Pulmatrix, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

or

For the transition period from ___________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-36199

PULMATRIX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (781) 357-2333

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

As of November 9, 2022, the registrant had 3,639,185 shares of common stock outstanding.

PULMATRIX, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

PULMATRIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PULMATRIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PULMATRIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

PULMATRIX, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)

(in thousands)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

PULMATRIX, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Organization

Pulmatrix, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in 2013 as a Delaware corporation. The Company is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of a novel class of inhaled therapeutic products. The Company’s proprietary dry powder delivery platform, iSPERSE^™ (inhaled Small Particles Easily Respirable and Emitted), is engineered to deliver small, dense particles with highly efficient dispersibility and delivery to the airways, which can be used with an array of dry powder inhaler technologies and can be formulated with a variety of drug substances. The Company is developing a pipeline of iSPERSE^™- based therapeutic candidates targeted at prevention and treatment of a range of respiratory and other diseases with significant unmet medical needs.

Reverse Stock Split

On February 28, 2022, the Company effectuated a 1-for-20 reverse stock split of its issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”) pursuant to which every 20 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock were automatically converted into 1 share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. Any fraction of a share of common stock that resulted from the Reverse Stock Split was rounded up to the nearest whole share. Accordingly, as required in accordance with U.S. GAAP (as defined below), all common stock and per share data are retrospectively restated to give effect of the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented herein.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Standards

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company included herein have been prepared, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted from this report, as is permitted by such rules and regulations. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 29, 2022 (the “Annual Report”).

The financial information as of September 30, 2022, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, is unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (including those which are normal and recurring) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included. The balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements. The results of the Company’s operations for any interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year.

Use of Estimates

In preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. The most significant estimates and assumptions in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, estimates of future expected costs in order to derive and recognize revenue, estimates related to clinical trial accruals and upfront deposits, fair value used to record preferred stock and warrant transactions, incremental borrowing rate, and accounting for income taxes and the related valuation allowance.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Cash is a financial instrument that potentially subjects the Company to concentrations of credit risk. For all periods presented, substantially all of the Company’s cash was deposited in an account at a single financial institution that management believes is creditworthy. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of default by these financial institutions for amounts in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insured limits. The Company maintains its cash at a high-quality financial institution and has not incurred any losses to date.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 99% of revenue recognized in the accompanying financial statements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, two customers accounted for 99% of revenue recognized in the accompanying financial statements. As of September 30, 2022, one customer accounted for 99% of accounts receivable recorded in the accompanying financial statements.

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40) (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the guidance on accounting for convertible financial instruments by removing the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and (2) convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. ASU 2020-06 also requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share and share settlement when an instrument can be settled in cash or shares at the entity’s option, unless the instrument is a liability-classified stock-based payment award. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of ASU 2020-06 did not have any net impact on the classification or measurement of the Company’s convertible financial instruments or contracts in the Company’s own equity outstanding as of January 1, 2022, nor the earnings per-share amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity – Classified Written Call Options (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force) (“ASU 2021-04”). ASU 2021-04 addresses how an issuer should account for modifications, or an exchange of freestanding written call options classified as equity that is not within the scope of another topic. The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2021-04 as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of ASU 2021-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

As of September 30, 2022, there have been no other new, or existing recently issued or adopted, accounting pronouncements that are of significance, or potential significance, that impact the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company did not hold any financial assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis, except for money market funds which are a Level 1 instrument, measured at fair value on a recurring basis and included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $35,415 and $47,758 respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.

4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets 

5. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Schedule of Property and Equipment  

Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $123 and $134, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company disposed of certain fixed assets with immaterial gross costs and accumulated depreciation.

6. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

 Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities 

7. Significant Agreements

Development and Commercialization Agreement with Cipla Technologies LLC (“Cipla”)

On April 15, 2019, the Company entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Cipla Agreement”) with Cipla for the co-development and commercialization, on a worldwide exclusive basis, of PUR1900, the Company’s inhaled iSPERSE^™ drug delivery system (the “Product”) enabled formulation of the antifungal drug, itraconazole, which is only available as an oral drug, for the treatment of all pulmonary indications, including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (“ABPA”) in patients with asthma. Pulmatrix entered into an amendment to the Cipla Agreement on November 8, 2021 (the “Cipla Amendment”), and all references to the Cipla Agreement herein refer to the Cipla Agreement, as amended.

The Company received a non-refundable upfront payment of $22.0 million (the “Upfront Payment”) under the Cipla Agreement. Upon receipt of the Upfront Payment, the Company irrevocably assigned to Cipla the following assets, solely to the extent that each covers the Product in connection with any treatment, prevention, and/or diagnosis of diseases of the pulmonary system (“Pulmonary Indications”): all existing and future technologies, current and future drug master files, dossiers, third-party contracts, regulatory filings, regulatory materials and regulatory approvals, patents, and intellectual property rights, as well as any other associated rights and assets directly related to the Product, specifically in relation to pulmonary indications (collectively, the “Assigned Assets”), excluding most specifically the Company’s iSPERSE^™ technology.

The Company and Cipla will each be responsible for 60% and 40%, respectively, of the Company’s overhead costs and the time spent by the Company’s employees and consultants on development of the Product (“Direct Costs”), in addition to which, Cipla will reimburse the Company an amount equal to 10% of aggregate Direct Costs upon the achievement of certain development milestones set forth in the table below, potentially bringing the sharing of Direct Costs to a 50/50 basis. The Company will continue to share all other development costs with Cipla that are not Direct Costs, such as the cost of clinical research organizations, manufacturing costs and other third-party costs, on a 50/50 basis.

