Rennova Health, Inc. - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______to______.

Commission File Number: 001-35141

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (561) 855-1626

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.0001 Par Value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2021 was $7,000,000.

As of April 8, 2022, the registrant had 36,252,190 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Documents Incorporated by Reference:

None

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2021

PART I

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are “forward-looking statements” (within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) regarding the plans and objectives of management for future operations. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Registrant to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. The Registrant’s plans and objectives are based, in part, on assumptions involving the continued expansion of business. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond the control of the Registrant. Although the Registrant believes its assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove to be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance the forward-looking statements included in this Report will prove to be accurate. Considering the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by the Registrant or any other person that the objectives and plans of the Registrant will be achieved.

The forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K and referred to elsewhere are related to future events, our strategies or future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “future,” “potential,” “estimate,” “encourage,” “opportunity,” “growth,” “leader,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “expand,” “focus,” “through,” “strategy,” “provide,” “offer,” “allow,” “commitment,” “implement,” “result,” “increase,” “establish,” “perform,” “make,” “continue,” “can,” “ongoing,” “include” or the negative of such terms or comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are based on information available to us as of the filing date of this report, and the Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Our actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements include those described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

Rennova Health, Inc. (“Rennova,” the “Company,” “we”, “us”, “its” or “our”) is a provider of health care services. The Company owns one operating hospital in Oneida, Tennessee known as Big South Fork Medical Center, a hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee that it plans to reopen and operate, a physician’s practice in Jamestown, Tennessee that it plans to reopen and operate and a rural clinic in Kentucky. The Company’s operations consist of one business segment.

Rennova Health, Inc. is the result of a merger between two public companies, Medytox Solutions, Inc. and CollabRx, Inc. Medytox Solutions, Inc. (“Medytox”) was organized on July 20, 2005 under the laws of the State of Nevada. On November 2, 2015, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 15, 2015, by and among CollabRx, Inc. (“CollabRx”), CollabRx Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CollabRx formed for the purpose of the merger, and Medytox, Merger Sub merged with and into Medytox, with Medytox as the surviving company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CollabRx (the “Merger”). Prior to closing, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to change its name to Rennova Health, Inc. This transaction was accounted for as a reverse merger in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and, as such, the historical financial statements of Medytox became the historical financial statements of the Company.

Our Services

We are a provider of health care services. We own one operating hospital in Oneida, Tennessee, a hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee that we plan to reopen and operate, a physician’s practice in Jamestown, Tennessee that we plan to reopen and operate and a rural clinic in Kentucky. We operate in one business segment.

Scott County Community Hospital (d/b/a Big South Fork Medical Center)

On January 13, 2017, we closed on an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to Scott County Community Hospital, based in Oneida, Tennessee (the “Oneida Assets”). The Oneida Assets include a 52,000-square foot hospital building and a 6,300 square foot professional building on approximately 4.3 acres. Scott County Community Hospital is certified as a Critical Access Hospital (rural) with 25 beds, a 24/7 emergency department, operating rooms and a laboratory that provides a range of diagnostic services. Scott County Community Hospital closed in July 2016 in connection with the bankruptcy filing of its parent company, Pioneer Health Services, Inc. We acquired the Oneida Assets out of bankruptcy for a purchase price of $1.0 million. The hospital, which has since been renamed Big South Fork Medical Center, became operational on August 8, 2017.

Jamestown Regional Medical Center and Mountain View Physician Practice

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire from Community Health Systems, Inc. certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee, referred to as Jamestown Regional Medical Center. The purchase was completed on June 1, 2018 for a purchase price of $0.7 million. The hospital is an 85-bed facility of approximately 90,000 square feet on over eight acres of land, which offers a 24-hour emergency department with two trauma bays and seven private exam rooms, inpatient and outpatient medical services and a progressive care unit which provides telemetry services. The acquisition also included a separate physician practice known as Mountain View Physician Practice, Inc.

The Company suspended operations at the hospital and physician clinic in June 2019 as a result of the termination of the hospital’s Medicare agreement and other factors. The Company plans to reopen the hospital and physician clinic upon securing adequate capital to do so. The reopening plans have also been disrupted by the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within the next 18 months subject to securing adequate capital. Jamestown is located 38 miles west of Big South Fork Medical Center.

Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Rural Clinic

On March 5, 2019, we closed an asset purchase agreement whereby we acquired certain assets related to a 54-bed acute care hospital that offered comprehensive services located in Jellico, Tennessee known as Jellico Community Hospital and an outpatient clinic located in Williamsburg, Kentucky known as CarePlus Clinic. The hospital and the clinic and their associated assets were acquired from Jellico Community Hospital, Inc. and CarePlus Rural Health Clinic, LLC, respectively.

The CarePlus Clinic offers sophisticated testing capabilities and compassionate care, all in a modern, patient-friendly environment. Services include diagnostic imaging services, x-ray, mammography, bone densitometry, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, physical therapy and laboratory services.

On March 1, 2021, the Company closed Jellico Community Hospital, after the City of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building. Our hospital in Jellico was located 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center. The CarePlus Clinic is located 32 miles northeast of Big South Fork Medical Center.

Business Strategy

We believe that the acquisition or development of rural hospitals and related assets is a viable business strategy and will create a stable revenue base from the provision of needed services in rural areas of the United States. Rural hospitals and related service platforms deliver a needed health care service and employment to communities that would otherwise have to travel long distances to alternate locations. The Company remains confident that its strategy to own and operate a number of such assets in geographic clusters is a viable business strategy.

Discontinued Operations

Sale of Health Technology Solutions, Inc. and Advanced Molecular Services Group, Inc.

In 2017, we announced plans to spin off or sell our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Health Technology Solutions, Inc. (“HTS”) and Advanced Molecular Services Group, Inc. (“AMSG”). On June 25, 2021, the Company sold the shares of stock of HTS and AMSG to InnovaQor, Inc. (“InnovaQor”). HTS and AMSG held Rennova’s software and genetic testing interpretation divisions. In consideration for the shares of HTS and AMSG and the elimination of intercompany debt among the Company and HTS and AMSG, InnovaQor issued the Company 14,950 shares of its Series Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock”), 14,000 of the shares were issued on June 25, 2021 and 950 of the shares were issued in the third quarter of 2021 as a result of a post-closing adjustment. Each share of InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 and is convertible into that number of shares of InnovaQor common stock equal to the stated value divided by 90% of the average closing price of the InnovaQor common stock during the 10 trading days immediately prior to the conversion date. Conversion of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock, however, is subject to the limitation that no conversion can be made to the extent the holder’s beneficial interest (as defined pursuant to the terms of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock) in the common stock of InnovaQor would exceed 4.99%. The shares of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed by InnovaQor upon payment of the stated value of the shares plus any accrued declared and unpaid dividends.

As a result of the sale, the Company recorded the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock as a long-term asset valued at $9.1 million and a gain on the sale of HTS and AMSG of $11.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, of which $9.1 million resulted from the value of the 14,950 shares of InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock and $2.2 million resulted from the transfer to InnovaQor of the net liabilities of HTS and AMSG. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 100 shares of InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock valued at $60,714 were used to settle accrued interest that was due under the terms of notes payable that were issued on January 31, 2021 and February 16, 2021, leaving a balance of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock of $9.0 million at December 31, 2021.

We have reflected the financial results of HTS and AMSG prior to the sale, as well as the gain on sale, as discontinued operations in our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.

During the third quarter of 2020, we announced that we had decided to sell EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., (“EPIC”) and as a result, EPIC’s operations have been included in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company has been unable to find a buyer for EPIC and, therefore, it has ceased all efforts to sell EPIC and closed down its operations.

Recent and Other Developments

Reverse Stock Splits and Increases in Authorized Shares of Common Stock

On July 31, 2020, July 16, 2021 and March 15, 2022, the Company effected a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split, a 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split and a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split, respectively (the “Reverse Stock Splits”).

As a result of the Reverse Stock Splits, every 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on July 31, 2020, every 1,000 shares of the Company’s then outstanding common stock was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on July 16, 2021 and every 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on March 15, 2022. The conversion and exercise prices of all of the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock, common stock purchase warrants and convertible debentures were proportionately adjusted at the applicable reverse split ratio in accordance with the terms of such instruments.

The par value and other terms of the common stock were not affected by the Reverse Stock Splits. The authorized capital of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock were also unaffected by the Reverse Stock Splits. All share, per share and capital stock amounts and common stock equivalents presented herein have been restated where appropriate to give effect to the Reverse Stock Splits.

Effective November 5, 2021, the Company increased the authorized shares of its common stock from 10 billion to 50 billion. In addition, effective November 5, 2021, the Company filed an Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of Delaware to provide that the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock or preferred stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any successor provision thereto), voting together as a single class, without a separate vote of the holders of the class or classes the number of authorized shares of which are being increased or decreased unless a vote by any holders of one or more series of preferred stock is required by the express terms of any series of preferred stock pursuant to the terms thereof. Effective on March 15, 2022, the Company increased the authorized shares of its common stock from 50 billion to 250 billion.

Outlook

We believe that the transition of our business model from health information technology and diagnostics to ownership and operation of rural hospitals and related healthcare service providers is now complete and once stabilized will create a more predictable and stable revenue base. Rural hospitals provide a much-needed service to their local communities. Furthermore, owning a number of facilities in the same geographic location will create numerous efficiencies in management, purchasing and staffing and will enable the provision of additional, specialized and more valuable services that are needed by rural communities but cannot be sustained by a standalone rural hospital. We remain confident that this is a sustainable model we can continue to grow through acquisition and development. The progress of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is more fully discussed below, has severely affected our operations and may cause such expectations not to be achieved or, even if achieved, not to be done in the expected timeframe.

Impact of the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our operations and we have taken steps intended to minimize the risk to our employees and patients. These steps have increased our costs and our revenues have been significantly adversely affected. As noted in Notes 1 and 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we have received Paycheck Protection Program loans (“PPP Notes”) as well as Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Provider Relief Funds and employee retention credits from the federal government. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required. Going forward, we are unable to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect our business. The nature and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our balance sheet and results of operations will depend on the severity and length of the pandemic in our service areas; government activities to mitigate the pandemic’s effect; regulatory changes in response to the pandemic, especially those affecting rural hospitals; and existing and potential government assistance that may be provided.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken by governments to seek to reduce its spread have severely impacted the economy and the health care industry in particular. Hospitals have especially been affected. Small rural hospitals, such as ours, may be overwhelmed by patients if conditions worsen in their local areas. Staffing costs, and concerns due to the potential exposure of staff to infections, may increase, as may the costs of needed medical supplies necessary to keep the hospitals open. Doctors and patients may defer elective procedures and other health care services. Travel bans, social distancing and quarantines may limit access to our facilities. Business closings and layoffs in our local areas may affect demand for our services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for services as rendered.

Our plans to reopen our Jamestown Regional Medical Center, whose operations were suspended in June 2019, have been disrupted by the pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within the next 18 months subject to securing adequate capital.

Competition

The healthcare industry is highly competitive among hospitals and other healthcare providers for patients, affiliations with physicians and acquisitions. The most significant competition our hospitals, and any other hospitals we may acquire, face comes from hospitals that provide more complex services, and other healthcare providers, including urgent care clinics, outpatient surgery, orthopedic, oncology and diagnostic centers that also compete for patients. Our hospitals, our competitors, and other healthcare industry participants are increasingly implementing physician alignment strategies, such as acquiring physician practice groups, employing physicians and participating in accountable care organizations (“ACOs”) or other clinical integration models, which may impact our competitive position. In addition, increasing consolidation within the payor industry, vertical integration efforts involving payors and healthcare providers, and cost-reduction strategies by large employer groups may impact our ability to contract with payors on favorable terms and otherwise affect our competitive position.

Governmental Regulation

Overview

The healthcare industry is governed by an extremely complex framework of federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations, and there continues to be federal and state proposals that would, and actions that do, impose limitations on government and private payments to providers. In addition, there regularly are proposals to increase co-payments and deductibles from program and private patients. Facilities also are affected by controls imposed by government and private payors designed to reduce admissions and lengths of stay. Such controls include what is commonly referred to as “utilization review”. Utilization review entails the review of a patient’s admission and course of treatment by a third party. Historically, utilization review has resulted in a decrease in certain treatments and procedures being performed. Utilization review is required in connection with the provision of care which is to be funded by Medicare and Medicaid and is also required under many managed care arrangements.

Many states have enacted, or are considering enacting, additional measures that are designed to reduce their Medicaid expenditures and to make changes to private healthcare insurance. Various states have applied, or are considering applying, for a waiver from current Medicaid regulations in order to allow them to serve some of their Medicaid participants through managed care providers. These proposals also may attempt to include coverage for some people who presently are uninsured, and generally could have the effect of reducing payments to hospitals, physicians and other providers for the same level of service provided under Medicaid.

Healthcare Facility Regulation

Certificate of Need Requirements

A number of states require approval for the purchase, construction or expansion of various healthcare facilities, including findings of need for additional or expanded healthcare services. Certificates of Need (“CONs”), which are issued by governmental agencies with jurisdiction over applicable healthcare facilities, are at times required for capital expenditures exceeding a prescribed amount, changes in bed capacity or the addition of services and certain other matters. Tennessee, the state in which we currently own our hospitals, has a CON law that applies to such facilities. States periodically review, modify and revise their CON laws and related regulations. Any violation of state CON laws can result in the imposition of civil sanctions or the revocation of licenses for such facilities. We are unable to predict whether our hospitals will be able to obtain any CONs that may be necessary to accomplish their business objectives in any jurisdiction where such certificates of need are required. In addition, future healthcare facility acquisitions also may occur in states that require CONs.

Future healthcare facility acquisitions also may occur in states that do not require CONs or which have less stringent CON requirements than the state in which Rennova currently owns hospitals. Any healthcare facility operated by the Company in such states may face increased competition from new or expanding facilities operated by competitors, including physicians.

Utilization Review Compliance and Hospital Governance

Healthcare facilities are subject to, and are required to comply with, various forms of utilization review. In addition, under the Medicare prospective payment system, each state must have a peer review organization to carry out a federally mandated system of review of Medicare patient admissions, treatments and discharges in hospitals. Medical and surgical services and physician practices are supervised by committees of staff doctors at each healthcare facility, are overseen by each healthcare facility’s local governing board, the primary voting members of which are physicians and community members, and are reviewed by quality assurance personnel. The local governing boards also help maintain standards for quality care, develop long-range plans, establish, review and enforce practices and procedures and approve the credentials and disciplining of medical staff members.

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (“EMTALA”) is a federal law that requires any hospital that participates in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency department for treatment and, if the patient is suffering from an emergency medical condition or is in active labor, to either stabilize that condition or make an appropriate transfer of the patient to a facility that can handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of a patient’s ability to pay for treatment. There are severe penalties under EMTALA if a hospital fails to screen or appropriately stabilize or transfer a patient or if the hospital delays appropriate treatment in order to first inquire about the patient’s ability to pay. Penalties for violations of EMTALA include civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in the Medicare program, the Medicaid program or both. In addition, an injured patient, the patient’s family or a medical facility that suffers a financial loss as a direct result of another hospital’s violation of the law can bring a civil suit against that other hospital. Although we believe that we comply with EMTALA, we cannot predict whether the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) will implement new requirements in the future and whether we will be able to comply with any new requirements.

Drugs and Controlled Substances

Various licenses and permits are required by our hospitals to dispense narcotics. They are required to register our dispensing operations for permits and/or licenses with, and comply with certain operating and security standards of, the United States Drug Enforcement Agency (“DEA”), the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), state health departments and other state agencies.

Fraud and Abuse, Anti-Kickback and Self-Referral Regulations

Participation in the Medicare and/or Medicaid programs is heavily regulated by federal statutes and regulations. If we fail to comply substantially with the numerous federal laws governing our businesses, our participation in the Medicare and/or Medicaid programs may be terminated and/or civil or criminal penalties may be imposed. For example, a hospital may lose its ability to participate in the Medicare and/or Medicaid programs if it:

Hospitals continue to be one of the primary focus areas of the federal Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”) and other governmental fraud and abuse programs and the OIG has issued and periodically updated compliance program guidance for hospitals. Each federal fiscal year, the OIG also publishes a General Work Plan that provides a brief description of the activities that the OIG plans to initiate or continue with respect to the programs and operations of HHS and details the areas that the OIG believes are prone to fraud and abuse.

