R F INDUSTRIES LTD - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

Forward-Looking Statements:

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Annual Report”), and other oral and written statements made by the Company from time to time are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including those that discuss strategies, goals, outlook or other non-historical matters, or projected revenues, income, returns or other financial measures. In some cases forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “except,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in such statements. Among the most important of these risks and uncertainties are the ability of the Company to meet customer demand through pricing and product offerings and efficient inventory and distribution channel management, to continue to source our raw materials and products from our suppliers and manufacturers, particularly those in Asia, the market demand for our products, which market demand is dependent in large part on the state of the telecommunications industry and whether plans to develop 4G and 5G networks accelerate as expected, as well as our ability to meet any such demand, the effect of future business acquisitions and dispositions, the incurrence of impairment charges, and competition.

Important factors which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements are described in the Section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K, and other risks identified from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting such forward-looking statements.

PART I

General

RF Industries, Ltd. (together with subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a national manufacturer and marketer of interconnect products and systems, including high-performance components such as RF connectors and adapters, dividers, directional couplers and filters, coaxial cables, data cables, wire harnesses, fiber optic cables, custom cabling, energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell enclosures. Through our manufacturing and production facilities, we provide a wide selection of interconnect products and solutions primarily to telecommunications carriers and equipment manufacturers, wireless and network infrastructure carriers and manufacturers and to various original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in several market segments. We also design, engineer, manufacture and sell energy-efficient cooling systems and integrated small cell solutions and related components.

We operate through two reporting segments: (i) the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment, and (ii) the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment. The RF Connector segment primarily designs, manufactures, markets and distributes a broad range of RF connector, adapter, coupler, divider, and cable products, including coaxial passives and cable assemblies that are used in telecommunications and information technology, OEM markets and other end markets. The Custom Cabling segment designs, manufactures, markets and distributes custom copper and fiber cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic and power solution cables, electromechanical wiring harnesses, wiring harnesses for a broad range of applications in a diverse set of end markets, energy-efficient cooling systems for wireless base stations and remote equipment shelters and custom designed, pole-ready 5G small cell integrated enclosures.

Recent Events

On March 1, 2022, we purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab/FXR LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company (“Microlab”) from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc, a New Jersey corporation (the “Seller”) pursuant to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) dated December 16, 2021. The consideration for the acquisition was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. The Company funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under a $17 million term loan (the “Term Loan”) with Bank of America, N.A. and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with cash on hand. The Term Loan was issued as part of a loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A. which also provided the Company with a $3 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and together with the Term Loan, the “Credit Facility”).

The primary interest rate for the Revolving Credit Facility is based on the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index Rate plus a margin of 2.00%. The maturity date of the Revolving Credit Facility is March 1, 2024. The Term Loan may be drawn in one disbursement, at the election of the Company. As described above, we drew down the entire amount of the Term Loan on March 1, 2022. The primary interest rate for Term Loan is 3.76% per annum. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are available for general working capital purposes and Borrowings under the Term Loan are available for the acquisition of Microlab. See, “Item 1. Business—Acquisition of Microlab/FXR LLC," below.

Microlab designs and manufactures a wide selection of RF components and integrated subsystems for signal conditioning and distribution in the wireless infrastructure markets as well as for use in medical devices. Microlab products are used in small cell deployments, distributed antenna systems, in-building wireless solutions and cellular base-stations. Microlab’s portfolio includes RF components for ultra-wideband frequency ranges deployed in commercial wireless networks utilizing mid-band spectrum allocations for 5G mobile broadband. We believe Microlab components possess unique capabilities in the area of broadband frequency coverage, minimal loss and low passive intermodulation (“PIM”). Microlab’s high performance components – such as power combiners, directional couplers, attenuators, terminators and filters – are used in broadband applications to support commercial in-building wireless networks, public safety networks, rail and transportation deployments, and global positioning system (“GPS”) signal distribution. Microlab also produces and sells various other products, including a portfolio of GPS digital repeaters and splitters for cellular timing synchronization as well as a passive systems monitor for real-time diagnostics of an in-building distributed antenna system (“DAS”). We have operated the Microlab business at Seller’s facilities in Hanover Township, Parsippany, New Jersey, pursuant to a sublease since closing of the acquisition. On October 19, 2022, we entered into two lease agreements for contiguous office and production space in Parsippany, New Jersey and will move the Microlab operations upon completion of certain improvements negotiated under the lease agreements. We expect Microlab to occupy this space on or around our second quarter of fiscal year 2023. The Microlab acquisition is in line with our previously announced strategy for driving revenue growth both organically and through the acquisition of companies that offer access to new products that can be sold to a growing customer base, including through an extensive distribution channel. Microlab's products are known worldwide for their superior quality and performance and are considered the gold standard in RF and microwave distribution systems. We believe that there are significant growth opportunities in the small cell and DAS markets, and that Microlab's products will provide the Company with additional scale and opportunity for further revenue growth.

Strategy

Our overall strategy is to provide our customers with a broad selection of products, rapid and high-quality service, and custom design capabilities, all at competitive prices. Specifically, our strategy is the following:

Provide rapid and flexible design and manufacturing services. Over the past few years we have focused our organization on providing a standardized portfolio, allowing for quick-turn readily available products, while having the capabilities, flexible design and manufacturing services to customize our offering to address customer specific requirements or applications.

Competitive pricing. Our manufacturing and distribution arrangements have been designed to lower costs and enable us to offer prices on both our standard and custom manufactured products that are competitive with the marketplace, all while keeping quality as a priority.

Leverage our manufacturing and distribution capabilities and facilities. Our strategy is to operate our manufacturing and distribution locations to best provide our customers with a competitively priced, high-quality product offering delivered with a fast turnaround time. As part of this strategy, we utilize a “one-company” approach to production and distribution locations and allocate our resources based on each location’s production specialization capabilities, its proximity to the shipment destination, and on other factors. Using this “one-company” approach, our goal is to leverage available capacity and shorten delivery times, while potentially providing lower shipping costs. We operate manufacturing and distribution locations in California, and in the Northeastern United States.

Integrate marketing and selling efforts. Our strategy is to integrate and cross-sell our various historical and acquired product lines. We have been integrating our marketing and sales efforts, thereby expanding the number and type of products we can offer to our existing client base, while also using this cross-sell approach to win new customers.

Broad range of immediately available products. Our strategy is to provide a high level of availability where we stock a large selection of standard products that are available for immediate delivery, including availability from multiple distributors. Additionally, we augment this “on-the-shelf” availability of several cable assembly and interconnect products with fast-turn production and assembly providing better lead times for our customers.

Targeted focus of product lines. Our strategy is to focus on passive products rather than manufacturing and selling operating or active components or products. Our product line focus remains on supporting and leveraging our distribution channels with our core passive interconnect and cable assemblies offering, while in parallel we continue to expand our portfolio of integrated solutions to address key end customer and market applications.

Increase long-term relationships with customers. Our goal is to establish long-term relationships with the customers who have used us for specialized projects by having our solutions built into the customer’s product specifications and bills of materials. As we remain focused on maintaining and expanding our national distributor relationships through our dedicated sales and account management teams, we have invested in targeted business development efforts to assist in getting more closely aligned with the requirements of strategic end customers.

Grow through strategic and targeted acquisitions. We will continue to consider strategic acquisitions of companies or technologies that can increase our customer penetration and/ or diversify our customer base, supplement our management team, expand our product offerings, and/or expand our footprint in relevant market segments.

Operations

We currently conduct operations through our six divisions with our product areas divided into two reporting segments.

RF Connector and Cable Assembly Segment.

Our RF Connector and Cable Assembly segment (“RF Connector segment”) consists of the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division (“RF Connector division”) that is based at our headquarters in San Diego, California and recently expanded in New Jersey through our acquisition of Microlab. The RF Connector division is engaged in the design, manufacture and distribution of coaxial connector solutions for companies that design, build, operate, maintain and use a variety of connectivity/communication applications. Coaxial connector products consist primarily of connectors which, when attached to a coaxial cable, facilitate the transmission of analog and digital signals in various frequencies. Although most of the connectors are designed to fit standard cable products, the RF Connector division also sells custom connectors specifically designed and manufactured to suit its customers’ requirements.

The Microlab division is included in the RF Connector segment. Microlab was acquired in March 2022, and is based in Parsippany, New Jersey. Microlab designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. Manufacturing operations are performed at Microlab’s facilities in New Jersey.

The RF Connector division typically carries over 1,500 different types of connectors, adapters, tools, and test and measurements kits. This division’s RF connectors are used in thousands of different devices, products and types of equipment. Since the RF Connector division’s standard connectors can be used in a number of different products and devices, the discontinuation of one product typically does not make our connectors obsolete. Accordingly, most connectors that we carry can be marketed for a number of years. Furthermore, because our connector products are not dependent on any single line of products or any market segment, our overall sales of connectors tend to fluctuate less when there are material changes or disruption to a single product line or market segment.

Cable assembly products manufactured and sold by the RF Connector division consist of various types of coaxial cables that are attached to connectors (usually our connectors) for use in a variety of communications applications. Cable assemblies manufactured for the RF Connector division are primarily manufactured at our San Diego, California facilities using state-of-the-art automation equipment and are sold through distributors or directly to major OEM accounts. Our cable assembly portfolio consists of both standard and custom cable assemblies designed for specific customer requirements. We offer a line of cable assemblies with over 100,000 cable product combinations.

We design our connectors at our headquarters in San Diego, California, and Microlab designs and manufactures a wide selection of RF components and integrated subsystems for signal conditioning and distribution in the wireless infrastructure markets as well as for use in medical devices. However, most of the RF connectors are manufactured for us by third-party foreign manufacturers located in Asia.

Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly Segment.

The Custom Cabling segment currently consists of four wholly-owned subsidiaries – three located in the Northeastern United States and one located in Southern California. Our plan is to integrate certain aspects of the manufacturing, sales and marketing functions of these divisions so as to better address overlapping market opportunities and to more efficiently manufacture, market, and ship products to our customers.

The four divisions that comprise the current Custom Cabling segment consist of the following:

Cables Unlimited, Inc. Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”) is a custom cable manufacturer located in Yaphank, New York, that we acquired in 2011. Cables Unlimited is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems' extended warranty. Cables Unlimited designs, develops and manufactures custom connectivity solutions for the industrial, defense, telecommunications and wireless markets.  The products sold by Cables Unlimited include custom and standard copper and fiber optic cable assemblies, adapters and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communications, computer, LAN, automotive fiber optic and medical equipment.

Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”) was acquired in June 2015. Rel-Tech’s offices and manufacturing facilities are located in Milford, Connecticut. Rel-Tech is a designer and manufacturer of cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation, medical and military customers. Wire and cable assembly products include custom wire harnesses, ribbon cable, electromechanical and kitted assemblies, and networking and communications cabling.

C Enterprises, Inc. C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”) is a fiber optic and copper cable manufacturer located in Vista, California. This subsidiary acquired the business and assets of C Enterprises, L.P. on March 15, 2019. C Enterprises is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty. C Enterprises designs, develops and manufactures connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors.

Schroff Technologies International, Inc. Schroff Technologies International, Inc. (“Schrofftech”) was acquired in November 2019. Schrofftech is a Rhode Island based manufacturer and marketer of intelligent thermal cooling control systems, along with pole-ready wireless small cell shrouds and enclosures, custom designed for plug-and-play installation. These products are typically used by telecommunications companies across the U.S. and Canada.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (the “WHO”) declared coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a pandemic emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted regional and global economies, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. The global impact of the outbreak has been rapidly evolving and certain jurisdictions, including those where we or third parties on which we rely have manufacturing facilities, have also reacted by instituting quarantines, restrictions on travel, social distancing protocols and restrictions on types of business that may continue to operate. While we have continued our operations during the pandemic, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected both our operations and those of our customers. Our operations in fiscal 2021 and 2022 were negatively affected by partial shutdowns of our facilities (particularly in the Northeast United States), by changes that we had to make to our operating methods and procedures, and by a fluctuating workforce as at times, some of our employees stayed at home. Many of our customers and vendors have likewise had temporary closures of their facilities and have otherwise been impacted by changes in their industries. Further, recently, our third-party contract manufacturers have been subject to various supply chain disruptions. These supply chain disruptions have slowed the delivery of products to us. As a result, there has been some volatility in the overall demand for our products, and certain costs have increased. We have taken measures to protect the health and safety of our employees, and we continue to work with our customers and vendors to minimize potential disruptions in addressing the challenges posed by this global pandemic.

Our third-party contract manufacturers are based in Asia. Recently, our third-party contract manufacturers have been subject to various supply chain disruptions. These supply chain disruptions have slowed the delivery of products to us, and have increased the price of certain materials due to the significant increase in costs of raw materials and shipping costs. Our ability to produce and timely deliver our products may be materially impacted in the future if these supply chain disruptions continue and worsen. In addition, because of the rising cost, we may be forced to increase the price of our products to our customers, or we may have to reduce our gross margins on the products that we sell. Because some of our custom manufacturing contracts call for deliveries over a longer period of time, cost increases during the term of these agreements at times cannot be passed through to our customers and therefore will have to be borne by us.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and related actions taken by domestic and international jurisdictions to prevent disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. While the majority of the outbreak impacted our performance for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2022, during the periods covered by this report, we generally saw a recovery to a more normal environment though the operations at all locations were affected intermittently as some of our employee schedules were impacted, and as certain macro-economic conditions persisted. Because of the impact that COVID-19 had on our operations, in May 2020 we applied for and received loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, H.R. 748 (“CARES Act”) totaling approximately $2.8 million (“PPP Loans”). All of our PPP Loans have been forgiven and are considered paid in full (including applicable interest).

Product Description

We produce a large variety of interconnect products and assemblies that are used in telecommunications and a range of other industries. The products that we offer and sell consist of the following:

Connector and Cable Products

We design, manufacture and market a broad range of coaxial connectors, adapters and cable assemblies fornumerous applications in commercial, industrial, automotive, transportation, scientific, aerospace and military markets.

There are numerous applications for these connectors, some of which include digital applications, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi and other broadband wireless infrastructure, GPS, mobile radio products, aircraft, video surveillance systems, cable assemblies and test equipment. Users of our connectors include telecommunications companies, circuit board manufacturers, OEMs, consumer electronics manufacturers, audio and video product manufacturers and installers, and satellite companies. We market over 1,500 types of connectors, adapters, tools, assembly, test and measurement kits, which range in price from under $1 to over $1,000 per unit. The kits satisfy a variety of applications including, but not limited to, lab operations, site requirements and adapter needs.

We also design and sell a variety of connector tools and hand tools that are assembled into kits used by lab and field technicians, research and development technicians and engineers. These tools are manufactured for us by outside contractors. Tool products are carried as an accommodation to our customers and have not materially contributed to our revenues.

We market and manufacture cable assemblies in a variety of sizes and combinations of RF coaxial connectors and coaxial cabling. Cabling is purchased from a variety of major unaffiliated suppliers and is assembled predominately with our connectors as complete cable assemblies. Coaxial cable assemblies have numerous applications including low PIM, Wi-Fi and wireless local area networks, wide area networks, internet systems, cellular systems including 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, DAS and Small Cell installations, TV/dish network systems, test equipment, military/aerospace (mil-standard and COTS (Commercial Off–The-Shelf)) and entertainment systems. Cable assemblies are manufactured to customer requirements.

We carry thousands of separate types of connectors, most of which are available in standard sizes and configurations and that are also offered by other companies. However, we also have some proprietary products, including the CompPro product line, OptiFlex cables, and the Schrofftech telecom shelter cooling and control system products. CompPro is a patented compression technology that offers advantages for a water-tight, ruggedized connection, providing easier installation, and improved system reliability on braided cables. CompPro is used by wireless network operators, installers and distributors in North America and other parts of the world. OptiFlex is a hybrid fiber optic and DC power cabling solution that we designed and manufactured, and the Schrofftech products are energy efficient cooling/temperature control and filtration systems for use in telecom shelters, outdoor enclosures and battery/power rooms.

Passive RF Products

We design and manufacture high-performance RF and microwave high-performance components such as dividers, directional couplers and filters enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks.

Fiber Optic Products

Cables Unlimited is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections SM Gold Program member that is authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty. Through our Cables Unlimited division, we offer a broad range of interconnect products and systems that have the ability to combine radio frequency and fiber optic interconnect components, with various connectors and power cables through customized solutions for these customers. Cables Unlimited also manufactures OptiFlex, a custom designed hybrid fiber optic and DC power cabling solution manufactured for wireless service providers engaged in upgrading their cell towers. The custom hybrid cable is significantly lighter and possesses greater flexibility than cables previously used for wireless service.

C Enterprises is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty. C Enterprises designs, develops and manufactures connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors.

Other Cabling Products

We design, manufacture, and sell cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for industrial, oilfield, instrumentation, medical, and military customers. Wire and cable assembly products include custom wire harnesses, ribbon cable, electromechanical and kitted assemblies, networking and communications cabling. DIN and Mini DIN connector assemblies include power cord, coaxial, Mil-spec and testing.

Telecommunications Thermal Control Systems and Shrouds

We engineer, design, manufacture and sell intelligent thermal control systems for outdoor telecommunications equipment. The thermal control systems, which can be controlled offsite using networked software at the telecommunication company’s own data center, maintain the interior temperature of telecommunications and other networking equipment. We also design and sell integrated shrouds and enclosures for small cell deployments that reduce installation time and improve aesthetics by eliminating the exterior cabling used with current configurations.

Foreign Sales

Net sales to foreign customers accounted for $10,335,000 (or approximately 12%) of our net sales, and $2,464,000 (or approximately 4%) of our net sales for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The majority of the export sales during these periods were to Canada.

We do not own, or directly operate any manufacturing operations or sales offices in foreign countries.

Distribution and Marketing

We currently sell our products through independent warehousing distributors and through our in-house marketing and sales team. Sales through independent distributors accounted for approximately 38% of our net sales for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. Our agreements with most of the distributors are nonexclusive and generally may be terminated by either party upon 30-60 days’ written notice. The Company directly sells certain of its products to large, national telecommunication equipment and solution providers who include the Company’s products in their own product offerings.

Manufacturing

We contract with outside third parties for the manufacture of a significant portion of our coaxial connectors. However, virtually all of the RF cable assemblies sold during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 were assembled at the International Organization for Standardization (“ISO”) approved factories in San Diego, California and Parsippany, New Jersey. We procure our raw cable from manufacturers with ISO approved factories in the United States, China, and Taiwan. The Company primarily relies on several third-party partners for the manufacture of its coaxial connectors, tools and other passive components and receives bulk cable from multiple manufacturing plants. Although we do not have manufacturing contracts with these manufacturers for our connectors and cable products, we do have long-term purchasing relationships. There are certain risks associated with our dependence on third-party manufacturers for some of our products. See “Risk Factors” below. We have in-house design engineers who create the engineering drawings for fabrication and assembly of connectors and cable assemblies. Accordingly, the third-party manufacturers are not primarily responsible for design work related to the manufacture of our connectors and cable assemblies. Although our current facilities are set up to manufacture certain lines of products, manufacturing of certain products is often shifted to other facilities to alleviate capacity limitations or to address a customer’s product manufacturing schedule requirements.

We manufacture custom cable assemblies, adapters and electromechanical wiring harnesses and other products through Cables Unlimited at its Yaphank, New York manufacturing facility. The Yaphank facility is an ISO approved factory. Cables Unlimited is a Corning Cable Systems CAH Connections ^SM Gold Program member, authorized to manufacture fiber optic products and assemblies that are backed by Corning Cable Systems' extended warranty.

The Milford, Connecticut facility of Rel-Tech is an ISO approved manufacturing facility that is primarily used to manufacture cable assemblies, electromechanical assemblies, wiring harnesses and other similar products. 

The Vista, California facility operated by C Enterprises is an ISO approved manufacturing facility that is primarily used to manufacture fiber optic and copper cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cable Systems’ extended warranty.

The products sold by Schrofftech are designed and manufactured at its ISO approved manufacturing facility in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. Schrofftech’s products are manufactured and tested in accordance with the ETL Listing standards.

Microlab designs and manufactures a wide selection of RF components and integrated subsystems in our design and manufacturing facility in Parsippany, New Jersey. We are currently subleasing space and are in the process of building out new space, also in Parsippany, New Jersey.

Raw Materials

Connector materials are typically made of commodity metals such as copper, brass and zinc and include small applications of precious materials, including silver and gold. The RF Connector division purchases most of its connector products from contract manufacturers located in Asia and the United States. We believe that the raw materials used in our products are readily available and that we are not currently dependent on any supplier for our raw materials. We do not currently have any long-term purchase or supply agreements with our connector suppliers. The Custom Cabling divisions obtain coaxial connectors from the RF Connector division. We believe there are numerous domestic and international suppliers of other coaxial connectors that we may utilize for any of our cabling products.

The Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech divisions purchase largely all of the raw materials used in their products from sources located in the United States. Fiber optic cables are available from various manufacturers located throughout the United States, however, Cables Unlimited purchases most of its fiber optic cables from Corning Cables Systems LLC. The Company believes that the raw materials used by Cables Unlimited in its products are readily available and that Cables Unlimited is not currently dependent on any supplier for its raw materials except where Corning Extended Warranty certification is required. Neither Cables Unlimited nor Rel-Tech Electronics currently have any long-term purchase or supply agreements with their connector and cable suppliers.

Backlog

As of October 31, 2022, our estimated backlog of unfilled firm orders was approximately $27.8 million compared with backlog of approximately $33.3 million as of October 31, 2021. Orders typically fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on customer demand, general business conditions and, in particular, for project-based orders from wireless carrier customers for custom cable assemblies at our Cables Unlimited division. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the estimated timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to shipment delays and to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.

It is expected that a substantial portion of the backlog will be filled within the next 12 months. Most of the orders that we receive, particularly in the RF Connector and Cable Assembly segment, generally have short lead times. Therefore, backlog may not be indicative of future demand.

Acquisition of Microlab/FXR LLC

On December 16, 2021, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Seller (Wireless Telecom Group, Inc.), and its wholly-owned subsidiary Microlab, pursuant to which we purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Microlab from the Seller on March 1, 2022. The consideration for the acquisition was $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price was paid in cash at the closing. We funded most of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the $17 million “Term Loan” with Bank of America, N.A. and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with $7.3 million of cash on hand. The Term Loan was issued as part of a loan agreement with Bank of America, N.A. which also provided the Company with the $3 million “Revolving Credit Facility”. Microlab is a New Jersey based company that designs and manufactures high-performance RF and microwave products such as dividers, directional couplers and filters enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks.

We obtained representation and warranty insurance to cover any breach of Seller’s representations. 

Seller also agreed not to, directly or indirectly, (i) engage in any activities that compete with Microlab’s business and (ii) hire or solicit any employee, independent contractor, or consultant of Microlab’s business for a period of five years from the closing date, subject to certain carve-outs.

Human Capital

As of October 31, 2022, we employed 344 full-time employees, of whom 76 were in accounting, administration, sales and management, 255 were in manufacturing, distribution and assembly, and 13 were engineers engaged in design, engineering and research and development. The employees were based at our facilities in San Diego, California (94 employees), Yaphank, New York (65 employees), Milford, Connecticut (52 employees), Vista, California (73 employees), Parsippany, New Jersey (45 employees), and North Kingstown, Rhode Island (15 employees). We also occasionally hire part-time employees. We believe that we have a good relationship with our employees.

Patents, Trademarks and Licenses

We own ten U.S. patents related to the CompPro Product Line that we acquired in May 2015. The CompPro Product Line utilizes a patented compression technology that offers revolutionary advantages for a water-tight connection, easier installation, and improved system reliability on braided cables. The CompPro Product Line is used by wireless network operators, installers and distributors in North America and other parts of the world.

Our Schrofftech subsidiary owns eight issued patents on its proprietary telecom shelter cooling and control system technology and its equipment room ventilation controls. Schrofftech has also filed one pending patent application related to ventilation and control equipment and controls.

The trademarks we own include the “CompPro” registered trademark associated with the compression cable product line and the “OptiFlex™” as a trademark for its hybrid cable wireless tower cable solution. Each of our subsidiaries also use various trademarks (and associated logos and trade names) in their operations, although none of these trademarks have been registered.

Because the RF Connectors division carries thousands of separate types of connectors and other products, most of which are available in standard sizes and configurations and are also offered by our competitors, we do not believe that our cables and connector business or competitive position is dependent on patent protection.

Under agreements with Corning Cables Systems LLC, Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises are permitted to advertise that they are Corning Cables System CAH Connections ^SM Gold Program members.

With the recent acquisition of Microlab, two additional relevant patents have been added to our portfolio regarding GPS signal repeaters as well as RF broadband non directional tap couplers. Additional filings are also pending for RF system monitoring and GPS systems.

Warranties and Terms

We warrant our products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for varying warranty periods, depending upon the product. Products are generally warranted to the dealer for one year, with the dealer responsible for any additional warranty it may make. The RF Connector products are warranted for the useful life of the connectors. Although we have not experienced any significant warranty claims to date, there can be no assurance that we will not be subjected to such claims in the future.

We usually sell to customers on 30-day terms pursuant to invoices and do not generally grant extended payment terms. Sales to most foreign customers are made on cash terms at time of shipment. Generally, customers may delay, cancel, reduce, or return products after shipment subject to a restocking charge.

Under their agreements with Corning Cables Systems LLC, Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises are authorized to manufacture optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty (referred to as the “Gold Certified Warranty”).

Competition

The industries in which we operate are highly competitive, and we compete with thousands of companies that range from large multinational corporations, most of which have greater assets and financial resources, to local manufacturers. Competition is generally based on breadth of product offering, product innovation, price, quality, delivery, performance and customer service. In addition, rapid technological changes occurring in the communications industry could also lead to the entry of new competitors of all sizes against whom we may not be able to successfully compete.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against existing or new competition, and the inability to do so may result in price reductions, reduced margins, or loss of market share, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Government Regulations

Our products are designed to meet all known existing or proposed governmental regulations. We believe that we currently meet existing standards for approvals by government regulatory agencies for our principal products.

Our products are Restriction on Hazardous Substances (“RoHS”) compliant.

Environmental Regulations

We are subject to various laws and governmental regulations concerning environmental matters and employee safety and health matters in the United States. Compliance with these federal, state, and local laws and regulations related to protection of the environment and employee safety and health has had no material effect on our business. There were no material capital expenditures for environmental projects in fiscal year 2022, and there are no material expenditures planned for such purposes in fiscal year 2023.

Investor Information

Our principal executive office is currently located at 7610 Miramar Road, Building #6000, San Diego, California. RF Industries, Ltd. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on November 1, 1979, completed its initial public offering in March 1984 under the name Celltronics, Inc., and changed its name to RF Industries, Ltd. in November 1990. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company” in this report include RF Industries, Ltd. and our five wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cables Unlimited, Inc., Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., C Enterprises, Inc., Schroff Technologies International, Inc., and Microlab/FXR LLC.

The Company’s principal Internet website is located at http://www.rfindustries.com. The Company’s annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and other information related to the Company, are available, free of charge, on that website as soon as we electronically file those documents with, or otherwise furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Reports filed with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The Company’s Internet website and the information contained therein, or connected thereto, are not and are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report.

Investors should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information in this Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and operations.

If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and investors may lose all or part of their investment in our common stock.

Risks Related to Our Business.

We are heavily dependent upon wireless and broadband communications providers.

Most of our revenues and profitability have in recent years been generated from products that we sell, directly or through our distributors, to the wireless and broadband communications industries. In addition, we also sell connectors, cables and other products to companies that incorporate these products into their own wireless and broadband communications products. As a result, our business is heavily dependent upon the wireless and broadband markets.  Demand for our products in these markets depends primarily on capital spending by operators for constructing, rebuilding or upgrading their telecommunication systems. The amount of this capital spending and, therefore, our sales and profitability, will be affected by a variety of factors affecting the telecommunications companies, including general economic conditions, consolidation within the telecommunications industry and the financial condition of operators. Although we sell many products into many different markets other than the telecommunications marketplace, because a major portion of our revenues has historically been derived from direct and indirect sales to wireless and broadband communications companies, our financial condition and results of operations are heavily influenced by the health and growth of the wireless and broadband markets, all of which is beyond our control.

The on-going COVID-19 public health pandemic is adversely affecting, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, certain aspects of our business.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the reactions of governmental and other authorities to contain, mitigate or combat the pandemic, which have severely restricted the level of economic activity around the world, have impacted, and are expected to continue to impact, our operations, and the nature, extent and duration of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or any future disease or adverse health condition is highly uncertain and beyond our control. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Federal, state and local governmental agencies have taken and may again take preventative or protective actions, such as imposing restrictions on travel and business operations. The COVID-19 pandemic and the government’s reaction to the pandemic have significantly slowed capital expenditures in the primary markets for our products, which has resulted in a significant reduction in demand for our products.

Although we have implemented measures to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including reducing our expenses in certain areas of our business, these measures will not fully mitigate the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict the degree to, or the period over, which we will be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting governmental and other measures. However, we expect that the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to adversely affect demand for certain of our products for the foreseeable future.

We depend on third-party contract manufacturers for a majority of our connector manufacturing needs. If they are unable to manufacture and deliver a sufficient quantity of high-quality products on a timely and cost-efficient basis, our net revenue and profitability would be harmed and our reputation may suffer.

Substantially all of the RF Connector division’s connector products are manufactured by third-party contract manufacturers. We rely on them to procure components for RF connectors and in certain cases to design, assemble and test the products on a timely and cost-efficient basis. If our contract manufacturers are unable to complete design work on a timely basis, we will experience delays in product development and our ability to compete may be harmed. In addition, because some of our manufacturers have manufacturing facilities in Taiwan and China, their ability to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products on a timely and cost-efficient basis is subject to a number of additional risks and uncertainties, including political, social and economic instability and factors that could impact the shipment of supplies. If our manufacturers are unable to provide us with adequate supplies of high-quality products on a timely and cost-efficient basis, our operations would be disrupted and our net revenue and profitability would suffer. Moreover, if our third-party contract manufacturers cannot consistently produce high-quality products that are free of defects, we may experience a higher rate of product returns, which would also reduce our profitability and may harm our reputation and brand.

Our third-party contract manufacturers are based in Asia. Recently, our third-party contract manufacturers have been subject to various supply chain disruptions. These supply chain disruptions have slowed the delivery of products to us and have increased the price of certain materials due to the significant increase in costs of raw materials and shipping costs. Our ability to produce and timely deliver our products may be materially impacted in the future if these supply chain disruptions continue or worsen. In addition, because of the rising cost, we may be forced to increase the price of our products to our customers, or we may have to reduce our gross margins on the products that we sell. Because some of our custom manufacturing contracts call for deliveries over a longer period of time, cost increases during the term of these agreements at times cannot be passed through to our customers and therefore will have to be borne by us.

We do not currently have any long-term supply agreements with any of our contract manufacturers, and such manufacturers could stop manufacturing products for us at any time. Although we believe that we could locate alternate contract manufacturers if any of our manufacturers terminated our business, our operations could be impacted until alternate manufacturers are found.

The acquisition of Microlab will affect both the Company’s liquidity and its capital resources in the near future.

On March 1, 2022, we purchased Microlab from Wireless Telecom Group, Inc. for $24,250,000, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. We funded $17 million of the cash purchase price from the funds obtained under the term loan it obtained from Bank of America, N.A. (the “Credit Facility Lender”) and paid the remaining amount of the cash purchase price with $7.3 million cash on hand, thereby reducing the amount of cash available for future acquisitions, for investments in the expansion of our existing businesses and assets, or as a reserve for unanticipated financial requirements.

We entered into a Loan Agreement to fund our acquisition of Microlab, which may expose us to additional risks, including risks associated with the inability to repay the loan on a timely basis.

On February 25, 2022, we entered into a Loan Agreement with the Credit Facility Lender, which facility provides the Company with a $3 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $17 million term loan (the “Term Loan”, collectively with the “Revolving Credit Facility”, the “Credit Facility”). We borrowed the full $17 million amount available under the Term Loan in order to fund the purchase of Microlab. The maturity date of the Term Loan is March 1, 2027. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries and secured by all personal property of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. The Credit Facility requires the maintenance of certain financial covenants, including: (i) consolidated debt to EBITDA ratio not to exceed 3.00 to 1.00; (ii) consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.25 to 1.00; and (iii) consolidated minimum EBITDA of at least $600,000 for the discrete quarter ending January 31, 2022. In addition, the Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants. In the event that we are unable to pay our obligations on the Credit Facility on a timely basis, maintain the financial covenants under the Loan Agreement or otherwise defaults on its obligations under the Loan Agreement, the Credit Facility Lender will have a right to foreclose on personal property of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.

Our business strategy to expand through acquisitions of other businesses could increase operating costs and expose us to additional risks.

As part of our plan to operate businesses that are profitable and that reflect the changing market, we from time to time sell unprofitable divisions and purchase new businesses. Such recent transactions include the purchase of our new C Enterprises and Schrofftech subsidiaries in 2019 and Microlab in 2022. In addition, we have previously disclosed that, as part of our growth strategy, we intend to make additional acquisitions of businesses in the future. While we believe that restructuring our operations and acquiring other businesses will benefit us in the longer term, these acquisitions have in the short term caused us to incur additional legal, accounting and administrative expenses, including the cost of integrating the various accounting systems of our new subsidiaries, upgrading our information systems, and the cost of managing various divisions in separate locations and states. We may in the future make additional acquisitions. Accordingly, we will be subject to numerous risks associated with the acquisition of additional businesses, including:

Any of these risks could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that any business that we acquire will achieve anticipated revenues or operating results.

In addition to the normal risks associated with purchasing a new business and operating at a new location, the Company’s recent acquisition of Microlab reduced our cash on hand by over $7.3 million and we took on $17 million of indebtedness and related financial covenants under the Term Loan, including imposing a limit on the ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. A breach of any of the covenants could result in a default under the credit facility. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the credit facility, the commercial bank could terminate all commitments to extend further credit and elect to declare amounts outstanding thereunder to be immediately due and payable. The credit facility is secured by a lien on substantially all personal property of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries.

Global economic conditions and any related impact on our supply chain and the markets where we do business could adversely affect our results of operations.

The uncertain state of the global economy (including the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and related economic and other retaliatory measures taken by the United States, European Union and others) continues to impact businesses around the world. Deteriorating economic conditions or financial uncertainty in any of the markets in which we sell our products could reduce business confidence and adversely impact spending patterns, and thereby could adversely affect our sales and results of operations. In challenging and uncertain economic environments such as the current one, we cannot predict whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen, or what impact, if any, such circumstances could have on our business, financial condition and results of operations, or on the price of our common stock.

Recent inflationary pressures have increased the cost of energy and raw materials and may adversely affect our results of operations. If inflation continues to rise and further impact the cost of energy and raw materials, we may not be able to offset cost increases to our products through price adjustments without negatively impacting consumer demand, which could adversely affect our sales and results of operations.

Our dependence on third-party manufacturers increases the risk that we will not have an adequate supply of products or that our product costs will be higher than expected.

The risks associated with our dependence upon third parties which develop and manufacture and assemble the Company’s products include:

These risks may lead to increased costs or delay product delivery, which would harm our profitability and customer relationships.

An impairment in the carrying value of goodwill, trade names and other long-lived assets could negatively affect our consolidated results of operations and net worth.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, such as trade names, are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition and are not amortized, but are reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. In evaluating the potential for impairment of goodwill and trade names, we make assumptions regarding future operating performance, business trends and market and economic conditions. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and in applying these factors to the assessment of goodwill and trade name recoverability. Goodwill reviews are prepared using estimates of fair value based on the estimated present value of future discounted cash flows. We could be required to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill or trade names prior to the annual assessment upon unexpected significant declines in operating results, the divestiture of a significant component of our business or other factors.

No assurance can be given that events or circumstances will not change regarding the carrying value of goodwill of the Cables Unlimited, Microlab, Rel-Tech, C-Enterprises and Schrofftech subsidiaries or the CompPro product line. Should we in the future determine that the carrying value of the goodwill associated with some or all of these assets no longer is recoverable, we will have to record additional impairment losses. In the event that we have to record material impairment charges on the Cables Unlimited, Microlab, Rel-Tech, C-Enterprises or Schrofftech subsidiaries or the CompPro product line, such future charges could materially reduce future earnings, which would negatively affect our stock price.

Changes in technology may reduce the demand for some of our products.

The wireless and telecommunications industry is rapidly changing. Changes in the product demands by telecommunications and other infrastructure companies may make certain of our current products obsolete. Accordingly, we must quickly and efficiently react to technological developments and provide new products to meet the shifting demands of our customers. Our failure to successfully introduce new or enhanced products on a timely and cost-competitive basis could have a material adverse effect on the results of our operations and financial condition.

If the manufacturers of our coaxial connectors or other products discontinue the manufacturing processes needed to meet our demands or fail to upgrade their technologies, we may face production delays.

Our coaxial connector and other product requirements typically represent a small portion of the total production of the third-party manufacturers. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a third-party manufacturer will cease production of some of our products or fail to continue to advance the process design technologies on which the manufacturing of our products are based. Each of these events could increase our costs or harm our ability to deliver products on time or develop new products.

Our dependence upon independent distributors to sell and market our products exposes us to the risk that such distributors may decrease their sales of our products or terminate their relationship with us.

Our sales efforts are primarily effected through independent distributors. Although we have entered into written agreements with most of the distributors, the agreements are nonexclusive and generally may be terminated by either party upon 30-60 days’ written notice. Our distributors are not within our control, are not obligated to purchase products from us, and may also sell other lines of products. There can be no assurance that these distributors will continue their current relationships with us or that they will not give higher priority to the sale of other products, which could include products of competitors. A reduction in sales efforts or discontinuance of sales of our products by our distributors would lead to reduced sales and could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and business. Selling through indirect channels such as distributors may limit our contact with our ultimate customers and our ability to assure customer satisfaction.

A material portion of our sales is dependent upon a few principal customers, the loss of whom could materially negatively affect our total sales.

For the year ended October 31, 2022, a wireless carrier customer accounted for approximately 20% of total sales. The same customer had accounts receivable balances that accounted for 14% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2022. Another distributor customer accounted for less than 10% of total sales and for 19% of the total net accounts receivable. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the same wireless carrier accounted for approximately 21% of total sales, and a distributor accounted for 11% of total sales. These two customers’ accounts receivable balances each accounted for approximately 28% and 8% of the total net accounts receivable balance at October 31, 2021. Although the distributors have been on-going major customers of the Company and the wireless carrier is a newer customer to the Company, the written agreements with these customers do not have any minimum purchase obligations and they could stop buying our products at any time and for any reason. A reduction, delay, or cancellation of orders from these customers or the loss of these customers could significantly reduce our future revenues and profits.

Difficult conditions in the global economy may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

A prolonged economic downturn, both in the U.S. and worldwide, could lead to lower sales or reduced sales growth, reduced prices, lower gross margins, and increased bad debt risks, all of which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Slowing economic activity, particularly in the telecommunication and data communication and wireless communications industries that represent our largest target market, may adversely impact the demand for our products. If the current economic condition in the U.S. deteriorates, our results could be adversely affected as demand for wireless products lessens. There could also be a number of other adverse follow-on effects on our business from a deterioration of economic conditions or from a credit crisis, including insolvency of certain key distributors, key suppliers, contract manufacturers and customers.

Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive, a failure to effectively compete could result in an immediate and substantial loss of market share.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and we expect that competition will increase in these markets. In particular, the wireless and telecommunications markets in which most of our products are sold are intensely competitive. A failure to effectively compete in these markets could result in an immediate and substantial loss of revenues and market share. Because most of our sales are derived from products that are neither proprietary nor can be used to distinguish us from our competitors, our ability to compete successfully in these markets depends on a number of factors, including:

Our revenues may suffer if we are not able to effectively satisfy our customers in each of the foregoing ways. In addition, our competitors or customers may offer enhancements to their existing products or offer new products based on new technologies, industry standards or customer requirements that have the potential to replace or provide lower cost or higher performance alternatives to our products. The introduction of enhancements or new products by our competitors could render our existing and future products obsolete or unmarketable.

Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial and other resources. In certain circumstances, our customers or potential customers have internal or may in the future institute manufacturing capabilities with which we may compete.

If the industries into which we sell our products experience recession or other cyclical effects impacting the budgets of our customers, our operating results could be negatively impacted.

The primary customers for our connector and cable products are in the wireless communications industries. Any significant downturn in our customers’ markets, in particular, or in general economic conditions which result in the reduction of budgets would likely result in a reduction in demand for our products and services and could harm our business. Historically, the communications industry has been cyclical, affected by both economic conditions and industry-specific cycles. Depressed general economic conditions and cyclical downturns in the communications industry have each had an adverse effect on sales of communications equipment, OEMs and their suppliers, including us. No assurance can be given that the wireless communications industry will not experience a material downturn in the near future. Any cyclical downturn in the communications industry could have a material adverse effect on us.

Because we sell our products to foreign customers, we are exposed to all of the risks associated with international sales, including foreign currency exposure.

Sales to customers located outside the United States, either directly or through U.S. and foreign distributors, accounted for approximately 12% and 4% of our net sales during the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. International revenues are subject to a number of risks, including:

Our foreign sales are also affected by general economic conditions in international markets. A prolonged economic downturn in our foreign markets could have an adverse effect on our business. There can be no assurance that the factors described above will not have an adverse material effect on our future international revenues and, consequently, on our financial condition, results of operations and business.

Since sales made to foreign customers have historically been in U.S. dollars, previously we have not been exposed to the risks of foreign currency fluctuations. However, with the acquisition of Microlab, sales made to certain foreign customers were denominated in the currencies of the countries where sales are made and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we experienced $0.2 million in foreign currency exchange loss at time of collection.  

The inability to hire or retain certain key professionals, management and staff could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future success depends largely upon the continued service of our executive officers and other key management and technical personnel, and on our ability to continue to identify, attract, retain and motivate them. However, other than the employment agreement we have entered into with Mr. Dawson, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, we currently do not have any other written employment agreements with our executive officers and managers. The market for employees in our industry is extremely competitive and the cost for new employees may exceed the cost of existing employees. The loss of key management and technical personnel could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

We have few patent rights in the technology employed in our products, which may limit our ability to compete.

We own patents related to the CompPro proprietary product line, the Schrofftech telecom shelter cooling products and control systems, and patents recently acquired from Microlab relating to GPS signal repeaters as well as RF broadband non directional tap couplers. We have additional filings pending for RF system monitoring and GPS systems. Other than these existing and prospective patents, we do not hold any other United States or foreign patents. Historically, we have not sought to protect our rights in the technology that we develop or that our third-party contract manufacturers develop for us by means of the patent laws, and as a result, competitors can and do sell most of the same products as us, and we have not tried to prevent or restrict such competition. 

We may determine that we need to litigate or arbitrate to enforce our contract and intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights of others. As a result of any such litigation or arbitration, we could lose our ability to enforce one or more patents or other intellectual property rights. Any action we take to enforce our contract or intellectual property rights could be costly and could absorb significant management time and attention, which, in turn, could negatively impact our results of operations and cash flows. Further, even a positive resolution to our enforcement efforts may take time to conclude, which may reduce our revenues and cash resources available for other purposes, such as research and development, in the periods prior to conclusion.

Claims by other companies that we infringe their intellectual property could adversely affect our business 

Companies may assert patent, copyright or other intellectual property claims against our products or products using our technologies or other technologies used in our industry, which claims could result in our involvement in litigation. We may not prevail in such litigation given, among other factors, the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation. If any of our products were found to infringe another company’s intellectual property, we could be subject to an injunction or be required to redesign our products, or to license such intellectual property or pay damages or other compensation to such other company (any of which could be costly). If we are unable to redesign our products, license such intellectual property used in our products or otherwise distribute our products (e.g., through a licensed supplier), we could be prohibited from making and selling our products. 

Similarly, our suppliers could be found to infringe another company’s intellectual property, and such suppliers could then be enjoined from providing products or services to us.

A cyber incident could result in information theft, data corruption, operational disruption, and/or financial loss.

Businesses have become increasingly dependent on digital technologies to conduct day-to-day operations. Additionally, we may be exposed to increased cybersecurity risks as a result of remote working requirements imposed on us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, cyber incidents, including deliberate attacks or unintentional events, have increased. A cyberattack could include gaining unauthorized access to digital systems for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption or result in denial of service on websites. We depend on digital technology, including information systems and related infrastructure, to process and record financial and operating data, and communicate with our employees and business partners. Our technologies, systems, networks, and those of our business partners may become the target of cyberattacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of proprietary and other information, or other disruption of our business operations. Although to date we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyberattacks, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer such losses in the future. Cyberattacks are increasing in their frequency, sophistication and intensity. As cyber threats continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance its protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. In addition, our liability insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to security breaches, cyberattacks and other related breaches.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Volatility of trading prices of our stock could result in a loss on an investment in our stock.

The market price of our common stock has varied greatly, and the trading volume of our common stock has fluctuated greatly as well. These fluctuations often occur independently of our performance or any of our announcements. Factors that may result in such fluctuations include:

In addition, the stock market may, from time to time, experience extreme price and volume fluctuations, which may be unrelated to the operating performance of any specific company. Accordingly, the market prices of our common stock may be expected to experience significant fluctuations in the future.

Failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting or to remediate weaknesses could materially harm our revenues, erode stockholder confidence in our ability to pursue business and report our financial results/condition, and negatively affect the trading price of our common stock.

As a public reporting company, we are required to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Failure to establish such internal control, or any failure of such internal control once established, could adversely impact our public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. Any failure of our internal control over financial reporting could also prevent us from maintaining accurate accounting records and discovering accounting errors and financial frauds.

Rules adopted by the SEC pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 require annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. The standards that must be met for management to assess the internal control over financial reporting as effective are complex, and require significant documentation, testing and possible remediation to meet the detailed standards. Any assessment by management that there are weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in the internal controls over financial reporting (including those weaknesses identified in periodic reports), or disclosure of management’s assessment of the internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, we determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective. However, no assurance can be given that there will not be failures in our internal controls in future periods.   

While we have in the past paid dividends, no assurance can be given that we will declare or pay cash dividends in the future.

During fiscal 2022, we did not make any dividend distributions to our stockholders. Dividends are declared and paid at the discretion of the Board of Directors subject to applicable laws, and depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, plans for future acquisitions, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Therefore, even if our operations return to their prior level of profitability, any decision to pay dividends in the future will depend on various other factors that the Board may consider relevant. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will once again pay dividends in the future. If we do not pay a cash dividend, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investment in the common stock except to the extent of any appreciation in the value of the common stock. 

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

The average trading volume of our shares of common stock is relatively small. As a result, sales of a significant number of shares, or the perception that significant sales could occur, could result in a decline in our stock price. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

As of October 31, 2022, we had 10,193,287 shares of common stock outstanding. In addition, we had outstanding options for the purchase of 686,962 shares of common stock, the exercise of which would increase the number of common stock outstanding. The issuance and subsequent sale of the shares underlying these stock options could depress the trading price of our common stock. As of October 31, 2022, we also had 916,369 shares available for future grant as stock options or restricted shares, the issuance and sale of which could also impact our stock price.

We are a “smaller reporting company” and we have elected to comply with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements which could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in the Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which allows us to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including (1) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and (2) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. In addition, we are only required to provide two years of audited financial statements in our SEC reports. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until we are no longer a “smaller reporting company”. We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal controls in the future.

Not applicable.

We currently lease our corporate headquarters and RF connector and cable assembly manufacturing facilities in San Diego, California. At that location, we lease three buildings, with a total of approximately 21,908 square feet of office, warehouse and manufacturing space, that house our corporate administration, sales and marketing, and engineering departments. The buildings are also used for production and warehousing by our RF Connector segment. We recently entered into two lease agreements for adjacent office and commercial lab space in Parsippany, New Jersey, which will be used for the Microlab operations. Additionally, we lease spaces in four other locations in the United States that house the administration offices and manufacturing facilities for our Custom Cabling segment. The table below shows a summary of the square footage of these locations as of October 31, 2022:

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. As of the date of this report, we are not subject to any proceeding that is not in the ordinary course of business or that is material to the financial condition of our business.

None.

PART II

Market Information. RF Industries, Ltd.’s common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market and is traded under the “RFIL” trading symbol.

Stockholders. As of October 31, 2022, there were 260 holders of our common stock according to the records of our transfer agent, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, New York, New York, not including holders who hold their stock in “street name.”

Repurchase of Securities. The following table sets forth information regarding the shares of common stock cancelled, and deemed to have been repurchased during the three months ended October 31, 2022 in connection with employee tax withholding for shares of restricted stock that vested under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. There were no previously unreported sales of equity securities by us that were not registered under the Securities Act during fiscal 2022.

Dividend Policy. Due to the current economic uncertainty, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other financial considerations, our Board terminated dividend payments. No assurance can be given if, or when the Board will resume dividend payments. The declaration and amount of any actual cash dividend are in the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and are subject to numerous factors that ordinarily affect dividend policy, including the results of our operations and financial position, as well as general economic and business conditions. Accordingly, if and when any dividends will be declared in the future will be determined by our Board based on the Company’s future operations and on the Board’s decision regarding the use of any future earnings.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table provides information as of October 31, 2022 with respect to the shares of Company common stock that may be issued under the Company’s existing equity compensation plans:

Not applicable.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventory reserves and contingencies, on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be appropriate under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. In accordance with ASC (“Accounting Standards Codification”) 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, we recognize revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost method of accounting. Certain items in inventory may be considered obsolete or excess and, as such, we periodically review our inventories for excess and slow moving items and makes provisions as necessary to properly reflect inventory value. Because inventories have, during the past couple years, represented up to one-fourth of our total assets, any reduction in the value of our inventories would require us to take write-offs that would affect our net worth and future earnings.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We record our allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our assessment of various factors. We consider historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balance, credit quality of our customers, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets, for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment.

We test our goodwill and trademarks and indefinite-lived assets for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances require significant judgment and could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition and sale or disposition of all or a portion of a division. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimation of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rate of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, and determination of our weighted average cost of capital.

Income Taxes

We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates as of the date of the financial statements that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.

We account for uncertain tax positions by determining if it is “more likely than not” that a tax position will be sustained by the appropriate taxing authorities upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. An uncertain income tax position is not recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. We recognize interest and penalties related to certain uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense and the accrued interest and penalties are included in deferred and income taxes payable in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report for more information on our accounting for uncertain tax positions.

The calculation of the tax provision involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with management’s expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. 

Stock-based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes model to value our stock option grants. This valuation is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of inputs which involve significant judgments and estimates. These inputs include the expected term of employee stock options, the expected volatility of the stock price, the risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

For recently issued accounting pronouncements that may affect us, see Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

OVERVIEW

During the periods covered by this Annual Report, we marketed a variety of connector products, including connectors and cables, standard and custom cable assemblies, wiring harnesses and fiber optic cable products to numerous industries for use in thousands of products. We aggregate our operating divisions into segments that have similar economic characteristics and are similar in the majority of the following areas: (1) the nature of the product and services; (2) the nature of the production process; (3) the type or class of customer for their products and services; (4) the methods used to distribute their products or services; and (5) if applicable, the nature of the regulatory environment. We have two reportable segments – the RF Connector and Cable Assembly (“RF Connector”) segment and the Custom Cabling Manufacturing and Assembly (“Custom Cabling”) segment – based upon this evaluation.

The RF Connector segment was comprised of two divisions while the Custom Cabling segment was comprised of four divisions. The five divisions that met the quantitative thresholds for segment reporting in the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021 were the RF Connector and Cable Assembly division, Cables Unlimited, Rel-Tech, C Enterprises, and Schrofftech. Microlab, which the Company acquired in the current fiscal year ending October 31, 2022, is part of the RF Connector segment.

Revenues generated from the Custom Cabling segment were from the sale of fiber optics cable, copper cabling, custom patch cord assemblies, and wiring harnesses, which collectively accounted for 63% of the Company’s total sales, and revenues from the RF Connector segment were generated from the sales of RF connector products and cable assemblies and accounted for 37% of total sales for fiscal 2022. The RF Connector segment mostly sells standardized products regularly used by customers and, therefore, has a more stable revenue stream when compared to the Custom Cabling segment. The Custom Cabling segment mostly designs, manufactures, and sells customized cabling and wireless-related equipment under larger project-based purchase orders. Accordingly, the Custom Cabling segment is more dependent upon larger project orders, and its revenues, therefore, may be more volatile than the revenues of the RF Connector segment.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic and related actions taken by domestic and international jurisdictions to prevent disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. While the majority of the outbreak impacted our performance for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, during the periods covered by this report, we generally saw a recovery to a more normal environment though the operations at all locations were affected intermittently as some of our employee schedules were impacted, and as certain macro-economic conditions persisted. Because of the impact that COVID-19 had on our operations, in May 2020 we applied for and received loans under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, H.R. 748 (“CARES Act”) totaling approximately $2.8 million (“PPP Loans”). All of our PPP Loans have been forgiven and are considered paid in full (including applicable interest).

In March 2021, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released Notice 2021-20, which retroactively eliminated the restriction that prevented employers who received a PPP loan from qualifying for the Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), which is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes. Upon determination that the employer has complied with all of the conditions required to receive the credit, a receivable is recognized and the credit reduces salaries and wages. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, we qualified and filed to claim the ERC and have recorded the credit as a receivable in Other Current Assets. As of October 31, 2022, we carried a $1.6 million the ERC receivable in Other Current Assets. In January 2023, we received a refund of $1.2 million related to the ERC.

Financial Condition

The following table presents certain key measures of financial condition as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have been able to fund our liquidity and other capital requirements from funds we generated from operations. On March 1, 2022, we acquired Microlab. The acquisition of Microlab has affected both our liquidity and our capital resources. In order to acquire Microlab, we used $7.3 million of our cash on hand to pay a portion of the purchase price, thereby reducing the amount available for future acquisitions, for investments in the expansion of our existing businesses and assets, or as a reserve for unanticipated financial requirements. In connection with the purchase of Microlab, we entered into the Credit Facility and borrowed the full $17 million amount available under the Term Loan. We believe that our remaining and existing assets and the cash we expect to generate from operations and from our current backlog of unfulfilled orders, will be sufficient to fund our liquidity needs during the next twelve months from the date of this filing based on the following: 

As of October 31, 2022, we had a total of $4.5 million of cash and cash equivalents compared to a total of $13.1 million of cash and cash equivalents as of October 31, 2021. As of October 31, 2022, we had working capital of $26.7 million and a current ratio of approximately 2.4:1 with current assets of $46.2 million and current liabilities of $19.5 million.

As of October 31, 2022, our backlog was $27.8 million compared to a backlog of $33.3 million as of October 31, 2021. Since purchase orders are submitted from customers based on the timing of their requirements, our ability to predict orders in future periods or trends in future periods is limited. Furthermore, purchase orders may be subject to shipment delays and to cancellation from customers, although we have not historically experienced material cancellations of purchase orders.

As of October 31, 2022, we generated $2.9 million of cash in our operating activities. This net inflow of cash is primarily related to our net income of $1.4 million, $1.7 million from depreciation and amortization and increased accrued expenses of $3.1 million, increases in right of use asset of $3.4 million, and increased trade accounts receivable of $1.5 million due to timing of collections. The foregoing cash provided was primarily offset by increased inventory purchases (which increased our inventory balance by $6.1 million), deferred income taxes of $1.4 million, other current assets of $2.9 million and accounts payable of $1.1 million.

As of October 31, 2022, we also spent $2.7 million on capital expenditures, primarily related to lease hold improvements which were eligible for reimbursement (noted in other current assets), and $24.4 million on the purchase of Microlab offset by $17 million from the Term Loan as noted above which we have also paid $1.4 million down. The cash used in operating activities and the amounts spent on capital expenditures were partially offset by $0.1 million of proceeds that we received from the exercise of stock options.

Our goal to expand and grow our business both organically and through acquisitions may require material additional capital equipment. In the past, we have purchased all additional equipment, or financed some of our equipment and furnishings requirements through leases. Currently, no additional capital equipment purchases have been identified that would require significant additional leasing or capital expenditures during the next twelve months. We also believe that based on our current financial condition, our current backlog of unfulfilled orders and our anticipated future operations, we would be able to finance our expansion, if necessary.

From time to time, we may undertake acquisitions of other companies or product lines in order to diversify our product and solutions offerings and customer base. Conversely, we may undertake the disposition of a division or product line due to changes in our business strategy or market conditions.  Acquisitions may require the outlay of cash, which may reduce our liquidity and capital resources while dispositions may increase our cash position, liquidity and capital resources. Since our goal is to continue to expand our operations and accelerate our growth through future acquisitions, we may use some of our current capital resources to fund any acquisitions we may undertake in the future.

Results of Operations

The following summarizes the key components of our consolidated results of operations for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except percentages):

Net sales for the year ended October 31, 2022 (“fiscal 2022”) increased by $27.8 million (or 48%) to $85.3 million, as compared to net sales of $57.4 million for the year ended October 31, 2021 (“fiscal 2021”). The increase was due to the RF Connector segment ($15.5 million or 99% increase from fiscal 2021), which includes Microlab which we acquired March 2022 (which contributed $14.4 million in sales).

Net sales in the Custom Cabling segment increased by $12.3 million, or 29%, to $54.1 million compared to $41.8 million in fiscal 2021. The sales increase reflects the increase in project-based business that were primarily related to the sales of hybrid fiber cables used in the build out of 4G and 5G networks.

Gross profit for fiscal 2022 increased by $6.8 million (excluding ERC from fiscal 2021, gross profit increased $9.4 million) to $24.5 million, and gross margins decreased to 28.8% of sales from 30.9% of sales in fiscal 2021 (excluding ERC from fiscal 2021, gross margin increased when compared to fiscal 2021, which was 26.4%). The improved gross margin and gross profit, which excluding the impact of ERC from fiscal 2021, was primarily a result of higher sales and a better product mix with the acquisition of Microlab.

Engineering expenses increased $1.4 million to $2.9 million for fiscal 2022 compared to $1.5 million in fiscal 2021 (excluding ERC, engineering expense would have been $1.8 million). The primary reason for the increase is due to Microlab engineering expenses of $1.0 million. Engineering expenses represent costs incurred relating to the ongoing research and development of new products.

Selling and general expenses increased by $7.6 million to $19.4 million (to 22.8% of sales) in fiscal 2022 compared to $11.9 million (20.7% of sales) in fiscal 2021 (excluding ERC, selling and general expenses would have been $12.4 million (21.6% of sales)). Microlab accounted for $3.3 million of the selling and general expenses and acquisition related expenses and other one-time charges (including attorney fees, due diligence, and broker fees) accounted for $1.5 million and additional rent expense of $529,000 (non-cash) related to lease accounting for fiscal 2022. Selling and general expenses also increased as a result of the increase in net sales during the current fiscal 2022.

Other loss for fiscal 2022 is primarily interest expense of $0.4 million from the term loan and $0.2 million from foreign currency at time of collections. In February 2021, all of the $2.8 million of PPP Loans were forgiven and considered paid in full (including applicable interest), which debt forgiveness is reflected as “Other Income”.

The provision for income taxes was $0.1 million for an effective tax rate of 8.8% for fiscal 2022 and $1.0 million for an effective tax rate of 14.4% for fiscal 2021. The change in effective tax rate for fiscal 2022 and 2021 was primarily driven by the disproportionate impact of various permanent book-tax differences with respect to our forecasted book income or loss in each period.

For fiscal 2022, net income was $1.4 million and fully diluted earnings per share was $0.14 per share as compared to net income of $6.2 million and fully diluted earnings per share of $0.61 per share for fiscal 2021. For fiscal 2022, the diluted weighted average shares outstanding was 10,242,417 as compared to 10,154,239 for fiscal 2021.

Inflation and Rising Costs

The cost to manufacture the Company’s products is influenced by the cost of raw materials and labor. The Company has recently experienced higher costs as a result of the increasing cost of labor and the increasing cost of raw materials. The cost of raw materials is due in part to a shortage in the availability of certain products, the higher cost of shipping, and inflation. Labor costs have risen recently as a result of increases in the minimum wage laws and an increased demand for workers. The Company may, from time to time, try to offset these cost increases by increasing the prices of its products. However, because the prices of certain of the Company’s products, particularly those under longer-term manufacturing contracts for communications related products, are fixed until the goods are manufactured and delivered, implementing price increases frequently is often not feasible.

Not applicable to a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of SEC Regulation S-K.

The Company’s financial statements required by this item are set forth as a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated by reference in this Item 8. The following Financial Statements of the Company with related Notes and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are attached hereto as pages F-1 to F-22 and filed as part of this Annual Report:

None

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) that are designed to assure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide reasonable assurance only of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in weighting the costs and benefits of possible new or different controls and procedures. Limitations are inherent in all control systems, so no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and any fraud have been detected.

As required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b), as of the end of the period covered by this report, management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level as of October 31, 2022.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Our system of internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the above evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of October 31, 2022.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Controls

Other than as described below, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2022 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Scope of Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As described throughout this Annual Report, on March 1, 2022 we acquired Microlab, which is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. While our financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 include the results of Microlab from March 1, 2022 through October 31, 2022, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, our management's assessment of our internal control over financial reporting did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting for Microlab. Further, our management's conclusion regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2022 does not extend to the internal control over financial reporting for Microlab.

We regularly review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes to our processes and systems to improve controls and increase efficiency, and to maintain an effective internal control environment. Changes may include such activities as implementing new, more efficient systems, consolidating activities, and migrating processes. We did not make any material change to our internal control over financial reporting due to the acquisition.

We are currently integrating policies, processes, technology, and operations for the consolidated company and will continue to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting as we develop and execute our integration plans. Until the Company is fully integrated, we will maintain the operational integrity of each company's internal control over financial reporting. Microlab constituted $9.0 million of total assets as of October 31, 2022 and $14.4 million of revenues for the year then ended.

Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART III

Set forth below is information regarding the Company’s directors, including information furnished by them as to their principal occupations for the last five years, and their ages as of January 15, 2023. Other than Robert Dawson, our current President and Chief Executive Officer, all of the Directors are “independent directors” as defined by the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market, and the Board of Directors has determined that such independent directors have no relationship with the Company that would interfere with the exercise of their independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Mark K. Holdsworth was appointed to the Board on December 31, 2020. Mr. Holdsworth is the Managing Partner of The Holdsworth Group, LLC (“THG”), which he founded in 2019. THG is a capital partner, advisor, and curator of alternative investments for family offices and corporations worldwide. From 1999-2018, Mr. Holdsworth was a Co-Founder, Managing Partner and Operating Partner of Tennenbaum Capital Partners, LLC (“TCP”), a Los Angeles-based private multi-strategy investment firm that was acquired by BlackRock, Inc. in August 2018, and was a Managing Director of BlackRock until April 2019. Mr. Holdsworth is currently a director of Parsons Corporation (NYSE: PSN), where he previously held the position of Chairman of the Corporate Governance and Responsibility Committee, and was a former member of the Executive Committee. Mr. Holdsworth earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Pomona College, a Bachelor of Science degree (with Honors) from the California Institute of Technology and a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School.

Sheryl Cefali was appointed to the Board of Directors in 2019 and currently serves as the Chair of the Compensation Committee and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. Ms. Cefali is a Managing Director in the Duff & Phelps Opinions Practice of Kroll, LLC. Ms. Cefali has over 30 years of experience rendering fairness and solvency opinions and determining valuations of companies and securities. She is a member of the Fairness and Solvency Opinion Senior Review Committee at Duff & Phelps. Prior to joining Duff & Phelps in 1990, she was a Vice President with Houlihan Lokey. Ms. Cefali received her M.B.A. with a concentration in finance from the University of Southern California and her B.A. degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara.

Jason Cohenour was appointed to the Board of Directors in 2022 and serves as a member of the Board’s Audit Committee and Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee. Mr. Cohenour joins the Board with many years of executive leadership, sales, operations, and international merger and acquisition experience. Mr. Cohenour served as President, CEO and Director at Sierra Wireless, where he led the company from 2005 to 2018. At Sierra Wireless, Mr. Cohenour led a successful business turn-around, resulting in revenue growth of nearly 800% to an annualized run rate of over $800 million. Mr. Cohenour also held several executive positions at Sierra Wireless from 1996 to 2005, including Vice President of Sales, SVP of Sales & Marketing and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Cohenour also serves on the boards of CalAmp, Lantronix, and Blackline Safety Corporation. He has a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of Rhode Island.

Robert Dawson has been the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer since July 17, 2017. Effective July 21, 2018, Mr. Dawson was appointed to the Company’s Board to also serve as a director. Prior to joining RF Industries on July 17, 2017, Mr. Dawson was President and CEO of Vision Technology Services, an information technology consulting and project management company that was acquired by BG Staffing. He spent 2007-2013 at TESSCO Technologies, a publicly traded distributor of wireless products and services. At TESSCO Mr. Dawson held multiple executive roles in sales, marketing, product management and strategy culminating with being Vice President of Sales, responsible for TESSCO’s sales organization and leading a team delivering more than $700 million in sales. He joined TESSCO through the 2007 acquisition of NetForce Solutions, a technology training and consulting firm that he co-founded in 2000 and led as the Chief Executive Officer through seven years of growth before being acquired by TESSCO. Mr. Dawson received his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Hillsdale College.

Gerald T. Garland has been a Board member since 2017 and currently serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee and a Committee member on the Compensation Committee and the Strategy Planning and Capital Allocation Committee. From 2006 until 2015, Mr. Garland served as Senior Vice President of Solutions Development and Product Management for TESSCO Technologies, a publicly-traded value-added distributor and solutions provider for the wireless industry. Prior to that, Mr. Garland served as Senior Vice President of the Commercial Division at TESSCO, where he was responsible for sales, business and product development and product management at the Company’s core wireless communications business. He was previously Director of Business Development at American Express Tax and Business Services from 2002 to 2003, where he was involved in an expanded asset recovery capability for Fortune 1000 corporations. From 2000 to 2001, he was Chief Financial Officer at Mentor Technologies, a developer of on-line, Cisco certification training products. Mr. Garland was Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer at TESSCO Technologies from 1993 to 1999, during which he oversaw the company’s successfully completed initial public offering as well as TESSCO’s annual sales expansion from $50 million to over $160 million. Prior to joining TESSCO, Mr. Garland held leadership positions at Bank of America and Stanley Black & Decker. Mr. Garland received his M.B.A., with a concentration in Finance, from Loyola University and his Bachelor of Science in Business Management and Accounting from Towson University. He is currently the CEO and a Co-Founder of Life, Leadership and Legacy, LLC, the Managing Director at Incite Consulting and a member of the Board of Directors and Senior Adviser to the World Trade Center Institute. He is also a Senior Adviser and former Board member of SOZO Children.

Kay L. Tidwell was appointed to the Board in 2022 and serves on our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Compensation Committee. Ms. Tidwell is the Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Risk Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties Inc. She joined Hudson Pacific in 2010 and is responsible for the Company’s corporate legal function, overseeing corporate governance matters, SEC and NYSE compliance, insurance and litigation, as well as managing outside counsel. Prior to Hudson Pacific, Tidwell was an attorney at Latham & Watkins LLP, where she began her legal career in the Los Angeles office, advising on a wide variety of corporate and securities matters, including Hudson Pacific’s IPO. Tidwell also worked as the U.S. associate in the German offices of Latham & Watkins. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, magna cum laude, from Yale College. She also earned a Juris Doctor degree from Yale Law School.

The Company believes that Messrs. Holdsworth, Cohenour, Dawson and Garland and Ms. Cefali and Tidwell have the following qualifications as members of the Board of Directors:

Mark K. Holdsworth: Mr. Holdsworth has significant experience in investment banking and investment management. In addition, Mr. Holdsworth has experience in serving on the Boards of Directors of major public companies and as the Chairman of a Corporate Governance and Responsibility Committee.

Sheryl Cefali: Ms. Cefali has over 30 years of experience rendering fairness and solvency opinions and determining valuations of companies and securities. Ms. Cefali is currently a Managing Director in the Duff & Phelps Opinions Practice of Kroll, LLC, as well as a member of that firm’s Fairness and Solvency Opinion Senior Review Committee.

Jason Cohenour. Mr. Cohenour has extensive leadership and industry experience having served as President, CEO and Director at Sierra Wireless from 2005 to 2018. Mr. Cohenour also has corporate governance experience, including as a member of the audit committee and chair of the governance and nominating committee as a member of the Board of CalAmp, a connected intelligence company. Mr. Cohenour also serves on the board of Lantronix, and Blackline Safety Corporation.

Robert Dawson: Mr. Dawson has significant leadership experience in sales, marketing, product management and strategy for a leading publicly traded distributor of wireless products and services. Mr. Dawson also served as President and CEO of an information technology consulting and project management company and was a co-founder of a successful telecom and wireless technology training and consulting firm that he led for seven years of growth until it was acquired.

Gerald T. Garland: Mr. Garland has significant leadership experience in financial management, product management, sales management, solutions development and global sourcing. Mr. Garland has significant industry experience having served as the Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President for a leading publicly traded distributor and solutions provider of wireless products and services for over 18 years. Mr. Garland has also held senior leadership positions with Bank of America, Stanley Black & Decker and American Express Tax and Business Services.

Kay L. Tidwell. Ms. Tidwell has experience advising public company boards as a former attorney at Latham & Watkins. In her current role as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Risk Officer of Hudson Pacific Properties, Inc., she also has relevant corporate governance compliance and risk management experience.

Management

Robert Dawson, 49, has been the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer since July 17, 2017. Effective July 21, 2018, Mr. Dawson was appointed to the Company’s Board to also serve as a director. See preceding section for information regarding Mr. Dawson.

Peter Yin, 40, Chief Financial Officer, was appointed as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary effective July 11, 2020, promoted to Chief Financial Officer on January 12, 2021 and additionally appointed Treasurer on December 10, 2021. Mr. Yin, a Certified Public Accountant and a Certified Fraud Examiner, joined the Company in September 2014 and served as the Company’s Senior Vice President, Finance & Operations since November 2019. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Yin worked at Sony Corporation of America in Corporate Audit from 2010 to 2014, and at Grant Thornton in the Assurance practice from 2006 to 2010. Mr. Yin received a Bachelor’s degree in Accountancy from the University of San Diego.

Ray Bibisi, 58, joined the Company as Chief Revenue Officer in January 2020 and was promoted to Chief Operating Officer effective in May 2022. Prior to joining the Company, he spent over 30 years at Radio Frequency Systems, where he concurrently held the roles of Vice President of Sales and General Manager of North America, and was a member of the Global Governing Executive Committee, and concurrently also oversaw operations, finance, supply chain, and research and development.

Board of Director Meetings

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, the Board of Directors held seven meetings. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, each member of the Board of Directors attended at least 75% of the meetings of the Board of Directors and of the Board committees on which they served.

Board Age Limitation Policy

In December 2020, the Board adopted a policy that no individual shall be eligible to be nominated by the Board of Directors for election or re-election as a member of the Board if, at the time of the nomination, the individual has attained the age of 75 years.

Board Committees

During fiscal 2022, the Board of Directors maintained four committees: the Compensation Committee, the Audit Committee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and the Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee.

The Audit Committee meets periodically with the Company’s management and independent registered public accounting firm to, among other things, review the results of the annual audit and quarterly reviews and discuss the financial statements. The Audit Committee also hires the independent registered public accounting firm, and receives and considers the accountant’s comments as to controls, adequacy of staff and management performance and procedures. The Audit Committee is also authorized to review related party transactions for potential conflicts of interest and to conduct internal investigations into whistleblower complaints, and to oversee the Company’s cybersecurity risk, policies and procedures. During fiscal 2022, until September 8, 2022, the Audit Committee was composed of Mr. Garland (Chair), Ms. Cefali and Mr. Holdsworth. As of September 8, 2022, Mr. Cohenour replaced Mr. Holdsworth as a member of the Audit Committee upon joining the Board. Each of the current members of the Audit Committee is a non-employee director and is independent as defined under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s listing standards. In addition, each of the members of the Audit Committee has significant knowledge of financial matters, and Messrs. Garland and Cohenour are “audit committee financial experts.” The Audit Committee met six times during fiscal 2022.

The Compensation Committee currently consists of Ms. Cefali (Chair), Mr. Garland, Mr. Holdsworth, and Ms. Tidwell, each of whom is a non-employee director and is independent as defined under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s listing standards. During fiscal 2022, Marvin Fink served on the Compensation Committee until he resigned as a director as of September 6, 2022, and Ms. Tidwell was appointed to the Compensation Committee on September 8, 2022. The Compensation Committee is responsible for considering and recommending to the Board the compensation arrangements for senior management. As part of its other responsibilities, the Compensation Committee provides general oversight of our compensation structure and, if deemed necessary, retains and approves the terms of the retention of compensation consultants and other compensation experts. Other specific duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include reviewing the performance of executive officers; reviewing and approving objectives relevant to executive officer compensation; recommending equity-based and incentive compensation plans; and recommending compensation policies and practices for service on our Board of Directors and its committees and for the Chair of our Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee held six meetings during fiscal 2022.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for developing and recommending corporate governance guidelines to the Board, identifying qualified individuals to become directors, recommending selected nominees to serve on the Board, and overseeing the evaluation of the Board and its committees. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of Ms. Cefali (Chair), Mr. Holdsworth, and Ms. Tidwell, each of whom is a non-employee director and is independent as defined under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s listing standards. During fiscal 2022 Mr. Fink served on the Committee until he resigned as a director as of September 6, 2022 and Ms. Tidwell joined as of September 8, 2022. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee held six meetings during fiscal 2022.

The Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in carrying out its oversight responsibilities relating to potential mergers, acquisitions, divestitures, and other key strategic transactions outside the ordinary course of the Company’s business. This committee held eight meetings in fiscal 2022 and consists of Messrs. Holdsworth (Chair), Dawson, and Garland, and as of September 8, 2022, Mr. Cohenour.

The Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Committee each operate pursuant to a written charter, which charters are available on our website on www.rfindustries.com.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all of our Directors, officers and employees, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer. The Code is posted on our website at www.rfindustries.com. We intend to disclose any amendments to the Code by posting such amendments on its website. In addition, any waivers of the Code for Directors or executive officers of the Company will be disclosed in a report on Form 8-K.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), requires the Company’s executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Based solely upon a review of the Section 16(a) reports filed electronically with the SEC by our executive officers and directors and persons owning more than 10% of our common stock and upon any written representations received from the executive officers and directors, to our knowledge, during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, all Section 16(a) reports were timely filed.

The following table discloses the compensation awarded to, earned by, paid to or accrued to our named executive officers for services rendered to us for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.

Summary Compensation Table 

2022 Option Grants

On January 10, 2022, we granted incentive stock options to Mr. Dawson for the purchase of 46,667 shares, Mr. Yin for the purchase of 43,334 shares, and Mr. Bibisi for the purchase of 8,000 shares. The options vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the options shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining options shall vest in twelve equal quarterly installments over the next three years, commencing with the first quarter following January 10, 2023. All incentive stock options expire 10 years from the date of grant.

No other options were granted to the named executive officers during the year ended October 31, 2022.

Holdings of Previously Awarded Equity

Equity awards held as of October 31, 2022 by each of our named executive officers were issued under our 2020 Equity Incentive Plan and 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. The following table sets forth outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers as of October 31, 2022:

Outstanding Equity Awards As Of October 31, 2022

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we did not adjust or amend the exercise price of stock options awarded to the named executive officers.

Employment Agreements; Incentive Plan; Change of Control Arrangements

Employment Agreements

Robert Dawson. On July 17, 2019, RF Industries, Ltd. entered into a two-year employment agreement (the “2019 Agreement”) with Mr. Dawson. Under the 2019 Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Dawson an annual base salary of $400,000. Mr. Dawson was also eligible to participate in the Company’s annual bonus plan, pursuant to which he had the opportunity to earn a year-end bonus equal to fifty percent (50%) of his annual base salary.

On July 16, 2021, the Company entered into a new employment agreement (the “New Agreement”) with Robert D. Dawson, pursuant to which he continues to serve as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer. The New Agreement became effective on July 17, 2021 and replaced Mr. Dawson’s prior employment agreement that expired on July 17, 2021. The initial term of the New Agreement ends on January 31, 2023, after which the New Agreement shall automatically renew for additional one (1) year periods, unless either Mr. Dawson or the Company provides the other party with written notice of non-renewal at least ninety (90) days prior to the date of automatic renewal.

Under the New Agreement, the Company agreed to pay Mr. Dawson an annual base salary of $425,000. Mr. Dawson will also be eligible to participate in the Company’s annual bonus plan, pursuant to which he will have the opportunity to earn a year-end bonus equal to fifty percent (50%) of his annual base salary. Under the New Agreement, if Mr. Dawson’s employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than for “cause”, the Company is obligated to Mr. Dawson for (x) an amount equal to one year’s base salary as in effect at such time, and (y) the estimated pro rata portion of his target bonus that was earned through the date of termination, and the vesting period of all of Mr. Dawson’s unvested stock options and all unvested time-based restricted stock grants will automatically be fully accelerated as of the termination date. The foregoing provisions will not apply if Mr. Dawson voluntarily terminates his employment with the Company or is terminated for cause. Mr. Dawson’s annual base salary for fiscal year 2022 was $435,000.

Also, effective July 17, 2021, Mr. Dawson received a fully vested, ten-year immediately exercisable stock option to purchase 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The exercise price of this option is $8.69, which was the closing price on the date of the New Agreement. The New Agreement also provided that the vesting schedule of the remaining unvested portion of an option that was granted to him in 2017 was revised. On July 17, 2017, Mr. Dawson received stock options to purchase 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2017 Option”). The award has an exercise price of $1.90 and vests as to 10,000 shares per year on each anniversary of July 17, 2017 (with 10,000 shares having vested on July 17, 2017) while he is employed by the Company. As of July 17, 2021, 50,000 shares remained unvested under the 2017 Option. Under the revised vesting schedule, provided that Mr. Dawson is still employed by the Company, 25,000 shares of those unvested options under the 2017 Option vested on July 17, 2022, and the remaining 25,000 shares will vest on July 17, 2023.

Upon a Change of Control Transaction (as defined in the New Agreement), all of Mr. Dawson’s time based stock options and shares of restricted stock shall immediately vest, whether or not his employment is terminated. If, at the time of a Change of Control Transaction, Mr. Dawson’s employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than cause (as defined in the New Agreement), Mr. Dawson will be entitled to receive a change of control cash payment in an amount equal to 12 months of his base salary.

Peter Yin. Mr. Yin was promoted to Chief Financial Officer on January 12, 2021.  Mr. Yin is currently employed on an at-will basis without written employment agreement. Mr. Yin’s annual base salary for the fiscal year 2022 was $275,000.

Ray Bibisi. Mr. Bibisi was appointed to Chief Operating Officer in May 2022 and is currently employed on an at-will basis without written employment agreement.  Mr. Bibisi’s annual base salary for fiscal year 2022 was $210,000.

Adoption of Fiscal Year 2022 Management Incentive Equity and Cash Compensation Plan

On January 10, 2022, the Board adopted an annual incentive compensation plan for officers (including the Company’s named executive officers) and certain senior managers of the Company and its subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 (the “2022 Compensation Plan”). Under the 2022 Compensation Plan, each participant (i) received an equity award as a long-term incentive, and (ii) is eligible to receive a cash payment after the end of the fiscal year as a short-term incentive.

Equity Awards. In order to provide long term incentives to the Company’s officers and managers, on January 10, 2022 the Board granted participating officers and managers shares of restricted stock and options to purchase the Company’s common stock. Provided the participating officer or manager is still employed with the Company or its subsidiaries on the following dates, the shares of restricted stock and the options shall vest over four years as follows: (i) one-quarter of the restricted shares and options shall vest on January 10, 2023; and (ii) the remaining restricted shares and options shall vest in twelve equal quarterly installments over the next three years, commencing with the first quarter following January 10, 2023. The options have a ten-year term and an exercise price of $7.11 per share (which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant).

