QUALSTAR CORP - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019

INDEX

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 ("Reform Act"). Forward-looking statements inherently are subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which we cannot predict or quantify. Therefore, our actual results may differ materially and adversely from the results projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “ITEM 1A — Risk Factors,” and in “ITEM 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Words such as “believes,” “may,” “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “seeks,” or “continues,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements also include the assumptions underlying or relating to any such statements. Forward-looking statements contained within this document represent a good-faith assessment of Qualstar Corporation’s future performance for which management believes there is a reasonable basis. Qualstar Corporation disclaims any obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained herein, except as may be required by law.

PART I

 ITEM 1. BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION

Qualstar Corporation and its Subsidiaries (“Qualstar”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is organized into two strategic business segments, power solutions and data storage systems. Qualstar is a leading provider of data storage systems marketed under the Qualstar brand and of high efficiency and high-density power solutions marketed under the N2Power brand. Qualstar Corporation was incorporated in California in 1984 and operates four wholly owned subsidiaries. N2Power, Inc. was formed in 2017 to operate the Company’s power supply business. Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited (“QC Singapore”) was created in 2014 to give the Company an engineering footprint in Singapore and better service our contract manufacturers and our Asian distribution partners and customers. On July 4, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Qualstar Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Europe and Africa and on September 5, 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Q-Smart Data Private Limited, was created to operate the Company’s data storage business in Asia.

Qualstar’s N2Power branded power solutions products provide unique power solutions to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) for a wide range of markets, including communications networking, industrial, gaming, test equipment, lighting, medical as well as other market applications. Data storage system products include highly scalable automated magnetic tape-based storage solutions that store, retrieve and manage electronic data primarily in the network computing environment and to provide solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical electronic information.

Our storage products are compatible with a wide range of storage management software solutions such as those offered by Xendata, IBM, EMC, CommVault and Veritas.  We offer products addressing the storage needs of the small and mid-size business market. In addition to storage products, we offer service and support programs for our customers.  

Our N2Power products provide high-efficiency and high-density AC/DC and DC/DC power solutions for a variety of applications including gaming products and data center technologies such as switches, routers, data storage, servers and networking communications equipment.   With a wide variety of feature-rich standard products and the ability to create custom and semi-custom products, we offer a comprehensive product line to OEMs that require high-value, high-efficiency power supplies to meet specific applications.

We sell our products globally through authorized resellers and directly to OEMs. N2Power utilizes contract manufacturers in Asia to produce our power solutions products. Qualstar storage products are manufactured by our OEM suppliers in other parts of the world and are configured to order at our facility in Camarillo, California.  

DATA STORAGE INDUSTRY

 Background 

The data retention and archival storage markets are comprised of a few large suppliers and a number of medium and smaller companies that offer specialized products and capacity ranges.  Solutions include both disk based and tape-based systems and related software.

The proliferation of digital data, e-commerce, big data, digital media streaming, and data analysis has created exponential growth in the production of digital information. As regulators and companies require the longer retention of and access to archived data, the market for products to store that data cost-effectively is growing. We believe this trend will drive continued demand for tape-based data storage products.

Strategy

The primary objective of our storage business is to be a global leader in highly scalable, cost effective data retention and archival storage for the information technology markets.  To achieve this objective, we plan to:

Our Storage Solutions  

Today’s Linear Tape-Open (“LTO”) data storage solutions yield a compelling outcome for organizations struggling to cope with fast growing data, reliable data retention, and budgetary pressure. Qualstar offers LTO-based data storage devices for various vertically focused business units, including but not limited to, media and entertainment, oil and gas, high performance computing, education, telecom and life sciences.

We deliver cost effective data protection and archival storage to small and mid-sized businesses, and to more complex small and mid-sized enterprise environments with stringent performance and data availability requirements.  We provide a variety of storage solutions with a wide range of data storage capacities.

Q Series - Tape based data storage devices

Qualstar offers a full range of entry level and mid-range data storage solutions for customers ranging from 10 Terabytes to 6.72 Petabytes. Our Q8, Q40, Q48 and scalable Q80 tape libraries satisfy the required data storage capacities as well as data transfer rates of entry level and mid-range customers.

RLS Series - Tape based data storage devices

These are our “Simply Reliable” robust tape libraries that are designed and manufactured in the United States to satisfy the data storage needs of mid-range customers. With built-in library enabled encryption, individual robots in each cabinet and elevator mechanism to transfer cartridges from one cabinet to other, these tape libraries offer robust data protection at a low cost of ownership. Ranging from 50 to 474 slots offer between 600 Terabytes and 5.69 Petabytes of data storage capacity and up to a 23.8 Terabytes per hour data transfer rate.

XLS Series - Enterprise class tape-based storage devices

XLS is Qualstar’s highly modular enterprise library system delivering intelligence, density, flexibility, scalability, and ease of use, coupled with our signature reliability and value. XLS features Compass Architecture™, an advanced robotics design that yields superior reliability and density. XLS can be expanded from 435 tapes in easy increments to over 11,700 tapes offering more than 140 Petabytes of data storage capacity. Our unique LRM (Library Resource Module) and MEM (Media Expansion Module) combination allows maximum density of 1368 Terabytes per square foot.