Sections of the Anti-Fraud and Abuse Amendments to the Social Security Act, commonly known as the “anti-kickback” statute, prohibit certain business practices and relationships that might influence the provision and cost of healthcare services reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid, TriCare or other healthcare programs, including the payment or receipt of remuneration for the referral of patients whose care will be funded by Medicare or other government programs. Sanctions for violating the anti-kickback statute include criminal penalties and civil sanctions, including fines and possible exclusion from future participation in government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid. HHS has issued regulations that create safe harbors under the anti-kickback statute. A given business arrangement that does not fall within an enumerated safe harbor is not per se illegal; however, business arrangements that fail to satisfy the applicable safe harbor criteria are subject to increased scrutiny by enforcement authorities.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) broadened the scope of the fraud and abuse laws by adding several criminal statutes that are not related to receipt of payments from a federal healthcare program. HIPAA created civil penalties for proscribed conduct, including upcoding and billing for medically unnecessary goods or services. These laws cover all health insurance programs, private as well as governmental. In addition, HIPAA broadened the scope of certain fraud and abuse laws, such as the anti-kickback statute, to include not just Medicare and Medicaid services, but all healthcare services reimbursed under a federal or state healthcare program. Finally, HIPAA established enforcement mechanisms to combat fraud and abuse. These mechanisms include a bounty system where a portion of the payment recovered is returned to the government agencies, as well as a whistleblower program, where a portion of the payment received is paid to the whistleblower. HIPAA also expanded the categories of persons that may be excluded from participation in federal and state healthcare programs.

There is increasing scrutiny by law enforcement authorities, the OIG, the courts and the U.S. Congress of arrangements between healthcare providers and potential referral sources to ensure that the arrangements are not designed as mechanisms to exchange remuneration for patient-care referrals and opportunities. Investigators also have demonstrated a willingness to look behind the formalities of a business transaction and to reinterpret the underlying purpose of payments between healthcare providers and potential referral sources. Enforcement actions have increased, as is evidenced by highly publicized enforcement investigations of certain hospital activities.

In addition, provisions of the Social Security Act, known as the Stark Act, also prohibit physicians from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients to providers of a broad range of designated health services with which the physicians or their immediate family members have ownership or certain other financial arrangements. Certain exceptions are available for employment agreements, leases, physician recruitment and certain other physician arrangements. A person making a referral, or seeking payment for services referred, in violation of the Stark Act is subject to civil monetary penalties; restitution of any amounts received for illegally billed claims; and/or exclusion from future participation in the Medicare program, which can subject the person or entity to exclusion from future participation in state healthcare programs.

Further, if any physician or entity enters into an arrangement or scheme that the physician or entity knows or should have known has the principal purpose of assuring referrals by the physician to a particular entity, and the physician directly makes referrals to such entity, then such physician or entity could be subject to a civil monetary penalty. Compliance with and the enforcement of penalties for violations of these laws and regulations is changing and increasing. For example, CMS has issued a “self-referral disclosure protocol” for hospitals and other providers that wish to self-disclose potential violations of the Stark Act and attempt to resolve those potential violations and any related overpayment liabilities at levels below the maximum penalties and amounts set forth in the statute. In light of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act that created potential liabilities under the federal False Claims Act (discussed below) for failing to report and repay known overpayments and return an overpayment within 60 days of the identification of the overpayment or the date by which a corresponding cost report is due, whichever is later, hospitals and other healthcare providers are encouraged to disclose potential violations of the Stark Act to CMS. It is likely that self-disclosure of Stark Act violations will increase in the future. Finally, many states have adopted or are considering similar legislative proposals, some of which extend beyond the Medicaid program, to prohibit the payment or receipt of remuneration for the referral of patients and physician self-referrals regardless of the source of the payment for the care.

The Federal False Claims Act and Similar State Laws

The federal False Claims Act prohibits providers from, among other things, knowingly submitting false or fraudulent claims for payment to the federal government. The False Claims Act defines the term “knowingly” broadly, and while simple negligence generally will not give rise to liability, submitting a claim with reckless disregard to its truth or falsity can constitute the “knowing” submission of a false or fraudulent claim for the purposes of the False Claims Act. The “qui tam” or “whistleblower” provisions of the False Claims Act allow private individuals to bring actions under the False Claims Act on behalf of the government. These private parties are entitled to share in any amounts recovered by the government, and, as a result, the number of “whistleblower” lawsuits that have been filed against providers has increased significantly in recent years. When a private party brings a qui tam action under the False Claims Act, the defendant will generally not be aware of the lawsuit until the government makes a determination whether it will intervene and take a lead in the litigation. If a provider is found to be liable under the False Claims Act, the provider may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government plus mandatory civil monetary penalties for each separate false claim. The government has used the False Claims Act to prosecute Medicare and other government healthcare program fraud such as coding errors, billing for services not provided, submitting false cost reports, and providing care that is not medically necessary or that is substandard in quality.

HIPAA Transaction, Privacy and Security Requirements

HIPAA and federal regulations issued pursuant to HIPAA contain, among other measures, provisions that have required the Company to implement modified or new computer systems, employee training programs and business procedures. The federal regulations are intended to encourage electronic commerce in the healthcare industry, provide for the confidentiality and privacy of patient healthcare information and ensure the security of healthcare information.

A violation of the HIPAA regulations could result in civil money penalties per standard violated. HIPAA also provides for criminal penalties and one year in prison for knowingly and improperly obtaining or disclosing protected health information, up to five years in prison for obtaining protected health information under false pretenses and up to ten years in prison for obtaining or disclosing protected health information with the intent to sell, transfer or use such information for commercial advantage, personal gain or malicious harm. Since there is limited history of enforcement efforts by the federal government at this time, it is difficult to ascertain the likelihood of enforcement efforts in connection with the HIPAA regulations or the potential for fines and penalties, which may result from any violation of the regulations.

HIPAA Privacy Regulations

HIPAA privacy regulations protect the privacy of individually identifiable health information. The regulations provide increased patient control over medical records, mandate substantial financial penalties for violation of a patient’s right to privacy and, with a few exceptions, require that an individual’s individually identifiable health information only be used for healthcare-related purposes. These privacy standards apply to all health plans, all healthcare clearinghouses and all healthcare providers, such as our hospitals, that transmit health information in an electronic form in connection with standard transactions and apply to individually identifiable information held or disclosed by a covered entity in any form. These standards impose extensive administrative requirements on our hospitals and require compliance with rules governing the use and disclosure of such health information, and they require our facilities to impose these rules, by contract, on any business associate to whom we disclose such information in order to perform functions on our behalf. In addition, our hospitals are subject to any state laws that are more restrictive than the privacy regulations issued under HIPAA. These laws vary by state and could impose stricter standards and additional penalties.

The HIPAA privacy regulations also require healthcare providers to implement and enforce privacy policies to ensure compliance with the regulations and standards. We believe all of our facilities are in compliance with current HIPAA privacy regulations.

HIPAA Electronic Data Standards

The Administrative Simplification Provisions of HIPAA require the use of uniform electronic data transmission standards for all healthcare related electronic data interchange. These provisions are intended to streamline and encourage electronic commerce in the healthcare industry. Among other things, these provisions require us to use standard data formats and code sets established by HHS when electronically transmitting information in connection with certain transactions, including health claims and equivalent encounter information, healthcare payment and remittance advice and health claim status.

The HHS regulations establish electronic data transmission standards that all healthcare providers and payors must use when submitting and receiving certain electronic healthcare transactions. The uniform data transmission standards are designed to enable healthcare providers to exchange billing and payment information directly with the many payors thereby eliminating data clearinghouses and simplifying the interface programs necessary to perform this function. We believe that our management information systems comply with HIPAA’s electronic data regulations and standards.

HIPAA Security Standards

The Administrative Simplification Provisions of HIPAA require the use of a series of security standards for the protection of electronic health information. The HIPAA security standards rule specifies a series of administrative, technical and physical security procedures for covered entities to use to assure the confidentiality of electronic protected health information. The standards are delineated into either required or addressable implementation specifications. We believe we are in compliance with all the aspects of the HIPAA security regulations.

HIPAA National Provider Identifier

HIPAA also required HHS to issue regulations establishing standard unique health identifiers for individuals, employers, health plans and healthcare providers to be used in connection with standard electronic transactions. All healthcare providers, including our hospitals, were required to obtain a new National Provider Identifier (“NPI”) to be used in standard transactions instead of other numerical identifiers by May 23, 2007. Our hospitals implemented use of a standard unique healthcare identifier by utilizing their employer identification number. HHS has not yet issued proposed rules that establish the standard for unique health identifiers for health plans or individuals. Once these regulations are issued in final form, we expect to have approximately one to two years to become fully compliant, but cannot predict the impact of such changes at this time. We cannot predict whether our facilities may experience payment delays during the transition to the new identifiers. HHS is currently working on the standards for identifiers for health plans; however, there are currently no proposed timelines for issuance of proposed or final rules. The issuance of proposed rules for individuals is on hold indefinitely.

Medical Waste Regulations

Our operations, especially our hospitals, generate medical waste that must be disposed of in compliance with federal, state and local environmental laws, rules and regulations. Our operations are also generally subject to various other environmental laws, rules and regulations. Based on our current level of operations, we do not anticipate that such compliance costs will have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, financial position or results of operations.

Compliance Program

The Company continuously evaluates and monitors its compliance with all Medicare, Medicaid and other rules and regulations. The objective of the Company’s compliance program is to develop, implement and update compliance safeguards as necessary. Emphasis is placed on developing and implementing compliance policies and guidelines, personnel training programs and various monitoring and audit procedures to attempt to achieve implementation of all applicable rules and regulations.

The Company seeks to conduct its business in compliance with all statutes, regulations, and other requirements applicable to its operations. The health care industry is, however, subject to extensive regulation, and many of these statutes and regulations have not been interpreted by the courts. There can be no assurance that applicable statutes and regulations will not be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect the Company. Potential sanctions for violation of these statutes and regulations include significant civil and criminal penalties, fines, exclusions from participation in government health care programs and the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations, necessary to operate as well as potential liabilities from third-party claims, all of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.

Professional Liability

As part of our business, our facilities are subject to claims of liability for events occurring in the ordinary course of operations. To cover a portion of these claims, professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance policies are maintained in amounts which are commercially available and believed to be sufficient for operations as currently conducted, although some claims may exceed the scope or amount of the coverage in effect.

Environmental Regulation

We believe we are in substantial compliance with applicable federal, state and local environmental regulations. To date, compliance with federal, state and local laws regulating the discharge of material into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment have not had a material effect upon our results of operations, financial condition or competitive position. Similarly, we have not had to make material capital expenditures to comply with such regulations.

Payment for Services

The Company’s hospital operations depend significantly on continued participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs and in other government healthcare programs. In recent years, both governmental and private sector payers have made efforts to contain or reduce health care costs, including reducing reimbursement for services.

Under the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021, effective as of January 1, 2022, Congress adopted provisions to help protect patients against surprise bills and provide more price transparency. Patients have new billing protections when receiving emergency care and non-emergency care from out-of-network providers at in-network facilities. Excessive out-of-pocket costs are restricted and emergency services must continue to be covered without any prior authorization and regardless of whether or not a provider or facility is in-network.

Further healthcare reform could occur in 2022, including changes to the Affordable Care Act and Medicare reform, as well as administrative requirements that may affect coverage, reimbursement and utilization of our hospitals in ways that are currently unpredictable.

Employees

On April 8, 2022, we had 85 employees of which 57 are full time. None of the Company’s employees are represented by a union.

Available Information

We are required to file Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on a regular basis and are required to disclose certain material events in a Current Report on Form 8-K. All reports of the Company filed with the SEC are available free of charge through the SEC’s Web site at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, the public may read and copy materials filed by the Company at the SEC’s Public Reference Room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may also obtain additional information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

An investment in our securities is highly speculative and subject to numerous and substantial risks. These risks include those set forth herein. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below and the other information in this Annual Report before you decide to invest in our securities. If any of the following events actually occur, our business could be materially harmed. In such case, the value of your investment may decline and you may lose all or part of your investment. You should not invest in our securities unless you can afford the loss of your entire investment.

The Company’s operations have historically operated at a loss and with a cash deficiency. The Company has limited access to capital and is dependent on its ability to secure the funding required to cover current losses and execute on its business plan until cash flow break even. Unless we raise sufficient funds, we will not be able to execute our business model.

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we have relied on issuances of equity, notes payable, loans from a former member of our Board of Directors, sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements and various federal government loan and grant programs to fund our operations. We generated negative cash flow from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Cash deficiencies mean that payroll has been late at certain times during the year, making retention of employees difficult. Unless this situation is corrected we may lose employees to the point where it becomes difficult to operate, or we may fail to attract employees to positions necessary to implement our business model.

Losses incurred to date have created a need for additional capital, often at short notice required for the Company to remain in business. If this trend were to continue and we are unable to raise sufficient capital to fund our operations through other sources, our business will be adversely affected, and we may not be able to continue as a going concern (see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, “Liquidity and Capital Resources”). There can be no assurances that we will be able to raise sufficient funds on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, to fund our operations under our current business model.

The holders of our Series M Convertible Preferred Stock have, in the aggregate, votes equal to 51% of the Company’s voting securities and the holders of the Series M Convertible Preferred Stock have granted an irrevocable proxy to our Chief Executive Officer.

During 2020, the Company issued its Series M Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series M Preferred Stock”). Regardless of the number of shares of Series M Preferred Stock outstanding and so long as at least one share of Series M Preferred Stock is outstanding, the outstanding shares of Series M Preferred Stock shall have the number of votes, in the aggregate, equal to 51% of all votes entitled to be voted at any meeting of stockholders or action by written consent. This means that the holders of Series M Preferred Stock have sufficient votes, by themselves, to approve or defeat any proposal voted on by the Company’s stockholders, unless there is a supermajority required under applicable law or by agreement. Holders of our common stock, therefore, will not have any control on issues submitted to a vote of stockholders.

Mr. Diamantis owns all of the outstanding Series M Preferred Stock. On August 13, 2020, he granted an irrevocable proxy to vote the Series M Preferred Stock to Seamus Lagan, the Chief Executive Officer, President and Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company. As a result, Mr. Lagan controls a majority of the voting securities of the Company.

The current and potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Demand for services at our hospitals due to the COVID-19 pandemic has substantially decreased, resulting in materially lower net revenues. If the pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur additional significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required.

The coronavirus pandemic and the steps taken by governments to seek to reduce its spread have severely impacted the economy and the health care industry in particular. Hospitals have especially been affected. Small rural hospitals, such as ours, may be overwhelmed by patients if conditions worsen in their local areas. Staffing costs, and concerns due to the potential exposure to infections, may increase, as may the costs of needed medical supplies necessary to keep the hospitals open. Doctors and patients may defer elective procedures and other health care services. Travel bans, social distancing and quarantines may limit access to our facilities. Business closings and layoffs in our local areas may result in the loss of insurance and adversely affect demand for our services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for services as rendered.

Although our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, we have accumulated significant losses and have negative cash flows from operations that could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or raise additional capital to fund our operations or limit our ability to react to changes in the economy or our industry which raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

If we are unable to improve our liquidity position we may not be able to continue as a going concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result if we are unable to continue as a going concern and, therefore, be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business, which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment.

We have accumulated significant losses and have negative cash flows from operations, and at December 31, 2021, we had a working capital deficit and stockholders’ deficit of $41.6 million and $27.3 million, respectively. In addition, we incurred a loss from continuing operations before other income, net and income taxes of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and we used cash of $8.9 million to fund our operations during 2021. Our cash position ($724,524 at December 31, 2021) is critically deficient, and payments for our operations are not being made in the ordinary course of business. The continued losses and other related factors, including past due accounts payable and payroll taxes as well as payment defaults of certain outstanding debentures and notes payable, as more fully discussed in Notes 2, 8 and 14 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the next 12 months.

The Company’s core business plan is to own and operate rural hospitals, which is a specialized marketplace with a requirement for capable and knowledgeable management. The Company’s current financial condition may make it difficult to attract and maintain adequate expertise in its management team to successfully operate the Company’s hospitals. To date, the Company has not realized profitable hospital operations.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our business plan, which is to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals and related assets, raise any additional capital or secure the additional financing necessary to implement our current operating plan. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise adequate capital to fund our operations and repay our outstanding debentures and other past due obligations, fully align our operating costs, increase our net revenues and eventually gain profitable operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

Our acquisitions to date do not provide assurance that the acquired operations will be accretive to our earnings or otherwise improve our results of operations.

