RAVE RESTAURANT GROUP, INC. - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[ X ] Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 23, 2018

[     ]  Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 0-12919

RAVE RESTAURANT GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

3551 Plano Parkway

The Colony, Texas 75056

(Address of principal executive offices)

(469) 384-5000

(Registrant's telephone number,
including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ X ] No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [ X ] No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One)

Large accelerated filer [   ] Accelerated filer [   ] Non-accelerated filer [   ] Smaller reporting company [ X ]

Emerging growth company [   ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [   ] No [ X ]

As of November 2, 2018, 15,071,311 shares of the issuer’s common stock were outstanding.

RAVE RESTAURANT GROUP, INC.

Index

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RAVE RESTAURANT GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Rave Restaurant Group, Inc. (the "Company") have been prepared without audit pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 24, 2018.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to fairly present the Company's financial position and results of operations for the interim periods reflected. Except as noted, all adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Results of operations for the fiscal periods presented are not necessarily indicative of fiscal year-end results.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All appropriate intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Fiscal Quarters

The three month periods ended September 23, 2018 and September 24, 2017 each contained 13 weeks.

Use of Management Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect its reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other various assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and actual results could differ materially from estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in contracts with customers and excludes incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties, primarily sales tax. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue.

As further described in Accounting Standards Adopted, Adoption of ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue recognition in fiscal 2019 follows ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” and ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing.” Prior year revenue recognition follows ASU Topic 605, Revenue Recognition.

The following describes principal activities, separated by major product or service, from which the Company generates its revenues:

Restaurant Sales

Revenue from restaurant sales is recognized when food and beverage products are sold in Company-owned restaurants. The Company reports revenue net of sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental taxing authorities.

Franchise Revenues

Franchise revenues consist of 1) franchise royalties, 2) supplier and distributor incentive revenues, 3) franchise license fees, 4) area development exclusivity fees and foreign master license fees, 5) advertising funds, and 6) supplier convention funds.

Franchise royalties, which are based on a percentage of franchise restaurant sales, are recognized as sales occur.

Supplier and distributor incentive revenues are recognized when title to the underlying commodities transfer.

Franchise license fees are typically billed upon execution of the franchise agreement and amortized over the term of the franchise agreement which can range from five to 20 years. Fees received for renewal periods are amortized over the life of the renewal period.

Area development exclusivity fees and foreign master license fees are typically billed upon execution of the area development and foreign master license agreements. Area development exclusivity fees are included in deferred revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and allocated on a pro rata basis to all stores opened under that specific development agreement. Area development exclusivity fees that include rights to subfranchise are amortized as revenue over the term of the contract.

For periods prior to adoption of Topic 606, revenue was recognized when we performed our obligations related to such fees, primarily the store opening date for initial franchise fees and area development fees, or the date the renewal option was effective for renewal fees.

Advertising fund contributions for Pie Five units represent contributions collected where we have control over the activities of the fund. Contributions are based on a percentage of net retail sales. The adoption of Topic 606 revises the determination of whether these arrangements are considered principal versus agent. For Pie Five, we have determined that we are the principal in these arrangements, and advertising fund contributions and expenditures are, therefore, reported on a gross basis in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. In general, we expect such advertising fund contributions and expenditures to be largely offsetting and, therefore, do not expect a significant impact on our reported income before income taxes. Our obligation related to these funds is to develop and conduct advertising activities. Pie Five marketing fund contributions are billed and collected weekly.

Supplier convention funds are deferred until the obligations of the agreement are met and the event takes place.

Accounting Standards Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP, including industry-specific requirements, and provides companies with a single framework for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. In March and April 2016, the FASB issued Topic 606. This update and subsequently issued amendments require companies to recognize revenue at amounts that reflect the consideration to which the companies expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services at the time of transfer. Topic 606 requires that we assess contracts to determine each separate and distinct performance obligation. If a contract has multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price using our best estimate of the standalone selling price to each distinct good or service in the contract.

The Company adopted Topic 606 as of June 25, 2018. See Note 2 for additional information.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock options using the fair value recognition provisions of the authoritative guidance on share-based payments. The Company uses the Black-Scholes formula to estimate the value of stock-based compensation for options granted to employees and directors and expects to continue to use this acceptable option valuation model in the future. The authoritative guidance also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow.