POWER SUPPLY INDUSTRY

Background

The power supply industry is comprised of a few large suppliers and a vast number of smaller companies that focus on specialized products and markets.  Currently, the power solutions market for our N2Power brand products include the servers, storage and network (“SSN”), industrial and transportation (“IND”), network power systems (“NPS”), medical, gaming and lighting markets.

We believe the following key trends will continue to drive demand for our power solutions products:

Strategy

Our primary objective in our power supply business is to be a global leader in high-efficiency, high-density power solutions for the data center equipment, medical, gaming, test equipment, transportation, industrial and telecommunications network power markets.  To achieve this objective, we plan to:

Our Power Solution Products

We design, develop, manufacture and market our power solution products, whose purpose is to convert, regulate, purify, manage or distribute electrical power for electronic equipment.  Our products are used in a variety of applications and convert AC current from the power grid to DC current, or modify the voltage being delivered (DC to DC).  We typically target markets where high efficiency and power density are important to our customers.

We sell standard, modified-standard and custom designed products.  Standard products are sold unmodified to our customers.  Modified-standard products are based on lightly modified versions of standard products.   Custom products are designed specifically to the customer’s specification and are not generally sold to other customers. Custom products may require non-recurring engineering and certification costs to bring the product to production. With our core competencies in both power and mechanical design, we are an Optimized Power Systems Manufacturer (OPSM), offering complete custom power assemblies that eliminate the need for our customers to purchase additional components to integrate our power supplies into their products.

CUSTOMERS

Our solution-focused product offerings are designed specifically for OEMs, information technology departments, and lower and middle market companies. We sell our storage products through our worldwide authorized distributor and reseller network. Power supplies are sold through distributors and direct through independent outside sales representatives. All of our products and services are designed and manufactured to address our customers’ stringent requirements and reliability standards. The following provides additional detail on our channels: 

 We divide our worldwide sales into three geographical regions:

We support our customers in the Americas primarily through a network of trained distribution partners and representatives located throughout the region. We support our EMEA, APAC and other foreign customers through our distributors and resellers located throughout these regions.

Sales to customers outside of the United States represent a significant portion of our sales. International sales are subject to various risks and uncertainties. (See "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this report.) The following table sets forth foreign revenue by geographic area ($ in thousands):

We provide a full range of marketing materials for branded products, including product specifications, sales literature, and application notes. We also offer lead generation opportunities to key channel partners. Our sales management and engineering personnel provide support to the channel partners and visit potential customer sites to demonstrate the technical advantages of our products. We maintain press relations in the United States, and participate in trade shows worldwide.

CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUPPORT

Customer service and support are key elements of our company strategy and critical components of our commitment to making enterprise-class support and services available to companies of all sizes. Our technical support staff is trained to assist our customers with deployment and compatibility for any combination of hardware platforms, operating systems and backup, data protection and storage management software. Our application engineers assist with complex customer issues. We maintain global toll-free service and support phone lines and we also provide self-service and support through our website and email.

 Standard warranties include:

ENGINEERING 

Our power supply engineering team work to improve our current products and create new products. Our engineers work closely with our customers to incorporate modifications for their specific project requirements. Our data storage business utilizes consultants for any engineering requirements.

Our engineering efforts encompass both the USA and Singapore.  We have also formed strategic partnerships for supplementary engineering resources with third party companies to capture additional state-of-the-art technology driven power designs.  These partnerships allow us to increase our product breadth by releasing more standard and modified standard power solution products in the future.

We incurred engineering costs of $0.6 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and $0.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, representing 4.4%, and 4.1% of net revenues, respectively.

MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLIERS

We perform product assembly, integration and testing for our storage products at our facility in Camarillo, California, and formerly in Simi Valley, California. Our private label storage products are manufactured in various geographical locations by a select group of suppliers. Our N2Power branded products are manufactured in China at specifically qualified contract manufacturers.  We purchase tape drives, chassis, printed circuit boards, integrated circuits, and all other major components from outside suppliers. We carefully select suppliers based on their ability to provide quality parts and components which meet technical specifications and volume requirements. We actively monitor these suppliers but we are subject to substantial risks associated with the performance of our suppliers. For certain components, we qualify a single source, which magnifies the risk of shortages and decreases our ability to negotiate with that supplier. See "If our suppliers fail to meet our component and manufacturing needs, it would delay our production and our product shipments to customers and negatively affect our operations" under the heading "Risk Factors" in Part I, Section 1A of this report. 

COMPETITION 

The worldwide data storage market is highly competitive. Competitors vary in size from small start-ups to large multi-national corporations which may have substantially greater financial, engineering and marketing resources than us. In the tape automation market, we believe our primary competitors are International Business Machines Corporation ("IBM"), Oracle/StorageTek, Dell Inc., Hewlett Packard, Overland Storage, Spectra Logic and Quantum Corporation. Key competitive factors include product features, reliability, durability, scalability and price. Barriers to entry in tape automation are relatively high as this is an established industry that is capital intensive.

