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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC. - Quarter Report: 2019 June (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
 _________________________________________________________
(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                  to                     
Commission File Number: 1-14267
_________________________________________________________ 
REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________________________________ 
Delaware65-0716904
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
18500 North Allied Way85054
Phoenix,Arizona
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (480) 627-2700
_________________________________________________________ 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareRSGNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
þ
Accelerated filer
¨
Smaller reporting company

Non-accelerated filer
¨
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  þ
As of July 18, 2019, the registrant had outstanding 320,751,272 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (excluding treasury shares of 32,231,845).


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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
INDEX
 
Item 1.
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except per share data)
June 30,December 31,
20192018
 (Unaudited) 
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$72.5 $70.5 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts and other of $33.1 and $34.3, respectively1,147.0 1,102.7 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets254.6 391.2 
Total current assets1,474.1 1,564.4 
Restricted cash and marketable securities119.2 108.1 
Property and equipment, net8,093.6 8,020.1 
Goodwill11,497.7 11,400.1 
Other intangible assets, net125.8 106.5 
Other assets686.4 417.8 
Total assets$21,996.8 $21,617.0 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$719.6 $761.5 
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt1,561.3 690.7 
Deferred revenue331.3 338.7 
Accrued landfill and environmental costs, current portion142.3 130.6 
Accrued interest75.3 68.5 
Other accrued liabilities741.2 728.6 
Total current liabilities3,571.0 2,718.6 
Long-term debt, net of current maturities6,883.9 7,646.8 
Accrued landfill and environmental costs, net of current portion1,709.8 1,701.6 
Deferred income taxes and other long-term tax liabilities, net1,060.5 1,028.3 
Insurance reserves, net of current portion264.5 270.8 
Other long-term liabilities551.9 321.4 
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50 shares authorized; none issued— — 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 750 shares authorized; 353.0 and 351.9 issued and outstanding, respectively3.5 3.5 
Additional paid-in capital4,960.7 4,924.9 
Retained earnings4,987.9 4,750.5 
Treasury stock, at cost; 32.2 and 29.4 shares, respectively(2,003.1)(1,782.6)
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax3.9 30.8 
Total Republic Services, Inc. stockholders’ equity7,952.9 7,927.1 
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiary2.3 2.4 
Total stockholders’ equity7,955.2 7,929.5 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$21,996.8 $21,617.0 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in millions, except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 2019201820192018
Revenue$2,605.3 $2,517.8 $5,075.9 $4,945.2 
Expenses:
Cost of operations1,617.0 1,577.2 3,123.1 3,047.0 
Depreciation, amortization and depletion264.2 255.5 515.8 518.6 
Accretion20.5 20.2 40.9 40.6 
Selling, general and administrative264.5 252.9 530.9 514.0 
Loss (gain) on disposition of assets and asset impairments, net0.2 — 0.5 (0.7)
Restructuring charges1.5 3.8 4.5 13.3 
Operating income437.4 408.2 860.2 812.4 
Interest expense(98.5)(96.5)(198.9)(191.3)
Loss from unconsolidated equity method investment(11.5)(0.1)(23.1)(0.1)
Loss on extinguishment of debt— (0.3)— (0.3)
Interest income1.4 0.2 3.3 0.4 
Other (expense) income, net(0.2)1.1 (0.1)2.2 
Income before income taxes328.6 312.6 641.4 623.3 
Provision for income taxes77.7 76.9 155.6 149.7 
Net income250.9 235.7 485.8 473.6 
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiary
0.6 (0.8)(0.1)(1.0)
Net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc.$251.5 $234.9 $485.7 $472.6 
Basic earnings per share attributable to Republic Services, Inc. stockholders:
Basic earnings per share$0.78 $0.72 $1.51 $1.44 
Weighted average common shares outstanding321.7 327.4 322.0 329.0 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Republic Services, Inc. stockholders:
Diluted earnings per share$0.78 $0.71 $1.50 $1.43 
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding
322.8 328.8 323.1 330.5 
Cash dividends per common share$0.375 $0.345 $0.750 $0.690 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
 
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019201820192018
Net income$250.9 $235.7 $485.8 $473.6 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Hedging activity:
Settlements
— 23.8 — 24.4 
Realized gain reclassified into earnings(0.2)(0.8)(0.3)(1.0)
Unrealized (loss) gain(19.9)(11.9)(31.2)6.8 
Pension activity:
Change in funded status of pension plan obligations
(0.8)— (0.8)— 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(20.9)11.1 (32.3)30.2 
Comprehensive income230.0 246.8 453.5 503.8 
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interests0.6 (0.8)(0.1)(1.0)
Comprehensive income attributable to Republic Services, Inc.$230.6 $246.0 $453.4 $502.8 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)

Republic Services, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalRetained EarningsTreasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of TaxNon-controlling
Interests In Consolidated Subsidiary
SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2018 351.9 $3.5 $4,924.9 $4,750.5 (29.4)$(1,782.6)$30.8 $2.4 $7,929.5 
Adoption of accounting standard— — — (5.4)— — 5.4 — — 
Net income— — — 234.2 — — — 0.7 234.9 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — (11.4)— (11.4)
Cash dividends declared— — — (120.7)— — — — (120.7)
Issuances of common stock0.9 — 7.7 — (0.2)(16.8)— — (9.1)
Stock-based compensation— — 12.0 (1.1)— — — — 10.9 
Purchase of common stock for treasury— — — — (1.5)(111.5)— — (111.5)
Balance as of March 31, 2019352.8 3.5 4,944.6 4,857.5 (31.1)(1,910.9)24.8 3.1 7,922.6 
Net income— — — 251.5 — — — (0.6)250.9 
Other comprehensive loss— — — — — — (20.9)— (20.9)
Cash dividends declared— — — (120.2)— — — — (120.2)
Issuances of common stock0.2 — 6.3 — — (0.3)— — 6.0 
Stock-based compensation— — 9.8 (0.9)— — — — 8.9 
Purchase of common stock for treasury— — — — (1.1)(91.9)— — (91.9)
Distributions paid— — — — — — — (0.2)(0.2)
Balance as of June 30, 2019353.0 $3.5 $4,960.7 $4,987.9 (32.2)$(2,003.1)$3.9 $2.3 $7,955.2 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.


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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - (CONTINUED)
(in millions)

