Annual Statements Open main menu

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA INC - Quarter Report: 2022 June (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022
 OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number 1-11848
REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Missouri  43-1627032
(State or other jurisdiction                    (IRS employer
of incorporation or organization)    identification number)
16600 Swingley Ridge Road
Chesterfield, Missouri 63017
(Address of principal executive offices)
(636) 736-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes   No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x     Accelerated filer o     Non-accelerated filer o     
Smaller reporting company      Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes   No
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01RGANew York Stock Exchange
6.20% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2042RZANew York Stock Exchange
5.75% Fixed-To-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2056RZBNew York Stock Exchange
As of July 31, 2022, 67,007,268 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.


Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Item     Page
  PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
1    
    
    
    
    
    
     3. Equity
     4. Investments
     9. Income Tax
2    
3    
4    
  PART II – OTHER INFORMATION  
1    
1A    
2    
6    
    
    

2

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
June 30,
2022
December 31,
2021
(Dollars in millions, except share data)
 
Assets
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $57,608 and $55,873; allowance for credit losses of $55 and $31)
$53,294 $60,749 
Equity securities, at fair value127 151 
Mortgage loans (net of allowance for credit losses of $38 and $35)
6,544 6,283 
Policy loans1,218 1,234 
Funds withheld at interest6,393 6,954 
Short-term investments272 87 
Other invested assets3,110 3,070 
Total investments70,958 78,528 
Cash and cash equivalents2,556 2,948 
Accrued investment income572 533 
Premiums receivable and other reinsurance balances2,884 2,888 
Reinsurance ceded receivables and other2,558 2,580 
Deferred policy acquisition costs3,856 3,690 
Other assets1,225 1,008 
Total assets$84,609 $92,175 
Liabilities and Equity
Future policy benefits$34,833 $35,782 
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities29,023 26,377 
Other policy claims and benefits6,464 6,993 
Other reinsurance balances582 613 
Deferred income taxes1,060 2,886 
Other liabilities2,899 2,663 
Long-term debt3,667 3,667 
Collateral finance and securitization notes152 180 
Total liabilities78,680 79,161 
Commitments and contingent liabilities (See Note 8)
Equity:
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding
— — 
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share, 140,000,000 shares authorized, 85,310,598 shares issued at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021
Additional paid-in capital2,478 2,461 
Retained earnings8,592 8,563 
Treasury stock, at cost – 18,303,330 and 18,139,868 shares
(1,673)(1,653)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(3,559)3,642 
Total Reinsurance Group of America, Inc. stockholders’ equity5,839 13,014 
Noncontrolling interest90 — 
Total equity5,929 13,014 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$84,609 $92,175 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
3

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Revenues:(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net premiums$3,230 $3,098 $6,385 $6,012 
Net investment income754 759 1,564 1,571 
Investment related gains (losses), net(254)112 (380)414 
Other revenues157 168 248 259 
Total revenues3,887 4,137 7,817 8,256 
Benefits and Expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits2,815 2,813 6,040 6,005 
Interest credited138 218 279 364 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses393 339 748 672 
Other operating expenses243 240 469 454 
Interest expense42 43 84 88 
Collateral finance and securitization expense
Total benefits and expenses3,633 3,655 7,623 7,588 
 Income before income taxes
254 482 194 668 
Provision for income taxes55 138 58 185 
Net income$199 $344 $136 $483 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest— — 
Net income available to RGA, Inc. shareholders$198 $344 $135 $483 
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share$2.95 $5.06 $2.01 $7.11 
Diluted earnings per share$2.92 $5.02 $2.00 $7.06 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
4

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Comprehensive income (loss)(Dollars in millions)
Net income$199 $344 $136 $483 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments(43)19 (30)49 
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)(3,460)1,020 (7,170)(1,367)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plan adjustments(1)— (1)— 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(3,504)1,039 (7,201)(1,318)
Total comprehensive income (loss)(3,305)1,383 (7,065)(835)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest— — 
Total comprehensive income (loss) available to RGA, Inc. shareholders$(3,306)$1,383 $(7,066)$(835)
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
5

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(in millions except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
Common
Stock
Additional Paid In CapitalRetained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total RGA, Inc. Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal Equity
Balance, March 31, 2022$$2,465 $8,446 $(1,675)$(55)$9,182 $90 $9,272 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(1)(1)
Net income198 198 199 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(3,504)(3,504)(3,504)
Dividends to stockholders, $0.73 per share
(49)(49)(49)
Purchase of treasury stock— — 
Reissuance of treasury stock13 (3)12 12 
Balance, June 30, 2022
$$2,478 $8,592 $(1,673)$(3,559)$5,839 $90 $5,929 
Balance, March 31, 2021$$2,411 $8,235 $(1,559)$3,002 $12,090 $— $12,090 
Net income344 344 — 344 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)1,039 1,039 1,039 
Dividends to stockholders, $0.70 per share
(47)(47)(47)
Purchase of treasury stock(1)(1)(1)
Reissuance of treasury stock19 (1)19 19 
Balance, June 30, 2021
$$2,430 $8,531 $(1,559)$4,041 $13,444 $— $13,444 
Six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021
Common
Stock
Additional Paid In CapitalRetained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total RGA, Inc. Stockholders’ EquityNoncontrolling InterestTotal Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021
$$2,461 $8,563 $(1,653)$3,642 $13,014 $— $13,014 
Issuance of preferred interests by subsidiary90 90 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(1)(1)
Net income135 135 136 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(7,201)(7,201)(7,201)
Dividends to stockholders, $1.46 per share
(98)(98)(98)
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses— — 
Purchase of treasury stock(27)(27)(27)
Reissuance of treasury stock17 (8)16 16 
Balance, June 30, 2022
$$2,478 $8,592 $(1,673)$(3,559)$5,839 $90 $5,929 
Balance, December 31, 2020
$$2,406 $8,148 $(1,562)$5,359 $14,352 $— $14,352 
Net income483 483 — 483 
Total other comprehensive income (loss)(1,318)(1,318)(1,318)
Dividends to stockholders, $1.40 per share
(95)(95)(95)
Issuance of common stock, net of expenses— — 
Purchase of treasury stock(2)(2)(2)
Reissuance of treasury stock24 (5)24 24 
Balance, June 30, 2021
$$2,430 $8,531 $(1,559)$4,041 $13,444 $— $13,444 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
6

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 Six months ended June 30,
 20222021
 
 (Dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$242 $2,330 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale6,018 7,235 
Maturities of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale419 545 
Sales of equity securities
Principal payments and sales of mortgage loans552 417 
Principal payments on policy loans21 12 
Purchases of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale(9,278)(9,885)
Purchases of equity securities(5)(1)
Cash invested in mortgage loans(834)(783)
Cash invested in policy loans(5)(8)
Cash invested in funds withheld at interest(4)(52)
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash transferred of $1 and $43
19 
Purchases of property and equipment(12)(10)
Change in short-term investments(200)223 
Change in other invested assets106 112 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(3,211)(2,173)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Dividends to stockholders(98)(95)
Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes(29)(65)
Principal payments of long-term debt(2)(401)
Purchases of treasury stock(27)(2)
Change in cash collateral for derivative positions and other arrangements143 184 
Change in deposit asset on reinsurance(32)— 
Deposits on investment-type policies and contracts3,424 599 
Withdrawals on investment-type policies and contracts(783)(520)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest(1)— 
Issuance of preferred interests by subsidiary90 — 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities2,685 (300)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash(108)(11)
Change in cash and cash equivalents(392)(154)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period2,948 3,408 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$2,556 $3,254 
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid$72 $85 
Income taxes paid (received), net of refunds$119 $185 
Non-cash investing activities:
Transfer of invested assets$494 $1,557 
Sale of businesses:
Assets disposed, net of cash transferred $(6)$(512)
Liabilities disposed$$504 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited).
7

Table of Contents

REINSURANCE GROUP OF AMERICA, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
 
1.    Business and Basis of Presentation
Business
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated (“RGA”) is an insurance holding company that was formed on December 31, 1992. RGA and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is engaged in providing traditional reinsurance, which includes individual and group life and health, disability, and critical illness reinsurance. The Company also provides financial solutions, which includes longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive products, primarily annuities, financial reinsurance, capital solutions and stable value products.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022 (the “2021 Annual Report”).
In the opinion of management, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022.
Consolidation
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RGA and its subsidiaries and all intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Entities in which the Company has significant influence over the operating and financing decisions but are not required to be consolidated are reported under the equity method of accounting.
2.    Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share on net income (in millions, except per share information):
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Earnings:
Net income$199 $344 $136 $483 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest— — 
Net income available to RGA, Inc. shareholders$198 $344 $135 $483 
Shares:
Weighted average outstanding shares67 68 67 68 
Equivalent shares from outstanding stock awards
Denominator for diluted calculation68 69 68 69 
Earnings per share:
Basic$2.95 $5.06 $2.01 $7.11 
Diluted$2.92 $5.02 $2.00 $7.06 
The calculation of common equivalent shares does not include the impact of stock awards with a conversion price that exceeds the average stock price for the earnings period, as the result would be antidilutive. The calculation of common equivalent shares also excludes the impact of outstanding performance contingent shares, as the conditions necessary for their issuance have not been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period. Approximately 1.4 million and 1.6 million stock awards and approximately 0.2 million performance contingent shares were excluded from the calculation of common equivalent shares during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

8

Table of Contents

3.    Equity
Common Stock
The changes in the number of common stock issued, held in treasury and outstanding are as follows for the periods indicated:
IssuedHeld In TreasuryOutstanding
Balance, December 31, 2021
85,310,598 18,139,868 67,170,730 
Issuance of common stock— — — 
Common stock acquired— 219,116 (219,116)
Stock-based compensation (1)
— (55,654)55,654 
Balance, June 30, 2022
85,310,598 18,303,330 67,007,268 
IssuedHeld In TreasuryOutstanding
Balance, December 31, 2020
85,310,598 17,353,697 67,956,901 
Issuance of common stock— — — 
Common stock acquired— — — 
Stock-based compensation (1)
— (40,036)40,036 
Balance, June 30, 2021
85,310,598 17,313,661 67,996,937 
(1)Represents net shares issued from treasury pursuant to the Company’s equity-based compensation programs.
Common Stock Held in Treasury
Common stock held in treasury is accounted for at average cost. Gains resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are credited to additional paid-in capital. Losses resulting from the reissuance of common stock held in treasury are charged first to additional paid-in capital to the extent the Company has previously recorded gains on treasury share transactions, then to retained earnings.
On January 24, 2019, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, RGA repurchased 219,116 shares of common stock under this program for $25 million.
On February 25, 2022, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. The authorization was effective immediately and does not have an expiration date. In connection with this authorization, the board of directors terminated the stock repurchase authority granted in 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, RGA did not repurchase any shares of common stock under this program.
Noncontrolling Interest
In 2022, Papara Financing LLC (“Papara”), a subsidiary of RGA Reinsurance Company, issued nonconvertible preferred interests to an unaffiliated third party. Papara holds investments in mortgage loans.
The membership interests in Papara consist of (1) common interests, which are held by RGA Reinsurance Company and (2) preferred interests. The preferred interests total $90 million and pay an initial preferred distribution at an annual rate of 2.375% plus three month LIBOR. The applicable rate of interest is reset every five years. Distributions are paid quarterly, if declared by Papara. RGA can call the Papara preferred interests at the issue price beginning five years from the issuance date or upon the receipt of proceeds from the sale of the underlying assets.
The holders of the Papara preferred interests have the option to require redemption upon the occurrence of certain contingent events, such as the failure of Papara to pay the preferred distribution for two or more periods or to meet certain other requirements, including a minimum credit rating. If notice is given upon such an event, all other holders of equal or more subordinate classes of membership interests in Papara are entitled to receive the same form of consideration payable to the holders of the preferred interests, resulting in a deemed liquidation for accounting purposes. The preferred interests are included in noncontrolling interest, and net income attributable to noncontrolling interest was $1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

9

Table of Contents

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The balance of and changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (dollars in millions):
 Accumulated
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)
of Investments(1)
Pension and
Postretirement
Benefits
Total
Balance, December 31, 2021
$(9)$3,701 $(50)$3,642 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(4)(9,459)(3)(9,466)
Amounts reclassified to (from) AOCI— 308 310 
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(26)1,981 — 1,955 
Balance, June 30, 2022
$(39)$(3,469)$(51)$(3,559)
 Accumulated
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
Unrealized
Appreciation
(Depreciation)
of Investments(1)
Pension and
Postretirement
Benefits
Total
Balance, December 31, 2020
$(69)$5,500 $(72)$5,359 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications55 (1,607)(3)(1,555)
Amounts reclassified to (from) AOCI— (154)(151)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(6)394 — 388 
Balance, June 30, 2021
$(20)$4,133 $(72)$4,041 
(1)Includes cash flow hedges of $(206) and $(22) as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and $(40) and $(49) as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.
The following table presents the amounts of AOCI reclassifications for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
Amount Reclassified from AOCI
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
Details about AOCI Components2022202120222021Affected Line Item in Statements of Income
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities$(68)$26 $(103)$183 Investment related gains (losses), net
Cash flow hedges – Interest rate(2)— (2)(2)(1)
Cash flow hedges – Currency/Interest rate(1)(4)(2)(4)(1)
Deferred policy acquisition costs attributed to unrealized gains and losses(99)19 (201)(23)(2)
Total(170)41 (308)154 
Provision for income taxes35 (9)64 (33)
Net unrealized gains (losses), net of tax$(135)$32 $(244)$121 
Amortization of defined benefit plan items:
Prior service cost (credit)$$$$(3)
Actuarial gains (losses)
(2)(3)(3)(4)(3)
Total(1)(2)(2)(3)
Provision for income taxes— — 
Amortization of defined benefit plans, net of tax$(1)$(1)$(2)$(2)
Total reclassifications for the period$(136)$31 $(246)$119 
(1)See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” for additional information on cash flow hedges.
(2)This AOCI component is included in the computation of the deferred policy acquisition cost. See Note 8 – “Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs” of the 2021 Annual Report for additional details.
(3)This AOCI component is included in the computation of the net periodic pension cost. See Note 10 – “Employee Benefit Plans” for additional details.
10

Table of Contents

Equity Based Compensation
Equity compensation expense was $17 million and $24 million in the first six months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. In the first quarter of 2022, the Company granted 258,327 stock appreciation rights at $106.53 weighted average exercise price per share, 78,687 performance contingent shares and 219,553 restricted stock units to employees. Additionally, non-employee directors were granted a total of 17,937 shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2022, 1,705,128 share awards at a weighted average strike price per share of $105.83 were vested and exercisable, with a remaining weighted average exercise period of 4.3 years. As of June 30, 2022, the total compensation cost of non-vested awards not yet recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements was $42 million. It is estimated that these costs will vest over a weighted average period of 0.8 years.
4.    Investments
Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale
The Company holds various types of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale and classifies them as corporate securities (“Corporate”), Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities (“Canadian government”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), U.S. government and agencies (“U.S. government”), state and political subdivisions, and other foreign government, supranational and foreign government-sponsored enterprises (“Other foreign government”). RMBS, ABS and CMBS are collectively “structured securities.”
The following tables provide information relating to investments in fixed maturity securities by type as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022:Amortized
Cost
Allowance for Credit LossesUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesEstimated
Fair Value
% of Total
Available-for-sale:
Corporate$37,819 $43 $257 $3,659 $34,374 64.5 %
Canadian government3,308 — 536 35 3,809 7.1 
RMBS1,004 — 62 950 1.8 
ABS4,091 307 3,782 7.1 
CMBS1,856 122 1,735 3.3 
U.S. government1,101 — 146 962 1.8 
State and political subdivisions1,202 — 21 107 1,116 2.1 
Other foreign government7,227 36 691 6,566 12.3 
Total fixed maturity securities$57,608 $55 $870 $5,129 $53,294 100.0 %
December 31, 2021:Amortized CostAllowance for Credit LossesUnrealized GainsUnrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value% of Total
Available-for-sale:
Corporate$35,239 $26 $3,084 $194 $38,103 62.8 %
Canadian government3,339 — 1,606 4,944 8.1 
RMBS1,020 — 37 1,050 1.7 
ABS4,024 — 22 41 4,005 6.6 
CMBS1,790 66 1,849 3.0 
U.S. government2,082 — 31 2,105 3.5 
State and political subdivisions1,191 — 137 1,323 2.2 
Other foreign government7,188 273 87 7,370 12.1 
Total fixed maturity securities$55,873 $31 $5,256 $349 $60,749 100.0 %
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements with counterparties that require both the pledging and acceptance of fixed maturity securities as collateral. Pledged fixed maturity securities are included in fixed maturity securities available-for-sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Fixed maturity securities received as collateral are held in separate custodial accounts and are not recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Subject to certain constraints, the Company is permitted by contract to sell or repledge collateral it receives; however, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, none of the collateral received had been sold or repledged. The Company also holds assets in trust to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties. The following table includes fixed maturity securities pledged and received as collateral and assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements under derivative transactions and certain third-party reinsurance treaties as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
11

Table of Contents

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral$373 $335 $100 $103 
Fixed maturity securities received as collateraln/a1,591 n/a1,922 
Assets in trust held to satisfy collateral requirements30,476 28,080 28,671 31,173 
The Company monitors its concentrations of financial instruments on an ongoing basis and mitigates credit risk by maintaining a diversified investment portfolio that limits exposure to any one issuer. The Company’s exposure to concentrations of credit risk from single issuers greater than 10% of the Company’s equity included securities of the U.S. government and its agencies as well as the securities disclosed below, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions).
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Fixed maturity securities guaranteed or issued by:
Government of Japan$3,031 $2,755 $3,080 $3,063 
Canadian province of Quebec1,390 1,747 1,377 2,347 
Canadian province of Ontario1,047 1,155 1,092 1,451 
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities classified as available-for-sale as of June 30, 2022, are shown by contractual maturity in the table below (dollars in millions). Actual maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Structured securities are shown separately in the table below, as they are not due at a single maturity date.
Amortized CostEstimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale:
Due in one year or less$1,408 $1,407 
Due after one year through five years9,847 9,730 
Due after five years through ten years11,466 10,701 
Due after ten years27,936 24,989 
Structured securities6,951 6,467 
Total$57,608 $53,294 
Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities
The tables below show the major sectors of the Company’s corporate fixed maturity holdings as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions): 
June 30, 2022: Estimated 
 Amortized CostFair Value% of Total
Finance$14,008 $12,703 37.0 %
Industrial19,152 17,526 51.0 
Utility4,659 4,145 12.0 
Total$37,819 $34,374 100.0 %
December 31, 2021: Estimated 
 Amortized CostFair Value% of Total
Finance$13,101 $14,045 36.9 %
Industrial17,857 19,375 50.8 
Utility4,281 4,683 12.3 
Total$35,239 $38,103 100.0 %
12

