READING INTERNATIONAL INC - Quarter Report: 2018 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

_____________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended:  June 30, 2018

OR

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________



Commission file number 1-8625

READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (213) 235-2240



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

(Check one):  Large accelerated filer ☐  Accelerated filer ☑  Non-accelerated filer  ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐  No  ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.  As of August 7, 2018 there were 21,309,702 shares of Class A Nonvoting Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share and 1,680,590 shares of Class B Voting Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share outstanding.

 

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES



TABLE OF CONTENTS





 

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PART 1 – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 - Financial Statements



READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited; U.S. dollars in thousands, except share information)





See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited; U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data)









See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited; U.S. dollars in thousands)







See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited; U.S. dollars in thousands)









See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

 

Note 1 – Description of Business and Segment Reporting

 

The Company

Reading International, Inc., a Nevada corporation (“RDI” and collectively with our consolidated subsidiaries and corporate predecessors, the “Company”, “Reading” and “we”, “us”, or “our”), was incorporated in 1999.  Our businesses consist primarily of:



Business Segments

Reported below are the operating segments of the Company for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision-maker of the Company.  As part of our real estate activities, we hold undeveloped land in urban and suburban centers in New Zealand and the United States.



The table below summarizes the results of operations for each of our business segments for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Operating expense includes costs associated with the day-to-day operations of the cinemas and the management of rental properties, including our live theater assets.









A reconciliation of segment operating income to income before income taxes is as follows:





 

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies



Basis of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries as well as majority-owned subsidiaries that the Company controls, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”).  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.  These consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim reporting with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  As such, they do not include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. We believe that we have included all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period.



Operating results for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto. Significant estimates include (i) projections we make regarding the recoverability and impairment of our assets (including goodwill and intangibles), (ii) valuations of our derivative instruments, (iii) recoverability of our deferred tax assets, (iv) estimation of breakage and redemption experience rates, which drive how we recognize breakage on our gift card and gift certificates, and revenue from our customer loyalty program, and (v) allocation of insurance proceeds to various recoverable components. Actual results may differ from those estimates.



Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made in the June 30, 2017 comparative information in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to conform to the 2018 presentation.  These reclassifications relate to the following immaterial balances:



Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements



Adopted:





Our cinema and food and beverage revenue continues to be recognized upon sale and completion of the provision of the movie or performance, or delivery of food and beverage items. Where necessary, revenue is deferred until these obligations are discharged. Property rentals continue to be recognized on a straight line basis, and live theatre license fees continue to be based on a percentage of weekly ticket sales. Under the new standard, rewards owed to and points accrued by Members of our customer loyalty programs are held as deferred revenue. Revenue from unredeemed gift cards and certificates (known as “breakage” in our industry) is recognized in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer, when the Company expects that it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur for any estimated breakage amounts.



The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated January 1, 2018 balance sheet for the adoption of ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers were as follows:







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In accordance with the new revenue standard requirements, the disclosure of the impact of adoption on our consolidated income statement and balance sheet was as follows:







Refer to Note 1: - Description of the Business and Segment Reporting for a disaggregation of our revenue sources.



Cinema Segment



Sales of cinema tickets and food and beverage (“F&B”) revenue: recognized when sold and collected, either in cash or by credit card at our theatre locations and through our online selling channels. Sales of bulk or advanced tickets are deferred and recognized as revenue when the ticket is used to gain admission to a particular movie.



Gift Card/Certificate Programs: We run gift card and gift certificate programs in all three countries. Revenue from these programs is deferred and recognized when redeemed. From January 1, 2018, we recognize revenue on unredeemed cards and certificates using the proportional method, whereby breakage revenue is recognized in proportion to the pattern of rights exercised by the customer when the Company expects that it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur for any estimated breakage amounts. This is based on a breakage ‘experience rate’ which is determined by historical redemption data. 



Loyalty revenue: We run a customer loyalty program in every country. From January 1, 2018, a component of revenue from members of our Loyalty Programs relating to the earning of loyalty rewards is deferred until such a time as members redeem rewards, or until we believe the likelihood of redemption by the member is remote. Deferral is based on the progress made toward the next reward, the fair value of that reward, and the likelihood of redemption, determined by historical redemption data.



Advertising revenue: recognized based on contractual arrangements or relevant admissions information, as appropriate.



Real Estate



Live Theatre License Fees: We have real property interest in and license theatre space to third parties for the presentation of theatrical productions. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the license agreement, and is recorded on a weekly basis after the performance of a show has occurred.



Property Rentals:  We contractually retain substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of our real estate properties and therefore, we account for our tenant leases as operating leases.  Accordingly, rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

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Issued:





This standard, which becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months.  Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.  A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees with capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available.  While we are still evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements, we expect that upon adoption we will recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities and that the amounts could be material since a majority of our operating cinemas are leased.  We have developed an implementation plan. Significant implementation matters that we are addressing include (i) assessment of lease population, (ii) determination of appropriate discount rate to use and (iii) assessment of renewal options to include in the initial lease term. While the Company is continuing to assess the effect of adoption, the Company currently believes the most significant changes relate to the recognition of new ROU assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet for cinemas currently subject to operating leases.



Issued by FASB in January 2017, this standard removes the second step of the two-step impairment test for measuring goodwill and is to be applied on a prospective basis only. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2020, including interim periods within the year of adoption.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment

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tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017.  The standard has no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

Note 3 – Operations in Foreign Currency



We have significant assets in Australia and New Zealand. Historically, we have conducted our Australian and New Zealand operations (collectively “foreign operations”) on a self-funding basis where we use cash flows generated by our foreign operations to pay for the expense of foreign operations.  Our Australian and New Zealand assets and liabilities are translated from their functional currencies of Australian dollar (“AU$”) and New Zealand dollar (“NZ$”), respectively, to the U.S. dollar based on the exchange rate as of June 30, 2018. The carrying value of the assets and liabilities of our foreign operations fluctuates as a result of changes in the exchange rates between the functional currencies of the foreign operations and the U.S. dollar. The translation adjustments are accumulated in the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.



Due to the natural-hedge nature of our funding policy, we have not historically used derivative financial instruments to hedge against the risk of foreign currency exposure.  However, in certain circumstances, we move funds between jurisdictions where circumstances encouraged us to do so from an overall economic standpoint. Going forward, particularly in light of recent tax law changes, we intend to take a more global view of our financial resources, and to be more flexible in making use of resources from one jurisdiction in other jurisdictions.



As of December 31, 2016, we determined that certain historically long-term intercompany loans from our parent company (Reading International, Inc.), to our Australian subsidiary were short-term in nature. Subsequently, on September 1, 2017, we determined that the remaining AU$21.1 million intercompany loans originally classified as long-term should be considered as short-term as well. These loans were paid in full on December 21, 2017. We recognized a foreign exchange gain on these intercompany advances based on the relative strengthening of the Australian dollar to the U.S. dollar in the amount of $825,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 in our Consolidated Statements of Income. No further foreign exchange gains or losses were recognized in the first six months of 2018 in relation to these loans.



Presented in the table below are the currency exchange rates for Australia and New Zealand:





 

Note 4 – Earnings Per Share



Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the period and is calculated using the treasury stock method for equity-based compensation awards. 



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The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS and a reconciliation of the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:







Our weighted average number of common stock - basic decreased primarily as a result of the repurchase of shares of Class A Non-Voting Common Stock “Class A Common Stock”) during the 12 months ended June 30, 2018, pursuant to our current stock repurchase program offset by the issuance of shares due to the exercise of share options and vesting of restricted stock units.

 

Note 5 – Property and Equipment



Operating Property, net



As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, property associated with our operating activities is summarized as follows:







Depreciation expense for operating property was $5.4 million and $10.2 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and $3.5 million and $7.3 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.



Investment and Development Property, net



As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our investment and development property is summarized below:





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Construction-in-Progress – Operating and Investing Properties



Construction-in-Progress balances are included in both our operating and development properties. The balances of our major projects along with the movements for the six months ended June 30, 2018 are shown below:









Real Estate Transactions



Sale of Landholding in Burwood, Australia

On December 14, 2017, we received $28.1 million (AU$36.6 million) representing the final payment with respect to the $50.6 million (AU$65.0 million) sale price of our property in Burwood, Victoria, Australia.  Previously, partial payments of $16.6 million (AU$21.8 million) and $5.9 million (AU$6.5 million) were received on June 19, 2017 and May 23, 2014.



Purchase of Land at Cannon Park, Australia

On June 13, 2018, we acquired a 163,000 square foot (15,150 square meter) parcel of land at our Cannon Park ETC, in connection with the restructuring of our relationship with the adjacent land owner. Prior to the restructuring, this parcel was commonly owned by us and the adjoining land owner. In the restructuring, the adjoining land owner conveyed to us its interest in the parcel for AU$1. We granted the adjoining land owner certain access rights with respect to that parcel.