Acquisitions, such as those completed and planned involve the integration of previously separate businesses into a common enterprise in which it is envisioned that synergistic operations will result in improved financial performance. However, realization of these envisioned results is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to:

There is no assurance that the acquisitions of the Big South Fork Medical Center, Jamestown Regional Medical Center or CarePlus Clinic will be accretive to our earnings or otherwise improve our results of operations. The Company suspended operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center in June 2019, as a result of the termination of its Medicare agreement. The reopening plans have also been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within the next 18 months subject to securing adequate capital.

On March 1, 2021, the Company closed Jellico Community Hospital after the City of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected if the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) is repealed, replaced or otherwise changed.

The ACA has increased the number of people with health care insurance. It also has reduced Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements. Numerous proposals continue to be discussed to repeal, amend or replace the law. We cannot predict whether any such repeal, amend or replace proposals, or any parts of them, will become law and, if they do, what their substance or timing will be. There is uncertainty whether, when and how the ACA may be changed, what alternative provisions, if any, will be enacted, the timing of enactment and implementation of any alternative provisions and the impact of any alternative provisions on providers as well as other healthcare industry participants. Efforts to repeal or change the ACA or implement other initiatives intended to reform healthcare delivery and financial systems may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We may have a limited ability to use some or all of our net operating loss carryforwards in the future.

Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, substantial changes in our ownership may limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that could be utilized annually in the future to offset our taxable income. Specifically, this limitation may arise in the event of a cumulative change in ownership of the Company of more than 50% within a three-year period. Any such annual limitation may significantly reduce the utilization of our net operating loss carryforwards before they expire. The Company has federal net operating loss carryforwards totaling approximately $72.2 million generated since 2016. It also has various state net operating loss carryforwards that begin to expire in 2031. Transactions that may occur in the future may trigger an ownership change pursuant to Section 382, and prior transactions may be deemed to have triggered an ownership change pursuant to Section 382, the result of which could limit the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that we can utilize annually to offset our taxable income, if any. The Company is reviewing whether any prior transaction may have triggered a limitation under Section 382. Any such limitation, whether as a result of a prior transaction or a transaction in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations.

General economic conditions.

Much healthcare spending is discretionary and can be significantly impacted by economic downturns. When patients are experiencing personal financial difficulties or have concerns about general economic conditions, they may choose to defer or forego elective surgeries and other non-emergent procedures, which are generally more profitable lines of business for hospitals. In addition, employers may impose or patients may select a high-deductible insurance plan or no insurance at all, which increases a hospital’s dependence on self-pay revenue. Moreover, a greater number of uninsured patients may seek care in our emergency rooms.

We are unable to quantify the specific impact of current or recent economic conditions on our business, however, we believe that the economic conditions in the service areas in which our hospitals operate may have an adverse impact on our operations. Such impact can be expected to continue to affect not only the healthcare decisions of our patients and potential patients but could also have an adverse impact on the solvency of certain managed care providers and other counterparties to transactions with us.

Healthcare plans have taken steps to control the utilization and reimbursement of healthcare services.

We also face efforts by non-governmental third-party payers, including healthcare plans, to reduce utilization and reimbursement for healthcare services.

The healthcare industry has experienced a trend of consolidation among healthcare insurance plans and payers, resulting in fewer but larger insurance plans with significant bargaining power to negotiate fee arrangements with healthcare providers. These healthcare plans, and independent physician associations, may demand that providers accept discounted fee structures or assume all or a portion of the financial risk associated with providing services to their members through capped payment arrangements. There are also an increasing number of patients enrolling in consumer driven products and high deductible plans that involve greater patient cost-sharing.

The increased consolidation among healthcare plans and payers increases the potential adverse impact of not being, or ceasing to be, a contracted provider with any such insurer. The ACA includes provisions, including ones regarding the creation of healthcare exchanges, which may encourage healthcare insurance plans to increase exclusive contracting.

We expect continuing efforts to reduce reimbursements, to impose more stringent cost controls and to reduce utilization of services. These efforts, including future changes in third-party payer rules, practices and policies or ceasing to be a contracted provider to many healthcare plans, have had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our business.

Some of our operations are subject to federal and state laws prohibiting “kickbacks” and other laws designed to prohibit payments for referrals and eliminate healthcare fraud.

Federal and state anti-kickback and similar laws prohibit payment, or offers of payment, in exchange for referrals of products and services for which reimbursement may be made by Medicare or other federal and state healthcare programs. Some state laws contain similar prohibitions that apply without regard to the payer of reimbursement for the services. Under a federal statute, known as the “Stark Law” or “self-referral” prohibition, physicians, subject to certain exceptions, are prohibited from referring their Medicare or Medicaid program patients to providers with which the physicians or their immediate family members have a financial relationship, and the providers are prohibited from billing for services rendered in violation of Stark Law referral prohibitions. Violations of the federal Anti-Kickback Law and Stark Law may be punished by civil and criminal penalties, and/or exclusion from participation in federal health care programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. States may impose similar penalties. The ACA significantly strengthened provisions of the Federal False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Law provisions, and other health care fraud provisions, leading to the possibility of greatly increased qui tam suits by private citizen “relators” for perceived violations of these laws. There can be no assurance that our activities will not come under the scrutiny of regulators and other government authorities or that our practices will not be found to violate applicable laws, rules and regulations or prompt lawsuits by private citizen relators under federal or state false claims laws.

Federal officials responsible for administering and enforcing the healthcare laws and regulations have made a priority of eliminating healthcare fraud. For example, the ACA includes significant new fraud and abuse measures, including required disclosures of financial arrangements with physician customers, lower thresholds for violations and increased potential penalties for violations. Federal funding available for combating health care fraud and abuse generally has increased. While we seek to conduct our business in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, many of the laws and regulations applicable to our business, particularly those relating to billing and reimbursement of services and those relating to relationships with physicians, hospitals and patients, contain language that has not been interpreted by courts. We must rely on our interpretation of these laws and regulations based on the advice of our counsel and regulatory or law enforcement authorities may not agree with our interpretation of these laws and regulations and may seek to enforce legal remedies or penalties against us for violations.

From time to time we may need to change our operations, particularly pricing or billing practices, in response to changing interpretations of these laws and regulations, or regulatory or judicial determinations with respect to these laws and regulations. These occurrences, regardless of their outcome, could damage our reputation and harm important business relationships that we have with healthcare providers, payers and others. Furthermore, if a regulatory or judicial authority finds that we have not complied with applicable laws and regulations, we would be required to refund amounts that were billed and collected in violation of such laws and regulations. In addition, we may voluntarily refund amounts that were alleged to have been billed and collected in violation of applicable laws and regulations. In either case, we could suffer civil and criminal damages, fines and penalties, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and the loss of licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to operate our business, as well as incur liabilities from third-party claims, all of which could harm our operating results and financial condition.

Moreover, regardless of the outcome, if we or physicians or other third parties with whom we do business are investigated by a regulatory or law enforcement authority we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees, and our management may be required to divert a substantial amount of time to an investigation.

To enhance compliance with applicable health care laws, and mitigate potential liability in the event of noncompliance, regulatory authorities, such as the OIG, have recommended the adoption and implementation of a comprehensive health care compliance program that generally contains the elements of an effective compliance and ethics program described in Section 8B2.1 of the United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual, and for many years the OIG has made available a model compliance program. In addition, certain states require that health care providers that engage in substantial business under the state Medicaid program have a compliance program that generally adheres to the standards set forth in the Model Compliance Program. Also, under the ACA, HHS will require suppliers, such as the Company, to adopt, as a condition of Medicare participation, compliance programs that meet a core set of requirements. While we have adopted, or are in the process of adopting, healthcare compliance and ethics programs that generally incorporate the OIG’s recommendations, and training our applicable employees in such compliance, having such a program can be no assurance that we will avoid any compliance issues.

We conduct our business in a heavily regulated industry and changes in regulations or violations of regulations could, directly or indirectly, harm our operating results and financial condition.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated and there can be no assurance that the regulatory environment in which we operate will not change significantly and adversely in the future. Areas of the regulatory environment that may affect our ability to conduct business include, without limitation:

These laws and regulations are extremely complex and in many instances, there are no significant regulatory or judicial interpretations of these laws and regulations. Any determination that we have violated these laws or regulations, or the public announcement that we are being investigated for possible violations of these laws or regulations, could harm our operating results and financial condition. In addition, a significant change in any of these laws or regulations may require us to change our business model in order to maintain compliance with these laws or regulations, which could harm our operating results and financial condition.

Failure to comply with complex federal and state laws and regulations related to submission of claims for services can result in significant monetary damages and penalties and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

We are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations relating to the submission of claims for payment for services, including those that relate to coverage of our services under Medicare, Medicaid and other governmental health care programs, the amounts that may be billed for our services and to whom claims for services may be submitted.

Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in our inability to receive payment for our services or result in attempts by third-party payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, to recover payments from us that have already been made. Submission of claims in violation of certain statutory or regulatory requirements can result in penalties, including substantial civil money penalties for each item or service billed to Medicare in violation of the legal requirement, and exclusion from participation in Medicare and Medicaid. Government authorities may also assert that violations of laws and regulations related to submission or causing the submission of claims violate the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”) or other laws related to fraud and abuse, including submission of claims for services that were not medically necessary. Violations of the FCA could result in enormous economic liability. The FCA provides that all damages are trebled. For example, we could be subject to FCA liability if it was determined that the services we provided were not medically necessary and not reimbursable, particularly if it were asserted that we contributed to the physician’s referrals of unnecessary services to us. It is also possible that the government could attempt to hold us liable under fraud and abuse laws for improper claims submitted by an entity for services that we performed if we were found to have knowingly participated in the arrangement that resulted in submission of the improper claims.

Our facilities are subject to potential claims for professional liability, including existing or potential claims based on the acts or omissions of third parties, which claims may not be covered by insurance.

Our facilities are subject to potential claims for professional liability (medical malpractice) in connection with their operations, as well as potentially acquired or discontinued operations. To cover such claims, professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance are maintained in amounts believed to be sufficient for operations, although some claims may exceed the scope or amount of the coverage in effect. The assertion of a significant number of claims, either within a self-insured retention (deductible) or individually or in the aggregate in excess of available insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Premiums for professional liability insurance have historically been volatile and we cannot assure you that professional liability insurance will continue to be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. The operations of hospitals also depend on the professional services of physicians and other trained healthcare providers and technicians in the conduct of their respective operations, including independent laboratories and physicians rendering diagnostic and medical services. There can be no assurance that any legal action stemming from the act or omission of a third party provider of healthcare services would not be brought against one of our hospitals, resulting in significant legal expenses in order to defend against such legal action or to obtain a financial contribution from the third party whose acts or omissions occasioned the legal action.

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified healthcare professionals. A shortage of qualified healthcare professionals could weaken our ability to deliver healthcare services.

Our operations are dependent on the efforts, ability and experience of healthcare professionals, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, pharmacists and lab technicians. Each facility’s success has been, and will continue to be, influenced by its ability to attract and retain these skilled employees. A shortage of healthcare professionals, the loss of some or all of its key employees or the inability to attract or retain sufficient numbers of qualified healthcare professionals could cause the operating performance of one or more of our facilities to decline.

A significant portion of our net revenues is dependent on Medicare and Medicaid payments and possible reductions in Medicare or Medicaid payments or the implementation of other measures to reduce reimbursements may reduce our revenues.

A significant portion of our net revenues is derived from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which are highly regulated and subject to frequent and substantial changes. Previous legislative changes have resulted in, and future legislative changes may result in, limitations on and reduced levels of payment and reimbursement for a substantial portion of hospital procedures and costs.

Future healthcare legislation or other changes in the administration or interpretation of governmental healthcare programs may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Failure to timely or accurately bill for our services could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Billing for medical services is extremely complicated and is subject to extensive and non-uniform rules and administrative requirements. Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, we bill various payers, such as patients, insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, physicians, hospitals and employer groups. Changes in laws and regulations could increase the complexity and cost of our billing process. Additionally, auditing for compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as internal compliance policies and procedures adds further cost and complexity to the billing process. Further, our billing systems require significant technology investment and, as a result of marketplace demands, we need to continually invest in our billing systems.

Missing, incomplete, or incorrect information on requisitions adds complexity to and slows the billing process, creates backlogs of unbilled requisitions, and generally increases the aging of accounts receivable and bad debt expense. Failure to timely or correctly bill may lead to our not being reimbursed for our services or an increase in the aging of our accounts receivable, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. Failure to comply with applicable laws relating to billing or even having to pay back amounts incorrectly billed and collected could lead to various penalties, including: (1) exclusion from participation in CMS and other government programs; (2) asset forfeitures; (3) civil and criminal fines and penalties; and (4) the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to operate our business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows.

There have been times when our accounts receivable have increased at a greater rate than revenue growth and, therefore, have adversely affected our cash flows from operations. We have taken steps to implement systems and processing changes intended to improve billing procedures and related collection results. However, we cannot assure that our ongoing assessment of accounts receivable will not result in the need for additional provisions. Such additional provisions, if implemented, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

Our operations may be adversely impacted by the effects of extreme weather conditions, natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes, hostilities or acts of terrorism and other criminal activities.

Our operations are always subject to adverse impacts resulting from extreme weather conditions, natural disasters, hostilities or acts of terrorism or other criminal activities. Such events may result in a temporary decline in the number of patients who seek our services or in our employees’ ability to perform their job duties. In addition, such events may temporarily interrupt our ability to provide our services. The occurrence of any such event and/or a disruption of our operations as a result may adversely affect our results of operations.

Increased competition, including price competition, could have a material adverse impact on our net revenues and profitability.

We operate in a business that is characterized by intense competition. Our major competitors include large national hospitals that possess greater name recognition, larger customer bases, and significantly greater financial resources and employ substantially more personnel than we do. Many of our competitors have long established relationships. Although our hospitals operate in communities where they are currently the only general acute care hospital, they face substantial competition from other hospitals. Although these competing hospitals may be many miles away, patients in these markets may migrate to these competing hospitals as a result of local physician referrals, managed care plan incentives or personal choices. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with such entities in the future.

The healthcare business is intensely competitive both in terms of price and service. Pricing of services is often one of the most significant factors used by patients, health care providers and third-party payers in selecting a provider. As a result of the healthcare industry undergoing significant consolidation, larger providers are able to increase cost efficiencies. This consolidation results in greater price competition. We may be unable to increase cost efficiencies sufficiently, if at all, and as a result, our net earnings and cash flows could be negatively impacted by such price competition. We may also face competition from companies that do not comply with existing laws or regulations or otherwise disregard compliance standards in the industry. Additionally, we may also face changes in fee schedules, competitive bidding for services or other actions or pressures reducing payment schedules as a result of increased or additional competition. Additional competition, including price competition, could have a material adverse impact on our net revenues and profitability.

Continued supply chain shortages could increase our costs of operations or adversely affect our results of operations.

Shortages, delays, increased costs, and governmental restrictions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic or arising out of increased demand as the pandemic wanes have disrupted and may continue to disrupt the ability of our facilities to procure items used in their operations. A severe inability to obtain such items or substantially increased costs for the items could have an adverse effect on our results of operations if we are unable to pass such costs along to patients.

Sustained inflation could increase our costs of operations.

The healthcare industry is very labor intensive and salaries and benefits are subject to inflationary pressures, as are supply and other costs. In particular, like others in the healthcare industry, we continue to experience a shortage of nurses and other clinical staff and support personnel, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We are treating patients with COVID-19 in our facilities and, in some areas, the increased demand for care is putting a strain on our resources and staff, which has required us to utilize higher-cost temporary labor and pay premiums above standard compensation for essential workers. The length and extent of the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are currently unknown; however, we expect such disruptions to continue. This staffing shortage may require us to further enhance wages and benefits to recruit and retain nurses and other clinical staff and support personnel or require us to hire expensive temporary personnel. Furthermore, we are unable to predict whether recent inflationary spikes are transitory due to pandemic recovery related demand, labor shortages in selected markets, and supply chain issues or reflect the beginning of an inflationary cycle. Substantially increased costs of personnel, goods, and services could have an adverse effect on our results of operations if we are unable to pass such costs along to patients. The concentration of our patients in persons for whom the cost of treatment is paid for under government programs could substantially limit our ability to pass through such costs.

Failure to maintain the security of patient-related information or compliance with security requirements could damage the Company’s reputation with patients and cause it to incur substantial additional costs and to become subject to litigation.