Table of Contents

Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale
As discussed in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report, allowances for credit losses on fixed maturity securities are recognized in investment related gains (losses), net. The amount recognized represents the difference between the amortized cost of the security and the net present value of its projected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit in the fixed maturity security prior to the allowance for credit losses. Any remaining difference between the fair value and amortized cost is recognized in OCI.
The following tables present the rollforward of the allowance for credit losses in fixed maturity securities by type for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
Six months ended June 30, 2022
 CorporateABSCMBSOther Foreign GovernmentTotal
Balance, beginning of period$26 $— $$$31 
Credit losses recognized on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded18 — 24 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(6)— — (1)(7)
Additional increases or decreases for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period— — 
Balance, end of period$43 $$$$55 
Six months ended June 30, 2021
 CorporateABSCMBSOther Foreign GovernmentTotal
Balance, beginning of period$17 $— $$— $20 
Credit losses recognized on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded— 
Reductions for securities sold during the period(8)— (2)— (10)
Additional increases or decreases for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period— — (1)— (1)
Balance, end of period$11 $— $$$16 
Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale
The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value necessitates the recording of an allowance for credit losses includes an analysis of whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment.
The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses for the 6,103 and 1,862 fixed maturity securities for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the estimated fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost (dollars in millions). These investments are presented by class and grade of security, as well as the length of time the related fair value has continuously remained below amortized cost.
13

Table of Contents


 Less than 12 months12 months or greaterTotal
  Gross Gross Gross
June 30, 2022:EstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealized
 Fair ValueLossesFair ValueLossesFair ValueLosses
Investment grade securities:
Corporate$25,035 $3,170 $1,124 $327 $26,159 $3,497 
Canadian government359 29 13 372 35 
RMBS631 39 122 23 753 62 
ABS2,850 244 640 45 3,490 289 
CMBS1,523 111 39 1,562 115 
U.S. government839 137 24 863 146 
State and political subdivisions789 100 27 816 107 
Other foreign government4,348 469 795 145 5,143 614 
Total investment grade securities36,374 4,299 2,784 566 39,158 4,865 
 
Below investment grade securities:
Corporate1,234 137 103 25 1,337 162 
ABS61 69 11 
CMBS29 11 40 
Other foreign government170 28 115 49 285 77 
Total below investment grade securities1,494 177 237 77 1,731 254 
Total fixed maturity securities$37,868 $4,476 $3,021 $643 $40,889 $5,119 
 Less than 12 months12 months or greaterTotal
  Gross Gross Gross
December 31, 2021:EstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealized
 Fair ValueLossesFair ValueLossesFair ValueLosses
Investment grade securities:
Corporate$4,135 $86 $946 $51 $5,081 $137 
Canadian government20 — — 20 
RMBS132 102 234 
ABS1,747 22 589 2,336 28 
CMBS152 35 187 
U.S. government1,513 31 1,544 
State and political subdivisions109 28 137 
Other foreign government2,237 33 724 37 2,961 70 
Total investment grade securities10,045 156 2,455 104 12,500 260 
Below investment grade securities:
Corporate463 13 97 44 560 57 
ABS— — 13 13 13 13 
CMBS— — — — — — 
Other foreign government136 75 10 211 17 
Total below investment grade securities599 20 185 67 784 87 
Total fixed maturity securities$10,644 $176 $2,640 $171 $13,284 $347 
The Company has no intention to sell, nor does it expect to be required to sell, the securities outlined in the tables above, as of the dates indicated. However, unforeseen facts and circumstances may cause the Company to sell fixed maturity securities in the ordinary course of managing its portfolio to meet certain diversification, credit quality and liquidity guidelines. Changes in unrealized losses are primarily driven by changes in interest rates.

14

Table of Contents

Net Investment Income
Major categories of net investment income consist of the following (dollars in millions):
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale$559 $516 $1,092 $1,011 
Equity securities
Mortgage loans76 73 149 139 
Policy loans14 13 27 27 
Funds withheld at interest57 95 108 179 
Short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents— 
Other invested assets – limited partnerships and real estate joint ventures77 70 238 231 
Other invested assets – all other— 17 30 
Investment income786 785 1,623 1,621 
Investment expense(32)(26)(59)(50)
Net investment income$754 $759 $1,564 $1,571 
Investment Related Gains (Losses), Net
Investment related gains (losses), net consist of the following (dollars in millions): 
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Change in allowance for credit losses and impairments$(15)$$(27)$
Realized gains on investment activity34 53 45 220 
Realized losses on investment activity(94)(30)(130)(43)
Net gains (losses) on equity securities(15)20 (23)23 
Other impairment losses and change in mortgage loan allowance for credit losses(1)(3)21 
Change in fair value of certain limited partnership investments and other, net19 32 45 143 
Net gains (losses) on derivatives(182)29 (287)47 
Total investment related gains (losses), net$(254)$112 $(380)$414 
Securities Borrowing, Lending and Repurchase/Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The following table provides information relating to securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Amortized
Cost
Estimated
Fair Value
Securities borrowing agreements:
Securities borrowed (1)
n/a$676 n/a$420 
Securities pledged as collateral (2)
529 466 279 290 
Securities lending agreements:
Securities loaned (2)
82 81 94 102 
Securities received as collateral (3)
n/a92 n/a102 
Repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements:
Securities pledged (2)
643 593 704 736 
Cash (4)
— — 10 10 
Securities received (3)
n/a565 n/a728 
Cash received (5)
162 162 — — 
(1)Securities borrowed are not reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Collateral associated with certain borrowed securities is not included within this table as the collateral pledged to the counterparty is the right to reinsurance treaty cash flows.
(2)Securities loaned and pledged to counterparties are included within fixed maturity securities.
(3)Securities received as collateral from counterparties are not reflected on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
(4)A receivable for the cash held by counterparties is included within other assets.
(5)A payable for the cash received by the Company is included within other liabilities.
15

Table of Contents

The following tables present information on the remaining contractual maturity of the Company’s securities lending and repurchase agreements as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30 – 90 DaysGreater than 90 DaysTotal
Securities lending agreements:
Corporate$— $— $— $68 $68 
State and political subdivisions— — — 
Other foreign government— — — 10 10 
Total— — — 81 81 
Repurchase agreements:
Corporate— — 51 289 340 
Other foreign government— — 246 253 
Total— — 58 535 593 
Total agreements$— $— $58 $616 $674 
December 31, 2021
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30 – 90 DaysGreater than 90 DaysTotal
Securities lending agreements:
Corporate$— $— $— $94 $94 
State and political subdivisions— — — 
Other foreign government— — — 
Total— — — 102 102 
Repurchase agreements:
Corporate— — — 366 366 
Other foreign government— — — 370 370 
Total— — — 736 736 
Total agreements$— $— $— $838 $838 
Mortgage Loans
As of June 30, 2022, mortgage loans were geographically dispersed throughout the U.S. with the largest concentrations in California (12.9%), Texas (11.4%) and Washington (8.2%), in addition to loans secured by properties in Canada (3.3%) and United Kingdom (2.4%). The recorded investment in mortgage loans presented below is gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses and allowance for credit losses.
The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans by property type as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Property type:Carrying Value% of Total Carrying Value% of Total
Office $1,729 26.2 %$1,683 26.6 %
Retail2,319 35.1 2,090 33.0 
Industrial1,415 21.5 1,249 19.7 
Apartment776 11.8 801 12.7 
Other commercial355 5.4 506 8.0 
Recorded investment6,594 100.0 %6,329 100.0 %
Unamortized balance of loan origination fees and expenses(12)(11)
Allowance for credit losses(38)(35)
Total mortgage loans$6,544 $6,283 
16

Table of Contents

The following table presents the maturities of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Recorded
Investment
% of Total Recorded
Investment
% of Total
Due within five years$2,578 39.1 %$2,660 42.0 %
Due after five years through ten years2,759 41.8 2,593 41.0 
Due after ten years1,257 19.1 1,076 17.0 
Total$6,594 100.0 %$6,329 100.0 %
The following tables set forth certain key credit quality indicators of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
Recorded Investment
Debt Service RatiosConstruction Loans
>1.20x1.00x – 1.20x<1.00xTotal% of Total
June 30, 2022:
Loan-to-Value Ratio
0% – 59.99%$3,350 $222 $67 $10 $3,649 55.3 %
60% – 69.99%1,909 196 96 — 2,201 33.4 
70% – 79.99%455 34 40 — 529 8.0 
80% or greater89 — 126 — 215 3.3 
Total$5,803 $452 $329 $10 $6,594 100.0 %
Recorded Investment
Debt Service RatiosConstruction
Loans
>1.20x1.00x – 1.20x<1.00xTotal% of Total
December 31, 2021:
Loan-to-Value Ratio
0% – 59.99%$3,111 $238 $51 $$3,406 53.8 %
60% – 69.99%1,906 190 46 — 2,142 33.8 
70% – 79.99%520 41 12 — 573 9.1 
80% or greater148 — 60 — 208 3.3 
Total$5,685 $469 $169 $$6,329 100.0 %
The following table sets forth credit quality grades by year of origination of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
Recorded Investment
Year of Origination
20222021202020192018PriorTotal
June 30, 2022:
Internal credit quality grade:
High investment grade$451 $705 $373 $586 $431 $1,651 $4,197 
Investment grade368 313 246 312 271 645 2,155 
Average— — 26 76 98 206 
Watch list— — — — — — — 
In or near default— — — — — 36 36 
Total$819 $1,024 $619 $924 $778 $2,430 $6,594 
17

Table of Contents

Recorded Investment
Year of Origination
20212020201920182017PriorTotal
December 31, 2021:
Internal credit quality grade:
High investment grade$725 $402 $645 $461 $344 $1,534 $4,111 
Investment grade367 272 331 301 296 502 2,069 
Average— 27 39 32 109 
Watch list— — — — — 
In or near default— — — — — 36 36 
Total$1,098 $674 $1,003 $801 $645 $2,108 $6,329 
The following table presents the current and past due composition of the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Current$6,575 $6,329 
Greater than 90 days19 — 
Total$6,594 $6,329 
The following table presents information regarding the Company’s allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Balance, beginning of period$37 $47 $35 $64 
Change in allowance for credit losses(2)(19)
Balance, end of period$38 $45 $38 $45 
For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company restructured three mortgage loans to interest only payments as a result of lower occupancy levels. The total recorded investment before allowance for credit losses for mortgage loans, which were modified and met the criteria of Troubled Debt Restructuring (“TDR”), is $77 million as of June 30, 2022. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company did not have any significant loans that were modified and met the criteria of a TDR. The Company had no mortgage loans that were on a nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2022 and 2021. The Company did not acquire any impaired mortgage loans during six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
Policy Loans
The majority of policy loans are associated with one client. These policy loans present no credit risk as the amount of the loan cannot exceed the obligation due to the ceding company upon the death of the insured or surrender of the underlying policy. The provisions of the treaties in force and the underlying policies determine the policy loan interest rates. The Company earns a spread between the interest rate earned on policy loans and the interest rate credited to corresponding liabilities.
Funds Withheld at Interest
As of June 30, 2022, $4.1 billion of the funds withheld at interest balance is primarily associated with two clients. For reinsurance agreements written on a modco basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance funds withheld basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company and are reflected as funds withheld at interest. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances against amounts owed to the Company from the ceding company.

18

Table of Contents

Other Invested Assets
Other invested assets include limited partnership interests, joint ventures (other than operating joint ventures), lifetime mortgages, and derivative contracts. Other invested assets also includes FHLB common stock and unit-linked investments, which are included in Other in the table below. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the allowance for credit losses for lifetime mortgages was not material. The carrying values of other invested assets as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures$2,074 $1,996 
Lifetime mortgages812 758 
Derivatives115 175 
Other109 141 
Total other invested assets$3,110 $3,070 
5.    Derivative Instruments
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
See Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report for a detailed discussion of the accounting treatment for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives. See Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” for additional disclosures related to the fair value hierarchy for derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives.
Types of Derivatives Used by the Company
Commonly used derivative instruments include, but are not necessarily limited to: credit default swaps, financial futures, equity options, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, interest rate swaps, interest rate options, synthetic guaranteed investment contracts (“GICs”), consumer price index (“CPI”) swaps, forward bond purchase commitments, other derivatives and embedded derivatives.
For detailed information on these derivative instruments and the related strategies, see Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report.
Summary of Derivative Positions
Derivatives, except for embedded derivatives, are included in other invested assets or other liabilities, at fair value. Embedded derivative assets and liabilities on modco or funds withheld arrangements are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in funds withheld at interest or other liabilities, at fair value. Embedded derivative liabilities on indexed annuity and variable annuity products are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets with the host contract in interest-sensitive contract liabilities, at fair value. The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair value of derivative instruments prior to taking into account the netting effects of master netting agreements as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
19

Table of Contents

 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
 Primary Underlying RiskNotionalCarrying Value/Fair ValueNotionalCarrying Value/Fair Value
 AmountAssetsLiabilitiesAmountAssetsLiabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsInterest rate$1,143 $23 $$1,273 $66 $
Interest rate optionsInterest rate2,893 — — — — 
Financial futuresEquity227 — — 240 — — 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency150 18 — 150 — 
Foreign currency forwardsForeign currency755 — 21 395 
CPI swapsCPI524 26 563 34 
Credit default swapsCredit1,675 13 39 1,321 29 
Equity optionsEquity298 43 — 472 29 — 
Synthetic GICsInterest rate17,317 — — 16,143 — — 
Embedded derivatives in:
Modco or funds withheld arrangements— 326 250 — 227 62 
Indexed annuity products— — 584 — — 693 
Variable annuity products— — 160 — — 162 
Total non-hedging derivatives24,982 458 1,060 20,557 388 930 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsForeign currency/Interest rate1,338 128 941 33 
Foreign currency swapsForeign currency114 — — 153 — 
Foreign currency forwardsForeign currency1,170 14 1,320 14 11 
Forward bond purchase commitmentsInterest rate453 — 100 545 14 
Total hedging derivatives3,075 16 233 2,959 33 45 
Total derivatives$28,057 $474 $1,293 $23,516 $421 $975 
Fair Value Hedges
The Company designates and reports certain foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated assets as fair value hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to a change in foreign currency and the offsetting gain or loss on the related foreign currency swaps as of June 30, 2022 and 2021 were (dollars in millions):
Type of Fair Value HedgeHedged ItemGains (Losses) Recognized for DerivativesGains (Losses) Recognized for Hedged Items
Investment Related Gains (Losses)
For the three months ended June 30, 2022:
Foreign currency swapsForeign-denominated fixed maturity securities$(8)$
For the three months ended June 30, 2021:
Foreign currency swapsForeign-denominated fixed maturity securities$(2)$
For the six months ended June 30, 2022:
Foreign currency swapsForeign-denominated fixed maturity securities$(1)$
For the six months ended June 30, 2021:
Foreign currency swapsForeign-denominated fixed maturity securities$(2)$
Cash Flow Hedges
Certain derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges when they meet the requirements of the general accounting principles for Derivatives and Hedging. The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash flow hedges: (i) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of assets and liabilities are variable based on a benchmark rate; (ii) certain interest rate swaps, in which the cash flows of assets are denominated in different currencies, commonly referred to as cross-currency swaps; and (iii) forward bond purchase commitments.

20

Table of Contents

The following tables present the components of AOCI, before income tax, and the condensed consolidated income statement classification where the gain or loss is recognized related to cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
 Three months ended June 30,
 20222021
Balance, beginning of period$(81)$(71)
Gains (losses), net deferred in other comprehensive income (loss)(128)29 
Amounts reclassified to investment income— 
Amounts reclassified to interest expense
Balance, end of period$(206)$(40)
 Six months ended June 30,
 20222021
Balance, beginning of period$(22)$(49)
Gains (losses), net deferred in other comprehensive income (loss)(188)
Amounts reclassified to investment income— 
Amounts reclassified to interest expense
Balance, end of period$(206)$(40)
As of June 30, 2022, approximately $4 million of before-tax deferred net gains on derivative instruments recorded in AOCI are expected to be reclassified to interest expense during the next twelve months. For the same time period, there was an immaterial amount of before-tax deferred net gains recorded in AOCI expected to be reclassified to investment income during the next twelve months.
The following table presents the effect of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the condensed consolidated statements of income and the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
Derivative TypeGains (Losses) Deferred in OCIGains (Losses) Reclassified into Income from AOCI
Investment IncomeInterest Expense
For the three months ended June 30, 2022:
Interest rate$(106)$— $(1)
Foreign currency/interest rate(22)(2)— 
Total$(128)$(2)$(1)
For the three months ended June 30, 2021:
Interest rate$29 $— $(2)
Foreign currency/interest rate— — — 
Total$29 $— $(2)
For the six months ended June 30, 2022:
Interest rate$(170)$— $(2)
Foreign currency/interest rate(18)(2)— 
Total$(188)$(2)$(2)
For the six months ended June 30, 2021:
Interest rate$$— $(4)
Foreign currency/interest rate(1)— — 
Total$$— $(4)
21

Table of Contents

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no material amounts reclassified into earnings relating to instances in which the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transaction did not occur by the anticipated date or within the additional time period permitted by the authoritative guidance for the accounting for derivatives and hedging.
Hedges of Net Investments in Foreign Operations
The Company uses foreign currency swaps and foreign currency forwards to hedge a portion of its net investment in certain foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The following table illustrates the Company’s net investments in foreign operations (“NIFO”) hedges and the gains (losses) deferred in OCI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions):
 Derivative Gains (Losses) Deferred in OCI     
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
Type of NIFO Hedge 2022202120222021
Foreign currency swaps$$(2)$$(3)
Foreign currency forwards38 (10)22 (24)
Total$39 $(12)$23 $(27)
The cumulative foreign currency translation gain recorded in AOCI related to these hedges was $160 million and $137 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. If a hedged foreign operation was sold or substantially liquidated, the amounts in AOCI would be reclassified to the condensed consolidated statements of income. A pro rata portion would be reclassified upon partial sale of a hedged foreign operation. There were no sales or substantial liquidations of net investments in foreign operations that would have required the reclassification of gains or losses from AOCI into investment income during the periods presented.
Non-qualifying Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than Hedging
The Company uses various other derivative instruments for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been elected for hedge accounting treatment. The gain or loss related to the change in fair value for these derivative instruments is recognized in investment related gains (losses), net, except where otherwise noted.