Republic Services, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
Common StockAdditional Paid-In CapitalRetained EarningsTreasury StockAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of TaxNon-controlling
Interests In Consolidated Subsidiary
SharesAmountSharesAmountTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2017350.1 $3.5 $4,839.6 $4,152.5 (18.4)$(1,059.4)$22.6 $2.3 $7,961.1 
Adoption of accounting standard, net of tax— — — 33.4 — — — — 33.4 
Net income— — — 237.7 — — — 0.2 237.9 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 19.1 — 19.1 
Cash dividends declared— — — (113.3)— — — — (113.3)
Issuances of common stock1.0 — 20.6 — (0.3)(19.3)— — 1.3 
Stock-based compensation— — 11.4 (1.0)— — — — 10.4 
Purchase of common stock for treasury— — — — (3.8)(235.6)— — (235.6)
Balance as of March 31, 2018351.1 3.5 4,871.6 4,309.3 (22.5)(1,314.3)41.7 2.5 7,914.3 
Net income— — — 234.9 — — — 0.8 235.7 
Other comprehensive income— — — — — — 11.1 — 11.1 
Cash dividends declared— — — (112.4)— — — — (112.4)
Issuances of common stock0.3 — 7.1 — — (0.2)— — 6.9 
Stock-based compensation— — 9.7 (0.9)— — — — 8.8 
Purchase of common stock for treasury— — — — (3.3)(215.0)— — (215.0)
Distributions paid— — — — — — — (0.6)(0.6)
Balance as of June 30, 2018351.4 $3.5 $4,888.4 $4,430.9 (25.8)$(1,529.5)$52.8 $2.7 $7,848.8 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
 Six Months Ended June 30,
 20192018
Cash provided by operating activities:
Net income$485.8 $473.6 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization, depletion and accretion556.7 559.2 
Non-cash interest expense23.3 21.4 
Restructuring related charges4.5 13.3 
Stock-based compensation20.1 19.9 
Deferred tax provision 40.3 52.4 
Provision for doubtful accounts, net of adjustments15.9 13.6 
Loss on extinguishment of debt— 0.3 
(Gain) loss on disposition of assets and asset impairments, net(0.2)0.6 
Environmental adjustments(10.3)2.5 
Loss from unconsolidated equity method investment23.1 0.1 
Other non-cash items(0.8)0.5 
Change in assets and liabilities, net of effects from business acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable(53.0)(17.7)
Prepaid expenses and other assets101.3 48.0 
Accounts payable12.8 30.7 
Restructuring expenditures(6.5)(12.6)
Capping, closure and post-closure expenditures(23.8)(22.1)
Remediation expenditures(17.8)(21.2)
Other liabilities(35.8)(2.6)
Proceeds from retirement of certain hedging relationships— 31.1 
Cash provided by operating activities1,135.6 1,191.0 
Cash used in investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment(588.7)(542.1)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment7.9 4.3 
Cash used in acquisitions and investments, net of cash and restricted cash acquired(178.9)(69.3)
Cash received from business divestitures(0.2)1.1 
Purchases of restricted marketable securities(8.2)(32.1)
Sales of restricted marketable securities7.8 31.9 
Other(2.3)0.2 
Cash used in investing activities(762.6)(606.0)
Cash used in financing activities:
Proceeds from notes payable and long-term debt, net of fees2,284.2 2,418.7 
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes, net of discount and fees— 781.9 
Payments of notes payable and long-term debt and senior notes(2,194.2)(3,133.8)
Issuances of common stock, net(3.1)8.2 
Purchases of common stock for treasury(202.5)(474.0)
Cash dividends paid(241.7)(227.7)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiary(0.2)(0.6)
Other(5.1)(4.1)
Cash used in financing activities(362.6)(631.4)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents10.4 (46.4)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of year133.3 179.1 
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at end of period$143.7 $132.7 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Republic Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries (also referred to collectively as Republic, the Company, we, us, or our), is the second largest provider of non-hazardous solid waste collection, transfer, recycling, disposal and energy services in the United States, as measured by revenue. We manage and evaluate our operations through two field groups, Group 1 and Group 2, which we have identified as our reportable segments.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Republic Services, Inc. and its wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). We account for investments in entities in which we do not have a controlling financial interest under either the equity method or cost method of accounting, as appropriate. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
We have prepared these unaudited consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information related to our organization, significant accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP has been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments that, unless otherwise disclosed, are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results you can expect for a full year. You should read these financial statements in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
For comparative purposes, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. All dollar amounts in tabular presentations are in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted.
Management’s Estimates and Assumptions
In preparing our financial statements, we make numerous estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these financial statements and accompanying notes. We must make these estimates and assumptions because certain information we use is dependent on future events, cannot be calculated with a high degree of precision from data available or simply cannot be readily calculated based on generally accepted methodologies. In preparing our financial statements, the more critical and subjective areas that deal with the greatest amount of uncertainty relate to our accounting for our long-lived assets, including recoverability, development costs, and final capping, closure and post-closure costs; our valuation allowances for accounts receivable and deferred tax assets; our liabilities for potential litigation, claims and assessments; our liabilities for environmental remediation, multiemployer pension funds, employee benefit plans, deferred taxes, uncertain tax positions, and insurance reserves; and our estimates of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in any acquisition. Each of these items is discussed in more detail in our description of our significant accounting policies in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Our actual results may differ significantly from our estimates.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)


New Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Adopted
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the following accounting standard updates (ASUs) as issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB):
ASUEffective Date
ASU 2016-02Leases (Topic 842)January 1, 2019
ASU 2017-12
Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities
January 1, 2019
ASU 2018-16Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge AccountingJanuary 1, 2019
ASU 2018-02
Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
January 1, 2019
ASU 2018-07
Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
January 1, 2019
ASU 2018-15Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service ContractJanuary 1, 2019
Leases
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASC 842 or the new leasing standard) using the optional transition method prescribed by ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. Upon adoption of the new leasing standard, we recognized a right-of-use asset and a right-of-use liability for leases classified as operating leases in our consolidated balance sheet. We applied the package of practical expedients to leases that commenced before the effective date whereby we elected to not reassess the following: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; (ii) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) initial direct costs for any existing leases.
To assist in quantifying the impact on our consolidated financial statements and supplementing our existing disclosures, we designed internal controls over the adoption and implemented a software solution to manage and account for our leases. As of January 1, 2019, we recognized a right-of-use liability for our operating leases of $256.3 million classified as other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities and a corresponding right-of-use asset of $236.2 million classified as other long-term assets in our consolidated balance sheet. The right-of-use asset reflects adjustments for certain favorable or unfavorable leases recognized through acquisitions, prepaid or accrued rent, asset impairments and lease incentives, including but not limited to cash incentives, rent abatement or leasehold improvements paid by the lessor. We did not recognize a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019 as the standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of income. In addition, the standard did not have a material impact on our accounting for finance (capital) leases.
We assessed the disclosure requirements under the new leasing standard as part of our adoption. Refer to Note 4, Other Assets, Note 5, Other Liabilities, and Note 8, Leases, included herein for our enhanced supplemental disclosures.
Derivatives and Hedging
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the FASB's ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (ASU 2017-12). We adopted the new guidance over income statement presentation and enhanced disclosures prospectively, and we adopted the guidance over the elimination of the separate measurement of ineffectiveness on a modified retrospective basis to existing hedging relationships as of the date of adoption. Prior to adoption, the net periodic earnings of our fair value hedges were presented within other income, net in our consolidated statement of income and are now presented within interest expense in our consolidated statement of income, i.e. the same line item as the effect of the hedged item. Our adoption of ASU 2017-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2019, in conjunction with ASU 2017-12, we adopted the FASB's ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting (ASU 2018-16) on a prospective basis. LIBOR is expected to no longer be published by 2021. Consequently, the FASB added the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate in order to facilitate the LIBOR to SOFR transition and provide sufficient lead time for entities to prepare for changes to interest rate risk hedging strategies for both risk management and hedge accounting purposes. We are developing a plan to transition our interest rate
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)


swaps from LIBOR to SOFR. Our adoption of ASU 2018-16 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Reclassifications of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the FASB's ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2018-02). The amendments eliminate the stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act). The amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, and the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. Consequently, we reclassified $5.4 million of stranded tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.
Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the FASB's ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (ASU 2018-07). ASU 2018-07 simplifies several aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions resulting from expanding the scope of Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. We will apply the guidance prescribed by this update on a prospective basis. Our adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
Effective January 1, 2019, we early adopted the FASB's ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) No. 2018-15 Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (ASU 2018-15) using a prospective approach. In accordance with the standard, we present capitalized implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract as other assets on our consolidated balance sheet. This presentation is consistent with the presentation of the prepayment of fees for the hosting arrangement. Historically, implementation costs were presented as a component of property and equipment, net.
As of January 1, 2019, we reclassified $28.7 million of capitalized implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract from property and equipment, net to other assets on our consolidated balance sheet. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we recognized $8.2 million and $16.3 million, respectively, of amortization expense for the prepayment of fees and capitalized implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement as a component of depreciation, amortization and depletion in our consolidated statement of income. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recognized $10.2 million of payments for capitalized implementation costs in the same manner as payments made for fees associated with the hosting arrangement as a component of cash provided by operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows.
Accounting Standards Issued but not yet Adopted
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 will replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (ASU 2018-13). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)


Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20) Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans (ASU 2018-14). ASU 2018-14 removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. Although narrow in scope, the amendments are considered an important part of the FASB’s efforts to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. ASU 2018-14 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. We are currently assessing the effect this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statements.
2. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS, INVESTMENTS AND RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
Acquisitions
We acquired various waste businesses during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The purchase price for these business acquisitions and the allocations of the purchase price follows:
20192018
Purchase price:
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired
$152.6 $63.6 
Contingent consideration
1.6 — 
Holdbacks
14.1 8.4 
Fair value, future minimum finance lease payments
0.7 — 
Total169.0 72.0 
Allocated as follows:
Accounts receivable
7.3 1.5 
Landfill airspace
— 22.2 
Property and equipment
36.6 12.1 
Other assets
5.3 0.1 
Inventory
— 0.2 
Accounts payable
(3.0)(0.3)
Closure and post-closure liabilities
— (1.7)
Other liabilities
(5.5)(3.9)
Fair value of tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed40.7 30.2 
Excess purchase price to be allocated$128.3 $41.8 
Excess purchase price allocated as follows:
Other intangible assets
$28.4 $10.5 
Goodwill
99.9 31.3 
Total allocated$128.3 $41.8 
The purchase price allocations are preliminary and are based on information existing at the acquisition dates. Accordingly, the purchase price allocations are subject to change. Substantially all of the goodwill and intangible assets recorded for these acquisitions are deductible for tax purposes. These acquisitions are not material to our results of operations, individually or in the aggregate. As a result, no pro forma financial information is provided.
Investments
In 2019 and 2018, we acquired non-controlling equity interests in certain limited liability companies that qualified for investment tax credits under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code. In exchange for our noncontrolling interests, we made certain capital contributions of $13.8 million and $4.0 million, which were recorded to other assets in our June 30, 2019 and 2018 consolidated balance sheets, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we also reduced the carrying value of these investments by $23.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, as a result of tax credits allocated to us, cash distributions and our share of income and loss pursuant to the terms of the limited liability company agreements.

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Restructuring Charges
In January 2018, we eliminated certain positions following the consolidation of select back-office functions, including but not limited to the integration of our National Accounts support functions into our existing corporate support functions. These changes include a reduction in administrative staffing and closing of certain office locations.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we incurred restructuring charges of $1.5 million and $4.5 million, respectively, that primarily related to upgrades to our back-office software systems. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred restructuring charges of $3.8 million and $13.3 million, respectively, that primarily consisted of severance and other employee termination benefits and the closure of offices with lease agreements with non-cancelable terms. We paid $6.5 million and $12.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to these restructuring efforts.
In 2019, we expect to incur additional restructuring charges of approximately $5 million primarily related to upgrades to our back-office software systems. Substantially all of these restructuring charges will be recorded in our corporate segment.
3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our operations through two field groups, referred to as Group 1 and Group 2.
Goodwill
A summary of the activity and balances in goodwill accounts by reporting segment follows:
Balance as of December 31, 2018AcquisitionsDivestituresAdjustments to AcquisitionsBalance as of June 30, 2019
Group 1$6,150.6 $78.0 $— $(2.3)$6,226.3 
Group 25,249.5 21.9 — — 5,271.4 
Total$11,400.1 $99.9 $— $(2.3)$11,497.7 

Other Intangible Assets, Net
Other intangible assets, net, include values assigned to customer relationships, non-compete agreements and trade names, and are amortized over periods ranging from 1 to 18 years. A summary of the activity and balances by intangible asset type follows:

 Gross Intangible AssetsAccumulated AmortizationOther Intangible Assets, Net as of June 30, 2019
 Balance as of December 31, 2018Acquisitions
Adjustments
and Other (1)
Balance as of June 30, 2019Balance as of December 31, 2018Additions Charged to Expense
Adjustments
and Other (1)
Balance as of June 30, 2019
Customer relationships, franchise and other municipal agreements
$692.4 $23.6 $— $716.0 $(607.2)$(7.6)$0.2 $(614.6)$101.4 
Non-compete agreements
37.0 6.3 0.9 44.2 (31.5)(1.8)— (33.3)10.9 
Other intangible assets
64.3 — (6.1)58.2 (48.5)(0.4)4.2 (44.7)13.5 
Total$793.7 $29.9 $(5.2)$818.4 $(687.2)$(9.8)$4.4 $(692.6)$125.8 
(1) In accordance with our adoption of the new leasing standard, we transferred $1.9 million of net favorable lease assets recognized through historical acquisitions to other assets as of January 1, 2019.