Purchase of Property in Auburn, Australia

On June 29, 2018, we purchased a property for $3.5 million (AU$ 4.5 million) in Auburn (Sydney area), Australia. The property which borders our Redyard ETC in Auburn on three sides to the east, west and south and consists of an approximately 16,830 square foot building located on an estimated 20,870 square foot lot, is subject to a lease to Telstra Corporation through September 2022.  This will allow us time to plan for the efficient integration into our ETC.  Including this acquisition, our Redyard ETC represents approximately 519,992 square feet (48,309 square meters) of land, with approximately 1,620 feet (498 meters) of uninterrupted frontage to Parramatta Road, a major Sydney arterial motorway.



 

Note 6 – Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures



Our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.



The table below summarizes our active investment holdings in two (2) unconsolidated joint ventures as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:





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For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the recognized share of equity earnings from our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures are as follows:





 



Note 7 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets



The table below summarizes goodwill by business segment as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.







The Company is required to test goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis and, if current events or circumstances require, on an interim basis.  Our next annual evaluation of goodwill and other intangible assets is scheduled during the fourth quarter of 2018. To test the impairment of goodwill, the Company compares the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including the goodwill, to determine if there is potential goodwill impairment. A reporting unit is generally one level below the operating segment. As of June 30, 2018, we were not aware that any events indicating potential impairment of goodwill had occurred.



The tables below summarize intangible assets other than goodwill as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.











Beneficial leases are amortized over the life of the lease up to 30 years, trade names are amortized based on the accelerated amortization method over their estimated useful life of 45 years, and other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives of up to 30 years (except for transferrable liquor licenses, which are indefinite-lived assets).  The table below summarizes the amortization expense of intangible assets for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018.  





 



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Note 8 – Prepaid and Other Assets



Prepaid and other assets are summarized as follows:





 

Note 9 – Income Taxes



On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law.  The Tax Act significantly changed the U.S. corporate income tax law by lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, imposing a one-time mandatory repatriation tax on earnings of foreign subsidiaries, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax.  Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Act, we made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in our financial statements as of December 31, 2017, pursuant to the guidance of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.  We recorded income tax expense in 2017 for the impact of the Tax Act of approximately $13.0 million.  This 2017 net amount is primarily comprised of $8.3 million from re-measurement of federal net deferred tax assets resulting from the reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate and a provisional amount of $4.7 million from the one-time mandatory repatriation tax on deferred earnings of our foreign subsidiaries.  As we complete our analysis of the Tax Act, collect and prepare necessary data, and interpret any additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS, we may make adjustments to the provisional amount. Those adjustments may materially impact our provision for income taxes in the period in which the adjustments are made.  The accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed in 2018.



The interim provision for income taxes is different from the amount determined by applying the U.S. federal statutory rate to consolidated income before taxes.  The differences are attributable to foreign tax rate differential, unrecognized tax benefits, and foreign tax credit. Our effective tax rate was 27.6% and 25.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The change between 2018 and 2017 is primarily related to the reduction of U.S. statutory corporate tax rate as the result of the Tax Act, foreign tax credit, partially offset by a change in the foreign tax rate differential and non-taxable insurance proceeds received in 2017.

 

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Note 10 – Debt



The Company’s borrowings at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, net of deferred financing costs and including the impact of interest rate derivatives on effective interest rates, are summarized below:











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Our loan arrangements are presented, net of the deferred financing costs, on the face of our consolidated balance sheet as follows:







Bank of America Credit Facility

On March 3, 2016, we amended our $55.0 million credit facility with Bank of America to permit real property acquisition loans.  This amendment reduces the applicable consolidated leverage ratio covenant by 0.25% and modifies the term of the facility based on the earlier of the eighteen months from the date of such borrowing or the maturity date of the credit agreement.  Such modification was not considered substantial in accordance with U.S. GAAP.



Cinema 1,2,3 Term Loan

On August 31, 2016, Sutton Hill Properties LLC (“SHP”), a 75% subsidiary of RDI, refinanced its $15.0 million Santander Bank term loan with a different lender, Valley National Bank.  This new $20.0 million loan is collateralized by our Cinema 1,2,3 property and bears an interest rate of 3.25% per annum, with principal instalments and accruing interest paid monthly. The new loan matures on September 1, 2019, with a one-time option to extend the maturity date for another year.



Bank of America Line of Credit

In October 2016, the term of this line of credit was extended to October 31, 2019.  Such modification was not considered to be substantial under US GAAP.



U.S. Corporate Office Term Loan

On December 13, 2016, we obtained a ten-year $8.4 million mortgage loan on our new Los Angeles Corporate Headquarters at a fixed annual interest rate of 4.64%.  This loan provided for a second loan upon completion of certain improvements.  On June 26, 2017, we obtained a further $1.5 million under this provision at a fixed annual interest rate of 4.44%.



Union Square Construction Financing

On December 29, 2016, we closed on our new construction finance facilities totaling $57.5 million to fund the non-equity portion of the anticipated construction costs of the redevelopment of our property at 44 Union Square in New York City. The combined facilities consist of $50.0 million in aggregate loans (comprised of three loan tranches) from Bank of the Ozarks and a $7.5 million mezzanine loan from Tammany Mezz Investor, LLC, an affiliate of Fisher Brothers.  At December 29, 2016, Bank of the Ozarks advanced $8.0 million to repay the then existing $8.0 million loan with East West Bank. As of June 30, 2018, an additional $4.4 million had been advanced under the senior loan facility, along with the full $7.5 million available under the mezzanine loan facility.



Presented in the table below is the breakdown of the Union Square construction financing as of June 30, 2018:









Westpac Bank Corporate Credit Facility

On December 15, 2017, we extended the maturity of the 1st tranche (general/non-construction credit line) of our Westpac Corporate Credit Facility to December 31, 2019. Prior to this on April 26, 2017, we extended the maturity of our entire Westpac Corporate Credit Facility of $35.9 million (NZ$53.0 million) to December 31, 2018, from March 31, 2018.  We are currently working on a longer-term renewal of our Westpac Corporate Credit Facility which will replace the existing facility.



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Bank of America Digital Projector Loan

On February 5, 2018, we purchased our U.S. digital cinema projectors, which had previously been held on operating leases, using a $4.6 million loan from Bank of America. We made further U.S. digital cinema projector purchases in March and April 2018, increasing this loan to $4.9 million. This loan carries an interest rate of 5%.



NAB Corporate Term Loan (AU)

On May 9, 2018, we extended the term of NAB Corporate Term Loan to December 31, 2019. Such modification was not considered to be substantial under US GAAP.

 

Note 11 – Other Liabilities



Other liabilities are summarized as follows:





On August 29, 2014, the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (“SERP”) that has been effective since March 1, 2007, was ended and replaced in accordance with the terms of a pension annuity.  As a result of the termination of the SERP program, the accrued pension liability of $7.6 million was reversed and replaced with this pension annuity liability of $7.5 million.  The valuation of the liability is based on the present value of $10.2 million discounted at a rate of 4.25% over a 15- year term, resulting in a monthly payment of $57,000.  The discount rate of 4.25% has been applied since 2014 to determine the net periodic benefit cost and plan benefit obligation and is expected to be used in future years.  The discounted value of $2.7 million (which is the difference between the estimated payout of $10.2 million and the present value of $7.5 million) as of August 29, 2014 will be amortized and expensed based on the 15-year term.  In addition, the accumulated actuarial loss of $3.1 million recorded, as part of other comprehensive income will also be amortized based on the 15-year term.



In February 2018 we made a payment of $2.4 million relating to the annuity representing payments for the 42 months outstanding at the time. Monthly ongoing payments of $57,000 are now being made.



As a result of the above, included in our current and non-current liabilities are accrued pension costs of $5.6 million at June 30, 2018.  The benefits of our pension plan are fully vested and therefore no service costs were recognized for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.  Our pension plan is unfunded.



During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, the interest cost was $45,000 and $90,000 respectively, and actuarial loss was $52,000 and $104,000 respectively. During the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, the interest cost was $45,000 and $90,000 respectively, and actuarial loss was $51,000 and $103,000.

 

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Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income



The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to RDI:





 

Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies



Litigation General  



We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings and, as required, have accrued estimates of probable and estimable losses for the resolution of these claims, including legal costs.



All of these matters require significant judgments based on the facts known to us. These judgments are inherently uncertain and can change significantly when additional facts become known. We provide accruals for matters that have probable likelihood of occurrence and can be properly estimated as to their expected negative outcome. We do not record expected gains until the proceeds are received by us.  However, we typically make no accruals for potential costs of defense, as such amounts are inherently uncertain and dependent upon the scope, extent and aggressiveness of the activities of the applicable plaintiff.



Environmental and Asbestos Claims on Reading Legacy Operations

Certain of our subsidiaries were historically involved in railroad operations, coal mining, and manufacturing.  Also, certain of these subsidiaries appear in the chain-of-title of properties that may suffer from pollution.  Accordingly, certain of these subsidiaries have, from time-to-time, been named in and may in the future be named in various actions brought under applicable environmental laws. Also, we are in the real estate development business and may encounter from time-to-time unanticipated environmental conditions at properties that we have acquired for development.  These environmental conditions can increase the cost of such projects and adversely affect the value and potential for profit of such projects. We do not currently believe that our exposure under applicable environmental laws is material in amount.