22

Table of Contents

A summary of the effect of non-hedging derivatives, including embedded derivatives, on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (dollars in millions):
  Three months ended June 30,
Type of Non-hedging DerivativeIncome Statement Location of Gain (Loss)20222021
Interest rate swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net$(44)$33 
Interest rate optionsInvestment related gains (losses), net(6)— 
Financial futuresInvestment related gains (losses), net24 (9)
Foreign currency swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net11 
Foreign currency forwardsInvestment related gains (losses), net(76)(1)
CPI swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net(11)
Credit default swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net(33)12 
Equity optionsInvestment related gains (losses), net21 (11)
Subtotal(114)30 
Embedded derivatives in:
Modco or funds withheld arrangementsInvestment related gains (losses), net(56)16 
Indexed annuity productsInterest credited44 (13)
Variable annuity productsInvestment related gains (losses), net(12)(17)
Total non-hedging derivatives$(138)$16 
  Six months ended June 30,
Type of Non-hedging DerivativeIncome Statement Location of Gain (Loss)20222021
Interest rate swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net$(96)$(37)
Interest rate optionsInvestment related gains (losses), net(6)— 
Financial futuresInvestment related gains (losses), net31 (19)
Foreign currency swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net18 12 
Foreign currency forwardsInvestment related gains (losses), net(99)(9)
CPI swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net18 21 
Credit default swapsInvestment related gains (losses), net(91)32 
Equity optionsInvestment related gains (losses), net21 (21)
Subtotal(204)(21)
Embedded derivatives in:
Modco or funds withheld arrangementsInvestment related gains (losses), net(89)66 
Indexed annuity productsInterest credited80 
Variable annuity productsInvestment related gains (losses), net
Total non-hedging derivatives$(211)$47 
23

Table of Contents

Credit Derivatives
The following table presents the estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of credit default swaps sold by the Company at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Rating Agency Designation of Referenced Credit Obligations(1)
Estimated Fair
Value of Credit 
Default Swaps
Maximum
Amount of Future
Payments under
Credit Default
Swaps(2)
Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity(3)
Estimated Fair
Value of Credit 
Default Swaps
Maximum
Amount of Future
Payments under
Credit Default
Swaps(2)
Weighted
Average
Years to
Maturity(3)  
AAA/AA+/AA/AA-/A+/A/A-
Single name credit default swaps$(23)$477 17.2$28 $600 14.2
Subtotal(23)477 17.228 600 14.2
BBB+/BBB/BBB-
Single name credit default swaps— 158 3.7141 2.4
Credit default swaps referencing indices(1)1,015 6.6— 565 5.1
Subtotal(1)1,173 6.2706 4.6
BB+/BB/BB-
Single name credit default swaps(2)25 3.7(1)15 3.5
Subtotal(2)25 3.7(1)15 3.5
Total$(26)$1,675 9.3$28 $1,321 9.0
(1)The rating agency designations are based on ratings from Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”).
(2)Assumes the value of the referenced credit obligations is zero.
(3)The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average notional amounts.
Netting Arrangements and Credit Risk
Certain of the Company’s derivatives are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements and reported as a net asset or liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company nets all derivatives that are subject to such arrangements.
The Company has elected to include all derivatives, except embedded derivatives, in the table below, irrespective of whether they are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or a similar agreement. See Note 4 – “Investments” for information regarding the Company’s securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements.
The following table provides information relating to the netting of the Company’s derivative instruments as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
Gross Amounts  
Recognized
Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Balance Sheet
Net Amounts
Presented in the
Balance Sheet
Financial
Instruments/ Collateral (1)    
Net Amount
June 30, 2022:
Derivative assets$148 $(33)$115 $(115)$— 
Derivative liabilities299 (33)266 (266)— 
December 31, 2021:
Derivative assets$194 $(19)$175 $(175)$— 
Derivative liabilities58 (19)39 (39)— 
(1)Includes initial margin posted to a central clearing partner for financial instruments and excludes the excess of collateral received/pledged from/to the counterparty.
The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value and accrued interest of non-collateralized derivative contracts in an asset position at the reporting date. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had credit exposure of $15 million.
Derivatives may be exchange-traded or they may be privately negotiated contracts, which are referred to as over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives. Certain of the Company’s OTC derivatives are cleared and settled through central clearing counterparties (“OTC cleared”) and others are bilateral contracts between two counterparties. The Company manages its credit risk related to OTC derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master netting agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. The Company is only exposed to the default of the central clearing counterparties for OTC cleared derivatives, and these transactions require initial and daily variation margin collateral postings. Exchange-traded
24

Table of Contents

derivatives are settled on a daily basis, thereby reducing the credit risk exposure in the event of non-performance by counterparties to such financial instruments.
6.    Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
Fair Value Measurement
General accounting principles for Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures define fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. These principles also establish a three-level fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value:
Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Active markets are defined through various characteristics for the measured asset/liability, such as having many transactions and narrow bid/ask spreads.
Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or market standard valuation techniques and assumptions that use significant inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the related assets or liabilities and include those whose value is determined using market standard valuation techniques described above. Prices are determined using valuation methodologies such as discounted cash flow models and other similar techniques that require management’s judgment or estimation in developing inputs that are consistent with those other market participants would use when pricing similar assets and liabilities.
For a discussion of the Company’s valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 6 “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report.
25

Table of Contents

Assets and Liabilities by Hierarchy Level
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized below (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022: Fair Value Measurements Using:
 Total    Level 1        Level 2    Level 3    
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale:
Corporate$34,374 $— $30,136 $4,238 
Canadian government3,809 — 3,809 — 
RMBS950 — 944 
ABS3,782 — 2,624 1,158 
CMBS1,735 — 1,652 83 
U.S. government962 862 90 10 
State and political subdivisions1,116 — 1,083 33 
Other foreign government6,566 — 6,530 36 
Total fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale53,294 862 46,868 5,564 
Equity securities127 80 — 47 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives(174)— — (174)
Funds withheld at interest62 — — 62 
Cash equivalents1,156 1,156 — — 
Short-term investments234 171 42 21 
Other invested assets:
Derivatives115 — 115 — 
Other33 — 33 — 
Total other invested assets (1)
148 — 148 — 
Total$54,847 $2,269 $47,058 $5,520 
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives$744 $— $— $744 
Other liabilities:
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives(250)— — (250)
Derivatives266 — 266 — 
Total$760 $— $266 $494 
(1)Other invested assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude limited partnership interests that are measured at estimated fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of June 30, 2022, the fair value of such investments was $620 million.
December 31, 2021: Fair Value Measurements Using:
 TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale:
Corporate$38,103 $— $34,215 $3,888 
Canadian government4,944 — 4,944 — 
RMBS1,050 — 1,049 
ABS4,005 — 2,908 1,097 
CMBS1,849 — 1,768 81 
U.S. government2,105 1,993 100 12 
State and political subdivisions1,323 — 1,290 33 
Other foreign government7,370 — 7,337 33 
Total fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale60,749 1,993 53,611 5,145 
Equity securities151 101 — 50 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives104 — — 104 
Funds withheld at interest83 — — 83 
Cash equivalents1,138 1,138 — — 
Short-term investments64 — 36 28 
Other invested assets:
Derivatives175 — 175 — 
Other52 — 52 — 
Total other invested assets (1)
227 — 227 — 
Total$62,516 $3,232 $53,874 $5,410 
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives$855 $— $— $855 
Other liabilities:
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives(61)— — (61)
Derivatives39 — 39 — 
Total$833 $— $39 $794 
(1)Other invested assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude limited partnership interests that are measured at estimated fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of such investments was $581 million.
26

Table of Contents

Quantitative Information Regarding Internally Priced Assets and Liabilities
The following table presents quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements that are developed internally by the Company as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
Estimated Fair Value      Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRange (Weighted Average) 
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Assets:
Corporate$35 $49 Market comparable securitiesLiquidity premium
1%
0-1% (1%)
EBITDA Multiple
5.0x-7.0x (6.5x)
5.2x-7.0x (6.4x)
ABS233 205 Market comparable securitiesLiquidity premium
0-18% (3%)
2-18% (4%)
U.S. government10 12 Market comparable securitiesLiquidity premium
0-1% (1%)
0-1% (1%)
Equity securitiesMarket comparable securitiesEBITDA Multiple
6.9x-11.2x (8.5x)
6.9x-10.6x (8.0x)
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivatives61 182 Total return swapMortality
0-100% (3%)
0-100%  (3%)
Lapse
0-35% (12%)
0-35%  (18%)
Withdrawal
0-5% (4%)
0-5%  (4%)
CVA
0-5% (0%)
0-5%  (0%)
Crediting rate
1-4% (2%)
1-4%  (2%)
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives – indexed annuities584 693 Discounted cash flowMortality
0-100% (3%)
0-100% (2%)
Lapse
0-35% (11%)
0-35% (16%)
Withdrawal
0-5% (3%)
0-5% (3%)
Option budget projection
1-4% (2%)
1-4% (2%)
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities – embedded derivatives – variable annuities160 162 Discounted cash flowMortality
0-100% (2%)
0-100% (2%)
Lapse
0-25% (4%)
0-25% (4%)
Withdrawal
0-7% (6%)
0-7% (5%)
CVA
0-5% (1%)
0-5% (1%)
Long-term volatility
0-27% (14%)
0-27% (14%)
27

Table of Contents

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
Assets and liabilities transferred into Level 3 are due to a lack of observable market transactions and price information. Transfers out of Level 3 are primarily the result of the Company obtaining observable pricing information or a third party pricing quotation that appropriately reflects the fair value of those assets and liabilities.
For further information on the Company’s valuation processes, see Note 6 “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report.
The reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows (dollars in millions):
For the three months ended June 30, 2022:Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale
Funds 
withheld at interest –embedded derivatives, net(1)
Funds 
withheld at interest
Interest-sensitive contract 
liabilities – embedded derivatives
 CorporateForeign govtStructured securitiesU.S. and local govtEquity securitiesShort-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period$4,046 $29 $1,121 $44 $48 $48 $132 $75 $(793)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income— — — — — — (5)— 
Investment related gains (losses), net(6)— — — (5)(56)— (12)
Interest credited— — — — — — — — 44 
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)(157)(6)(73)(3)— (1)— (5)— 
Purchases(2)
571 — 207 — — — 
Sales(2)
(108)— — (1)— — — — — 
Settlements(2)
(153)— (21)(1)— (28)— (5)17 
Transfers into Level 357 13 32 — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3(14)— (19)— — — — — — 
Fair value, end of period$4,238 $36 $1,247 $43 $47 $21 $76 $62 $(744)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income$$— $— $— $— $— $— $(5)$— 
Investment related gains (losses), net(8)— — — (5)— (56)— (13)
Interest credited— — — — — — — — 27 
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)(157)(6)(73)(3)— — — (5)— 
(1)Funds withheld at interest embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(2)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.
28

Table of Contents

For the six months ended June 30, 2022:Fixed maturity securities – available-for-sale
Funds 
withheld at interest –embedded derivatives, net(1)
Funds 
withheld at interest
Interest-sensitive contract 
liabilities – embedded derivatives
 CorporateForeign govtStructured securitiesU.S. and local govtEquity securitiesShort-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period$3,888 $33 $1,179 $45 $50 $28 $165 $83 $(855)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income— — — — — — (10)— 
Investment related gains (losses), net(6)— (5)— (6)(89)— 
Interest credited— — — — — — — — 80 
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)(301)(10)(145)(4)— (1)— (7)— 
Purchases(2)
936 — 302 — 21 — (5)
Sales(2)
(124)— (51)(1)(1)— — — — 
Settlements(2)
(179)— (59)(3)— (28)— (7)34 
Transfers into Level 357 13 45 10 — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3(36)— (19)(4)— — — — — 
Fair value, end of period$4,238 $36 $1,247 $43 $47 $21 $76 $62 $(744)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income$$— $— $— $— $— $— $(10)$— 
Investment related gains (losses), net(8)— (5)— (6)— (89)(1)
Interest credited— — — — — — — — 45 
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)(301)(10)(144)(4)— — — (7)— 
(1)Funds withheld at interest embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.
(2)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.
29

Table of Contents

For the three months ended June 30, 2021:Fixed maturity securities – available-for-saleFunds 
withheld at interest – embedded derivatives
Funds 
withheld at interest
Interest-sensitive contract 
liabilities – embedded derivatives
 CorporateForeign govtStructured securitiesU.S. and local govtEquity securitiesShort-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period$3,101 $16 $388 $22 $54 $11 $109 $67 $(857)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income— — — — — — (1)— 
Investment related gains (losses), net— — — 10 — 16 — (17)
Interest credited— — — — — — — — (13)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)49 — — — — — — — 
Purchases(1)
317 25 262 — — — — 16 (13)
Sales(1)
(19)— (2)— (1)— — — — 
Settlements(1)
(269)— (24)(1)— (10)— (1)20 
Transfers into Level 325 — 24 — — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3— — — — — (1)— — — 
Fair value, end of period$3,208 $41 $653 $21 $63 $— $125 $81 $(880)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income$$— $— $— $— $— $— $(1)$— 
Investment related gains (losses), net— — — — — 16 — (19)
Interest credited— — — — — — — — (33)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)51 — — — — — — — 
(1)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.
For the six months ended June 30, 2021:Fixed maturity securities – available-for-saleFunds 
withheld at interest – embedded derivatives
Funds 
withheld at interest
Interest-sensitive contract 
liabilities – embedded derivatives
 CorporateForeign govtStructured securitiesU.S. and local govtEquity securitiesShort-term investments
Fair value, beginning of period$3,029 $17 $254 $23 $53 $15 $58 $56 $(907)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income— — — — — — (6)— 
Investment related gains (losses), net— — — 11 — 66 — 
Interest credited— — — — — — — — 
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)(33)(1)— — — — — 
Purchases(1)
540 25 428 — — — — 32 (17)
Sales(1)
(20)— (2)— (1)— — — — 
Settlements(1)
(341)— (85)(2)— (10)— (1)42 
Transfers into Level 329 — 54 — — — — — — 
Transfers out of Level 3— — — — — (5)— — — 
Fair value, end of period$3,208 $41 $653 $21 $63 $— $125 $81 $(880)
Total gains/losses (realized/unrealized) recorded for the period relating to those Level 3 assets and liabilities that were still held at the end of the period
Included in earnings, net:
Net investment income$$— $— $— $— $— $— $(6)$— 
Investment related gains (losses), net(1)— — — 10 — 66 — (3)
Interest credited— — — — — — — — (41)
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)(31)(1)— — — — — 
30

Table of Contents

(1)The amount reported within purchases, sales and settlements is the purchase price (for purchases) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and settlements) based upon the actual date purchased or sold/settled. Items purchased and sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. The Company had no issuances during the period.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company has certain assets subject to measurement at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial recognition if they are determined to be impaired. During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any material assets that were measured at fair value due to impairment.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments, which were not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions). For additional information regarding the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate these fair values, see Note 6 “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report. This table excludes any payables or receivables for collateral under repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements and other transactions. The estimated fair value of the excluded amount approximates carrying value as they equal the amount of cash collateral received/paid.
June 30, 2022:
Carrying Value (1)
Estimated 
Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Using:
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Mortgage loans$6,544 $6,051 $— $— $6,051 
Policy loans1,218 1,218 — 1,218 — 
Funds withheld at interest6,519 6,335 — — 6,335 
Cash and cash equivalents1,400 1,400 1,400 — — 
Short-term investments38 38 38 — — 
Other invested assets924 805 60 740 
Accrued investment income572 572 — 572 — 
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities$21,836 $21,399 $— $— $21,399 
Other liabilities – funds withheld at interest1,610 1,417 1,417 
Long-term debt3,667 3,463 — — 3,463 
Collateral finance and securitization notes152 129 — — 129 
December 31, 2021:
Carrying Value (1)
Estimated
Fair Value
Fair Value Measurement Using:
Level 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Mortgage loans$6,283 $6,580 $— $— $6,580 
Policy loans1,234 1,234 — 1,234 — 
Funds withheld at interest6,747 7,075 — — 7,075 
Cash and cash equivalents1,810 1,810 1,810 — — 
Short-term investments23 23 23 — — 
Other invested assets910 907 70 831 
Accrued investment income533 533 — 533 — 
Liabilities:
Interest-sensitive contract liabilities$18,625 $19,540 $— $— $19,540 
Other liabilities – funds withheld at interest1,658 1,657 — — 1,657 
Long-term debt3,667 3,886 — — 3,886 
Collateral finance and securitization notes180 153 — — 153 
(1)Carrying values presented herein may differ from those in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets because certain items within the respective financial statement captions may be measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
31