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4. OTHER ASSETS
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
A summary of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 follows:
20192018
Prepaid expenses$67.4 $75.6 
Income tax receivable64.8 187.7 
Inventories56.2 53.1 
Reinsurance receivable32.3 25.7 
Other non-trade receivables21.5 34.4 
Prepaid fees for cloud-based hosting arrangements, current7.9 10.2 
Other current assets4.5 4.5 
Total$254.6 $391.2 
Other Assets
A summary of other assets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 follows:
20192018
Right-of-use lease asset (2)
$233.1 $— 
Deferred compensation plan107.1 100.0 
Deferred contract costs and sales commissions84.4 89.2 
Reinsurance receivable77.7 68.0 
Investments63.3 73.0 
Prepaid fees and capitalized implementation costs for cloud-based hosting arrangements (1)
39.2 — 
Amounts recoverable for capping, closure and post-closure obligations32.1 30.5 
Interest rate swaps and locks11.6 12.8 
Deferred financing costs3.6 4.2 
Other34.3 40.1 
Total$686.4 $417.8 
(1) In accordance with our adoption of ASU 2018-15, capitalized implementation costs for cloud-based hosting arrangements are presented as other assets as of June 30, 2019. Similar costs are presented as a component of property and equipment, net as of December 31, 2018.
(2) Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation, for discussion regarding our adoption of ASC 842.
5. OTHER LIABILITIES
Other Accrued Liabilities
A summary of other accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 follows:
20192018
Insurance reserves, current$162.7 $152.9 
Accrued payroll and benefits146.6 205.1 
Accrued fees and taxes130.0 124.2 
Accrued dividends120.2 121.0 
Operating lease liabilities, current35.1 — 
Ceded insurance reserves, current32.3 25.7 
Interest rate swap locks31.8 — 
Accrued professional fees and legal settlement reserves9.6 13.1 
Other72.9 86.6 
Total$741.2 $728.6 
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Other Long-Term Liabilities
A summary of other long-term liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 follows:
20192018
Operating lease liabilities (1)
$217.3 $— 
Deferred compensation plan liability110.6 96.0 
Ceded insurance reserves77.7 68.0 
Contingent purchase price and acquisition holdbacks68.2 73.9 
Withdrawal liability - multiemployer pension funds12.1 12.2 
Legal settlement reserves10.0 10.0 
Pension and other post-retirement liabilities6.1 6.0 
Interest rate swap locks0.6 — 
Other49.3 55.3 
Total$551.9 $321.4 
(1) Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation, for discussion regarding our adoption of ASC 842.
6. LANDFILL AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
As of June 30, 2019, we owned or operated 190 active landfills with total available disposal capacity of approximately 5.1 billion in-place cubic yards. Additionally, we have post-closure responsibility for 129 closed landfills.
Accrued Landfill and Environmental Costs
A summary of accrued landfill and environmental liabilities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 follows:
20192018
Landfill final capping, closure and post-closure liabilities$1,330.4 $1,292.0 
Environmental remediation521.7 540.2 
Total accrued landfill and environmental costs1,852.1 1,832.2 
Less: current portion(142.3)(130.6)
Long-term portion$1,709.8 $1,701.6 
Final Capping, Closure and Post-Closure Costs
The following table summarizes the activity in our asset retirement obligation liabilities, which includes liabilities for final capping, closure and post-closure, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
20192018
Asset retirement obligation liabilities, beginning of year$1,292.0 $1,257.7 
Non-cash additions21.6 21.8 
Acquisitions, net of divestitures and other adjustments0.2 1.9 
Asset retirement obligation adjustments(0.5)(17.6)
Payments(23.8)(22.1)
Accretion expense40.9 40.6 
Asset retirement obligation liabilities, end of period1,330.4 1,282.3 
Less: current portion(76.8)(81.0)
Long-term portion$1,253.6 $1,201.3 
We review annually, in the fourth quarter, and update as necessary, our estimates of asset retirement obligation liabilities. However, if there are significant changes in the facts and circumstances related to a site during the year, we will update our assumptions prospectively in the period that we know all the relevant facts and circumstances and make adjustments as appropriate.
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The fair value of assets that are legally restricted for purposes of settling final capping, closure and post-closure liabilities was $30.1 million and $29.5 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and is included in restricted cash and marketable securities in our consolidated balance sheets.
Landfill Operating Expenses
In the normal course of business, we incur various operating costs associated with environmental compliance. These costs include, among other things, leachate treatment and disposal, methane gas and groundwater monitoring, systems maintenance, interim cap maintenance, costs associated with the application of daily cover materials, and the legal and administrative costs of ongoing environmental compliance. These costs are expensed as cost of operations in the periods in which they are incurred.
Environmental Remediation Liabilities
We accrue for remediation costs when they become probable and can be reasonably estimated. There can sometimes be a range of reasonable estimates of the costs associated with remediation of a site. In these cases, we use the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate. If no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is at the low end of the range. It is reasonably possible that we will need to adjust the liabilities recorded for remediation to reflect the effects of new or additional information, to the extent such information impacts the costs, timing or duration of the required actions. If we used the reasonably possible high ends of our ranges, our aggregate potential remediation liability as of June 30, 2019 would be approximately $369 million higher than the amount recorded. Future changes in our estimates of the cost, timing or duration of the required actions could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The following table summarizes the activity in our environmental remediation liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:
20192018
Environmental remediation liabilities, beginning of year$540.2 $564.0 
Net adjustments charged to expense(10.3)2.5 
Payments(17.8)(21.2)
Accretion expense (non-cash interest expense)9.6 10.1 
Environmental remediation liabilities, end of period521.7 555.4 
Less: current portion(65.5)(69.5)
Long-term portion$456.2 $485.9 
Bridgeton Landfill. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we paid $6.9 million related to management and monitoring of the remediation area for our closed Bridgeton Landfill in Missouri. We continue to work with state and federal regulatory agencies on our remediation efforts. From time to time, this may require us to modify our future operating timeline and procedures, which could result in changes to our expected liability. As of June 30, 2019, the remediation liability recorded for this site was $154.2 million, of which approximately $8 million is expected to be paid during the remainder of 2019. We believe the remaining reasonably possible high end of our range would be approximately $171 million higher than the amount recorded as of June 30, 2019.
West Lake Landfill Superfund Site. Our subsidiary Bridgeton Landfill, LLC is one of several currently designated Potentially Responsible Parties for the West Lake Landfill Superfund site (West Lake) in Missouri. On September 27, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Record of Decision Amendment for West Lake that includes a total undiscounted cost estimate of $229 million over a four to five-year design and construction timeline. On March 11, 2019, the EPA issued special notice letters under CERCLA to Bridgeton Landfill, LLC and the other currently designated Potentially Responsible Parties to initiate negotiations to implement the remedy. At this time we are neither able to predict the final design of that remedy, nor estimate how much of the future response costs of the site our subsidiary may agree or be required to pay. During any subsequent administrative proceedings or litigation, our subsidiary will vigorously contest liability for the costs of remediating radiologically-impacted materials generated on behalf of the federal government during the Manhattan Project and delivered to the site by an Atomic Energy Commission licensee and its subcontractor. Currently, we believe we are adequately reserved for our expected remediation liability. However, subsequent events related to remedy design, divisibility, or allocation may require us to modify our expected remediation liability.
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7. DEBT
The carrying value of our notes payable, finance leases and long-term debt as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is listed in the following table, and is adjusted for the fair value of interest rate swaps, unamortized discounts, deferred issuance costs and the unamortized portion of adjustments to fair value recorded in purchase accounting. Original issue discounts and adjustments to fair value recorded in purchase accounting are amortized to interest expense over the term of the applicable instrument using the effective interest method.
  June 30, 2019December 31, 2018
MaturityInterest RatePrincipalAdjustmentsCarrying  ValuePrincipalAdjustmentsCarrying Value
Credit facilities:
Uncommitted Credit Facility
Variable$89.0 $— $89.0 $33.4 $— $33.4 
June 2023Variable170.0 — 170.0 159.0 — 159.0 
Senior notes:
September 20195.500  650.0 (0.3)649.7 650.0 (0.9)649.1 
March 20205.000  850.0 (0.6)849.4 850.0 (1.0)849.0 
November 20215.250  600.0 (1.0)599.0 600.0 (1.2)598.8 
June 20223.550  850.0 (3.2)846.8 850.0 (3.6)846.4 
May 20234.750  550.0 3.7 553.7 550.0 (5.5)544.5 
March 20253.200  500.0 (3.9)496.1 500.0 (4.3)495.7 
June 20262.900  500.0 (4.2)495.8 500.0 (4.4)495.6 
November 20273.375  650.0 (5.5)644.5 650.0 (5.9)644.1 
May 20283.950  800.0 (16.5)783.5 800.0 (17.3)782.7 
March 20356.086  181.9 (14.2)167.7 181.9 (14.4)167.5 
March 20406.200  399.9 (3.7)396.2 399.9 (3.8)396.1 
May 20415.700  385.7 (5.3)380.4 385.7 (5.3)380.4 
Debentures:
May 20219.250  35.3 (0.6)34.7 35.3 (0.7)34.6 
September 20357.400  148.1 (33.4)114.7 148.1 (33.8)114.3 
Tax-exempt:
2020 - 20491.500 - 1.9501,072.4 (6.1)1,066.3 1,042.4 (5.6)1,036.8 
Finance leases:
2019 - 20463.070 - 12.203107.7 — 107.7 109.5 — 109.5 
Total Debt$8,540.0 $(94.8)8,445.2 $8,445.2 $(107.7)8,337.5 
Less: current portion
(1,561.3)(690.7)
Long-term portion$6,883.9 $7,646.8 
Credit Facilities
In June 2018, we entered into a $2.25 billion unsecured revolving credit facility (the Credit Facility), which replaced our $1.0 billion and $1.25 billion unsecured credit facilities that would have matured in May 2021 and June 2019, respectively. The Credit Facility matures in June 2023. We may request two one-year extensions of the maturity date but none of the lenders are committed to participate in such extension. The Credit Facility also includes a feature that allows us to increase availability, at our option, by an aggregate amount of up to $1.0 billion through increased commitments from existing lenders or the addition of new lenders. At our option, borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at a Base Rate, or a Eurodollar Rate, plus an applicable margin based on our Debt Ratings (all as defined in the Credit Facility agreement).
The Credit Facility is subject to facility fees based on applicable rates defined in the Credit Facility agreement and the aggregate commitment, regardless of usage. Availability under our Credit Facility totaled $1,701.4 million and $1,694.1 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Credit Facility can be used for working capital, capital