Pursuant to HIPAA and certain similar state laws, we must comply with comprehensive privacy and security standards with respect to the use and disclosure of protected health information. Under the HITECH amendments to HIPAA, HIPAA was expanded to require certain data breach notifications, to extend certain HIPAA privacy and security standards directly to business associates, to heighten penalties for noncompliance and to enhance enforcement efforts. If the Company does not comply with existing or new laws and regulations relating to protecting the privacy and security of personal or health information, it could be subject to monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal sanctions.

The Company receives certain personal and financial information about its patients. In addition, the Company depends upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, including information permitting cashless payments. While we take reasonable and prudent steps to protect this information, a compromise in the Company’s security systems that results in patient personal information being obtained by unauthorized persons or the Company’s failure to comply with security requirements for financial transactions could adversely affect the Company’s reputation with its customers and others, as well as the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. It could also result in litigation against the Company or the imposition of penalties.

Failure of the Company to comply with emerging electronic transmission standards could adversely affect our business.

The failure of our IT systems to keep pace with technological advances may significantly reduce our revenues or increase our expenses. Public and private initiatives to create healthcare information technology (“HCIT”) standards and to mandate standardized clinical coding systems for the electronic exchange of clinical information could require costly modifications to our existing HCIT systems. While we do not expect HCIT standards to be adopted or implemented without adequate time to comply, if we fail to adopt or delay in implementing HCIT standards, we could lose customers and business opportunities.

Compliance with the HIPAA security regulations and privacy regulations may increase the Company’s costs.

The HIPAA privacy and security regulations, including the expanded requirements under HITECH, establish comprehensive federal standards with respect to the use and disclosure of protected health information by health plans, healthcare providers and healthcare clearinghouses, in addition to setting standards to protect the confidentiality, integrity and security of protected health information. The regulations establish a complex regulatory framework on a variety of subjects, including:

The Company has implemented policies and procedures related to compliance with the HIPAA privacy and security regulations, as required by law. The privacy and security regulations establish a “floor” and do not supersede state laws that are more stringent. Therefore, the Company is required to comply with both federal privacy and security regulations and varying state privacy and security laws. In addition, for healthcare data transfers from other countries relating to citizens of those countries, the Company may also be required to comply with the laws of those other countries. The federal privacy regulations restrict the Company’s ability to use or disclose patient identifiable data, without patient authorization, for purposes other than payment, treatment or healthcare operations (as defined by HIPAA), except for disclosures for various public policy purposes and other permitted purposes outlined in the privacy regulations. HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, provides for significant fines and other penalties for wrongful use or disclosure of protected health information in violation of the privacy and security regulations, including potential civil and criminal fines and penalties. Due to the enactment of HITECH and an increase in the amount of monetary financial penalties, government enforcement has also increased. It is not possible to predict what the extent of the impact on business will be, other than heightened scrutiny and emphasis on compliance. If the Company does not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to protecting the privacy and security of health information it could be subject to significant monetary fines, civil penalties or criminal sanctions. In addition, other federal and state laws that protect the privacy and security of patient information may be subject to enforcement and interpretations by various governmental authorities and courts resulting in complex compliance issues. For example, the Company could incur damages under state laws pursuant to an action brought by a private party for the wrongful use or disclosure of confidential health information or other private personal information.

Health care reform and related programs (e.g. Health Insurance Exchanges), changes in government payment and reimbursement systems, or changes in payer mix, including an increase in capitated reimbursement mechanisms and evolving delivery models, could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s net revenues, profitability and cash flow.

Our services are billed to private patients, Medicare, Medicaid, commercial clients, managed care organizations (“MCOs”) and third-party insurance companies. Bills may be sent to different payers depending on the medical insurance benefits of a particular patient. Increases in the percentage of services billed to government and managed care payers could have an adverse impact on the Company’s net revenues.

A portion of the third-party insurance fee-for-service revenues are collectible from patients in the form of deductibles, copayments and coinsurance. As patient cost-sharing increases, collectability may be impacted.

In addition, Medicare and Medicaid and private insurers have increased their efforts to control the cost, utilization and delivery of health care services. Measures to regulate health care delivery have resulted in reduced prices, added costs and decreased utilization as well as increased complexity and new regulatory and administrative requirements. Changes to, or repeal of, the ACA, the health care reform legislation passed in 2010, also may continue to affect coverage, reimbursement and utilization of services, as well as administrative requirements, in ways that are currently unpredictable.

The Company expects efforts to impose reduced reimbursement, more stringent payment policies and utilization and cost controls by government and other payers to continue. If the Company cannot offset additional reductions in the payments it receives for its services by reducing costs, increasing the number of patients treated and/or introducing new procedures, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s net revenues, profitability and cash flows.

As an employer, health care reform legislation also contains numerous regulations that will require the Company to implement significant process and record keeping changes to be in compliance. These changes increase the cost of providing healthcare coverage to employees and their families. Given the limited release of regulations to guide compliance, as well as potential changes to or repeal of the ACA, the exact impact to employers including the Company is uncertain.

A failure to identify and successfully close and integrate strategic acquisition targets could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business objectives and its net revenues and profitability.

Part of the Company’s strategy involves deploying capital in investments that enhance the Company’s business, which includes pursuing strategic acquisitions to strengthen the Company’s capabilities and increase its presence in key geographic areas. However, the Company cannot assure that it will be able to identify acquisition targets that are attractive to the Company or that are of a large enough size to have a meaningful impact on the Company’s operating results. Furthermore, the successful closing and integration of a strategic acquisition entails numerous risks, including, among others:

The Company cannot assure that current or future acquisitions, if any, or any related integration efforts will be successful, or that the Company’s business will not be adversely affected by any future acquisitions, including with respect to net revenues and profitability. Even if the Company is able to successfully integrate the operations of businesses that it may acquire in the future, the Company may not be able to realize the benefits that it expects from such acquisitions.

Adverse results in material litigation matters or governmental inquiries could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s business and financial condition.

The Company may become subject in the ordinary course of business to material legal action related to, among other things, professional liability, contracts and employee-related matters, as well as inquiries and requests for information from governmental agencies and bodies and Medicare or Medicaid payors requesting comment and/or information on allegations of billing irregularities, billing and pricing arrangements, privacy practices and other matters that are brought to their attention through billing audits or third parties. The healthcare industry is subject to substantial Federal and state government regulation and audit. Legal actions could result in substantial monetary damages as well as damage to the Company’s reputation with customers, which could have a material adverse effect upon its business.

As a company with limited capital and human resources, we anticipate that more of management’s time and attention will be diverted from our business to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements than would be the case with a company that has well established controls and procedures. This diversion of management’s time and attention may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the event we identify significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that we cannot remediate in a timely manner, or if we are unable to receive a positive attestation from our independent registered public accounting firm with respect to our internal control over financial reporting when we are required to do so, investors and others may lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. If this occurs, the trading price of our common stock, if any, and ability to obtain any necessary equity or debt financing could suffer. Presently, our auditors are not required to audit internal controls over financial reporting. However, if in the future such a requirement arises, and in the event that our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to rely on our internal control over financial reporting in connection with its audit of our financial statements, and in the further event that it is unable to devise alternative procedures in order to satisfy itself as to the material accuracy of our financial statements and related disclosures, we may be unable to file our periodic reports with the SEC. This would likely have an adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock, if any, and our ability to secure any necessary additional financing, and could result in the delisting of our common stock. In such event, the liquidity of our common stock would be severely limited and the market price of our common stock would likely decline significantly.

An inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified personnel could adversely affect the Company’s business.

The loss of key management personnel or the inability to attract and retain experienced and qualified employees by the Company could adversely affect the business. The success of the Company is dependent in part on the efforts of key members of its management team.

Failure in the Company’s information technology systems or delays or failures in the development and implementation of updates or enhancements to those systems could significantly delay billing and otherwise disrupt the Company’s operations or patient relationships.

The Company’s business and patient relationships depend, in part, on the continued performance of its information technology systems. Despite network security measures and other precautions, the Company’s information technology systems are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptions. Sustained system failures or interruption of the Company’s systems in one or more of its operations could disrupt the Company’s ability to conduct its business. Breaches with respect to protected health information could result in violations of HIPAA and analogous state laws, and risk the imposition of significant fines and penalties. Failure of the Company’s information technology systems could adversely affect the Company’s business, profitability and financial condition.

Increasing health insurance premiums and co-payments or high deductible health plans may cause individuals to forgo health insurance and avoid medical attention, either of which may reduce demand for our products and services.

Health insurance premiums, co-payments and deductibles have generally increased in recent years. These increases may cause individuals to forgo health insurance, as well as medical attention. This behavior may reduce demand for services at our hospitals.

Our business has substantial indebtedness; certain of our debt instruments contain restrictive covenants which may affect our operational and financial flexibility.

We currently have, and will likely continue to have, a substantial amount of indebtedness. Our indebtedness could, among other things, make it more difficult for us to satisfy our debt and other obligations, require us to use a large portion of our cash flow from operations to repay and service our debt or otherwise create liquidity problems, limit our flexibility to adjust to market conditions and place us at a competitive disadvantage. Restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness may adversely affect us. As of December 31, 2021, we had total debt outstanding of approximately $15.0 million, the majority of which is short term and past due. As a result of non-payment of past due debentures and notes payable, we have incurred penalties totaling approximately $6.9 million and penalty interest of approximately $10.4 million as of December 31, 2021.

Our ability to meet our obligations depends on our future performance and capital raising activities, which will be affected by financial, business, economic and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. If our cash flow and capital resources prove inadequate to allow us to pay the principal and interest on our debt, and meet our other obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations, restructure or refinance our debt, which we may be unable to do on acceptable terms, and forego attractive business opportunities. In addition, the terms of our existing or future debt agreements may restrict us from pursuing any of these alternatives.

Failure to achieve and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting may result in our not being able to accurately report our financial results. As a result, current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our stock.

Our management has determined that as of December 31, 2021, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework as a result of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If the results of our remediation efforts regarding our material weaknesses are not successful, or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies are identified in our internal control over financial reporting, our management will be unable to report favorably as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and/or our disclosure controls and procedures, and we could be required to further implement expensive and time-consuming remedial measures and potentially lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on our stock price and potentially subject us to litigation.

Provisions of Delaware law and our organizational documents may discourage takeovers and business combinations that our stockholders may consider in their best interests, which could negatively affect our stock price.

Provisions of Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company or deterring tender offers for our common stock that other stockholders may consider in their best interests.

Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more different series with terms to be fixed by our Board of Directors. Stockholder approval is not necessary to issue preferred stock in this manner. Issuance of these shares of preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult and more expensive for a person or group to acquire control of us, and could effectively be used as an anti-takeover device.

Our bylaws provide for an advance notice procedure for stockholders to nominate director candidates for election or to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our Board of Directors, and require that special meetings of stockholders be called only by our chairman of the board, chief executive officer, president or the board pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the board.

The anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law and provisions in our organizational documents may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

As a public company, we incur significant administrative workload and expenses.

As a public company, we must comply with various laws, regulations and requirements, including certain provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules implemented by the SEC. Complying with these statutes, regulations and requirements, including our public company reporting requirements, continues to occupy a significant amount of the time of our Board of Directors and management and involves significant accounting, legal and other expenses. We may need to hire additional accounting personnel to handle these responsibilities, which will increase our operating costs. Furthermore, these laws, regulations and requirements could make it more difficult or more costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board of Directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

New laws and regulations as well as changes to existing laws and regulations affecting public companies, including the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules adopted by the SEC, would likely result in increased costs to us as we respond to their requirements. We are investing resources to comply with evolving laws and regulations, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock and certain of our financing agreements, while outstanding, prohibit us from declaring or paying cash dividends without approval, which may not be granted. In addition, we anticipate that we will retain our earnings, if any, for future growth and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The terms of certain series of our Preferred Stock also preclude the payment of cash dividends on our common stock unless dividends are paid on such Preferred Stock. Accordingly, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investment unless the trading price of our common stock appreciates, which is uncertain and unpredictable.

We have used our convertible preferred stock for the exchange/repayment of debt. Going forward, we may use our stock to pay, to a large extent, for future acquisitions or we may continue to use our stock for the exchange/repayment of debt, which has been and would continue to be dilutive to investors.

In the past we have used our convertible preferred stock for the exchange/repayment of debt, which as a result of the conversions of the preferred stock into shares of our common stock, has resulted in significant dilution of our common stock. Going forward, we may choose to use additional preferred or common stock to pay, to a large extent, for future acquisitions or for additional exchanges/repayment of debt, and believe that doing so will enable us to retain a greater percentage of our operating capital to fund operations. Price and volume fluctuations in our stock might negatively impact our ability to effectively use our stock to pay for acquisitions, or could cause us to offer stock as consideration for acquisitions on terms that are not favorable to us and our stockholders. If we did resort in the future to issuing stock in lieu of cash for acquisitions or the exchange/repayment of debt under unfavorable circumstances, it would result in increased dilution to investors.

Our hospital operations are dependent on the local economies and the surrounding areas in which they operate. A significant deterioration in those economies could cause a material adverse effect on our hospitals’ businesses.

Each rural hospital operation is dependent upon the local economy where it is located. A significant deterioration in that economy would negatively impact the demand for the hospital’s services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for service as rendered.

On June 1, 2018, we acquired certain assets related to our Jamestown Regional Medical Center. This hospital is 38 miles west of our Big South Fork Medical Center. On March 5, 2019, we acquired certain assets related to Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Clinic. Jellico Community Hospital was 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center and CarePlus is nearby in Kentucky. Although the Company believes the synergies of management and services in a close geographic location will create numerous efficiencies for the Company, it has exposed the Company to a much greater degree to the effects of the economy in that one area. The Company suspended operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center in June 2019, as a result of the termination of its Medicare agreement. The Company plans to reopen the hospital upon securing adequate capital to do so. The reopening plans have also been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within 18 months subject to securing adequate capital. On March 1, 2021, the Company closed Jellico Community Hospital after the City of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building.

Our revenues are concentrated in Tennessee, which makes us particularly sensitive to changes in that state.

Our revenues are particularly sensitive to regulatory and economic changes in the State of Tennessee. Any change in the current demographic, economic, competitive or regulatory conditions in the state could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Changes to the Medicaid program or other health care laws or regulations in that state could also have an adverse effect.

Our common stock is subject to substantial dilution by exercises of warrants and conversions or exercises of other securities into common stock.

The Company has outstanding warrants, stock options, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures. Exercise of the warrants and stock options and conversions of the convertible preferred stock and debentures could result in substantial dilution of our common stock and a decline in its market price. In addition, the terms of certain of the warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures issued by us provide for reductions in the per share exercise prices of the warrants and the per share conversion prices of the debentures and preferred stock (if applicable and subject to a floor in certain cases), in the event that we issue common stock or common stock equivalents (as that term is defined in the agreements) at an effective exercise/conversion price that is less than the then exercise/conversion prices of the outstanding warrants, preferred stock or debentures, as the case may be. These provisions, as well as the issuances of debentures and preferred stock with conversion prices that vary based upon the price of our common stock on the date of conversion, have resulted in significant dilution of our common stock and have given rise to reverse splits of our common stock.

The following table presents the dilutive effect of our various potential shares of common stock as of December 31, 2021:

Continued conversions and exercises of the Company’s outstanding securities into common stock have further depressed the market price of our common stock and have caused corresponding decreases to the exercise and conversion prices of many of the Company’s convertible securities due to their anti-dilution provisions. As of April 8, 2022, the total dilutive potential shares of common stock, including outstanding common stock, was 10.2 billion.

The sale of a substantial amount of our common stock, including resale of the shares of common stock issuable upon the conversions of preferred stock and convertible debentures and the exercise of the outstanding warrants in the public market could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.

Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock, and the market value of our other securities.

In the future, we may issue additional shares of common stock or other equity or debt securities convertible into common stock in connection with a financing, acquisition, litigation settlement, employee arrangement, or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and could cause our stock price to decline.

Not applicable.

The table below summarizes certain information as to our principal facilities:

We believe that each of our facilities is adequately equipped for its currently foreseeable level of operations.

From time to time, the Company may be involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations and proceedings related to contractual disputes, employment matters, regulatory and compliance matters, intellectual property rights and other litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company operates in a highly regulated industry which may inherently lend itself to legal matters. Management is aware that litigation has associated costs and that results of adverse litigation verdicts could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. The Company’s policy is to expense legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the legal proceedings in the period in which the expense is incurred. Management, in consultation with legal counsel, has addressed known assertions and predicted unasserted claims below.