Accounting Treatment

The Company concluded that because both it and Cipla are active participants in the arrangement and are exposed to the significant risks and rewards of the collaboration, the Company’s collaboration with Cipla is within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 808, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASC 808”). The Company concluded that Cipla is a customer since they contracted with the Company to obtain research and development services and a license to the Assigned Assets, each of which is an output of the Company’s ordinary activities, in exchange for consideration. Therefore, the Company has applied the guidance in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) to account for the research and development services and a license within the contract. The Company determined that the research and development services and license to the Assigned Assets are considered highly interdependent and highly interrelated and therefore are considered a single combined performance obligation because Cipla cannot benefit from the license without the performance by Pulmatrix of the research and development services. Such research and development services are highly specialized and proprietary to Pulmatrix and therefore not available to Cipla from any other third party.

The Company determined the total transaction price to be $22.0 million – comprised of $12.0 million for research and development services for the Product and $10.0 million for the irrevocable license to the Assigned Assets. Additionally, upon commercialization, Cipla and the Company will share equally, both positive and negative total free cash-flows earned by Cipla in respect of the Product. However, the Company has not included such free cash-flows in the transaction price as these milestones are constrained until after the commercialization of the Product.

Revenue is recognized for the Cipla Agreement as the research and development services are provided using an input method, according to the ratio of costs incurred to the total costs expected to be incurred in the future to satisfy the Company’s obligations. In management’s judgment, this input method is the best measure of the transfer of control of the combined performance obligation. The amounts received that have not yet been recognized as revenue are recorded in deferred revenue on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, with amounts expected to be recognized in the next 12 months recorded as current.

The Company concluded that the Cipla Amendment represented a contract modification that is treated for accounting purposes as the termination of the Cipla Agreement and a creation of a new contract (the “Amended Cipla Agreement”). Accordingly, the modification is accounted for on a prospective basis. The total transaction price for the Amended Cipla Agreement includes variable consideration from the Cipla Amendment as well as $7.4 million deferred under the Cipla Agreement as of the Cipla Amendment execution date. Revenue is recognized for the Amended Cipla Agreement as the research and development services are provided using an input method, according to the ratio of costs incurred to the total costs expected to be incurred in the future to satisfy the Company’s obligations.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized $1.9 million and $4.4 million in revenue related to the research and development services and irrevocable license to the Assigned Assets in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2022, the aggregate transaction price related to the Company’s unsatisfied obligations was $6.2 million and was recorded in deferred revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, $1.1 million of which was current.

8. Preferred Stock

The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation (the “Articles”) provides for a class of authorized stock known as preferred stock, consisting of 500,000 shares, $0.0001 par value per share, issuable from time to time in one or more series. During 2021, the Articles were amended to designate and authorize 6,746 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”).

The Series A Preferred Stock does not have any mandatory redemption provisions, contingently redeemable redemption provisions, preferential dividend rights, liquidation preferences, or voting rights, apart from mirrored, non-discretionary voting rights with common stock as a single class, equal to 100,000 votes per share of common stock underlying the Series A Preferred Stock on the Reverse Stock Split proposal which was approved by the Company’s stockholders at a special stockholder meeting on February 10, 2022.

As of September 30, 2022, there are no shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding as all previously issued shares were converted into common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021.

9. Common Stock

In May 2021, the Company entered into an At-The-Market Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright and Co., LLC (“HCW”) to act as the Company’s sales agent with respect to the issuance and sale of up to $20.0 million of the Company’s shares of common stock, from time to time in an at-the-market public offering (the “ATM Offering”). Sales of common stock under the Sales Agreement are made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed with the SEC on May 26, 2021, and subsequently declared effective on June 9, 2021 (File No. 333-256502), and a related prospectus. HCW acts as the Company’s sales agent on a commercially reasonable efforts basis, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The NASDAQ Capital Market. If expressly authorized by the Company, HCW may also sell the Company’s common stock in privately negotiated transactions. There is no specific date on which the ATM Offering will end, there are no minimum sale requirements and there are no arrangements to place any of the proceeds of the ATM Offering in an escrow, trust or similar account. HCW is entitled to compensation at a fixed commission rate of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold 252,013 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement at a weighted-average price of approximately $5.70 per share which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $1.4 million.

10. Warrants

There were no warrants issued or exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were warrants to purchase up to 254,942 shares of common stock that expired during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The following represents a summary of the warrants outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2022:

Schedule of Warrants Outstanding 

11. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company sponsors the Pulmatrix, Inc. 2013 Employee, Director and Consultant Equity Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”). As of September 30, 2022, the 2013 Plan provides for the grant of up to 454,363 shares of common stock, of which 142,642 shares remain available for future grant.

In addition, the Company sponsors two legacy plans under which no additional awards may be granted. As of September 30, 2022, the two legacy plans have a total of 35 options outstanding, all of which are fully vested.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 123,357 options to employees and directors with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $5.45 per share.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

Summary of Stock Option Activity  

The Company records stock-based compensation related to stock options based on their grant date fair value. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option grants and to determine the related compensation expense. The assumptions used in estimating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates. The weighted-average assumptions used in determining fair value of the stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:

Schedule of Calculation of Fair Value Assumptions 

The expected life of the Company’s options was determined using the simplified method as a result of limited historical data regarding the Company’s activity. The risk-free interest rate was obtained from U.S. Treasury rates for the expected life of the stock options. The Company’s expected volatility was based upon the Company’s own historical volatility. The dividend yield considers that the Company has not historically paid dividends and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

As of September 30, 2022, there was $1.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted under the Company’s stock award plans. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.19 years.