From time to time, there are claims brought against us relating to the exposure of former employees of our railroad operations to asbestos and coal dust. These are generally covered by an insurance settlement reached in September 1990 with our insurance providers. However, this insurance settlement does not cover litigation by people who were not our employees and who may claim second-hand exposure to asbestos, coal dust and/or other chemicals or elements now recognized as potentially causing cancer in humans. Our known exposure to these types of claims, asserted or probable of being asserted, is not material.



Cotter Jr. Related Litigation Matters

The following table provides a list of legal matters and current status relating to James J. Cotter, Jr’s (“Cotter, Jr.”) employment termination, Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s subsequent derivative action brought against the Company and our Directors alleging, among other things, that such termination violated the fiduciary duties of such Directors, and Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s efforts to cause a change of control of the Company, with detailed discussions following: 

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James J. Cotter, Jr., Litigation Matters.



The James J. Cotter, Jr. Derivative Litigation:  On June 12, 2015, the Board of Directors terminated James J. Cotter, Jr. as the President and Chief Executive Officer of our Company.  That same day, Mr. Cotter, Jr. filed a lawsuit, styled as both an individual and a derivative action, and titled “James J. Cotter, Jr., individually and derivatively on behalf of Reading International, Inc. vs. Margaret Cotter, et al.” Case No,: A-15-719860-V, Dept. XI, against our Company and each of our then sitting Directors (Ellen Cotter, Margaret Cotter, Guy Adams, William Gould, Edward Kane, Douglas McEachern, and Tim Storey) in the Eighth Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada for Clark County (the “Nevada District Court”).   Since that date, our Company has been engaged in ongoing litigation with Mr. Cotter, Jr. with respect to his claims against our Directors. Mr. Cotter, Jr.  twice amended his complaint, removing his individual claims and withdrawing his claims against Tim Storey (but reserving the right to reinstitute such claims), adding claims relating to actions taken by our Board since the filing of his original complaint, and adding as defendants two of our directors who were not on our Board at the time of his termination:  Judy Codding and Michael Wrotniak.  Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s lawsuit, as amended from time to time, is referred to herein as the “Cotter Jr. Derivative Action” and his complaint, as amended from time to time, is referred to herein as the “Cotter Jr. Derivative Complaint.”  The defendant directors named in the Cotter Jr. Derivative Complaint, from time to time, are referred to herein as the “Defendant Directors”.



All claims brought by Mr. Cotter, Jr., against Defendant Directors Judy Codding, William Gould, Edward L. Kane, Douglas McEachern and Michael Wrotniak were dismissed with prejudice by the District Court's order dated December 28, 2017, memorializing the Court’s finding that Mr. Cotter, Jr., had failed to raise any genuine issue of material fact relating to the lack of independence or disinterestedness of these directors.  Thereafter, on June 19, 2018, the Nevada District Court dismissed with prejudice all claims asserted by Mr. Cotter, Jr., against the remaining Defendant Directors, Guy Adams, Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter. The District Court granted the summary judgment motions in favor of these remaining Defendant Directors from the bench on June 19, 2018, and a final order is now being prepared. The previously announced July 9, 2018 trial date has been vacated. The June 19, 2018 dismissal with prejudice of claims against the Company's Directors was entered by the District Court over the protests of Mr. Cotter, Jr., and it is anticipated that Mr. Cotter, Jr. will likely appeal the District Court's decision. Mr. Cotter, Jr. has already appealed the District Court's December 28, 2017 decision.



The James J. Cotter, Jr., Employment Arbitration:  Our Company continues to be in arbitration with Mr. Cotter, Jr.  (Reading International, Inc. v. James J. Cotter, AAA Case No. 01-15-0004-2384, filed July 2015) (the “Cotter Jr. Employment Arbitration”) seeking declaratory relief and defending claims asserted by Mr. Cotter, Jr.  On January 20, 2017, Mr. Cotter Jr. filed a First Amended Counter-Complaint which includes claims of breach of contract, contractual indemnification, retaliation, wrongful termination in violation of California Labor Code § 1102.5, wrongful discharge, and violations of California Code of Procedure § 1060 based on allegations of unlawful and unfair conduct. Mr. Cotter, Jr. seeks compensatory damages estimated by his counsel at more than $1.2 million, plus unquantified special and punitive damages, penalties, interest and attorney’s fees.  On April 9, 2017, the Arbitrator granted without leave to amend the Company’s motion to dismiss Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s claims for retaliation, violation of labor code §1102.5 and wrongful discharge in violation of public policy.  The Cotter Jr. Employment Arbitration is in the discovery phase.   It is currently anticipated that the matter will be heard in October, 2018.



The James J. Cotter, Jr., Fee Reimbursement Litigation:  Mr. Cotter, Jr. also brought a direct action in the Nevada District Court (James J. Cotter, Jr. v. Reading International, Inc., a Nevada corporation; Does 1-100 and Roe Entities, 1-100, inclusive, Case No. A-16-735305-B) seeking advancement of attorney’s fees incurred in the Cotter Jr. Employment Arbitration.   Summary judgment was entered against Mr. Cotter, Jr. with respect to that direct action on October 3, 2016.



The T2 Derivative Litigation:  For a period of approximately 12 months, between August 6, 2015 and August 4, 2016, our Company and our directors other than Mr. Cotter, Jr. were subject to a derivative lawsuit  filed in the Nevada District Court captioned T2 Partners Management, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, doing business as Kase Capital Management; T2 Accredited Fund, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, doing business as Kase Fund; T2 Qualified Fund, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, doing business as Kase Qualified Fund; Tilson Offshore Fund, Ltd, a Cayman Islands exempted company; T2 Partners Management I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, doing business as Kase Management; T2 Partners Management Group, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, doing business as Kase Group; JMG Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Pacific Capital Management, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “T2 Plaintiffs”), derivatively on behalf of Reading International, Inc. vs. Margaret Cotter, Ellen Cotter, Guy Adams, Edward Kane, Douglas McEachern, Timothy Storey, William Gould and Does 1 through 100, inclusive, as defendants, and, Reading International, Inc., a Nevada corporation, as Nominal Defendant.  That complaint was subsequently amended (as amended the “T2 Derivative Complaint”) to add as defendants Directors Judy Codding and Michael Wrotniak (collectively with the directors initially named the “T2 Defendant Directors”) and S. Craig Tompkins, our Company’s legal counsel (collectively with the T2 Defendant Directors, the “T2 Defendants”).    The T2 Derivative Action was settled pursuant to a Settlement Agreement between the parties dated August 4, 2016, which as modified was approved by the Nevada District Court on October 6, 2016.   The District Court’s Order provided for the dismissal with prejudice of all claims contained in the T2 Plaintiffs’ First Amended Complaint and provide that each side would be responsible for its own attorneys’ fees. 



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In the joint press release issued by our Company and the T2 Plaintiffs on July 13, 2016, representatives of the T2 Plaintiffs stated as follows:  "We are pleased with the conclusions reached by our investigations as Plaintiff Stockholders and now firmly believe that the Reading Board of Directors has and will continue to protect stockholder interests and will continue to work to maximize shareholder value over the long-term.  We appreciate the Company's willingness to engage in open dialogue and are excited about the Company's prospects. Our questions about the termination of James Cotter, Jr., and various transactions between Reading and members of the Cotter family-or entities they control-have been definitively addressed and put to rest. We are impressed by measures the Reading Board has made over the past year to further strengthen corporate governance.  We fully support the Reading Board and management team and their strategy to create stockholder value.”



The T2 Plaintiffs alleged in their T2 Derivative Complaint various violations of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement and corporate waste by the T2 Defendant Directors.  More specifically the T2 Derivative Complaint sought the reinstatement of James J. Cotter, Jr. as President and Chief Executive Officer, an order setting aside the election results from the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, based on an allegation that Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter were not entitled to vote the shares of Class B Common Stock held by the Cotter Estate and the Cotter Trust, and certain monetary damages, as well as equitable injunctive relief, attorney fees and costs of suit.   In May 2016, the T2 Plaintiffs unsuccessfully sought a preliminary injunction (i) enjoining the Inspector of Elections from counting at our 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders any proxies purporting to vote either the 327,808 Class B shares held of record by the Cotter Estate or the 696,080 Class B shares held of record by the Cotter Trust, and (ii) enjoining Ellen Cotter, Margaret Cotter and James J. Cotter, Jr. from voting the above referenced shares at the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.  This request for preliminary injunctive relief was denied by the Nevada District Court after a hearing on May 26, 2016.