Compensation cost for restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) is measured as an amount equal to the fair value of the RSU’s on the date of grant and is expensed over the vesting period if achievement of the performance criteria is deemed probable, with the amount of the expense recognized based on the best estimate of the ultimate achievement level.

Discontinuation of Norco Distribution Division

During the fiscal quarter ended December 24, 2017, the Company discontinued its Norco distribution division and revised its arrangements with third party suppliers and distributors of food, equipment and supplies. As a result, sale of food, equipment and supplies is no longer recognized as revenue and the cost of such items is no longer included in cost of sales. The Company now recognizes incentive revenues received from third party suppliers and distributors as revenue.

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 and Topic 606 using the modified retrospective transition method effective June 25, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after June 25, 2018 are presented in accordance with Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 605, Revenue Recognition.

A cumulative effect adjustment of $1.6 million was recorded as a reduction to retained earnings as of June 25, 2018 to reflect the impact of adopting Topic 606. The impact of applying Topic 606 for the quarter ended September 23, 2018, was an increase in revenues of $450 thousand and an increase in pre-tax income of $31 thousand.

The adoption of Topic 606 did not impact the recognition and reporting of our two largest sources of revenue: franchise royalties and supplier and distributor incentives. The items impacted by the adoption include the timing of franchise and development revenue recognition and the presentation of advertising funds and supplier convention contributions.

Cumulative adjustment from adoption

As noted above, an after-tax reduction of $1.6 million was recorded to retained earnings to reflect the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606. This is comprised of $1.3 million related to domestic franchise and renewal fees, $0.2 million related to domestic area development fees and $0.3 million related to international development and franchise master license fees partially offset by $0.2 million in deferral of contract-related expenses.

The following chart presents the specific line items impacted by the cumulative adjustment to opening retained earnings:

The following charts present the specific line items impacted by the application of Topic 606 in the first quarter of fiscal 2019.

On May 23, 2007, the Company’s board of directors approved a stock purchase plan (the “2007 Stock Purchase Plan”) authorizing the purchase on our behalf of up to 1,016,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. On June 2, 2008, the Company’s board of directors amended the 2007 Stock Purchase Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock the Company may repurchase by 1,000,000 shares to a total of 2,016,000 shares. On April 22, 2009 the Company’s board of directors amended the 2007 Stock Purchase Plan again to increase the number of shares of common stock the Company may repurchase by 1,000,000 shares to a total of 3,016,000 shares. The 2007 Stock Purchase Plan does not have an expiration date. There were no stock purchases in the fiscal quarter ended September 23, 2018.

The Company is subject to various claims and contingencies related to employment agreements, franchise disputes, lawsuits, taxes, food product purchase contracts and other matters arising out of the normal course of business. Management believes that any such claims and actions currently pending are either covered by insurance or would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's annual results of operations or financial condition if decided in a manner that is unfavorable to the Company.

Stock Options:

For the fiscal quarter ended September 23, 2018, the Company did not recognize any stock-based compensation expense related to stock options compared to $10 thousand in the same period of the prior year. As of September 23, 2018, there was no unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options.

The following table summarizes the number of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to outstanding stock options:

Restricted Stock Units:

For the fiscal quarter ended September 23, 2018, the Company recognized $0.1 million in stock-based compensation expense related to RSU’s compared to no expense in the same period of the prior year. As of September 23, 2018, unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to RSU’s was $0.5 million.

A summary of the status of restricted stock units as of September 23, 2018, and changes during the fiscal quarter then ended is presented below:

The following table shows the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS calculation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS calculation (in thousands, except per share amounts).

For the three months ended September 23, 2018, options to purchase 378,056 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $1.55 to $13.11 were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

For the three months ended September 24, 2017, options to purchase 478,056 shares of common stock at exercise prices from $1.87 to $13.11 were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

In April, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity,” which modifies the definition of discontinued operations to include only disposals of an entity that represent strategic shifts that have or will have a major effect on an entity’s operation and requires entities to disclose information about disposals of individually significant components that do not meet the definition of discontinued operations. The standard was effective prospectively for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted.