The following table presents total stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively (dollars in thousands):

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expenses 

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Research and Development Activities

The Company contracts with various other organizations to conduct research and development activities, including clinical trials. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had aggregate commitments to pay approximately $4.4 million remaining on these contracts, of which the Company expects to be reimbursed $1.9 million by partners. Of the gross amount of $4.4 million in commitments, $4.0 million would be considered current over the next 12 months and $0.4 million would be considered long-term. The scope of the services under contracts for research and development activities may be modified and the contracts, subject to certain conditions, may generally be cancelled by the Company upon written notice. In some instances, the contracts, subject to certain conditions, may be cancelled by the third party.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company may be involved in various legal proceedings involving contractual and employment relationships, patent or other intellectual property rights, and a variety of other matters. The Company is not aware of any pending legal proceedings that would reasonably be expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

13. Leases

Current Corporate Headquarters

The Company has limited leasing activities as a lessee which are primarily related to its corporate headquarters located at 99 Hayden Avenue, Suite 390, Lexington, Massachusetts. The lease is for approximately 22,000 square feet of office and lab space under a lease with 99 Hayden LLC which was subsequently amended on April 30, 2020 and October 6, 2021, and will expire on June 30, 2023. The lease provides for base rent, and the Company is responsible for real estate taxes, maintenance, and other operating expenses applicable to the leased premises.

The Company also leases small office equipment which is primarily short-term or immaterial in nature. Therefore, no right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized for these leases.

The components of lease expense for the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Schedule of Components of Lease Expenses 

Maturities of lease liabilities due under these lease agreements as of September 30, 2022 are as follows:

Schedule of Maturities of Lease Liabilities 

Schedule of Operating Lease Liability

Future Corporate Headquarters

On January 7, 2022, the Company executed a lease agreement with Cobalt Propco 2020, LLC for its new corporate headquarters at 36 Crosby Drive, Bedford, Massachusetts. The leased premises comprises approximately 20,000 square feet of office and lab space and is expected to commence in May 2023, following completion of construction to prepare the premises for the Company’s intended use. Based on the Company’s current plans, management anticipates the improvements will be funded by (i) the landlord through a tenant allowance of $3.9 million, (ii) a landlord funded advance on tenant improvements of $0.5 million which will be repaid over the lease term, and (iii) approximately $2.9 million by the Company. The lease provides for base rent of $101 thousand per month, which will increase 3% each year over the ten-year noncancellable term. The Company has the option to extend the lease for one additional 5-year term and is responsible for real estate taxes, maintenance, and other operating expenses applicable to the leased premises.

As of September 30, 2022, the lease was not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as the facility is under construction and no payments relating to landlord-owned leasehold improvements have been made by the Company. When payments are made by the Company relating to landlord-owned leasehold improvements, they will be recorded to prepaid rent as a component of other long-term assets. On the lease commencement date, the Company plans to reclassify the prepayment to the right-of-use asset, thereby increasing its initial value, but the prepayment will not be included in the measurement of the lease liability. The lease will be recorded as a component of the Company’s right-of-use asset and operating lease liabilities when the lease commencement date occurs.

14. Income Taxes

The Company had no income tax expense due to operating losses incurred for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Management of the Company evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon the realizability of its deferred tax assets and determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not recognize the benefits of the deferred tax assets. As a result, a full valuation allowance was recorded as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Company applies ASC 740, Income Taxes, for the financial statement recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. Unrecognized tax benefits represent tax positions for which reserves have been established. A full valuation allowance has been provided against the Company’s deferred tax assets, so that the effect of the unrecognized tax benefits is to reduce the gross amount of the deferred tax asset and the corresponding valuation allowance. The Company has no material uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

15. Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings (loss) per share for common shares and participating securities. The participating securities consist of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock. The undistributed earnings are allocated between common shares and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period. In periods of loss, no allocation is made to the Series A Preferred Stock and diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share because common stock equivalents are excluded as its inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding, because such securities had an antidilutive impact:

Schedule of Computation of Anti-Dilutive Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding

16. Subsequent Events

The Company has completed an evaluation of all subsequent events after the balance sheet date of September 30, 2022 through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, to ensure that the condensed consolidated financial statements include appropriate disclosure of events both recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022, and events which occurred subsequently but were not recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company has concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that require disclosure, except as disclosed within the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. The information set forth below should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 29, 2022. Unless stated otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “us,” “we,” “our,” or our “Company” and similar terms refer to Pulmatrix, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained herein, including statements regarding our business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of our plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits from acquisitions to be made by us, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings, or other aspects of our operating results, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipates,” “assumes,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “guides,” “intends,” “is confident that,” “may,” “plans,” “seeks,” “projects,” “targets,” and “would,” and their opposites and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results and may not be accurate indications of when such performance or results will actually be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information we have when those statements are made or our management’s good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

For a more detailed discussion of these and other risks that may affect our business and that could cause our actual results to differentiate equally from those projected in these forward-looking statements, see the risk factors and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which any such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

“iSPERSE^™” is one of our trademarks used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Solely for convenience, these and other trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this report appear without the ^®, TM and SM symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate, in any way, we or the owners of such trademarks will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks and trade names.

Overview

Business

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of novel inhaled therapeutic products intended to prevent and treat respiratory and other diseases with significant unmet medical needs.