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expenditures, acquisitions, letters of credit and other general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility agreement requires us to comply with financial and other covenants. We may pay dividends and repurchase common stock if we are in compliance with these covenants.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had $170.0 million and $159.0 million of borrowings under our Credit Facility, respectively. We had $361.3 million and $379.6 million of letters of credit outstanding under our Credit Facility as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
We also have an Uncommitted Credit Facility, which bears interest at LIBOR, plus an applicable margin and is subject to facility fees defined in the agreement, regardless of usage. We can use borrowings under the Uncommitted Credit Facility for working capital and other general corporate purposes. The agreement governing our Uncommitted Credit Facility requires us to comply with certain covenants. The Uncommitted Credit Facility may be terminated by either party at any time. We had $89.0 million of borrowings and $33.4 million of borrowings outstanding under our Uncommitted Credit Facility as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Senior Notes and Debentures
In 2018, we issued $800.0 million of 3.950% senior notes due 2028. Our senior notes and debentures are general unsecured obligations. Interest is payable semi-annually.
Tax-Exempt Financings
During the second quarter of 2019, we refinanced $35.0 million of tax-exempt financings and issued $30.0 million of new tax-exempt financings. As of June 30, 2019, we had $1,066.3 million of certain variable rate tax-exempt financings outstanding with maturities ranging from 2020 to 2049. As of December 31, 2018, we had $1,036.8 million of certain variable rate tax-exempt financings outstanding with maturities ranging from 2019 to 2044. Approximately 100% of our tax-exempt financings are remarketed quarterly by remarketing agents to effectively maintain a variable yield. The holders of the bonds can put them back to the remarketing agents at the end of each interest period. To date, the remarketing agents have been able to remarket all of our variable rate unsecured tax-exempt bonds.
Finance Leases
We had finance lease liabilities of $107.7 million and $109.5 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, with maturities ranging from 2019 to 2046.
Interest Rate Swap and Lock Agreements
Our ability to obtain financing through the capital markets is a key component of our financial strategy. Historically, we have managed risk associated with executing this strategy, particularly as it relates to fluctuations in interest rates, by using a combination of fixed and floating rate debt. From time to time, we also have entered into interest rate swap and lock agreements to manage risk associated with interest rates, either to effectively convert specific fixed rate debt to a floating rate (fair value hedges), or to lock interest rates in anticipation of future debt issuances (cash flow hedges).
Fair Value Hedges
During the second half of 2013, we entered into various interest rate swap agreements relative to our 4.750% fixed rate senior notes due in May 2023. The goal was to reduce overall borrowing costs and rebalance our debt portfolio's ratio of fixed to floating interest rates. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, these swap agreements had a total notional value of $300.0 million and mature in May 2023, which is identical to the maturity of the hedged senior notes. We pay interest at floating rates based on changes in LIBOR and receive interest at a fixed rate of 4.750%. These transactions were designated as fair value hedges because the swaps hedge against the changes in fair value of the fixed rate senior notes resulting from changes in interest rates.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the interest rate swap agreements are reflected at their fair value of $11.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, and are included in other assets in our consolidated balance sheet. To the extent they are effective, these interest rate swap agreements are included as an adjustment to long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets.
For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized a loss of $5.5 million and a gain of $2.5 million, respectively, on the change in fair value of the hedged senior notes attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate, with an offsetting gain of $5.7 million and an offsetting loss of $2.7 million respectively, on the related interest rate swaps. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we recognized a loss of $8.9 million and a gain of $9.2 million, respectively, on the change in fair value of the hedged senior notes attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate, with an offsetting gain of
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$9.1 million and an offsetting loss of $9.5 million respectively, on the related interest rate swaps. The difference of these fair value changes for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was recorded directly in earnings as other income, net. In accordance with our adoption of ASU 2017-12, the difference of these fair value changes for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was recorded directly in earnings as an adjustment to interest expense in our consolidated statement of income.
For further detail regarding the effect of our fair value hedging on interest expense, refer to Note 12, Financial Instruments, to our unaudited consolidated financial instruments in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Cash Flow Hedges
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our interest rate lock agreements had an aggregate notional value of $875.0 million and $725.0 million, respectively, with fixed interest rates ranging from 1.900% to 3.250%. We entered into these transactions to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rates in anticipation of planned future issuances of senior notes in 2019 through 2021. Upon the expected issuance of senior notes, we will terminate the interest rate locks and settle with our counterparties. These transactions were accounted for as cash flow hedges. The fair value of our interest rate locks was determined using standard valuation models with assumptions about interest rates being based on those observed in underlying markets (Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy). The aggregate fair values of the outstanding interest rate locks as of June 30, 2019 were assets of $0.3 million, which were recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our consolidated balance sheet and liabilities of $32.4 million, which were recorded in other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2018, the aggregate fair values of the outstanding interest rate locks were assets of $10.3 million and were recorded in other assets in our consolidated balance sheet.
Total unrealized loss recognized in other comprehensive income for interest rate locks was $19.9 million and $12.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Total unrealized loss (gain) recognized in other comprehensive income for interest rate locks was $31.2 million and $(6.0) million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our previously terminated interest rate locks were recorded as components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax of $10.9 million and $11.2 million, respectively. The amortization of the terminated interest rate locks is recorded as an adjustment to interest expense over the life of the issued debt using the effective interest method. We expect to amortize approximately $0.9 million of net interest income over the next 12 months as a yield adjustment of our senior notes.
For detail regarding the effect of our cash flow hedging on interest expense, refer to Note 12, Financial Instruments, to our unaudited consolidated financial instruments in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
8. LEASES
We lease property and equipment in the ordinary course of business under various lease agreements. The most significant lease obligations are for real property and equipment specific to our industry, including property operated as a landfill or transfer station and operating equipment. Our leases have varying terms. Some may include renewal or purchase options, escalation clauses, restrictions, penalties or other obligations that we consider in determining minimum lease payments. Our lease terms include options to renew the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option.
Certain leases require payments that are variable in nature based on volume measurements, e.g. a fixed rate per ton at our landfills. In addition, certain rental payments are adjusted annually based on changes in an underlying base index such as a consumer price index. Variable lease payments are recognized in our consolidated statement of income in the period incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. We generally account for lease components separately from non-lease components.
Leases are classified as either operating leases or finance leases, as appropriate. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheet.
Operating Leases
Many of our leases are operating leases. Operating lease classification generally can be attributed to either (1) relatively low fixed minimum lease payments (including, for example, real property lease payments that are not fixed and vary based on the volume of waste we receive or process), or (2) minimum lease terms that are shorter than the asset's economic useful life. We expect that, in the ordinary course of business, our operating leases will be renewed, replaced by other leases, or replaced with capital expenditures. We recognize rent expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We recognize a right-of-use liability and right-of-use asset for leases classified as operating leases in our consolidated balance sheet upon lease commencement. The right-of-use liability represents the present value of the remaining lease payments. An
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implicit rate is often not readily available for these leases. As such, we use our incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date to determine the present value of the lease payments. Our incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment. In addition, we recognize a corresponding right-of-use asset, which represents our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. The right-of-use asset is adjusted for certain favorable or unfavorable leases recognized through acquisition, prepaid or accrued rent, asset impairments and lease incentives, including but not limited to cash incentives, rent abatement or leasehold improvements paid by the lessor.
Finance Leases
We capitalize assets acquired under finance leases at lease commencement and amortize them to depreciation expense over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the lease term on either a straight-line or a units-of-consumption basis, depending on the asset leased. We record the present value of the related lease payments as a debt obligation. Our finance lease liability relates primarily to certain long-term landfill operating agreements that require minimum lease payments with offsetting finance lease assets recorded as part of the landfill development costs.
A summary of the lease classification on our consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019 follows:
2019
Assets
Operating lease assetsOther assets $233.1 
Finance lease assetsProperty and equipment, net  119.1 
Total lease assets$352.2 
Liabilities
Current
OperatingOther accrued liabilities$35.1 
FinanceNotes payable and current maturities of long-term debt6.0 
Long-term
OperatingOther long-term liabilities217.3 
FinanceLong-term debt, net of current maturities101.7 
Total lease liabilities$360.1 
A summary of the lease cost reflected in our consolidated statement of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating lease cost
Fixed lease costCost of operations $9.2 $18.5 
Short-term lease costCost of operations10.6 20.7 
Variable lease costCost of operations 4.7 8.9 
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased assetsDepreciation amortization, and depletion1.4 2.7 
Interest on lease liabilitiesInterest expense1.8 3.7 
Variable lease costInterest expense1.3 2.7 
Total lease cost$29.0 $57.2 

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As of June 30, 2019, aggregate principal payments for operating and finance leases follows:
Operating LeasesFinance LeasesTotal
2019 (remaining)$22.4 $6.8 $29.2 
202040.0 13.4 53.4 
202136.6 13.1 49.7 
202231.6 12.5 44.1 
202330.1 37.9 68.0 
Thereafter141.9 127.3 269.2 
Total lease payments302.6 211.0 513.6 
Less: interest(50.2)(103.3)(153.5)
Present value of lease liabilities$252.4 $107.7 $360.1 
A summary of the weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate as of June 30, 2019 follows:
June 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases9.0
Finance leases15.3
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating leases3.8 %
Finance leases7.2 %
Supplemental cash flow and other non-cash information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 follows:
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases$26.6 $51.0 
Operating cash flows from finance leases$3.1 $6.4 
Financing cash flows from finance leases$1.1 $2.8 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities$0.8 $0.8 
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$7.7 $9.4 

9. INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate, exclusive of non-controlling interests, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was 23.6% and 24.3%, respectively. Our effective tax rate, exclusive of non-controlling interests, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was 24.7% and 24.1%, respectively.
Cash paid for income taxes was a net refund of $10.5 million and a net payment of $30.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash taxes have been favorably impacted from the receipt of funds from amended returns filed during 2018.
We have deferred tax assets related to state net operating loss carryforwards. We provide a partial valuation allowance due to uncertainty surrounding the future utilization of these carryforwards in the taxing jurisdictions where the loss carryforwards exist. When determining the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence, including recent financial results, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies.
As a result of changes in U.S. tax law and our ongoing efforts to evaluate, streamline and maximize the efficiency of our tax footprint, we could adjust our valuation allowance in a future period if there is sufficient evidence to support a conclusion that it is more certain than not that a portion of the state net operating loss carryforwards, on which we currently provide a valuation allowance, would be realized. Future changes in our valuation allowance could have a material effect on our results of operations in the period recorded.
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The realization of our deferred tax asset for state loss carryforwards ultimately depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate state taxing jurisdictions in future periods. The weight given to the positive and negative evidence is commensurate with the extent such evidence can be objectively verified. We continue to regularly monitor both positive and negative evidence in determining the ongoing need for a valuation allowance. As of June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance associated with our state loss carryforwards was approximately $73 million.
We are subject to income tax in the United States and Puerto Rico, as well as in multiple state jurisdictions. Our compliance with income tax rules and regulations is periodically audited by taxing authorities. These authorities may challenge the positions taken in our tax filings. We are currently under examination or administrative review by the Internal Revenue Service, state and local taxing authorities and Puerto Rico for various tax years.
We believe that our recorded liabilities for uncertain tax positions are adequate. However, a significant assessment against us in excess of the liabilities recorded could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. As of June 30, 2019, we are unable to estimate the resolution of our gross unrecognized benefits over the next 12 months.
We recognize interest and penalties as incurred within the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of income. As of June 30, 2019, we accrued a liability for penalties of $0.5 million and a liability for interest (including interest on penalties) of $14.9 million related to our uncertain tax positions.
10. STOCK REPURCHASES, DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS PER SHARE
Available Shares
We currently have approximately 12.8 million shares of common stock reserved for future grants under the Republic Services, Inc. Amended and Restated 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.
Stock Repurchases
Stock repurchase activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30, 
2019201820192018
Number of shares repurchased1.1 3.3 2.6 7.1 
Amount paid $91.0 $219.5 $202.5 $474.0 
Weighted average cost per share$82.63 $67.47 $78.11 $67.05 
As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, there were less than 0.1 million and 0.2 million repurchased shares pending settlement, respectively. As of June 30, 2019 and 2018, $0.9 million and $10.3 million of share repurchases were unpaid and included within other accrued liabilities, respectively.
In October 2017, our Board of Directors added $2.0 billion to the existing share repurchase authorization that now extends through December 31, 2020. Share repurchases under the program may be made through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. While the Board of Directors has approved the program, the timing of any purchases, the prices and the number of shares of common stock to be purchased will be determined by our management, at its discretion, and will depend upon market conditions and other factors. The share repurchase program may be extended, suspended or discontinued at any time. As of June 30, 2019, the remaining authorized purchase capacity under our October 2017 repurchase program was $901.6 million.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

Dividends
In April 2019, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.375 per share. Cash dividends declared were $240.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2019, we recorded a quarterly dividend payable of $120.2 million to shareholders of record at the close of business on July 1, 2019.
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc. by the weighted average number of common shares (including vested but unissued RSUs and PSUs) outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is based on the combined weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding, which include, where appropriate, the assumed exercise of employee stock options, unvested RSUs and unvested PSUs at the expected attainment levels. We use the treasury stock method in computing diluted earnings per share.
Earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019201820192018
Basic earnings per share:
Net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc.$251,500 $234,900 $485,700 $472,600 
Weighted average common shares outstanding321,718 327,365 322,000 329,003 
Basic earnings per share$0.78 $0.72 $1.51 $1.44 
Diluted earnings per share:
Net income attributable to Republic Services, Inc.$251,500 $234,900 $485,700 $472,600 
Weighted average common shares outstanding321,718 327,365 322,000 329,003 
Effect of dilutive securities:
Options to purchase common stock432 810 469 858 
Unvested RSU awards240 202 234 231 
Unvested PSU awards
375 453 406 421 
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding
322,765 328,830 323,109 330,513 
Diluted earnings per share$0.78 $0.71 $1.50 $1.43 
There were no antidilutive securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.
11. CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME BY COMPONENT
A summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of tax, by component, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 follows:
Cash Flow HedgesDefined Benefit Pension ItemsTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2018$16.1 $14.7 $30.8 
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications(31.2)(0.8)(32.0)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income(0.3)— (0.3)
Net current period other comprehensive loss(31.5)(0.8)(32.3)
Adoption of accounting standard5.4 — 5.4 
Balance as of June 30, 2019$(10.0)$13.9 $3.9 
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A summary of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 follows:
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018 
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ComponentsAmount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeAmount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeAffected Line Item in the Statement where Net Income is Presented
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
Recyclable commodity hedges
$— $0.3 $— $0.3 Revenue
Fuel hedges— 1.1 — 1.9 Cost of operations
Terminated interest rate locks0.3 (0.3)0.4 (0.8)Interest expense
Total before tax0.3 1.1 0.4 1.4 
Tax expense(0.1)(0.3)(0.1)(0.4)
Total gain reclassified into earnings$0.2 $0.8 $0.3 $1.0 

12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The effect of our derivative instruments in fair value and cash flow hedging relationships on the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in millions):
Classification and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 2018 2019 2018 
Interest ExpenseInterest ExpenseInterest ExpenseInterest Expense
Total amounts of expense line items presented in the consolidated statements of income in which the effects of fair value or cash flow hedges are recorded$(98.5)$(96.5)$(198.9)$(191.3)
The effects of fair value and cash flow hedging:
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps:
Net swap settlements$0.1 $0.5 $0.2 $1.4 
Net periodic earnings(1)
$0.2 $(0.2)$0.2 $(0.2)
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swap locks:
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into income$0.3 $(0.3)$0.4 $(0.8)
(1) During 2018 (prior to adoption of ASU 2017-12), all net periodic earnings for fair value hedges were recorded to other income, net. To align the effect of the hedging relationship with the activity of the hedged item, beginning January 1, 2019, all net periodic earnings on fair value hedges are presented within interest expense in our consolidated statement of income.
Fair Value Measurements
In measuring fair values of assets and liabilities, we use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs (Level 1) and minimize the use of unobservable inputs (Level 3). We also use market data or assumptions that we believe market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk when appropriate.
The carrying value for certain of our financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain other accrued liabilities, approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following:
June 30, 2019
 Fair Value
 Carrying AmountTotalQuoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Money market mutual funds$38.6 $38.6 $38.6 $— $— 
Bonds - restricted cash and marketable securities and other assets
50.5 50.5 — 50.5 — 
Interest rate swaps - other assets11.6 11.6 — 11.6 — 
Interest rate locks - prepaid expenses and other current assets
0.3 0.3 — 0.3 — 
Total assets$101.0 $101.0 $38.6 $62.4 $— 
Liabilities:
Interest rate locks - other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities$32.4 $32.4 $— $32.4 $— 
Contingent consideration - other accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities
72.1 72.1 — — 72.1 
Total liabilities$104.5 $104.5 $— $32.4 $72.1 
December 31, 2018
 Fair Value
 Carrying AmountTotalQuoted
Prices in
Active
Markets
(Level 1)
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Assets:
Money market mutual funds$37.1 $37.1 $37.1 $— $— 
Bonds - restricted cash and marketable securities and other assets
47.8 47.8 — 47.8 — 
Interest rate swaps - other assets2.5 2.5 — 2.5 — 
Interest rate locks - other assets10.3 10.3 — 10.3 — 
Total assets$97.7 $97.7 $37.1 $60.6 $— 
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration - other long-term liabilities
$71.4 $71.4 $— $— $71.4 
Total liabilities$71.4 $71.4 $— $— $71.4 
Total Debt
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying value of our total debt was $8.4 billion and $8.3 billion, respectively and the fair value of our total debt was $9.1 billion and $8.7 billion, respectively. The estimated fair value of our fixed rate senior notes and debentures is based on quoted market prices. The fair value of our remaining notes payable, tax-exempt financings and borrowings under our credit facilities approximates the carrying value because the interest rates are variable. The fair value estimates are based on Level 2 inputs of the fair value hierarchy as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. See Note 7, Debt, for further information related to our debt.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

Contingent Consideration
In April 2015, we entered into a waste management contract with the County of Sonoma, California to operate the county's waste management facilities. As of June 30, 2019, the Sonoma contingent consideration represents the fair value of $66.3 million payable to the County of Sonoma based on the achievement of future annual tonnage targets through the expected remaining capacity of the landfill, which we estimate to be approximately 30 years. The potential undiscounted amount of all future contingent payments that we could be required to make under the waste management contract is estimated to be between approximately $79 million and $168 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the activity in the contingent consideration liability included accretion, which was offset by concession payments made in the ordinary course of business. There were no changes to the estimate of fair value. The contingent consideration liability is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
In 2017, we recognized additional contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of a landfill. As of June 30, 2019, the contingent consideration of $4.2 million represents the fair value of amounts payable to the seller based on annual volume of tons disposed at the landfill. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the activity in the contingent consideration liability included accretion, which was offset by concession payments made in the ordinary course of business. There were no changes to the estimate of fair value. The contingent consideration liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
In June 2019, we recognized additional contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of a collection business. As of June 30, 2019, the contingent consideration of $1.6 million represents the fair value of amounts payable to the seller based on annual volume of tons collected from certain customers of the business. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using probability assessments of the expected future payments over the estimated customer relationships, and applying a discount rate. The future payments are based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market. Key assumptions include annual collection volumes, which are subject to remeasurement at each reporting date. The contingent consideration liabilities are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
13. SEGMENT REPORTING
Our senior management evaluates, oversees and manages the financial performance of our operations through two field groups, referred to as Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 primarily consists of geographic areas located in the western United States, and Group 2 primarily consists of geographic areas located in the southeastern and mid-western United States, and the eastern seaboard of the United States. These two groups are presented below as our reportable segments, which provide integrated waste management services consisting of non-hazardous solid waste collection, transfer, recycling, disposal and energy services.
Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 follows:

Gross RevenueIntercompany RevenueNet RevenueDepreciation, Amortization, Depletion and AccretionOperating Income (Loss)Capital ExpendituresTotal Assets
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
Group 1$1,528.6 $(264.2)$1,264.4 $127.0 $309.0 $137.1 $11,223.2 
Group 21,529.2 (226.9)1,302.3 132.7 228.4 122.2 9,082.5 
Corporate entities43.2 (4.6)38.6 25.0 (100.0)30.1 1,691.1 
Total$3,101.0 $(495.7)$2,605.3 $284.7 $437.4 $289.4 $21,996.8 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
Group 1$1,446.4 $(253.1)$1,193.3 $117.8 $275.2 $153.0 $10,851.5 
Group 21,509.2 (224.0)1,285.2 128.4 225.3 101.5 8,914.1 
Corporate entities43.3 (4.0)39.3 29.5 (92.3)24.3 1,438.1 
Total$2,998.9 $(481.1)$2,517.8 $275.7 $408.2 $278.8 $21,203.7 
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Gross
Revenue
Intercompany
Revenue
Net
Revenue
Depreciation,
Amortization,
Depletion and
Accretion
Operating
Income
(Loss)
Capital
Expenditures
Total Assets
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Group 1$2,959.6 $(502.0)$2,457.6 $248.5 $597.1 $235.6 $11,223.2 
Group 22,966.7 (425.4)2,541.3 258.4 452.7 215.7 9,082.5 
Corporate entities85.2 (8.2)77.0 49.8 (189.6)137.4 1,691.1 
Total$6,011.5 $(935.6)$5,075.9 $556.7 $860.2 $588.7 $21,996.8 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Group 1$2,866.6 $(493.5)$2,373.1 $246.9 $553.1 $183.5 $10,851.5 
Group 22,915.6 (422.3)2,493.3 253.3 434.9 249.7 8,914.1 
Corporate entities86.5 (7.7)78.8 59.0 (175.6)108.9 1,438.1 
Total$5,868.7 $(923.5)$4,945.2 $559.2 $812.4 $542.1 $21,203.7 
Intercompany revenue reflects transactions within and between segments that generally are made on a basis intended to reflect the market value of such services. Capital expenditures for corporate entities primarily include vehicle inventory acquired but not yet assigned to operating locations and facilities. Corporate functions include legal, tax, treasury, information technology, risk management, human resources, closed landfills and other administrative functions.
14. REVENUE
Our operations primarily consist of providing collection, transfer and disposal of non-hazardous solid waste, recovering and recycling of certain materials, and energy services. The following table disaggregates our revenue by service line for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions of dollars and as a percentage of revenue):
 Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
 2019201820192018
Collection:
Residential
$570.1 21.9 %$560.6 22.3 %$1,127.5 22.2 %$1,109.2 22.4 %
Small-container
792.0 30.4  764.5 30.4  1,570.0 30.9  1,513.6 30.6  
Large-container
573.9 22.0  556.3 22.1  1,104.5 21.8  1,072.5 21.7  
Other
11.7 0.4  11.1 0.4  22.5 0.4  21.6 0.4  
Total collection
1,947.7 74.7  1,892.5 75.2  3,824.5 75.3  3,716.9 75.1  
Transfer343.7 320.8 638.1 609.3 
Less: intercompany(192.6)(183.8)(364.1)(354.0)
Transfer, net
151.1 5.8  137.0 5.4  274.0 5.4  255.3 5.2  
Landfill608.9 580.6 1,145.4 1,130.5 
Less: intercompany(271.4)(265.3)(511.2)(508.7)
Landfill, net
337.5 13.0  315.3 12.5  634.2 12.5  621.8 12.6  
Energy services40.8 1.6  50.2 2.0  85.8 1.7  98.1 2.0  
Other:
Recycling processing and commodity sales
71.9 2.7  68.0 2.7  144.8 2.9  143.8 2.9  
Other non-core
56.3 2.2  54.8 2.2  112.6 2.2  109.3 2.2  
Total other
128.2 4.9  122.8 4.9  257.4 5.1  253.1 5.1  
Total revenue$2,605.3 100.0 %$2,517.8 100.0 %$5,075.9 100.0 %$4,945.2 100.0 %
Other non-core revenue consists primarily of revenue from National Accounts, which represents the portion of revenue generated from nationwide or regional contracts in markets outside our operating areas where the associated waste handling services are subcontracted to local operators. Consequently, substantially all of this revenue is offset with related subcontract costs, which are recorded in cost of operations.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