Our primary power supply competitors are Meanwell, Artesyn, TDK Lambda, XP Power and Bel Power. Key competitive factors in these markets include price, performance, functionality, availability, interoperability, connectivity, time to market, enhancements and total value of ownership. Barriers to entry for power supply products are high as the industry is capital intensive. 

The markets for all of our products are characterized by significant price competition and we anticipate that our products will continue to face substantial pricing pressure. 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 

We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to protect our proprietary rights. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, competition in our businesses is significant. We believe that, because of the rapid pace of technological change in the tape storage and power supply industries, patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection are less significant than factors such as market responsiveness, knowledge, ability, the experience of our personnel, and timely new product introductions. 

We enter into Employee Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreements with all employees and consultants to protect our technology and designs.

EMPLOYEES 

As of December 31, 2019, we had 16 employees worldwide, 15 full-time and 1 part-time. We also employ a small number of consultants and temporary employees as needed. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements or other similar agreements. We believe that we have a good relationship with our employees.   

AVAILABILITY OF SEC FILINGS 

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Therefore, we file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports, proxy statements and other information may be obtained by visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Our website addresses are www.qualstar.com and www.n2power.com. Information contained on our web site is not part of this report on Form 10-K or our other filings with the SEC.  

 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 

Our future results of operations are subject to risks and uncertainties over which we have limited control, and which could cause our actual results to differ materially from our expectations. We are subject to all of the business risks facing manufacturing companies, including business cycles and trends in the general economy, financial market conditions, unpredicted cost variances in raw materials and purchased components, demand variations and volatility, potential loss of key personnel, supply chain disruptions, government legislation and regulation, and natural causes. The following list of risk factors is not all-inclusive. Other factors and unanticipated events could adversely affect our financial position or results of operations. We believe that the most significant potential risk factors that could adversely impact us are the following:  

We have had a history of operating losses and we may not sustain profitability. 

The Company achieved operating profitability in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.  In 2019, the Company experienced a small operating loss, and prior to 2017, the Company had a history of operating losses since fiscal year ended June 30, 2004. There is no assurance that management can achieve or sustain profitability.

Public health threats could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

Public health threats could adversely affect our ongoing or planned business operations. In particular, the outbreak in December 2019 of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in China has resulted in quarantines, restrictions on travel and other business and economic disruptions. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any of the third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, distributers, resellers and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were to experience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materially and adversely impacted.

We face intense industry competition, price erosion and product obsolescence, which, in turn, could reduce our operating results. 

We operate in an industry that is generally characterized by intense competition and rapid technological change. We believe that the principal bases of competition in our markets are breadth of product line, quality of products, stability, reliability and reputation of the provider, along with cost. Quantity discounts, price erosion, and rapid product obsolescence due to technological improvements are therefore common in our industry as competitors strive to retain or expand market share. Product obsolescence can lead to increases in unsellable inventory that may need to be written off and therefore could reduce our operating results. Similarly, price erosion can reduce our operating results by decreasing our revenues and our gross margins.

Our long-term operating results depend substantially upon our ability to continually develop, introduce, and market new and innovative products, to modify existing products, to respond to technological change, and to customize certain products to meet customer requirements. There are numerous risks inherent in this process, including the risks that we will be unable to anticipate the direction of technological change or that we will be unable to develop and market new products and applications in a timely fashion to satisfy customer demands, which could result in a decrease in our net sales and a loss of market share to our competitors. Historically, we have had write-offs of excess and obsolete inventory which negatively impacted our results of operations. In the future, excess or obsolete inventory may need to be written off, and this in turn could reduce our operating results.

Changes in demand or downturns in the markets we serve could affect our business and operating results.

The industries into which we market and sell our products are cyclical and may experience downturns. These industries also experience volatility, and future volatility as well as downturns, or any failure of these industries to recover from downturns, could materially harm our business and operating results. Likewise, if we have difficulty managing growth in our businesses, it could materially and adversely affect us. In addition, our business and financial position may be adversely affected by current and future economic conditions that cause a decline in business and consumer spending in the markets served by our or our customers’ products.

Our operating results may be impaired if demand for our technology declines or fails to develop as we expect. 

We will continue to be subject to the risk of a decrease in revenues if demand for our products declines or if rising prices make it more difficult to sell them. If products incorporating other technologies gain comparable or superior market acceptance and competitive price advantage, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely and materially affected unless we successfully develop and market products incorporating the new technology. 

Our principal competitors devote greater financial resources to developing, marketing and selling their products. Consequently, we may be unable to maintain or increase our market share. 

We face significant competition in developing and selling our products. Rapid and ongoing changes in technology and product standards could quickly render our products less competitive, or even obsolete. We have significantly fewer financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and other resources than many of our competitors and these limited resources may impair the operating results of our business in many ways. For example, in the past our competitors have offered wider ranges of products, expanded the geographic scope of their markets, acquired other companies, and developed or acquired proprietary technologies that operate in conjunction with their products.   

 In the future, our competitors may leverage their greater resources to: 

We believe competitive pressures are likely to continue. We cannot guarantee that our resources will be sufficient to address this competition or that we will manage costs and adopt strategies capable of effectively utilizing our resources. If we are unable to respond to competitive pressures successfully, our prices and profit margins may fall and our market share may decrease.