We design and develop inhaled therapeutic products based on our proprietary dry powder delivery technology, iSPERSE^™ (inhaled Small Particles Easily Respirable and Emitted), which enables delivery of small or large molecule drugs to the lungs by inhalation for local or systemic applications. The iSPERSE^™ powders are engineered to be small, dense particles with highly efficient dispersibility and delivery to airways. iSPERSE^™ powders can be used with an array of dry powder inhaler technologies and can be formulated with a broad range of drug substances including small molecules and biologics. We believe the iSPERSE^™ dry powder technology offers enhanced drug loading and delivery efficiency that outperforms traditional lactose-blend inhaled dry powder therapies.

We believe the advantages of using the iSPERSE^™ technology include reduced total inhaled powder mass, enhanced dosing efficiency, reduced cost of goods, and improved safety and tolerability profiles.

Our goal is to develop breakthrough therapeutic products that are safe, convenient, and more effective than the existing therapeutic products for respiratory and other diseases where iSPERSE^™ properties are advantageous.

Our current pipeline is aligned to this goal as we develop iSPERSE^™- based therapeutic candidates which target the prevention and treatment of a range of diseases. These therapeutic candidates include PUR1900 for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (“ABPA”) in patients with asthma, and in patients with cystic fibrosis (“CF”), PUR1800 for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“AECOPD”), and PUR3100 for the treatment of acute migraine. Each program is enabled by its unique iSPERSE^™ formulation designed to achieve specific therapeutic objectives.

We intend to capitalize on our iSPERSE^™ technology platform and our expertise in inhaled therapeutics to identify new product candidates for the prevention and treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical needs and to build our product pipeline beyond our existing candidates. In order to advance clinical trials for our therapeutic candidates and leverage the iSPERSE^™ platform to enable delivery of partnered compounds, we intend to form strategic alliances with third parties, including pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies or academic or private research institutes.

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for at least the next several years based on our drug development plans. We expect our expenses and capital requirements will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, as we:

We will continue to direct resources to advance the research and development of PUR1900 for ABPA in patients with asthma and CF. Based on the FDA meeting in January 2021, we have initiated study start-up activities for our Phase 2 safety and efficacy study of PUR1900 in patients with asthma and ABPA. This will include a 16-week dosing regimen and endpoints that would potentially support a Phase 3 registrational trial. The Phase 2 study is anticipated to begin dosing subjects with ABPA in the first quarter of 2023 with top-line data expected in mid-2024.

We completed preclinical safety studies for our lead iSPERSE^™ formulation in 2018 and advanced our formulation and process development efforts to support clinical testing in subjects with stable moderate-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (“COPD”). We completed a Phase 1b safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PUR1800 for subjects with stable moderate-severe COPD. We received top-line data from the Phase 1b clinical study in the first quarter of 2022. We are analyzing data from the completed Phase 1b clinical study of PUR1800 for AECOPD, to submit study results for presentation at a relevant medical conference in 2023. These data will inform the design of a potential Phase 2 study in the treatment of AECOPD.

We developed PUR3100, an iSPERSE^™ formulation of DHE in 2020 and completed a pharmacokinetic study in dogs in January 2021. On September 26, 2022, we announced the completion of patient dosing in a Phase 1 trial evaluating PUR3100, a novel pulmonary inhaled formulation for the treatment of acute migraine. The Phase 1 study design is a double-dummy, double-blinded trial to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of three dose levels of single doses of inhaled PUR3100 with intravenous (“IV”) placebo, as compared to IV DHE (DHE mesylate injection) with inhaled placebo. Twenty-six healthy subjects were enrolled and each of the four groups contained at least six subjects. Phase 1 study database lock is to occur in November with top-line data anticipated to be released in early first quarter of 2023.

To add additional inhaled therapeutics to our discovery pipeline and facilitate additional discovery collaborations, we are leveraging our iSPERSE^™ technology and our management’s expertise in inhaled therapeutics and particle engineering to identify potential product candidates. These potential product candidates are potentially safer and more effective than the current standard of care for prevention and treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical needs.

The status of our patent portfolio changes frequently in the ordinary course of patent prosecution. As of September 30, 2022, our patent portfolio related to iSPERSE^™ included approximately 135 granted patents, 19 of which are granted US patents, with expiration dates from 2024 to 2037, and approximately 51 additional pending patent applications in the US and other jurisdictions. Our in-licensed portfolio related to kinase inhibitors included approximately 273 granted patents, 32 of which are granted US patents, with expiration dates from 2029 to 2035, and approximately 29 additional pending patent applications in the US and other jurisdictions. On March 1, 2022, we filed a patent cooperation treaty application that discloses and claims certain formulations and methods of use relevant to our PUR3100 program.

In order to advance our clinical programs, we may hire additional personnel in areas of pharmaceutical and clinical development. In 2022, we hired our Chief Medical Officer, among other personnel, to support these programs.

PUR1900 (formerly referred to as Pulmazole)

On April 15, 2019, we entered into a Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “Cipla Agreement”) with Cipla Technologies LLC (“Cipla”) for the co-development and commercialization, on a worldwide, except for the Cipla Territory defined below, exclusive basis, of PUR1900, our inhaled iSPERSE^™ drug delivery system (the “Product”) enabled formulation of the antifungal drug, itraconazole, which is only available as an oral drug, for the treatment of all pulmonary indications, including ABPA in patients with asthma. We entered into an amendment to the Cipla Agreement on November 8, 2021 (the “Cipla Amendment”), and all references to the Cipla Agreement herein refer to the Cipla Agreement, as amended.