The factors that impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized for each service line may vary based on the nature of the service performed. Generally, we recognize revenue at the time we perform a service. In the event that we bill for services in advance of performance, we recognized deferred revenue for the amount billed and subsequently recognize revenue at the time the service is provided. Substantially all of the deferred revenue recognized as of December 31, 2018 was recognized as revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2019 when the service was performed.
See Note 13, Segment Reporting, for additional information regarding revenue by reportable segment.
Revenue Recognition
Our service obligations of a long-term nature, e.g., solid waste collection service contracts, are satisfied over time, and we recognize revenue based on the value provided to the customer during the period. The amount billed to the customer is based on variable elements such as the number of residential homes or businesses for which collection services are provided, the volume of waste collected, transported and disposed, and the nature of the waste accepted. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for these contracts as our right to consideration corresponds directly to the value provided to the customer for services completed to date and all future variable consideration is allocated to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.
Additionally, certain elements of our long-term customer contracts are unknown upon entering into the contract, including the amount that will be billed in accordance with annual price escalation clauses, our fuel recovery fee program and commodity prices. The amount to be billed is often tied to changes in an underlying base index such as a consumer price index or a fuel or commodity index, and revenue can be recognized once the index is established for the period.
Deferred Contract Costs
We incur certain upfront payments to acquire customer contracts which are recognized as other assets in our consolidated balance sheet, and we amortize the asset over the respective contract life. In addition, we recognize sales commissions that represent an incremental cost of the contract as other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and we amortize the asset over the average life of the customer relationship. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we recognized $84.4 million and $89.2 million, respectively, of deferred contract costs and capitalized sales commissions. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we amortized $3.0 million and $6.0 million of capitalized sales commissions to selling, general and administrative expenses and $1.5 million and $3.0 million of other deferred contract costs as a reduction of revenue, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we amortized $2.9 million and $5.5 million of capitalized sales commissions to selling, general and administrative expenses and $1.4 million and $2.8 million of other deferred contract costs as a reduction of revenue, respectively.
15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
We are subject to extensive and evolving laws and regulations and have implemented safeguards to respond to regulatory requirements. In the normal course of our business, we become involved in legal proceedings. Some may result in fines, penalties or judgments against us, or settlements, which may impact earnings and cash flows for a particular period. Although we cannot predict the ultimate outcome of any legal matter with certainty, we do not believe the outcome of any of our pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
As used herein, the term legal proceedings refers to litigation and similar claims against us and our subsidiaries, excluding: (1) ordinary course accidents, general commercial liability and workers' compensation claims, which are covered by insurance programs, subject to customary deductibles, and which, together with insured employee health care costs, are discussed in Note 5, Other Liabilities; and (2) environmental remediation liabilities, which are discussed in Note 6, Landfill and Environmental Costs.
We accrue for legal proceedings when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. We have recorded an aggregate accrual of approximately $19 million relating to our outstanding legal proceedings as of June 30, 2019. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, we review each of our legal proceedings and, where it is probable that a liability has been incurred, we accrue for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where we can reasonably estimate a range of losses we may incur regarding such a matter, we record an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes our best estimate. If we can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, we use the amount that is the low end of such range. If we had used the high ends of such ranges, our aggregate potential liability would be approximately $14 million higher than the amount recorded as of June 30, 2019.
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REPUBLIC SERVICES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - (CONTINUED)

Multiemployer Pension Plans
We contribute to 26 multiemployer pension plans under collective bargaining agreements covering union-represented employees. These plans generally provide retirement benefits to participants based on their service to contributing employers. We do not administer these plans.
Under current law regarding multiemployer pension plans, a plan’s termination, our voluntary withdrawal (which we consider from time to time) or the mass withdrawal of all contributing employers from any under-funded multiemployer pension plan (each, a Withdrawal Event) would require us to make payments to the plan for our proportionate share of the plan’s unfunded vested liabilities. During the course of operating our business, we incur Withdrawal Events regarding certain of our multiemployer pension plans. We accrue for such events when losses become probable and reasonably estimable.
Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities
Our restricted cash and marketable securities include, among other things, restricted cash and marketable securities held for capital expenditures under certain debt facilities, restricted cash pursuant to a holdback arrangement, restricted cash and marketable securities pledged to regulatory agencies and governmental entities as financial guarantees of our performance under certain collection, landfill and transfer station contracts and permits, and relating to our final capping, closure and post-closure obligations at our landfills, and restricted cash and marketable securities related to our insurance obligations. The following table summarizes our restricted cash and marketable securities:
June 30, 2019December 31, 2018
Capping, closure and post-closure obligations$30.1 $29.5 
Insurance89.1 78.6 
Total restricted cash and marketable securities$119.2 $108.1 

Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents as presented in the statement of cash flows is reconciled as follows:
June 30, 2019December 31, 2018June 30, 2018December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$72.5 $70.5 $61.3 $83.3 
Restricted cash and marketable securities119.2 108.1 116.2 141.1 
Less: restricted marketable securities(48.0)(45.3)(44.8)(45.3)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents$143.7 $133.3 $132.7 $179.1 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations, other than short-term operating leases and financial assurances, which are not classified as debt. We have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed, consolidated into or reflected in our reported financial position or results of operations. We have not guaranteed any third-party debt.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included under Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-Q. In addition, you should refer to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking information about us that is intended to be covered by the safe harbor for “forward-looking statements” provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. Words such as “guidance,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “intend,” “should,” “can,” “likely,” “could,” “outlook” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In particular, information appearing under this “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” includes forward-looking statements. These statements include information about our plans, strategies and prospects. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to risk and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking information and statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that the expectations will prove to be correct. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements are acts of war, riots or terrorism, and the impact of these acts on economic, financial and social conditions in the United States as well as our dependence on large, long-term collection, transfer and disposal contracts. More information on factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated is included from time to time in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, particularly under Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors. Additionally, new risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all such risk factors, or to assess the impact such risk factors might have on our business. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.