We rely on indirect sales channels to market and sell our branded storage products and both direct and indirect sales channels to market and sell our branded power solutions products. A loss of or deterioration in our relationship with one or more of our resellers or distributors, or our inability to establish new indirect sales channels to drive growth of our products could negatively affect our operating results. 

We sell the majority of our branded storage products to value-added resellers, who in turn sell our products to end users. In some cases, resellers integrate our tape libraries with products of other manufacturers and sell the combined products to their own customers. We sell our branded power solution products both direct to OEM customers (or their contract manufacturers) and to our distribution channel who in turn sell our products to OEM customers. The success of these sales channels is hard to predict, particularly over time, and we have no purchase commitments or long-term orders from them that assure us of any baseline sales through these channels. Several of our resellers and distributors carry competing product lines that they may promote over our products, which may negatively impact our sales. A reseller or distributor might not continue to purchase our products or market them effectively, and each reseller or distributor determines the type and amount of our products that it will purchase from us and the pricing of the products that it sells to their customers. Establishing new indirect sales channels globally is an important part of our strategy to drive growth of our revenue.

Our operating results could be adversely affected by any number of factors including: 

We do not have any exclusive agreements with our VARs or distributors who purchase our products on an individual purchase order basis. If we lose important VARs or distributors, or if they reduce their focus on our products or if we are unable to obtain additional VARs, our business could be negatively affected.

If our suppliers fail to meet our component and manufacturing needs, it could delay our production and our product shipments to customers and negatively affect our operations. 

Our products comprise many components and subassemblies produced by outside suppliers. We depend greatly on these suppliers for items that are essential to the manufacture of our products, including tape drives, printed circuit boards and integrated circuits. For certain items, we qualify only a single source, which magnifies the risk of shortages and decreases our ability to negotiate with that supplier on the basis of price. From time to time, we have been unable to obtain sufficient components that we have needed due to shortages or quality issues from some of our suppliers. If our suppliers fail to meet our manufacturing needs, it would delay our production and our product shipments to customers and negatively affect our operations. 

We also rely on software vendors to develop and support software needed for operation of our automated tape library products and their integration into the user’s computing environment. Accordingly, the continued development and future growth of the market for our tape library products will depend partly upon the ability of these vendors to meet the overall data storage and management needs of tape library purchasers and our ability to maintain relationships with these firms.

The primary suppliers of our N2Power power supplies are located in China. If a manufacturer should be unable to deliver products to us on a timely basis or at all, our power supply business could be adversely affected. Though we have had many years of favorable experience with these suppliers, there can be no assurance that circumstances might not change and compel one or more of these suppliers to curtail or terminate deliveries to us. Moreover, the use of contract manufacturers to provide our power supplies typically requires that we place production orders several months in advance of our expected need for the products. This in turn leads to risks that we may lack sufficient inventory to sell to our customers where our expectations were conservative, or that we may order excess product inventory where our expectations were optimistic. We have in the past, experienced shortages of some parts needed to manufacture our power supplies.

As our primary supplier is in China, issues such as natural disasters or government directed closures may adversely affect our ability to deliver product in a timely manner to our customers. The recent extension by the Chinese government of the Lunar New Year holiday to curb the spread of the Coronavirus has disrupted the supply chain for global markets and may materially and adversely impact the supply of components used in our products.

If we fail to develop and introduce new products on a timely and cost-effective basis, or if our products do not contain the features required by the marketplace, we may eventually lose market share and sales to competitors. 

The market for our products is characterized by changing technology and evolving industry standards. Our future results will depend on our ability to anticipate changes in technology, to develop new and enhanced products on a timely and cost-effective basis, and to introduce, manufacture and achieve market acceptance of these new and enhanced products. With respect to our tape library products in particular, the introduction of new storage technologies or the adoption of an industry standard different from our current product standards could render our existing products obsolete.

Development schedules for high technology products are inherently subject to uncertainty and there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet our product development schedules or that our development costs will be within budgeted amounts. If the products or product enhancements developed are not deliverable due to technical problems, quality issues or component shortages, or if such products or product enhancements are not accepted by the marketplace or are unreliable, then our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. 

If we fail to protect our intellectual property or if others use our proprietary technology without authorization, our competitive position may suffer. 

We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret, and other intellectual property laws and various contract rights to protect our proprietary rights. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, however, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or use our products or technology. As a consequence, these rights may not preclude competitors from developing products that are substantially equivalent or superior to our products. In addition, many aspects of our products are not subject to intellectual property protection and therefore can be reproduced by others. 

Undetected manufacturing flaws could increase our costs, reduce our revenues and divert resources from our core business needs. 

Despite our efforts to revise and update our manufacturing and test processes to address engineering and component changes, we may not be able to control and eliminate manufacturing flaws adequately. These flaws may include undetected software or hardware defects associated with a newly introduced product, a new version of an existing product, or a product that has been integrated into a system or apparatus with the products of other vendors. If we fail to adequately monitor, develop and implement appropriate test and manufacturing processes we could experience a rate of product failure that results in substantial shipment delays, warranty costs or damage to our reputation. Product flaws may also consume our limited engineering resources and interrupt our development efforts. Significant product failures would increase our costs and result in the loss of future sales and be harmful to our business.