The Cipla Agreement will remain in effect in perpetuity, unless otherwise earlier terminated in accordance with its terms. In the event of circumstances affecting the continuity of development of the Product in line with the Cipla Agreement or if certain development milestones are not achieved within a specified timeframe discussed in greater detail below, the joint steering committee (the “JSC”) will evaluate the cause and effect and make a recommendation as to the most optimal option available to Cipla and us. In such events, the parties are not obligated to follow the recommendation of the JSC and, either party may elect to terminate (a “Terminating Party”) its obligation to fund additional costs and expenses for the development and/or commercialization of the Product. If the non-Terminating Party wishes to continue the development of the Product, it will have the right to purchase the rights of the Terminating Party in the Product at its fair market value. If both Cipla and we abandon the development program, Cipla and we shall make commercially reasonable efforts to monetize the Product and development program in connection with the Pulmonary indications. Cipla and we will equally share the proceeds.

We and Cipla are responsible for 60% and 40%, respectively, of our overhead costs and the time spent by our employees and consultants on development of the Product (“Direct Costs”), in addition to which, Cipla will reimburse us an amount equal to 10% of aggregate Direct Costs upon the achievement of certain development milestones set forth in the table below, potentially bringing the sharing of Direct Costs to a 50/50 basis. We continue to share all other development costs with Cipla that are not Direct Costs, such as the cost of clinical research organizations, manufacturing costs and other third-party costs, on a 50/50 basis. Additionally, upon commercialization, Cipla and the Company will share equally, both positive and negative total free cash-flows earned by Cipla in respect of the Product.

Pursuant to the Cipla Agreement, (i) all development and commercialization activities with respect to the Product in India, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Iran, Yemen, Myanmar and Algeria (such countries, the “Cipla Territory”) will be conducted exclusively by Cipla at Cipla’s sole cost and expense, and (ii) Cipla shall be entitled to all profits from the sale of the Product in the Cipla Territory, except that if Cipla successfully transfers manufacturing of the Product for the Cipla Territory to a manufacturing site determined by Cipla, we will become entitled to a royalty equal to 2% of net sales in the Cipla Territory.

In partnership with Cipla, we initiated a Phase 2 clinical study in 2019, entitled: “A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Itraconazole Administered as a Dry Powder for Inhalation (PUR1900) in Adult Asthmatic Patients with ABPA”. This clinical study was terminated in July 2020 due to the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient enrollment and clinical study conduct.

Following the terminated clinical study, we conducted a Type C meeting with the FDA on January 27, 2021, in order to discuss the program’s overall development plan and the current Phase 2 clinical study design. The Phase 2 clinical study design includes a 16-week dosing regimen with an 8-week follow up and is intended to explore potential efficacy endpoints, whereas the terminated clinical study had comprised only a 4-week dosing regimen with safety and tolerability as its primary endpoint. The longer dosing regimen of the new Phase 2 clinical study is supported by the 6-month inhalation toxicology study in dogs completed in April 2020. The new development plan, including the current Phase 2 clinical study, was approved on November 8, 2021 in the Cipla Amendment by the JSC.

In addition to the terms of the Cipla Agreement described above, if any of the below development milestones are not met by the date that is nine months after the applicable deadline for achieving such development milestone, either party may elect to terminate its obligation to fund additional development costs, in which case either (i) the non-Terminating Party can acquire the rights of the Terminating Party for fair market value or (ii) the parties will monetize the Product. The table below sets forth the development milestones.

We successfully completed a Phase 1/1b clinical study in 2018. We anticipate the first patient to be dosed in this Phase 2 clinical study during the first quarter of 2023 with top-line data expected in mid-2024. This clinical study start may be affected by conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to clinical study conduct and patient enrollment.

PUR1800

We completed a Phase 1b safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (“PK”) of PUR1800 for subjects with stable moderate-severe COPD. We received top-line data from the Phase 1b clinical study in the first quarter of 2022.

The clinical study, performed at the Medicines Evaluation Unit in Manchester, UK, was a randomized, three-way crossover double-blind study with 14 days of daily dosing which includes placebo and one of two doses of PUR1800, and included a 28 day follow up period after each treatment period. A total of 18 adults with stable COPD were enrolled. Safety and tolerability, as well as systemic PK were evaluated.

PUR1800 was well tolerated and there were no observed safety signals. The preliminary PK data indicate that PUR1800 results in low and consistent systemic exposure when administered via oral inhalation. The complete datasets will be analyzed, and we expect to submit study results at a relevant medical conference in 2023. These data along with the results from chronic toxicology studies, support the continued development of PUR1800 for the treatment of AECOPD and other inflammatory respiratory disease. We are also analyzing the Phase 1b clinical study data to help inform the design of a potential Phase 2 study in the treatment of AECOPD.

Toxicology studies in rats and dogs, with durations of nine and nine months, respectively, were then completed. The data from both studies demonstrated that PUR1800 is safe and well tolerated with chronic dosing, with no progression of findings from 28-day studies. We believe this indicates potential for chronic dosing of PUR1800, enabling us to explore PUR1800 therapy for chronic respiratory disease such as steroid resistant asthma, COPD, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the program is currently in development for treatment of AECOPD, these positive toxicology study results could expand potential indications and value of the program.