The Cotter Trust Litigation:  Up until his death on September 13, 2014, James J. Cotter, Sr., the father of Ellen Cotter, James J. Cotter, Jr. and Margaret Cotter, was our controlling stockholder, having the sole power to vote approximately 66.9% of the outstanding Class B voting common stock (the “Class B Stock”) of the Company.  Under applicable Nevada Law, a stockholder holding more than 2/3rds of the Company’s voting stock has the power at any time, with or without cause, to remove any one or more directors (up to and including the entire board of directors) by written consent taken without a meeting of the stockholders.



Following the death of Mr. Cotter, Sr., disputes arose among Ellen Cotter, James J. Cotter, Jr. and Margaret Cotter concerning the voting control and disposition of those shares. These disputes initially resulted in an action brought by Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter on February 5, 2015 in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles (the “California Superior Court”), in the case captioned In re James J. Cotter Living Trust dated August 1, 2000 (Case No. BP159755) (the “Trust Case”), to determine which of two trust documents controlled the living trust created by their father (the “Cotter Living Trust”). On March 23, 2018, the California Superior Court ruled that the trust document advocated by Mr. Cotter, Jr., was invalid.  That ruling has become final and non-appealable.  Accordingly, it has now been judicially established that Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter are the Co-Trustees of the Cotter Living Trust, and Margaret Cotter is the sole Trustee of the voting sub-trust to be formed under the Cotter Living Trust to eventually hold Class B Voting Stock representing approximately 66.9% of the outstanding voting stock of our Company (the “Cotter Voting Trust”).



Prior to this ruling, Mr. Cotter Jr. on or about February 8, 2017, brought an ex parte motion in the Trust Case seeking the appointment of a trustee ad litem to market and potentially sell the voting stock to be held by the Cotter Voting Trust.   In light of our Board’s determination that it would be in the  best interests of our Company and our stockholders generally to continue to pursue our Company’s business plan, and not to sell the Company at this time, the potential disruption to the achievement of that business plan and to the business and affairs of our Company generally if there were to be a change of control transaction at this time, the commitment of Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter to the pursuit and fulfilment of that business plan,  our Company has made filings in the California Superior Court opposing such an appointment of a trustee ad litem.



On March 23, 2018, the California Superior Court ruled that it would appoint a temporary trustee ad litem (the “TTAL”) “with the narrow and specific authority to obtain offers to purchase the RDI stock in the voting trust, but not to exercise any other powers without court approval, specifically the sale of the company or any other powers possessed by the trustees.”    No TTAL has been appointed to date.



On April 12, 2018, following the application for a writ by Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter as the Trustees of the Cotter Living Trust, and Margaret Cotter as the Trustee of the Cotter Voting Trust, the California Court of Appeals stayed all trial court proceedings and issued an Order to Show Cause as to why it should not vacate the California Superior Court’s Order that a TTAL be appointed to market the above referenced RDI stock and enter a different order denying Mr. Cotter, Jr’s ex parte petition seeking a TTAL.   It is not currently anticipated that a hearing will be held on this Order to Show Cause prior to September, 2018.



As of June 30, 2018, according to the books of the Company, the Cotter Living Trust held of record 696,080 shares of our Class B Stock constituting approximately 41.4% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock.  According to the books of the Company, the Estate of James J. Cotter (the “Cotter Estate”) as of that date held of record an additional 427,808 shares of Class B Stock, constituting approximately 25.5% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. We are advised, based upon public filings made by one or more of Ellen Cotter, Margaret Cotter and James J. Cotter, Jr. (the “Cotter Filings”) that the Class B Stock currently held of record by the Cotter Estate will eventually pour over into the Cotter Living Trust where it will then be placed in the Cotter Voting Trust.   At the

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present time, however, such Class B Stock is held of record by the Cotter Living Trust and the Cotter Estate, respectively.   Ellen Cotter and Margaret Cotter are also the Co-Executors of the Cotter Estate.



The California Superior Court, in the Trust Case, has jurisdiction over the Cotter Living Trust, which as described in more detail above, currently owns 41.4% of our Class B Stock, and, at such time as the Cotter Estate is probated, may receive up to an additional 25.5% of our Class B Stock, has jurisdiction over a potentially controlling block of our voting power.  Should the California Superior Court order the sale of the Cotter Living Trust’s Class B Stock and such sale be completed, then there may be a change of control of our Company, depending on, among other things, who the ultimate purchaser(s) of such shares might be, the number of shares of Class B Stock distributed by the Cotter Estate to the Cotter Living Trust, and whether the California Superior Court orders a sale of all or only some portion to the Class B Stock held by the Cotter Living Trust.



Costs of Litigation/Arbitration:  Our Company was legally obligated to cover the costs and expenses incurred by our Defendant Directors in defending the Cotter Jr. Derivative Action and the T2 Derivative Action.  Furthermore, although in a derivative action the stockholder plaintiff seeks only damages or other relief for the benefit of our Company, and not for the stockholder plaintiff’s individual benefit and, accordingly, although our Company is, at least in theory, only a nominal defendant, as a practical matter our Company had a direct interest in defending against Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s claims and opposing the remedies he was seeking. Mr. Cotter, Jr. was, among other things, (a) seeking an order that our Board’s termination of Mr. Cotter, Jr. was ineffective and demanding, as a remedy, that he be reinstated as the President and Chief Executive Officer of our Company, (b) seeking an order limiting the use of our Board’s Executive Committee, and (c) asserting that our Company has made materially misleading statements in certain press releases and filings with the SEC.  Accordingly, our Company also incurred, on its own account, significant cost and expense defending the decision to terminate Mr. Cotter, Jr. as President and Chief Executive Officer, its board committee structure, and the adequacy of those press releases and filings, in addition to its costs incurred in responding to discovery demands and satisfying indemnity obligations to the Defendant Directors.  Likewise, in connection with the T2 Derivative Action, our Company incurred substantial costs defending claims related to the defense of claims relating to the termination of Mr. Cotter, Jr., opposing his reinstatement, and defending the conduct of its annual meetings.  Cost incurred in the Cotter Jr. Employment Arbitration and in the defense of the Cotter Jr. Attorney’s fees case were direct costs of our Company.



The Directors and Officer’s Insurance Policy, in the amount of $10 million, was used to cover a portion of the costs of defending the Cotter Jr. Derivative Action, but has been exhausted.  We are now covering the defense costs of the Defendant Directors, in addition to our own costs incurred in connection with the Cotter Jr. Derivative Action. In 2017, these out-of-pocket costs totaled approximately $4.0 million.  Costs of the litigation for the six months ended June 30, 2018, ended were $2.6 million, compared to $1.2 million for the same period in 2017. This increase in expense was principally due to the need to prepare for the July 9, 2018 trial date ordered by the Nevada District Court and to prepare various dispositive motions setting forth defenses made available by the Nevada Court’s Dismissal in December, 2017, of the claims against Defendant Directors Codding, Gould, Kane, McEachern and Wrotniak. Those motions were successful and no trial was ultimately held.  While the Nevada District Court has now dismissed with prejudice on summary judgment all of Mr. Cotter, Jr’s claims against all of the Defendant Directors, it is anticipated that we will incur further costs defending Mr. Cotter, Jr’s appeal of the Nevada District Court’s dismissal of his claims.



Our Company has also incurred legal expense representing the interests of our Company in the Trust Case, opposing Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s Ex Parte Motion to seek a trustee ad litem to market stock potentially representing a controlling interest in our Company without the involvement of our Board of Directors and without any safeguards to protect the interests of non-controlling stockholders.



The Special Independent Committee: On August 7, 2017, our Board  appointed a Special Independent Committee to, among other things, review, consider, deliberate, investigate, analyze, explore, evaluate, monitor and exercise general oversight of any and all activities of the Company directly or indirectly involving, responding to or relating to the Cotter  Jr. Derivative Action, the Cotter Jr. Employment Arbitration, the Cotter Trust Litigation, and any other litigation or arbitration matters involving any one or more of Ellen Cotter, Margaret Cotter, James J. Cotter, Jr., the Cotter Estate and/or the Cotter Living Trust.



The STOMP Arbitration 



In April 2015, Liberty Theatres, LLC (“Liberty”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, commenced an American Arbitration Association arbitration proceeding against The Stomp Company Limited Partnership (“Stomp”), the producer of the show STOMP, in response to Stomp’s purported termination of their license agreement with Liberty relating to such show.  STOMP has been playing at our Orpheum Theatre in New York City for 23 years and still continues to play to date.  Liberty sought specific performance, injunctive and declaratory relief and damages.  Stomp counterclaimed for unspecified damages, alleging that Liberty has interfered with the Stomp’s endeavors to move the show to another Off-Broadway theater. Stomp based its purported termination of the license agreement upon the alleged deficient condition of the Orpheum Theater.



On December 18, 2015, the Arbitrator issued his Partial Final Award of Arbitration, providing for, among other things (i) the issuance of a permanent injunction prohibiting Stomp from “transferring or taking actions to market, promote, or otherwise facilitate any transfer of, STOMP to another theatre in New York City having fewer than 500 seats without Liberty’s prior written consent”, (ii) the Stomp’s

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Notice of Termination purportedly terminating the parties’ license agreement was invalid, null and void and the License Agreement remains in full force and effect, and (iii) the award to Liberty of its reasonable attorneys’ fees in an amount to be determined by the Arbitrator.