The authoritative guidance on “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” requires that discontinued operations that meet certain criteria be reflected in the statement of operations after results of continuing operations as a net amount. This guidance also requires that the operations of closed restaurants, including any impairment charges, be reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented.

The authoritative guidance on “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized when the liability is incurred. This authoritative guidance also establishes that fair value is the objective for initial measurement of the liability.

Discontinued operations include losses attributable to the discontinued Norco distribution and supply division, leased buildings associated with Company-owned restaurants closed in prior years, and closed Company-owned restaurants closed in the reported period.

For the three months ended September 23, 2018, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $50 thousand calculated at a rate consistent with the 21% statutory U.S. federal rate. Income tax expense consists of $28 thousand in state taxes and $22 thousand in deferred taxes. The Company anticipates utilizing net operating loss carryforwards to offset any federal taxes.

The Company continually reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets, including an analysis of factors such as future taxable income, reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, and tax planning strategies. In assessing the need for the valuation allowance, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of deferred tax assets. Future sources of taxable income are also considered in determining the amount of the recorded valuation allowance. Based on the review of this evidence, the Company determined it was appropriate to reverse a portion of the valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets as of June 24, 2018.

As of September 23, 2018, the Company had $5.9 million of gross deferred tax assets partially offset by a valuation allowance of $2.4 million. The Company determined it was not necessary to further adjust the of valuation allowance. However, the Company will continue to review the need for an adjustment to the valuation allowance.

The Company has three reportable operating segments as determined by management using the “management approach” as defined by the authoritative guidance on Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information: (1) Pizza Inn Franchising, (2) Pie Five Franchising and (3) Company-Owned Restaurants. These segments are a result of differences in the nature of the products and services sold. Corporate administration costs, which include, but are not limited to, general accounting, human resources, legal and credit and collections, are partially allocated to the three operating segments. Other revenue consists of non-recurring items.

The Pizza Inn and Pie Five Franchising segments establish franchisees, licensees and territorial rights. Revenue for this segment is derived from franchise royalties, franchise fees, sale of area development and foreign master license rights and incentive payments from third party suppliers and distributors. Assets for this segment include equipment, furniture and fixtures.

The Company-Owned Restaurant segment includes sales and operating results for all Company-owned restaurants. Assets for this segment include equipment, furniture and fixtures for the Company-owned restaurants.

Corporate administration and other assets primarily include cash and short-term investments, as well as furniture and fixtures located at the corporate office and trademarks and other intangible assets. All assets are located within the United States.

Summarized in the following table are net sales and operating revenues, depreciation and amortization expense, income from continuing operations before taxes, capital expenditures and assets for the Company's reportable segments as of the three months ended September 23, 2018 and September 24, 2017 (in thousands):

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 24, 2018 and may contain certain forward-looking statements that are based on current management expectations. Generally, verbs in the future tense and the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intends,” “opinion,” “potential” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this report include, without limitation, statements relating to our business objectives, our customers and franchisees, our liquidity and capital resources, and the impact of our historical and potential business strategies on our business, financial condition, and operating results. Our actual results could differ materially from our expectations. Further information concerning our business, including additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 24, 2018. These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating forward-looking statements and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. The forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and, except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake, and specifically disclaim any obligation to, publicly update or revise such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.

Results of Operations

Overview

Rave Restaurant Group, Inc., through its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company” or “we,” “us” or “our”) operates and franchises pizza buffet (“Buffet Units”), delivery/carry-out (“Delco Units”) and express (“Express Units”) restaurants under the trademark “Pizza Inn” and operates and franchises fast casual pizza restaurants (“Pie Five Units”) under the trademarks “Pie Five Pizza Company” or “Pie Five”. The Company also licenses Pizza Inn Express, or PIE, kiosks (“PIE Units”) under the trademark “Pizza Inn”. We facilitate food, equipment and supply distribution to our domestic and international system of restaurants through agreements with third party distributors. At September 23, 2018, Company-owned, franchised and licensed units consisted of the following:

Domestic units are located in 24 states predominantly situated in the southern half of the United States. International units are located in seven foreign countries.