Table of Contents

7.    Segment Information
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report. The Company measures segment performance primarily based on profit or loss from operations before income taxes. There are no intersegment reinsurance transactions and the Company does not have any material long-lived assets.
The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in the Company’s businesses. As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is attributed to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses.
The Company has geographic-based and business-based operational segments. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. Information related to revenues, income (loss) before income taxes and total assets of the Company for each reportable segment are summarized below (dollars in millions).
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
Revenues:2022202120222021
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional$1,868 $1,816 $3,735 $3,453 
Financial Solutions278 433 530 751 
Total2,146 2,249 4,265 4,204 
Canada:
Traditional367 366 729 709 
Financial Solutions27 26 52 52 
Total394 392 781 761 
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional447 459 923 916 
Financial Solutions134 139 316 285 
Total581 598 1,239 1,201 
Asia Pacific:
Traditional686 653 1,374 1,300 
Financial Solutions43 104 64 208 
Total729 757 1,438 1,508 
Corporate and Other37 141 94 582 
Total$3,887 $4,137 $7,817 $8,256 
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
Income (loss) before income taxes:2022202120222021
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional$209 $135 $43 $(203)
Financial Solutions61 186 105 269 
Total270 321 148 66 
Canada:
Traditional16 32 22 56 
Financial Solutions17 10 
Total20 36 39 66 
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional(12)(4)(80)
Financial Solutions33 83 118 143 
Total35 71 114 63 
Asia Pacific:
Traditional58 (12)109 29 
Financial Solutions(66)31 (122)59 
Total(8)19 (13)88 
Corporate and Other(63)35 (94)385 
Total$254 $482 $194 $668 
32

Table of Contents

Assets:June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
U.S. and Latin America:
Traditional$21,508 $20,572 
Financial Solutions26,201 29,028 
Total47,709 49,600 
Canada:
Traditional5,026 5,091 
Financial Solutions34 18 
Total5,060 5,109 
Europe, Middle East and Africa:
Traditional4,506 4,670 
Financial Solutions5,313 7,165 
Total9,819 11,835 
Asia Pacific:
Traditional9,196 10,048 
Financial Solutions9,494 7,678 
Total18,690 17,726 
Corporate and Other3,331 7,905 
Total$84,609 $92,175 
8.    Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Commitments
Funding of Investments
The Company’s commitments to fund investments as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented in the following table (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Limited partnership interests and joint ventures$1,030 $1,031 
Mortgage loans102 152 
Bank loans and private placements786 768 
Lifetime mortgages96 41 
The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years; however, these commitments could become due any time at the request of the counterparties. Bank loans and private placements are included in fixed maturity securities available-for-sale.
The Company has an immaterial liability, included in other liabilities, for expected credit losses associated with unfunded commitments as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Funding Agreements
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Des Moines
The Company is a member of the FHLB and, through membership, has issued funding agreements to the FHLB in exchange for cash advances. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, of FHLB funding agreements outstanding. The Company is required to provide collateral in excess of the funding agreement amounts outstanding, considering any discounts to the securities posted and prepayment penalties.
Funding Agreement Backed Notes
The Company’s Funding Agreement Backed Notes (“FABN”) program allows RGA Global Funding, a special-purpose, unaffiliated statutory trust, to offer its senior secured medium-term notes to investors. RGA Global Funding uses the net proceeds from each sale to purchase one or more funding agreements from the Company. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $900 million and $500 million, respectively, of FABN agreements outstanding and are included within interest-sensitive contract liabilities.
Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business, however, the Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that
33

Table of Contents

an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated.
Other Contingencies
The Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this indemnity in the future.
Guarantees
Statutory Reserve Support
Certain RGA subsidiaries have committed to provide statutory reserve support to third parties, in exchange for a fee, by funding loans if certain defined events occur. Such statutory reserves are required under the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX for term life insurance policies and Regulation A-XXX for universal life secondary guarantees).
In addition, certain subsidiaries have also committed to provide capital support to a third party, in exchange for a fee, by agreeing to assume real estate leases in the event of a severe and prolonged decline in the commercial lease market. Upon assumption of a lease, the Company would recognize a right to use asset and lease obligation.
As of June 30, 2022, the Company does not believe that it will be required to provide any funding under these commitments as the occurrence of the defined events is considered remote. The following table presents the maximum potential obligation for these commitments as of June 30, 2022 (dollars in millions):
Commitment Period:Maximum Potential Obligation
2034$1,243 
20352,660 
20363,599 
20376,850 
20382,300 
20397,350 
20463,000 
Other Guarantees
RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries for the payment of amounts due under certain securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements, financing arrangements and office lease obligations, whereby, if a subsidiary fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a payment to fulfill the obligation. Additionally, in limited circumstances, treaty guarantees are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security, particularly in cases where RGA’s subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by the treaty guarantees, before consideration of any legally offsetting amounts due from the guaranteed party are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. Potential guaranteed amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and underwriting results. Guarantees related to securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements provide additional security to third parties should a subsidiary fail to provide securities when due. RGA’s guarantees issued as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, are reflected in the following table (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Treaty guarantees$1,946 $2,208 
Treaty guarantees, net of assets in trust1,139 1,281 
Securities borrowing and repurchase arrangements170 134 
9.    Income Tax
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 22.1% and 30.1%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to income earned in jurisdictions with tax rates higher than the U.S., tax bases adjustments, and adjustments to the valuation allowance.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the effective tax rate on pre-tax income was 28.5% and 27.6%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to income earned in jurisdictions with tax rates higher than the U.S., state income taxes, and the effect of the enacted UK corporate tax rate increase on the remeasurement of deferred taxes.
34

Table of Contents

10.    Employee Benefit Plans
The components of net periodic benefit cost, included in other operating expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows (dollars in millions):
 Pension BenefitsOther Benefits
 Three months ended June 30,Three months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Service cost$$$— $
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets(3)(3)— — 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)— — (1)(1)
Amortization of prior actuarial losses
Net periodic benefit cost$$$$
 Pension BenefitsOther Benefits
 Six months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Service cost$$$$
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets(6)(5)— — 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)— — (1)(1)
Amortization of prior actuarial losses
Net periodic benefit cost$$$$
11.    Reinsurance Ceded Receivables and Other
Retrocession reinsurance treaties do not relieve the Company from its obligations to direct writing companies. Failure of retrocessionaires to honor their obligations could result in losses to the Company. Consequently, allowances would be established for amounts deemed uncollectible. At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no allowances were deemed necessary. The Company regularly evaluates the financial condition of the insurance companies from which it assumes and to which it cedes reinsurance.
Retrocessions are arranged through the Company’s retrocession pools for amounts in excess of the Company’s retention limit. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all rated retrocession pool participants followed by the A.M. Best Company were rated “A- (excellent)” or better. The Company verifies retrocession pool participants’ ratings on a quarterly basis. For a majority of the retrocessionaires that were not rated, security in the form of letters of credit or trust assets has been posted. In addition, the Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance.
The following table presents information for the Company’s reinsurance ceded receivable assets, including the respective amount and A.M. Best rating for each reinsurer representing in excess of five percent of the total as of June 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
ReinsurerA.M. Best RatingAmount% of TotalAmount% of Total
Reinsurer AA-$1,611 63.0 %$1,626 63.0 %
Reinsurer BA+431 16.8 423 16.4 
Reinsurer CA+208 8.1 212 8.2 
Reinsurer DA59 2.3 59 2.3 
Reinsurer EA++47 1.8 42 1.6 
Reinsurer FA+44 1.7 44 1.7 
Other reinsurers158 6.3 174 6.8 
Total$2,558 100.0 %$2,580 100.0 %
Included in the total reinsurance ceded receivables and other balance were $215 million and $203 million of claims recoverable, of which $10 million and $10 million were in excess of 90 days past due, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Also included in the total reinsurance ceded receivable and other is a deposit asset on reinsurance of $1,611 million and $1,626 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
35

Table of Contents

12.    Policy Claims and Benefits
Rollforward of Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses
The liability for unpaid claims is reported in future policy benefits and other policy claims and benefits on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Activity associated with unpaid claims is summarized below (dollars in millions):
Six Months Ended June 30,
2022
2021
Balance, beginning of period$8,053 $7,556 
Less: reinsurance recoverable(556)(641)
Net balance, beginning of period7,497 6,915 
Incurred:
Current year6,813 7,631 
Prior years(114)(122)
Total incurred6,699 7,509 
Payments:
Current year(2,009)(2,747)
Prior years(4,975)(4,358)
Total payments(6,984)(7,105)
Other changes:
Interest accretion15 20 
Foreign exchange adjustments(233)(38)
Total other changes(218)(18)
Net balance, end of period6,994 7,302 
Plus: reinsurance recoverable573 674 
Balance, end of period$7,567 $7,976 
Incurred claims associated with prior periods are primarily due to events, related to long-duration business, which were incurred in prior periods but were reported in the current period, and to a lesser extent, the development of short-duration business claims for prior years being different than were anticipated when the liabilities for unpaid claims were originally estimated.  These trends have been considered in establishing the current year liability for unpaid claims.
13.    New Accounting Standards
Changes to the general accounting principles are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™. Accounting standards updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
Standards Adopted
For information on the adoption of recent accounting guidance and their impact, if any, on the Company’s results of operations and financial position, see Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report.
Standards Not Yet Adopted
In the first quarter of 2023, the Company will adopt Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”): ASU 2018-12, Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (“ASU 2018-12”). ASU 2018-12 updates certain requirements for the accounting for long-duration insurance contracts.
Cash flow assumptions and measuring liability for future policy benefits – ASU 2018-12 requires the Company to review its cash flow assumptions at least annually and update, when necessary, with the impact recognized in net income in the period of the change.
Upon adoption, there will be an adjustment to retained earnings as a result of capping the net premium ratio at 100% and eliminating negative reserves on certain issue year cohorts.
Discount rate – The discount rate assumption is prescribed by ASU 2018-12 as an upper-medium (low credit risk) fixed-income yield and is required to be updated every quarter. The change in the liability as a result of updating the discount rate assumption is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).
36

Table of Contents

Upon adoption, there will be an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a result of remeasuring in force contract liabilities using current upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields. The adjustment will largely reflect the difference between discount rates locked-in at contract inception versus current discount rates at transition.
Deferred policy acquisition costs and similar balances – Deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and other capitalized costs such as unearned revenue are amortized on a constant level or straight-line basis over the expected term of the contracts.
Upon adoption, the Company expects an adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the removal of cumulative adjustments to DAC associated with unrealized gains and losses previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Market risk benefits – Market risk benefits, which are contracts or contract features that provide protection to the policyholder from capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk, are measured at fair value. The periodic change in fair value is recognized in net income with the exception of the periodic change in fair value related to the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in OCI.
Upon adoption, the Company expects an impact to (1) accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk between contract issue date and transition date and (2) retained earnings for the difference between fair value and carrying value at the transition date, excluding the changes in the instrument-specific credit risk.
The updated guidance for the cash flow assumptions, discount rate and deferred policy acquisition costs will be applied on a modified retrospective method as of the earliest period included in the financial statements; that is, to contracts in force as of January 1, 2021. The guidance for market risk benefits will be applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.
The Company estimates the adoption of the new guidance will decrease previously reported retained earnings by approximately $1.0 billion to $1.3 billion, net of tax, and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by approximately $5.1 billion to $7.1 billion, net of tax, as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. In addition, the Company estimates the adoption of the new guidance will decrease previously reported retained earnings by approximately $0.5 billion to $0.8 billion, net of tax, and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by approximately $3.2 billion to $5.2 billion, net of tax, as of December 31, 2021. All amounts assume a tax rate of 24 percent. While the Company has substantially completed the necessary updates to its valuation models and other systems to implement the standard, the Company’s implementation of the new guidance is ongoing. The actual impact of adoption, including the actual tax rate, will be updated as the model validation, system testing and parallel runs continue through the remainder of 2022; therefore, the Company’s estimates are subject to change.



37

Table of Contents

ITEM 2.        MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including, among others, statements relating to projections of the future operations, strategies, earnings, revenues, income or loss, ratios, financial performance and growth potential of the Company. Forward-looking statements often contain words and phrases such as “intend,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “predict,” “anticipate,” “should,” “believe” and other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company. Forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Future events and actual results, performance, and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by or underlying the forward-looking statements.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the response thereto on economic conditions, the financial markets and insurance risks, and the resulting effects on the Company’s financial results, liquidity, capital resources, financial metrics, investment portfolio and stock price, could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Additionally, numerous other important factors (whether related to, resulting from or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise) could also cause results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: (1) adverse changes in mortality, morbidity, lapsation or claims experience, (2) inadequate risk analysis and underwriting, (3) adverse capital and credit market conditions and their impact on the Company’s liquidity, access to capital and cost of capital, (4) changes in the Company’s financial strength and credit ratings and the effect of such changes on the Company’s future results of operations and financial condition, (5) the availability and cost of collateral necessary for regulatory reserves and capital, (6) requirements to post collateral or make payments due to declines in market value of assets subject to the Company’s collateral arrangements, (7) action by regulators who have authority over the Company’s reinsurance operations in the jurisdictions in which it operates, (8) the effect of the Company parent’s status as an insurance holding company and regulatory restrictions on its ability to pay principal of and interest on its debt obligations, (9) general economic conditions or a prolonged economic downturn affecting the demand for insurance and reinsurance in the Company’s current and planned markets, (10) the impairment of other financial institutions and its effect on the Company’s business, (11) fluctuations in U.S. or foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, or securities and real estate markets, (12) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the value of the Company’s investment securities or result in the impairment of all or a portion of the value of certain of the Company’s investment securities, that in turn could affect regulatory capital, (13) market or economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s ability to make timely sales of investment securities, (14) risks inherent in the Company’s risk management and investment strategy, including changes in investment portfolio yields due to interest rate or credit quality changes, (15) the fact that the determination of allowances and impairments taken on the Company’s investments is highly subjective, (16) the stability of and actions by governments and economies in the markets in which the Company operates, including ongoing uncertainties regarding the amount of U.S. sovereign debt and the credit ratings thereof, (17) the Company’s dependence on third parties, including those insurance companies and reinsurers to which the Company cedes some reinsurance, third-party investment managers and others, (18) financial performance of the Company’s clients, (19) the threat of natural disasters, catastrophes, terrorist attacks, epidemics or pandemics anywhere in the world where the Company or its clients do business, (20) competitive factors and competitors’ responses to the Company’s initiatives, (21) development and introduction of new products and distribution opportunities, (22) execution of the Company’s entry into new markets, (23) integration of acquired blocks of business and entities, (24) interruption or failure of the Company’s telecommunication, information technology or other operational systems, or the Company’s failure to maintain adequate security to protect the confidentiality or privacy of personal or sensitive data stored on such systems, (25) adverse litigation or arbitration results, (26) the adequacy of reserves, resources and accurate information relating to settlements, awards and terminated and discontinued lines of business, (27) changes in laws, regulations, and accounting standards applicable to the Company or its business, including Long Duration Targeted Improvement accounting changes, and (28) other risks and uncertainties described in this document and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Forward-looking statements should be evaluated together with the many risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those mentioned in this document and described in the periodic reports the Company files with the SEC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even though the Company’s situation may change in the future. For a discussion of these risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements, you are advised to see Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the 2021 Annual Report, as may be supplemented by Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
38

Table of Contents

Overview
The Company is among the leading global providers of life reinsurance and financial solutions, with $3.4 trillion of life reinsurance in force and assets of $84.6 billion as of June 30, 2022. Traditional reinsurance includes individual and group life and health, disability, and critical illness reinsurance. Financial solutions includes longevity reinsurance, asset-intensive reinsurance, capital solutions, including financial reinsurance, and stable value products. The Company derives revenues primarily from renewal premiums from existing reinsurance treaties, new business premiums from existing or new reinsurance treaties, fee income from financial solutions business and income earned on invested assets.
Historically, the Company’s primary business has been traditional life reinsurance, which involves reinsuring life insurance policies that are often in force for the remaining lifetime of the underlying individuals insured, with premiums earned typically over a period of 10 to 30 years. To a lesser extent, the Company also reinsures health business typically reinsured for one to three years. Each year, however, a portion of the business under existing treaties terminates due to, among other things, lapses or voluntary surrenders of underlying policies, deaths of insureds, and the exercise of recapture options by ceding companies. The Company has expanded its financial solutions business, including significant asset-intensive and longevity risk transactions, which allow its clients to take advantage of growth opportunities and manage their capital, longevity and investment risk.
For its traditional life business, the Company’s profitability largely depends on the volume and amount of death- and health-related claims incurred and the ability to adequately price the risks it assumes. While death claims are reasonably predictable over a period of many years, claims become less predictable over shorter periods and are subject to significant fluctuation from quarter to quarter and year to year. For longevity business, the Company’s profitability depends on the lifespan of the underlying contract holders and the investment performance for certain contracts. Additionally, the Company generates profits on investment spreads associated with the reinsurance of investment type contracts and generates fees from financial reinsurance transactions, which are typically shorter duration than its traditional life reinsurance business. The Company believes its sources of liquidity are sufficient to cover potential claims payments on both a short-term and long-term basis.
As is customary in the reinsurance business, clients continually update, refine, and revise reinsurance information provided to the Company. Such revised information is used by the Company in preparation of its condensed consolidated financial statements and the financial effects resulting from the incorporation of revised data are reflected in the current period.
Segment Presentation
The Company has geographic-based and business-based operational segments. Geographic-based operations are further segmented into traditional and financial solutions businesses. The Company allocates capital to its segments based on an internally developed economic capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a consistent basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model considers the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in RGA’s businesses.
As a result of the economic capital allocation process, a portion of investment income is credited to the segments based on the level of allocated capital. In addition, the segments are charged for excess capital utilized above the allocated economic capital basis. This charge is included in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses. Segment investment performance varies with the composition of investments and the relative allocation of capital to the operating segments.
Segment revenue levels can be significantly influenced by currency fluctuations, large transactions, mix of business and reporting practices of ceding companies, and therefore may fluctuate from period to period. Although reasonably predictable over a period of years, segment claims experience can be volatile over shorter periods. See “Results of Operations by Segment” below for further information about the Company’s segments.