Mr. Dawson, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, also is a participant in the 2022 Compensation Plan and was granted 23,333 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 46,667 shares of common stock. Mr. Yin, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, was granted 8,333 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 43,334 shares of common stock, and Mr. Bibisi was granted 4,000 shares of restricted stock and options to purchase 8,000 shares of common stock. All of the foregoing options have an exercise price of $7.11, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Cash Incentives. Under the 2022 Compensation Plan, cash incentive bonuses, if any, will be paid to certain officers and senior managers based upon (i) the Company’s achievement of specified financial goals and (ii) the Board’s discretionary review of each participant’s performance during fiscal 2021. The corporate goals will apply equally to all participating officers and managers. The subjective performance of each officer will be evaluated and determined by the Compensation Committee, in its sole discretion, after consultation with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

The minimum, target and maximum cash bonus payable to the Chief Executive Officer is, respectively, 0%, 75% and 112.5% of his annual base salary, depending on achievement of the specified goals. For the other participants, the minimum bonus is 0%, the target bonuses range from 15% to 50% of base pay, and the maximum cash bonus payable ranges from to 22.5% to 75% of the recipient’s fiscal 2022 annual base salary. Bonuses will be weighted and based on (i) the Company’s achievement of certain fiscal 2022 revenues (weighted 30%), (ii) fiscal 2022 adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) (weighted 60%), and (iii) a subjective evaluation of each individual’s performance (weighted 10%). The calculation of adjusted EBITDA will exclude the impact of one-time charges related to any business acquisitions or dispositions effected during the year, severance payments, moving costs, the impact of the Federal Paycheck Protection Program loans the Company has received, earn-out payments or reversals, other non-recurring items, executive bonus payments and equity compensation expenses accrued to management. The Board and the Compensation Committee reserve the right to modify these goals, criteria and target percentage at any time, and to grant bonuses to the participants even if the performance goals are not met. In addition, the Board and Compensation Committee may modify the bonus plan targets to reflect significant changes in Company’s business, including changes due to acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or product lines. The 2022 bonuses will be paid within 75 days after the end to the fiscal year to participating officers and managers who are employed with the Company or its subsidiaries on the date of payment.

Change of Control Arrangements

As described in “Employment Agreements; Incentive Plan; Change of Control Arrangements--Employment Agreements--Robert Dawson,” above, Mr. Dawson is entitled to a cash payment and the acceleration of the vesting of certain of his options upon a Change of Control Transaction (as defined in his current employment agreement).

The outstanding stock options currently owned by the Company’s principal officers (including Messrs. Dawson, Yin and Bibisi) and division managers provide that, immediately prior to a change of control (as defined), all unvested stock options will become fully vested and exercisable. In addition, the shares of restricted stock granted to each of the non-executive directors for his/her services to be rendered during the current year, shall also become fully vested upon a change of control event.

The Company has no other change of control payment agreements that are currently in effect.

Compensation of Directors

Under the compensation policies adopted by the Compensation Committee, directors who also are officers and/or employees of the Company do not receive any compensation for serving on the Board. On September 8, 2021, the Board of Directors determined that the compensation payable to directors as Board fees for the next year ending with the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders was the same as they received in 2021 (i.e., $50,000). In addition, effective September 8, 2021, the Board determined that both Board fees and additional chair fees would be paid half in cash and half in restricted stock, and, in light of the additional work required by the chairs, revised the chair fees as follows, $25,000 for the Chairman of the Board, $25,000 for the Audit Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Compensation Committee Chair, $20,000 for the Strategic Planning and Capital Allocation Chair, and $10,000 for the Nominating & Governance Chair.

DIRECTOR COMPENSATION FOR 2022

On September 8, 2022, the Board of Directors determined that the compensation payable to directors as Board fees for the next year ending with the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders will be $90,000 ($40,000 in cash and $50,000 in restricted stock). In addition, effective September 8, 2022, the Board determined that additional chair fees and committee member fees would be paid in cash as follows:

The restricted stock fees vest on the earlier of (i) one year from the date of grant, or (ii) the Company’s next annual meeting of stockholders.  The number of restricted shares granted to each director was 7,485 determined by dividing the amount of the fee by the closing price of the Company’s common stock from the date of grant ($6.68).  Accordingly, on September 8, 2022, Mr. Holdsworth, Ms. Cefali, Mr. Cohenour, Mr. Garland, and Ms. Tidwell was granted 7,485 shares of restricted stock.  The cash fees vests in four equal quarterly installments paid in arrears commencing November 1, 2022.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the Company’s Common Stock as of January 2, 2023 for: (i) each director; (ii) the Company’s named executive officers; (iii) all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group; and (iv) all those known by the Company to be beneficial owners of more than 5% of the Common Stock. As of January 2, 2023, there were 10,198,700 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding.

* Less than 1%

None.

Audit Fees

The following is a summary of the fees billed to the Company by CohnReznick LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, for professional services rendered related to the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021:

Audit Fees. Consists of fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements and review of the interim financial statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided by CohnReznick LLP in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

Audit-Related Fees. Consists of fees billed for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit and review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” We did not incur such audit-related fees from CohnReznick LLP during fiscal 2022 and 2021.

Tax Fees. Includes fees associated with tax compliance at international locations, domestic and international tax advice and planning and assistance with tax audits and appeals.

All Other Fees. Includes the aggregate fees recognized for professional services provide by CohnReznick LLP, other than those services described above, including services related to other permissible advisory services.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto are listed and included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1.  The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report:

__________________________________________

#      Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(Code of Ethics)   previously filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 10-KSB for the year ended October 31, 2003, which exhibit is incorporated herein by reference.

Stockholders of the Company may obtain a copy of any exhibit referenced in this Annual Report on Form 10-K by writing to: Secretary, RF Industries, Ltd., 7610 Miramar Road, Bldg. 6000, San Diego, CA 92126. The written request must specify the stockholder’s good faith representation that such stockholder is a stockholder of the Company.

We may voluntarily include a summary of information required by Form 10-K under this Item 16. We have elected not to include such summary information.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Index

*       *       *

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands, except share amounts)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

(In thousands)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RF INDUSTRIES, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Business activities and summary of significant accounting policies

Business activities

RF Industries, Ltd., together with its five wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, hereinafter the “Company”, ”we”, “us”, or “our”), primarily engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of interconnect products and systems, including coaxial and specialty cables, fiber optic cables and connectors, and electrical and electronic specialty cables. For internal operating and reporting purposes, and for marketing purposes, as of the end of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, we classified our operations into the following five divisions/subsidiaries: (i) The RF Connector and Cable Assembly division designs, manufactures and distributes coaxial connectors and cable assemblies that are integrated with coaxial connectors; (ii) Cables Unlimited, Inc., the subsidiary that manufactures custom and standard cable assemblies, complex hybrid fiber optic power solution cables, adapters, and electromechanical wiring harnesses for communication, computer, LAN, automotive and medical equipment; (iii) Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufacturers cable assemblies and wiring harnesses for blue chip industrial, oilfield, instrumentation and military customers; (iv) C Enterprises, Inc., the subsidiary that designs and manufactures quality connectivity solutions to telecommunications and data communications distributors; (v) Schroff Technologies International, Ltd., the subsidiary that manufactures and markets intelligent thermal control systems used by telecommunications companies across the U.S. and Canada, and shrouds for small cell integration and installation, and (vi) Microlab, the subsidiary that designs and manufactures high-performance RF and Microwave products enabling signal distribution and deployment of in-building DAS (distributed antenna systems), wireless base stations and small cell networks. The Cables Unlimited and C Enterprises divisions are Corning Cables Systems CAH Connections^SM Gold Program members that are authorized to manufacture fiber optic cable assemblies that are backed by Corning Cables Systems’ extended warranty.

Use of estimates 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RF Industries, Ltd., Cables Unlimited, Inc. (“Cables Unlimited”), Rel-Tech Electronics, Inc. (“Rel-Tech”), C Enterprises, Inc. (“C Enterprises”), Schroff Technologies International, Ltd. (“Schrofftech”), and Microlab/FXR LLC (“Microlab”), wholly-owned subsidiaries of RF Industries, Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Revenue recognition

On November 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASC 606”) applying the modified retrospective method. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recorded in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for goods or services promised to customers. Under ASC 606, we follow a five-step model to: (1) identify the contract with our customer; (2) identify our performance obligations in our contract; (3) determine the transaction price for our contract; (4) allocate the transaction price to our performance obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this accounting principle, we recognize revenue using the output method at a point in time when finished goods have been transferred to the customer and there are no other obligations to customers after the title of the goods have transferred. Title of goods are transferred based on shipping terms for each customer – for shipments with terms of FOB Shipping Point, title is transferred upon shipment; for shipments with terms of FOB Destination, title is transferred upon delivery.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined using the weighted average cost of accounting. Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value due to damage, physical deterioration, obsolescence, changes in price levels, or other causes, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of sales in the period in which it occurs. The determination of market value and the estimated volume of demand used in the lower of cost or market analysis requires significant judgment.

Property and equipment

Equipment, tooling and furniture are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives (generally three to five years) using the straight-line method. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations in the period incurred.

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment analysis at least once annually, which we perform in October, or more frequently upon the occurrence of an event or when circumstances indicate that a reporting unit’s carrying amount is greater than its fair value.

We assess whether a goodwill impairment exists using both qualitative and quantitative assessments at the reporting level. Our qualitative assessment involves determining whether events or circumstances exist that indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If based on this qualitative assessment we determine it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will not perform a quantitative assessment.

Under the amendments of this update, the goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss should be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

No instances of goodwill impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 and 2021. We considered the impact of the COVID-19 related economic slowdown on our evaluation of goodwill impairment indicators as of October 31, 2022 as well as consideration of positive factors including backlog and sell-through subsequent to October 31, 2022. Although no goodwill impairment indicators were identified, it is possible that impairments could emerge as the impact of the crisis becomes clearer, and those impairment losses could be material.

On June 15, 2011, we completed the acquisition of Cables Unlimited. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Cables Unlimited reporting unit. As of May 19, 2015, we completed the acquisition of the CompPro product line. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the RF Connector and Cable Assembly Division. Effective June 1, 2015, we completed the acquisition of Rel-Tech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Rel-Tech reporting unit. On March 15, 2019, we completed the acquisition of C Enterprises; however, no goodwill resulted from this transaction. On November 4, 2019, we completed the acquisition of Schrofftech. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Schrofftech reporting unit. On March 1, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Microlab. Goodwill related to this acquisition is included within the Microlab reporting unit.

Long-lived assets

We assess property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, which are considered definite-lived assets for impairment. Definite-lived assets are reviewed when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. We measure recoverability of these assets by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property and equipment and intangible assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair market value. We have made no material adjustments to our long-lived assets in any of the years presented.

We amortize our intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and review these assets for impairment.

In addition, we test our trademarks and indefinite-lived asset for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired.

No instances of impairment were identified as of October 31, 2022 or 2021.

Fair value measurement

We measure at fair value certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair-value hierarchy:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3— Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, the carrying amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximated their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of the following as of October 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands): 

Amortization expense was $1,282,000 and $442,000 for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period for the amortizable intangible assets is 9.48 years.

There was no impairment to trademarks for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021.

Estimated amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Advertising

We expense the cost of advertising and promotions as incurred. Advertising costs charged to operations were approximately $333,000 and $314,000 in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and development

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Our research and development expenses relate to its engineering activities, which consist of the design and development of new products for specific customers, as well as the design and engineering of new or redesigned products for the industry in general. During the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we recognized $2,913,000 and $1,479,000 in engineering expenses, respectively.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method, based on the income tax laws and rates in the jurisdictions in which operations are conducted and income is earned. This approach requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Developing the provision (benefit) for income taxes requires significant judgment and expertise in federal, international and state income tax laws, regulations and strategies, including the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities and, if necessary, any valuation allowances that may be required for deferred tax assets. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Management’s judgments and tax strategies are subject to audit by various taxing authorities.