Basic and diluted income per common share improved $0.04 per share to a net income of $0.01 per share for the three months ended September 23, 2018, compared to a loss of $0.03 per share in the comparable period in the prior fiscal year. The Company had a net income of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 23, 2018, and net loss of $0.4 million in the comparable period in the prior fiscal year, on revenues of $3.0 million for the three months ended September 23, 2018 compared to $5.4 million in the comparable period in the prior fiscal year. The improvement in net income from the prior year was primarily due to the closing of poorly performing stores and reduced general and administrative expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA for the fiscal quarter ended September 23, 2018, decreased $0.2 million compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods shown (in thousands):

Pizza Inn Brand Summary

The following tables summarize certain key indicators for the Pizza Inn franchised and licensed domestic units that management believes are useful in evaluating performance.

Total Pizza Inn domestic retail sales increased $0.1 million, or 0.4%, for the three months ended September 23, 2018 when compared to the same period of the prior year. Pizza Inn domestic comparable store retail sales increased by $0.5 million, or 2.3%, for the three months ended September 23, 2018 when compared to the same period of the prior year.

The following chart summarizes Pizza Inn unit activity for the three months ended September 23, 2018:

There was no net change in the total domestic Pizza Inn unit count during the three months ended September 23, 2018. We believe that this represents a stabilizing of domestic unit count that will begin to increase in future periods. The number of international Pizza Inn units decreased by seven units in the three months ended September 23, 2018 due to closure of underperforming units.

Pie Five Brand Summary

The following tables summarize certain key indicators for the Pie Five franchised and Company-owned restaurants that management believes are useful in evaluating performance.

Pie Five system-wide retail sales decreased $0.8 million, or 6.4%, for the three months ended September 23, 2018 when compared to the same period of the prior year. Compared to the same fiscal quarter of the prior year, average units open in the period decreased from 84 to 72. Comparable store retail sales decreased by $0.2 million, or 1.8%, during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period of the prior year.

The following chart summarizes Pie Five Unit activity for the three months ended September 23, 2018:

The net decrease of two Pie Five Units during the three months ended September 23, 2018 was primarily the result of the closure of poor-performing stores, which we believe will provide a stronger foundation for future brand growth. We believe that this trend of net store closures will moderate and then reverse in future periods. We do not anticipate the opening of additional Company-owned Pie Five Units in the near future.

Average weekly sales for Company-owned Pie Five Units decreased $3,562, or 28.9%, to $8,769 for the three months ended September 23, 2018 compared to $12,331 for the same period of the prior fiscal year. Company-owned Pie Five restaurant operating cash flow increased $20 thousand during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 compared to the same period of prior year. Loss from continuing operations before taxes for Company-owned Pie Five stores improved $0.7 million for the three months ended September 23, 2018 compared to the same period of the prior year. The decrease in retail sales was due to the combined impact of decreased store count and lower average weekly sales.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Terms

The Company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). However, the Company also presents and discusses certain non-GAAP financial measures that it believes are useful to investors as measures of operating performance. Management may also use such non-GAAP financial measures in evaluating the effectiveness of business strategies and for planning and budgeting purposes. However, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be viewed as an alternative or substitute for the results reflected in the Company’s GAAP financial statements.

We consider EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be important supplemental measures of operating performance that are commonly used by securities analysts, investors and other parties interested in our industry. We believe that EBITDA is helpful to investors in evaluating our results of operations without the impact of expenses affected by financing methods, accounting methods and the tax environment. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides additional useful information to investors by excluding non-operational or non-recurring expenses to provide a measure of operating performance that is more comparable from period to period. We believe that restaurant operating cash flow is a useful metric to investors in evaluating the ongoing operating performance of Company-owned restaurants and comparing such store operating performance from period to period. Management also uses these non-GAAP financial measures for evaluating operating performance, assessing the effectiveness of business strategies, projecting future capital needs, budgeting and other planning purposes.

The following key performance indicators presented herein, some of which represent non-GAAP financial measures, have the meaning and are calculated as follows:

Financial Results

During the fiscal quarter ended December 24, 2017, the Company discontinued its Norco distribution division and revised its arrangements with third party suppliers and distributors of food, equipment and supplies. As a result, sale of food, equipment and supplies is no longer recognized as revenue and the cost of such items is no longer included in cost of sales. The Company now recognizes incentive revenues received from third party suppliers and distributors as revenue.

In order to show the impact of this change and better reflect the current operational structure, the Company has redefined its operating segments as Pizza Inn Franchising, Pie Five Franchising and Company-Owned Restaurants. The following is additional business segment information for the three months ended September 23, 2018 and September 24, 2017 (in thousands):

Revenues:

Revenues are derived from franchise royalties, franchise fees, supplier incentives, advertising funds and convention funds and sales by Company-owned restaurants. The volume of supplier incentive revenues is dependent on the level of chain-wide retail sales, which are impacted by changes in comparable store sales and restaurant count, and the products sold to franchisees through third-party food distributors.

Total revenues for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 and for the same period in the prior fiscal year were $3.0 million and $5.4 million, respectively. The decrease in total revenues was driven by the reduction in the number of Company-owned stores and revenue recognized from defaulted area development agreements in the prior year, partially offset by advertising fund contributions and convention fund contributions that were previously recorded as an offset to franchise expenses before adoption of Topic 606.

Pizza Inn Franchise Revenues

Pizza Inn franchise revenues increased by $0.1 million to $1.9 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $1.8 million for the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily the result of $0.2 million in recognition of convention fund contributions that were previously recorded as an offset to franchise expenses before the adoption of Topic 606, partially offset by a reduction in supplier incentive revenues.

Pie Five Franchise Revenues

Pie Five franchise revenues decreased by $0.5 million to $1.0 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $1.5 million for the same period in the prior fiscal year primarily driven by the prior year’s $0.7 million for franchise and development fees, including defaulted area development agreements, partially offset by $0.2 million of advertising fund contributions that were previously recorded as an offset to franchise expenses before the adoption of Topic 606.

Restaurant Sales

Restaurant sales, which consist of revenue generated by Company-owned restaurants, decreased 94.8%, or $2.1 million, to $0.1 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018, compared to $2.2 million for the comparable period in the prior year. The decrease in restaurant sales was primarily a result of the combined impact of decreased Company-owned store count and lower average weekly sales.

Costs and Expenses:

Cost of Sales - Total

Total cost of sales, which primarily includes food and supply costs, labor and general and administrative expenses directly related to Company-owned restaurant sales, decreased to $0.2 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $2.1 million in the three month period ended September 24, 2017. The decreases were primarily the result of decreased Company-owned store count.

General and Administrative Expenses - Total

Total general and administrative expenses decreased to $1.4 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $2.1 million for the three month period ended September 24, 2017 primarily resulting from the lower number of Company-owned restaurants and decreased corporate overhead.

General and Administrative Expenses - Company-Owned Restaurants

General and administrative expenses for Company-owned restaurants decreased to $38 thousand for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $0.3 million in the three month period ended September 24, 2017 primarily as a result of lower store count.

General and Administrative Expenses - Corporate

General and administrative expenses for corporate decreased to $1.4 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $1.7 million for the three month period ended September 24, 2017. The decrease in general and administrative expenses for the three month period was primarily attributable to a reduction in the number of general and administrative employees.

Franchise Expenses - Total

Franchise expenses include general and administrative expenses directly related to the continuing service of domestic and international franchises. Franchise expenses increased to $1.1 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $0.6 million for the three month period ended September 24, 2017, primarily related to the change in accounting for convention fund contribution revenues and advertising fund revenues which were recorded as revenue in the current year due to adoption of Topic 606 but were recorded as reductions in expense in the prior year.

Franchise Expenses – Pizza Inn

Pizza Inn franchise expenses include general and administrative expenses directly related to the continuing service of the Pizza Inn domestic and international franchises. Franchise expenses increased to $0.6 million for the three month period ended September 23, 2018 compared to $0.3 million for the three month period ended September 24, 2017. The increase was primarily related to convention fund contributions which were recorded as revenue in the current year due to adoption of Topic 606 but were recorded as reductions to expense in the prior year.

Franchise Expenses – Pie Five