39

Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the application of accounting policies that often involve a significant degree of judgment. Management, on an ongoing basis, reviews estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements. If management determines that modifications in assumptions and estimates are appropriate given current facts and circumstances, results of operations and financial position as reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements could change significantly.
Management believes the critical accounting policies relating to the following areas are most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions:
    Premiums receivable;
    Deferred acquisition costs;
    Liabilities for future policy benefits and incurred but not reported claims;
    Valuation of investments, allowance for credit losses and impairments to specific investments;
    Valuation of embedded derivatives; and
    Income taxes.
A discussion of each of the critical accounting policies may be found in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Critical Accounting Policies.”
Consolidated Results of Operations
Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Although global COVID-19 related deaths have begun to decline, the Company continues to experience increased claim costs, primarily in the first quarter of 2022, as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic. However, the Company cannot reliably predict the future impact the ongoing pandemic will have on its business, results of operations and financial condition as the impact will depend on, among other factors, the severity of new variants of the virus, vaccination effectiveness, country-specific circumstances, and COVID-19’s indirect impact on mortality and morbidity.
The ultimate amount and timing of claims the Company will experience as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend on many variables and uncertainties. These variables and uncertainties include those discussed above, in addition to age, gender, comorbidities, other insured versus general population characteristics, geography-specific institutional and individual mitigating actions, medical capacity, and other factors. To date, general population COVID-19 deaths have been heavily concentrated in individuals aged 70 and older and with pre-existing comorbidities; however, many populations have seen an increase in younger age deaths, particularly in areas where healthcare facilities were unable to provide adequate care. The Company’s insured population has lower exposure to older ages than the general population and covers a generally healthier population due to underwriting and socioeconomic factors of those purchasing insurance. In addition, the Company’s longevity business may act as a modest offset to excess life insurance claims at older ages.
The Company’s COVID-19 projection and financial impact models continue to be updated and refined based on latest external data and the Company’s claim experience to date and are subject to the many variables and uncertainties noted above. The U.S. continues to be the key driver of mortality claim costs followed by Canada and the UK. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company estimates it has incurred approximately $316 million of COVID-19 related life and health claim costs, including amounts incurred but not reported, with approximately $258 million of that amount being associated with the U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment. The Company has maintained the range of COVID-19 mortality claim cost estimates relative to the level of general population deaths for the U.S., UK and Canada. The Company estimates that every additional 10,000 population deaths in the U.S., UK or Canada as a result of COVID-19 would result in the following corresponding excess mortality claims of approximately
$10 million to $20 million in the U.S.;
$4 million to $8 million in the UK; and
$10 million to $20 million in Canada.

40

Table of Contents

Results from Operations 2022 compared to 2021
The following table summarizes net income for the periods presented.
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net premiums$3,230 $3,098 $132 $6,385 $6,012 $373 
Investment income, net of related expenses754 759 (5)1,564 1,571 (7)
Investment related gains (losses), net(254)112 (366)(380)414 (794)
Other revenues157 168 (11)248 259 (11)
Total revenues3,887 4,137 (250)7,817 8,256 (439)
Benefits and Expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits2,815 2,813 6,040 6,005 35 
Interest credited138 218 (80)279 364 (85)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses393 339 54 748 672 76 
Other operating expenses243 240 469 454 15 
Interest expense42 43 (1)84 88 (4)
Collateral finance and securitization expense— (2)
Total benefits and expenses3,633 3,655 (22)7,623 7,588 35 
 Income before income taxes
254 482 (228)194 668 (474)
Provision for income taxes55 138 (83)58 185 (127)
Net income199 344 (145)136 483 (347)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest $$— $$— 
Net income available to RGA, Inc. shareholders$198 $344 $(146)$135 $483 $(348)
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share$2.95 $5.06 $(2.11)$2.01 $7.11 $(5.10)
Diluted earnings per share$2.92 $5.02 $(2.10)$2.00 $7.06 $(5.06)
Three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to three months ended June 30, 2021
The decrease in income for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily the result of:
Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments included in investment related gains (losses), net. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, the fair value of these instruments decreased by $114 million and $204 million, compared to an increase (decrease) of $30 million and $(21) million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives, associated with modco/funds withheld treaties, decreased investment related gains by $56 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to an increase of $16 million for the three month period June 30, 2021.
$60 million, pre-tax, of net realized losses, included in investment related gains (losses), net associated with portfolio repositioning compared to $23 million of net realized gains recognized in the prior year.
Six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to six months ended June 30, 2021
The decrease in income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily the result of:
Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives, associated with modco/funds withheld treaties, decreased investment related gains by $89 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to an increase of $66 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
$85 million, pre-tax, of net realized losses, included in investment related gains (losses), net associated with portfolio repositioning compared to $177 million of net realized gains recognized in the prior year.
The prior year benefited from a one-time adjustment of $162 million, pretax, associated with prior periods that includes $92 million, pretax, to correct the accounting for equity method limited partnerships to reflect unrealized gains in investment income, net of related expenses that were previously included in accumulated other comprehensive income, and a $70 million, pretax, correction reflected in other investment related gains (losses), net to adjust the carrying value of certain limited partnerships from cost less impairments to a fair value approach, using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share or its equivalent.
41

Table of Contents

Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in financial statement line items. Foreign currency increased income before taxes for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, by $7 million and $13 million, respectively, primarily due to the weakening of the Japanese Yen compared to the U.S. Dollar. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.
Premiums and business growth
The increase in premiums during the three and six month period ended June 30, 2022, is primarily due to new business production. Consolidated assumed life reinsurance in force decreased from $3,471.7 billion as of June 30, 2021, to $3,380.9 billion as of June 30, 2022, due to changes in foreign exchange rates partially offset by new business production. The Company added new business production, measured by face amount of reinsurance in force, of $215.7 billion and $220.9 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Investment income, net of related expenses and investment related gains (losses), net
The decrease in investment income, net of related expenses is primarily attributable to the aforementioned accounting correction associated with equity method limited partnerships recorded in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by an increase in the average invested asset base and yield:
The average invested assets at amortized cost, excluding spread business, was $34.9 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $33.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2021.
The average yield earned on investments, excluding spread related business, was 4.63% and 4.64% for the three month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 4.96% and 5.15% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The average yield will vary from year to year depending on several variables, including the prevailing risk-fee interest rate and credit spread environment, prepayment fees and make-whole premiums, changes in the mix of the underlying investments and cash and cash equivalents balances. Variable investment income from joint ventures and limited partnerships, including unrealized gains and losses on certain limited partnerships, will also vary from year to year and can be highly variable based on equity-market performance and the timing of dividends and distributions on certain investments. Investment income is allocated to the operating segments based upon average assets and related capital levels deemed appropriate to support segment operations.
The decrease in investment related gains (losses), net is primarily attributable to the following:
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repositioned its portfolio generating capital losses of $60 million and $85 million, respectively, compared to net capital gains of $23 million and $177 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
The Company uses various derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and foreign exchange forwards for risk management purposes that either do not qualify or have not been elected for hedge accounting treatment. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are included in investment related gains (losses), net. During the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2022, the fair value of these instruments decreased by $114 million and $204 million, compared to an increase (decrease) of $30 million and $(21) million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives, associated with modco/funds withheld treaties, decreased investment related gains (losses), net by $56 million and $89 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to an increase of $16 million and $66 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021.
The Company incurred $15 million and $27 million of impairments and change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to a decrease of $5 million and $3 of impairments and change in allowance for credit losses during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2021, respectively.
Investment related gains (losses), net, for the first six months of 2021 included the adjustment previously discussed to investments in limited partnerships considered to be investment companies, which should have been recognized in prior periods, of $70 million pre-tax to adjust the carrying value from cost less impairments to the fair value approach, using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share or its equivalent.
The effective tax rate on a consolidated basis was 22.1% and 28.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 30.1% and 27.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See Note 9 – “Income Tax”
42

Table of Contents

in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s consolidated effective tax rates.
Impact of certain derivatives
The Company recognizes in consolidated income, any changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives on modco or funds withheld treaties, equity index annuities (“EIAs”) and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The Company utilizes freestanding derivatives to minimize the income statement volatility due to changes in the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. The following table presents the effect of embedded derivatives and related freestanding derivatives on income before income taxes for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended June 30,
Six Months Ended June 30,
2022
2021
2022 vs 2021
2022
2021
2022 vs 2021
Modco/Funds withheld:
Unrealized gains (losses)$(56)$16 $(72)$(89)$66 $(155)
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession31 (7)38 51 (23)74 
Net effect(25)(34)(38)43 (81)
EIAs:
Unrealized gains (losses)27 24 44 33 11 
Deferred acquisition costs/retrocession(12)(1)(11)(20)(17)(3)
Net effect15 13 24 16 
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders:
Unrealized gains (losses)(11)(16)
Related freestanding derivatives, net of deferred acquisition costs/retrocession20 (19)(27)(33)
Net effect(10)(14)(25)(32)
Total net effect after freestanding derivatives$(20)$15 $(35)$(39)$27 $(66)

43

Table of Contents

Results of Operations by Segment
U.S. and Latin America Operations
The U.S. and Latin America operations consist of two major segments: Traditional and Financial Solutions. The Traditional segment primarily specializes in the reinsurance of individual mortality risk, health and long-term care and to a lesser extent, group reinsurance. The Financial Solutions segment consists of Asset-Intensive and Capital Solutions. Asset-Intensive within the Financial Solutions segment includes coinsurance of annuities and corporate-owned life insurance policies and to a lesser extent, fee-based synthetic guaranteed investment contracts, which include investment-only, stable value contracts. Capital Solutions within the Financial Solutions segment primarily involves assisting ceding companies in meeting applicable regulatory requirements by enhancing the ceding companies’ financial strength and regulatory surplus position through relatively low risk reinsurance and other transactions. Typically, these transactions do not qualify as reinsurance under GAAP, due to the low-risk nature of the transactions, therefore only the related net fees are reflected in other revenues on the condensed consolidated statements of income.
The following table summarizes income before income taxes for the Company’s U.S. and Latin America operations for the periods presented:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$1,645 $1,593 $52 $3,201 $3,025 $176 
Investment income, net of related expenses461 509 (48)1,028 974 54 
Investment related gains (losses), net(74)31 (105)(139)31 (170)
Other revenues114 116 (2)175 174 
Total revenues2,146 2,249 (103)4,265 4,204 61 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits1,431 1,439 (8)3,244 3,239 
Interest credited118 200 (82)242 331 (89)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses268 238 30 517 469 48 
Other operating expenses59 51 114 99 15 
Total benefits and expenses1,876 1,928 (52)4,117 4,138 (21)
Income before income taxes$270 $321 $(51)$148 $66 $82 
The decrease in income before income taxes in the second quarter of 2022 was primarily driven by a decrease in investment related gains (losses) in the Financial Solutions segment, as well as a decrease in the fair value of the embedded derivative associated with modco/funds withheld treaties. The decrease was partially offset by favorable claims experience within the Individual Mortality line of business. The increase in income before income taxes for the first six months of 2022 is attributable primarily to higher investment income related to strong variable investment income in the first quarter combined with increases in net premiums, and favorable claims experience within the Individual Mortality line of business. Partially offsetting the six month increases were decreases in investment related gains (losses) and a decrease in the fair value of the embedded derivative associated with modco/funds withheld treaties.

44

Table of Contents

Traditional Reinsurance
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$1,631 $1,578 $53 $3,172 $2,997 $175 
Investment income, net of related expenses209 233 (24)513 440 73 
Investment related gains (losses), net19 18 34 27 
Other revenues16 
Total revenues1,868 1,816 52 3,735 3,453 282 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits1,389 1,418 (29)3,154 3,158 (4)
Interest credited17 18 (1)34 35 (1)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses208 206 416 388 28 
Other operating expenses45 39 88 75 13 
Total benefits and expenses1,659 1,681 (22)3,692 3,656 36 
Income (loss) before income taxes$209 $135 $74 $43 $(203)$246 
Key metrics:
Life reinsurance in force$1,650.5 billion$1,619.4 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)85.2 %89.9 %99.4 %105.4 %
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums12.8 %13.1 %13.1 %12.9 %
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums2.8 %2.5 %2.8 %2.5 %
The increase in income before income taxes in the second quarter for the U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment was primarily the result of favorable claims experience within the Individual Mortality business, partially offset by less favorable claims experience within the U.S. Group and Latin American markets. The increase in income before taxes for the first six months was primarily the result of higher investment income related to variable investment income, increased premium, and favorable claims experience within the Individual Mortality business, partially offset by less favorable claims experience within the U.S. Group and Latin American markets.
Revenues
The increase in net premiums of $53 million for the second quarter was primarily due to organic growth as well as new sales. The increase in net premiums for the six month period was primarily due to organic growth and new sales of $95 million, as well as $47 million in restructuring of a transaction that was previously recognized as a low risk or deposit transaction in Latin America and $33 million related to the partial recapture of a large reinsurance transaction in the second quarter of 2021. The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of reinsurance in force, of $32.7 billion and $35.7 billion during the second quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $72.2 billion and $64.2 billion during the first six months of 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The decrease in net investment income for the three month period ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to lower variable investment income. The increase in net investment income for the six month period was primarily the result of higher variable investment income associated with investments in real estate joint ventures, limited partnerships, and private equity funds.
Benefits and expenses
The decreases in the loss ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were primarily due to favorable COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 experience, mainly within the Individual Mortality line of business. While the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company estimates that approximately $258 million of claims for the six months ended June 30, 2022, were attributable to COVID-19.
The increase in policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily attributable to the restructure of a transaction in Latin America.

45

Table of Contents

Financial Solutions
For the three months ended June 30,202220212022 vs 2021
Asset-IntensiveCapital SolutionsTotalAsset-IntensiveCapital SolutionsTotalAsset-IntensiveCapital SolutionsTotal
(dollars in millions)
Revenues:
Net premiums$14 $— $14 $15 $— $15 $(1)$— $(1)
Investment income, net of related expenses251 252 276 — 276 (25)(24)
Investment related gains (losses), net(93)— (93)30 — 30 (123)— (123)
Other revenues31 74 105 85 27 112 (54)47 (7)
Total revenues203 75 278 406 27 433 (203)48 (155)
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits42 — 42 21 — 21 21 — 21 
Interest credited101 — 101 182 — 182 (81)— (81)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses59 60 32 — 32 27 28 
Other operating expenses12 14 12 (2)
Total benefits and expenses214 217 243 247 (29)(1)(30)
Income before income taxes$(11)$72 $61 $163 $23 $186 $(174)$49 $(125)
For the six months ended June 30,202220212022 vs 2021
Asset-IntensiveCapital SolutionsTotalAsset-IntensiveCapital SolutionsTotalAsset-IntensiveCapital SolutionsTotal
(dollars in millions)
Revenues:
Net premiums$29 $— $29 $28 $— $28 $$— $
Investment income, net of related expenses513 515 533 534 (20)(19)
Investment related gains (losses), net(173)— (173)24 — 24 (197)— (197)
Other revenues58 101 159 111 54 165 (53)47 (6)
Total revenues427 103 530 696 55 751 (269)48 (221)
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits90 — 90 81 — 81 — 
Interest credited208 — 208 296 — 296 (88)— (88)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses99 101 79 81 20 — 20 
Other operating expenses21 26 17 24 (2)
Total benefits and expenses418 425 473 482 (55)(2)(57)
Income before income taxes$$96 $105 $223 $46 $269 $(214)$50 $(164)
Asset-Intensive Reinsurance
The decreases in income before income taxes for U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions’ Asset-intensive segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to higher investment related losses, net in coinsurance portfolios and the decrease in fair value of the embedded derivatives related to modco/funds withheld treaties.
The invested asset base, at amortized cost, supporting this segment decreased to $23.8 billion as of June 30, 2022, from $26.7 billion as of June 30, 2021.
The decrease in the asset base was primarily due to $1.6 billion of retrocessions completed in the second half of 2021 and net run off in existing in force transactions.
As of June 30, 2022 and 2021, $4.3 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, of the invested assets were funds withheld at interest of which greater than 90% was associated with two clients.