Biohealth Medical Laboratory, Inc. and PB Laboratories, LLC (the “Companies”) filed suit against CIGNA Health in 2015 alleging that CIGNA failed to pay claims for laboratory services the Companies provided to patients pursuant to CIGNA - issued and CIGNA - administered plans. In 2016, the U.S. District Court dismissed part of the Companies’ claims for lack of standing. The Companies appealed that decision to the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which in late 2017 reversed the District Court’s decision and found that the Companies have standing to raise claims arising out of traditional insurance plans as well as self-funded plans. In July 2019, the Companies and EPIC filed suit against CIGNA Health for failure to pay claims for laboratory services provided. Cigna Health, in turn, sued for improper billing practices. The suit remains ongoing but because the Company did not have the financial resources to see the legal action to conclusion it assigned the benefit, if any, from the suit to Mr. Diamantis for his financial support to the Company and assumption of all costs to carry the cost to conclusion.

In November of 2016, the IRS commenced an audit of the Company’s 2015 Federal tax return. Based upon the audit results, the Company made provisions of approximately $1.0 million as a liability and approximately $0.9 million as a receivable in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018. During the first quarter of 2020, the U.S. Congress approved the CARES Act, which allows a five-year carryback privilege for federal net operating tax losses that arose in a tax year beginning in 2018 and through 2020. As a result, during 2020, the Company recorded approximately $1.1 million in refunds from the carryback of certain of its federal net operating losses. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded $0.3 million in refunds related to other net operating loss carryback adjustments and it received income tax refunds of $0.6 million related to the audit of the Company’s 2015 Federal tax return. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company received income tax refunds of $0.3 million, which represented income tax refunds associated with the CARES Act. The Company used the $0.3 million of refunds that it received in 2021 to repay a portion of the amount that it owes for federal income tax liabilities that arose from the 2015 federal income tax audit. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had federal income tax receivables of $1.1 million and federal income tax liabilities of $0.7 million. Income taxes are more fully discussed in Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

On September 27, 2016, a tax warrant was issued against the Company by the Florida Department of Revenue (the “DOR”) for unpaid 2014 state income taxes in the approximate amount of $0.9 million, including penalties and interest. The Company entered into a Stipulation Agreement with the DOR allowing the Company to make monthly installments until July 2019. The Company has made payments to reduce the amount owed. The Company intends to renegotiate another stipulation agreement. However, there can be no assurance the Company will be successful. The balance accrued of approximately $0.4 million remained outstanding to the DOR at December 31, 2021.

In December of 2016, DeLage Landen Financial Services, Inc. (“DeLage”), filed suit against the Company for failure to make the required payments under an equipment leasing contract that the Company had with DeLage (see Note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). On January 24, 2017, DeLage received a default judgment against the Company in the approximate amount of $1.0 million, representing the balance owed on the lease, as well as additional interest, penalties and fees. The Company recognized this amount in its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2016. On February 8, 2017, a Stay of Execution was filed and under its terms the balance due was to be paid in variable monthly installments through January of 2019, with an implicit interest rate of 4.97%. The Company and DeLage disposed of certain equipment and reduced the balance owed to DeLage to $0.2 million, which remained outstanding at December 31, 2021.

On December 7, 2016, the holders of the Tegal Notes (see Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements) filed suit against the Company seeking payment for the amounts due under the notes in the aggregate of the principal of $341,612, and accrued interest of $43,000. A request for entry of default judgment was filed on January 24, 2017. On April 23, 2018, the holders of the Tegal Notes received a judgment against the Company. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has repaid $50,055 of the principal amount of these notes.

The Company, as well as many of its subsidiaries, were defendants in a case filed in Broward County Circuit Court by TCA Global Credit Master Fund, L.P. The plaintiff alleged a breach by Medytox Solutions, Inc. of its obligations under a debenture and claimed damages of approximately $2,030,000 plus interest, costs and fees. The Company and the other subsidiaries were sued as alleged guarantors of the debenture. The complaint was filed on August 1, 2018. In May 2020, the SEC appointed a Receiver to close down the TCA Global Credit Master Fund, L.P. The Company and the Receiver entered into a settlement agreement dated effective as of September 30, 2021, under which the Company agreed to pay $500,000 as full and final settlement of principal and interest, of which $200,000 was paid on November 4, 2021 and the remaining $300,000 is due in six consecutive monthly installments of $50,000 payable on or before the fifth day of each month beginning December 2021, leaving a balance due as of December 31, 2021 of $250,000 (see Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). As a result of the settlement, the Company recorded a gain from legal settlement of $2.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.

On September 13, 2018, Laboratory Corporation of America sued EPIC, a subsidiary of the Company, in Palm Beach County Circuit Court for amounts claimed to be owed. The court awarded a judgment against EPIC in May 2019 for approximately $155,000. The Company has recorded the amount owed as a liability as of December 31, 2021.

In February 2020, Anthony O’Killough sued the Company and Mr. Diamantis, as guarantor, in New York State Supreme Court for the County of New York, for approximately $2.0 million relating to the promissory note issued by the Company in September 2019. In May 2020, the parties entered into a Stipulation providing for a payment of a total of $2,158,168 (which includes accrued interest) in installments through November 1, 2020 (see Note 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). As of December 31, 2021, the Company had not made the majority of the required payments and, as a result, approximately $1.5 million of principal and $0.8 million of penalty interest, which accrues at a rate of 20% per annum, was due and owing. On January 18, 2022, Mr. Diamantis paid $750,000 and the remaining balance is due 120 days thereafter. Mr. O’Killough agreed to forebear from any further enforcement action until then. The Company is obligated to repay Mr. Diamantis the $750,000 payment as well as any further payments that may be made by him.

In February 2021, a supplier to the Company’s hospitals, Shared Medical Services, Inc., filed suit in Palm Beach County Circuit Court for approximately $90,000 by virtue of default and for breach of contract and charges totaling approximately another $100,000. On September 30, 2021, the parties agreed to settle this case for $50,000 payable in installments through February 2022, which amounts have been paid in full.

Following the Company’s decision to suspend operations at Jamestown Regional Medical Center in June 2019 a number of vendors remain unpaid. A number have initiated or threatened legal actions. The Company believes it will come to satisfactory arrangements with these parties as it works toward reopening the hospital. The Company has accrued the amounts that it expects to owe in its financial statements. The Company plans to reopen the hospital within the next 18 months upon securing adequate capital to do so. The reopening plans have also been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed.

Two former employees of Jamestown Regional Medical Center filed suit alleging violations of the federal Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (“WARN”). The Court entered a default against the Company on August 14, 2019. The parties disagreed to the amount of damages, specifically to whether part-time employees are entitled to WARN act damages. The parties agreed to a settlement agreement dated May 14, 2021. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, the Company was required to pay a sum of $425,000, which was paid in full in October 2021.

In June 2019, CHSPSC, the former owners of Jamestown Regional Medical Center, obtained a judgment against the Company in the amount of $592,650. The Company has recorded a portion of this judgment as a liability as of December 31, 2021, as management believes that a number of insurance payments were made to CHSPSC after the change of ownership and will likely offset the majority of the claim made by CHSPSC.

In August 2019, Morrison Management Specialists, Inc. obtained a judgment against Jamestown Regional Medical Center and the Company in Fentress County, Tennessee in the amount of $194,455 in connection with housekeeping and dietary services. The Company has recorded this liability as of December 31, 2021.

In November 2019, Newstat, PLLC obtained a judgment against Big South Fork Medical Center in Knox County, Tennessee in the amount of $190,600 in connection with the provision of medical services. The Company has recorded this liability as of December 31, 2021.

On June 30, 2021, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the Tennessee Bureau of Workers’ Compensation. Per the terms of the settlement agreement, the Company is obligated to pay a total of $109,739, payable in a lump sum payment of $32,922 on or before August 15, 2021 and in 24 consecutive monthly payments of $3,201 each on or before the 15^th day of each month beginning September 15, 2021. The Company has made the required payments due during 2021 and has recorded the remaining amounts as a liability as of December 31, 2021.

In July 2021, WG Fund, Queen Funding and Diesel Funding filed legal actions in New York State Supreme Court for Kings County to recover amounts claimed to be outstanding on accounts receivable sales agreements entered into in 2020. On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into separate stipulation of settlement agreements with the three funding parties under which the Company agreed to repay an aggregate of $0.9 million in equal monthly payments totaling $52,941 through January 1, 2023. The Company has made the required payments due during 2021 and has reflected the remaining obligations owed as of December 31, 2021 as a reduction of its accounts receivable.

An employee of the Big South Fork Medical Center has filed a workers’ compensation claim in the Tennessee Court of Workers’ Compensation for an alleged workplace injury from July 2019. The case is in its early stages. Big South Fork Medical Center intends to contest the claimed benefits, although there can be no assurance that there will not be some liability.

The Company has received questions in the form of a civil investigation inquiry from the Department of Justice with regards to the use of monies received from PPP Notes and HHS Provider Relief Funds. There is no allegation of wrongdoing and no indication that any liability will materialize. The Company is confident that all PPP Notes and HHS Provider Relief Funds monies were appropriately utilized and accounted for and believes that provision of the details and records will provide satisfactory answers to the inquiry.

Not applicable.

PART II

Since October 25, 2017, our common stock has been traded on the OTC Pink under the symbol “RNVA”. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices per share of our common stock as reported for the periods indicated, as adjusted to reflect all applicable reverse stock splits. Such quotations represent inter-dealer prices without retail markup, markdown or commissions and may not necessarily represent actual transactions. On April 8, 2022, the closing price for our common stock as reported on the OTC Pink was $0.009 per share.

As of April 8, 2022, there were two stockholders of record of our common stock, which excludes stockholders whose shares were held in nominee or street name by brokers.

Voting Agreement

Mr. Diamantis, a former member of our Board of Directors, is the holder of our Series M Preferred Stock. On August 13, 2020, Mr. Diamantis entered into a Voting Agreement and Irrevocable Proxy (the “Voting Agreement”) with the Company, Seamus Lagan and Alcimede LLC (of which Mr. Lagan, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, is the sole manager) pursuant to which Mr. Diamantis granted an irrevocable proxy to Mr. Lagan to vote the Series M Preferred Stock held by Mr. Diamantis, Mr. Diamantis has retained all other rights under the Series M Preferred Stock. Regardless of the number of shares of Series M Preferred Stock outstanding and so long as at least one share of Series M Preferred Stock is outstanding, the outstanding shares of Series M Preferred Stock shall have the number of votes, in the aggregate, equal to 51% of all votes entitled to be voted at any meeting of stockholders or action by written consent. This means that the holders of Series M Preferred Stock have sufficient votes, by themselves, to approve or defeat any proposal voted on by the Company’s stockholders, unless there is a supermajority required under applicable law or by agreement.

Dividend Policy

Holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to dividends when, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. The holders of the Rennova Series F Convertible Preferred Stock and Series H Convertible Preferred Stock receive dividends at the same time any dividend is paid on shares of common stock in an amount equal to the amount such holder would have received if such shares of preferred stock were converted into common stock. Except for stock dividends, the holder of Rennova’s Series L Convertible Preferred Stock is not entitled to receive dividends on its shares. For each of Rennova’s Series M Preferred Stock, Series N Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series O Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Series P Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, dividends at the rate per annum of 10% of the stated value per share accrue on each outstanding share from and after the date of the original issuance of such share. Such accruing dividends accrue from day to day, whether or not declared, and are cumulative and non-compounding, provided, however, that such accruing dividends are payable only when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. No cash dividends may be paid on the common stock unless these accruing dividends are paid.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Certain of our financing agreements prohibit the payment of cash dividends.

The Company intends to retain earnings, if any, to finance the development and expansion of its business. Future dividend policy will be subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will be contingent upon future earnings, if any, the Company’s financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions, restrictions under the Company’s financing agreements and other factors. Therefore, there can be no assurance that any dividends of any kind will ever be paid on the Company’s common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The Company’s 2007 Equity Participation Plan (“2007 Equity Plan”), as amended, became available upon the completion of the Merger. The 2007 Equity Plan terminated pursuant to its terms in September 2017. Grants made prior to the date of termination will remain outstanding until exercised, forfeited or expired pursuant to the terms of each grant.

The following table provides information regarding the status of our existing equity compensation plans at December 31, 2021:

n/a - not applicable.

(1) See Note 12 of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information about weighted average exercise prices.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1996. Such statements consist of any statement other than a recitation of historical fact and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend” or “estimate” or the negative thereof or other variations thereof or comparable terminology. The reader is cautioned that all forward-looking statements are speculative, and there are certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ from those referred to in such forward-looking statements (see Item 1A, “Risk Factors”).

Overview

Rennova Health, Inc. is the result of a merger between two public companies, Medytox Solutions, Inc. and CollabRx, Inc., in November 2015. Medytox Solutions, Inc. (“Medytox”) was organized on July 20, 2005 under the laws of the State of Nevada. On November 2, 2015, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 15, 2015, by and among CollabRx, Inc. (“CollabRx”), CollabRx Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CollabRx formed for the purpose of the merger, and Medytox, Merger Sub merged with and into Medytox, with Medytox as the surviving company and a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of CollabRx (the “Merger”). Prior to closing, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to change its name to Rennova Health, Inc. This transaction was accounted for as a reverse merger in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and, as such, the historical financial statements of Medytox became the historical financial statements of the Company.

Our Services

We are a provider of health care services. We own one operating hospital in Oneida, Tennessee, a hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee that we plan to reopen and operate, a physician’s practice in Jamestown, Tennessee that we plan to reopen and operate and a rural clinic in Kentucky. We operate in one business segment.

Scott County Community Hospital (d/b/a Big South Fork Medical Center)

On January 13, 2017, we closed on an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to Scott County Community Hospital, based in Oneida, Tennessee (the “Oneida Assets”). The Oneida Assets include a 52,000-square foot hospital building and a 6,300 square foot professional building on approximately 4.3 acres. Scott County Community Hospital is certified as a Critical Access Hospital (rural) with 25 beds, a 24/7 emergency department, operating rooms and a laboratory that provides a range of diagnostic services. Scott County Community Hospital closed in July 2016 in connection with the bankruptcy filing of its parent company, Pioneer Health Services, Inc. We acquired the Oneida Assets out of bankruptcy for a purchase price of $1.0 million. The hospital, which has since been renamed Big South Fork Medical Center, became operational on August 8, 2017.

Jamestown Regional Medical Center and Mountain View Physician Practice

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire from Community Health Systems, Inc. certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee, referred to as Jamestown Regional Medical Center. The purchase was completed on June 1, 2018 for a purchase price of $0.7 million. The hospital is an 85-bed facility of approximately 90,000 square feet on over eight acres of land, which offers a 24-hour emergency department with two trauma bays and seven private exam rooms, inpatient and outpatient medical services and a progressive care unit which provides telemetry services. The acquisition also included a separate physician practice known as Mountain View Physician Practice, Inc.

The Company suspended operations at the hospital and physician clinic in June 2019, as a result of the termination of the hospital’s Medicare agreement and other factors. The Company plans to reopen the hospital and physician clinic. The reopening plans have also been disrupted by the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within 18 months subject to securing adequate capital. Jamestown is located 38 miles west of Big South Fork Medical Center.

Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Rural Clinic

On March 5, 2019, we closed an asset purchase agreement whereby we acquired certain assets related to a 54-bed acute care hospital that offered comprehensive services located in Jellico, Tennessee known as Jellico Community Hospital and an outpatient clinic located in Williamsburg, Kentucky known as CarePlus Clinic. The hospital and the clinic and their associated assets were acquired from Jellico Community Hospital, Inc. and CarePlus Rural Health Clinic, LLC, respectively.

The CarePlus Clinic offers sophisticated testing capabilities and compassionate care, all in a modern, patient-friendly environment. Services include diagnostic imaging services, x-ray, mammography, bone densitometry, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, physical therapy and laboratory services on a walk-in basis. The CarePlus Clinic is located 32 miles northeast of our Big South Fork Medical Center.

On March 1, 2021, the Company closed Jellico Community Hospital, after the City of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building. The hospital in Jellico was located 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center.

Discontinued Operations

Sale of Health Technology Solutions, Inc. and Advanced Molecular Services Group, Inc.

In 2017, we announced plans to spin off or sell our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Health Technology Solutions, Inc. (“HTS”) and Advanced Molecular Services Group, Inc. (“AMSG”). On June 25, 2021, the Company sold the shares of stock of HTS and AMSG to InnovaQor, Inc. (“InnovaQor”). HTS and AMSG held Rennova’s software and genetic testing interpretation divisions. In consideration for the shares of HTS and AMSG and the elimination of intercompany debt among the Company and HTS and AMSG, InnovaQor issued the Company 14,950 shares of its Series B Non-Voting Convertible Preferred Stock (the “InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock”), 14,000 of the shares were issued on June 25, 2021 and 950 of the shares were issued in the third quarter of 2021 as a result of a post-closing adjustment. Each share of InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock has a stated value of $1,000 and is convertible into that number of shares of InnovaQor common stock equal to the stated value divided by 90% of the average closing price of the InnovaQor common stock during the 10 trading days immediately prior to the conversion date. Conversion of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock, however, is subject to the limitation that no conversion can be made to the extent the holder’s beneficial interest (as defined pursuant to the terms of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock) in the common stock of InnovaQor would exceed 4.99%. The shares of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock may be redeemed by InnovaQor upon payment of the stated value of the shares plus any accrued declared and unpaid dividends.

As a result of the sale, the Company has recorded the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock as a long-term asset valued at $9.0 million at December 31, 2021 and a gain on the sale of HTS and AMSG of $11.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, of which $9.1 million resulted from the value of the 14,940 shares of the InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock and $2.2 million resulted from the transfer to InnovaQor of the net liabilities of HTS and AMSG. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 100 shares of InnovaQor Series B Preferred Stock valued at $60,714 were used to settle accrued interest that was due under the terms of notes payable that were issued on January 31, 2021 and February 16, 2021.

We have reflected the financial results of HTS and AMSG prior to the sale, as well as the gain on sale, as discontinued operations in our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.

During the third quarter of 2020, we announced that we had decided to sell EPIC Reference Labs, Inc., (“EPIC”) and as a result, EPIC’s operations have been included in discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We have been unable to find a buyer for EPIC and, therefore, have ceased all efforts to sell EPIC and closed down its operations.

Outlook

We believe that the transition of our business model from health information technology and diagnostics to ownership and operation of rural hospitals and related healthcare service providers is now complete and once stabilized will create more predictable and stable revenue. Rural hospitals provide a much-needed service to their local communities and reduce our reliance on commission-based sales employees to generate sales. We currently operate one hospital and a rural clinic and we own another hospital and physician’s practice at which operations are currently suspended. Owning a number of facilities in the same geographic location will create numerous efficiencies in management, purchasing and staffing and will enable the provision of additional, specialized and more valuable services that are needed by rural communities but cannot be sustained by a standalone rural hospital. We remain confident that this is a sustainable model we can continue to grow through acquisition and development. The progress of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, which is more fully discussed below, has severely affected our operations and may cause such expectations not to be achieved or, even if achieved, not to be done in the expected timeframe.

Impact of the Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our operations and we have taken steps intended to minimize the risk to our employees and patients. These steps have increased our costs and our revenues have been significantly adversely affected. As noted in Notes 1 and 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, we have received Paycheck Protection Program loans (“PPP Notes”) as well as Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Provider Relief Funds and employee retention credits from the federal government. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required. Going forward, we are unable to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect our business. The nature and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our balance sheet and results of operations will depend on the severity and length of the pandemic in our service areas; government activities to mitigate the pandemic’s effect; regulatory changes in response to the pandemic, especially those affecting rural hospitals; and existing and potential government assistance that may be provided.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the steps taken by governments to seek to reduce its spread have severely impacted the economy and the health care industry in particular. Hospitals have especially been affected. Small rural hospitals, such as ours, may be overwhelmed by patients if conditions worsen in their local areas. Staffing costs, and concerns due to the potential exposure to infections, may increase, as may the costs of needed medical supplies necessary to keep the hospitals open. Doctors and patients may defer elective procedures and other health care services. Travel bans, social distancing and quarantines may limit access to our facilities. Business closings and layoffs in our local areas may result in the loss of insurance and adversely affect demand for our services, as well as the ability of patients and other payers to pay for services as rendered.

It is hoped that the continued roll out of vaccinations will significantly reduce the risk of death and reduce transmission of the virus so that a return to more normal expectations occurs throughout the remainder of 2022. These developments have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse effect on us and the operations of our hospitals. Our plans to reopen our Jamestown Regional Medical Center, whose operations were suspended in June 2019, have been disrupted by the pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within 18 months subject to securing adequate capital.

Results of Operations

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make a number of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experiences and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We continue to monitor significant estimates made during the preparation of our financial statements. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate estimates and assumptions based upon historical experience and various other factors and circumstances.

We have identified the policies and significant estimation processes discussed below as critical to our business and to the understanding of our results of operations. For a detailed application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” including subsequently issued updates. Under the accounting guidance, we no longer present the provision for doubtful accounts as a separate line item and our revenues are presented net of estimated contract and related allowances. We also do not present “allowances for doubtful accounts” on our consolidated balance sheets.

We review our calculations for the realizability of gross revenues monthly to make certain that we are properly allowing for the uncollectable portion of our gross billings and that our estimates remain sensitive to variances and changes within our payer groups and within our service offerings. The contractual allowance calculation is made based on historical allowance rates for the various specific payer groups monthly with a greater weight being given to the most recent trends; this process is adjusted based on recent changes in underlying contract provisions, if any. This calculation is routinely analyzed by us based on actual allowances issued by payers and the actual payments made to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed.

Our revenues generally relate to contracts with patients in which our performance obligations are to provide health care services to the patients. Revenues are recorded during the period our obligations to provide health care services are satisfied. Our performance obligations for inpatient services are generally satisfied over periods that average approximately five days, and revenues are recognized based on charges incurred in relation to total expected charges. Our performance obligations for outpatient services are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payer (Medicare, Medicaid, managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by (Medicare and Medicaid) or negotiated with (managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies) the third-party payers. The payment arrangements with third-party payers for the services we provide to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than our standard charges. Medicare generally pays for inpatient and outpatient services at prospectively determined rates based on clinical, diagnostic and other factors. Services provided to patients having Medicaid coverage are generally paid at prospectively determined rates per discharge, per identified service or per covered member. Agreements with commercial insurance carriers and managed care and preferred provider organizations generally provide for payments based upon predetermined rates per diagnosis, per diem rates or discounted fee-for-service rates. Management continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals. Our net revenues are based upon the estimated amounts we expect to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care and commercial insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. Net revenues related to uninsured patients and uninsured copayment and deductible amounts for patients who have health care coverage may have discounts applied (uninsured discounts and contractual discounts). We also record estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record self-pay revenues at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare and Medicaid programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Estimated reimbursement amounts are adjusted in subsequent periods as cost reports are prepared and filed and as final settlements are determined (in relation to certain government programs, primarily Medicare, this is generally referred to as the “cost report” filing and settlement process).

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (“EMTALA”) requires any hospital participating in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency room for treatment and, if the individual is suffering from an emergency medical condition, to either stabilize the condition or make an appropriate transfer of the individual to a facility able to handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of an individual’s ability to pay for treatment. Federal and state laws and regulations require, and our commitment to providing quality patient care encourages, us to provide services to patients who are financially unable to pay for the health care services they receive. The federal poverty level is established by the federal government and is based on income and family size. The Company considers the poverty level in determining whether patients qualify for free or reduced cost of care. Because we do not pursue collection of amounts determined to qualify as charity care, they are not reported in net revenues. We provide discounts to uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid or charity care. In implementing the uninsured discount policy, we may first attempt to provide assistance to uninsured patients to help determine whether they may qualify for Medicaid, other federal or state assistance, or charity care. If an uninsured patient does not qualify for these programs, the uninsured discount is applied.

The collection of outstanding receivables for Medicare, Medicaid, managed care payers, other third-party payers and patients is our primary source of cash and is critical to our operating performance. The primary collection risks relate to uninsured patient accounts, including patient accounts for which the primary insurance carrier has paid the amounts covered by the applicable agreement, but patient responsibility amounts (deductibles and copayments) remain outstanding. Implicit price concessions relate primarily to amounts due directly from patients. Estimated implicit price concessions are recorded for all uninsured accounts, regardless of the aging of those accounts. Accounts are written off when all reasonable internal and external collection efforts have been performed. The estimates for implicit price concessions are based upon management’s assessment of historical write offs and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in federal, state and private employer health care coverage and other collection indicators. Management relies on the results of detailed reviews of historical write-offs and collections at facilities that represent a majority of our revenues and accounts receivable (the “hindsight analysis”) as a primary source of information in estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable. We perform the hindsight analysis quarterly, utilizing rolling accounts receivable collection and write off data. We believe our quarterly updates to the estimated contractual allowance amounts and to the estimated implicit price concessions at each of our facilities provide reasonable estimates of our net revenues and valuation of our accounts receivable.

Contractual Allowances and Doubtful Accounts Policy

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of contractual allowances and estimated implicit price concessions (also referred to as doubtful accounts), which are estimated and recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company has a standardized approach to estimating and reviewing the collectability of its receivables based on a number of factors, including the period they have been outstanding. Historical collection and payer reimbursement experience is an integral part of the estimation process related to contractual allowances and doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company regularly assesses the state of its billing operations in order to identify issues which may impact the receivables or reserve estimates. Receivables deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts at the time such receivables are written-off. Recoveries of receivables previously written-off are recorded as credits to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Revisions to the allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded as an adjustment to revenues.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets

The Company accounts for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets according to Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment (“ASC 360”). ASC 360 clarifies the accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, including the disposal of business segments and major lines of business. Long-lived assets are reviewed when facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. When necessary, impaired assets are written down to estimated fair value based on the best information available. Estimated fair value is generally based on either appraised value or measured by discounting estimated future cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates.

Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” the Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as risks inherent in valuation techniques, transfer restrictions and credit risk. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Derivative Financial Instruments

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11 “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815).” The amendments in Part I of this Update change the classification analysis of certain equity-linked financial instruments (or embedded features) with down round features. When determining whether certain financial instruments should be classified as liabilities or equity instruments, a down round feature no longer precludes equity classification when assessing whether the instrument is indexed to an entity’s own stock. The amendments also clarify existing disclosure requirements for equity-classified instruments. As a result, a freestanding equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded conversion option) no longer would be accounted for as a derivative liability at fair value as a result of the existence of a down round feature. For freestanding equity classified financial instruments, the amendments require entities that present earnings (loss) per share (EPS) in accordance with Topic 260 to recognize the effect of the down round feature when it is triggered. That effect is treated as a dividend and as a reduction of income available to common stockholders in basic EPS. Convertible instruments with embedded conversion options that have down round features are now subject to the specialized guidance for contingent beneficial conversion features (in Subtopic 470-20, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options), including related EPS guidance (in Topic 260).

Deemed dividends associated with down round provisions represent the economic transfer of value to holders of equity-classified freestanding financial instruments when certain down round provisions (commonly referred to as “ratchets”) are triggered. These deemed dividends are presented as a reduction in net income or an increase in net loss available to common stockholders and a corresponding increase to additional paid-in-capital resulting in no change to stockholders’ equity/deficit.

Year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020

The following table summarizes the results of our consolidated continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

Net Revenues

Net revenues were $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, a decrease of $4.0 million. Net revenues from Big South Fork Medical Center decreased by approximately $1.8 million in 2021 compared to 2020. We attribute the decrease in net revenues from Big South Fork Medical Center primarily to reduced inpatient activity and to adjustments for contractual allowances and estimated implicit price concessions during 2021. In addition, approximately $2.1 million of the decrease was from Jellico Community Hospital. We closed Jellico Community Hospital on March 1, 2021 after the city of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building.

Net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 included estimated implicit price concessions of $7.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively, for doubtful accounts and $25.6 million and $45.5 million, respectively, for contractual allowances.

Direct Costs of Revenues

Direct costs of revenue decreased by $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020. We attribute the decrease primarily to the closure of Jellico Community Hospital on March 1, 2021. As a percentage of net revenues, direct costs increased slightly to 164.2% in 2021 compared to 163.7% in the comparable 2020 period.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased by $4.2 million, or 35.6%, in the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020. General and administrative expenses decreased primarily as a result of the closure of Jellico Community Hospital on March 1, 2021 and a reduction of general and administrative expenses for Big South Fork Medical Center. As a percentage of net revenues, general and administrative expenses increased from 162.0% to 232.9% due to the fixed nature of many general and administrative expenses.

Asset Impairments

We recorded an asset impairment charge of $2.3 million as of December 31, 2021 for Jamestown Regional Medical Center’s building. In determining the fair value of Jamestown Regional Medical Center’s building, the impairment reflected the changed condition of the building that has not been in use since operations were suspended in June 2019. As a result of the closure of Jellico Community Hospital on March 1, 2021, we determined that the hospital’s intangible asset, which was a certificate of need valued at $250,000, was impaired as of December 31, 2020.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $0.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in 2021 was primarily due to the write-off of certain assets associated with Jellico Community Hospital resulting from its closure on March 1, 2021 and to certain assets being fully depreciated during 2021.

Loss from Continuing Operations Before Other Income (Expense) and Income Taxes

Our loss from continuing operations before other income (expense) and income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $12.5 million compared to a loss of $17.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. We attribute the decrease in the operating loss primarily to the closure of Jellico Community Hospital on March 1, 2021. Jellico had been operating at a loss since it was acquired in March 2019. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in asset impairment. Asset impairment was $2.3 million in 2021 versus $250,000 in 2020.

Other Income, net

Other income, net of $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 consisted primarily of $4.4 million of income from HHS Provider Relief Funds and $1.5 million of income from employee retention federal tax credits, partially offset by $0.4 million in penalties associated with non-payment of payroll taxes and $0.3 million of loss on disposal of equipment and inventory. Other income, net of $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 included $8.0 million of income from HHS Provider Relief Funds, partially offset by $1.4 million in penalties associated with non-payment of payroll taxes and $1.2 million of loss on the sale of accounts receivable under a sales agreement.

Gain from Extinguishment of Debt

We recorded gain from extinguishment of debt of $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, which resulted from the forgiveness of PPP Notes during the period. We recorded a $2.0 million gain from extinguishment of debt during the year ended December 31, 2020, which resulted from exchange, redemption and forbearance agreements that we entered into on August 31, 2020. Under these agreements preferred stock and debentures and associated accrued interest were exchanged for shares of the Company’s Series N Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series N Preferred Stock”).

Gain from Legal Settlements

The gain from legal settlements was $3.3 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The gain from legal settlements of $3.3 million for 2021 resulted primarily from: (i) a gain of $0.6 million from the settlements of obligations under accounts receivable sale agreements, (ii) a gain of $2.2 million from the settlement of obligations under a debenture, and (iii) a gain of $0.3 million pursuit to the settlement of obligations owed under professional services agreements. We settled several legal proceedings during the year ended December 31, 2020, which resulted in a net gain from legal settlements of $0.7 million. The settlement of obligations under a financing lease for property and equipment resulted in $0.9 million of the gain and we recorded $0.2 million in gains from other settlements. Partially offsetting the gains from legal settlements in 2020 was a $0.4 million loss from a legal settlement related to a lawsuit by certain employees against the Company.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $3.2 million compared to $9.8 million in 2020. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 included $3.1 million for interest on past due debentures and notes payable and $0.1 million for interest on loans from a former member of our Board of Directors. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 included $6.3 million for interest on past due debentures and note payable, $2.1 million for interest associated with loans from a former member of our Board of Directors and approximately $1.2 million of interest expense on notes payable and finance lease obligations. The decrease in interest expense in 2021 as compared to 2020 was due primarily to the June 30, 2020 exchange of loans from a former member of our Board of Directors for preferred stock and the exchange of debentures on August 31, 2020 for preferred stock, as well as a reduction in the rate of interest charged on certain debentures under the terms of the August 2020 exchange. Also, attributing to the decrease in interest expense in 2021 was the exchange of debentures and notes payable for preferred stock in November 2021.

Benefit from Income Taxes

We incurred an income tax provision of $0.2 million and an income tax benefit of $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the U.S. Congress approved the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act allows a five-year carryback privilege for federal net operating tax losses that arose in a tax year beginning in 2018 and through 2020. As a result, during the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded approximately $1.1 million in income tax refunds from the carryback of certain of our federal net operating losses. In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded an additional $0.3 million of income tax benefits resulting from carryback adjustments related to prior years, partially offset by $0.1 million for the provision for state income taxes.

Net Loss from Continuing Operations

The net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $5.3 million compared to a loss of $17.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease in the net loss in 2021 compared to 2020 was primarily due to: (i) a decrease in the loss from continuing operations before other income (expense) and income taxes of $4.7 million, (ii) $1.5 million of other income from federal employee retention tax credits, (iii) a $3.3 million gain from legal settlements in 2021 compared to a $0.7 million gain from legal settlements in 2020, (iv) a decrease in interest expense of $6.7 million in 2021 compared to 2020, and (v) a loss on sales of accounts receivable under a sales agreement of $1.2 million in 2020. Partially offsetting the decrease in the net loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 was a reduction in income of $3.6 million from HHS Provider Relief Funds in 2021 compared to 2020 and a provision for income taxes of $0.2 million for 2021 compared to a benefit from income taxes of $1.3 million in 2020, among other items.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we financed our operations from issuances of preferred stock, notes payable, loans from Christopher Diamantis, a former member of our Board of Directors, and the sale of accounts receivable under sales agreements. Also, during the year ended December 31, 2020, we received approximately $2.4 million from PPP Notes and during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we received approximately $0.9 million and $12.5 million, respectively, from HHS Provider Relief Funds, of which $8.0 million was recognized as other income in the year ended December 31, 2020 and $4.4 million was recognized as other income in the year ended December 31, 2021. The PPP Notes and associated accrued interest are forgivable as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, benefits, rent and utilities, and maintains its payroll levels. As of December 31, 2021, $2.0 million of the PPP Notes has been forgiven. In January 2022, an additional $0.3 million of the PPP Notes was forgiven. The HHS Provider Relief Funds are grants, not loans, and HHS will not require repayment, but providers are restricted and the funds must be used only for grant approved purposes as more fully discussed in Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we received $1.5 million in federal employee retention credits, which we applied to outstanding past-due payroll taxes. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we received approximately $1.2 million in cash from the issuances of promissory notes and $9.0 million from the issuances of our Series O Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series O Preferred Stock”). During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, Mr. Diamantis loaned the Company $0.9 million and $7.6 million, respectively, the majority of which was used for working capital purposes. On March 11, 2022 and April 1, 2022, we received $1.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively, from issuances of our Series P Preferred Stock. On April 13, 2022, we received $0.3 million in HHS Provider Relief Funds.

On June 30, 2020, we entered into an exchange agreement with Mr. Diamantis, wherein we exchanged the amount owed to Mr. Diamantis for principal and interest on that date, which totaled $18.8 million, for shares of the Company’s Series M Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series M Preferred Stock”).

On August 31, 2020, we entered into exchange, redemption and forbearance agreements with certain institutional investors wherein the investors reduced their holdings of the Company’s debentures by approximately $19.3 million (including accrued interest and penalties) by exchanging the debentures and all of the then outstanding shares of the Company’s Series I-1 Convertible Preferred Stock and Series I-2 Convertible Preferred Stock for 30,435.52 shares of the Company’s Series N Preferred Stock.

On November 7, 2021, we entered into Exchange and Amendment Agreements (the “November 2021 Exchange Agreements”) with certain institutional investors in the Company. In the November 2021 Exchange Agreements, the investors agreed to reduce their holdings of $1.1 million stated amount of outstanding warrant promissory notes payable and $4.5 million of outstanding non-convertible debentures, plus accrued interest thereon of approximately $1.5 million, by exchanging the indebtedness and accrued interest for 8,544.870 shares of the Company’s newly-authorized Series P Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series P Preferred Stock”) with a stated value of $8,544,870. After the November 2021 Exchange Agreements, the investors continued to own approximately $8.2 million of the outstanding debentures, plus the associated accrued interest of approximately $3.3 million. In addition, pursuant to the November 2021 Exchange Agreements, the expiration dates of the March Warrants that were issued by the Company to the investors in March 2017, as more fully described in Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, were extended from March 21, 2022 to March 21, 2024.

Each of these financing transactions is more fully discussed in Notes 1, 8, 11, 12 and 18 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

On June 25, 2021, the Company sold HTS and AMSG to InnovaQor and the Company received 14,950 shares of InnovaQor’s Series B Preferred Stock with a stated value of $1,000 per share and valued at $9.1 million as consideration for the sale. In addition, $2.2 million of net liabilities of HTS and AMSG were transferred to InnovaQor. The sale is more fully discussed above under the heading, “Discontinued Operations,” and in Note 15 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Future cash needs for working capital, capital expenditures, debt obligations and potential acquisitions will require management to seek additional equity or obtain additional credit facilities. The Company and our facilities may also receive additional government assistance. The sale/issuances of additional equity will result in additional dilution to our stockholders. A portion of our cash may be used to acquire or invest in complementary businesses or products or to obtain the right to use complementary technologies. From time-to-time, in the ordinary course of business, we evaluate potential acquisitions of such businesses, products or technologies.

Going Concern and Liquidity

Under ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by ASC 205-40, this evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. Management has assessed the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with the requirement of ASC 205-40.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had a working capital deficit and a stockholders’ deficit of $41.6 million and $27.3 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021. The Company had a loss from continuing operations before other income (expense) and income taxes of approximately $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and cash used in its operating activities was $8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of the date of this report, our cash is deficient and payments for our operations in the ordinary course are not being made. The continued losses and other related factors, including past due accounts payable and payroll taxes, as well as payment defaults under the terms of certain outstanding notes payable and debentures, as more fully discussed in Notes 7 and 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months from the filing date of this report.

The Company’s accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared assuming the Company can continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations through realization of assets, and the settling of liabilities in the normal course of business. As more fully discussed in Note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, on June 25, 2021, the Company sold HTS and AMSG to InnovaQor and the Company received 14,940 shares of InnovaQor’s Series B Preferred Stock valued at $9.1 million as consideration for the sale. In addition, $2.2 million of net liabilities of HTS and AMSG were transferred to InnovaQor. The Company has reflected the assets and liabilities relating to HTS and AMSG held prior to the sale as part of discontinued operations. In addition, during 2020, the Company announced plans to sell its clinical laboratory, EPIC, and as a result, EPIC s operations have been included in discontinued operations for all periods presented. The Company has been unable to find a buyer for EPIC, and, therefore, has ceased all efforts to sell EPIC and closed down its operations during 2021.

On March 1, 2021, the Company closed Jellico Community Hospital, after the city of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building. Jellico Community Hospital had been operating at a loss since it was acquired by the Company in March 2019. The Company’s core operating businesses are now a rural hospital, CarePlus Clinic and a hospital and physician’s practice that it plans to reopen and operate. The Company’s current financial condition may make it difficult to attract and maintain adequate expertise in its management team to successfully operate these businesses.

We need to raise additional funds immediately and continue to do so until we begin to realize positive cash flow from operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our business plan, which is to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals and related service providers, raise any additional capital or secure the additional financing necessary to implement our current operating plan. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to significantly increase our revenues, reduce our operating costs and eventually achieve profitable operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

As of December 31, 2021, we were party to legal proceedings, which are presented in Note 14 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

The following table presents our capital resources as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

The following table presents the major sources and uses of cash for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

The components of cash used in operations for years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are presented in the following table:

No cash was used by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021. Cash used by investing activities of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was used to purchase $0.4 million of hospital equipment, partially offset by $0.1 million provided from the sale of property and equipment.

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 of $9.6 million included primarily $9.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of our Series O Preferred Stock, $0.9 million in loans from a former member of our Board of Directors, $0.9 million from HHS Provider Relief Funds and $1.2 million from the issuances of notes payable, partially offset by $0.9 million in payments of loans from a former member of our Board of Directors, $0.7 million in payments of notes payable and $0.5 million in payments of accounts receivable under sales agreements. Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020 totaled $17.2 million and primarily included $7.6 million in loans from a former member of our Board of Directors, $2.3 million from PPP Notes, $12.5 million from HHS Provider Relief Funds, $2.1 million from the sales of accounts receivable and $1.2 million from the issuance of an installment note payable. Partially offsetting these cash receipts were $0.9 million in payments of debentures, $1.6 million of notes payable payments, $4.2 million in payments of loans owed to a former member of our Board of Directors, $1.7 million in payments of accounts receivable under sales agreements and $0.2 million of finance lease obligation payments.

Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents

The Company had 4.2 million and 4 shares of its common stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued 9,500 shares of its common stock upon the exchange and conversions of $1.2 million of stated value of its Series M Preferred Stock and 4.2 million shares of its common stock upon the conversions of $23.5 million of stated value of its Series N Preferred Stock. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of one share of its common stock upon conversion of $0.3 million of stated value of its Series I-2 Convertible Preferred Stock and three shares of its common stock upon conversion of $1.0 million of stated value of shares of its Series N Preferred Stock.

The terms of certain of the outstanding warrants, convertible preferred stock and convertible debentures issued by the Company provide for reductions in the per share exercise prices of the warrants and the per share conversion prices of the debentures and preferred stock (if applicable and subject to a floor in certain cases), in the event that the Company issues common stock or common stock equivalents (as that term is defined in the agreements) at an effective exercise/conversion price that is less than the then exercise/conversion price of the outstanding warrants, preferred stock or debentures, as the case may be. In addition, the majority of these equity-based securities contain exercise/conversion prices that vary based upon the price of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise/conversion (see Notes 8, 11, 12 and 18 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements). These provisions have resulted in significant dilution of the Company’s common stock and have given rise to reverse splits of the Company’s common stock, including a 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split effected on July 16, 2021 and a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split effected on March 15, 2022. As a result of these down round provisions, the potential common stock equivalents, including outstanding common stock, totaled 109.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 10.2 billion at April 8, 2022.

On August 13, 2020, Mr. Diamantis entered into the Voting Agreement with the Company, Mr. Seamus Lagan and Alcimede LLC (of which Mr. Lagan, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, is the sole manager) pursuant to which Mr. Diamantis granted an irrevocable proxy to Mr. Lagan to vote the Series M Preferred Stock held by Mr. Diamantis. Mr. Diamantis has retained all other rights under the Series M Preferred Stock. Regardless of the number of shares of Series M Preferred Stock outstanding and so long as at least one share of Series M Preferred Stock is outstanding, the outstanding shares of Series M Preferred Stock shall have the number of votes, in the aggregate, equal to 51% of all votes entitled to be voted at any meeting of stockholders or action by written consent. This means that the holders of Series M Preferred Stock have sufficient votes, by themselves, to approve or defeat any proposal voted on by the Company’s stockholders, unless there is a supermajority required under applicable law.

Also, on November 5, 2021, the Company amended its Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to provide that the number of authorized shares of its common stock or preferred stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any successor provision thereto), voting together as a single class, without a separate vote of the holders of the class or classes the number of authorized shares of which are being increased or decreased unless a vote by any holders of one or more series of preferred stock is required by the express terms of any series of preferred stock pursuant to the terms thereof.

As a result of the Voting Agreement and the November 5, 2021 amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation discussed above, as of the date of filing this report, the Company believes that it has the ability to ensure that it has and or can obtain sufficient authorized shares of its common stock to cover all potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding.

Inflation

The healthcare industry is very labor intensive and salaries and benefits are subject to inflationary pressures, as are supply and other costs. The nationwide shortage of nurses and other clinical staff and support personnel has been a significant operating issue facing us and other healthcare providers. In particular, like others in the healthcare industry, we continue to experience a shortage of nurses and other clinical staff and support personnel, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. We are treating patients with COVID-19 in our facilities and, in some areas, the increased demand for care is putting a strain on our resources and staff, which has required us to utilize higher-cost temporary labor and pay premiums above standard compensation for essential workers. The length and extent of the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic are currently unknown; however, we expect such disruptions to continue. This staffing shortage may require us to further enhance wages and benefits to recruit and retain nurses and other clinical staff and support personnel or require us to hire expensive temporary personnel. Our ability to pass on increased costs associated with providing healthcare to Medicare and Medicaid patients is limited due to various federal, state and local laws which have been enacted that, in certain cases, limit our ability to increase prices.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Under SEC regulations, we are required to disclose the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors. Off-balance sheet arrangements consist of transactions, agreements or contractual arrangements to which any entity that is not consolidated with us is a party, under which we have:

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Not applicable.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Index to Financial Statements

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of Rennova Health, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Rennova Health, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operation, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its consolidated operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Consideration of the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has recognized recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations, and currently has minimal revenue producing activities. This raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans with regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Complex Financing Transactions

Description of the Matter:

As discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s financing transactions include warrants which contain down-round anti-dilution provisions. As a result, the exercise price of the warrants decreases and the warrants are revalued with each conversion of preferred stock or common stock issuance at a lower price than the warrant’s exercise price. The warrants are then revalued to their estimated fair value then recorded as a deemed dividend. Auditing management’s estimates of fair value requires a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to carefully examine to understand the true nature of the related agreements.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit:

We gained an understanding of management’s process and methodology to develop the estimates. We reviewed the underlying warrant and signed preferred stock agreements. We evaluated management’s selection of a valuation method, tested the inputs used in the Black-Scholes calculation by agreeing terms of the underlying agreements and market information to third-party sites, and recalculated the deemed dividends. The Company used a specialist to perform the calculations and we gained an understanding of the specialist’s work. We assessed the knowledge, skill, and ability of the Company’s specialist and the specialist’s relationship to the Company. We evaluated the work of the specialist as delineated above. We evaluated the adequacy of the disclosures related to these fair value measurements.

Evaluation of Revenue Recognition

Description of the Matter:

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, revenues are based upon the estimated amounts the Company expects to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care, commercial, and governmental insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements or as mandated under government payer programs. Management continually reviews the contractual allowances estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals.

Auditing management’s estimates of contractual allowances and implicit price concessions was complex and judgmental due to the significant data inputs and subjective assumptions utilized in determining related amounts.

How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit:

To test the estimated contractual allowances and implicit price concessions, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, assessing methodologies and evaluating the significant assumptions discussed above and testing the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used by the Company in its estimates. We compared the significant assumptions used by management to current industry and economic trends and considered changes, if any, to the Company’s business and other relevant factors. We also assessed the historical accuracy of management’s estimates as a source of potential corroborative or contrary evidence.

/s/ Haynie & Company

Haynie & Company

Salt Lake City, Utah

April 15, 2022

Firm ID: 457 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

RENNOVA HEALTH, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Rennova Health, Inc. (“Rennova”, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “its” or “our”) is a provider of health care services. The Company owns one operating hospital in Oneida, Tennessee, a hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee that it plans to reopen and operate, a physician’s practice in Jamestown, Tennessee that it plans to reopen and operate and a rural clinic in Kentucky. We operate in one business segment.

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Reverse Stock Splits and Increases in Authorized Shares of Common Stock

On July 31, 2020, July 16, 2021 and March 15, 2022, the Company effected a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split, a 1-for-1,000 reverse stock split and a 1-for-10,000 reverse stock split, respectively (the “Reverse Stock Splits”).

As a result of the Reverse Stock Splits, every 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on July 31, 2020, every 1,000 shares of the Company’s then outstanding common stock was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on July 16, 2021 and every 10,000 shares of the Company’s common stock then outstanding was combined and automatically converted into one share of the Company’s common stock on March 15, 2022. The conversion and exercise prices of all of the Company’s outstanding convertible preferred stock, common stock purchase warrants, stock options and convertible debentures were proportionately adjusted at the applicable reverse split ratio in accordance with the terms of such instruments.

The par value and other terms of the common stock were not affected by the Reverse Stock Splits. The authorized capital of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock were also unaffected by the Reverse Stock Splits. All share, per share and capital stock amounts and common stock equivalents presented herein have been restated where appropriate to give effect to the Reverse Stock Splits.

Effective November 5, 2021, the Company increased the authorized shares of its common stock from 10 billion to 50 billion. In addition, effective November 5, 2021, the Company filed an Amendment to its Articles of Incorporation, as amended, with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to provide that the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock or preferred stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares then outstanding) by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the stock of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, irrespective of the provisions of Section 242(b)(2) of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any successor provision thereto), voting together as a single class, without a separate vote of the holders of the class or classes the number of authorized shares of which are being increased or decreased unless a vote by any holders of one or more series of preferred stock is required by the express terms of any series of preferred stock pursuant to the terms thereof.

Effective on March 15, 2022, the Company increased the authorized shares of its common stock from 50 billion to 250 billion.

Scott County Community Hospital (d/b/a Big South Fork Medical Center)

On January 13, 2017, we closed on an asset purchase agreement to acquire certain assets related to Scott County Community Hospital, based in Oneida, Tennessee (the “Oneida Assets”). The Oneida Assets include a 52,000-square foot hospital building and a 6,300 square foot professional building on approximately 4.3 acres. Scott County Community Hospital is certified as a Critical Access Hospital (rural) with 25 beds, a 24/7 emergency department, operating rooms and a laboratory that provides a range of diagnostic services. Scott County Community Hospital closed in July 2016 in connection with the bankruptcy filing of its parent company, Pioneer Health Services, Inc. We acquired the Oneida Assets out of bankruptcy for a purchase price of $1.0 million. The hospital, which has since been renamed Big South Fork Medical Center, became operational on August 8, 2017.