In explaining his decision to award Liberty its reasonable attorneys’ fees, the Arbitrator stated as follows:  “Liberty is entitled to such an award [of attorneys’ fees] not only because it is the prevailing party in this proceeding, but because [the Producer] unfairly disparaged the Orpheum and caused Liberty to incur attorneys’ fees in order to address and resolve [the Producer’s] groundless and frivolous allegations with respect to the Orpheum’s condition, Liberty’s performance under the License Agreement, and Stomp’s reasons for seeking to transfer STOMP to a larger theatre.”



In April 2016, we were awarded $2.3 million in attorney’s fees and costs. This amount, plus interest has now been paid in full, final payment being received on March 5, 2018. STOMP continues to play at our Orpheum Theater.

 

Note 14 – Non-controlling Interests



These are composed of the following enterprises:



The components of noncontrolling interests are as follows:





The components of income attributable to noncontrolling interests are as follows:







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Summary of Controlling and Noncontrolling Stockholders’ Equity



A summary of the changes in controlling and noncontrolling stockholders’ equity is as follows:







 

Note 15 – Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Repurchases



Employee and Director Stock Option Plan



The Company may grant stock options and other share-based payment awards of our Common Stock to eligible employees, directors, and consultants under the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). The aggregate total number of shares of the Common Stock authorized for issuance under the Plan is 2,197,460. 



During the Company’s 2017 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting held on November 7, 2017, the Company's stockholders, upon recommendation of the Board of Directors, approved an amendment to the Company's 2010 Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under such plan by an additional 947,460 shares.  The effect of the increase is to restore the amount of shares of Common Stock available under the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan from the 302,540 shares available as of September 30, 2017, back up to its original reserve of 1,250,000 shares.  As of June 30, 2018, we had 1,176,342 shares remaining for future issuances.



Since the adoption of the Plan in 2010, the Company has granted awards primarily in the form of stock options.  In the 1st quarter of 2016, the Company started to award restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to directors and certain members of management.  Stock options are generally granted at exercise prices equal to the grant-date market prices and typically expire no later than five years from the grant date.  In contrast to a stock option where the grantee buys the Company’s share at an exercise price determined on grant date, an RSU entitles the grantee to receive one share for every RSU based on a vesting plan.  At the discretion of our Compensation and Stock Options Committee, the vesting period of stock options and RSUs granted to employees ranges from zero to four years.  Grants to directors and certain executive officers are subject to Board approval.  At the time the options are exercised or RSUs vest, at the discretion of management, we will issue treasury shares or make a new issuance of shares to the option or RSU holder.



Stock Options

We estimate the grant-date fair value of our stock options using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model, which takes into account assumptions such as the dividend yield, the risk-free interest rate, the expected stock price volatility, and the expected life of the options.  We expense the estimated grant-date fair values of options over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Based on our historical experience, the “deemed exercise” of expiring in-the-money options and the relative market price to strike price of the options, we have not hereto estimated any forfeitures of vested or unvested options.



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There were no share options issued in the quarter ended June 30, 2018. The weighted average assumptions used in the option-valuation model were as follows:







For the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded compensation expense of $112,000 and $84,000, respectively.  For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded compensation expense of $197,000 and $139,000, respectively. At June 30, 2018, the total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested stock options was $1.1 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of 1.77 years.  The intrinsic, unrealized value of all options outstanding, vested and expected to vest, at June 30, 2018 was $2.2 million, of which 82.6% are currently exercisable.



The following table summarizes the information of options outstanding and exercisable as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:





Restricted Stock Units

We estimate the grant-date fair values of our RSUs using the Company’s stock price at grant-date and record such fair values as compensation expense over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.  The following table summarizes the status of the RSUs granted to-date as of June 30, 2018:





These RSU awards vest 25% at the end of each year for 4 years (in the case of members of management) and vest 100% on the date of grant which is early January of the year following in which such RSUs were granted (in the case of directors).  For the quarter ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded compensation expense of $227,000 and $180,000, respectively.  For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded compensation expense of $521,000 and $299,000, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation expense related to the non-vested RSUs was $1.5 million as of June 30, 2018, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average vesting period of 1.1 years.



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Stock Repurchase Program



On March 2, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors authorized management, at its discretion, to spend up to an aggregate of $25.0 million to acquire shares of Reading’s Class A Stock.  The previously approved stock repurchase program, which allowed management to spend up to an aggregate of $10.0 million to acquire shares of Reading’s Class A Common Stock, was completed as of December 31, 2016.



The repurchase program allows Reading to repurchase its shares in accordance with the requirements of the SEC on the open market, in block trades and in privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions and other factors.  All purchases are subject to the availability of shares at prices that are acceptable to Reading, and accordingly, no assurances can be given as to the timing or number of shares that may ultimately be acquired pursuant to this authorization.



Under the stock repurchase program, as of June 30, 2018, the Company has reacquired 433,361 shares of Class A Stock for $6.9 million at an average price of $15.97 per share (excluding transaction costs) to-date, of which 23,638 were purchased for $397,000 at an average price of $16.80 during 2018. 5,000 shares were purchased during the quarter ended June 30, 2018.  This leaves $18.1 million available under the March 2, 2017 program for repurchase as of June 30, 2018.  The Board authorization for the stock repurchase program is currently set to expire on March 2, 2019.

 

Note 16 – Derivative Instruments



From time to time, we purchase interest rate derivative instruments to hedge the interest rate risk that results from the variability of our floating-rate borrowings. Our use of derivative transactions is intended to reduce long-term fluctuations in cash flows caused by market movements. All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value through interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income. As of June 30, 2018, we do not have material derivative positions nor have designated any of these derivatives as accounting hedges.

 

Note 17 – Fair Value Measurements



ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.  The statement requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 material financial assets and financial liabilities were carried and measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



The following tables summarize our financial liabilities that are carried at cost and measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, by level within the fair value hierarchy.













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Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



The Company’s financial instruments also include cash, cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable.  The carrying values of these financial instruments approximate the fair values due to their short maturities. Additionally, there were no transfers of assets and liabilities between levels 1, 2, or 3 during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017.

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This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 (Financial Statements). The foregoing discussions and analyses contain certain forward-looking statements. Please refer to the “Forward Looking Statements” included at the conclusion of this section and our “Risk Factors” set forth in our 2017 Form 10-K, Part 1, Item 1A and the Risk Factors set out below.



Item 2 – Management’s Discussions and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Financial Condition and Results of Operations



BUSINESS OVERVIEW



We are an internationally diversified company principally focused on the development, lease or ownership, and operation of entertainment and real estate assets in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.  Currently, we operate in two business segments:



We believe that these two business segments complement one another, as we can use the comparatively consistent cash flows generated by our cinema operations to fund the front-end cash demands of our real estate development business.



Cinema Exhibition

We manage our worldwide cinema exhibition businesses under various brands:



Shown in the following table are the number of locations and theatre screens in our theatre circuit in each country, by state/territory/ region and indicating our cinema brands and our interest in the underlying assets as of June 30, 2018:









Real Estate

We engage in real estate development and the ownership, and rental or licensing to third parties of retail, commercial and live theater assets. We own the fee interests in all three of our live theaters, and in 11 of our cinemas (as presented in the preceding table).  Our real estate business creates long-term value for our stockholders through the continuous improvement and development of our investment and operating properties, including our entertainment-themed centers (“ETCs”).



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Our real estate activities have historically consisted principally of:



Cinema Exhibition

Our cinema revenue consists primarily of admissions, F&B, advertising and theater rentals.  Cinema operating expense consists of the costs directly attributable to the operation of the cinemas, including film rent expense, operating costs, and occupancy costs.  Cinema revenue and expense fluctuate with the availability of quality first run films and the numbers of weeks such first run films stay in the market.  For a breakdown of our current cinema assets that we own and/or manage, please see Part I, Item 1 – Our Business of our 2017 Form 10-K.



While our capital projects in recent years have been focused in growing our real estate segment, we have over the past two years placed special emphasis on the expansion and upgrading of our cinema exhibition portfolio, as discussed below:



Cinema Additions (including re-openings)

The latest additions and enhancements to our cinema portfolio are as follows:



Cinema Pipeline

Our cinema pipeline includes 3 new multi-screen locations in Australia which have been approved by our Board of Directors and which we anticipate bringing on line in 2019/2020.



Cinema Closures

We evaluate the performance of each of our cinemas and, in some instances, we may decide to close an operation when it is not economically viable to continue to operate from the location. We did not close any theaters in 2017 or to date in 2018.  While some of our theaters have encountered new competition, and others will benefit from planned refurbishment and upgrading, none of our leased theaters are currently slated for closure.



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Upgrades to our Film Exhibition Technology and Theatre Amenities

We continue to focus in areas of the matured cinema business where we believe we have growth potential and ultimately, provide long-term value to our stockholders.  These are (i) upgrading of our existing cinemas and (ii) developing new cinemas to provide our customers with premium offerings, including state-of-the-art presentation (including sound, lounges and bar service) and luxury seating.  As of June 30, 2018, the upgrades to our theater circuits’ film exhibition technology and amenities are summarized in the following table (excluding our managed cinema):





Real Estate

Our operating properties currently consists of the following assets:



At the beginning of January 2016, we ceased our live theatre business at our Union Square property in New York, terminated all tenant leases and prepared the property for redevelopment.  Accordingly, this property is no longer treated as an operating property.  In February 2018, we entered into a one-year license agreement with Audible, Inc. a subsidiary of Amazon, at the Minetta Lane Theatre.  We understand that Audible intends to produce one to two character plays, which it will record audio productions available through Audible.



In addition, we have various parcels of unimproved real estate held for development in Australia and New Zealand and certain unimproved land in the United States including some that was used in our legacy activities. 



Since January 1, 2017, we have added approximately 24,790 square feet of rentable square footage in our Australian ETCs, of which approximately 24,078 square foot has been leased at an average price of AU$71.16 per square foot, per year.

Our key real estate transactions in recent years are as follows:



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Strategic Acquisitions



Opportunistic Sales



Value-creating Opportunities

We are engaged in several real estate development projects to take our properties to their highest and best use.  The most notable of these value-creating projects are as follows:

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Under our insurance policy, for the Tory Street parking building we received an initial payment of $5.0 million in December 2016 and a final settlement of $20.0 million in May 2017, reaching the policy maximum of $25.0 million for the loss event. As a result, we recorded a gain of $9.2 million (NZ$12.7 million) representing excess insurance recoveries over the recorded property’s carrying value during the second quarter ended June 30, 2017. This amount is recorded net of demolition costs incurred and an allocation to lost profits, covered within the same insurance policy.



During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a gain on business interruption recoveries of $1.5 million (NZ$2.1 million), presented as part of the relevant segment revenue lines in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for that quarter.



Refer to Note 19 – Insurance Recoveries on Impairment and Related Losses due to Earthquake of our 2017 Form 10K for further details on the impact of the earthquake incident.



Corporate Matters



Our Financing Strategy



Our treasury management is focused on cash management using cash balances to reduce debt. We have used cash generated from operations and other excess cash, to the extent not needed for capital expenditures, to pay down our loans and credit facilities providing us flexibility on our available loan facilities for future use and, thereby, reducing interest charges. On a periodic basis, we review the maturities of our borrowing arrangements and negotiate for renewals and extensions where necessary in the current circumstances.



We extended the maturity, in April 2017 of our NZ$35.0 million (US$23.7 million) general/non-construction credit line and our NZ$18.0 million (US$12.2 million) construction credit line of our Westpac Corporate Credit Facility to December 31, 2018, from March 31, 2018. Subsequently, in June 2017, we fully paid our loan balance using the cash received from insurance settlement relating to Courtenay Central property damage; we then further extended the maturity, in December 2017 of the $35.0 million (US$35.9 million) general/non-construction credit line of our Westpac Corporate Credit Facility to December 31, 2019.



With the effectiveness of the new tax law, and the maturation of our operations in Australia and New Zealand we have adopted a global view of our financing capabilities.  We have taken advantage of overseas funding resources, for example, to reduce our need to draw upon more expensive domestic borrowings in connection with our redevelopment of our Union Square property.



Refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”) for more details on our cinema and real estate segments.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS



The table below summarizes the results of operations for each of our principal business segments along with the non-segment information for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017:





 “nm – not meaningful”

 

Consolidated and Non-Segment Results:



2nd Quarter and Six Months Net Results



Revenue for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased by 16% or $11.8 million, to $84.2 million and net income attributable to RDI common stockholders decreased by 74% or $14.0 million to $5.0 million.  The increase in revenue was principally due to the U.S. Cinema’s increase in attendance and total spend per patron, offset by New Zealand’s overall decreases in revenue in the Real Estate segment for the quarter. The decreases incurred in New Zealand were due to non-recurring receipt of business interruption proceeds that were received in the second quarter of 2017 in connection with the closure of our Courtenay Central ETC.  In addition, our Live Theater revenue also decreased compared to prior year which was due to the recognition in 2017 of the settlement payment related to the STOMP arbitration.  



The decrease in net income attributable to RDI common shareholders is due to a one-time gain on insurance recoveries of $9.2 million and a $9.4 million gain on sale of assets that were recognized for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.  Additionally, there was an increase in non-segment G&A expenses in 2018. Therefore, Basic EPS for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 decreased by $0.60 to $0.22 from the prior-year quarter.



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Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 13% or $18.2 million, to $160.0 million and net income attributable to RDI common stockholders decreased by 64%, or $14.0 million, to $8.0 million. Basic EPS for the first half of 2018 decreased by $0.60 to $0.35 from the prior-year period, mainly attributable to the one-time gain on insurance recoveries and gain on asset sale recognized for the six-months ended June 30, 2017.



Non-Segment General & Administrative Expenses

Non-segment general and administrative expense for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period of the prior year increased by 23% or $1.1 million and 26% or $2.5 million, respectively. This increase mainly relates to higher legal expenses incurred on the Derivative Litigation, the Cotter Employment Arbitration and other Cotter litigation matters and higher compensation costs, due to headcount and the timing of annual salary increases as well as timing of recording increases in variable compensation costs.  We believe that our defense costs with respect to Derivative Litigation will be substantially reduced by the grant of summary judgment in favor of all of our Defendant Directors by the Nevada District Court prior to trial.  Going forward, the costs with regard to this matter will, at least in the near term, be limited to the defense of Mr. Cotter, Jr.’s appeal of the Nevada District Courts determination.



Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased by $3.9 million and $4.4 million, respectively, compared to the equivalent prior-year period.  The change between 2018 and 2017 was primarily related to lower pretax income, the reduction in U.S. statutory corporate tax rate as the result of the Tax Act, foreign tax credit, partially offset by a change in the foreign tax rate differential and non-taxable insurance proceeds received in 2017.

 

Business Segment Results



At June 30, 2018, we leased or owned and operated 59 cinemas with 477 screens, had interests in certain unconsolidated joint ventures that own an additional 3 cinemas with 29 screens and managed 1 cinema with 4 screens.  During the period, we also (i) owned and operated five ETCs located in Newmarket Village (a suburb of Brisbane), Belmont (a suburb of Perth), Auburn (a suburb of Sydney) and Townsville in Australia and Wellington in New Zealand, (ii) owned and operated our headquarters office buildings in Culver City (an emerging high-tech and communications hub in Los Angeles County) and Melbourne, Australia, (iii) owned and operated the fee interests in three developed commercial properties in Manhattan and Chicago improved with live theaters comprising six stages and ancillary retail and commercial space (our fourth live theatre was closed at the end of 2015 as part of the Union Square property redevelopment), (iv) owned a 75% managing member interest in a limited liability company which in turn owns the fee interest in Cinemas 1,2,3, (v) held for development four parcels aggregating approximately 70.4 acres located in New Zealand, (vi) owned a 50% managing member interest in a limited liability company which in turn owns a 202-acre property that is zoned approximately 150 acres for single-family residential use (maximum  of 550 homes) and approximately 50 acres for high density mixed use in the U.S. and that is held for development, and (vii) owned approximately 200 acres in Pennsylvania and New Jersey from our legacy railroad business, including the Reading Viaduct in downtown Philadelphia.



The Company transacts business in Australia and New Zealand and is subject to risks associated with changing foreign currency exchange rates. The Australian and New Zealand Dollars based on the spot rate weakened versus prior quarter against the US Dollar impacting negatively the value of our assets and liabilities, whereas the six-month average rate for both the six-months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 have strengthened by 2.2% and 1.1% respectively. This has slightly increased our value of our Australian and New Zealand revenues and expenses.  Refer to Note 3 – Operations in Foreign Currency for further information.



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Cinema Exhibition



The following table details our cinema exhibition segment operating results for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively:

 “nm – not meaningful”



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2nd Quarter Results



Cinema Segment operating income

Cinema segment operating income increased by 28%, or $2.7 million, to $12.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017, primarily driven by increased operating income in the U.S. due to higher average ticket price (“ATP”), higher spend per patron (“SPP”) and increased attendance.   



Revenue

Cinema revenue increased by 19%, or $12.7 million, to $80.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017, primarily attributable to the U.S. segments strong growth, an increase in attendance in our New Zealand Cinemas, and an increase in SPP across all jurisdictions. Here are the changes in our cinema revenue by market:



Operating expense

Operating expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased by 16%, or $8.6 million to $62.7 million, primarily attributable to (i) higher film rent due to higher admissions revenue and stronger film product, (ii) higher F&B costs due to higher sales of F&B revenue and the introduction of enhanced food options, and (iii) higher occupancy costs due to the opening of Newmarket and  increased rent in our other locations.  These increases have been offset by savings on digital projection leasing costs in the U.S. due to the company purchasing the projectors from the lessor at the start of the year, reducing our leasing charges.



Operating expense as a percentage of gross revenue has been steady with a slight decrease of 2%, to 78%.  



Depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense

Depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased by 42%, or $1.5 million, to $5.0 million mainly due to the depreciation related to the completion of our capital improvements placed into service, including the purchase of our digital leasing equipment previously leased.

Six Month Results



Cinema Segment operating income

Cinema segment operating income increased by 21%, or $3.9 million, to $22.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017, primarily driven by the re-opening of our Courtenay Central Cinema in Wellington, New Zealand as well as increased operating income in the U.S. due to higher average ticket price (“ATP”) and higher spend per patron (“SPP”) across the circuit in all jurisdictions.



Revenue

Cinema revenue increased by 14%, or $18.4 million, to $152.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017, primarily attributable to the U.S. cinema segments strong growth, an increase in attendance in our New Zealand Cinemas, and an increase in SPP across all jurisdictions. Here are the changes in our cinema revenue by market:



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Operating expense

Operating expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 12%, or $12.5 million, to $120.0 million, primarily attributable to (i) higher film rent due to higher admissions revenue and stronger film product, (ii) higher F&B costs due to higher F&B revenue and enhanced food product, (iii) higher occupancy costs due to the opening of Newmarket and the re-opening of Courtenay Central and (iv) the unfavorable impact of foreign currency movements.  These increases have been offset by savings on digital projection leasing costs in the U.S. due to the company purchasing the projectors from the lessor at the start of the year, reducing our leasing charges.



Operating expense as a percentage of gross revenue has been steady with a slight decrease of 1%, to 79%.  



Depreciation,  amortization, general and administrative expense

Depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 27%, or $2.0 million, to $9.7 million, mainly due to the depreciation related to the completion of our capital improvements placed into service, including the purchase of our digital leasing equipment previously leased.

 

Real Estate

The following table details our real estate segment operating results for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively:







“nm – not meaningful”



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2nd Quarter Results



Real Estate Segment income

Real estate segment operating income decreased by 31%, or $0.8 million, to $1.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017, primarily attributable to our lower Live Theater revenue compared to prior year when we recorded a settlement payment related to the STOMP arbitration, as well as the non-recurring business interruption insurance proceeds related to the Wellington earthquake, also recorded in the second quarter of 2017 in New Zealand. 



Revenue

Real estate revenue for the quarter decreased by 8%, or $0.5 million, to $6.4 million mainly driven by decrease in 2018 revenue as a result of the STOMP arbitration and New Zealand business interruption proceeds received in the second quarter of 2017, which was offset by increased rental revenue in our expanded Newmarket ETC and from the new agreement with Audible at our Minetta Lane theater.



Operating expense

Operating expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased by 9%, or $0.2 million, due to the following:



Depreciation,  amortization, general and administrative expense

Depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased by 5%, or $0.1 million, to $1.9 million primarily driven by (i) increased depreciation expense due to capital improvements at various worldwide locations.



Six Month Results



Real Estate Segment income

Real estate segment operating income decreased by 12%, or $0.5 million, to $3.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017, primarily attributable to our lower Live Theater revenue compared to prior year when we recorded the settlement payment related to the STOMP arbitration, as well as the business interruption insurance proceeds also recorded in the second quarter of 2017 in New Zealand.  These decreases were to some extent offset by an increased operating revenue from our Courtenay Central ETC due to the full year of operations in 2018 compared to only one quarter of operation in 2017.



Revenue

Real estate revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 8%, or $0.9 million, to $12.3 million, mainly driven by the revenue at the Courtenay Central ETC, which was open for the entire year in 2018, increased revenue from the Newmarket ETCs additional expansion tenancies, the favorable impact of foreign currency movements, offset by the decrease in revenue from the STOMP arbitration in our live theater business.



Operating expense

Operating expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 13%, or $0.6 million, to $4.9 million, due to the following:



Depreciation,  amortization, general and administrative expense

Depreciation, amortization, general and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 29%, or $0.9 million, to $3.9 million primarily driven by increased depreciation expense due to capital improvements at the Newmarket ETC and Auburn locations.

 

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES



Our cinema exhibition business plan is to continue to identify, develop, and acquire cinema properties, where reasonably available, that allow us to leverage our cinema expertise and technology over a larger operating base.  In addition, we are refurbishing our cinema properties where feasible and appropriate, by adding (i) premium projection and sound presentation, (ii) recliner seating, and (iii) enhanced food and beverage options.    Our real estate business plan is to re-develop our existing property assets, where appropriate, to be sensitive to opportunities to convert our entertainment assets to higher and better uses, or, when appropriate, to dispose of such assets.  In addition, we review opportunities to monetize our assets where such action could lead to a financially acceptable outcome.  With the exception of our Cinemas 1,2,3 property, we do not have any plans to sell or convert any of our cinema operating properties, but instead intend, to the extent feasible and appropriate, to continue to upgrade our cinema operations. We also continue to investigate potential synergistic acquisitions that may not readily fall into either of our two cinema or real estate segments.



Liquidity risk is the risk relating to our ability to meet our financial obligations when they come due. In today’s environment, our financial obligations arise mainly from capital expenditure needs,  working capital requirements, and debt servicing requirements. We manage the liquidity risk by ensuring our ability to generate sufficient cash flows from operating activities and to obtain adequate, reasonable financing and/or to convert non-performing or non-strategic assets into cash.    



The changes in cash and cash equivalents are discussed as follows: 







Operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities for the first six months of 2018 increased by $7.3 million, to $13.3 million primarily driven by $5.9 million higher cash inflows from operating activities as well as a $1.4 million decrease in net operating assets.



Investing activities

Cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by $49.8 million compared to same period of 2017, to net cash used of $43.0 million, primarily due to our ongoing real estate development and cinema refurbishment activities.  



Financing Activities

The $29.2 million net cash provided from financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily related to $51.3 million of new borrowings (offset by $21.8 million of repayments).



We manage our cash, investments and capital structure so we are able to meet the short-term and long-term obligations of our business, while maintaining financial flexibility and liquidity. We forecast, analyze and monitor our cash flows to enable investment and financing within the overall constraints of our financial strategy.



At June 30, 2018, our consolidated cash and cash equivalents totaled $12.7 million. Of this amount, $3.0 million and $3.5 million were held by our Australian and New Zealand subsidiaries, respectively.  Our intention is to indefinitely reinvest Australian earnings but not indefinitely reinvest New Zealand earnings. If the Australian earnings were used to fund U.S. operations, they would be subject to additional state income taxes upon repatriation.



We have historically funded our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, investments in the acquisition of individual properties primarily from internally generated cash flows and lines of credit.  As noted in the succeeding table, we have $59.2 million unused/unrestricted capacity of credit facilities at June 30, 2018. In addition, we have $37.6 million and $12.2 million (NZ$18.0 million) unused capacity for Union Square development uses and construction funding for New Zealand, respectively.  The Minetta and Orpheum Theatres Loan will become due on November 1, 2018. Currently, we are negotiating with our lender to renew this borrowing on a long-term basis. We have commenced negotiations with our lenders in Australia, New Zealand and the US regarding the renewal and or replacement of corporate debt facilities that mature during 2019. There can be no assurance that we will be able to renew, extend or replace any of these loans on a timely basis or upon favorable terms.



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As part of our operating cycle, we utilize cash collected from (i) our cinema business when selling tickets and food and beverage items, and (ii) rental income typically received in advance, to reduce our long term borrowings and realize savings on interest charges.  We then settle our operating expenses generally with a lag within traditional trade terms.  This generates a temporary working capital deficit.  As discussed previously, we review the maturities of our borrowings and negotiate for renewals and extensions, as necessary for liquidity purposes.  We believe the cash flow generated from our operations coupled with our ability to renew loans when due will provide sufficient liquidity in the upcoming year.



The table below presents the changes in our total available resources (cash and borrowings), debt-to-equity ratio, working capital and other relevant information addressing our liquidity for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and preceding four years:









CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES



The following table provides information with respect to the maturities and scheduled principal repayments of our recorded contractual obligations and certain of our commitments and contingencies, either recorded or off-balance sheet, as of June 30, 2018:









Refer to Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.



Litigation

We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings and, as required, have accrued estimates of probable and estimable losses for the resolution of these claims. 



Where we are the plaintiffs, we expense all legal fees on an on-going basis and make no provision for any potential settlement amounts until received.  In Australia, the prevailing party is usually entitled to recover its attorneys’ fees, which typically work out to be approximately 60% of the amounts actually spent where first class legal counsel is engaged at customary rates.  Where we are a plaintiff, we have likewise made no provision for the liability for the defendant’s attorneys' fees in the event we are determined not to be the prevailing party.



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Where we are the defendants, we accrue for probable damages that insurance may not cover as they become known and can be reasonably estimated.  In our opinion, any claims and litigation in which we are currently involved are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.  It is possible, however, that future results of the operations for any particular quarterly or annual period could be materially affected by the ultimate outcome of the legal proceedings.  Please refer to Item 3 – Legal Proceedings in our 2017 Form 10-K for more information. There have been no material changes to our litigation exposure since our 2017 Form 10-K, except as set forth in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include in this Form 10-Q.



Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than the operating lease arrangements mostly relating to our operating cinemas, there are no off-balance sheet arrangements or obligations (including contingent obligations) that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in the financial condition, revenue or expense, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.



CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES



The SEC defines critical accounting policies as those that are, in management’s view, most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and the most demanding in their calls on judgment.  We believe our most critical accounting policies relate to:



We provided detailed discussion regarding these critical accounting policies in our 2017 Form 10-K and advise you to refer to that discussion.  Refer to Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements for more information regarding recently adopted and issued accounting pronouncements.



FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT



Currency and interest rate risk

The Company’s objective in managing exposure to foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations is to reduce volatility of earnings and cash flows in order to allow management to focus on core business issues and challenges.



We currently manage our currency exposure by creating, whenever possible, natural hedges in Australia and New Zealand.  This involves local country sourcing of goods and services as well as borrowing in local currencies to match revenues and expenses. Since we intend to conduct business mostly on a self-funding basis, except for funds used to pay an appropriate share of our domestic corporate overhead), we do not believe the currency fluctuations presents a material risk to the Company.  As such, we do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge against the risk of foreign currency exposure.



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Set forth below is a chart reflecting the currency trends for the Australian and New Zealand Dollars vis-à-vis the U.S. Dollar since 1996.



Our exposure to interest rate risk arises out of our intermediate term floating-rate borrowings.  To manage the risk, we utilize interest rate derivative contracts to convert certain floating-rate borrowings into fixed-rate borrowings. It is the Company’s policy to enter into interest rate derivative transactions only to the extent considered necessary to meet its objectives as stated above. The Company does not enter into these transactions or any other hedging transactions for speculative purposes.



Inflation

We continually monitor inflation and the effects of changing prices.  Inflation increases the cost of goods and services used.  Competitive conditions in many of our markets restrict our ability to recover fully the higher costs of acquired goods and services through price increases.  We attempt to mitigate the impact of inflation by implementing continuous process improvement solutions to enhance productivity and efficiency and, as a result, lower costs and operating expenses.  In our opinion, we have managed the effects of inflation appropriately, and, as a result, it has not had a material impact on our operations and the resulting financial position or liquidity.

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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS



Our statements in this interim quarterly report contain a variety of forward-looking statements as defined by the Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements reflect only our expectations regarding future events and operating performance and necessarily speak only as of the date the information was prepared.  No guarantees can be given that our expectation will in fact be realized, in whole or in part.  You can recognize these statements by our use of words such as, by way of example, “may”, “will”, “expect”, “believe”, and “anticipate” or other similar terminology.



These forward-looking statements reflect our expectation after having considered a variety of risks and uncertainties.  However, they are necessarily the product of internal discussion and do not necessarily completely reflect the views of individual members of our Board of Directors or of our management team.  Individual Board members and individual members of our management team may have a different view as to the risks and uncertainties involved, and may have different views as to future events or our operating performance.



Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or underlying our forward-looking statements are the following:

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The above list is not necessarily exhaustive, as business is by definition unpredictable and risky, and subject to influence by numerous factors outside of our control, such as changes in government regulation or policy, competition, interest rates, supply, technological innovation, changes in consumer taste and fancy, weather, and the extent to which consumers in our markets have the economic wherewithal to spend money on beyond-the-home entertainment.



Given the variety and unpredictability of the factors that will ultimately influence our businesses and our results of operation, it naturally follows that no guarantees can be given that any of our forward-looking statements will ultimately prove to be correct.  Actual results will undoubtedly vary and there is no guarantee as to how our securities will perform either when considered in isolation or when compared to other securities or investment opportunities.



Finally, we undertake no obligation to update publicly or to revise any of our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable law.  Accordingly, you should always note the date to which our forward-looking statements speak.



Additionally, certain of the presentations included in this interim quarterly report may contain “non-GAAP financial measures.”  In such case, a reconciliation of this information to our GAAP financial statements will be made available in connection with such statements.

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Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk



The SEC requires that registrants include information about potential effects of changes in currency exchange and interest rates in their filings.  Several alternatives, all with some limitations, have been offered.  We base the following discussion on a sensitivity analysis that models the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates.  This analysis is constrained by several factors, including the following:

Although the results of such an analysis may be useful as a benchmark, they should not be viewed as forecasts.

At June 30, 2018, approximately 38% and 15% of our assets were invested in assets denominated in Australian dollars (Reading Australia) and New Zealand dollars (Reading New Zealand), respectively, including approximately $6.5 million in cash and cash equivalents.  At December 31, 2017, approximately 40% and 15% of our assets were invested in assets denominated in Australian dollars (Reading Australia) and New Zealand dollars (Reading New Zealand), including approximately $4.5 million in cash and cash equivalents.



Our policy in Australia and New Zealand is to match revenues and expenses, whenever possible, in local currencies.  As a result, we have procured a majority of our expenses in Australia and New Zealand in local currencies.  Despite this natural hedge, recent movements in foreign currencies have had an effect on our current earnings.  Although foreign currency has had an effect on our current earnings, the effect of the translation adjustment on our assets and liabilities noted in our other comprehensive income was an increase of $8.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018.  As we continue to progress our acquisition and development activities in Australia and New Zealand, we cannot assure you that the foreign currency effect on our earnings will not be material in the future.



Historically, our policy has been to borrow in local currencies to finance the development and construction of our long-term assets in Australia and New Zealand whenever possible.  As a result, the borrowings in local currencies have provided somewhat of a natural hedge against the foreign currency exchange exposure.  Even so, and as a result of our issuance of subordinated Trust Preferred Securities in 2007, and their subsequent partial repayment, approximately 75% and 65% of our Australian and New Zealand assets, respectively, remain subject to such exposure, unless we elect to hedge our foreign currency exchange between the US and Australian and New Zealand dollars.  If the foreign currency rates were to fluctuate by 10%, the resulting change in Australian and New Zealand assets would be $12.6 million and $4.1 million, respectively, and the change in our quarterly net income would be $0.9 million and $0.1 million, respectively.  Presently, we have no plan to hedge such exposure.



We record unrealized foreign currency translation gains or losses that could materially affect our financial position.  As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the balance of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments was approximately $14.8 million gain and $23.6 million gain, respectively.



Historically, we maintain most of our cash and cash equivalent balances in short-term money market instruments with original maturities of three months or less.  Due to the short-term nature of such investments, a change of 1% in short-term interest rates would not have a material effect on our financial condition.



We have a combination of fixed and variable interest rate loans. In connection with our variable interest rate loans, a change of approximately 1% in short-term interest rates would have resulted in approximately $175,000 increase or decrease in our quarterly interest expense.





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Item 4 – Controls and Procedures



We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.



Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such, term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act.  Based upon that evaluation, we concluded that, as of June 30, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.



Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting



During the first quarter of 2018, we implemented the provisions of ASU 2014-09, which impacted certain of our accounting processes and policies around revenue recognition. As a result, we added certain internal controls around the accumulation of information related to our customer loyalty arrangements. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – Other Information



Item 1 – Legal Proceedings



The information required under Part II, Item 1 (Legal Proceedings) is incorporated by reference to the information contained in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein in Part I, Item 1 (Financial Statements) on this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.



For further details on our legal proceedings, please refer to Item 3, Legal Proceedings, contained in our 2017 Form 10-K.



Item 1A – Risk Factors 



There have been no material changes in risk factors as previously disclosed in our 2017 Form 10-K.



Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds



There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the periods covered by this report.



The following table summarizes our repurchases under the March 2, 2017 stock repurchase program up until June 30, 2018:







For a description of grants of stock to certain executives, see the Stock Based Compensation section under see Note 15 – Equity and Stock-Based Compensation to our Consolidated Financial Statements.



Item 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities



None.



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Item 5 – Other Information



Mr. Ghose’s employment contract with our Company expired on May 10, 2018.  He continues as an employee-at-will on contract terms substantially similar to those of our other executive vice presidents.  In connection with the non-renewal of his prior contract, Mr. Ghose was paid (as contemplated by that agreement) a termination benefit in the amount of $412,000.  Mr. Ghose will be carrying forward his accrued vacation time and, in the event that he is terminated prior to May 10, 2019, certain medical and insurance benefits through that date.



Item 6 – Exhibits









 



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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



READING INTERNATIONAL, INC.



Date: August 9, 2018



By: /s/ Ellen M. Cotter

Ellen M. Cotter

Chief Executive Officer



Date: August 9, 2018



By: /s/ Devasis Ghose

Devasis Ghose

Chief Financial Officer

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