46

Table of Contents

Impact of certain derivatives
Income from the asset-intensive business tends to be volatile due to changes in the fair value of certain derivatives, including embedded derivatives associated with reinsurance treaties structured on a modco or funds withheld basis, as well as embedded derivatives associated with the Company’s reinsurance of equity-indexed annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed minimum benefit riders. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including risk-free rates and credit spreads), implied volatility, the Company’s own credit risk and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives, net of related hedging activity, and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues), and interest credited. These fluctuations are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties.
The following table summarizes the asset-intensive results and quantifies the impact of these embedded derivatives for the periods presented. Revenues before certain derivatives, benefits and expenses before certain derivatives, and income before income taxes and certain derivatives, should not be viewed as substitutes for GAAP revenues, GAAP benefits and expenses, and GAAP income before income taxes.
(dollars in millions)Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Revenues:
Total revenues$203 $406 $427 $696 
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties(75)14 (123)59 
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives(5)— (28)(65)
Revenues before certain derivatives283 392 578 702 
Benefits and expenses:
Total benefits and expenses214 243 418 473 
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties(31)(51)23 
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives(4)(3)(33)
Equity-indexed annuities(15)(2)(24)(16)
Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives255 243 496 499 
Income before income taxes:
Income before income taxes(11)163 223 
Less:
Embedded derivatives – modco/funds withheld treaties(44)(72)36 
Guaranteed minimum benefit riders and related free standing derivatives(10)(25)(32)
Equity-indexed annuities15 24 16 
Income before income taxes and certain derivatives$28 $149 $82 $203 
Embedded Derivatives Modco/Funds Withheld Treaties Represents the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives on funds withheld at interest associated with treaties written on a modco or funds withheld basis. The fair value changes of embedded derivatives are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in benefits and expenses. The Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment did not have a material effect on the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.
The change in fair value of the embedded derivatives related to modco/funds withheld treaties, net of deferred acquisition costs increased (decreased) income before income taxes by $(44) million and $8 million for the second quarter and $(72) million and $36 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in revenue for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by the impact of higher interest rates of $(56) million and $(87) million and the impact of widening credit spreads of $(30) million and $(56) million, respectively, on the fair value calculation. The revenue for the second quarter ended June 30, 2021, was primarily due to natural run-off of the funds withheld. The revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily driven by tightening credit spreads of $71 million.
47

Table of Contents

Guaranteed Minimum Benefit Riders Represents the impact related to guaranteed minimum benefits associated with the Company’s reinsurance of variable annuities. The fair value changes of the guaranteed minimum benefits along with the changes in fair value of the free standing derivatives (interest rate swaps, financial futures and equity options), purchased by the Company to substantially hedge the liability are reflected in revenues, while the related impact on deferred acquisition expenses is reflected in benefits and expenses. Changes in fair values of the embedded derivatives on guaranteed minimum benefits are net of an increase (decrease) in investment related gains (losses), net of $2 million and $(8) million for the second quarters of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $(11) million and $(63) million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with the Company’s utilization of a credit valuation adjustment.
The change in fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefits, after allowing for changes in the associated free standing derivatives, increased (decreased) income before income taxes by $(10) million and $4 million for the second quarter and $(25) million and $(32) million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily driven by higher interest rates of $(8) million, net of hedging. The decrease in income for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to higher interest rates of $(9) million, net of hedging and an $(11) million decrease in the credit valuation adjustment which has the impact of increasing the fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefit liability, net of related impact on deferred acquisition expenses. The revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was primarily driven by a $(63) million decrease in the credit valuation adjustment which has the impact of increasing the fair value of the guaranteed minimum benefit liability, net of related impact on deferred acquisition expenses.
Equity-Indexed Annuities Represents changes in the liability for equity-indexed annuities in excess of changes in account value, after adjustments for related deferred acquisition expenses. The change in fair value of embedded derivative liabilities associated with equity-indexed annuities increased income before income taxes by $15 million and $2 million for the second quarters of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $24 million and $16 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  The increase in income for the second quarter and first six months of 2022 was primarily due to an increase in risk free interest rates which has the impact of lowering the fair value of the liability.
The changes in derivatives discussed above are considered unrealized by management and do not affect current cash flows, crediting rates or spread performance on the underlying treaties. Fluctuations occur period to period primarily due to changing investment conditions including, but not limited to, interest rate movements (including benchmark rates and credit spreads), credit valuation adjustments, implied volatility and equity market performance, all of which are factors in the calculations of fair value. Therefore, management believes it is helpful to distinguish between the effects of changes in these derivatives and the primary factors that drive profitability of the underlying treaties, namely investment income, fee income (included in other revenues) and interest credited.
Discussion and analysis before certain derivatives:
Income before income taxes and certain derivatives decreased by $121 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to a $(61) million decrease in investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios. Additionally, the prior period included a one-time fee of $34 million associated with a new transaction and favorable prior year policyholder experience including impacts from COVID-19 of $13 million. The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to $(88) million lower investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios, partially offset by $22 million of higher variable investment income. Additionally, the prior period included a one-time fee of $34 million associated with a new transaction and favorable prior year policyholder experience including impacts from COVID-19 of $13 million.
Revenue before certain derivatives decreased by $109 million and by $124 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2021. The decrease for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to a $(39) million change in the fair value of equity options associated with the reinsurance of EIAs and $(33) million decrease in investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios. Additionally, the prior period included a one-time fee of $34 million associated with a new transaction. The decrease for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily due to $(72) million change in fair value of equity options associated with the reinsurance of EIAs and $(58) million decrease in investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios, partially offset by $28 million of higher variable investment income. Additionally, the prior period included a one-time fee of $34 million associated with a new transaction. The effect on investment income related to equity options is substantially offset by a corresponding change in interest credited.
48

Table of Contents

Benefits and expenses before certain derivatives increased (decreased) by $12 million and $(3) million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in the second quarter of 2022 was primarily due to $23 million higher amortization of deferred acquisition costs associated with investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios and a $14 million increase in other insurance expenses related to a funds withheld transaction which is retroceded to a third party. These expense increases were partially offset by $38 million lower interest credited associated with reinsurance of EIAs. Additionally, the prior period included favorable policyholder experience including impacts from COVID-19 of $13 million. The decrease in the first six months of 2022 was due to $70 million lower interest credited associated with the reinsurance of EIAs, and favorable policyholder experience of $13 million in the prior year. The effect on interest credited related to equity options is substantially offset by a corresponding increase in investment income. The decreases in interest credited and policyholder benefits was partially offset by $24 million higher amortization of deferred acquisition costs associated with investment related gains (losses), net in coinsurance and funds withheld portfolios and a $24 million in other insurance expenses related to a funds withheld transactions which is retroceded to a third party.
Capital Solutions
Income before income taxes for the U.S. and Latin America Capital Solutions’ business increased $49 million, or 213.0%, and $50 million, or 108.7%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021. The increase was primarily due to a recapture fee earned on a terminated transaction. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size of the transactions and the timing of their completion and therefore can fluctuate from period to period.
At June 30, 2022 and 2021, the amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, risk based capital and other financial structures was $24.1 billion and $22.3 billion, respectively.
Canada Operations
The Company conducts reinsurance business in Canada primarily through RGA Canada, which assists clients with capital management activity and mortality and morbidity risk management. The Canada operations are primarily engaged in Traditional reinsurance, which consists mainly of traditional individual life reinsurance, and to a lesser extent creditor, group life and health, critical illness and disability reinsurance. Creditor insurance covers the outstanding balance on personal, mortgage or commercial loans in the event of death, disability or critical illness and is generally shorter in duration than traditional individual life insurance. The Canada Financial Solutions segment consists of longevity and capital solutions.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$339 $324 $15 $666 $627 $39 
Investment income, net of related expenses57 63 (6)113 123 (10)
Investment related gains (losses), net(6)— (6)(5)(7)
Other revenues(1)(2)
Total revenues394 392 781 761 20 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits317 298 19 628 582 46 
Interest credited— — — — — — 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses46 47 (1)93 92 
Other operating expenses11 11 — 21 21 — 
Total benefits and expenses374 356 18 742 695 47 
Income before income taxes$20 $36 $(16)$39 $66 $(27)
The decreases in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in the individual mortality line of business and lower investment income, partially offset by favorable claims experience in the creditor line of business and favorable longevity experience.
Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in the financial statement line items. Foreign currency fluctuations resulted in a decrease in income before incomes taxes of $1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.
49

Table of Contents

Traditional Reinsurance
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$314 $301 $13 $618 $581 $37 
Investment income, net of related expenses58 63 (5)113 123 (10)
Investment related gains (losses), net(6)— (6)(5)(7)
Other revenues(1)— 
Total revenues367 366 729 709 20 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits295 277 18 595 543 52 
Interest credited— — — — — — 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses46 46 — 92 91 
Other operating expenses10 11 (1)20 19 
Total benefits and expenses351 334 17 707 653 54 
Income (loss) before income taxes$16 $32 $(16)$22 $56 $(34)
Key metrics:
Life reinsurance in force$477.2 billion$468.3 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)93.9 %92.0 %96.3 %93.5 %
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums14.6 %15.3 %14.9 %15.7 %
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums3.2 %3.7 %3.2 %3.3 %
The decreases in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in the individual mortality line of business and lower investment income, partially offset by favorable claims experience in the creditor line of business.
Revenues
The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of reinsurance in force, of $12.8 billion and $8.5 billion for the second quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $25.5 billion, and $22.7 billion during the first six months of 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The decreases in net investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to decreased variable investment income, partially offset by an increase in the invested asset base.
Benefits and expenses
The increases in the loss ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were primarily due to unfavorable claims experience in the individual mortality line of business. While the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company estimates that approximately $22 million of claims for the six months ended June 30, 2022, were attributable to COVID-19.
Financial Solutions
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$25 $23 $$48 $46 $
Investment income, net of related expenses(1)— (1)— — — 
Investment related gains (losses), net— — — — — — 
Other revenues— (2)
Total revenues27 26 52 52 — 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits22 21 33 39 (6)
Interest credited— — — — — — 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses— (1)— 
Other operating expenses— (1)
Total benefits and expenses23 22 35 42 (7)
Income (loss) before income taxes$$$— $17 $10 $
50

Table of Contents

The increase in income before income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily a result of more favorable mortality experience on longevity business as compared to the same period in 2021.
Europe, Middle East and Africa Operations
The Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) operations include business primarily generated by offices in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Middle East, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, Spain and the United Kingdom (“UK”). EMEA consists of two major segments: Traditional and Financial Solutions. The Traditional segment primarily provides reinsurance through yearly renewable term and coinsurance agreements on a variety of life, health and critical illness products. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks and, in some markets, group risks. The Financial Solutions segment consists of reinsurance and other transactions associated with longevity closed blocks, payout annuities, capital management solutions and financial reinsurance.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$546 $517 $29 $1,125 $1,034 $91 
Investment income, net of related expenses55 74 (19)112 142 (30)
Investment related gains (losses), net(22)(24)(6)18 (24)
Other revenues(3)
Total revenues581 598 (17)1,239 1,201 38 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits471 456 15 989 1,000 (11)
Interest credited(8)(10)(17)(18)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses39 28 11 65 59 
Other operating expenses44 41 88 78 10 
Total benefits and expenses546 527 19 1,125 1,138 (13)
Income before income taxes$35 $71 $(36)$114 $63 $51 
The decrease in income before income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily the result of decreases in net investment income and investment related gains (losses), net. The increase in income before income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was primarily due to increased net premiums, as well as improved mortality experience.
Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in the financial statement line items. Foreign currency exchange fluctuations resulted in decreases in income before income taxes of $5 million and $7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2021. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.
51

Table of Contents

Traditional Reinsurance
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$427 $433 $(6)$878 $871 $
Investment income, net of related expenses22 24 (2)44 44 — 
Investment related gains (losses), net— — — — — — 
Other revenues(2)(4)— 
Total revenues447 459 (12)923 916 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits377 414 (37)804 883 (79)
Interest credited— — — — — — 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses37 27 10 62 56 
Other operating expenses31 30 61 57 
Total benefits and expenses445 471 (26)927 996 (69)
Income (loss) before income taxes$$(12)$14 $(4)$(80)$76 
Key metrics:
Life reinsurance in force$756.4 billion$861.4 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)88.3 %95.6 %91.6 %101.4 %
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums8.7 %6.2 %7.1 %6.4 %
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums7.3 %6.9 %6.9 %6.5 %
The increase in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021 were primarily due to an improvement in individual life mortality experience and increased net premiums in the first six months of 2022.
Revenues
The increases in net premiums for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were due to an in increase in business volume on new and existing treaties.
The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of reinsurance in force, of $45.1 billion and $87.8 billion during the second quarter of 2022 and 2022, respectively, and $95.6 billion and $115.4 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Benefits and expenses
The decreases in the loss ratio for the second quarter and first six months of 2022 were due to improved mortality experience. While the cause of death is not available for all claims, the Company estimates for the six months ended June 30, 2022, that approximately $12 million of claims were primarily attributable to COVID-19.
Financial Solutions
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$119 $84 $35 $247 $163 $84 
Investment income, net of related expenses33 50 (17)68 98 (30)
Investment related gains (losses), net(22)(24)(6)18 (24)
Other revenues
Total revenues134 139 (5)316 285 31 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits94 42 52 185 117 68 
Interest credited(8)(10)(17)(18)
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses— 
Other operating expenses13 11 27 21 
Total benefits and expenses101 56 45 198 142 56 
Income (loss) before income taxes$33 $83 $(50)$118 $143 $(25)
52

Table of Contents

The decreases in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to the same periods in 2021, were primarily due to decreases in investment income, net of related expenses, investment related gains (losses), net and unfavorable claims experience, partially offset by increases in net premiums.
Revenues
The increases in net premiums for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were primarily due to increased volumes of closed longevity block business.
The decreases in net investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were primarily related lower yield and lower income associated with unit-linked policies which fluctuate with market performance and is offset by a decrease in interest credited related to the unit-linked liabilities.
The decreases in investment related gains (losses), net for the three and six month periods were primarily due to fluctuations in the fair market value of CPI swap derivatives due to changes in future inflation expectations and lower investment related gains on fixed-income securities, respectively.
Benefits and expenses
The increases in claims and other policy benefits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021, were the result of increased volumes of closed longevity block business.
Asia Pacific Operations
The Asia Pacific operations include business generated by its offices principally in Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. The Traditional segment’s principal types of reinsurance include individual and group life and health, critical illness, disability and superannuation. Reinsurance agreements may be facultative or automatic agreements covering primarily individual risks, and in some markets, group risks. Superannuation is the Australian government mandated compulsory retirement savings program. Superannuation funds accumulate retirement funds for employees, and, in addition, typically offer life and disability insurance coverage. The Financial Solutions segment includes financial reinsurance, asset-intensive and certain disability and life blocks.
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$700 $664 $36 $1,393 $1,326 $67 
Investment income, net of related expenses89 65 24 166 126 40 
Investment related gains (losses), net(108)15 (123)(189)26 (215)
Other revenues48 13 35 68 30 38 
Total revenues729 757 (28)1,438 1,508 (70)
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits596 620 (24)1,179 1,184 (5)
Interest credited22 15 42 30 12 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses64 52 12 123 106 17 
Other operating expenses55 51 107 100 
Total benefits and expenses737 738 (1)1,451 1,420 31 
Income before income taxes$(8)$19 $(27)$(13)$88 $(101)
The decreases in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to unfavorable fluctuations in the fair value of derivatives within the Financial Solutions business, partially offset by increases in net premiums and investment income, net.
Foreign currency fluctuations can result in variances in the financial statement line items. Foreign currency fluctuations resulted in an increase in income before income taxes of $11 million and $19 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021. Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of foreign currency fluctuations.
53

Table of Contents

Traditional Reinsurance
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$640 $616 $24 $1,290 $1,225 $65 
Investment income, net of related expenses33 34 (1)66 67 (1)
Investment related gains (losses), net— (1)
Other revenues13 
Total revenues686 653 33 1,374 1,300 74 
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits537 578 (41)1,079 1,096 (17)
Interest credited— — — — — — 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses42 41 89 84 
Other operating expenses49 46 97 91 
Total benefits and expenses628 665 (37)1,265 1,271 (6)
Income (loss) before income taxes$58 $(12)$70 $109 $29 $80 
Key metrics:
Life reinsurance in force$486.1 billion$516.1 billion
Claims and other policy benefits as a percentage of net premiums (“loss ratios”)83.9 %93.8 %83.6 %89.5 %
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses as a percentage of net premiums6.6 %6.7 %6.9 %6.9 %
Other operating expenses as a percentage of net premiums7.7 %7.5 %7.5 %7.4 %
The increases in income before income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021 were primarily the result of an increase in net premiums and favorable claims experience, partially offset by increases in expenses across the segment.
Revenues
The increases in net premiums for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021 were primarily due to continued business growth in the segment related to continued growth in the segment.
The segment added new life business production, measured by face amount of reinsurance in force, of $5.7 billion and $10.9 billion during the second quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $22.3 billion and $18.5 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, due to new business production.
Benefits and expenses
The decreases in the loss ratio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021 were primarily due to favorable claims experience across the segment due to improved COVID-19 experience, primarily in India, and favorable claims experience, primarily in Hong Kong. While the cause of death is not yet available for all claims, the Company estimates for the six months ended June 30, 2022, that approximately $20 million of claims were attributable to COVID-19.
Financial Solutions
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in millions)202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$60 $48 $12 $103 $101 $
Investment income, net of related expenses56 31 25 100 59 41 
Investment related gains (losses), net(113)15 (128)(194)27 (221)
Other revenues40 10 30 55 21 34 
Total revenues43 104 (61)64 208 (144)
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits59 42 17 100 88 12 
Interest credited22 15 42 30 12 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance expenses22 11 11 34 22 12 
Other operating expenses10 
Total benefits and expenses109 73 36 186 149 37 
Income (loss) before income taxes$(66)$31 $(97)$(122)$59 $(181)
54

Table of Contents

The decreases in income before income taxes for the second quarter and first six months of 2022 were primarily due to unfavorable fluctuations in the fair value of derivatives. The invested asset base supporting asset-intensive transactions increased to $10.7 billion as of June 30, 2022, from $6.9 billion as of June 30, 2021. The increase in the asset base compared to 2021 was primarily due to $3.7 billion from recently executed transactions and net organic growth of $1.0 billion from existing inforce blocks. The amount of reinsurance assumed from client companies, as measured by pre-tax statutory surplus, risk based capital and other financial reinsurance structures was $0.9 billion and $1.6 billion for the period ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Fees earned from this business can vary significantly depending on the size, complexity and timing of the transactions and, therefore, can fluctuate from period to period.
The increase in net premium and claims and other policy benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021 is attributable to the impact of recently executed asset-intensive transactions. The increase in net premiums for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to 2021 is attributable to new asset-intensive business, partially offset by lower contributions from single premium asset-intensive transactions.
The Company estimates for the six months ended June 30, 2022, that approximately $4 million of claims were attributable to COVID-19.
The increases in investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to the same periods in 2021 were primarily due to the increase in the asset base.
The decreases in investment related gains (losses), net for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to the decrease in fair value of derivatives of $(106) million and $(196) million, respectively, due to the weakening of the Japanese yen, higher interest rates and widening credit spreads.
The increases in other revenues for the second quarter and six months ended June 30, 2022, were primarily attributable to surrender and market value adjustment charges of $21 million due to higher lapses.
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other revenues primarily include investment income from unallocated invested assets, investment related gains and losses and service fees. Corporate and Other expenses consist of the offset to capital charges allocated to the operating segments within the policy acquisition costs and other insurance income line item, unallocated overhead and executive costs, interest expense related to debt, and the investment income and expense associated with the Company’s Funding Agreement Backed Notes (“FABN”) program, collateral finance and securitization transactions and service business expenses. Additionally, Corporate and Other includes results from certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, such as RGAX, and joint ventures that, among other activities, develop and market technology, and provide consulting and outsourcing solutions for the insurance and reinsurance industries. The Company continues to invest in this area in an effort to both support its clients and accelerate the development of new solutions and services to increase consumer engagement within the life insurance industry and hence generate new future revenue streams.
(dollars in millions)Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 202220212022 vs 2021202220212022 vs 2021
Revenues:
Net premiums$— $— $— $— $— $— 
Investment income, net of related expenses92 48 44 145 206 (61)
Investment related gains (losses), net(44)64 (108)(41)337 (378)
Other revenues(11)29 (40)(10)39 (49)
Total revenues37 141 (104)94 582 (488)
Benefits and expenses:
Claims and other policy benefits— — — — — — 
Interest credited12 10 
Policy acquisition costs and other insurance income(24)(26)(50)(54)
Other operating expenses74 86 (12)139 156 (17)
Interest expense42 43 (1)84 88 (4)
Collateral finance and securitization expense— (2)
Total benefits and expenses100 106 (6)188 197 (9)
Income (loss) before income taxes$(63)$35 $(98)$(94)$385 $(479)
The decreases in income before income taxes for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, were primarily due to a decrease in total revenues, partially offset by a decrease in other operating expenses, attributable to the following:
55