Jamestown Regional Medical Center and Mountain View Physician Practice

On January 31, 2018, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement to acquire from Community Health Systems, Inc. certain assets related to an acute care hospital located in Jamestown, Tennessee, referred to as Jamestown Regional Medical Center. The purchase was completed on June 1, 2018 for a purchase price of $0.7 million. The hospital is an 85-bed facility of approximately 90,000 square feet on over eight acres of land, which offers a 24-hour emergency department with two trauma bays and seven private exam rooms, inpatient and outpatient medical services and a progressive care unit which provides telemetry services. The acquisition also included a separate physician practice known as Mountain View Physician Practice, Inc.

The Company suspended operations at the hospital and physician clinic in June 2019, as a result of the termination of the hospital’s Medicare agreement and other factors. The Company plans to reopen the hospital and physician clinic. The reopening plans have also been disrupted by the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and the timing of the reopening has been delayed. It is now intended that the re-opening process will be initiated within 18 months subject to securing adequate capital. Jamestown is located 38 miles west of Big South Fork Medical Center.

Jellico Community Hospital and CarePlus Rural Clinic

On March 5, 2019, we closed an asset purchase agreement whereby we acquired certain assets related to a 54-bed acute care hospital that offered comprehensive services located in Jellico, Tennessee known as Jellico Community Hospital and an outpatient clinic located in Williamsburg, Kentucky known as CarePlus Clinic. The hospital and the clinic and their associated assets were acquired from Jellico Community Hospital, Inc. and CarePlus Rural Health Clinic, LLC, respectively.

The CarePlus Clinic offers sophisticated testing capabilities and compassionate care, all in a modern, patient-friendly environment. Services include diagnostic imaging services, x-ray, mammography, bone densitometry, computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, physical therapy and laboratory services. The CarePlus Clinic is located 32 miles northeast of our Big South Fork Medical Center.

On March 1, 2021, the Company closed Jellico Community Hospital, after the City of Jellico issued a 30-day termination notice for the lease of the building. Our hospital in Jellico was located 33 miles east of our Big South Fork Medical Center. The closure reduced operating losses and the monthly cash deficit for the Company.

Discontinued Operations

Sale of Health Technology Solutions, Inc. and Advanced Molecular Services Group, Inc.

On June 25, 2021, the Company sold its subsidiaries, Health Technology Solutions, Inc. (“HTS”) and Advanced Molecular Services Group, Inc. (“AMSG”), including their subsidiaries, to InnovaQor, Inc. (“InnovaQor”), formerly known as VisualMED Clinical Solutions Corporation. HTS and AMSG held Rennova’s software and genetic testing interpretation divisions. The financial results of HTS and AMSG prior to the sale and the gain on sale are reflected herein as discontinued operations. The sale is more fully discussed in Note 15.

EPIC Reference Labs, Inc.

During the third quarter of 2020, we announced that we had decided to sell our last clinical laboratory, EPIC Reference Labs, Inc. (“EPIC”), and as a result, EPIC’s operations have been included in discontinued operations for all periods presented. The Company has been unable to find a buyer for EPIC and, therefore, has ceased all efforts to sell EPIC and closed down its operations.

Impact of the Pandemic

The coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our operations and we have taken steps intended to minimize the risk to our employees and patients. These steps have increased our costs and our revenues have been significantly adversely affected. Demand for hospital services has substantially decreased. As more fully discussed in Note 8, we have received Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans. We have also received Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) Provider Relief Funds and employee retention credits from the federal government as more fully discussed below. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues for a further extended period, we expect to incur significant losses and additional financial assistance may be required. Going forward, the Company is unable to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to affect its business. The nature and effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our balance sheet and results of operations will depend on the severity and length of the pandemic in our service areas; government activities to mitigate the pandemic’s effect; regulatory changes in response to the pandemic, especially those affecting rural hospitals; and existing and potential government assistance that may be provided.

HHS Provider Relief Funds

The Company received Provider Relief Funds from HHS provided to eligible healthcare providers out of the $100 billion Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund provided for in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The funds were allocated to eligible healthcare providers for expenses and lost revenue attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. As of December 31, 2021, our facilities have received approximately $13.4 million in relief funds. The fund payments are grants, not loans, and HHS will not require repayment, but the funds must be used only for grant approved purposes. Based on an analysis of the compliance and reporting requirements of the Provider Relief Funds and the impact of the pandemic on our operating results through December 31, 2021, we have recognized $12.4 million of these funds as income as of December 31, 2021 of which $4.4 million and $8.0 million was recognized as income during the years ended December 2021 and 2020, respectively. Of the remaining unrecognized amount of $1.0 million at December 31, 2021, $0.9 million is included in accrued expenses and $0.1 million is included with PPP loans in the accompanying balance sheets.

On September 19, 2020, HHS issued a Post-Payment Notice of Reporting Requirements (the “September 19, 2020 Notice”), which indicates that providers may recognize reimbursement for healthcare-related expenses, as defined therein, attributable to coronavirus that another source has not reimbursed and is not obligated to reimburse. Additionally, amounts received from HHS that are not fully expended on eligible healthcare-related expenses may be recognized as reimbursement for lost revenues, represented as a negative change in year-over-year net patient care operating income. Providers may apply payments to lost revenues up to the amount of the 2019 net gain from healthcare-related sources or, for entities that reported a negative net operating gain in 2019, receipts from HHS may be recognized up to a net zero gain/loss in 2020. On October 22, 2020, HHS issued an updated Post-Payment Notice of Reporting Requirements and a Reporting Requirements Policy Update (together, the “October 22, 2020 Notice”), which includes two primary changes: (1) the definition of lost revenue is changed to refer to the negative year-over-year difference in 2019 and 2020 actual revenue from patient care related sources as opposed to the negative year-over-year change in net patient care operating income, and (2) the definition of reporting entities is broadened to include the parent of one or more subsidiary tax identification numbers that received general distribution payments, entities having providers associated with it that provide diagnoses, testing or treatment for cases of COVID-19, or entities that can otherwise attest to the terms and conditions. As codified in the October 22, 2020 Notice, the Company’s estimate of pandemic relief funds that do not have to be reimbursed includes the allocation of certain general funds among subsidiaries. Regarding the amended definition of lost revenues, such change served to increase amounts eligible to be recognized as income, as compared to the September 19, 2020 Notice. As evidenced by the October 22, 2020 Notice, HHS’ interpretation of the underlying terms and conditions of such payments, including auditing and reporting requirements, continues to evolve. On January 15, 2021, the government issued “General and Targeted Distribution Post-Payment Notice of Reporting Requirements,” (the “January 15, 2021 Notice”), which again provides guidance on reporting instructions and use of funds. Additional guidance or new and amended interpretations of existing guidance on the terms and conditions of such payments may result in changes in the Company’s estimate of amounts for which the terms and conditions are reasonably assured of being met, and any such changes may be material. Additionally, any such changes may result in derecognition of amounts previously recognized, which may be material.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s estimate of the amount for which it is reasonably assured of meeting the underlying terms and conditions was based on, among other things, the September 19, 2020 Notice, the October 22, 2020 Notice, the January 15, 2021 Notice and the Company’s results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021. The Company believes that it was appropriate to recognize as income $4.4 million and $8.0 million of the HHS provider relief funds in 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Federal Employee Retention Credits

The CARES Act, passed by Congress on March 27, 2020, contained the employee retention credit, a refundable payroll tax credit to employers that have experienced hardship in their operations due to COVID-19. The CARES Act was amended and extended on December 27, 2020 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (the “CAA”) and in March 2021, the Internal Revenue Code was amended by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 to provide new employee retention credit provisions designed to promote employee retention and hiring. As a result, the Company received $1.5 million in employee retention credits during the year ended December 31, 2021, which the Company recognized as other income and applied to its outstanding past-due payroll tax liabilities. See Note 7 for an additional discussion of the employee retention credit.

Going Concern

Under ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by ASC 205-40, this evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. Management has assessed the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with the requirements of ASC 205-40.

At December 31, 2021, the Company had a working capital deficit and a stockholders’ deficit of $41.6 million and $27.3 million, respectively. In addition, the Company had a loss from continuing operations before other income (expense) and income taxes of approximately $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 and cash used in operating activities was $8.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. As of the date of this report, our cash is deficient and payments for our operations in the ordinary course are not being made. The continued losses and other related factors, including past due accounts payable and payroll taxes, as well as payment defaults under the terms of certain outstanding notes payable and debentures, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for 12 months from the filing date of this report.

The Company’s accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared assuming the Company can continue as a going concern, which contemplates continuity of operations through realization of assets, and the settling of liabilities in the normal course of business. As more fully discussed in Note 15, on June 25, 2021, the Company sold HTS and AMSG to InnovaQor and the Company received InnovaQor’s Series B Preferred Stock valued at $9.1 million as consideration for the sale. In addition, $2.2 million of net liabilities of HTS and AMSG were transferred to InnovaQor. The Company has reflected the assets and liabilities relating to HTS and AMSG held prior to the sale as part of discontinued operations. In addition, during 2020, the Company announced plans to sell EPIC, and as a result, EPIC’s operations have been included in discontinued operations for all periods presented. The Company has been unable to find a buyer for EPIC and, therefore, it has ceased all efforts to sell EPIC and closed down its operations during 2021. The Company’s current financial condition may make it difficult to attract and maintain adequate expertise in its management team to successfully operate its remaining healthcare facilities.

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to achieve its business plan, which is to acquire and operate clusters of rural hospitals and related healthcare service providers, raise any additional capital or secure the additional financing necessary to implement its current operating plan. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to raise adequate capital to fund its operations and repay its outstanding debt and other past due obligations, fully align its operating costs, increase its revenues, and eventually gain profitable operations. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if the Company is unable to continue as a going concern.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in accordance with Regulation S-X of the SEC. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Rennova Health, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Comprehensive Loss

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, comprehensive loss was equal to the net loss amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include the estimates of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, including hospital acquisitions, reserves, contractual allowances and write-downs related to receivables, the recoverability of long-lived assets, stock based compensation, the valuation allowance relating to the Company’s deferred tax assets, valuation of investments, equity and derivative instruments, income from HHS Provider Relief Funds, deemed dividends and debt discounts, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates and would impact future results of operations and cash flows.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid temporary cash investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” including subsequently issued updates. Under the accounting guidance, we no longer present the provision for doubtful accounts as a separate line item and our revenues are presented net of estimated contract and related allowances. We also do not present “allowances for doubtful accounts” on our consolidated balance sheets.

We review our calculations for the realizability of gross service revenues monthly to make certain that we are properly allowing for the uncollectable portion of our gross billings and that our estimates remain sensitive to variances and changes within our payer groups. The contractual allowance calculation is made based on historical allowance rates for the various specific payer groups monthly with a greater weight being given to the most recent trends; this process is adjusted based on recent changes in underlying contract provisions. This calculation is routinely analyzed by us based on actual allowances issued by payers and the actual payments made to determine what adjustments, if any, are needed.

Our revenues generally relate to contracts with patients in which our performance obligations are to provide health care services to the patients. Revenues are recorded during the period our obligations to provide health care services are satisfied. Our performance obligations for inpatient services are generally satisfied over periods that average approximately five days, and revenues are recognized based on charges incurred in relation to total expected charges. Our performance obligations for outpatient services are generally satisfied over a period of less than one day. The contractual relationships with patients, in most cases, also involve a third-party payer (Medicare, Medicaid, managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies, including plans offered through the health insurance exchanges) and the transaction prices for the services provided are dependent upon the terms provided by (Medicare and Medicaid) or negotiated with (managed care health plans and commercial insurance companies) the third-party payers. The payment arrangements with third-party payers for the services we provide to the related patients typically specify payments at amounts less than our standard charges. Medicare generally pays for inpatient and outpatient services at prospectively determined rates based on clinical, diagnostic and other factors. Services provided to patients having Medicaid coverage are generally paid at prospectively determined rates per discharge, per identified service or per covered member. Agreements with commercial insurance carriers, managed care and preferred provider organizations generally provide for payments based upon predetermined rates per diagnosis, per diem rates or discounted fee-for-service rates. Management continually reviews the contractual estimation process to consider and incorporate updates to laws and regulations and the frequent changes in managed care contractual terms resulting from contract renegotiations and renewals. Our revenues are based upon the estimated amounts we expect to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual allowances under managed care and commercial insurance plans are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. Revenues related to uninsured patients and uninsured copayment and deductible amounts for patients who have health care coverage may have discounts applied (uninsured discounts and contractual discounts). We also record estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record self-pay revenues at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Laws and regulations governing the Medicare and Medicaid programs are complex and subject to interpretation. Estimated reimbursement amounts are adjusted in subsequent periods as cost reports are prepared and filed and as final settlements are determined (in relation to certain government programs, primarily Medicare, this is generally referred to as the “cost report” filing and settlement process). There were no adjustments to estimated Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement amounts and disproportionate-share funds related primarily to cost reports filed during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (“EMTALA”) requires any hospital participating in the Medicare program to conduct an appropriate medical screening examination of every person who presents to the hospital’s emergency room for treatment and, if the individual is suffering from an emergency medical condition, to either stabilize the condition or make an appropriate transfer of the individual to a facility able to handle the condition. The obligation to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions exists regardless of an individual’s ability to pay for treatment. Federal and state laws and regulations require, and our commitment to providing quality patient care encourages, us to provide services to patients who are financially unable to pay for the health care services they receive. The federal poverty level is established by the federal government and is based on income and family size. The Company considers the poverty level in determining whether patients qualify for free or reduced cost of care. Because we do not pursue collection of amounts determined to qualify as charity care, they are not reported in revenues. We provide discounts to uninsured patients who do not qualify for Medicaid or charity care. In implementing the uninsured discount policy, we may first attempt to provide assistance to uninsured patients to help determine whether they may qualify for Medicaid, other federal or state assistance, or charity care. If an uninsured patient does not qualify for these programs, the uninsured discount is applied.

The collection of outstanding receivables for Medicare, Medicaid, managed care payers, other third-party payers and patients is our primary source of cash and is critical to our operating performance. The primary collection risks relate to uninsured patient accounts, including patient accounts for which the primary insurance carrier has paid the amounts covered by the applicable agreement, but patient responsibility amounts (deductibles and copayments) remain outstanding. Implicit price concessions relate primarily to amounts due directly from patients. Estimated implicit price concessions are recorded for all uninsured accounts, regardless of the aging of those accounts. Accounts are written off when all reasonable internal and external collection efforts have been performed. The estimates for implicit price concessions are based upon management’s assessment of historical write offs and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in federal, state and private employer health care coverage and other collection indicators. Management relies on the results of detailed reviews of historical write-offs and collections at facilities that represent a majority of our revenues and accounts receivable (the “hindsight analysis”) as a primary source of information in estimating the collectability of our accounts receivable. We perform the hindsight analysis quarterly, utilizing rolling twelve-months accounts receivable collection and write off data. We believe our quarterly updates to the estimated contractual allowance amounts at each of our hospital facilities provide reasonable estimates of our revenues and valuations of our accounts receivable.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, estimated contractual allowances of $25.6 million and $45.5 million, respectively, and estimated implicit price concessions of $7.7 million and $7.1 million, respectively, have been recorded as reductions to our accounts receivable balances to enable us to record our revenues and accounts receivable at the estimated amounts we expect to collect.

Contractual Allowances and Doubtful Accounts Policy

Accounts receivable are reported at realizable value, net of contractual allowances and estimated implicit price concessions (also referred to as doubtful accounts), which are estimated and recorded in the period the related revenue is recorded. The Company has a standardized approach to estimating and reviewing the collectability of its receivables based on a number of factors, including the period they have been outstanding. Historical collection and payer reimbursement experience is an integral part of the estimation process related to contractual allowances and doubtful accounts. In addition, the Company regularly assesses the state of its billing operations in order to identify issues which may impact the receivables or reserve estimates. Receivables deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts at the time such receivables are written-off. Recoveries of receivables previously written-off are recorded as credits to the allowance for doubtful accounts. Revisions to the allowances for doubtful accounts are recorded as an adjustment to revenues. As required by Topic 606, after estimated implicit price concessions and contractual and related allowance adjustments to revenues of $33.3 million and $52.6 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we reported net revenues of $3.2 million and $7.2 million, respectively. We continue to review the provisions for implicit price concessions and contractual allowances. See Note 4 – Accounts Receivable and Income Tax Refunds Receivable.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets