Annual Statements Open main menu

QUANTRX BIOMEDICAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2008 September (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
 
OR
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission File No. 0-17119

QUANTRX BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Nevada
33-0202574
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

100 S. Main Street, Suite 300, Doylestown, PA 18901
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(267) 880-1595
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x Yes o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No
 
The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock as of November 12, 2008 was 42,853,880.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

  Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o  
       
  Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company x  
 

 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
     
Financial Statements
 
     
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2008 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2007
4
     
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
5
     
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
6
     
 
Condensed Notes to (Unaudited) Consolidated Financial Statements
8
     
ITEM 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
29
     
ITEM 4T.
Controls and Procedures
35
     
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
     
ITEM 1.
Legal Proceedings
35
     
ITEM 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities; and Use of Proceeds
35
     
ITEM 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities
36
     
ITEM 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
36
     
ITEM 5.
Other Information
37
     
Exhibits
37
     
Signatures
38
 
2

 
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
 
THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, INCLUDING EXHIBITS HERETO, CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE TYPICALLY IDENTIFIED BY THE WORDS “ANTICIPATES,” “BELIEVES,” “EXPECTS,” “INTENDS,” “FORECASTS,” “PLANS,” “ESTIMATES,” “MAY,” “FUTURE,” “STRATEGY,” OR WORDS OF SIMILAR MEANING. VARIOUS FACTORS COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE EXPRESSED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS; INCLUDING THOSE DESCRIBED IN “RISK FACTORS” IN OUR ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-KSB FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007. WE ASSUME NO OBLIGATIONS TO UPDATE THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT NEW INFORMATION, ACTUAL RESULTS, CHANGES IN ASSUMPTIONS, OR CHANGES IN OTHER FACTORS, EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW.
 
3

 
ITEM 1.  Financial Statements
 
QUANTRX BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
   
September 30,
2008
 
December 31,
2007
   
(unaudited)
   
ASSETS
           
Current Assets:
           
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
253,738
 
$
213,332
 
Accounts receivable
   
35,535
   
80,758
 
Interest receivable, net of allowance for bad debt of $14,000
   
   
 
Interest receivable - related party
   
27,689
   
15,650
 
Inventories
   
69,397
   
37,313
 
Prepaid expenses
   
141,273
   
227,022
 
Note receivable, net of allowance for bad debt of $200,000
   
   
 
Note receivable - related party
   
200,000
   
200,000
 
Deferred finance costs, net
   
68,224
   
107,507
 
Deposits
   
143,963
   
4,448
   
Total Current Assets
   
939,819
   
886,030
                 
Investments
   
200,000
   
200,000
Property and equipment, net
   
329,209
   
391,720
Intangible assets, net
   
2,056,996
   
2,162,225
Security deposits
   
10,667
   
10,667
             
 
Total Assets
 
$
3,536,691
 
$
3,650,642
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
           
Current Liabilities:
           
 
Accounts payable
 
$
1,860,940
 
$
720,408
 
Accrued expenses
   
276,365
   
233,283
 
Deferred revenue, current portion
   
66,667
   
 
Short-term convertible notes payable, net of discount
   
2,002,402
   
795,476
 
Short-term promissory notes payable, net of discount
   
1,346,242
   
 
Security deposits
   
2,000
   
2,000
 
Loans payable, current portion
   
8,524
   
10,882
   
Total Current Liabilities
   
5,563,140
   
1,762,049
                 
 
Deferred revenue, long-term portion
   
8,782
   
 
Loans payable, long-term portion
   
   
5,733
 
Notes payable
   
44,000
   
44,000
   
Total Liabilities
   
5,615,922
   
1,811,782
             
Commitments and Contingencies
   
   
Minority Interest
   
   
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit):
           
 
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
 
 
 
Common stock - $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 authorized; 42,351,380 and 41,699,681 shares issued and outstanding
   
423,513
   
416,996
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
41,111,537
   
38,810,086
 
Accumulated deficit
   
(43,614,281)
   
(37,388,222)
 
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
   
(2,079,231)
   
1,838,860
             
 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
 
$
3,536,691
 
$
3,650,642
 
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these interim financial statements.
 
4

 
QUANTRX BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2008
 
2007
 
2008
 
2007
 
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
Revenues
$
216,526
 
$
85,518
 
$
469,786
 
$
256,169
                       
Costs and Operating Expenses:
                     
 
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization)
 
3,641
   
   
27,123
   
 
Sales and marketing
 
1,818
   
78,243
   
94,394
   
173,524
 
General and administrative
 
814,434
   
534,658
   
2,299,763
   
1,635,186
 
Professional fees
 
260,258
   
330,259
   
818,984
   
1,585,255
 
Research and development
 
508,815
   
462,740
   
1,738,304
   
1,464,873
 
Amortization
 
44,901
   
44,209
   
134,544
   
88,666
 
Depreciation
 
26,273
   
24,452
   
79,662
   
55,745
 
Total Costs and Operating Expenses
 
1,660,140
   
1,474,561
   
5,192,774
   
5,003,249
                       
Loss from Operations
 
(1,443,614)
   
(1,389,043)
   
(4,722,988)
   
(4,747,080)
                       
Other Income (Expense):
                     
 
Interest and dividend income
 
4,211
   
12,070
   
16,508
   
66,681
 
Interest expense
 
(85,913)
   
(636)
   
(185,461)
   
(1,371)
 
Bad debt expense
 
   
   
   
(214,000)
 
Rental income
 
5,786
   
6,224
   
17,746
   
14,509
 
Grant income
 
   
   
   
14,000
 
Amortization of debt discount to interest expense
 
(462,096)
   
   
(808,637)
   
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs to interest expense
 
(170,264)
   
   
(249,633)
   
 
Loss on equity investee
 
   
   
   
(267,608)
 
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
   
   
(439,445)
   
 
Loss on disposition of fixed assets
 
   
   
(1,787)
   
 
Total Other Income (Expense), Net
 
(708,276)
   
17,658
   
(1,650,709)
   
(387,789)
                       
Loss Before Minority Interest and Taxes
 
(2,151,890)
   
(1,371,385)
   
(6,373,697)
   
(5,134,869)
                       
Minority Interest
 
84,559
   
44,028
   
147,638
   
337,676
Provision for Income Taxes
 
   
   
   
                       
Net Loss
$
(2,067,331)
 
$
(1,327,357)
 
$
(6,226,059)
 
$
(4,797,193)
                       
Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share
$
(0.05)
 
$
(0.03)
 
$
(0.15)
 
$
(0.12)
                       
Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Shares Used in per Share Calculation
 
42,183,242
   
41,263,039
   
41,938,312
   
40,265,924
                       
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these interim financial statements.
 
5

 
QUANTRX BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
       
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
       
2008
 
2007
       
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
         
 
Net loss
$
(6,226,059)
 
$
(4,797,193)
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities:
         
   
Depreciation and amortization
 
214,206
   
144,411
   
Interest expense related to amortization of non-cash discount, non-cash beneficial conversion feature and deferred financing costs
 
1,058,270
   
   
Bad debt expense
 
   
214,000
   
Expenses related to employee stock options
 
809,145
   
106,457
   
Expenses related to stock options issued to non-employees
 
7,000
   
   
Expenses related to common stock warrants issued
 
41,187
   
118,403
   
Non-cash fair value of warrants and options issued for consulting
 
140,221
   
454,972
   
Non-cash fair value of common stock and warrants issued for interest
 
20,476
   
   
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
439,445
   
   
Loss on disposition of fixed assets
 
1,787
   
   
Issuance of convertible notes for accrued interest
 
103,123
   
   
Loss on equity investee
 
   
267,608
   
Minority interest
 
(147,638)
   
(337,676)
   
(Increase) decrease in:
         
     
Accounts receivable
 
45,223
   
(57,531)
     
Interest receivable
 
(12,040)
   
(17,673)
     
Inventories
 
(32,084)
   
     
Prepaid expenses
 
85,750
   
114,572
     
Deposits
 
3,028
   
5,350
   
Increase (decrease) in:
         
     
Accounts payable
 
893,369
   
(132,539)
     
Accrued expenses
 
43,082
   
43,649
     
Security deposits
 
   
2,000
     
Deferred revenue
 
75,448
   
(62,500)
                 
   
Net Cash Used by Operating Activities
 
(2,437,061)
   
(3,933,690)
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
         
 
Cash paid for purchases of fixed assets
 
(9,734)
   
(253,689)
 
Cash paid for equity interest in FluoroPharma
 
   
(1,536,000)
 
Cash obtained from equity interest in FluoroPharma
 
   
764,223
 
Payment on note receivable from FluoroPharma
 
   
250,000
 
Issuance of note receivable - related party
 
   
(300,000)
 
Cash paid for deposit on asset acquisition
 
(25,000)
   
 
Cash paid for licensing agreement
 
(20,000)
   
(15,000)
 
Cash paid for capitalized website development costs
 
(600)
   
(29,700)
                 
   
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities
 
(55,334)
   
(1,120,166)
                 
 
6

 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
         
 
Proceeds from sale of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs of $157,504
 
   
3,374,996
 
Proceeds from exercise of common stock warrants, net of placement fees of $0 and $16,429
 
169,189
   
567,777
 
Proceeds from long-term note payable
 
   
44,000
 
Payments on loan payable used to finance equipment purchase
 
(8,090)
   
(5,159)
 
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of legal fees of $7,500
 
992,500
   
 
Proceeds from issuance of senior secured promissory notes
 
550,000
   
 
Proceeds from issuance of promissory notes, net of issuance costs of $57,500
 
942,500
   
 
Payments of senior secured promissory notes
 
(100,000)
   
 
Payment of payables related to fixed asset purchases
 
(13,298)
   
             
 
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
 
2,532,801
   
3,981,614
                 
 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
40,406
   
(1,072,242)
             
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Period
 
213,332
   
1,256,912
           
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Period
$
253,738
 
$
184,670
           
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures:
         
 
Interest expense paid in cash
$
46,885
 
$
10,193
 
Income tax paid
$
 
$
           
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Activities Financing and Investing Activities:
         
 
Fair value of warrants issued to placement agents for debt financing costs
$
119,750
 
$
 
Fair value of warrants issued with convertible notes
 
122,036
   
 
Fair value of beneficial conversion feature embedded in convertible notes
 
647,760
   
 
Fair value of common stock issued with senior secured promissory notes
 
79,806
   
 
Fair value of warrants issued with senior secured promissory notes
 
58,050
   
 
Fair value of common stock issued with promissory notes
 
132,827
   
 
Fair value of warrants issued with promissory notes
 
108,159
   
 
Fair value of warrants issued with common stock
 
   
1,243,087
 
Fair value of warrants issued to placement agents for equity financing costs
 
   
277,778
 
Increase in payables related to purchase of fixed assets
 
9,203
   
 
Increase in payables related to license acquisition
 
8,715
   
 
Increase in payables for debt financing costs
 
125,000
   
 
Increase in payables related to deposit on equipment purchase
 
117,543
   
 
Increase in payables related to equipment purchase financing
 
   
24,377
             
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these interim financial statements.
 
7

 
QUANTRX BIOMEDICAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2008
 
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
 
QuantRx Biomedical Corporation was incorporated on December 5, 1986, in the State of Nevada. The Company’s principal business office is located at 100 South Main Street, Suite 300, Doylestown, Pennsylvania. QuantRx also has a research and development facility in Portland, Oregon.
 
QuantRx is a broad-based diagnostics company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative diagnostic products based on its patented technology platforms for the worldwide healthcare industry. The Company’s strategy is to commercialize its products through partners or distributors, contracting the manufacturing to third party partners while maintaining control over the manufacturing process.
 
The interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations for the periods reported. The interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although QuantRx believes that the disclosures included herein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Operating results for the periods presented are not necessarily indicative of future results. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and, from April 1, 2007, its majority-owned subsidiary, FluoroPharma, Inc. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. See Note 2 for additional information. When used in these notes, the terms “Company,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” or “us” mean QuantRx Biomedical Corporation, a Nevada corporation, and its subsidiary.
 
Management Statement
 
The Company has not generated sufficient revenues from operations to meet its operating expenses. For this reason, the Company has historically financed its operations primarily through issuances of equity and the proceeds of debt instruments. In the past, the Company has also provided for its cash needs by issuing common stock, options and warrants for certain operating costs, including consulting and professional fees. 
 
The Company is currently negotiating additional funding, and has been successful obtaining funding in the past; however, it is not known whether the Company will be successful in its current funding efforts due in part to current external market conditions. Additionally, the Company is limited in its ability to issue additional debt instruments, due to certain limitations contained in the senior secured convertible notes and related agreements; however, the Company has been successful in obtaining all necessary waivers in the past.
 
8

 
While the Company believes that it will be able to obtain future financing on acceptable terms, if it is not successful in obtaining debt or equity financing, or if the Company is not permitted to obtain such financing by the terms of its existing agreements and financial instruments, the Company would need to expend significant efforts to find other short- and long-term sources of capital to meet its ongoing operating and business expenses. The Company is also focusing on opportunities to increase net sales while seeking to manage operating expenses in an attempt to preserve, as much as practical, its available cash resources. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient long-term or short-term capital resources on acceptable terms, the Company’s business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition would be materially and adversely harmed.
 
The Company believes that the successful growth and operation of its business is dependent upon its ability to do any or all of the following:
 
 
·
obtain adequate sources of debt or equity financing to pay operating expenses and fund long-term business operations;
 
 
·
manage or control working capital requirements by reducing operating expenses;
 
 
·
develop new and enhance existing relationships with product distributors and other points of distribution for the Company’s products; and
 
 
·
seek potential acquisitions that could be expected to generate positive cash flow for the Company upon acquisition, assuming appropriate financing structures are available on acceptable terms in order to effect such acquisitions.
 
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its long-term plans as set forth above, or that such plans, if consummated, will enable the Company to obtain profitable operations or continue in the long-term as a going concern.
 
1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Accounting for Share-Based Payments
 
QuantRx follows the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments.” SFAS No. 123(R) establishes the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges equity securities for services and requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of these awards over the requisite service period. QuantRx uses the Black-Scholes method in determining fair value. Accordingly, compensation cost has been recognized using the fair value method and expected term accrual requirements as prescribed in SFAS No. 123(R), which resulted in employee stock-based compensation expense of $322,978 and $809,145 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 (including $121,061 and $248,116 relating to subsidiary options), and $36,972 and $106,457, (including $4,459 and $8,971 relating to subsidiary options) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively.
 
9

 
Earnings per Share
 
The Company computes net income (loss) per common share in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Net income (loss) per share is based upon the weighted average number of outstanding common shares and the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, such as options and warrants to purchase common stock, convertible preferred stock and convertible notes, if applicable, that are outstanding. Basic and diluted earnings per share were the same at the reporting dates of the accompanying financial statements, as including common stock equivalents in the calculation of diluted earnings per share would have been antidilutive.
 
As of September 30, 2008, the Company had common stock options of 2,344,750, common stock warrants of 7,996,684, and convertible debt subject to conversion into 4,508,137 shares outstanding. The above options, warrants, and convertible securities were deemed to be antidilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
As of September 30, 2007, the Company had outstanding common stock options of 1,372,500 and common stock warrants of 6,757,383. The above options and warrants were deemed to be antidilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
 
Fair Value
 
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” In February 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157,” which provides a one year deferral of the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed in the financial statements at fair value at least annually. Therefore, the Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157 with respect to its financial assets and liabilities only. The adoption of SFAS No. 157 had no impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
 
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” SFAS No. 159 allows an entity the irrevocable option to elect to measure specified financial assets and liabilities in their entirety at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. If an entity elects the fair value option for an eligible item, changes in the item’s fair value must be reported as unrealized gains and losses in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. In adopting SFAS No. 159, we did not elect the fair value option for any of our financial assets or financial liabilities.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133”. This statement changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application permitted. The Company does not expect the implementation of this standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements at this time.
 
10

 
In June 2007, the FASB ratified the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) consensus on EITF 07-3, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities.” EITF 07-3 provides that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities should be capitalized and deferred. Such amounts should be recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed or such time when an entity does not expect the goods to be delivered or services to be performed. EITF 07-3 is effective for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2007. The adoption of EITF 07-3 has not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.
 
Reclassifications
 
Certain amounts from prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. This reclassification has resulted in no changes to the Company’s accumulated deficit or net losses presented.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 13, “Revenue Recognition” (Topic 13) and EITF 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured.
 
Revenue from licensing agreements is recognized based on the performance requirements of the agreement. Revenue is deferred for fees received before earned. Nonrefundable upfront fees that are not contingent on any future performance by us are recognized as revenue when revenue recognition criteria under Topic 13 and EITF 00-21 are met and the license term commences. Nonrefundable upfront fees, where we have an ongoing involvement or performance obligations, are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue over the life of the contract, the period of the performance obligation or the development period, whichever is appropriate in light of the circumstances.
 
Payments related to substantive, performance-based milestones in an agreement are recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the milestones as specified in the underlying agreements when they represent the culmination of the earnings process. Royalty revenue from licensed products will be recognized when earned in accordance with the terms of the license agreements.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the use of estimates and assumptions regarding certain types of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. Such estimates primarily relate to unsettled transactions and events as of the date of the financial statements and fair valuations of share-based payments. Actual results may differ from estimated amounts.
 
11

 
2.
Consolidation of FluoroPharma, Inc.
 
In March 2006, QuantRx purchased 1,096,170 shares of FluoroPharma common stock for a total purchase price of $1,566,023. Contemporaneously, QuantRx negotiated the purchase of an additional 300,000 shares from private investors for $429,000. In February 2007, QuantRx purchased an additional 200,000 shares from private investors for $286,000. On April 13, 2007, QuantRx and FluoroPharma closed the transactions contemplated by a “stage 2” investment agreement. Under the investment agreement, effective April 1, 2007, QuantRx purchased 627,058 shares of common stock of FluoroPharma for $1,250,000, consisting of (i) cash payments aggregating $741,178; and (ii) cancellation in full of two promissory notes issued by FluoroPharma in favor of QuantRx, in the aggregate principal amount of $500,000, and with accrued and unpaid interest of $8,822, for a total of $508,822. As a result of these equity purchases, QuantRx’s ownership in FluoroPharma exceeded 50%, requiring QuantRx to consolidate FluoroPharma. FluoroPharma, Inc. is a privately held molecular imaging company based in Boston, Massachusetts, engaged in the discovery, development, and commercialization of proprietary products for positron emission tomography. The investment in FluoroPharma is intended to strategically expand QuantRx’s diagnostic platforms.
 
As of September 30, 2008, QuantRx owned approximately 57.78% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of FluoroPharma. Effective April 1, 2007, FluoroPharma’s results of operations have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
The aggregate investment in FluoroPharma of $2,281,023 as of the date of consolidation, was accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting. Since FluoroPharma’s liabilities exceeded assets on the investment dates, each investment was recorded as equity method goodwill. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, equity method goodwill is not amortized or tested for impairment in accordance with this standard. QuantRx reviewed the equity method goodwill in accordance with APB Opinion No. 18 under which QuantRx would have recognized an impairment loss had there been a loss in the value of the equity method goodwill which was deemed to be other than a temporary decline. No impairment was recognized through March 31, 2007.
 
QuantRx did not account for the acquisition of FluoroPharma’s equity as a business combination since FluoroPharma is a development-stage enterprise and did not meet the definition of a business in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and EITF 98-3, “Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or of a Business.” As a result of the consolidation and pursuant to Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” effective April 1, 2007, QuantRx recognized previously unrecognized equity method losses relating to its investment in FluoroPharma of $829,648, attributable to 2006, as an adjustment to retained earnings, and $267,608, attributable to 2007, in the second quarter of 2007. These losses were previously unrecognized since APB No. 18 stipulated that the entire investment be treated as equity method goodwill with no equity method loss recognition.
 
12

 
QuantRx’s aggregate investment in the equity of FluoroPharma of $3,531,023 was reduced at April 1, 2007, by the $1,097,256 in previously unrecognized equity method losses required to be recorded upon consolidation in accordance with ARB No. 51. The remaining investment balance of $2,433,767 at April 1, 2007, has been allocated upon consolidation based on fair value estimates as follows:
 
Cash
 
$
764,223
 
Prepaid expenses
   
99,980
 
Property and equipment
   
62,802
 
Intangible assets
   
2,134,783
 
Current liabilities
   
(352,733
)
Minority interests
   
(275,288
)
   
$
2,433,767
 
 
Acquired intangibles primarily consist of licensed patent rights and technology licenses and are estimated to have a weighted average life of 15 years. Amortization expense related to these intangibles for the three and nine months ending September 30, 2008, was $38,015 and $114,045, respectively, and was $38,015 and $76,030 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
 
Minority interests of $275,288 at April 1, 2007, resulted from the consolidation of FluoroPharma reflecting the interests held by third parties of FluoroPharma. Since acquisition, and as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the portion of FluoroPharma’s losses attributable to the minority interest have been recorded, reducing the minority interest to zero.
 
In the first two quarters of 2008 and the third and fourth quarters of 2007, QuantRx advanced an aggregate of $900,000 ($300,000 in 2008 and $600,000 in 2007) to FluoroPharma through eight short-term convertible promissory notes. Additionally, QuantRx advanced $457,100 as of September 30, 2008. These advances, notes and accrued interest ($65,066 as of September 30, 2008 and $14,252 as of December 31, 2007) were eliminated in consolidation.
 
Under the initial investment agreement with FluoroPharma, QuantRx has the option to acquire additional shares of FluoroPharma through a series of staged investments. Such staged investments will take the form of cash at increasing valuations upon FluoroPharma’s achievement of certain milestones with respect to the successful completion of Phase I and Phase II FDA trials for certain compounds being developed by FluoroPharma. The final staged investment to wholly acquire FluoroPharma will be settled in QuantRx’s common stock. Any subsequent investment in FluoroPharma by QuantRx will be consummated pursuant to the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in separate definitive agreements.
 
In connection with the initial investment, QuantRx received an option to purchase an additional 260,000 shares of FluoroPharma common stock at an exercise price of $0.75. FluoroPharma has outstanding common stock equivalents which, if exercised together with the Company’s option and convertible notes, would reduce the Company’s ownership percentage to approximately 52.15% on a fully diluted and as converted basis as of September 30, 2008.
 
13

 
3.
Other Balance Sheet Information
 
Components of selected captions in the accompanying balance sheets consist of:  
 
   
September 30,
2008
 
December 31,
2007
 
Prepaid expenses:
          
Prepaid consulting
 
$
54,509
 
$
159,410
 
Prepaid consulting - related party
   
8,770
   
17,377
 
Prepaid insurance
   
56,624
   
31,829
 
Prepaid interest
   
10,238
   
 
Prepaid rent
   
5,310
   
5,310
 
Other
   
5,822
   
13,096
 
Prepaid expenses
 
$
141,273
 
$
227,022
 
               
Deferred financing costs:
             
Deferred financing costs
 
$
190,750
 
$
135,000
 
Less: accumulated amortization
   
(122,526
)
 
(27,493
)
Deferred financing costs, net
 
$
68,224
 
$
107,507
 
               
Property and equipment:
             
Computers and office furniture, fixtures and equipment
 
$
149,205
 
$
148,141
 
Machinery and equipment
   
268,768
   
252,681
 
Leasehold improvements
   
92,233
   
92,233
 
Less: accumulated depreciation
   
(180,997
)
 
(101,335
)
Property and equipment, net
 
$
329,209
 
$
391,720
 
               
Accrued expenses:
             
Professional fees
 
$
66,200
 
$
72,050
 
Payroll and related
   
107,250
   
 
Clinical trials
   
   
110,833
 
Accrued interest
   
25,215
   
 
Other
   
77,700
   
50,400
 
Accrued expenses
 
$
276,365
 
$
233,283
 
               
Short-term convertible notes payable, net:
             
Short-term convertible notes payable
 
$
2,254,069
 
$
1,000,000
 
Less: discount for warrants and conversion feature, net
   
(251,667
)
 
(204,524
)
Short-term convertible notes payable, net
 
$
2,002,402
 
$
795,476
 
               
Short-term promissory notes payable, net:
             
Secured promissory notes payable
 
$
450,000
 
$
 
Unsecured promissory notes payable
   
1,000,000
   
 
Less: discount for common stock and warrants, net
   
(103,758
)
 
 
Short-term promissory notes payable, net
 
$
1,346,242
 
$
 
 
14

 
4.
Notes Receivable
 
Genomics USA, Inc.
 
In January 2007, QuantRx advanced $200,000 to Genomics USA, Inc. (GUSA) through an 8% promissory note due April 8, 2007. The note is currently convertible at QuantRx’s discretion into 10% of GUSA’s outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted and as converted basis. QuantRx is continues to explore the possibility of further investment, and has postponed settlement of the note during this exploratory period, during which the note continues to accrue interest. QuantRx accrued interest of $12,040, and $15,649 on this note for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. GUSA, a privately held Illinois corporation, is a technology company focused on the development of Micro-Array Detection for DNA. This technology may strategically expand QuantRx’s diagnostic platforms. See Note 5 for additional information on GUSA.
 
Rockland Technimed, Ltd.
 
In April 2006, QuantRx advanced $200,000 to Rockland Technimed, Ltd. (Rockland) through a 7% convertible promissory note due twelve months from the date of issuance. Rockland, a privately held Delaware corporation, is a development stage company focused on the research and development of tissue viability imaging diagnostics using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. QuantRx accrued interest of $4,083 during the year ended December 31, 2007. The note is convertible at QuantRx’s discretion into 20% of Rockland’s outstanding capital stock on a fully diluted and as converted basis to satisfy the note and accrued interest. QuantRx ceased accruing interest as of the maturity date and established an allowance for bad debt in the amount equal to the principal balance and accrued interest, $214,000, as the Company attempts to resolve this matter.
 
5.
Investments
 
Genomics USA, Inc.
 
In May 2006, QuantRx purchased 144,024 shares of GUSA common stock for $200,000. As of September 30, 2008, QuantRx owned approximately 10% of the issued and outstanding capital stock of GUSA.
 
QuantRx uses the cost method to account for this investment since QuantRx does not control nor have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. In accordance with the cost method, the investment is recorded at cost and impairment is considered in accordance with the Company’s impairment policy. No impairment was recognized as of September 30, 2008.
 
15

 
6.
Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets as of the balance sheet dates consisted of the following: 
 
   
September 30,
2008
 
December 31,
2007
 
Licensed patents and patent rights
 
$
2,197,020
 
$
2,168,305
 
Patents
   
82,008
   
82,008
 
Technology license
   
22,517
   
22,517
 
Website development
   
49,711
   
49,111
 
Less: accumulated amortization
   
(294,260
)
 
(159,716
)
Intangibles, net
 
$
2,056,996
 
$
2,162,225
 
 
The Company’s intangible assets are carried at the legal cost to obtain them. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight line method over the estimated useful life. Useful lives are as follows: licensed patents and patent rights, eight to 15 years; patents, 17 years; technology license, five years; and website development costs, three years. Amortization expense totaled $44,901 and $134,544 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and $44,209 and $88,666 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. Impairment will be considered in accordance with the Company’s impairment policy. No impairment was recognized as of September 30, 2008.
 
7.
Deferred Revenue
 
Synova Healthcare, Inc.
 
On July 7, 2006 (the effective date), QuantRx and Synova Healthcare, Inc. (Synova) entered into a distribution agreement pursuant to which Synova would act as the exclusive distributor of specified hemorrhoid products of QuantRx in the United States. The initial term of the agreement was to commence on the effective date and, unless sooner terminated as provided in the agreement, was to continue in effect for a period of five years following the month in which Synova made its first shipment of products to its initial customers. Management estimated the effective term of the agreement to be six years from the effective date.
 
QuantRx received an up-front, non-refundable payment of $500,000 upon execution of the distribution agreement, which was recorded as deferred revenue and was amortized into revenue over the expected term of the agreement, which was six years. QuantRx recognized revenue of $20,833 and $62,500 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. In December 2007, in accordance with the terms of the distribution agreement, QuantRx delivered notice of termination of the agreement and recognized the remaining deferred revenue at that time.
 
CytoCore, Inc.
 
On May 19, 2008, QuantRx and CytoCore, Inc. (CytoCore) entered into a worldwide distribution and supply agreement for specified PAD technology of QuantRx. The agreement specifies monthly license fees during CytoCore’s expected development period and additional milestone payments based upon CytoCore’s achievement of certain development and sales milestones.
 
16

 
QuantRx received an up-front, non-refundable payment of $100,000 upon execution of this agreement, which was recorded as deferred revenue and is being amortized into revenue over the expected development period of the agreement, which is estimated as 18 months. QuantRx recognized revenue of $33,335 and $55,337 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 related to this agreement.
 
8.
Portland Development Commission
 
In February 2007, QuantRx received a $44,000 loan from the Portland Development Commission. The loan matures in 20 years and is interest free through March 1, 2010 and no payments are due until April 1, 2010. The terms of the promissory note stipulate that the interest rate will accrue beginning in March 1, 2010 at an annual rate between 1% and 8.5% based upon the level of compliance with certain employment milestones beginning in 2008.
 
Additionally, QuantRx received a $14,000 grant for qualified expenditures related to its research facility. QuantRx satisfied the grant terms and recorded the grant as other income in the first quarter of 2007.
 
9.
Notes Payable
 
2007 Convertible Notes
 
On October 16, 2007, QuantRx completed a private placement of 10% senior secured convertible notes (the “2007 Notes”) and warrants to purchase shares of QuantRx’s common stock. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,000,000 and warrants to purchase 250,000 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.25 (relative fair value of $134,454). Proceeds of the financing were used for general corporate purposes. The notes and the warrants were offered only to certain private accredited investors.
 
In the first quarter of 2008, the 2007 Notes were exchanged for 2008 Senior Secured Convertible Notes (the “2008 Notes”) resulting in a loss on extinguishment, as described below under “2008 Senior Secured Convertible Notes.”
 
The 2007 Notes were automatically convertible into shares of QuantRx common stock upon completion of a “qualified” equity financing (or financings) with aggregate gross proceeds of at least $3,000,000. Under the terms of the 2007 Notes, holders would have been deemed to have tendered 115% of their aggregate outstanding principal balance and accrued interest for purchase of securities in the qualified equity financing, entitling the holders to all rights afforded to purchasers in such financing (“contingent embedded conversion option”). Alternatively, the 2007 Notes allowed the holders to convert their outstanding principal and accrued interest into common stock at a price of $0.80 per common share (“embedded conversion option”). Either conversion would have resulted in the satisfaction of all of QuantRx’s obligations under the 2007 Notes.
 
In accordance with APB Opinion No. 14, “Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants,” QuantRx allocated $134,454 of the principal amount of the 2007 Notes to the warrants as original issue discount, which represented the relative fair value of the warrants at the date of issuance.
 
17

 
The conversion option embedded in the 2007 Notes described above was not considered a derivative instrument and was not required to be bifurcated pursuant to the scope exception in paragraph 11(a) of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” since it was indexed to QuantRx’s stock and was classified as stockholders’ equity. Equity classification of the embedded conversion option was met through the requirements of EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock,” paragraphs 12-32. QuantRx also concluded, pursuant to EITF 00-27, “Application of Issue 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments,” that while the embedded conversion option was not required to be bifurcated, the instruments did contain a beneficial conversion feature, as the share prices on the dates of issuance exceeded the effective conversion price of the embedded conversion option. QuantRx measured the intrinsic value of the embedded conversion option ($97,164) based upon the effective conversion price, which is defined by EITF 00-27 as the allocated proceeds divided by the number of shares to be received on conversion. This amount was recorded as original issue discount.
 
The contingent conversion option embedded in the 2007 Notes qualified as an embedded contingent conversion option in accordance with EITF 98-5 and 00-27 since execution was contingent upon a qualified equity financing and was not within the control of QuantRx. The intrinsic value of the contingent embedded conversion option was not recognized because the 2007 Notes were exchanged and satisfied in full.
 
In connection with the 2007 Notes, certain warrants that were previously issued to the holders were modified by reducing their exercise price from $1.50 to $0.75. The incremental fair value of this modification, accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), was $30,000, while the relative fair value was calculated to be $25,210 and was recorded as additional original issue discount.
 
In association with the issuance of the 2007 Notes, QuantRx issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share valued at $65,000 to the placement agent, and also incurred cash commissions of $70,000 in connection with the private placement resulting in total deferred debt offering cost of $135,000.
 
The fair value of the warrants issued to placement agents and the cash commissions have been recorded as deferred financing costs. The total original issue discount related to the warrants issued to the investors, the modified warrants and the beneficial conversion feature, and the deferred financing costs were being amortized to interest expense over the original term of the 2007 Notes in accordance with EITF 00-27, paragraph 19. Interest expense for 2008 through the date of extinguishment, including amortization of original issue discount and deferred financing costs, related to the 2007 Notes was $29,832. The remaining unamortized debt discount of $189,101 and deferred financing costs of $99,399 were included in the loss on extinguishment of debt in the first quarter of 2008 upon the exchange of the 2007 Notes into the 2008 Notes; see below.
 
2008 Senior Secured Convertible Notes 
 
 In the first quarter of 2008, the Company completed a $2.16 million private placement with certain accredited investors through the issuance of 10% senior secured convertible notes (the “2008 Notes”) and warrants. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2,157,247 and warrants with a five-year term to purchase 250,000 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.25. The warrants provide for full anti-dilution protection to the holders and allow for cashless exercise.
 
18

 
The 2008 Notes are automatically convertible into shares of QuantRx common stock upon completion of a “qualified” equity financing (or financings) with aggregate gross proceeds of at least $5,660,000 (amount to be reduced by the 2008 Notes, up to a maximum of $2,250,000). Under the terms of the 2008 Notes, holders will be deemed to have tendered 115% of their aggregate outstanding principal balance and accrued and unpaid interest for the purchase of securities in the qualified equity financing, entitling the holders to all rights afforded to purchasers in such financing (“contingent embedded conversion option”). Alternatively, the 2008 Notes allow the holders to convert their outstanding principal and accrued interest into common stock at a price of $0.50 per common share (“embedded conversion option”). Either conversion would result in the satisfaction of all of QuantRx’s obligations under the 2008 Notes.
 
In the event QuantRx does not complete a qualified financing and holders do not voluntarily convert, QuantRx must repay the outstanding principal balance and accrued and unpaid interest on January 23, 2009. Interest on the outstanding principal amount of the 2008 Notes is payable quarterly in cash or, at the holders’ option, in additional 10% senior secured convertible notes with a principal amount equal to the calculated interest amount. QuantRx has the right to prepay the 2008 Notes at 106% of face value and 100% of accrued interest by providing ten days notice. In connection with the financing QuantRx entered into 1) a stock pledge agreement, pursuant to which QuantRx granted to the holders a continuing and perfected first priority security interest in certain equity securities owned by QuantRx of two private companies and specified rights and interests associated with the pledged shares, as well as 2) a patent, trademark and copyright security agreement, pursuant to which QuantRx granted to the holders a continuing and perfected first priority security interest in all of its owned or acquired patents, trademarks and copyrights and specified intellectual property and related rights and interests associated therewith. If an event of default occurs under the 2008 Notes, the holders have agreed not to take any action with respect to the collateral for 120 days after the holders provide QuantRx with notice of the holders’ proposed action. The stock pledge agreement and the patent, trademark and copyright security agreement, and the security interests created thereby, will terminate upon QuantRx’s satisfaction in full of its payment obligations under the 2008 Notes. In connection with the 2008 Notes, QuantRx may not issue any new indebtedness while at least 50% of the original principal amount of the notes remains outstanding without the consent of holders of at least 75% of the principal amount of the then outstanding notes.
 
In connection with the financing and in accordance with the terms of the 2007 Notes, the holders representing $1,000,000 face value of QuantRx’s 2007 Notes exchanged their notes at 115% of the outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest as payment toward the purchase price of the 2008 Notes purchased by such holders. Accordingly, the Company issued notes in the financing in the aggregate principal balance of $1,157,247 to the former holders upon their surrender of the 2007 Notes. In the aggregate, the Company received gross cash proceeds of $1,000,000 in connection with the issuance of the 2008 Notes.
 
QuantRx used the net proceeds from the offering for product development, working capital and general corporate purposes.
 
19

 
 QuantRx has determined that the terms of the 2008 Notes are “substantially different”, as described in EITF Issue No. 96-19, “Debtor’s Accounting for a Modification or Exchange of Debt Instruments”, from the terms of the 2007 Notes based on the greater than 10% change in the present value of the cash flows associated with the 2008 Notes and the 2007 Notes. As a result, the Company recorded the 2008 Notes issued in exchange for the 2007 Notes at fair value on the date of issuance and recorded a loss on extinguishment of $439,445, which includes $189,101 and $99,399 representing the remaining unamortized debt discount and deferred finance costs related to the 2007 Notes, respectively. In accordance with EITF Issue No. 98-5, “Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios”, the Company also remeasured the intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature embedded in the 2007 Notes at the time of extinguishment and determined that it had no value as the closing stock price on the date of extinguishment was less than the effective conversion price; therefore no allocation of the reacquisition price for the repurchase of the beneficial conversion feature embedded in the 2007 Notes was required. Additionally, there were no warrants issued to the holders of the 2007 Notes related to their exchange of 2007 Notes for 2008 Notes.
 
 The cash proceeds from the 2008 Notes of $1,000,000 were allocated between the notes and the warrants on a relative fair value basis in accordance with APB Opinion No. 14, “Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants.” QuantRx allocated $122,035 of the principal amount of $1,000,000 to the warrants as original issue discount, which represented the relative fair value of the warrants at the date of issuance.
 
Like the 2007 Notes, the conversion option embedded in the 2008 Notes described above is not considered a derivative instrument and is not required to be bifurcated pursuant to the scope exception in paragraph 11(a) of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” since it is indexed to QuantRx’s stock and is classified as stockholders’ equity. Equity classification of the embedded conversion option is met through the requirements of EITF 00-19, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock,” paragraphs 12-32. QuantRx also concluded, pursuant to EITF 00-27, “Application of Issue 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments,” that while the embedded conversion option is not required to be bifurcated, the instruments do contain a beneficial conversion feature, as the share prices on the dates of issuance exceeded the effective conversion price of the embedded conversion option. QuantRx measured the intrinsic value of the embedded conversion option ($647,760) based upon the effective conversion price, which is defined by EITF 00-27 as the allocated proceeds divided by the number of shares to be received on conversion. This amount was recorded as original issue discount.
 
The contingent conversion option embedded in the 2008 Notes qualifies as an embedded contingent conversion option in accordance with EITF 98-5 and 00-27 since execution is contingent upon a qualified equity financing and is not within the control of QuantRx. The intrinsic value of the contingent embedded conversion option will not be recognized until and unless such financing occurs (the triggering event); which will then enable QuantRx to measure the intrinsic value associated with the automatic conversion feature.
 
In association with the issuance of the 2008 Notes, QuantRx issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share valued at $55,750 to the placement agent, and also incurred cash commissions of $70,000 and legal fees of $7,500 in connection with the private placement, resulting in total deferred debt financing costs of $133,250.
 
20

 
 
The fair value of the warrants issued to placement agents and the cash commissions and legal fees have been recorded as deferred financing costs. The total original issue discount related to the warrants issued to the investors, the beneficial conversion feature, and the deferred financing costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2008 Notes in accordance with EITF 00-27, paragraph 19. QuantRx recorded $291,679 and $752,962 in interest expense, including amortization of original issue discount and deferred financing costs, related to the 2008 Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. As of September 30, 2008, the Company issued two 2008 Notes in the aggregate amount of $96,822 pursuant to one holder’s election to receive quarterly interest in the form of paid-in-kind notes.
 
2008 Short-term Secured Promissory Notes Payable 
 
In the second quarter of 2008, the Company commenced a private placement to certain accredited investors through the issuance of 8% senior secured promissory notes (the “2008 Secured Promissory Notes”). The private placement closed in the third quarter of 2008. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued notes in the aggregate principal amount of $550,000, and an aggregate of 137,500 shares of common stock and warrants with a five-year term to purchase 137,500 shares of common stock warrants at a per share exercise price of $0.85. The warrants provide for full anti-dilution protection to the holders and allow for cashless exercise. The 2008 Secured Promissory Notes were due on September 15, 2008, along with all accrued and unpaid interest. QuantRx used the net proceeds from the offering for product development, working capital and general corporate purposes.
 
In connection with the financing QuantRx entered into 1) a stock pledge agreement, pursuant to which QuantRx granted to the holders a continuing and perfected first priority security interest in certain equity securities owned by QuantRx of two private companies and specified rights and interests associated with the pledged shares, as well as 2) a patent, trademark and copyright security agreement, pursuant to which QuantRx granted to the holders a continuing and perfected first priority security interest in all of its owned or acquired patents, trademarks and copyrights and specified intellectual property and related rights and interests associated therewith. If an event of default occurs under the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes, the holders have agreed not to take any action with respect to the collateral for 120 days after the holders provide QuantRx with notice of the holders’ proposed action. The stock pledge agreement and the patent, trademark and copyright security agreement, and the security interests created thereby, will terminate upon QuantRx’s satisfaction in full of its payment obligations under the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes.
 
 The cash proceeds from the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes of $550,000 were allocated between the notes, common stock and warrants on a relative fair value basis. QuantRx allocated $79,806 and $58,050 of the principal amount of $550,000 to the common stock and warrants as original issue discount, which represented the relative fair values of each at the date of issuance.
 
In association with the issuance of the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes, QuantRx issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at $0.85 per share valued at $64,000 to the placement agent, and also incurred cash commissions of $55,000 in connection with the private placement resulting in total deferred debt offering cost of $119,000.
 
The fair value of the warrants issued to placement agents and the cash commissions have been recorded as deferred financing costs. The total original issue discount related to the common stock and warrants issued to the investors and the deferred financing costs are being amortized to interest expense over the original term of the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes in accordance with EITF 00-27, paragraph 19.
 
21

 
On the original maturity date, September 15, 2008, one note for $100,000 was settled in full and the Company negotiated monthly extensions of one to three months on the remaining notes. As a result of this negotiation, in consideration for each month’s extensions, QuantRx will grant an aggregate of 22,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 22,500 shares of common stock with a five year term for $0.85. At September 15, 2008, QuantRx granted an aggregate of 22,500 shares of common stock (fair value $11,475) and warrants to purchase 22,500 shares of common stock (fair value $9,000) which extended the maturity of the remaining outstanding 2008 Secured Promissory Notes and related accrued interest to October 15, 2008. The consideration for the extension was recognized as prepaid interest and is being amortized over the extension period.
 
In the aggregate, QuantRx recorded $246,366 and $278,007 in interest expense, including amortization of original issue discount, deferred financing costs and prepaid interest, related to the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. See also Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
2008 Short-term Unsecured Promissory Notes Payable
 
In August 2008, the Company completed a private placement to certain accredited investors through the issuance of 8% promissory notes (the “2008 Promissory Notes”). In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,000,000, and an aggregate of 250,000 shares of common stock and warrants with a five-year term to purchase 250,000 shares of common stock at a per share exercise price of $0.85. The warrants provide for full anti-dilution protection to the holders and allow for cashless exercise. The 2008 Promissory Notes are due on October 31, 2008, along with all accrued and unpaid interest. QuantRx used the net proceeds from the offering for product development, working capital and general corporate purposes.
 
 The net cash proceeds from the 2008 Promissory Notes were $942,500. QuantRx allocated $132,827 and $108,159 of the principal amount of $1,000,000 to the common stock and warrants as original issue discount, which represented the relative fair values of each at the date of issuance.
 
In association with the issuance of the 2008 Promissory Notes, QuantRx incurred cash commissions and legal fees of $57,500, which were recorded as deferred financing costs.
 
The total original issue discount related to the common stock and warrants issued to the investors and the deferred financing costs are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2008 Promissory Notes in accordance with EITF 00-27, paragraph 19. QuantRx recorded $178,958 in interest expense, including amortization of original issue discount and deferred financing costs, related to the 2008 Promissory Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
22

 
10.
Preferred Stock
 
The Company has authorized 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 9,750,000 are designated Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value. The remaining 15,250,000 authorized preferred shares have not yet been designated by the Company. The Company had no issued and outstanding preferred stock at September 30, 2008 or December 31, 2007.
 
11.
Common Stock, Options and Warrants
 
On September 15, 2008, the Company negotiated extensions on certain of the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes. In consideration for the first month’s extensions, QuantRx granted an aggregate of 22,500 shares of common stock (fair value $11,475) and 22,500 warrants to purchase common stock with a five year term for $0.85 (fair value $9,000).
 
In August 2008, QuantRx completed a private placement of 8% promissory notes, common stock, and warrants to purchase shares of QuantRx’s common stock. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued 250,000 shares of common stock (with a relative fair value of $132,827) and warrants with a five-year term to purchase 250,000 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.85 (with a relative fair value of $108,159). The notes, common stock and warrants were offered only to certain private accredited investors.
 
On August 18, 2008, the Company issued a warrant in consideration of a three month consulting and investor relations services agreement. The warrant has a term of five years and represents the right to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.25. The fair value of this warrant was calculated to be $22,400 and will be expensed over the term of the agreement.
 
In the second and third quarters of 2008, QuantRx conducted a private placement of 8% promissory notes, common stock and warrants to purchase shares of QuantRx’s common stock. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued 137,500 shares of common stock (with a relative fair value of $79,806) along with warrants with a five-year term to purchase 137,500 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.85 (with a relative fair value of $58,050). The notes, common stock and warrants were offered only to certain private accredited investors. At the commencement of the financing, in June 2008, QuantRx issued warrants for services to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at $0.85 per share valued at $64,000.
 
In April 2008, QuantRx completed a limited warrant exercise inducement targeting large warrant holders who have expressed an interest to participate. The inducement was a reduction in the exercise price from $1.50 to $0.70 to a limited number of warrant holders who acquired the warrants in conjunction with prior common stock purchases. An aggregate of 241,699 common stock warrants were exercised and exchanged for 241,699 shares of our common stock for total proceeds of $169,189.
 
In April 2008, the Company issued common stock warrants with a five year term in consideration of a financial advisory and investor relations consulting services agreement. The warrant represents the right to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.89 and vests ratably each month over a one year term. The fair value of the warrant was calculated to be $148,000 on grant date, and shall be remeasured during the vesting term as required. Consulting expense related to the issuance of these warrants was $10,750 and $35,750 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
23

 
In April 2008, the Company issued common stock warrants with a five year term to purchase 25,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.35. The warrants were issued as payment for technical advisory services related to medical diagnostics. The fair value of these warrants was calculated to be $16,250, and will be expensed over a one year term. Consulting expense related to the issuance of these warrants was $4,096 and $7,480 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
In the first quarter of 2008, QuantRx completed a private placement of 10% senior secured convertible notes and warrants to purchase shares of QuantRx’s common stock. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued warrants with a five-year term to purchase 250,000 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.25. The notes and the warrants were offered only to certain private accredited investors. In association with the issuance of these convertible notes, QuantRx issued warrants for services to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share valued at $55,750.
 
On October 16, 2007, QuantRx completed a private placement of 10% convertible notes and warrants to purchase shares of QuantRx’s common stock. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued warrants with a five-year term to purchase 250,000 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.25. The notes and the warrants were offered only to certain private accredited investors. In association with the issuance of these convertible notes, QuantRx issued warrants for services to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share valued at $65,000.
 
Throughout 2007, the Company issued an aggregate of 14,000 common stock warrants with five-year terms and exercise prices equal to the market price on the dates of grant (varying between $0.61 to $1.15). These warrants were in consideration of business development consulting services. The fair value of these warrants was calculated to be $11,160, which was expensed in 2007.
 
In the third quarter of 2007, QuantRx initiated a limited warrant exercise inducement targeting certain large warrant holders. The inducement was a reduction in the exercise price from $1.50 to $0.75 to a limited number of accredited investors holding warrants acquired in conjunction with prior common stock purchases. As a result of this inducement, 751,001 common stock warrants were exercised and exchanged for 751,001 shares of our common stock for aggregate gross proceeds of $563,251. In connection with the exercise of these warrants, QuantRx paid cash commissions to Legend Merchant, Inc. of $16,429.
 
In the third quarter of 2007, 38,100 common stock warrants were exercised and exchanged for 38,100 shares of our common stock resulting in proceeds to the Company of $20,955. The exercise price for these warrants was $0.55.
 
On April 30, 2007, the Company issued a warrant in consideration of financial advisory and public relations consulting services performed through April 30, 2007. The warrant has a term of five years and represents the right to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.20. The fair value of this warrant was calculated to be $31,800 and was expensed in 2007.
 
24

 
On April 16, 2007, the Company issued a warrant in consideration of a financial advisory and investor relations consulting services agreement with an initial one year term. The original agreement was modified June 20, 2007. The original warrant had a term of five years and represented the right to purchase 350,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.35 and vested ratably each month over the initial one year term. The fair value of the original warrant was calculated to be $420,000. On June 20, 2007, the agreement was modified and the original warrant was cancelled. The warrant issued upon modification of the agreement has the same terms as the originally issued warrant other than it represents the right to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.95, which was the closing price on the modification date. The fair value of the modified warrant was calculated to be $126,000 on the modification date, and was remeasured during the vesting term as required. The final remeasurement of the fair value of these warrants on April 15, 2008 resulted in a reduction to previously recorded consulting expense of $14,875 in the second quarter of 2008. Consulting expense related to these warrants was $0 and $5,437 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008.
 
On April 16, 2007, the Company issued common stock warrants with a five year term to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.35. The warrants were issued as payment for technical advisory services related to medical diagnostics. The fair value of these warrants was calculated to be $60,000, and was expensed over the initial year of the agreement. QuantRx recorded $0 and $17,377 in consulting expense related to these warrants in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, and $15,082 and $27,451 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.
 
On March 1, 2007, QuantRx completed a private placement of 3,532,500 shares of common stock and warrants with a five-year term valued at $1,243,087 to purchase an aggregate of 1,059,750 shares of common stock at $1.50 per share to accredited investors for gross proceeds of $3,532,500 in cash. The Company issued warrants with a seven-year term to purchase 194,250 shares of common stock at $1.00 per share valued at $277,778, and paid cash commissions of $155,400 in connection with the private placement to Legend Merchant Inc., and an additional $2,104 for related legal services.
 
In the first quarter of 2007, QuantRx issued 200,000 common stock warrants with a five-year term to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50. The warrants were issued pursuant to a financial advisory services agreement, and the fair value of $250,000 for these warrants was expensed over the service term of four months.
 
2007 Incentive and Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan
 
Pursuant to SFAS 123(R), the fair value of options granted under the Company’s 2007 Incentive and Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan is recorded as compensation expense over the vesting period, or, for performance based awards, the expected service term. Total compensation cost related to QuantRx’s employee options was $201,917 and $32,513 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $561,029 and $97,540 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Compensation cost related to QuantRx’s non-employee options was $833 and $7,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. No options were granted in the nine months ended September 30, 2007.
 
25

 
In the first quarter of 2008, an aggregate of 528,000 qualified common stock options were granted to employees and 25,000 non-qualified stock options were granted to certain consultants and issued from the Company’s 2007 Incentive and Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan. The options were issued with an exercise price of $0.80, and have a term of ten years. The options vest monthly over one year. The fair value of these options is $420,280.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2007, 6,250 non-qualified common stock options were granted to a member of the board of directors and issued from the Company’s Incentive and Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan. The options were issued with an exercise price of $0.69, have a term of five years and vested immediately. The fair value of these options is $3,813.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2007, a total of 413,000 qualified common stock options were granted to employees and issued from the Company’s Incentive and Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan. The options were issued with an exercise price of $0.85, and have a term of ten years. The options vest monthly over one year. The fair value of these options is $342,790.
 
12.
Related Party Transactions
 
In August 2008, in connection with a debt financing, QuantRx incurred cash commissions of $50,000 to Burnham Hill Partners, of which a beneficial owner of more than 5% of QuantRx common stock is a managing member. Burnham Hill Partners was the placement agent for the debt financing. These commissions are outstanding as of September 30, 2008.
 
On June 16, 2008, in connection with a debt financing, QuantRx issued warrants with a five-year term valued at $64,000 to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock at $0.85 per share to Burnham Hill Partners. Burnham Hill Partners was the placement agent for the debt financing. Additionally, cash commissions of $55,000 are due to Burnham Hill Partners for its role as placement agent in the transaction as of September 30, 2008.
 
In the first quarter of 2008, in connection with a debt financing, QuantRx issued warrants with a five-year term valued at $55,750 to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share to Burnham Hill Partners. Burnham Hill Partners was the placement agent for the debt financing. Additionally, cash commissions of $70,000 are due to Burnham Hill Partners for its role as placement agent in the transaction as of September 30, 2008.
 
An executive officer of our majority-owned subsidiary, who is also a beneficial owner of approximately 25% of the subsidiary’s outstanding shares, was due $20,000 for licensing fees related to patent license agreements, $84,037 for advances to fund general operating expenses and $97,500 for accrued payroll as of September 30, 2008, of which $104,037 was included in accounts payable and $97,500 was included in accrued expenses. At December 31, 2007, $20,155 was included in accounts payable, of which $20,000 related to licensing fees.
 
In October 2007, in connection with a debt financing, QuantRx issued warrants with a five-year term valued at $65,000 to purchase an aggregate of 100,000 shares of common stock at $1.10 per share to Burnham Hill Partners. Burnham Hill Partners was the placement agent for the debt financing. Additionally, cash commissions of $70,000 were incurred for Burnham Hill Partners for its role as placement agent in the transaction, of which $50,000 was paid in the third quarter of 2008, and $20,000 remains outstanding as of September 30, 2008.
 
26

 
On March 9, 2007, the Company issued 200,000 common stock warrants with a five year term to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50. The warrants were issued as payment pursuant to a financial advisory services agreement with Burnham Hill Partners. The fair value of these warrants was calculated to be $250,000 and was expensed over the four month service term. Additionally, cash compensation of $200,000 was paid pursuant to the terms of the agreement and was also expensed over the four month service term.
 
A member of the Company’s board of directors served as a consultant to the Company on various business, strategic, and technical issues. Fees paid and expensed for these services by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 were $20,000 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 were $12,000 and $36,000, respectively.
 
13.
Commitments and Contingencies
 
Operating Leases
 
QuantRx leases office space and research and development lab space under operating leases that expire at various times through 2011. Some of these leases contain cancellation clauses, subject to a termination fee, and include allocations for common expenses subject to future adjustment. Rent expense related to operating leases was approximately $30,689 and $90,689 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, and $29,945 and $89,039 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. In connection with some of these facility leases, the Company has made security deposits totaling $10,310, which are included in long-term assets in the balance sheet. Future minimum lease obligations, inclusive of potential termination fees, for operating leases as of September 30, 2008 are estimated as follows:
 
Remainder of 2008
 
$
31,356
 
2009
   
101,563
 
2010
   
57,240
 
2011
   
43,875
 
Total minimum payments
 
$
234,034
 
 
In February 2007, the Company began subleasing research and development lab space under the noncancellable operating leases. The sublease can be terminated upon ninety days notice by either party, and a $2,000 security deposit is being held by QuantRx pursuant to the terms of the lease. Sublease income was $5,786 and $17,746 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and $6,224 and $14,509 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively, and is recorded in other income.
 
Executive Employment Contracts
 
The Company has an employment contract with a key Company executive that provides for the continuation of salary to the executive if terminated for reasons other than cause, as defined in those agreements. At September 30, 2008, the future employment contract commitment for such key executive based on this termination clause was approximately $240,000.
 
27

 
14.
Subsequent Events
 
2008 Senior Secured Convertible Notes
 
In the fourth quarter of 2008, the holder of aggregate principal $2,004,069 Senior Secured Convertible Notes agreed to extend the maturity date from January 23, 2009 to July 31, 2009, and invested an additional $200,000 in a note with substantially the same terms as the original Senior Secured Convertible Notes. In connection with this note, the holder was issued 50,000 warrants (fair value $40,000) with a term of five years and an exercise price of $0.55. Additionally, in connection with the issuance, the exercise price on 437,500 previously issued warrants was revised from $1.25 to $0.55, and 375,000 previously issued warrants was revised to $0.75 to $0.55.
 
2008 Secured Promissory Notes
 
QuantRx executed an extension with a holder of a $100,000 2008 Secured Promissory Note as of October 15, 2008, extending the maturity date to September 15, 2009. In consideration for this extension, QuantRx granted 75,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $22,500, which will be expensed over the term of the extension.
 
On October 15, 2008, QuantRx executed the second stage of a three month extension of 2008 Secured Promissory Notes with an aggregate principal of $150,000. In consideration for this stage, QuantRx granted an aggregate of 7,500 shares of common stock (fair value $2,250) and warrants to purchase 7,500 shares of common stock (fair value $1,650) with a five year term for $0.85; the fair values of which will be expensed over the term of these extensions. The third stage of these extensions will extend maturities through December 15, 2008.
 
QuantRx executed an extension with a holder of a $200,000 2008 Secured Promissory Note as of October 15, 2008, extending the maturity dates as follows: $50,000 and related accrued interest due October 31, 2008; $50,000 and related accrued interest due November 30, 2008; $100,000 and related accrued interest due December 31, 2008. In consideration for this extension, QuantRx granted 20,000 shares of common stock (fair value $6,000) and warrants to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock (fair value $4,400) with a five year term for $0.85; the fair values of which will be expensed over the term of the extension.
 
2008 Promissory Notes
 
As of October 31, 2008, QuantRx settled a $500,000 2008 Promissory Note with the issuance of a $607,890 8% unsecured promissory note which included additional principal of $100,000 and accrued interest of $7,890. The maturity date is April 30, 2009. In connection with the issuance of this note, QuantRx granted 200,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $80,000, which will be expensed over the term of the extension.
 
QuantRx executed an extension with a holder of a $500,000 2008 Promissory Note as of October 31, 2008, extending the maturity date to January 31, 2009. In consideration for this extension, QuantRx granted 200,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $80,000 and revised the interest rate on the original 8% note to 10% effective as of the origination date. The fair value of common stock granted in connection with this extension will be expensed over the term of the extension.
 
28

 
ITEM 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
The following discussion of our financial condition should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes to financial statements included elsewhere in this filing. The following discussion (as well as statements in Item 1 above and elsewhere) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties. Some or all of the results anticipated by these forward-looking statements may not occur. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, trends in the biotechnology, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sectors of the economy; competitive pressures and technological developments from domestic and foreign genetic research and development organizations which may affect the nature and potential viability of our business strategy; and private or public sector demand for products and services similar to what we plan to commercialize. We disclaim any intention or obligation to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.
 
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this report to “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us,” the “Company” or similar terms refer to QuantRx Biomedical Corporation, a Nevada corporation and its subsidiary.
 
Overview
 
QuantRx Biomedical Corporation was incorporated on December 5, 1986 in the State of Nevada. The Company’s principal business office is located at 100 South Main Street, Suite 300, Doylestown, Pennsylvania. QuantRx also has a research and development facility in Portland, Oregon.
 
QuantRx is a broad-based diagnostics company focused on the development and commercialization of innovative diagnostic products based on its patented technology platforms for the worldwide healthcare industry. The Company’s strategy is to commercialize its products through partners or distributors, contracting the manufacturing to third-party partners while maintaining control over the manufacturing process.
 
The Company's platforms include: (1) POC testing products based on QuantRx core intellectual property related to lateral flow techniques; (2) through FluoroPharma, molecular imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET); (3) through our affiliate, Genomics USA, Inc., genome-based diagnostic chips; and (4) PAD miniform technology.
 
In April 2007, QuantRx increased its ownership in FluoroPharma, Inc., a development-stage molecular imaging company, to 57.78% of outstanding capital stock, resulting in its consolidation effective April 1, 2007. The investment in FluoroPharma is intended to strategically expand QuantRx’s diagnostic platforms.
 
Consolidated Results of Operations
 
Net operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $216,526 and $85,518, respectively. Net operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $469,786 and $256,169, respectively. The increase in revenues of $131,008 and $213,617 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to increased revenues related to short-term research and development agreements.
 
29

 
Sales and marketing expense for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $1,818 and $78,243, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, was $94,394 and $173,524, respectively. The decrease of $76,425 and $79,130 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 primarily relates to reduced personnel and sales and marketing expenditures.
 
General and administrative expense for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $814,434 and $534,658 respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, was $2,299,763 and $1,635,186, respectively. The increase of $279,776 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007 reflects an increase in personnel related expenses of $301,541, primarily due to increased stock based compensation expenses; partially offset by reduced travel related expenses. The increase of $664,577 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 reflects an increase in personnel related expenses of $735,101, primarily due to increased stock based compensation costs and the inclusion of our subsidiary’s personnel costs, offset by the absence of a minimum royalty payment of $50,000 related to a licensing agreement and reduced travel related expenses.
 
Professional fees for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, were $260,258 and $330,259, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, were $818,984 and $1,585,255, respectively. Professional fees include the costs of legal, consulting and auditing services provided to us. The decrease of $70,001 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily attributed to a decrease in consulting fees related to financial advisory and investor relations services. The decrease of $766,271 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily attributed to a decrease in legal and consulting fees related to financial, technical and investor relations services.
 
Research and development expense for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, was $508,815 and $462,740, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, was $1,738,304 and $1,464,873, respectively. The increase of $273,431 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 is attributed to subsidiary research and development expenses included as of April 1, 2007, the effective date of the consolidation.
 
The Company’s net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $2,067,331 and $1,327,357, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, was $6,226,059 and $4,797,193, respectively. The increase in net loss of $739,974 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to an increase in interest expense (see Note 9 to the financial statements), including amortization of debt discount and deferred finance costs of $717,637. The increase in net loss of $1,428,866 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 is primarily due to an increase in interest expense, including amortization of debt discount and deferred finance costs of $1,242,360 and a $439,445 loss on extinguishment of convertible notes in the first quarter of 2008, offset by the absence of a bad debt expense of $214,000 in the second quarter of 2008, as well as all the factors previously discussed.
 
30

 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
As of September 30, 2008, QuantRx had cash and cash equivalents of $253,738, as compared to cash and cash equivalents of $213,332 as of December 31, 2007. The net decrease in cash of $40,406 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, is primarily attributed to net cash used for operating activities of $2,437,061, offset by $992,500 in net proceeds from the issuance of 10% senior secured convertible notes in the first quarter of 2008, proceeds of $550,000 from the issuance of 8% senior secured promissory notes and net proceeds of $942,500 from the issuance of 8% promissory notes (see Note 9 to the financial statements), and proceeds of $169,189 from the exercise of common stock warrants. QuantRx has used its financing proceeds as well as its revenues to fund current operating expenses and investments intended to strategically expand our platforms and technologies.
 
The Company has not generated sufficient revenues from operations to meet its operating expenses. For this reason, the Company has historically financed its operations primarily through issuances of equity and the proceeds of debt instruments. In the past, the Company has also provided for its cash needs by issuing common stock, options and warrants for certain operating costs, including consulting and professional fees. 
 
The Company is currently negotiating additional funding, and has been successful obtaining funding in the past; however, it is not known whether the Company will be successful in its current funding efforts due in part to current external market conditions. Additionally, the Company is limited in its ability to issue additional debt instruments, due to certain limitations contained in the senior secured convertible notes and related agreements.
 
While the Company believes that it will be able to obtain future financing on acceptable terms, if it is not successful in obtaining debt or equity financing, or if the Company is not permitted to obtain such financing by the terms of its existing agreements and financial instruments, the Company would need to expend significant efforts to find other short- and long-term sources of capital to meet its ongoing operating and business expenses. The Company is also focusing on opportunities to increase net sales while seeking to manage operating expenses in an attempt to preserve as much as practical its available cash resources. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient long-term or short-term capital resources on acceptable terms, the Company’s business, results of operations, liquidity and financial condition would be materially and adversely harmed.
 
The Company believes that the successful growth and operation of its business is dependent upon its ability to do any or all of the following:
 
 
·
obtain adequate sources of debt or equity financing to pay operating expenses and fund long-term business operations;
 
 
·
manage or control working capital requirements by reducing operating expenses;
 
 
·
develop new and enhance existing relationships with product distributors and other points of distribution for the Company’s products; and
 
 
·
seek potential acquisitions that could be expected to generate positive cash flow for the Company upon acquisition, assuming appropriate financing structures are available on acceptable terms in order to effect such acquisitions.
 
31

 
There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in achieving its long-term plans as set forth above, or that such plans, if consummated, will enable the Company to obtain profitable operations or continue in the long-term as a going concern.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities in which we have financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities or any other obligations under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides us with financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 13 when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists and delivery has occurred, provided the fee is fixed or determinable and collection is probable. The Company assesses whether the fee is fixed and determinable based on the payment terms associated with the transaction. If a fee is based upon a variable such as acceptance by the customer, the Company accounts for the fee as not being fixed and determinable. In these cases, the Company defers revenue and recognizes it when it becomes due and payable. Up-front engagement fees are recorded as deferred revenue and amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement, although the fee is due and payable at the time the agreement is signed or upon annual renewal. Payments related to substantive, performance-based milestones in an agreement are recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the milestones as specified in the underlying agreement when they represent the culmination of the earnings process.
 
The Company assesses the probability of collection based on a number of factors, including past transaction history with the customer and the current financial condition of the customer. If the Company determines that collection of a fee is not reasonably assured, revenue is deferred until the time collection becomes reasonably assured. Significant management judgment and estimates must be made and used in connection with the revenue recognized in any accounting period. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue for any period if our management made different judgments or utilized different estimates.
 
The Company recognizes revenue from nonrefundable minimum royalty agreements from distributors or resellers upon delivery of product to the distributor or reseller, provided no significant obligations remain outstanding, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection is probable. Once minimum royalties have been received, additional royalties are recognized as revenue when earned based on the distributor’s contractual reporting obligations. QuantRx is able to recognize minimum royalty payments on an accrual basis, as they are specified in the contract. However, since the Company cannot forecast product sales by licensees, royalty payments that are based on product sales by the licensees are not determinable until the licensee has completed their computation of the royalties due and/or remitted their cash payment to us. Should information on licensee product sales become available so as to enable QuantRx to recognize royalty revenue on an accrual basis, materially different revenues and results of operations could occur.
 
32

 
Our strategy includes entering into collaborative agreements with strategic partners for the development, commercialization and distribution of our product candidates. Such collaboration agreements may have multiple deliverables. We evaluate multiple deliverable arrangements pursuant to Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.” Pursuant to EITF 00-21, in arrangements with multiple deliverables where we have continuing performance obligations, contract, milestone and license fees are recognized as revenue together with any up-front payments over the term of the arrangement as performance obligations are completed, unless the deliverable has stand-alone value and there is objective, reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered element in the arrangement. In the case of an arrangement where it is determined there is a single unit of accounting, all cash flows from the arrangement are considered in the determination of all revenue to be recognized. Cash received in advance of revenue recognition is recorded as deferred revenue.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting policies discussed below are considered by management to be the most important to the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and require management to make its most difficult and subjective judgments due to the inherent uncertainty associated with these matters. All significant estimates and assumptions are developed based on the best information available to us at the time made and are regularly reviewed and adjusted when necessary. We believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable under the circumstances; however, actual results may vary from these estimates and assumptions. Additional information on significant accounting principles is provided in Note 1 of the attached financial statements.
 
Impairment of Assets
 
We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, including our other intangible assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” The determination of related estimated useful lives and whether or not these assets are impaired involves significant judgments, related primarily to the future profitability and/or future value of the assets. Changes in our strategic plan and/or market conditions could significantly impact these judgments and could require adjustments to recorded asset balances. We hold investments in companies having operations or technologies in areas which are within or adjacent to our strategic focus when acquired, all of which are privately held and whose values are difficult to determine. We record an investment impairment charge if we believe an investment has experienced a decline in value that is other than temporary. Future changes in our strategic direction, adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results of underlying investments could result in losses or an inability to recover the carrying value of the investments that may not be reflected in an investment’s current carrying value, thereby possibly requiring an impairment charge in the future.
 
33

 
In determining fair value of assets, QuantRx bases estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual fair value may differ from management estimates resulting in potential impairments causing material changes to certain assets and results of operations.
 
Share-based Payments
 
We grant options to purchase our common stock to our employees and directors under our stock option plan subject to the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payments.”
 
We estimate the value of stock option awards on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes pricing model (Black-Scholes model). The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, and risk-free interest rate. If factors change and we employ different assumptions in the application of SFAS No. 123(R) in future periods, the compensation expense that we record under SFAS No. 123(R) may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period.
 
We account for share-based compensation awards granted to non-employees in accordance with EITF No. 96-18, “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services.” Under EITF 96-18, we determine the fair value of the share-based compensation awards granted as either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. If the fair value of the equity instruments issued is used, it is measured using the stock price and other measurement assumptions as of the earlier of either of (1) the date at which a commitment for performance by the counterparty to earn the equity instruments is reached or (2) the date at which the counterparty’s performance is complete.
 
Estimates of share-based compensation expenses are significant to our financial statements, but these expenses are based on option valuation models and will never result in the payment of cash by us.
 
The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In most cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.
 
34


ITEM 4T. Controls and Procedures
 
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is communicated to our management including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate. With the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2008.
 
(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Given the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, will have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that the benefits of a control system must be considered relative to its cost. The design of any system of controls is also based in part on certain assumptions regarding the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
 
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.
 
As of the date hereof, the Company has no pending or threatened litigation.
 
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, and Use of Proceeds
 
On August 18, 2008, the Company issued a warrant in consideration of a three month consulting and investor relations services agreement. The warrant has a term of five years and represents the right to purchase 40,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.25.
 
In August 2008, the Company completed a private placement of 8% promissory notes, common stock, and warrants to purchase shares of QuantRx’s common stock. In connection with the private placement, QuantRx issued 250,000 shares of common stock and warrants with a five-year term to purchase 250,000 shares of QuantRx’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.85.
 
35

 
On September 15, 2008, the Company negotiated extensions on certain of the 2008 Secured Promissory Notes. In consideration for the first month’s extensions, QuantRx granted an aggregate of 22,500 shares of common stock and 22,500 warrants to purchase common stock with a five year term for $0.85.
 
At September 30, 2008 the Company issued a 10% senior secured convertible note in the amount of $49,272 pursuant to one holder’s election to receive quarterly interest in the form of a paid-in-kind note. The note is currently convertible into 98,543 shares of common stock.
 
On October 15, 2008, the Company issued an aggregate of 7,500 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 7,500 shares of common stock with a five year term for $0.85 pursuant to certain note extensions. See Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
On October 15, 2008, the Company issued 75,000 shares of common stock pursuant to an extension on an outstanding note. See Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
On October 15, 2008, the Company issued 20,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock with a five year term for $0.85 pursuant to an extension on an outstanding note. See Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
On October 31, 2008, the Company issued 200,000 shares of common stock in connection with the issuance of a promissory note. See Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
On October 31, 2008, the Company issued 200,000 shares of common stock pursuant to an extension on an outstanding note. See Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company issued 50,000 warrants with a term of five years and an exercise price of $0.55 in connection with the issuance of a senior secured convertible note. See Note 14, Subsequent Events.
 
There were no additional sales of unregistered securities other than as reported in prior reports on Forms 10-KSB, 10-Q or 8-K.
 
The issuances of the above securities were deemed to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act, as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering.
 
ITEM 3. Defaults on Senior Securities
 
None.
 
ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
 
None.
 
36

 
ITEM 5.  Other Information
 
None.
 
ITEM 6.  Exhibits
 
Exhibit
 
Description
4.1
 
Form of Promissory Bridge Note, dated August 2008 and maturing October 31, 2008, issued by QuantRx in favor of lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 filed with Form 8-K on August 27, 2008). 
     
4.2
 
Form of Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock of QuantRx, dated August 2008, issued by QuantRx in favor of lender. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 filed with Form 8-K on August 27, 2008).
     
10.1
 
Form of Letter Loan Agreement, dated August 2008, between QuantRx and lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with Form 8-K on August 27, 2008).
     
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer required under Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
     
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer required under Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
     
32.1*
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer required under Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
     
32.2*
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer required under Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

*The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed “filed” by QuantRx Biomedical Corporation for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act.
 
37


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
     
 
QuantRx Biomedical Corporation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:   November 14, 2008
By:  
/s/ Walter Witoshkin
 
Walter Witoshkin
 
Chairman & CEO
 
     
Date:   November 14, 2008
By:  
/s/ Sasha Afanassiev
 
Sasha Afanassiev
 
CFO, Treasurer & VP of Finance
 
38