Table of Contents

Net investment income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, includes a one-time adjustment of $92 million of pre-tax unrealized gains on certain limited partnerships, for which the Company uses the equity method of accounting, from AOCI to net investment income. The unrealized gains should have been recognized directly in net investment income in the same prior periods they were reported as earnings by the investees. Excluding this adjustment, the increase in net investment income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, is attributable to higher investment income on Corporate invested assets due to a higher asset base and higher yield. Higher investment income includes income earned on assets associated with the Company’s FABN program, which is partially offset by interest credited related to the program.
Investment related gains (losses), net, for the first six months of 2021 includes an adjustment to investments in limited partnerships considered to be investment companies, which should have been recognized in prior periods, of $70 million to adjust the carrying value from cost less impairments to the fair value approach, using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share or its equivalent. The remaining decrease in investment related gains (losses), net for the second quarter and first six months of 2022 as compared to the prior year is attributable to losses on sales of fixed maturity securities in the current period compared to gains in the prior period, lower unrealized gains on limited partnerships, changes in allowances and impairments on mortgage loans and available for sale securities and a decline in the fair value of equity securities. In addition, changes in the fair value of derivatives as a result of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity markets decreased investment related gains (losses), net.
The decrease in other revenues was primarily due to a decline in the cash surrender value on corporate-owned life insurance of $7 million and $10 million for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, respectively, and gains on the sales of subsidiaries in the prior period of $11 million.
The decreases in other operating expenses for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022, were attributable to a decrease in incentive compensation expense.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
The Company believes that cash flows from the source of funds available to it will provide sufficient cash flows for the next twelve months to satisfy the current liquidity requirements of the Company under various scenarios that include the potential risk of early recapture of reinsurance treaties, market, and economic uncertainties, including interest rates and inflation, and higher than expected claims associated with COVID-19 primarily during the first quarter of 2022. The Company performs periodic liquidity stress testing to ensure its asset portfolio includes sufficient high quality liquid assets that could be utilized to bolster its liquidity position under stress scenarios. These assets could be utilized as collateral for secured borrowing transactions with various third parties or by selling the securities in the open market if needed. The Company’s liquidity requirements have been and will continue to be funded through net cash flows from operations. However, in the event of significant unanticipated cash requirements beyond normal liquidity needs, the Company has multiple liquidity alternatives available based on market conditions and the amount and timing of the liquidity need. These alternatives include the sale of invested assets subject to market conditions, borrowings under committed credit facilities, secured borrowings, and if necessary issuing long-term debt, preferred securities or common equity.
Current Market Environment
The Company’s average investment yield, excluding spread related business and variable investment income, for the six months ended June 30, 2022, was 3.88% or 6 basis points above the same period in 2021 due to the rising interest rate environment. The Company’s insurance liabilities, in particular its annuity products, are sensitive to changing market factors. Gross unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities available-for-sale decreased from $5.3 billion at December 31, 2021, to $0.9 billion at June 30, 2022, due to increased interest rates. Similarly, gross unrealized losses increased from $0.3 billion at December 31, 2021, to $5.1 billion at June 30, 2022.
The Company continues to be in a position to hold any investment security showing an unrealized loss until recovery, provided it remains comfortable with the credit of the issuer. The Company does not rely on short-term funding or commercial paper and to date it has experienced no liquidity pressure, nor does it anticipate such pressure in the foreseeable future.
The Company projects its reserves to be sufficient, and it would not expect to write down deferred acquisition costs or be required to take any actions to augment capital, even if interest rates remain at current levels for the next five years, assuming all other factors remain constant. While interest rates have recently increased, the Company continues to feel the pressures of sustained low interest and volatile equity markets and may continue to do so; however, its underlying business is not overly sensitive to these risks. Mortality and morbidity risks continue to be the most significant risk for the Company. Although management believes the Company’s current capital base is adequate to support its business at current operating levels, it
56

Table of Contents

continues to monitor new business opportunities and any associated new capital needs that could arise from the changing financial landscape
The Holding Company
RGA is an insurance holding company whose primary uses of liquidity include, but are not limited to, the immediate capital needs of its operating companies, dividends paid to its shareholders, repurchase of common stock and interest payments on its indebtedness. The primary sources of RGA’s liquidity include proceeds from its capital-raising efforts, interest income on undeployed corporate investments, interest income received on surplus notes with RGA Reinsurance Company (“RGA Reinsurance”), RGA Life and Annuity Insurance Company (formerly Reinsurance Company of Missouri, Incorporated) and Rockwood Reinsurance Company (“Rockwood Re”) and dividends from operating subsidiaries. The following tables provide comparative information for RGA (dollars in millions):
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 2022202120222021
Interest and dividend income$44 $32 $152 $64 
Interest expense42 51 83 103 
Capital contributions to subsidiaries12 
Dividends to shareholders49 47 98 95 
Purchase of treasury stock— 25 
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Cash and invested assets$464 $621 
See Item 15, Schedule II “Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant” in the 2021 Annual Report for additional financial information related to RGA.
The undistributed earnings of substantially all of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries have been reinvested indefinitely in those non-U.S. operations, as described in Note 9 “Income Tax” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2021 Annual Report. As U.S. Tax Reform generally eliminates U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries, the Company does not expect to incur material income taxes if these funds are repatriated.
RGA endeavors to maintain a capital structure that provides financial and operational flexibility to its subsidiaries, credit ratings that support its competitive position in the financial services marketplace, and shareholder returns. As part of the Company’s capital deployment strategy, it has in recent years repurchased shares of RGA common stock and paid dividends to RGA shareholders, as authorized by the board of directors.
On January 24, 2019, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, RGA repurchased 219,116 shares of common stock under this program for $25 million.
On February 25, 2022, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. The authorization was effective immediately and does not have an expiration date. In connection with this authorization, the board of directors terminated the stock repurchase authority granted in 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, RGA did not repurchase any shares of common stock under this program.
The pace of repurchase activity depends on various factors such as the level of available cash, an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with alternative uses of excess capital, such as acquisitions and in force reinsurance transactions, and RGA’s stock price.
Details underlying dividend and share repurchase program activity were as follows (dollars in millions, except share data):
Six months ended June 30,
20222021
Dividends to shareholders$98 $95 
Purchase of treasury stock (1)
25 — 
Total amount paid to shareholders$123 $95 
Number of treasury shares purchased (1)
219,116 — 
Average price per share$114.09 $— 
(1)Excludes shares utilized to execute and settle certain stock incentive awards.

57

Table of Contents

In August 2022, RGA’s board of directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.80 per share. All future payments of dividends are at the discretion of RGA’s board of directors and will depend on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, insurance regulatory conditions, operating conditions, and other such factors as the board of directors may deem relevant. The amount of dividends that RGA can pay will depend in part on the operations of its reinsurance subsidiaries. See Note 3 – “Equity” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on the Company’s share repurchase program.
Debt
Certain of the Company’s debt agreements contain financial covenant restrictions related to, among others, liens, the issuance and disposition of stock of restricted subsidiaries, minimum requirements of consolidated net worth, maximum ratios of debt to capitalization and change of control provisions. The Company is required to maintain a minimum consolidated net worth, as defined in the debt agreements, of $5.3 billion, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. Also, consolidated indebtedness, calculated as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, cannot exceed 35% of the sum of the Company’s consolidated indebtedness plus adjusted consolidated stockholders’ equity. A material ongoing covenant default could require immediate payment of the amount due, including principal, under the various agreements. Additionally, the Company’s debt agreements contain cross-acceleration covenants, which would make outstanding borrowings immediately payable in the event of a material uncured covenant default under any of the agreements, including, but not limited to, non-payment of indebtedness when due for an amount in excess of the amounts set forth in those agreements, bankruptcy proceedings, or any other event that results in the acceleration of the maturity of indebtedness.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $3.7 billion in outstanding borrowings under its debt agreements and was in compliance with all covenants under those agreements. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the average net interest rate on long-term debt outstanding was 4.42%. The ability of the Company to make debt principal and interest payments depends on the earnings and surplus of subsidiaries, investment earnings on undeployed capital proceeds, available liquidity at the holding company, and the Company’s ability to raise additional funds.
The Company enters into derivative agreements with counterparties that reference either the Company’s debt rating or its financial strength rating. If either rating is downgraded in the future, it could trigger certain terms in the Company’s derivative agreements, which could negatively affect overall liquidity. For the majority of the Company’s derivative agreements, there is a termination event should the long-term senior debt ratings drop below either BBB+ (S&P) or Baa1 (Moody’s) or the financial strength ratings drop below either A- (S&P) or A3 (Moody’s).
The Company may borrow up to $850 million in cash and obtain letters of credit in multiple currencies on its revolving credit facility that matures in August 2023. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had no cash borrowings outstanding and $7 million in issued, but undrawn, letters of credit under this facility.
On December 13, 2021, RGA Reinsurance issued 4.00% Surplus Notes due in 2051, with a face amount of $500 million. The net proceeds were approximately $494 million and will be used for general corporate purposes.
Based on the historic cash flows and the current financial results of the Company, management believes RGA’s cash flows will be sufficient to enable RGA to meet its obligations for at least the next twelve months.
Credit and Committed Facilities
At June 30, 2022, the Company maintained an $850 million syndicated revolving credit facility and certain committed letter of credit facilities aggregating to $928 million. See Note 13 “Debt” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2021 Annual Report for further information about these facilities.
The Company has obtained bank letters of credit in favor of various affiliated and unaffiliated insurance companies from which the Company assumes business. These letters of credit represent guarantees of performance under the reinsurance agreements and allow ceding companies to take statutory reserve credits. Certain of these letters of credit contain financial covenant restrictions similar to those described in the “Debt” discussion above. At June 30, 2022, there were approximately $51 million of outstanding bank letters of credit in favor of third parties. Additionally, in accordance with applicable regulations, the Company utilizes letters of credit to secure statutory reserve credits when it retrocedes business to its affiliated subsidiaries. The Company cedes business to its affiliates to help reduce the amount of regulatory capital required in certain jurisdictions, such as the U.S. and the UK. The Company believes the capital required to support the business in the affiliates reflects more realistic expectations than the original jurisdiction of the business, where capital requirements are often considered to be quite conservative. As of June 30, 2022, $1.7 billion in letters of credit from various banks were outstanding, but undrawn, backing reinsurance between the various subsidiaries of the Company.
Cash Flows
The Company’s principal cash inflows from its reinsurance operations include premiums and deposit funds received from ceding companies. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash flows are early recapture of the reinsurance contract by the ceding company and lapses of annuity products reinsured by the Company. The Company’s principal cash
58

Table of Contents

inflows from its invested assets result from investment income and the maturity and sales of invested assets. The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash inflows relates to the risk of default by debtors and interest rate volatility. The Company manages these risks very closely. See “Investments” below.
Additional sources of liquidity to meet unexpected cash outflows in excess of operating cash inflows and current cash and equivalents on hand also includes drawing funds under a revolving credit facility, under which the Company had availability of $843 million as of June 30, 2022. The Company also has $582 million of funds available through collateralized borrowings from the FHLB as of June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2022, the Company could have borrowed these additional amounts without violating any of its existing debt covenants.
The Company’s principal cash outflows relate to the payment of claims liabilities, interest credited, operating expenses, income taxes, dividends to shareholders, purchases of treasury stock and principal and interest under debt and other financing obligations. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to loss on any single insured and to recover a portion of benefits paid by ceding reinsurance to other insurance enterprises or reinsurers under excess coverage and coinsurance contracts (See Note 2 “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2021 Annual Report). The Company performs annual financial reviews of its retrocessionaires to evaluate financial stability and performance. The Company has never experienced a material default in connection with retrocession arrangements, nor has it experienced any difficulty in collecting claims recoverable from retrocessionaires; however, no assurance can be given as to the future performance of such retrocessionaires nor to the recoverability of future claims. The Company’s management believes its cash and cash equivalents along with its current sources of liquidity are adequate to meet its cash requirements for the next twelve months, despite the uncertainty associated with the pandemic.
Summary of Primary Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital
The Company’s primary sources and uses of liquidity and capital are summarized as follows:
For the six months ended June 30,
2022
2021
(Dollars in millions)
Sources:
Net cash provided by operating activities$242 $2,330 
Change in cash collateral for derivative positions and other arrangements143 184 
Net deposits from investment-type policies and contracts2,641 79
Issuance of preferred interests by subsidiary90 — 
Total sources3,116 2,593 
Uses:
Net cash used in investing activities3,211 2,173 
Dividends to stockholders98 95 
Repayment of collateral finance and securitization notes29 65 
Principal payments of long-term debt401 
Purchases of treasury stock27 
Change in deposit asset on reinsurance32 — 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest— 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash108 11 
Total uses3,508 2,747 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents$(392)$(154)
Cash Flows from Operations The principal cash inflows from the Company’s reinsurance activities come from premiums, investment and fee income, annuity considerations and deposit funds. The principal cash outflows relate to the liabilities associated with various life and health insurance, annuity and disability products, operating expenses, income tax payments and interest on outstanding debt obligations. The primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of shortfalls in premiums and investment income, particularly in periods with abnormally high claims levels.
Cash Flows from Investments The principal cash inflows from the Company’s investment activities come from repayments of principal on invested assets, proceeds from maturities of invested assets, sales of invested assets and settlements of freestanding derivatives. The principal cash outflows relate to purchases of investments, issuances of policy loans and settlements of freestanding derivatives. The Company typically has a net cash outflow from investing activities because cash inflows from insurance operations are reinvested in accordance with its asset/liability management discipline to fund insurance liabilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these risks through its credit risk management process. The primary liquidity
59

Table of Contents

concerns with respect to these cash flows are the risk of default by debtors and market disruption, which could make it difficult for the Company to sell investments.
Financing Cash Flows The principal cash inflows from the Company’s financing activities come from issuances of RGA debt and equity securities, and deposit funds associated with universal life and other investment type policies and contracts. The principal cash outflows come from repayments of debt, payments of dividends to stockholders, purchases of treasury stock, and withdrawals associated with universal life and other investment type policies and contracts. A primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash flows is the risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal.
Contractual Obligations
There were no other material changes in the Company’s contractual obligations from those reported in the 2021 Annual Report.
Asset / Liability Management
The Company actively manages its cash and invested assets using an approach that is intended to balance quality, diversification, asset/liability matching, liquidity and investment return. The goals of the investment process are to optimize after-tax, risk-adjusted investment income and after-tax, risk-adjusted total return while managing the assets and liabilities on a cash flow and duration basis.
The Company has established target asset portfolios for its operating segments, which represent the investment strategies intended to profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable risk parameters. These strategies include objectives and limits for effective duration, yield curve sensitivity and convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration and credit quality.
The Company’s asset-intensive products are primarily supported by investments in fixed maturity securities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet and under funds withheld arrangements with the ceding company. Investment guidelines are established to structure the investment portfolio based upon the type, duration and behavior of products in the liability portfolio so as to achieve targeted levels of profitability. The Company manages the asset-intensive business to provide a targeted spread between the interest rate earned on investments and the interest rate credited to the underlying interest-sensitive contract liabilities. The Company periodically reviews models projecting different interest rate scenarios and their effect on profitability. Certain of these asset-intensive agreements, primarily in the U.S. and Latin America Financial Solutions operating segment, are generally funded by fixed maturity securities that are withheld by the ceding company.
The Company’s liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments) was $2.8 billion and $3.0 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Liquidity needs are determined from valuation analyses conducted by operational units and are driven by product portfolios. Periodic evaluations of demand liabilities and short-term liquid assets are designed to adjust specific portfolios, as well as their durations and maturities, in response to anticipated liquidity needs.
See “Securities Borrowing, Lending and Repurchase/Reverse Repurchase Agreements” in Note 4 “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company’s securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements. In addition to its security agreements with third parties, certain RGA’s subsidiaries have entered into intercompany securities lending agreements to more efficiently source securities for lending to third parties and to provide for more efficient regulatory capital management.
The Company is a member of the FHLB and holds $60 million of FHLB common stock, which is included in other invested assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company has entered into funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts whereby the Company has issued the funding agreements in exchange for cash and for which the FHLB has been granted a blanket lien on the Company’s commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage loans used to collateralize the Company’s obligations under the funding agreements. The Company maintains control over these pledged assets, and may use, commingle, encumber or dispose of any portion of the collateral as long as there is no event of default and the remaining qualified collateral is sufficient to satisfy the collateral maintenance level. The funding agreements and the related security agreements represented by this blanket lien provide that upon any event of default by the Company, the FHLB’s recovery is limited to the amount of the Company’s liability under the outstanding funding agreements. The amount of the Company’s liability for the funding agreements with the FHLB under guaranteed investment contracts was $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which is included in interest-sensitive contract liabilities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The advances on these agreements are collateralized primarily by commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage loans, and U.S. Treasury and government agency securities. The amount of collateral exceeds the liability and is dependent on the type of assets collateralizing the guaranteed investment contracts.
60

Table of Contents

Investments
Management of Investments
The Company’s investment and derivative strategies involve matching the characteristics of its reinsurance products and other obligations. The Company seeks to closely approximate the interest rate sensitivity of the assets with estimated interest rate sensitivity of the reinsurance liabilities. The Company achieves its income objectives through strategic and tactical asset allocations, applying security and derivative strategies within asset/liability and disciplined risk management frameworks. Derivative strategies are employed within the Company’s risk management framework to help manage duration, currency, and other risks in assets and/or liabilities and to replicate the credit characteristics of certain assets.
The Company’s portfolio management groups work with the Enterprise Risk Management function to develop the investment policies for the assets of the Company’s domestic and international investment portfolios. All investments held by the Company, directly or in a funds withheld at interest reinsurance arrangement, are monitored for conformance with the Company’s stated investment policy limits as well as any limits prescribed by the applicable jurisdiction’s insurance laws and regulations. See Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.
Portfolio Composition
The Company had total cash and invested assets of $73.5 billion and $81.5 billion as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as illustrated below (dollars in millions):
June 30, 2022% of Total December 31, 2021% of Total
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale$53,294 72.4 %$60,749 74.6 %
Equity securities127 0.2 151 0.2 
Mortgage loans6,544 8.9 6,283 7.7 
Policy loans1,218 1.7 1,234 1.5 
Funds withheld at interest6,393 8.7 6,954 8.5 
Short-term investments272 0.4 87 0.1 
Other invested assets3,110 4.2 3,070 3.8 
Cash and cash equivalents2,556 3.5 2,948 3.6 
Total cash and invested assets$73,514 100.0 %$81,476 100.0 %
Investment Yield
The following table presents consolidated average invested assets, at amortized cost, net investment income, investment yield, variable investment income (“VII”), and investment yield excluding VII, which can vary significantly from period to period (dollars in millions). The table excludes spread related business. Spread related business is primarily associated with contracts on which the Company earns an interest rate spread between assets and liabilities. To varying degrees, fluctuations in the yield on other spread related business is generally subject to corresponding adjustments to the interest credited on the liabilities.
 Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
 20222021  Increase/  
  (Decrease)
20222021  Increase/  
  (Decrease)
Average invested assets at amortized cost$34,859 $33,587 $1,272 $34,852 $33,266 $1,586 
Net investment income$397 $383 $14 $854 $846 $
Annualized investment yield (ratio of net investment income to average invested assets at amortized cost)4.63 %4.64 %(1) bp4.96 %5.15 %(19) bps
VII (included in net investment income)$70 $78 $(8)$211 $240 $(29)
Annualized investment yield excluding VII (ratio of net investment income, excluding VII, to average invested assets, excluding assets with only VII, at amortized cost)3.96 %3.84 %12 bps3.88 %3.82 %6 bps
61

Table of Contents

Investment yield stayed relatively flat for the three months ended June 30, 2022, in comparison to the same period in the prior year. Investment yield decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2022, in comparison to the same period in the prior year, primarily due to decreased variable income from limited partnerships, which are included in other invested assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Investment yield excluding variable investment income increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, in comparison to the same periods in the prior year, primarily due to the rising interest rate environment.
Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale
See “Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables that provide the amortized cost, allowance for credit losses, unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of these securities by type as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
The Company holds various types of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale and classifies them as corporate securities (“Corporate”), Canadian and Canadian provincial government securities (“Canadian government”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), asset-backed securities (“ABS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), U.S. government and agencies (“U.S. government”), state and political subdivisions, and other foreign government, supranational and foreign government-sponsored enterprises (“Other foreign government”). RMBS, ABS, and CMBS are collectively “structured securities.” As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately 93.4% and 94.0%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated investment portfolio of fixed maturity securities were investment grade.
Important factors in the selection of investments include diversification, quality, yield, call protection and total rate of return potential. The relative importance of these factors is determined by market conditions and the underlying reinsurance liability and existing portfolio characteristics. The Company owns floating rate securities that represent approximately 7.0% and 5.3% of the total fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These investments have a higher degree of income variability than the other fixed income holdings in the portfolio due to fluctuations in interest payments. The Company holds floating rate investments to match specific floating rate liabilities primarily reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as collateral finance notes, as well as to enhance asset management strategies.
The largest asset class in which fixed maturity securities were invested was corporate securities, which represented approximately 64.5% and 62.8% of total fixed maturity securities as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. See “Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables showing the major sector types, which comprise the corporate fixed maturity holdings as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s investments in Canadian government securities represented 7.1% and 8.1%, respectively, of the fair value of total fixed maturity securities. These assets are primarily high quality, long duration provincial strip bonds, the valuation of which is closely linked to the interest rate curve. These assets are longer in duration and held primarily for asset/liability management to meet Canadian regulatory requirements.
The Company references rating agency designations in some of its investments disclosures. These designations are based on the ratings from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, primarily Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. Structured securities held by the Company’s insurance subsidiaries that maintain the NAIC statutory basis of accounting utilize the NAIC rating methodology. The NAIC assigns designations to publicly traded as well as privately placed securities. The designations assigned by the NAIC range from class 1 to class 6, with designations in classes 1 and 2 generally considered investment grade (BBB or higher rating agency designation). NAIC designations in classes 3 through 6 are generally considered below investment grade (BB or lower rating agency designation). If no rating is available from a rating agency or the NAIC, then an internally developed rating is used.
62

Table of Contents

The quality of the Company’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities portfolio, as measured at fair value and by the percentage of fixed maturity securities invested in various ratings categories, relative to the entire available-for-sale fixed maturity securities portfolio, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was as follows (dollars in millions):
  June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
NAIC
  Designation  
Rating Agency
Designation
Amortized Cost Estimated
Fair Value
% of Total     Amortized Cost Estimated
Fair Value
% of Total     
1AAA/AA/A$33,989 $31,782 59.6 %$33,540 $36,725 60.5 %
2BBB19,851 18,011 33.8 18,684 20,379 33.5 
3BB2,940 2,774 5.2 2,620 2,668 4.4 
4B658 619 1.2 876 863 1.4 
5CCC and lower124 84 0.2 96 79 0.1 
6In or near default46 24 — 57 35 0.1 
Total$57,608 $53,294 100.0 %$55,873 $60,749 100.0 %
The Company’s fixed maturity portfolio includes structured securities. The following table shows the types of structured securities the Company held as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in millions): 
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Amortized CostEstimated
Fair Value
% of TotalAmortized  CostEstimated
Fair Value
% of Total
RMBS:
Agency$519 $498 7.7 %$551 $582 8.4 %
Non-agency485 452 7.0 469 468 6.8 
Total RMBS1,004 950 14.7 1,020 1,050 15.2 
ABS:
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)1,714 1,622 25.1 1,761 1,752 25.4 
ABS, excluding CLOs2,377 2,160 33.4 2,263 2,253 32.6 
Total ABS4,091 3,782 58.5 4,024 4,005 58.0 
CMBS1,856 1,735 26.8 1,790 1,849 26.8 
Total$6,951 $6,467 100.0 %$6,834 $6,904 100.0 %
The Company’s RMBS portfolio includes agency-issued pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. Agency-issued pass-through securities are guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, or the Government National Mortgage Association. The principal risks inherent in holding RMBS are prepayment and extension risks, which will affect the timing of when cash will be received and are dependent on the level of mortgage interest rates. Prepayment risk is the unexpected increase in principal payments from the expected, primarily as a result of owner refinancing. Extension risk relates to the unexpected slowdown in principal payments from the expected. In addition, non-agency RMBS face credit risk should the borrower be unable to pay the contractual interest or principal on their obligation. The Company monitors its mortgage-backed securities to mitigate exposure to the cash flow uncertainties associated with these risks.
The Company’s ABS portfolio primarily consists of CLOs, aircraft and single-family rentals. The principal risks in holding ABS are structural, credit, capital market and interest rate risks. Structural risks include the securities’ cash flow priority in the capital structure and the inherent prepayment sensitivity of the underlying collateral. Credit risks include the adequacy and ability to realize proceeds from the collateral. Credit risks are mitigated by credit enhancements that include excess spread, over-collateralization and subordination. Capital market risks include general level of interest rates and the liquidity for these securities in the marketplace.
The Company’s CMBS portfolio primarily consists of large pool securitizations that are diverse by property type, borrower and geographic dispersion. The principal risks in holding CMBS are structural and credit risks. Structural risks include the securities’ cash flow priority in the capital structure and the inherent prepayment sensitivity of the underlying collateral. Credit risks include the adequacy and ability to realize proceeds from the collateral. The Company focuses on investment grade rated tranches that provide additional credit support beyond the equity protection in the underlying loans. These assets are viewed as an attractive alternative to other fixed income asset classes.
63

Table of Contents

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $5,129 million and $349 million, respectively, of gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity securities. The Company monitors its fixed maturity securities to determine impairments in value and evaluates factors such as financial condition of the issuer, payment performance, compliance with covenants, general market and industry sector conditions, current intent and ability to hold securities, and various other subjective factors. Based on management’s judgment an allowance for credit losses in the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost is recorded for securities determined to have expected credit losses.
Mortgage Loans
The Company’s mortgage loan portfolio consists of U.S., Canada and UK based investments primarily in commercial offices, light industrial properties and retail locations. The mortgage loan portfolio is diversified by geographic region and property type as discussed further under “Mortgage Loans” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Most of the mortgage loans in the Company’s portfolio range in size up to $30 million, with the average mortgage loan investment as of June 30, 2022, totaling approximately $9 million.
As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s recorded investment in mortgage loans, gross of unamortized deferred loan origination fees and expenses and allowance for credit losses, were distributed geographically as follows (dollars in millions):
 June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Recorded
Investment
% of Total Recorded
Investment
% of Total
U.S. Region:
West$2,330 35.3 %$2,270 36.0 %
South2,250 34.1 2,135 33.7 
Midwest1,158 17.6 1,166 18.4 
Northeast483 7.3 419 6.6 
Subtotal - U.S.6,221 94.3 5,990 94.7 
Canada217 3.3 193 3.0 
United Kingdom156 2.4 144 2.3 
Other— — — 
Total$6,594 100.0 %$6,329 100.0 %
See “Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments” in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report and “Mortgage Loans” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the Company’s policy for allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments
The Company’s determination of whether a decline in value necessitates the recording of an allowance for credit losses includes an analysis of whether the issuer is current on its contractual payments, evaluating whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security and analyzing the overall ability of the Company to recover the amortized cost of the investment. See “Allowance for Credit Losses and Impairments” in Note 2 – “Significant Accounting Policies and Pronouncements” of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report for additional information. The table below summarizes investment related gains (losses), net related to allowances for credit losses and impairments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in millions).
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2022202120222021
Change in allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity securities$13 $(5)$24 $(3)
Impairments on fixed maturity securities— — 
Other impairment losses and changes in provision— (1)— (2)
Change in mortgage loan allowance for credit losses(2)(19)
Total$16 $(8)$30 $(24)
The increase in allowance for credit losses and impairments on fixed maturity securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, was primarily related to high-yield securities.
See “Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for tables that present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses for securities that have estimated fair values below amortized cost, by class and grade, as well as the length of time the related estimated fair value has remained below amortized cost as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
64

Table of Contents

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company classified approximately 10.4% and 8.5%, respectively, of its fixed maturity securities in the Level 3 category (refer to Note 6 – “Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). These securities primarily consist of private placement corporate and asset-backed securities.
See “Securities Borrowing, Lending and Repurchase/Reverse Repurchase Agreements” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to the Company’s securities borrowing, lending and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements.
Funds Withheld at Interest
For reinsurance agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets equal to the net statutory reserves are withheld and legally owned and managed by the ceding company, and are reflected as funds withheld at interest on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the event of a ceding company’s insolvency, the Company would need to assert a claim on the assets supporting its reserve liabilities. However, the risk of loss to the Company is mitigated by its ability to offset amounts it owes the ceding company for claims or allowances against amounts owed by the ceding company. Interest accrues to the total funds withheld at interest assets at rates defined by the treaty terms. The Company is subject to the investment performance on the withheld assets, although it does not directly control them. These assets are primarily fixed maturity investment securities and pose risks similar to the fixed maturity securities the Company owns. To mitigate this risk, the Company helps set the investment guidelines followed by the ceding company and monitors compliance. Ceding companies with funds withheld at interest had an average financial strength rating of “A” as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Certain ceding companies maintain segregated portfolios for the benefit of the Company.
Other Invested Assets
Other invested assets include limited partnership interests, joint ventures (other than operating joint ventures), lifetime mortgages, derivative contracts, FHLB common stock and unit-linked investments. See “Other Invested Assets” in Note 4 – “Investments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the carrying value of the Company’s other invested assets by type as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to protect the Company against possible changes in the fair value of its investment portfolio as a result of interest rate changes, to hedge against risk of changes in the purchase price of securities, to hedge liabilities associated with the reinsurance of variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits and to manage the portfolio’s effective yield, maturity and duration. In addition, the Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to reduce the risk associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses exchange-traded, centrally cleared, and customized over-the-counter derivative financial instruments.
See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a table that presents the notional amounts and fair value of investment related derivative instruments held as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally, the credit exposure of the Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value and accrued interest of non-collateralized derivative contracts in an asset position at the reporting date. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had credit exposure of $15 million.
The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through the use of master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due date and upon termination. As exchange-traded futures are affected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties. See Note 5 – “Derivative Instruments” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Company’s derivative instruments.
The Company holds $812 million and $758 million of beneficial interest in lifetime mortgages in the UK, net of allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Investment income includes $9 million and $13 million in interest income earned on lifetime mortgages for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $19 million and $26 million in interest income earned on lifetime mortgages for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Lifetime mortgages represent loans provided to individuals 55 years of age and older secured by the borrower’s residence. Lifetime mortgages are comparable to a home equity loan by allowing the borrower to utilize the equity in their home as collateral. The amount of the loan is dependent on the appraised value of the home at the time of origination, the borrower's age and interest rate. Unlike a home equity loan, no payment of principal or interest is required until the death of the borrower or sale of the home. Lifetime mortgages may also be either fully funded at origination, or the borrower can request
65

Table of Contents

periodic funding similar to a line of credit. Lifetime mortgages are subject to risks, including market, credit, interest rate, liquidity, operational, reputational and legal risks.
New Accounting Standards
Changes to the general accounting principles are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates to the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM.
Financial Services – Insurance
In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments that will significantly change the recognition and measurement of long-duration insurance contracts and expand disclosure requirements. The guidance is effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. The Company established a team to support the implementation of the updated guidance, which requires significant changes to policies, reporting and processes. The Company’s achievements as of the balance sheet date include, but are not limited to, the following:
Established preliminary key accounting policies;
Updated chart of accounts to support enhanced financial statement presentation and disclosures;
Implemented a data management system and process for grouping treaties into cohorts;
Established valuation analytics and reporting foundation;
Established an assumption governance process for assumption review, changes and approvals; and
Conducted dry runs and end to end system testing.
The Company continues to make progress on the following items (includes, but not limited to):
Evaluating and finalizing key accounting policies;
Evaluating the impact to the consolidated financial statements at transition;
Determining and documenting key risks and appropriate internal controls; and
Conducting parallel valuation runs.
See Note 13 – “New Accounting Standards” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on new accounting pronouncements and their impact, if any, on the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
ITEM 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of fluctuations in the value of financial instruments as a result of absolute or relative changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices or commodity prices. To varying degrees, the Company products and services, and the investment activities supporting them, generate exposure to market risk. The market risk incurred, and the Company’s strategies for managing this risk, vary by product.  As of June 30, 2022, there have been no material changes in the Company’s economic exposure to market risk or the Company’s Enterprise Risk Management function from December 31, 2021, a description of which may be found in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2021, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ITEM 4.  Controls and Procedures
The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

66

Table of Contents

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.  Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business. The Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated.
ITEM 1A.  Risk Factors
There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s 2021 Annual Report.
ITEM 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table summarizes RGA’s repurchase activity of its common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2022:
Total Number of Shares
Purchased (1)
Average Price Paid per   
Share
Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced Plans
or Programs (1)
Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plan or Program
April 1, 2022 – April 30, 2022761 $114.19 — $400,000,000 
May 1, 2022 – May 31, 20222,011 $121.15 — $400,000,000 
June 1, 2022 – June 30, 20222,168 $125.04 — $400,000,000 
(1)RGA had no repurchases of common stock under its share repurchase program in April, May, and June 2022. The Company net settled – issuing 2,371, 6,801 and 6,282 shares from treasury and repurchased from recipients 761, 2,011 and 2,168 shares in April, May, and June 2022, respectively, in settlement of income tax withholding requirements incurred by the recipients of equity incentive awards.
On January 24, 2019, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, RGA repurchased 219,116 shares of common stock under this program for $25 million.
On February 25, 2022, RGA’s board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $400 million of RGA’s outstanding common stock. The authorization was effective immediately and does not have an expiration date. In connection with this authorization, the board of directors terminated the stock repurchase authority granted in 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, RGA did not repurchase any shares of common stock under this program.
The pace of repurchase activity depends on various factors such as the level of available cash, an evaluation of the costs and benefits associated with alternative uses of excess capital, such as acquisitions and in force reinsurance transactions, and RGA’s stock price.
ITEM 6.  Exhibits
See index to exhibits.
67

Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
Number
Description
101.INSXBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101).

68

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
 
 
Date: August 5, 2022 By: /s/ Anna Manning
 Anna Manning
 President & Chief Executive Officer
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Date: August 5, 2022 By:/s/ Todd C. Larson
 Todd C. Larson
 Senior Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

69