Much of our business is subject to risks associated with operations in foreign countries. 

We generate a significant percentage of our revenue internationally, and we believe that international sales will continue to represent a substantial portion of our revenues. In addition, our manufacturing of power supply products is performed by contract manufacturers in Asia. We face risks that the countries in which we conduct business, or in which we have customers, suppliers, or contract manufacturers could:

Other risks and costs associated with international operations include:

Change of board and senior management, and retention of key personnel. 

Turnover in key management positions could temporarily harm our financial performance and results of operations. Loss of certain members of our senior management may disrupt operations and relations with key customers and distributors and our operating results could be adversely affected. Our capacity to develop and implement new technologies depends on our ability to employ personnel with highly technical skills. If we cannot attract and retain key technical personnel, our technical expertise may suffer, and our operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, it could be difficult, time consuming and expensive to replace any key management member or other critical personnel and no guarantee exists that we will be able to recruit suitable replacements or assimilate new key management personnel into our organization to achieve our operating objectives. 

Intellectual property infringement claims brought against us could result in a substantial liability and significant costs, and as a result, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected. 

From time to time, we may become subject to claims or inquiries regarding an alleged unauthorized use by us of another party’s intellectual property. While we currently believe the amount of ultimate liability, if any, with respect to any such actions will not materially affect our financial position, results of operations or liquidity, the ultimate outcome of any license discussion or litigation is uncertain. Adverse resolution of any infringement claim could subject us to substantial liabilities and require us to refrain from manufacturing and selling certain products. In addition, the costs incurred in intellectual property litigation can be substantial, regardless of the outcome. As a result, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our revenues and operating results may fluctuate unexpectedly from quarter to quarter, which may in turn affect our stock price. 

Our quarterly revenues and operating results have fluctuated in the past, and are likely to vary in the future due to the various factors discussed above and others, including: 

We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not necessarily be reliable indicators of our future performance. It is likely that in some future period our operating results will not meet your expectations or those of public market analysts. Any unanticipated change in revenues or operating results is likely to cause our stock price to fluctuate since such changes reflect new information available to investors and analysts. New information may cause investors and analysts to revalue our stock and this, in the aggregate, may cause fluctuations in our stock price.

Trading in our stock has historically been limited and our stock price has been volatile, which may affect your ability to sell your shares. 

The average trading volume in our stock has been historically low, with little or no trading at all on some days. This, as well as the factors listed below, has caused the price of our stock to be volatile. Consequently, it may be difficult to sell your shares of our stock at the price you paid for them or at a price equal to that quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market. Factors that may cause our stock price to fluctuate in the future include: 

In addition, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume volatility recently. This volatility has had a substantial effect on the market prices of securities of many smaller public companies for reasons frequently unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the specific companies. These market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Certain provisions in our charter documents and California law may hinder or prevent a change in control of our company.

Certain provisions of our charter documents could make it difficult for a third party to obtain control of the Company. For example, our articles of incorporation and bylaws require that stockholders must timely inform our corporate secretary before a stockholders' meeting if they wish to nominate directors or submit proposals for shareholder approval and contain provisions that eliminate cumulative voting in the election of directors. In addition, subject to the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market, our board of directors has the authority, without any action by the shareholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to fix the rights and preferences of such shares. These provisions may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control, may discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over its market price and may adversely affect the market price, and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.

Our success depends in part on our CEO, who simultaneously leads other public corporations.

Steven N. Bronson, our Chief Executive Officer and President, simultaneously serves as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Interlink Electronics, Inc. (NASDAQ: LINK) and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of BKF Capital Group, Inc. (OTCMKTS: BKFG). As a result, he divides his time among these companies and does not devote his full business time and attention to Qualstar’s business. Mr. Bronson currently works on average approximately 20 to 30 hours per week for Qualstar. There can be no assurance, however, that the amount of time Mr. Bronson devotes to our Company will not diminish from time to time for limited or extended periods as his other business obligations require a greater portion of his attention. Mr. Bronson is not required to spend a minimum amount of time on Qualstar business. Our continued success depends in part upon the availability and performance of Mr. Bronson, who possesses unique and extensive industry knowledge and experience as well as a deep understanding of our business and strategy. A reduction in Mr. Bronson’s services to Qualstar from their current levels due to his obligations to Interlink Electronics, BKF Capital or other organizations with which he is affiliated could have a disruptive effect, adversely impacting our ability to manage our business effectively and execute our business strategy.