All rights to our kinase inhibitor portfolio, including PUR1800 and PUR5700, reverted to us upon the termination of our License, Development and Commercialization Agreement (the “JJEI License Agreement”), dated December 26, 2019, with Johnson & Johnson Enterprise Innovation, Inc. (“JJEI”). JJEI notified us that they were terminating the JJEI License Agreement in April 2021, and the effective date of the termination was July 6, 2021.

PUR3100

In 2020, we developed PUR3100, the iSPERSE^™ formulation of DHE, for the treatment of acute migraine. Over 38 million people suffer from migraine in the United States. Currently, DHE is only available as intravenous infusion or intranasal delivery. If approved for commercialization, PUR3100 should be the first orally inhaled DHE treatment for acute migraine and be an alternative to other acute therapies, such as oral and intravenous triptans that currently represent the majority of the annual migraine prescriptions in the United States. Given the oral inhaled route of delivery, PUR3100 is anticipated to provide a rapid onset of migraine symptom relief with a favorable tolerability profile.

Two 14-day good laboratory practice (“GLP”) toxicology studies have been conducted, one in rats and one in dogs, to support initial single dose clinical studies. An additional 14-day GLP toxicology study in rats to fully characterize local toxicity in the lungs to enable species selection for a single species chronic toxicology study to support longer-term clinical dosing has also been completed.

We submitted pre-investigational new drug application (“pre-IND”) questions to the FDA for which we have received written responses that have confirmed and/or clarified several manufacturing, non-clinical, and clinical aspects of the PUR3100 development program. After consideration of the responses, we updated the initial clinical study from a 2-part Phase 1/Phase 2 clinical study to a Phase 1 double-blind matching placebo (double-dummy) clinical study in healthy volunteers. Participants are being randomized to receive 1 of 3 doses of PUR3100 or intravenous DHE. The Phase 1 clinical study is evaluating safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PUR3100 in humans. Based on our FDA communications, we believe this study may provide preliminary comparative bioavailability data to potentially support a 505(b)(2) pathway for marketing authorization. Based on FDA guidance provided in the pre-IND meeting, 300 patients will be followed for 6 months of dosing and 100 of which will be followed for 12 months of dosing as part of an open-label extension study of the potential pivotal study. The FDA also confirmed that it will be necessary to perform a safety study administering PUR3100 to otherwise healthy subjects with asthma before a new drug application is submitted for PUR3100.

We further conducted a Type C meeting with the FDA to add additional clarification around some of the written responses in relation to the overall non-clinical and clinical program. We believe that conducting the Phase 1 clinical study in Australia allows us to generate the most comprehensive dataset for inclusion in an investigational new drug application (“IND”) for Phase 2 in the United States, while also providing the most cost and time efficient path to Phase 1 data in 2022. On September 26, 2022, we announced the completion of patient dosing in a Phase 1 trial evaluating PUR3100, a novel pulmonary inhaled formulation for the treatment of acute migraine. The Phase 1 study design is a double-dummy, double-blinded trial to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of three dose levels of single doses of inhaled PUR3100 with IV placebo, as compared to IV DHE (DHE mesylate injection) with inhaled placebo. Twenty-six healthy subjects were enrolled and each of the four groups contained at least six subjects. Phase 1 study database lock is to occur in November with top-line data anticipated to be released in early first quarter of 2023.  Following the Australia Phase 1 clinical study completion, we plan to open an IND to enable a randomized placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical study in patients with migraines to assess the safety and effectiveness of two doses of PUR3100, in which the selection of the two doses has been informed by the initial Phase 1 clinical study.

Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Requirement

As previously reported, on August 17, 2021, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business day period between July 6, 2021 through August 16, 2021, we did not meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). On February 15, 2022, we received a letter from Nasdaq notifying us that we have been granted an additional 180-day period, or until August 15, 2022, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On March 15, 2022, we received a letter from Nasdaq notifying us that we had regained full compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule, and that the matter was closed.

Financial Overview

Revenues

To date, we have not generated any product sales. The revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily generated by the collaboration and license agreement with Cipla on our PUR1900 program. The revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily generated by the Cipla Agreement and the JJEI License Agreement for our PUR1800 kinase inhibitor.

For more discussion on the collaboration or licensing agreements, please see Note 7 —Significant Agreements of the condensed consolidated financial statements included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for the research and development of our preclinical and clinical candidates, and include:

We expense research and development costs to operations as incurred. We recognize costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors.

Research and development activities are central to our business model. We utilize a combination of internal and external efforts to advance product development from early-stage work to clinical trial manufacturing and clinical trial support. External efforts include work with consultants and substantial work at CROs and CMOs. We support an internal research and development team and facility for our pipeline programs. To move these programs forward along our development timelines, a large portion (approximately 81% of staff) are research and development employees. In addition, we maintain approximately a 22,000 square foot office and research and development facility which includes capital equipment for the manufacture and characterization of our iSPERSE^™ powders for our pipeline programs. As we identify opportunities for iSPERSE^™ in respiratory indications, we anticipate additional head count, capital, and development costs will be incurred to support these programs. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, however, we cannot determine with certainty the duration and completion costs of these or other current or future preclinical studies and clinical trials. The duration, costs and timing of clinical trials and development of our product candidates will depend on a variety of factors, including the uncertainties of future clinical and preclinical studies, uncertainties in clinical trial enrollment rates and significant and changing government regulation. In addition, the probability of success for each product candidate will depend on numerous factors, including competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs such as stock-based compensation for personnel and consultants in executive, finance, business development, corporate communications and human resource functions, facility costs not otherwise included in research and development expenses, patent filing fees and professional legal fees. Other general and administrative expenses include travel expenses, expenses related to a publicly traded company and professional fees for consulting, auditing and tax services.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as they relate to audit, legal, regulatory, and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, director and officer liability insurance, investor relations costs and other costs associated with being a public company. Additionally, if and when we believe a regulatory approval of a product candidate appears likely, we anticipate an increase in staffing and related expenses as a result of our preparation for commercial operations, especially as it relates to the sales and marketing of our product candidates.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments, and Estimates

This management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There were no changes to our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, including estimates, assumptions, and judgments as compared to those described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on March 29, 2022 (the “2021 Annual Report”). It is important that the discussion of our operating results that follow be read in conjunction with the critical accounting policies disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

The following table sets forth our results of operations for each of the periods set forth below (in thousands):

Revenues — Revenue was $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $0.8 million. The increase in revenue was due to $1.9 million in revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2022 for the PUR1900 program related to the Cipla Agreement compared to no revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This was partially offset by no revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2022 for the PUR1800 program compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Research and development expenses — For the three months ended September 30, 2022, research and development expenses were $5.3 million compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $1.3 million. The increase was primarily due to increased spend of $1.5 million in clinical costs related to our PUR1900 program, $0.6 million in employment costs and $0.2 million in facility costs, partially offset by decreased spend of $1.0 million in non-clinical and clinical costs related to our PUR1800 program.

General and administrative expenses — General and administrative expenses were $1.7 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. There were no significant changes in the nature or composition of general and administrative expenses incurred period over period.

Nine Months ended September 30, 2022 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

The following table sets forth our results of operations for each of the periods set forth below (in thousands):

Revenue — Revenue was $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of approximately $0.3 million. The decrease in revenue was due to no revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 for the PUR1800 program compared to $3.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This was partially offset by $4.3 million in revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 for the PUR1900 program related to the Cipla Agreement compared to $0.9 million revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Research and development expenses — For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, research and development expenses were $13.8 million, compared to $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $1.4 million. The increase was primarily due to increased spend of $1.8 million in employment costs, $0.4 million in facility costs and $1.8 million on clinical costs related to the PUR1900 program, partially offset by decreased spend of $2.2 million in non-clinical and clinical costs related to our PUR1800 program and $0.4 million in non-clinical and manufacturing costs related to our PUR3100 program.

General and administrative expenses — General and administrative expenses were $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase of $0.4 million. The increase was primarily due to increased spend of $0.2 million in employment costs, $0.3 million in consulting costs, $0.1 million in facility costs, partially offset by decreased spend of $0.2 million in other corporate costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Through September 30, 2022, we have incurred an accumulated deficit of $269.3 million, primarily as a result of expenses incurred through a combination of research and development activities related to our various product candidates and general and administrative expenses supporting those activities. We have financed our operations since inception primarily through the sale of preferred and common stock, the issuance of convertible promissory notes and term loans, and collaboration and license agreements. Our total cash and cash equivalents balance as of September 30, 2022 was $40.7 million.

We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses, and that such losses will increase over the next several years due to development costs associated with our iSPERSE™ pipeline programs. We expect that our research and development and general and administrative expenses will continue to increase and, as a result, we will need additional capital to fund our operations, which we may raise through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, other third-party funding and other collaborations and strategic alliances.

We contract with various other organizations to conduct research and development activities, including clinical trials. As of September 30, 2022, we had aggregate commitments to pay approximately $4.4 million remaining on these contracts, of which the Company expects to be reimbursed $1.9 million by partners. Of the gross amount of $4.4 million in commitments, $4.0 million would be considered current over the next 12 months and $0.4 million would be considered long-term. The scope of the services under contracts for research and development activities may be modified and the contracts, subject to certain conditions, may generally be cancelled by us upon written notice. In some instances, the contracts, subject to certain conditions, may be cancelled by the third party.

We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2022 will enable us to fund our projected operating expenses and capital expenditures into the second quarter of 2024.  We have based our projections of operating capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be incorrect, and we may use all of our available capital resources sooner than we expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our operating capital requirements.

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

The following table sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below (in thousands):

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $14.3 million, which consisted of a $14.6 million net loss and $1.7 million in net cash outflows associated with changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by $2.0 million of non-cash adjustments. Our non-cash adjustments were comprised of approximately $0.9 million of stock-based compensation expense, $1.0 million of amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset, and $0.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense. The net cash outflows associated with changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to increases of $0.4 million in accounts receivable, approximately $1.0 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and $0.4 million in long-term assets, decreases of $1.0 million in operating lease liability and $0.8 million in deferred revenue, and partially offset by increases of $0.5 million in accounts payable and $1.5 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $15.3 million, which consisted of a $16.1 million net loss and $4.5 million in net cash outflows associated with changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by approximately $5.3 million of non-cash adjustments. Our non-cash adjustments were comprised of $3.6 million of goodwill impairment, $0.9 million of stock-based compensation expense, $0.7 million of amortization of operating lease right-of-use asset and $0.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense. The net cash outflows associated with changes in operating assets and liabilities were primarily due to decreases of $2.9 million in deferred revenue, $0.8 million in operating lease liability, and $0.6 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and an increase of approximately $0.1 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for both the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0.1 million and both periods were entirely due to the purchases of property and equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.2 million as compared to $37.3 million provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 resulted from $1.4 million of net proceeds from an At-The-Market Sales Agreement, partially offset by $0.2 million of preferred stock issuance costs. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 resulted from $37.1 million of net proceeds from the issuance of common stock in a registered direct offering and $0.2 million from the exercise of warrants.

Financings

On December 17, 2021, we closed a registered direct offering with certain institutional investors for the issuance and sale of an aggregate of 6,745.008 shares of convertible preferred stock and warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 281,047 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, for gross proceeds of $6.8 million or net proceeds of $6.0 million after placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses. The shares of preferred stock have a stated value of $1,000 per share and are initially convertible into an aggregate of 562,085 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $12.00 per share at any time. The common warrants have an exercise price of $13.99 per share. In addition, we issued the placement agent designees warrants to purchase up to 36,538 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $14.99 per share. Both the common warrants and the placement warrants are exercisable nine months following the date issuance and have a five-year term. The shares of preferred stock and common warrants were offered by us pursuant to a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-256502) previously filed with the SEC on May 26, 2021 and declared effective on June 9, 2021.

In May 2021, we entered into an At-The-Market Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with H.C. Wainwright and Co., LLC (“HCW”) to act as our sales agent with respect to the issuance and sale of up to $20.0 million of our shares of common stock, from time to time in an at-the-market public offering (the “ATM Offering”). Sales of common stock under the Sales Agreement are made pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, which was filed with the SEC on May 26, 2021, and subsequently declared effective on June 9, 2021 (File No. 333-256502), and a related prospectus. HCW acts as our sales agent on a commercially reasonable efforts basis, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of Nasdaq. If expressly authorized by us, HCW may also sell our common stock in privately negotiated transactions. There is no specific date on which the ATM Offering will end, there are no minimum sale requirements and there are no arrangements to place any of the proceeds of the ATM Offering in an escrow, trust or similar account. HCW is entitled to compensation at a fixed commission rate of 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of our common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we sold 252,013 shares of its common stock under the Sales Agreement at a weighted-average price of approximately $5.70 per share which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $1.4 million. We anticipate using these funds for our PUR1900 Phase 2 trial.

On February 16, 2021, we closed on a registered direct offering with certain healthcare-focused institutional investors to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of our common stock at $40.00 per share, for gross proceeds $40.0 million or net proceeds of $37.1 million after placement agent’s fees and other offering expenses. In connection with the offering, 65,003 warrants with a five-year expiry were issued to placement agent designees at an exercise price of $49.99 per share. The shares of common stock were offered by us pursuant to a “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-230225) previously filed with the SEC on March 12, 2019 and declared effective on March 15, 2019.

Known Trends, Events and Uncertainties

The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations is unknown and will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. These include but are not limited to the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing effects on the global economy, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, and any additional preventative and protective actions that regulators, or our board or management, may determine are needed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant economic uncertainty and volatility in the credit and capital markets, and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including but not limited to, supply chain issues, global shortages of supplies, materials and products, and rising global inflation, continue to do so. In addition, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including related sanctions and countermeasures, are difficult to predict, and could adversely impact geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions, the global economy, and contribute to increased market volatility, which may in turn adversely affect our business and operations. We may not be able to raise sufficient additional capital and may tailor our drug candidate development program based on the amount of funding we are able to raise in the future. Nevertheless, there is no assurance that these initiatives will be successful.

Other than as discussed above and elsewhere in this report, we are not aware of any trends, events or uncertainties that are likely to have a material effect on our financial condition.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have concluded that, based on such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, have concluded that, based on such evaluation, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, identified in connection with the evaluation of such internal control that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation that arises through the normal course of business. As of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any material legal proceedings to which we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or to which any of our property is subject, nor are we aware of any such threatened or pending litigation or any such proceedings known to be contemplated by governmental authorities.

We are not aware of any material proceedings in which any of our directors, officers, or affiliates or any registered or beneficial stockholder of more than 5% of our common stock, or any associate of any of the foregoing, is a party adverse to or has a material interest adverse to, us or any of our subsidiaries.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 in addition to the other information included in this Form 10-Q before making an investment decision regarding our common stock. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, or operating results would likely suffer, possibly materially, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

The following discussion of risk factors contains forward-looking statements. These risk factors may be important to understanding other statements in this Form 10-Q. The following information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” and Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

The price of our common stock is subject to fluctuation and has been and may continue to be volatile.

The stock market in general, and the Nasdaq in particular, as well as biotechnology companies, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of small companies. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate as a result of, among other factors:

In addition, if the market for stocks in our industry or industries related to our industry, or the stock market in general, experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could fluctuate or decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of the foregoing occurs, it could cause our stock price to fall and may expose us to lawsuits that, even if unsuccessful, could be costly to defend and a distraction to management.

Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant financial market volatility and uncertainty since March 2020. A continuation or worsening of the levels of market disruption and volatility seen in the recent past could have an adverse effect on our ability to access capital, on our business, results of operations and financial condition, and on the market price of our common stock.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our common stock.

As previously reported, on August 17, 2021, we received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business day period between July 6, 2021 through August 16, 2021, we did not meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement and had a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until February 14, 2022, in which to regain compliance. On February 15, 2022, we received a letter from Nasdaq notifying us that we have been granted an additional 180-day period, or until August 15, 2022, to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. On March 15, 2022, we received a letter from Nasdaq notifying it that it had regained full compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule, and that the matter was closed.

Although we have restored compliance with the listing requirements, we can provide no assurance that we will not fall out of compliance again. Should a delisting occur, an investor would likely find it significantly more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the value of our common stock, and our ability to raise future capital through the sale of our common stock could be severely limited.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(a) Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

(b) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

See Index to Exhibits.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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