Changes in trade policy in the United States and other countries, including changes in trade agreements and the imposition of tariffs and the resulting consequences, may have adverse impacts on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The United States government has indicated and demonstrated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy through the renegotiation, and termination, of certain existing bilateral and multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with, and the imposition of tariffs on a wide range of products and other goods from, China and other countries. Given our primary contract manufacturer and a significant product supplier is located in China, and we have limited manufacturing elsewhere, policy changes in the United States or other countries, such as the tariffs already proposed, implemented and threatened, present particular risks for us. Tariffs already announced and implemented, and future tariffs may have an adverse effect on certain of our products. We cannot predict future trade policy, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or treaties, or tariffs and their impact on our business. A trade war could have a significant adverse effect on world trade and the world economy. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the United States or other countries increase the price of, or limit the amount of, our products or components or materials used in our products imported into the United States or other countries, or create adverse tax consequences, the cost or gross margin of our products may be adversely affected and the demand from our customers for products and services may be diminished. If we deem it necessary to alter all or a portion of our activities or operations in response to such policies, agreements or tariffs, our capital and operating costs may increase. Our ongoing efforts to address these risks may not be effective and may have long-term adverse effects on our operations and operating results that we may not be able to reverse. Such efforts may also take time to implement or to have effect, and may result in adverse quarterly financial results or fluctuations in our quarterly financial results. As a result, changes in international trade policy, changes in trade agreements and tariffs could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES 

Qualstar headquarters is located in Camarillo, California. The facility is 9,910 square feet and is a 5 year and two-month lease, beginning June 1, 2019 and expiring July 31, 2024. The rent on this facility is $9,910 per month with a 3% step-up annually and an option to renew the lease for two 36 month periods.

Qualstar leases a 15,160 square foot facility located in Simi Valley, California. The three-year lease began December 15, 2014 and has been renewed for an additional three years, expiring February 28, 2021. Rent on this facility is $11,400 per month. On May 22, 2019, Qualstar entered into a sublease for the Simi Valley location, which previously served as Qualstar’s corporate headquarters and principal executive office. The term of the sublease commenced on July 15, 2019 and ends on February 28, 2021 (the “Term”). The base rent under the Sublease is approximately $13,000 per month.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, Qualstar also leased approximately 5,400 square feet of office space in Westlake Village, California.  The lease expired on January 31, 2020, and will not be renewed. Rent on this facility was $11,000 per month, with a step-up of 3% annually. Effective March 21, 2016, Qualstar entered into a sublease agreement for the Westlake Village facility. The term of the sublease expired at the same time as the term of the master lease and the tenant paid Qualstar $12,000 per month with a step-up of 3% annually.

Qualstar leases a facility in Singapore with 1,359 square feet for our power supply engineering staff. The two-year lease was effective April 1, 2016 and renewed for two years, expiring March 31, 2020. Rent for this facility is $2,600 per month. The lease will not be renewed.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Qualstar is subject to a variety of claims and legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a materially adverse impact on our financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future. We accrue loss contingencies in connection with our commitments and contingencies, including litigation, when it is probable that a loss has occurred, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2019, no accrual was necessary for fees and costs related to loss contingency matters.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Qualstar’s common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market or NASDAQ (Symbol — QBAK).

Holders

There were approximately 21 owners of record of Qualstar’s common stock as of March 9, 2020, not including beneficial owners who own their stock in street name through Cede & Co. and others.

Dividend Policy

No dividends were declared in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 or 2018. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon, among many other factors, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and any contractual restrictions.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

None

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

On December 5, 2018, the board of directors approved a stock repurchase program (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. The program permitted repurchases of up to a maximum aggregate purchase price of $2,400,000 and the number of shares of common stock repurchased was not to exceed 409,000. The program expired December 5, 2019. The following table presents the information about purchases by Qualstar of its common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2019:

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

The following table provides additional information regarding Qualstar’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019:

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements included later in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, beliefs and expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.”

OVERVIEW

Qualstar Corporation was incorporated in California in 1984. Qualstar manufactures and sells automated tape libraries used to store, retrieve and manage electronic data under its Qualstar brand. Tape libraries consist of cartridge tape drives, tape cartridges and robotics to move the tape cartridges from their storage locations to the tape drives under software control. Qualstar’s tape libraries provide storage solutions for organizations requiring backup, recovery and archival storage of critical electronic information. Qualstar’s subsidiary, N2Power, Inc., designs, develops, manufactures and sells high efficiency AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies under the N2Power brand name.

Qualstar has developed a business plan to establish worldwide partnerships with other power supply and data storage related companies that will increase our engineering capabilities to develop new products and enable us to ‘private label’ and sell already established strategic products that fit within our portfolio of products.

Qualstar established a Singapore subsidiary in 2014, Qualstar Corporation Singapore Private Limited (“QC Singapore”), in furtherance of its plan to establish a power supply engineering footprint in Asia. QC Singapore has allowed us to hire strategic engineering personnel to assist in sustaining our current power products and for new product development. QC Singapore has helped us in servicing our Asian customers and allows us to enter into relationships with various Singapore technical schools that have a strong history of working with local businesses in development of new breakthrough technologies.

Qualstar has established two additional subsidiaries to aid the Company’s global expansion goals. On July 4, 2018, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Qualstar Limited, was created to support Qualstar’s data storage business in Europe, Middle East and Africa. On September 5, 2018, a wholly owned subsidiary of Qualstar Corporation, Q-Smart Data Private Limited, was created to assist the Company’s data storage business growth in the Asia Pacific region.  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to loss contingencies, product life cycles and inventory obsolescence, bad debts, sales returns, warranty costs, share-based compensation forfeiture rates, and the potential outcome of future tax consequences. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. 

 Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.  To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. The five-step model is applied to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services transferred to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within each contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize revenue in the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment.  In limited circumstances where either title or risk of loss pass upon destination, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. We derive revenues from two primary sources: products and services. Product revenue includes the shipment of product according to the agreement with our customers for data storage products and power supplies. Services include customer support (technical support), installations, consulting, and design services. A contract may include both product and services. Rarely, contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Standalone selling prices are typically estimated based on observable transactions when these services are sold on a standalone basis.

We provide product warranties with varying lengths of time and terms. The product warranties are considered to be assurance-type in nature and do not cover anything beyond ensuring that the product is functioning as intended. Based on the guidance in ASC 606, assurance-type warranties do not represent separate performance obligations. We also sell separately priced maintenance service contracts which qualify as service-type warranties and represent separate performance obligations. We have historically experienced a low rate of product returns under the warranty program.

A variety of technical services can be contracted by our customers for a designated period of time. The service contracts allow customers to call Qualstar for technical support, replace defective parts and to have onsite service provided by Qualstar’s third party contract service provider. We record revenue for contract services at the amount of the service contract, but such amount is deferred at the beginning of the service term and amortized ratably over the life of the contract.

Our professional services include consulting, engineer and design services. Because control transfers over time, revenue is recognized based on progress toward completion of the performance obligation. The method to measure progress toward completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. The Company generally uses the input method to measure progress for its contracts because it best depicts the transfer of assets to the customer, which occurs as the Company incurs costs for the contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenue is recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Costs to fulfill these obligations include labor and subcontractor costs.

One of the Company’s contracts includes variable consideration that is constrained because the contract has a large number and broad range of possible consideration amounts. The Company uses an expected value method to estimate the amount of variable consideration in this contract.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not disclose information about the transaction price that is unsatisfied as of December 31, 2019, because the transaction price only includes variable consideration that is constrained.

The Company has elected the practical expedient to not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component for contracts where the period between when the Company transfers service and when the customer pays is one year or less.

Deferred service revenue is shown separately in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as current and long term.  At December 31, 2019 we had deferred service revenue of approximately $949,000.  At December 31, 2018, we had deferred service revenue of approximately $863,000.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We measure fair value on all financial assets and liabilities and nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis (at least quarterly). See “Note 1 – Accounting Policies” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts based on an assessment of the collectability of specific accounts and the overall condition of accounts receivable. In evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, we analyze specific trade receivables, historical bad debts, customer credits, customer credit worthiness and changes in customers’ payment terms and patterns. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make additional payments, then we may need to make additional allowances. Likewise, if we determine that we could realize more of our receivables in the future than previously estimated, we would adjust the allowance to increase income in the period we made this determination.

Inventory Valuation

We record inventories at the lower of cost or market value on a first in first out basis. We assess the value of our inventories periodically based upon numerous factors including expected product or material demand, current market conditions, technological obsolescence, current cost and net realizable value. If necessary, we write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence, potential shrinkage, or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If technology changes more rapidly than expected, or market conditions become less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

Warranty Obligations

We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. We engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including active monitoring and evaluation of product failure rates, material usage and estimation of service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. However, should actual product failure rates, material usage, or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. Historically our warranty costs have not been significant. 

Legal and Other Contingencies

The outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against us are subject to significant uncertainty. An estimated loss from a loss contingency such as a legal proceeding or claim is accrued by a charge to income if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. When legal costs that the entity expects to incur in defending itself in connection with a loss contingency accrual are expected to be material, the loss should factor in all costs and, if the legal costs are reasonably estimable, they should be accrued regardless of whether a liability can be estimated for the contingency itself. Disclosure of a contingency is required if there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss has been incurred. Changes in these factors could materially impact our financial statements. 

Share-Based Compensation

Share-based compensation is accounted for at fair value over the vesting period. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine fair value of the award at the date of grant and recognize compensation expense over the vesting period. The inputs we use for the model require the use of judgment, estimates and assumptions regarding the expected volatility of the stock, the expected term the average employee will hold the option prior to the date of exercise, expected future dividends, and the number of share-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. Changes in these inputs and assumptions could occur and actual results could differ from these estimates, and our results of operations could be materially impacted. 

Accounting for Income Taxes

We estimate our tax liability based on current tax laws in the statutory jurisdictions in which we operate. These estimates include judgments about deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and such amounts recognized for tax purposes, as well as about the realization of deferred tax assets.  We may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures.

We maintain a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of realizing the benefits of net deferred tax assets in future years. We have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for such a valuation allowance. In the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, the valuation allowance would be decreased accordingly.

We may periodically undergo examinations by the federal and state regulatory authorities and the Internal Revenue Service. We may be assessed additional taxes and/or penalties contingent on the outcome of these examinations. Our previous examinations have not resulted in any unfavorable or significant assessments.

The Company has net operating loss carry forwards for federal income tax purposes of approximately $30.6 million and net operating loss carry forwards for state income tax purposes of approximately $19.0 million. The Company has engineering and other credits for tax purposes of $2.6 million. If not utilized, the federal net operating loss will start to expire beginning in 2026 and other tax credit carry forwards will start to expire beginning in 2024. If not utilized, the state net operating loss carry-forward as of December 31, 2019 will expire beginning in 2020. The state engineering credit has no limit on the carry-forward period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Recent Accounting Guidance in “Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table reflects, as a percentage of net revenues, consolidated statements of operations data for the periods indicated. The table summarizes the revenue for the Company’s two business segments, data storage and power supplies, as discussed in Note 11 of our consolidated financial statements, in thousands.

Comparison of the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

Change in Net Revenues:  

The increase in net revenues is attributed to the segment-specific factors as set forth below.

Segment Revenue 

Power Supplies – The decrease in sales is attributed to decreased demand from our existing customers. Key customers that incorporate our power supplies have variable life cycles and production demands. As some projects are accelerating and others approach end of life, the timing of new production creates a fluctuation in sales.

Storage – For the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year period, we experienced revenue growth from the sale of both products and services in our data storage segment. The increase in product revenues is attributed to new vertical channel partnerships focused on media and entertainment, digital forensics, eDiscovery and video surveillance markets. With the release of the LTO8 (Linear Tape-Open) tape technology and the capacity of tape libraries increasing by 100%, the Company has seen a shift in sales to entry level and mid-size libraries. Our Q-Series product portfolio caters to the entry level and mid-size market requirements. Our service revenue increased compared to the previous year, primarily due to the product development service revenue received from our partnership with Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (“Sony”) for the development of an enterprise class optical disk archive (“ODA”) library offset with a decrease in our technical support revenue. In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, Qualstar provided a notice of termination to Sony and completed its remaining obligations under its contract with Sony.

Our first quarter of 2020 has been impacted by the extended Chinese New Year holiday and the unprecedented change in the global business environment brought on by COVID-19. At this time, in our power supply business, we are experiencing a delay in shipping dates to our customers, as our subcontracted manufacturers rebuild to full capacity. Although the Company has experienced few cancellations at this time, the Company is also seeing customers delay orders in both business segments as they reassess their needs.  At this time, it is difficult for us to predict the impact these events will have on our future revenue.

Gross Profit: 

The Company experienced a decrease in gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year in both of its business segments. Power supply gross profit declined primarily due to a $268,000 one-time charge related to the write down of inventory repurchased from a terminated contract manufacturer. Data Storage gross profit decreased primarily as a result of our arrangement with Sony that limited our gross profit. Our arrangement with Sony mandated different levels of gross profit during our project. During the year ended December 31, 2019 the allowed gross profit limit was 10% compared to the prior year that was not restricted.

Operating Expenses:

Engineering

Engineering expenses slightly increased in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, as a result of the increase in compliance costs in our power supply business related to a new requirement issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission.

Sales and Marketing 

Sales and marketing expenses remained flat during the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, we added international sales consultants and marketing consultants in an effort to increase our revenues. 

General and Administrative 

General and administrative costs decreased for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to the decrease in legal and professional fees.

Provision (benefit) for Income Taxes:  

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a $18,000 tax benefit and $4,000 tax provision, respectively, relating to state income taxes. The Company had a current year taxable income prior to taking into account net operating loss carryforwards for both federal and state purposes. For federal purposes, after taking into account the benefit of net operating loss carryforwards, no provision for federal taxes was necessary for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. For state tax purposes, after taking into account the benefit of state net operating loss carryforwards, only a small provision for state income tax was necessary, primarily due to minimum taxes in various states in which the Company has a taxable presence.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash used in operating activities was $0.1 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to $0.2 million of cash provided in the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. The decline in cash provided by operations in 2019 was primarily related to the changes in assets and liabilities. In 2019, the Company had increased accounts receivables from the increase in data storage product sales during the last month of the year. Accounts receivables at December 31, 2019 were $2.4 million compared to approximately $1.8 million at December 31, 2018.

Cash used in investing activities was $85,000 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 compared to $26,000 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2018. Our investing activities primarily included warehouse racking and improvements for the new facility and new computer equipment and software.

Cash used in financing activities was $717,000 in the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 for the repurchase of common stock. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, cash used in financing activities was $54,000 for the repurchase of common stock offset with proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

The Company continues to focus on achieving profitability and improving cash flow.  By introducing private label products, we have been able to get similar or greater margins without developing new products ourselves, allowing for less headcount and product risk. These efforts and our increase in revenue have contributed to improvements in cash flow. In December 2018, the company implemented a stock buy-back plan to increase shareholder value which plan expired on December 5, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $3.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $100,000 in restricted cash used as collateral for our corporate credit cards. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least twelve months from the date of this report. We may utilize cash to invest in businesses, products or technologies that we believe are strategic. We periodically evaluate other companies and technologies for possible investment. In addition, we have made and may in the future make investments in companies with whom we have identified potential synergies. However, we have no present commitments or agreements with respect to any material investment in or acquisition of other businesses or technologies. In the event that we require additional capital to meet our business needs, there can be no assurance that additional funding will be available to us when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms.

SUMMARY OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS

The following is a summary of our future payments due, offset by sublease income, under contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Qualstar Corporation & Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases in 2019 due to the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended, effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share amounts)

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are integral to the consolidated financial statements.

QUALSTAR CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS