Revance Therapeutics, Inc. - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES | ||||||||
| SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION | ||||||||
| Washington, D.C. 20549 | ||||||||
FORM 10-K
| ( Mark One) | |||||||||||
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||||||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
| or | |||||||||||
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||||||||
| For the transition period from ___ to ___ | |||||||||||
Commission File No. 001-36297
| Revance Therapeutics, Inc. | ||||||||
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | ||||||||
| Delaware | 77-0551645 | ||||||||||
| State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||
1222 Demonbreun Street, Suite 1001, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)
(615) 724-7755
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
7555 Gateway Boulevard, Newark, California, 94560
(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||||||||
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
| Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | RVNC | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: | ||||||||
None | ||||||||
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial statement accounting standards provide pursuance to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of
the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2020, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $1.4 billion, based on the closing price of the registrant’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market of $24.42 per share for such date.
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of February 12, 2021: 71,377,818
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A, not later than April 30, 2021, in connection with the registrant's 2021 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Table of Contents
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“Revance Therapeutics,” the Revance logos and other trademarks or service marks of Revance appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Report") are the property of Revance. This Form 10-K contains additional trade names, trademarks and service marks of others, which are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.
Unless expressly indicated or the context requires otherwise, the terms “Revance,” “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” in this document refer to Revance Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and, where appropriate, its wholly owned subsidiaries.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Report including the documents incorporated by reference herein, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference herein, including statements regarding our future financial condition, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to our financial outlook or projected performance, anticipated growth, trends in markets relevant to our business, milestone expectations, and expected cash runway; our future responses to and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic; ability to obtain, and the timing relating to, regulatory submissions and approvals with respect to our drug product candidates, including with respect to the anticipated approval of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines and Teoxane Resilient Hyaluronic Acid® ("RHA®") 1; our ability to integrate Hint, Inc. (d/b/a HintMD); the timing of the release of, and our expectations regarding, the next generation HintMD fintech platform, including its profitability; the process and timing of, and ability to complete, the current and anticipated future clinical development of our product candidates including the timing and outcome of such clinical studies and trials; development of a biosimilar to the branded biologic product (onabotulinumtoxinA) marketed as BOTOX® (an “onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar”), which would compete in the existing short-acting neuromodulator marketplace; our ability to effectively and reliably manufacture supplies of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection; our business strategy; our ability to build our own sales and marketing capabilities; our social and environmental performance and goals; the market for our current and future products and services; our plans and prospects, including our commercialization plans and ability to commercialize the RHA® Pipeline Products (as defined below) and DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection; and the potential benefits of our drug product candidates and our technologies are forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks described in the section titled "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of the document containing the applicable statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. You should read this Form 10-K, together with the information incorporated herein by reference, with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report for a discussion of the following principal risks and other risks that make an investment in Revance speculative or risky.
•Our success as a company is substantially dependent on the clinical and commercial success of our product candidate, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. Our ability to finance our business and generate revenue, as well as our longer-term prospects, depends on the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of these product candidates, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates. If we experience delays or are unable to successfully complete the development or regulatory approval process or commercialize our product candidates, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to continue our business.
•We may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or future product candidates in a timely manner or at all. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) deferred its decision on the Biologics License Application (“BLA”) for
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines on November 24, 2020 because it was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility due to FDA travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Reports of adverse events or safety concerns involving the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers could delay or prevent Teoxane SA (“Teoxane”) from maintaining regulatory approval or obtaining additional regulatory approval for the RHA® Pipeline Products. The denial, delay or withdrawal of any such approval would negatively impact commercialization and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to generate revenue, business prospects, and results of operations.
•The current COVID-19 pandemic has and may continue to adversely affect our financial condition and our business as well as those of third parties on which we rely for significant manufacturing, clinical or other business operations. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the economy and disposable income levels, which could reduce consumer spending and lower demand for our products.
•We have not manufactured any product candidate at full commercial scale. If we are unable to expand our manufacturing facilities in compliance with regulatory requirements or to hire additional necessary manufacturing personnel, we may encounter delays or additional costs in achieving our research, development and commercialization objectives.
•Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.
•If we do not effectively manage our expanded operations in connection with our recent acquisition of HintMD, or if we are not able to achieve market acceptance of the HintMD fintech platform (the "HintMD platform"), then we may not achieve the anticipated benefits or recoup the substantial expense incurred in connection with the acquisition and our business, operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.
•The RHA® Pipeline Products and our product candidates, if approved, may fail to achieve the broad degree of physician adoption and use necessary for commercial success and our operating results and financial condition would be adversely affected.
•Our product candidates, if approved, will face significant competition, including from companies that enjoy significant competitive advantages, such as substantially greater financial, research and development, manufacturing, personnel and marketing resources, greater brand recognition and more experience and expertise in obtaining marketing approvals from the FDA and other regulatory authorities. Our failure to effectively compete may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration and expansion.
•If our competitors develop and market products that are safer, more effective or more convenient or less expensive than DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any other future product candidates, if approved, our commercial opportunity could be reduced or eliminated.
•We currently have limited marketing and sales capabilities for the commercialization of our product candidates. If we are unable to maintain and expand sales, marketing, managerial and/or operational capabilities on our own or through third parties, we will be unable to successfully commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products or any other future product candidates, if approved, or generate product revenue.
•We use third-party collaborators, including Viatris Inc. (formerly Mylan N.V.) (“Viatris”), Fosun and ABPS, to help us develop, validate, manufacture and/or commercialize product candidates. Our ability to commercialize such product candidates could be impaired or delayed if these collaborations are unsuccessful.
•Changes in and failures to comply with U.S. and foreign privacy and data protection laws, regulations and standards may adversely affect our business, operations and financial performance.
•We have incurred significant losses since our inception and we anticipate that these losses will increase as we continue our development of, seek regulatory approval for and begin to commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and continue to commercialize the RHA® Pipeline Products and HintMD. Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise capital and continue operations.
•We moved our global headquarters from Newark, California, to Nashville, Tennessee on January 1, 2021. In connection with this relocation, we could experience unexpected costs or business disruption and diversion of management attention, which could negatively impact our business operations and result in additional costs.
•We may require substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain the necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, commercialization and sales efforts, and other operations.
•Servicing our debt, including the 2027 Notes, requires a significant amount of cash to pay our substantial debt. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive.
•If our efforts to protect our intellectual property related to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products, any future product candidates, including onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, or the HintMD platform are not adequate, we may not be able to compete effectively. Additionally, we may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive and time-consuming.
•If product liability lawsuits are brought against us and we cannot successfully defend ourselves, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products. Even a successful defense would require significant financial and management resources.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
Revance is a biotechnology company focused on innovative aesthetic and therapeutic offerings, including its next-generation neuromodulator product, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection combines a proprietary stabilizing peptide excipient with a highly purified botulinum toxin that does not contain human or animal-based components. We have successfully completed a Phase 3 program for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in glabellar (frown) lines and are pursuing U.S. regulatory approval. We are also evaluating DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the full upper face, including glabellar lines, forehead lines and crow’s feet, as well as in two therapeutic indications—cervical dystonia and adult upper limb spasticity. To accompany DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, we own a unique portfolio of premium products and services for U.S. aesthetics practices, including the exclusive U.S. distribution rights to Teoxane SA’s line of Resilient Hyaluronic Acid® Collection of dermal fillers, the first and only range of FDA-approved fillers for correction of dynamic facial wrinkles and folds, and the HintMD platform, which provides an integrated smart payment solution that supports aesthetic practice management, practice economics and practice loyalty. We have also partnered with Viatris to develop an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, which would compete in the existing short-acting neuromodulator marketplace. We are dedicated to making a difference by transforming patient experiences.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Our Operations
The COVID-19 pandemic caused general business disruption worldwide beginning in January 2020. The health and safety of our team, their families and our communities remains our top priority. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we curtailed employee travel and implemented a corporate work-from-home policy in March 2020. We have continued to monitor the situation and have gradually resumed essential on-site corporate operations in accordance with local and regional restrictions. We have adopted remote working tools to minimize the disruption to the achievement of our goals and objectives for employees whose job duties do not require physical presence to complete their work. Certain manufacturing, quality and laboratory-based employees have continued to work onsite, and certain employees with customer-facing roles are onsite for training and interfacing in-person with customers in connection with the product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. If the severity, duration or nature of the COVID-19 pandemic changes, it may have an impact on our ability to continue on-site operations, which could disrupt our clinical trials and sales activities.
The COVID-19 pandemic has and may continue to negatively affect our ability to obtain approval of product candidates from the FDA or other regulatory authorities, supply chain, end user demand for our products and commercialization activities. In November 2020, the FDA deferred a decision on the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar (frown) lines. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility in Newark, California, due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The FDA did not indicate there were any other review issues at the time beyond the on-site inspection.
In addition, the product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by distribution partner Teoxane as they temporarily suspended production in Geneva, Switzerland as a precaution surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Teoxane resumed manufacturing operations at the end of April 2020 and delivered the first shipment of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to us in June 2020. As a result, our initial product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by one quarter to September 2020. In addition, port closures and other restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt our supply chain or limit our ability to obtain sufficient materials for the production of our products. We have taken steps to build sufficient levels of inventory to help mitigate potential future supply chain disruptions.
Our clinical trials have been and may continue to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has and may further delay enrollment in and the progress of our current and future clinical trials. Patients may not be able to comply with clinical trial protocols if quarantines impede patient movement or interrupt healthcare services. Site initiation and patient enrollment may be delayed due to prioritization of hospital resources toward the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, enrollment in the JUNIPER Phase 2 adult upper limb spasticity trial was paused in March 2020 due to challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The trial was originally designed to include 128 subjects. Due to the
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COVID-19 challenges related to continued subject enrollment and the scheduling of in-person study visits, in June 2020, we announced the decision to end screening and complete the JUNIPER trial with the 83 patients enrolled to date. We released topline results from the Phase 2 study in February 2021.
To ensure proper clinical trial coordination and completion, in line with the FDA-issued guidance of March 18, 2020 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products during the COVID-19 Pandemic, we are evaluating and implementing risk-based approaches for remote clinical trial monitoring and activities, including remote patient assessment, for those subjects who cannot physically visit clinic sites, to ensure the full completion of trials.
The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and we do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our BLA, our manufacturing operations, supply chain, end user demand for our products and services, commercialization efforts, business operations, clinical trials and other aspects of our business, the healthcare systems or the global economy as a whole. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
Commercial Transformation
In September 2020, Revance became a commercial company through our launch of the prestige aesthetics portfolio, which includes the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and the HintMD platform.
RHA® Collection of Dermal Fillers
In January 2020, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement (the “Teoxane Agreement”) with Teoxane, as amended in September 2020, pursuant to which Teoxane granted us with an exclusive right to import, market, promote, sell and distribute Teoxane’s line of Resilient Hyaluronic Acid® dermal fillers, which include: (i) RHA® 2, RHA® 3 and RHA® 4, which have been approved by the FDA for the correction of moderate to severe dynamic facial wrinkles and folds (collectively, the "RHA® Collection of dermal fillers"), (ii) RHA® 1, for which FDA approval is targeted for the second half of 2021 for the treatment of perioral rhytids (lip lines), and is currently in ongoing clinical trials, and (iii) future hyaluronic acid filler advancements and products by Teoxane (collectively the “RHA® Pipeline Products”) in the U.S. and U.S. territories and possessions, in exchange for 2,500,000 shares of our common stock and certain other commitments by us.
In September 2020, we launched the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the U.S. The sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers generated $12.9 million in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020. For additional information on our sales and marketing activities, see "Sales and Marketing" below.
HintMD Acquisition
On July 23, 2020, we completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding shares of HintMD (the “HintMD Acquisition”), and HintMD became a wholly owned subsidiary of Revance. The total number of shares of our common stock issued as consideration for the HintMD Acquisition was 8,572,213, including (i) 683,200 shares of our common stock which are held in an escrow fund for purposes of satisfying any post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification claims under the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 18, 2020 by and among Revance, Heart Merger Sub, Inc., our direct wholly-owned subsidiary, HintMD, and Fortis Advisors, LLC, as the security holder’s representative (the "HintMD Merger Agreement") and (ii) assumed options to purchase an aggregate of 801,600 shares of our common stock.
The HintMD platform provides a seamless, simple and smart payment solution that enables medical aesthetic practices (the “practices”) to improve practice management and economics and foster loyalty with customers, which completes the value chain of our aesthetics portfolio and aligns with our goal to improve outcomes for patients and practices. The HintMD Acquisition leverages our existing and planned commercial infrastructure, and, we believe this financial technology service offering will enable us to grow our U.S. aesthetics business.
HintMD is a registered payment facilitator ("PayFac") and enables practices to process payments for their patients and provides subscription and pay-over-time solutions that support practices' aesthetic treatment plans. The HintMD platform currently generates revenues through (i) credit card processing revenues net of interchange and other fees and (ii) monthly per patient fees for practices that use the subscription capabilities. The next-generation HintMD platform, which is scheduled to
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launch in mid-2021, is anticipated to operate as a fully integrated PayFac pursuant to the Payment Facilitator Agreement (as defined below) with a third-party acquirer and sponsor bank. The next-generation HintMD platform will earn revenue primarily by charging fees for completing payment transactions for practices and other payment-related services that are typically based on the volume of activity processed on the platform.
Upon the close of the HintMD Acquisition, we onboarded 75 employees into our workforce, and all HintMD operations began being conducted by Revance employees. Certain business integration projects remain ongoing. Following our acquisition of HintMD, we began to operate in two reportable segments: (1) our product segment, which refers to the business that includes the research and development of innovative aesthetic and therapeutic products, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for various indications, the U.S. distribution of the RHA® Pipeline Products, and an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar in partnership with Viatris, and (2) our service segment, which refers to the business of the HintMD platform. For additional information about our business segments, see Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules—Notes to consolidated financial statements—Note 4—Business Combination.”
Our Strategy
Our objective is to be a leading provider of botulinum toxin products across multiple aesthetic and therapeutic indications and to expand the opportunity for botulinum toxin products and other complimentary products, including hyaluronic acid dermal fillers and the HintMD platform. To achieve this objective, we plan to develop and commercialize proprietary, patent-protected product candidates, such as DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, commercialize the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S., participate in the development and commercialization of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar with Viatris and leverage the HintMD platform to augment our aesthetics product offering.
Key elements of our strategy are:
•We plan to leverage DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection’s unique duration profile to build valuable franchises in aesthetics and therapeutics, which includes commercializing complimentary products like the RHA® Pipeline Products and the HintMD platform. We believe DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has the ability to expand the neuromodulator opportunity by appealing to patients who seek a long-lasting effect. We also believe other possible formulations can expand the overall neuromodulator market.
•We have and will continue to selectively evaluate partnerships, distribution opportunities, joint development agreements and acquisitions as a way to expand our aesthetic and therapeutic franchises while enhancing our competitive position. We have potential to expand to the second largest neuromodulator market with strategic partnerships like the license agreement (the “Fosun License Agreement”) with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd (“Fosun”), whereby we have granted Fosun the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau (the “Fosun Territory”). Further, we have entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Viatris (the “Viatris Collaboration”), pursuant to which we are collaborating with Viatris exclusively, on a world-wide basis (excluding Japan), to develop, manufacture and commercialize an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, which provides us with the potential to participate in the short acting neuromodulator opportunity.
•We will use recently announced results from three clinical trials in therapeutic indications – cervical dystonia, which was released in October 2020, upper limb spasticity, which was released in February 2021, and plantar fasciitis, which was released in November 2020, to inform our commercial strategy in the therapeutics market.
•We aim to transform the practice and patient experience in the aesthetics market through the HintMD platform. The HintMD platform aims to improve practice management, assist with the creation of revenue opportunities and increase patient retention for practices.
The Botulinum Toxin Opportunity
Botulinum toxin is a protein and neurotoxin produced by clostridium botulinum. Since 1989, botulinum toxin has been used to treat a variety of aesthetic and therapeutic indications in the U.S. and globally. Botulinum toxin blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor or sympathetic nerve terminals, entering the nerve
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terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine. This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings. When injected intramuscularly at therapeutic doses, botulinum toxin produces partial chemical denervation of the muscle resulting in a localized reduction in muscle activity. Throughout this Report, we use neuromodulators to refer to botulinum toxins and neurotoxins.
In the U.S., neuromodulators have been approved to treat three aesthetic indications, glabellar lines, forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, although we believe neuromodulators may be widely used for other aesthetic indications. Four products, Abbvie’s BOTOX® Cosmetic, Ipsen, Galderma’s Dysport®, Merz’s Xeomin® and Evolus’s Jeuveau®, each of which is delivered in an injectable form, have been approved for the treatment of glabellar lines in the U.S. Neuromodulators have been approved for a variety of therapeutic indications including cervical dystonia, upper limb spasticity, chronic migraine, blepharospasm, strabismus associated with neurological movement disorders, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder and, most recently, lower limb spasticity.
According to Millennium Research Group, LLC ("MRG"), the global market opportunity for neuromodulators was estimated to be $4.5 billion in 2020 compared to $4.8 billion in 2019. Although the market contracted slightly from 2019 to 2020, we believe the contraction is due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the market is projected to reach approximately $8 billion by 2025, registering a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 9.2% over the analysis period of 2019 to 2025. We estimate that the market opportunity for therapeutics and aesthetics in 2020 is approximately 51% and 49%, respectively. We expect continued growth to be driven by demographics, changing lifestyle, new indications and product launches in new geographies. We intend to pursue indications in both the aesthetic and therapeutic markets to address this potential commercial opportunity by providing a neuromodulator product with longer-lasting duration than existing treatments in the market, while also partnering with Viatris to offer a short-acting botulinum toxin neuromodulator that will enable us to bring a biosimilar to the branded biologic product (onabotulinumtoxinA) marketed as BOTOX®.
For additional information on competition we face in these markets, please see "Competition" below.
The Opportunity for Neuromodulators for Aesthetic Indications
Injectable neuromodulator treatments are the single largest cosmetic procedure in the U.S. and globally. According to MRG, neuromodulator aesthetic injections continued to be the most frequently performed aesthetic injectable procedure in the U.S. in 2019, with 7.9 million procedures performed, which represents an increase of 7% over 2018. Also, according to MRG, the global aesthetic neuromodulator market opportunity was estimated to be $2.2 billion in 2020 compared to $2.5 billion in 2019. Although the market contracted slightly from 2019 to 2020, we believe the contraction is due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the global aesthetic neuromodulator market is projected to reach approximately $4.2 billion by 2025, registering a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 8.9% over the analysis period of 2019 to 2025. We believe that we are positioned to take advantage of this growing market opportunity because results from our Phase 3 clinical program for the treatment of glabellar lines with DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection showed a median time to loss of none or mild wrinkle severity of 24 weeks (6 months) and a median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity of approximately 28 weeks (7 months). According to the prescribing information from other neuromodulators on the market, duration of effect is three to four months.
According to our 2018 Harris Poll survey results, 86% of the physicians surveyed want a neuromodulator that offers longer-lasting results than is available today, and 88% of the patients consider long lasting duration very important or absolutely essential. In addition, our primary qualitative market research among aesthetic physicians, patients, and office practice managers indicated that longer duration than what is currently available on the market is a differentiating and desirable attribute. Most of those physicians interviewed reported that if DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection provided results consistent with our Phase 3 trials, the duration of effect would cause them to change their treatment or purchase habits from currently available neuromodulators to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection.
We believe that a product which shows persistence of effect over time, with a slow return to baseline and a meaningful consumer benefit of up to six months, would be a better treatment regimen and would align with existing customer habits. Quantitative market research shows most consumers visit their physicians less than twice per year for treatments. A product with a longer duration would enable patients to remain more satisfied between treatments.
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The Opportunity for Neuromodulators for Therapeutic Indications
Currently approved neuromodulator products may be better known for their aesthetic applications, but they have been developed and used in a wide range of therapeutic indications. According to MRG, the fastest-growing segment for neuromodulator treatments globally is for therapeutic indications, including neuromodulator products as a treatment for cervical dystonia, upper limb spasticity, chronic migraine headache, lower limb spasticity, urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, hyperhidrosis and pediatric detrusor overactivity. In addition, neuromodulator products are being evaluated in clinical trials in multiple other therapeutic indications including acne, rosacea, skin and wound healing, scar reduction, hair loss treatments, and several musculoskeletal and neurological conditions.
We believe there is opportunity to improve injectable neuromodulator use in neurological movement and other disorders. Muscle movement disorders are neurological conditions that affect a person’s ability to control muscle activity in one or more areas of the body. Muscle spasticity happens after the body’s nervous system has been damaged, most commonly by a stroke, trauma or disease. Muscle spasticity can be painful and may have a significant effect on a person’s quality of life. Certain tasks, like getting dressed or bathing, become difficult, and a person’s self-esteem may be affected by an abnormal posture.
Common muscle movement disorders include cervical dystonia and upper or lower limb spasticity. Cervical dystonia affects approximately 60,000 people in the U.S. alone. In 2020, the global market opportunity for cervical dystonia was $390 million. Upper limb spasticity affects approximately 500,000 people in the U.S. and approximately 12 million people globally. According to MRG, the global spasticity market in 2019 was approximately $620 million and is expected to grow to $1.1 billion by 2025. We are currently conducting clinical programs evaluating DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of cervical dystonia and upper limb spasticity and believe that DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection may provide a treatment option for other neurological movement and other disorders.
Botulinum toxin type A has been proven safe and effective for muscle movement disorders, including cervical dystonia and upper limb spasticity and is commonly used to treat muscle movement disorders. However, such injections must be repeated every three to four months and require large doses. As a result of the discomfort associated with muscle movement disorders, currently available treatments require up to four visits per year. We believe that there is a significant need for a long-lasting and targeted injectable neuromodulators like DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. We believe DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has the potential to offer patients significantly more value by reducing the frequency of visits for treatments and offering a meaningful extension of symptom relief, while also providing a more beneficial pharmacoeconomic profile to the healthcare system.
The Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler Opportunity
Dermal fillers are injected into the superficial and deep layers of the skin to restore volume, smooth lines, provide facial lift and contour, plump the lips or improve the appearance of facial scars commonly caused by acne. Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers represent 88% of the total U.S. dermal filler market, and according to MRG, hyaluronic acid dermal fillers were the second largest non-surgical procedure performed in aesthetic medicine. Hyaluronic acid is naturally found in the body, primarily in the skin, joints and connective tissue. With age, human skin loses its ability to produce hyaluronic acid, resulting in loss of volume, firmness and elasticity. Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are manufactured from synthesized hyaluronic acid cross-linked to significantly enhance durability in the skin. These products can restore lost volume for six to 12 months or longer before the body gradually and naturally absorbs the hyaluronic acid. Most hyaluronic acid dermal fillers also contain lidocaine to help minimize discomfort during and after treatment.
In 2019, MRG estimated that 2.3 million hyaluronic acid dermal filler procedures were performed in the U.S. According to MRG, the U.S. market opportunity for hyaluronic acid dermal fillers was estimated to be $1 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach approximately $1.9 billion by 2025, registering a compounded annual growth rate of approximately 9.1%. We believe the RHA® Pipeline Products, for which we have exclusive U.S. distribution rights through our partnership with Teoxane, gives us the capability to successfully compete in this market. The RHA® Collection is the first and only FDA-approved dermal fillers for the correction of dynamic facial wrinkles and folds, and it represents the latest advancements in hyaluronic acid filler technology. The dermal filler range is created using a novel and gentle manufacturing process called preserved network technology ("PNT") that has few chemical modifications. The PNT process helps preserve the natural structure of the hyaluronic acid, allowing it to more closely mimic the natural hyaluronic acid found in the skin.
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The result is a hyaluronic acid dermal filler that is easy to inject and gives patients a natural look. As of December 31, 2020, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers achieved a 10% share of the facial hyaluronic acid markets in the largest five European countries by gross domestic product ("GDP"). Teoxane is also the only company in the largest five countries by GDP to capture competitive market share without a complementary neuromodulator product offering.
Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers provide a foundation from which to launch other aesthetic products, such as DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved. We believe hyaluronic acid dermal fillers have the potential to complement our premium aesthetics offering, and we believe will strengthen the commercial acceptance and use of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved. Our ability to offer a comprehensive aesthetics portfolio including the RHA® Pipeline Products and DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, positions us to effectively compete with established competitors that leverage a portfolio of facial injectables including both neuromodulators and dermal fillers.
For additional information on competition we face in this market, please see "Competition."
The Aesthetic Practice Fintech Opportunity
The HintMD platform provides a seamless, simple and smart payment solution that enables practices to improve practice management and economics and foster loyalty with customers, which completes the value chain of our aesthetics portfolio and aligns with our goal to improve outcomes for patients and practices. We believe that the HintMD platform will enable us to grow our U.S. aesthetics market opportunity and give us access to the aesthetic practice payment processing market and recurring aesthetic practice subscription revenue.
In 2019, the U.S. aesthetic practice payment services ("fintech") market was estimated to generate more than $500 million in revenue based on a growing base of 33,000 aesthetic practices processing an estimated $56 billion. On average, credit card processors charge 0.5% to 1% to complete a financial transaction depending on a variety of factors such as the type of credit card, whether or not the card is physically present and other variables. With the expected growth of the aesthetic market, the revenue for the U.S. aesthetic practice fintech market is expected to grow to approximately $700 million by 2025.
For additional information on competition we face in this market, please see "Competition."
Product Pipeline Summary
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Our Product Candidates
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection
We are developing new innovations in neuromodulators for aesthetic and therapeutic indications. Our lead product candidate, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, combines a proprietary stabilizing peptide excipient with a highly purified botulinum toxin that does not contain human or animal-based components. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has demonstrated high response rates and long duration of effect. We are currently focusing on developing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of both aesthetic and therapeutic indications.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection Aesthetics
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines
Glabellar Lines, often called “frown lines,” are vertical lines that develop between the eyebrows and may appear as a single vertical line or as two or more lines. When one frowns, the muscles of the glabella contract causing vertical creases to form between the eyebrows. Neuromodulators are used to temporarily block the ability of nerves to trigger contraction of the injected muscle, inhibiting movement of the muscles that cause the frown lines, giving the skin a smoother, more refreshed appearance. Current treatments include neuromodulator injections, dermal fillers, laser treatments and topical creams.
Clinical Trials. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was studied in two early clinical trials in Glabellar Lines that established the dose that was taken forward into the Phase 3 program. The Phase 3 clinical program for Glabellar Lines included three studies: two 36-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pivotal trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single administration of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines in adults (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2), and an 84-week, open-label safety trial designed to evaluate the long-term safety of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines in adults following both single and repeat treatment administration (SAKURA 3).
Following our announcement of the top-line results for the SAKURA 3 trial, we submitted the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines in November 2019, which was accepted by the FDA on February 5, 2020, and the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”) target action date was initially set for November 25, 2020. On November 24, 2020, the FDA deferred its decision on the BLA. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility in Newark, California due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though our BLA is still under review, the FDA did not indicate there were any other review issues at the time beyond the on-site inspection.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Upper Facial Lines
Upper facial lines (“UFL”) is the name commonly given to the combination of the three most commonly treated facial areas with neuromodulators; specifically, glabellar lines, lateral canthal lines and forehead lines. In clinical practice a large proportion of patients seek treatment in all three areas to address signs of aging.
In December 2019, we initiated a new multicenter, open-label Phase 2 trial for the treatment of the UFL (the “UFL Trial”) to understand the safety and efficacy, including potential dosing and injection patterns, of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, covering the upper facial lines. Interim Week 4 data from the Phase 2a studies in forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, which are discussed below, were used in the final design of the UFL Trial to optimize dosing and injection patterns. We released topline results from the UFL Trial in December of 2020. In the UFL Trial, 48 subjects were enrolled to receive a single treatment of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection with a total study duration of 36 weeks. Subjects concurrently received 40, 32, and 48 units of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection respectively in the glabellar complex, forehead and lateral canthal areas. The key endpoints for efficacy were the proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild wrinkle severity at maximum contraction (maximum frown, eyebrow elevation, and smile effort) at Week 4, as assessed on the Investigator Global Assessment Frown Wrinkle Severity, Investigator Global Assessment Forehead Wrinkle Severity, and Investigator Global Assessment Lateral Canthal Wrinkle Severity, respectively. The proportion of subjects achieving a score
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of none or mild at Week 4 were 95.8%, 95.8% and 91.7% for glabellar lines, forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, respectively. The UFL Trial measured duration of effect in responders (those who achieved a score of none or mild at Week 4). These duration measures were defined as the median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity or the time to loss of none or mild wrinkle severity, both based on investigator and subject assessments. The median time to return to base line was 33.3, 35.3 and 35.2 weeks, and the median time to loss of none or mild was 25.0, 24.0 and 28.1 weeks for glabellar lines, forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, respectively. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was generally well tolerated, and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were injection site erythema (6.3%), facial discomfort (4.2%) and headache (2.1%). No eyelid or brow ptosis was reported.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Forehead Lines
Forehead lines are produced by the action of the frontalis muscle, a large, thin, vertically-oriented muscle which lifts the eyebrows. The frontalis muscle serves as an antagonist to the glabellar musculature, a natural depressor that is responsible for frowning and associated eyebrow movement. As the eyebrow is considered the aesthetic center of the upper face, forehead lines can significantly impact the aesthetic appearance of the face, contribute to increased signs of aging and convey unwanted social signals. Current treatments include neuromodulator injections, dermal fillers, laser treatments and topical creams.
In January 2019, we initiated a Phase 2 multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the treatment of moderate or severe dynamic forehead lines in conjunction with treatment of the glabellar complex (the "Forehead Lines Trial"). The objective was to understand the potential dosing and injection patterns of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in other areas of the upper face in addition to the lead indication in glabellar lines. We released top-line results from the Forehead Lines Trial in June 2020. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild in wrinkle or line severity at Week 4 at maximum eyebrow elevation for forehead lines. In the Forehead Lines Trial, 100% of subjects achieved a score of none or mild at Week 4 in at least one treatment group. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was well-tolerated at all dose levels. Adverse events were mild, localized and transient, and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events, as is common with other approved neuromodulators in the treatment of upper facial lines. One of the exploratory endpoints in the Forehead Lines Trial was duration of effect, defined as the median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity based on both investigator and patient assessment. At least one dose in the study demonstrated a median duration of effect of 27 weeks on forehead lines. Interim data from the Forehead Lines Trial was used in the final design of the UFL Trial to optimize dosing and injection patterns, which is discussed above in "DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Upper Facial Lines.”
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Lateral Canthal Lines
Lateral canthal lines (“LCL” or “crow’s feet”) are the spider-like fine lines around the outside corners of the eyes that become more obvious when someone smiles. These lines (also referred to as periorbital wrinkles, laugh lines or smile lines), fan out across the skin from the outer corner of each eye. Repetitive motions, such as squinting and smiling, can lead to the increase of wrinkles and contribute to the severity and onset of crow’s feet. Age and exposure to sun also play significant roles in development of these lines, which can deepen over time. Current treatments include eye creams and moisturizers, topical tretinoins, neuromodulator injections, dermal fillers and laser treatments. BOTOX® Cosmetic was approved to treat LCL in 2013 and is currently the only toxin approved for that use in the U.S., although other toxins are used off-label.
In March 2019, we initiated a Phase 2 multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the treatment of moderate or severe lateral canthal lines (the "LCL Trial"). The objective was to understand the potential dosing of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the lateral canthal area. We released top-line results from the LCL Trial in June 2020. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild in wrinkle or line severity at Week 4 at maximum smile for crow’s feet. In the LCL Trial, 88% of subjects achieved a score of none or mild at Week 4 in at least one treatment group. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was well-tolerated at all dose levels. Adverse events were mild, localized and transient as expected and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events, as is common with other approved neuromodulators in the treatment of upper facial lines. One of the exploratory endpoints in the LCL Trial was duration of effect, defined as the median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity based on both investigator and patient assessment. At least one dose in the study demonstrated a median duration of effect of 24 weeks on crow’s feet. Interim data
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from the LCL Trial was used in the final design of the UFL Trial to optimize dosing and injection patterns, which is discussed above in Part I, Item 1. “Business—DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Upper Facial Lines.”
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection Therapeutic
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection is being developed for a variety of therapeutic indications, including cervical dystonia and upper limb spasticity. We will continue to evaluate development for other therapeutic indications, such as migraine, neurological movement and other disorders, based on the results of our current preclinical studies and clinical trials.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia
Cervical dystonia is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions of the head, neck, and shoulders, resulting in pain, abnormal movements and/or postural changes. While not life-threatening, cervical dystonia can be painful and may have a significant effect on a person’s quality of life. The cause of cervical dystonia is often unknown, and treatment with a neuromodulator is the current standard of care.
In May 2017, we announced top-line data from a 37-subject, Phase 2 dose-escalating study of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection to treat moderate to severe cervical dystonia. In 2018, we initiated the Phase 3 clinical trial program for cervical dystonia. ASPEN-1 Phase 3 is a 301-subject, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing two doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (125 Units and 250 Units) to placebo. In October 2020, we announced positive topline results from the ASPEN-1 trial. This pivotal study enrolled a total of 301 subjects at 60 sites in the U.S., Canada and Europe. Subjects were randomized 3:3:1 to receive a single treatment of either 125 Units or 250 Units of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or placebo and were followed for up to 36 weeks. The drug appeared to be well-tolerated at both doses. The study met its primary efficacy endpoint at both doses, demonstrating a clinically meaningful improvement in the signs and symptoms of cervical dystonia at the average of Weeks 4 and 6. Compared to placebo, subjects treated with either 125 Units or 250 Units showed a statistically significant greater change from baseline as measured on the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale Total Score. Median duration of effect was 24.0 and 20.3 weeks, for the 125 Unit and 250 Unit dose groups respectively, based on the median time to loss of 80% of the peak treatment effect. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events and no dose-dependent increase in adverse events was observed. Treatment-related adverse events were generally transient and mild to moderate in severity, with one case of neck pain reported as severe, which resolved two days after onset. The three most common treatment-related adverse events were (for 125 Units and 250 Units, respectively): injection site pain (7.9%, 4.7%), headache (4.7%, 4.7%), and injection site erythema (4.7%, 2.3%). The incidence of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and muscle weakness, which are considered adverse events of particular interest with neuromodulator treatments for cervical dystonia, was low (for 125 Units and 250 Units, respectively): dysphagia (1.6%, 3.9%) and muscular weakness (4.7%, 2.3%).
We completed the enrollment for ASPEN-OLS, a long-term safety study for cervical dystonia, with a total of 354 subjects and expect to release topline results in the second half of 2021. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for cervical dystonia is expected to be our first therapeutic indication of which we are aiming for regulatory approval in 2023.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Adult Upper Limb Spasticity
Spasticity is a motor symptom characterized by rigidity, muscle tightness, joint stiffness, involuntary jerky movements, exaggeration of reflexes, unusual posture, abnormal positioning and muscle spasms and can affect the hands, fingers, wrists, arms, elbows or shoulders. Muscle spasticity happens after the body’s nervous system has been damaged, most commonly by a stroke or brain injury. While not life-threatening, spasticity can be painful and may have a significant effect on a person’s quality of life. Neuromodulators are one of several approved therapies for the treatment of adult upper limb spasticity. Other treatments include oral and intrathecal muscle relaxants, physical therapy, splints, casts & braces, electrical stimulation, and surgery.
In December 2018, we initiated the JUNIPER Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for adults with moderate to severe upper limb spasticity due to stroke or traumatic brain injury. In February 2021, we announced topline data from the JUNIPER Phase 2 trial. Subjects were assigned to one of three doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (250 units, 375 units, or 500 units) or to placebo. The trial was originally designed to include 128 subjects. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 challenges
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related to continued subject enrollment and the scheduling of in-person study visits, the Company made the decision in June 2020 to curtail enrollment at 83 subjects.
The study’s co-primary endpoints were improvement from baseline in the Modified Ashworth Score (“MAS”) and the Physician Global Impression of Change (“PGIC”) score at Week 6. In the JUNIPER trial, proof of concept was demonstrated with all three doses being numerically higher than placebo for the improvement in the MAS score, with the 500-unit dose demonstrating a clinically meaningful and statistically significant reduction from baseline in muscle tone versus placebo (p=0.0488). Additionally, each of the three doses demonstrated a numerical improvement compared with placebo on the PGIC assessment but did not reach statistical significance.
The study was designed to run for up to 36 weeks, with the co-primary measures: mean change from baseline in muscle tone measured with the MAS in the suprahypertonic muscle group ("SMG" - the highest degree for muscle tone) of the elbow, wrist, or finger flexors at Week 6; and mean score of the PGIC at Week 6. The first 73 subjects, who were dosed before enrollment was paused in March due to the COVID-19 pandemic, were followed for up to 36 weeks, and the succeeding 10 subjects were followed up to Week 12.
On a key secondary endpoint, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection delivered a median duration of at least 24 weeks across all three doses. Duration of effect was defined as the time from injection (in weeks) until the loss of improvement as measured by the MAS (for the SMG) and the PGIC, or a request for retreatment by the subject.
All three doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection were generally safe and well tolerated with no increase in the incidence of adverse events observed in the higher dose treatment groups. The majority of treatment-related adverse events were mild or moderate in severity.
The JUNIPER Phase 2 trial generated sufficient data to inform our dosing strategy for our Phase 3 program. In 2021, we plan to schedule an end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA prior to finalizing a Phase 3 program.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is a painful affliction caused by inflammation of the ligament running along the bottom of the foot, which causes 80% of reported cases of heel pain. Neuromodulators are not currently approved for treating plantar fasciitis. In December 2018, we initiated a Phase 2 prospective, randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in reducing the signs and symptoms of plantar fasciitis. We released topline results in November 2020. The study’s primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline on the 10-point Numeric Pain Rating Scale ("NPRS") score averaged over five days at Week 8. In the trial, both doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection resulted in significant measurable pain relief after treatment that was numerically greater than placebo. However, neither dose met the primary efficacy endpoint of statistically significant improvement from baseline in the NPRS for foot pain at Week 8, compared to placebo. Subjects treated with DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection showed an average reduction from baseline of 3.29 on the NPRS (a 54.6% reduction) at 80U (p=0.2135 vs. placebo) and 3.25 on the NPRS (a 50.1% reduction) at 120U (p=0.2205 vs. placebo, p=0.9207 vs. 80U), compared to placebo subjects at 2.75 on the NPRS (a 45.1% reduction). DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was found to be safe and well-tolerated at both doses through Week 24. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events and no dose dependent increase in adverse events was observed. Treatment-related adverse events were generally transient and mild to moderate in severity. Although the results of this study did demonstrate pain relief on the NPRS that was numerically greater from baseline than placebo, neither was statistically significant. As such, we are not currently pursuing the plantar fasciitis indication, and we will focus our efforts on indications for muscle movement and pain disorder indications where the use of neuromodulators is well-established.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Migraine
Migraine headache is a central nervous system disorder characterized as moderate to severe headache and often includes other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Migraine headache affects more than 38 million people in the U.S., of which more than 3 million of whom suffer from chronic migraine headache. Chronic migraine headache is both undertreated
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and underdiagnosed and is defined as more than fifteen headache days per month over a three-month period of which more than eight are migrainous, in the absence of medication overuse.
We continue to evaluate the timing of the initiation of migraine clinical trials.
Topical
We are evaluating preclinically a topical program for indications currently served by neuromodulator treatments. A topical product presents several potential advantages, including painless topical administration, no bruising, ease of use and limited dependence on administration technique by physicians and medical staff. We believe these potential advantages may improve the experience of patients undergoing neuromodulator procedures and could make a topical product candidate suitable for multiple indications in the future. We may conduct additional preclinical work for a topical product candidate in therapeutic and aesthetic applications where neuromodulators have shown efficacy and are particularly well suited for injection-free treatments.
Our Strategic Collaborations
The RHA® Pipeline Products
In January 2020, we entered into the Teoxane Agreement with Teoxane, pursuant to which Teoxane granted us with an exclusive right to import, market, promote, sell and distribute the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S. and U.S. territories and possessions, in exchange for 2,500,000 shares of our common stock and certain other commitments by us. Of the RHA® Pipeline Products, RHA® 2, 3 and 4, or the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, have been approved by the FDA for the correction of moderate to severe dynamic facial wrinkles and folds. RHA® 1 is currently in ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of perioral rhytids (lip lines). Teoxane submitted the premarket approval application for RHA® 1 in January 2021 and is aiming for FDA approval in the second half of 2021.
From June to August 2020, we completed the PrevU program, a pre-launch promotional program of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, for select practices, including key opinion leaders. For additional information on the PrevU program, see “Sales and Marketing” below. In August 2020, we established our field sales team of approximately 100 members, and, in September 2020, we launched the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $12.9 million in product revenue and $4.8 million for cost of product revenue (exclusive of amortization) from the launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
The Teoxane Agreement is effective for a term of ten years from product launch and may be extended for a two-year period upon the mutual agreement of the parties. In September 2020, we entered into the First Amendment to the Teoxane Agreement to memorialize a revised launch date from April to September as a result of delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, we are required to meet certain minimum purchase obligations and certain minimum expenditure requirements, which are discussed in Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules—Notes to consolidated financial statements— Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies." If Teoxane pursues regulatory approval for RHA® Pipeline Products for certain new indications or filler technologies, including innovations with respect to existing products in the U.S., we will be subject to certain specified cost-sharing arrangements for third party expenses incurred in achieving regulatory approval for such products. We will also have a right of first negotiation with respect to any cosmeceutical products that Teoxane wishes to distribute in the U.S, and Teoxane will have a right of first negotiation in connection with the distribution of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for aesthetic use outside the U.S. and U.S. territories where Teoxane has an affiliate.
OnabotulinumtoxinA Biosimilar
We entered into the Viatris Collaboration in February 2018, under which Revance and Viatris are collaborating exclusively, on a worldwide basis (excluding Japan), to develop, manufacture, and commercialize a biosimilar to the branded biologic product (onabotulinumtoxinA) marketed as BOTOX®. In February 2019, we had a biosimilar initial advisory meeting (“BIAM”) with the FDA and Viatris on a proposed onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product candidate. Based on the FDA’s feedback, Revance and Viatris believe that a 351(k) pathway for the development of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar is viable.
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In August 2019, we entered into an amendment to the Viatris Collaboration (the “Viatris Amendment”) which, among other things, extended the period of time for Viatris to make a decision under the Viatris Collaboration (the “Continuation Decision”) as to whether to continue the biosimilar development program beyond the initial development plan and the BIAM. In accordance with the Viatris Amendment, Viatris was required to notify us of the Continuation Decision on or before the later of (i) April 30, 2020 or (ii) 30 calendar days from the date that we provide Viatris with certain deliverables. Pursuant to the Viatris Amendment, Viatris agreed to pay us an additional $5.0 million above the previously agreed non-refundable upfront payment of $25.0 million with contingent payments of up to $100.0 million, in the aggregate, upon the achievement of specified clinical and regulatory milestones, tiered sales milestones of up to $225.0 million, and royalties on sales of the biosimilar in the Viatris territories previously disclosed from the Viatris Collaboration. In June 2020, we announced that Viatris provided us its written notice of its Continuation Decision and paid us a $30 million milestone payment in connection with the Continuation Decision. We began the continuation phase of the onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar program and are moving forward with characterization and product development work, followed by an anticipated filing of an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) with the FDA in 2022. Viatris has paid us an aggregate of $60 million in non-refundable fees as of December 31, 2020.
Fosun License Agreement
In December 2018, we entered into the Fosun License Agreement with Fosun, whereby we granted Fosun the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the Fosun Territory and certain sublicense rights.
Fosun has paid us non-refundable upfront and other payments totaling $31.0 million before foreign withholding taxes as of December 31, 2020. We are also eligible to receive (i) additional remaining contingent payments of up to $229.5 million upon the achievement of certain milestones based on (a) the approval of BLAs for certain aesthetic and therapeutic indications and (b) first calendar year net sales, and (ii) tiered royalty payments in low double digits to high teen percentages on annual net sales. The royalty percentages are subject to reduction in the event that (i) we do not have any valid and unexpired patent claims that cover the product in the Fosun Territory, (ii) biosimilars of the product are sold in the Fosun Territory or (iii) Fosun needs to pay compensation to third parties to either avoid patent infringement or market the product in the Fosun Territory.
Our Technology
Our Proprietary Peptide Excipient Technology
Employing our proprietary peptide excipient technology may deliver improved performance when combined with other active drug macromolecules, as demonstrated in clinical trials with our lead candidate DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection Delivery of Botulinum Toxin
The DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection formulation incorporates our proprietary stabilizing peptide excipient along with the other excipients: polysorbate-20, buffers and a sugar. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection will be supplied as a lyophilized powder which will require reconstitution with saline prior to injection. The highly positively charged peptide excipient has been shown to bind non-covalently to the daxibotulinumtoxinA molecule. The unique formulation of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has permitted us to create a drug product without human serum albumin, found in all other FDA approved neuromodulator products. Preclinical and clinical data taken together suggest that DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection may provide long duration of effect at the target muscle with a safety profile consistent with currently approved neuromodulator products.
HintMD Platform
HintMD’s product offering includes the point of sale ("POS") platform, software and hardware terminal. The hardware terminal is manufactured by a third party manufacturer, and the POS platform and software are HintMD’s proprietary technologies. Another feature of the HintMD platform is a downloadable application on both Google’s Android
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and Apple’s iOS operating systems that allows patients to remotely interface with the practices’ terminals. The HintMD platform provides the below functionalities:
•Payment solution purposely built for aesthetics practices: HintMD’s POS platform provides a simple to use payment solution specifically designed for aesthetics practices, but also delivers insights about individual habits by integrating business intelligence into each practice with insights on patient visit counts, average patient spend, cross-selling patterns and revenue trends. The HintMD platform provides opportunities for practices to promote new treatments and products and introduce subscription plans. HintMD’s POS platform also integrates a range of administrative activities in one system to enable the scheduling of patient visits, viewing of patient information and processing of payments.
•Maximize membership through dynamic subscription programs: The HintMD platform allows physicians to design a personalized treatment plan for their patients using their recommended treatments and products on a subscription basis. Memberships give patients multiple payment options that are designed to fit a variety of budgets and provide flexible subscription options with the goal of enabling practices to offer a treatment regimen that is customized and affordable for the patient.
Manufacturing and Operations
We have established capabilities for the production of botulinum toxin type A, including bulk drug substance and injectable finished drug product. Botulinum toxin is regulated as a Tier 1 Select Agent under authority of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (“CDC”), and as such requires that we obtain a select agent registration and perform our operations in compliance with CDC regulations. We are in good standing under our select agent registration with the CDC. We have assembled a team of experienced individuals in the technical disciplines of chemistry, biology, biosafety, and engineering and have appropriately equipped laboratory space to support ongoing research and development efforts in our botulinum toxin product development platform. We have the ability to manufacture our own botulinum toxin bulk drug substance to support our clinical trial programs and eventually, our commercial production. We also plan to use third-party manufacturers to further scale-up DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection drug product manufacturing to meet anticipated commercial demand in the event of BLA approval.
In March 2017, we entered into, and in December 2020, we amended a Technology Transfer, Validation and Commercial Fill/Finish Services Agreement (as amended, the “ABPS Services Agreement”) with Ajinomoto Althea, Inc. dba Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services (“ABPS”), a contract development and manufacturing organization. ABPS will serve as a dual supply source and provide drug product manufacturing services for us at its aseptic manufacturing facility in San Diego, California. The ABPS Services Agreement also mitigates supply chain risk by giving us a second manufacturing location for drug product manufacturing. The December 2020 amendment, among other things, modified ABPS’s dedicated manufacturing capacity and buyback obligations and our related payment obligations for our neuromodulator products, as well as provisions relating to the cancellation of product batches and the termination of the ABPS Services Agreement. Under the ABPS Amendment, we are subject to minimum purchase obligations of $8.0 million for the year ended in December 31, 2021, and $30.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.
We manufacture and perform testing for both bulk drug substance and finished dosage strengths of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. The additional components required for our product lines and the peptide for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection are manufactured by third parties under contract with us. Please see “Outsourced Components” for additional information.
Drug Substance Manufacturing
Manufacture of the drug substance for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection is based on microbial fermentation followed by product recovery and purification steps. The process is entirely free of animal and human-derived materials and depends on standard raw materials available commercially. The process is already scaled to support expected future commercial demands. Bulk drug substance is stable when stored under required conditions, which allows us to establish reserves of drug substance and allows periodic drug substance production to replenish inventories as needed.
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Drug Product Manufacturing
Manufacture of dose forms to support the DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection programs is currently performed at our fill-finish facility. The manufacturing process consists of bulk compounding, liquid fill and freeze-drying to support acceptable shelf-life duration. We plan to perform further scale-up of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection drug product manufacturing to meet anticipated commercial demand and may utilize current and additional internal capacity, a third-party manufacturer such as ABPS or a combination of both.
Outsourced Components
We contract with third parties for the manufacture of our botulinum toxin and the additional components required for our products, which includes the manufacture of bulk peptide.
Our agreement with List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (“List Laboratories”), a developer of botulinum toxin, includes certain milestone payments related to the clinical development of our botulinum toxin products and the toxin manufacturing process. There is a royalty with an effective rate ranging from low-to-mid single-digit percentages of future sales of botulinum toxin. Our agreement with List Laboratories will remain in effect until expiration of our royalty obligations and may be terminated earlier on mutual agreement or because of a material breach by either party.
Our agreement with ABPS includes manufacture and supply of drug product in accordance with certain specifications. This agreement also includes certain quality control and inspection provisions through which we can ensure the satisfactory quality of our drug product. The ABPS Services Agreement has an initial term that will expire in March 2024, unless sooner terminated by either party in accordance with its terms.
Supply of the RHA® Collection of Dermal Fillers
The Teoxane Agreement granted us the exclusive right to import, market, promote, sell, and distribute the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S. The agreement is effective for a term of ten years and may be extended for two additional years upon mutual agreement, provided that agreed upon annual purchase and commercialization spend minimums are maintained. In September 2020, we entered into the First Amendment to the Teoxane Agreement to memorialize a revised launch date from April to September as a result of delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are a distributor of the RHA® Pipeline Products and are not involved in the manufacturing process.
Sales and Marketing
From June to August 2020, we completed the PrevU program, a pre-launch promotional program of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, for select practices, including key opinion leaders. The PrevU program, coupled with the ongoing RHA® Collection of dermal fillers education program, provided a solid foundation of experienced injectors to prepare for a full-scale rollout of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
In September 2020, we became a commercial company and launched the prestige aesthetics portfolio, which included the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and the HintMD platform. We completed the onboarding and training processes for our 100 plus person field force team in August 2020. The team will also support the potential launch of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines if approval is received.
Intellectual Property
Our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our drug candidates, novel biological discoveries, and drug development technology and other know-how, to operate without infringing on the proprietary or intellectual property rights of others and to prevent others from infringing our proprietary and intellectual property rights. We seek to protect our proprietary position by, among other methods, filing U.S. and foreign patent applications related to our proprietary technology, inventions and improvements that are important to the development and implementation of our business. We also rely on know-how, copyright, trademarks and trade secret laws, continuing technological innovation and potential in-licensing opportunities to develop and maintain our proprietary position. Such protection is also maintained using confidential non-disclosure agreements. Protection of our technologies is important for us
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to offer our customers proprietary services and products unavailable from our competitors, and to exclude our competitors from using technology that we have developed. If competitors in our industry have access to the same technology, our competitive position may be adversely affected.
It is possible that our current patents, or patents which we may later acquire or develop, may be successfully challenged or invalidated in whole or in part. It is also possible that we may not obtain issued patents from our pending patent applications or other inventions we seek to protect. Due to uncertainties inherent in prosecuting patent applications, sometimes patent applications are rejected and we subsequently abandon them. It is also possible that we may develop proprietary products or technologies in the future that are not patentable or that the patents of others will limit or altogether preclude our ability to do business. In addition, any patent issued to us, or any of our pending patent applications, may provide us with little or no competitive advantage, in which case we may abandon such patent, or patent applications, or license them to another entity. Please refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Intellectual Property.” for more information.
In June 2016, we entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “BTRX Purchase Agreement”) with Botulinum Toxin Research Associates, Inc. (“BTRX”). Under the BTRX Purchase Agreement, we acquired all rights, title and interest in a portfolio of botulinum toxin-related patents and patent applications from BTRX and were granted the right of first negotiation and of right of first refusal with respect to other botulinum toxin-related patents owned or controlled by BTRX.
As of December 31, 2020, Revance, including HintMD, held approximately 465 issued patents and approximately 133 pending patent applications, including foreign counterparts of U.S. patents and applications. 43 of our patents are issued in the U.S., with the rest issued in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, various countries in Europe, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore and South Africa. In addition, we have pending patent applications in the U.S. as well as in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Europe, Hong Kong, Israel, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Singapore. The earliest that any of our U.S. patents will expire is July 20, 2021 for U.S. Patent No. 7807780. The latest that any of our U.S. patents will expire is July 20, 2035. We will continue to pursue additional patent protection as well as take appropriate measures to obtain and maintain proprietary protection for our innovative technologies.
On May 2, 2018, Allergan plc filed an Opposition in the European Patent Office against our European Patent No. EP 2 661 276 titled “Topical composition comprising botulinum toxin and a dye.” While the opposed patent is not material to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, we continue to take appropriate measures to defend the patent and have appealed a decision to revoke the patent, which remains in force during the appeal. On May 2, 2019 our European Patent No. EP 2 490 986 B1 for “Methods and Systems For Purifying Non-Complexed Botulinum Neurotoxin” was opposed. We are vigorously defending this patent in the European Patent Office. We were informed in May 2019 that our patent application NC2018/0005351 pending in Colombia for “Injectable Botulinum Toxin Formulations And Methods of Use Thereof Having Long Duration of Therapeutic Effect” was opposed. We have responded to this pre-grant opposition. Furthermore, even if our patents and applications are unchallenged, they may not adequately protect our intellectual property or prevent others from designing around our claims.
Our registered U.S. trademarks include REVANCE®, MOTISTE®, “Remarkable Science Changes Everything®”, “Remarkable Science. Enduring Performance®”, R Logo® and SUBSCRIBE TO YOUR BEST SELF®.
Competition
We have entered and expect to continue to enter highly competitive pharmaceutical and medical device markets. Successful competitors have the ability to effectively discover, develop, test and obtain regulatory approvals for products, as well as the ability to effectively commercialize, market and promote approved products. Numerous companies are engaged in the development, financial, research, manufacture and marketing of healthcare products competitive with those that we are developing. Our competitors may also have more experience and expertise in obtaining marketing approvals from the FDA and other regulatory authorities. Our competitors may be able to develop competing or superior technologies and processes, and compete more aggressively and sustain that competition over a longer period of time than we could. Our technologies and products may be rendered obsolete or uneconomical by technological advances or entirely different approaches developed by one or more of our competitors. As more companies develop new intellectual property in our markets, the
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possibility of a competitor acquiring patent or other rights that may limit our products or potential products increases, which could lead to litigation.
Based on our ongoing clinical trials and submission of our BLA to the FDA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the treatment of glabellar lines, we will continue to pursue additional regulatory approvals for the indications supported in these trials. Initially, we expect to compete directly with competitors that sell an injectable neuromodulator product and dermal fillers in the markets where we have a labeled indication and/or regulatory clearance.
Injectable Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulators
Our primary competitors for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection globally are expected to be companies offering injectable dose forms of neuromodulators, including:
•BOTOX® and BOTOX® Cosmetic, which are marketed by Abbvie. The FDA approved BOTOX® and BOTOX® Cosmetic for multiple indications, including glabellar lines, forehead lines, crow’s feet, axillary hyperhidrosis, upper and lower limb spasticity, cervical dystonia, strabismus, blepharospasm, chronic migraine, incontinence, overactive bladder and pediatric detrusor overactivity. Abbvie is a leading global pharmaceutical company with significant research, discovery, and delivery capabilities.
•Dysport®, an injectable neuromodulator, which is marketed by Ipsen Ltd. ("Ipsen") and Galderma. Dysport® has been approved for the treatment of glabellar lines, cervical dystonia, and upper and lower limb spasticity. Galderma has rights to market the product in the U.S. and Canada. Ipsen granted Galderma an exclusive development and marketing license for Dysport® for cosmetic indications in the European Union, Russia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, and first rights of negotiation for other countries around the world, except the U.S., Canada and Japan. Galderma is Ipsen’s sole distributor for Dysport® in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. The health authorities of 15 European countries have also approved Dysport® for glabellar lines under the trade name Azzalure®.
•Myobloc® (rimabotulinumtoxinB), an injectable neuromodulator, which is marketed by US WorldMeds. The FDA approved Myobloc® for the treatment of cervical dystonia and chronic sialorrhea.
•Xeomin®, an injectable neuromodulator, which is marketed by Merz Pharma ("Merz"). The FDA approved Xeomin® for the treatment of glabellar lines, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, upper limb spasticity and chronic sialorrhea. Xeomin® is also currently approved for the treatment of glabellar lines in Korea, Argentina and Mexico, and therapeutic indications in most countries in the European Union, Canada and certain countries in Latin America and Asia. Bocouture® (rebranded from Xeomin®), marketed by Merz, has approval for glabellar lines in Germany and the European Union.
•Jeuveau®, an injectable neuromodulator, which is marked by Evolus, Inc. ("Evolus") in the U.S. The FDA approved Jeuveau® for the treatment of glabellar lines only. Jeuveau® is also known as NABOTA® in South Korea as well as in other geographic areas and was designated Nuceiva™ in Canada.
We are aware of competing neuromodulators currently being developed or commercialized in the U.S., Asia, South America and other markets. Some of these markets may or may not require adherence to the FDA’s current good manufacturing practice standards (“cGMPs”) or the regulatory requirements of the EMA or other regulatory agencies in countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. While some of these products may not meet U.S. regulatory standards, the companies operating in these markets may be able to produce products at a lower cost than U.S. and European manufacturers. In addition to the injectable neuromodulator forms, we are aware that other companies are developing topical botulinum toxins for cosmetic and therapeutics indications and are conducting clinical trials for acne, facial aesthetic and hyperhidrosis.
Dermal Fillers
Our primary competitors for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the U.S. include:
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•the Juvéderm family of fillers, which are marketed by AbbVie. The FDA has approved Juvéderm VOLUMA® XC for the correction of age-related volume loss in the mid-face for up to 2 years; Juvéderm® Ultra XC, which contains lidocaine, for injection into the lips and perioral area for lip augmentation; Juvéderm Ultra Plus XC, which contains lidocaine, for injection in the facial tissue to smooth wrinkles and folds, especially around the nose and mouth; and Juvéderm Volbella® XC for use in the lips for lip augmentation and for correction of perioral lines.
•the Restylane® family of fillers, which are marketed by Galderma. The FDA has approved Restylane® Refyne for the treatment of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds; Restylane® Defyne for the treatment of moderate to severe, deep facial wrinkles and folds; Restylane® and Restylane-L® for mid-to-deep injection into the facial tissue for the correction of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds, such as nasolabial folds and for injection into the lips; and Restylane® Lyft, formerly marketed as Perlane-L®, which contains lidocaine, for cheek augmentation and the correction of age-related mid-face contour deficiencies.
•Radiesse®, a calcium hydroxylapatite marketed by BioForm Medical, Inc., which was acquired by Merz; Sculptra® which is marketed by Galderma, and Belotero Balance®, which is marked by Merz.
Aesthetic Fintech Platforms
The payment processing solutions market is large and competitive, but HintMD’s industry focus on aesthetic practices and its vertically integrated payments platform provide a competitive advantage. HintMD has focused on aesthetic practices since inception and has developed a strong understanding of the unique needs and requirements of aesthetic practices.
HintMD expects competition to increase in the future from both established competitors and new market entrants. Current competitors include:
•Incumbent payment processing solution providers, including Square and Stripe;
•Banks that offer payment solutions; and
•Electronic medical record systems that offer payment solutions, such as Modernizing Medicine and Nextech.
Government Regulations
Product Approval Process in the U.S.
In the U.S., the FDA regulates drugs and biologic products under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”), its implementing regulations, and other laws, including, in the case of biologics, the Public Health Service Act. Our product candidates, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, are subject to regulation by the FDA as biologics. Biologics require the submission of a BLA to the FDA and approval of the BLA by the FDA before marketing in the U.S.
The process of obtaining regulatory approvals for commercial sale and distribution and the subsequent compliance with applicable federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to administrative or judicial civil or criminal sanctions. These sanctions could include the FDA’s refusal to approve pending applications, license suspension or revocation, withdrawal of an approval, imposition of a clinical hold on clinical trials, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties. The process required by the FDA before a biologic may be marketed in the U.S. generally involves the following:
•completion of preclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies performed in accordance with the FDA’s current good laboratory practices (“GLPs”);
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•submission to the FDA of an IND which must become effective before human clinical trials in the U.S. may begin;
•approval by an institutional review board ("IRB"), at each clinical trial site before each trial may be initiated;
•performance of adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s current good clinical practices (“GCP”) regulations to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for its intended use;
•submission to the FDA of a BLA;
•satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection, if the FDA deems it as a requirement, of the manufacturing facility or facilities where the product is produced to assess compliance with the FDA’s cGMP regulations to assure that the facilities, methods and controls are adequate to preserve the product’s identity, strength, potency, quality and purity, as well as compliance with applicable Quality System Regulations (“QSR”), for devices;
•potential inspections by the FDA of the nonclinical and clinical trial sites that generated the data in support of the BLA;
•potential review of the BLA by an external advisory committee to the FDA, whose recommendations are not binding on the FDA; and
•FDA review and approval of the BLA prior to any commercial marketing or sale.
Preclinical Studies
Before testing any compounds with potential therapeutic value in humans, the product candidate enters the preclinical testing stage. Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, stability and formulation, as well as animal studies to assess the potential toxicity and activity of the product candidate. The conduct of the preclinical tests must comply with federal regulations and requirements including GLPs. The sponsor must submit the results of the preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information, analytical data, any available clinical data or literature and a proposed clinical protocol, to the FDA as part of the IND. The IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA raises concerns or questions about the conduct of the clinical trial, including concerns that human research subjects will be exposed to unreasonable health risks. In such a case, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding concerns before the clinical trial can begin. The FDA may also impose clinical holds on a product candidate at any time before or during clinical trials due to safety concerns or non-compliance, or for other reasons.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human patients under the supervision of qualified investigators, generally physicians not employed by or under the clinical trial sponsor’s control. Clinical trials are conducted under protocols detailing, among other things, the objectives of the clinical trial, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitor subject safety and effectiveness. Each protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the IND. Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with GCPs. Further, each clinical trial must be reviewed and approved by an IRB at or servicing each institution at which the clinical trial will be conducted. An IRB is charged with protecting the welfare and rights of clinical trial participants and considers such items as whether the risks to individuals participating in the clinical trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the form and content of the informed consent that must be signed by each clinical trial subject or his or her legal representative and must monitor the clinical trial until completed. Human clinical trials are typically conducted in three sequential phases that may overlap or be combined:
•Phase 1. The product candidate is initially introduced into a limited population of healthy human subjects and tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. In the case of some products for some diseases, or when the product may be too inherently toxic to ethically administer to healthy
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volunteers, the initial human testing is often conducted in patients with the disease or condition for which the product candidate is intended to gain an early indication of its effectiveness.
•Phase 2. The product candidate is evaluated in a limited patient population, but larger than in Phase 1, to identify possible adverse events and safety risks, to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy of the product for specific targeted indications and to assess dosage tolerance, optimal dosage and dosing schedule.
•Phase 3. Clinical trials are undertaken to further evaluate dosage, and provide substantial evidence of clinical efficacy and safety in an expanded patient population, such as several hundred to several thousand, at geographically dispersed clinical trial sites. Phase 3 clinical trials are typically conducted when Phase 2 clinical trials demonstrate that a dose range of the product candidate is effective and has an acceptable safety profile. These trials typically have at least 2 groups of patients who, in a blinded fashion, receive either the product or a placebo. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall risk/benefit ratio of the product and provide an adequate basis for product labeling. Generally, two adequate and well-controlled Phase 3 clinical trials are required by the FDA for approval of a BLA.
Post-approval trials, sometimes referred to as Phase 4 clinical trials, may be conducted after initial marketing approval. These trials are used to gain additional experience from the treatment of patients in the intended therapeutic indication to further assess the biologic’s safety and effectiveness after BLA approval. Phase 4 trials can be initiated by the drug sponsor or as a condition of BLA approval by the FDA.
Annual progress reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted to the FDA and written IND safety reports must be promptly submitted to the FDA and the investigators for serious and unexpected adverse events or any finding from tests in laboratory animals that suggests a significant risk for human subjects.
Concurrent with clinical trials, companies usually complete additional animal studies and must also develop additional information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the biologic and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in commercial quantities in accordance with cGMP requirements. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality batches of the product candidate and, among other things, must develop methods for testing the identity, strength, quality and purity of the final biologic product. Additionally, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studies must be conducted to demonstrate that the product candidate does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life.
U.S. Review and Approval Processes
The results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials, along with descriptions of the manufacturing process, analytical tests, proposed labeling and other relevant information are submitted to the FDA in the form of a BLA requesting approval to market the product for one or more specified indications. The submission of a BLA is subject to the payment of substantial user fees.
Once the FDA receives a BLA, it has 60 days to review the BLA to determine if it is substantially complete and the data are readable, before it accepts the BLA for filing. Once the submission is accepted for filing, the FDA begins an in-depth review of the BLA. Under the goals and policies agreed to by the FDA under the PDUFA, the FDA has twelve months from submission in which to complete its initial review of a standard BLA and make a decision on the application, and eight months from submission for a priority BLA, and such deadline is referred to as the PDUFA date. The FDA does not always meet its PDUFA dates for either standard or priority BLAs. The review process and the PDUFA date may be extended by three months if the FDA requests or the BLA sponsor otherwise provides additional information or clarification regarding information already provided in the submission within the last three months before the PDUFA date.
After the BLA submission is accepted for filing, the FDA reviews the BLA to determine, among other things, whether the proposed product is safe and effective for its intended use, and whether the product is being manufactured in accordance with cGMP to assure and preserve the product’s identity, strength, potency, quality and purity. The FDA may refer applications for novel drug or biological products or drug or biological products which present difficult questions of safety or efficacy to an advisory committee, typically a panel that includes clinicians and other experts, for review, evaluation and a recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under what conditions. The FDA is not bound
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by the recommendations of an advisory committee, but it considers such recommendations carefully when making decisions. During the approval process, the FDA also will determine whether a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (“REMS”) is necessary to assure the safe use of the product. If the FDA concludes a REMS is needed, the sponsor of the BLA must submit a proposed REMS; the FDA will not approve the BLA without an approved REMS, if required. A REMS can substantially increase the costs of obtaining approval and limit commercial opportunity.
Before approving a BLA, the FDA can inspect the facilities at which the product is manufactured. The FDA will not approve the BLA unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications. Additionally, before approving a BLA, the FDA will typically inspect one or more clinical sites to assure that the clinical trials were conducted in compliance with GCP requirements. If the FDA determines that the application, manufacturing process or manufacturing facilities are not acceptable, it will outline the deficiencies in the submission and often will request additional clinical testing or information before a BLA can be approved.
The FDA will issue a complete response letter if the agency decides not to approve the BLA. The complete response letter describes all of the specific deficiencies in the BLA identified by the FDA during review. The deficiencies identified may be minor, for example, requiring labeling changes, or major, for example, requiring additional clinical trials. Additionally, the complete response letter may include recommended actions that the applicant might take to place the application in a condition for approval. If a complete response letter is issued, the applicant may either resubmit the BLA, addressing all of the deficiencies identified in the letter, or withdraw the application.
If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited to specific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. Further, the FDA may require that certain contraindications, warnings or precautions be included in the product labeling. In addition, the FDA may require post marketing studies, sometimes referred to as Phase 4 testing, which involves clinical trials designed to further assess drug safety and effectiveness and may require testing and surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products that have been commercialized. After approval, certain changes to the approved biologic, such as adding new indications, manufacturing changes or additional labeling claims, are subject to further FDA review and approval. Depending on the nature of the change proposed, a BLA supplement must be submitted and approved before the change may be implemented. For many proposed post-approval changes to a BLA, the FDA has up to 180 days to review the supplement. As with new BLAs, the review process is often significantly extended by the FDA requests for additional information or clarification.
Post-Approval Requirements
Any biologic products for which we receive FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including, among other things, record-keeping requirements, reporting of adverse experiences with the product, providing the FDA with updated safety and efficacy information, product sampling and distribution requirements, complying with certain electronic records and signature requirements and complying with FDA promotion and advertising requirements, which include, among others, restrictions on direct-to-consumer advertising, promoting biologics for uses or in patient populations that are not described in the product’s approved labeling, known as “off-label use,” industry-sponsored scientific and educational activities, and promotional activities involving the internet. The FDA and other agencies closely regulate the post-approval marketing and promotion of biologics, and although physicians may prescribe legally available drugs for off-label uses, manufacturers may not market or promote such off-label uses. The FDA does not regulate the behavior of physicians in their choice of treatments but the FDA does restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of off-label use of their products. Failure to comply with these or other FDA requirements can subject a manufacturer to possible legal or regulatory action, such as warning letters, suspension of manufacturing, seizure of product, injunctive action, mandated corrective advertising or communications with healthcare professionals, possible civil or criminal penalties or other negative consequences, including adverse publicity.
We currently manufacture clinical drug supplies using a combination of third-party manufacturers and our own manufacturing facility in order to support both of our product candidates and plan to do so on a commercial scale if our product candidates are approved. Our future collaborators may also utilize third parties for some or all of a product we are developing with such collaborator. We and our third-party manufacturers are required to comply with applicable FDA manufacturing requirements contained in the FDA’s cGMP regulations. cGMP regulations require among other things,
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quality control and quality assurance as well as the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Drug manufacturers and other entities involved in the manufacture and distribution of approved biologics are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliance with cGMP and other laws. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance.
U.S. Patent Term Restoration and Marketing Exclusivity
Depending upon the timing, duration and specifics of the FDA approval of our biologic product candidate, one or more of our U.S. patents may be eligible to be the basis for an application for limited patent term extension under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly referred to as the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. The Hatch-Waxman Amendments permit a patent restoration term of up to five years as compensation for patent term lost during the FDA regulatory review process, which coincides with the period of product development and regulatory review. However, patent term restoration cannot extend the remaining term of a patent beyond a total of 14 years from the product’s approval date. The patent term restoration period is generally one-half the time between the effective date of an IND and the submission date of a BLA plus the time between the submission date of a BLA and the approval of that application. Only one patent applicable to an approved product may be extended, and the application for the extension must be submitted prior to the expiration of the patent and within 60 days after drug approval. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, in consultation with the FDA, reviews and approves the application for any patent term extension. In the future, we may apply for extension of patent term for one or more of our currently owned or licensed patents to add patent term beyond the current expiration date of one of our patents, depending on the expected length of the clinical trials and other factors involved in the filing of the relevant BLA.
Market exclusivity provisions under the FDCA can also delay the submission or the approval of certain applications of other companies seeking to reference another company’s BLA. Specifically, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (“BPCIA”), established an abbreviated pathway for the approval of biosimilar and interchangeable biological products. Under the BPCIA, an application for a biosimilar product cannot be approved by the FDA until twelve years after the original branded product was approved under a BLA. However, an application may be submitted after four years, which initiates a process in which the innovator BLA holder and the biosimilar applicant identify patents that could be litigated and resolve patent disputes.
Product Approval Process Outside the U.S.
In addition to regulations in the U.S., we will be subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing manufacturing, clinical trials, commercial sales and distribution of our future products. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product candidate, we must obtain approval of the product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before commencing clinical trials or marketing in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country.
Under European Union regulatory systems, marketing authorizations may be submitted either under a centralized, decentralized or mutual recognition procedure. The centralized procedure provides for the grant of a single marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union member states. The decentralized procedure includes selecting one reference member state (“RMS”), and submitting to more than one member state at the same time. The RMS National Competent Authority conducts a detailed review and prepares an assessment report, to which concerned member states provide comment. The mutual recognition procedure provides for mutual recognition of national approval decisions. Under this procedure, the holder of a national marketing authorization may submit an application to the remaining member states post-initial approval. Within 90 days of receiving the applications and assessment report, each member state must decide whether to recognize approval.
Federal and State Fraud and Abuse and Data Privacy and Security Laws and Regulations
In addition to FDA restrictions on marketing of pharmaceutical products, our current and future arrangements with healthcare providers, third-party payors, customers, and others may expose us to broadly applicable fraud and abuse and other healthcare laws and regulations, which may constrain the business or financial arrangements and relationships through which
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we research, as well as, sell, market and distribute any product for which we obtain marketing approval. The federal and state fraud and abuse laws that restrict certain business practices in the biotechnology industry include but are not limited to anti-kickback and false claims statutes.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits, among other things, individuals and entities from knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving remuneration to induce, or in return for, purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for the purchase, lease or order of any item or service reimbursable, in whole or in part, under Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs. The term “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including for example, gifts, discounts, the furnishing of supplies or equipment, credit arrangements, payments of cash, waivers of payment, ownership interests and providing anything at less than its fair market value. The federal Anti-Kickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements between pharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers and formulary managers on the other. Although there are a number of statutory exemptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting certain common activities from prosecution, the exemptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly and require strict compliance in order to offer protection. Practices that involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualify for an exemption or safe harbor. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the statute has been violated. The reach of the Anti-Kickback Statute was also broadened by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “ACA”), which, among other things, amended the intent requirement of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute. Pursuant to the statutory amendment, a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. In addition, the ACA provides that the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the civil False Claims Act or the civil monetary penalties statute.
The federal civil and criminal false claims laws, including the civil False Claims Act, and the federal civil monetary penalties laws prohibit, among other things, any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false claim for payment to the federal government or knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim to avoid, decrease or conceal an obligation to pay money to the federal government. Pharmaceutical and other healthcare companies have been prosecuted under these laws for allegedly providing free products to customers with the expectation that the customers would bill federal programs for the product. Other companies have been prosecuted for causing false claims to be submitted because of the companies’ marketing of the product for unapproved, and thus non-reimbursable, uses.
The federal transparency requirements under the ACA, commonly referred to as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, require certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies to annually report to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians, as defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and, and teaching hospitals and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Beginning in 2022, applicable manufacturers also will be required to report information related to payments and other transfers of value provided in the previous year to physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists and anesthesiology assistants, and certified nurse-midwives.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act imposes criminal and civil liability for, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, or knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false statement, in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.
Similar state, local and foreign healthcare laws and regulations may also restrict business practices in the biotechnology industry, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws, which may apply to business practices including but not limited to, research, distribution, sales or marketing arrangements and claims involving healthcare items or services reimbursed by non-governmental third party payors, including private insurers, or that apply regardless of payor; state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the
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relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government; state and local laws that require drug manufacturers to report information related to payments and other transfers of value to physicians and other healthcare providers or marketing expenditures; state laws that require the reporting of information related to drug pricing; state and local laws requiring the registration of pharmaceutical sales representatives; and state and foreign laws governing the privacy and security of health information in some circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and often are not preempted by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, thus complicating compliance efforts.
In General
The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the compliance with appropriate federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations require the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of available statutory and regulatory exemptions, it is possible that some of our business activities now and in the future could be subject to challenge under one or more of these laws. If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the federal and state laws described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to significant penalties, including criminal and significant civil monetary penalties, damages, fines, imprisonment, exclusion of products from reimbursement under government healthcare programs, integrity oversight and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. To the extent that any of our products are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws and regulations, which may include, for instance, applicable post-marketing requirements, including safety surveillance, anti-fraud and abuse laws and implementation of corporate compliance programs and reporting of payments or transfers of value to healthcare professionals.
U.S. and Foreign Privacy and Security Laws and Regulations
We are subject to federal laws and regulations that seek to protect U.S. consumers and patients and to govern the collection, use, maintenance, storage, disclosure, protection, transfer, and destruction (collectively, the “processing”) of information that directly or indirectly identifies individuals (“personal information”), including personal information of patients and consumers who reside in the United States. Additionally, state and local laws govern the protection of consumers and the processing of the personal information of a state’s residents processed by businesses operating inside or outside of their physical borders (collectively, these federal and state laws and regulations are referred to as “privacy laws”). Most federal privacy laws apply to our actions within specific industry sectors. The most significant of these privacy laws for us is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”), and each of their implementing regulations (collectively, “HIPAA”), which applies to certain of our actions within the health care sector. HIPAA imposes strict privacy, security, and breach notification obligations and standards on “covered entities” related to their use and disclosure of individually identifiable health information, defined by HIPAA as “protected health information” or “PHI”. Covered entities are defined under HIPAA to include healthcare providers that undertake certain electronic transmissions of PHI, such as submitting electronic claims for reimbursement for the treatment of patients. Many of our health care provider customers are considered to be covered entities. HIPAA also applies to companies that create, receive, maintain, or transmit PHI for or on behalf of a covered entity (called “business associates”). Even though we are generally not a covered entity or a business associate in our general business activities, HIPAA limits the amount of data including PHI that can be shared between our business and our health care provider customers. In certain of our activities, Revance or Hint also may be considered a business associate of Hint's aesthetic practice customers and directly subject to HIPAA, for instance when we enter into business associate agreements with covered entities related to our HintMD business, as discussed more below. We also may be subject to certain of HIPAA’s provisions as a covered entity related to our company health plan. HIPAA is generally enforced by the Office of Civil Rights (“OCR”) that can bring enforcement actions against companies that violate HIPAA’s privacy, security or breach notification rules and levy significant civil fines and/or require changes to the manner in which PHI is used and disclosed. The Department of Justice has jurisdiction under HIPAA to bring criminal enforcement actions against covered entities, business associates and possibly other entities for fraudulent misuse of PHI and other criminal acts. Further, HIPAA provides state attorneys general authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. Further, if we are in possession of PHI as a business associate or as part of our health plan covered entity and we have an unauthorized use or disclosure of the PHI, we will be required pursuant to the HIPAA breach notification rule, to notify our customer covered entity, or notify patients, and/or OCR and HHS, of which OCR is a part. In addition to HIPAA, there could also be other federal privacy laws that might
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impact smaller parts of our operations such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act when we undertake employee screening and background checks.
In addition to federal privacy laws, such as HIPAA, we are also subject to federal laws that apply to how we conduct consumer marketing and advertising. The most significant of these federal laws is Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTCA”), which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices directed toward consumers. The FTC has brought aggressive enforcement actions against companies they believe have made material misrepresentations on their website or mobile app privacy statements with respect to their processing of personal information of consumers. Additionally, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”) governs the manner in which we send mobile phone marketing and commercial messages to consumers. The Federal Communication Commission enforces the TCPA, however, the TCPA includes a private right of action with statutory damages and there have been lawsuits brought by private plaintiffs against biopharmaceutical and medical device companies.
In addition, state privacy laws include consumer protection laws that are very similar to the FTCA and that are enforced by state attorneys general. Other state laws, including those that govern health information and may be more stringent than HIPAA, also govern our processing of personal information, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not have the same effect, thus complicating our compliance efforts, potentially increasing the financial costs of compliance, and exposure to liability.
For example, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, and its subsequent implementing regulations (collectively, the “CCPA”), which created new individual privacy rights for California consumers (as defined in the law) including providing consumers a private right of action and receipt of a statutory damages award for a breach of their personal information. The CCPA places significant privacy and security obligations on entities handling personal information of California consumers or households. The CCPA requires covered entities to provide certain disclosures to consumers about its data collection, use and sharing practices, and to provide affected California residents with ways to opt-out of certain sales or transfers of personal information. The statutory obligations of CCPA went into effect on January 1, 2020. While there is currently an exception for protected health information that is subject to HIPAA and for personal information collected pursuant to certain clinical trial regulations, the CCPA may impact our business depending on how the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced. In addition, California recently passed the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (the “CPRA”), which goes into effect on January 1, 2023. Pursuant to the CPRA, the CCPA will be amended by creating additional privacy rights for California consumers and additional obligations on businesses, which could subject us to additional compliance costs as well as potential fines, individual claims and commercial liabilities. The uncertainty and rapidity with which the CCPA and CPRA have changed exemplifies the vulnerability of our business to the evolving regulatory environment related to personal information. Other states in the United States are also beginning to propose laws similar to the CCPA. Some observers have noted that the CCPA and CPRA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S., which could increase our potential liability and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our operations abroad may also be subject to increased scrutiny or attention from data protection authorities. Many countries in these regions have established or are in the process of establishing privacy laws with which we, our customers, and our vendors must comply. For example, member states of the European Economic Area (“EEA”) have adopted the General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 (“GDPR”) , which came into effect in May 2018 and introduces strict requirements for the processing of personal data of data subjects in the EEA, including clinical trial data. The GDPR has increased compliance burdens on us, including by requiring the following: establishing a legal basis for processing personal data; creating obligations for controllers and processors to appoint data protection officers in certain circumstances; increasing transparency obligations to data subjects for controllers (including presentation of certain information in a concise, intelligible and easily accessible form about how their personal data is used and their rights vis-à-vis that data and its use); introducing the obligation to carry out so-called data protection impact assessments in certain circumstances; establishing limitations on collection and retention of personal data through ‘purpose,’ ‘data minimization’ and ‘storage limitation’ principles; establishing obligations to implement ‘privacy by design’ introducing obligations to honor increased rights for data subjects (such as rights for individuals to be ‘forgotten,’ rights to data portability, rights to object in certain circumstances); formalizing a heightened and codified standard of data subject consent; establishing obligations to implement certain technical and organizational safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of personal data; introducing obligations to agree to certain specific contractual terms and to take certain measures when engaging third party processors and joint controllers; introducing the obligation to provide notice of certain significant security breaches to the relevant
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supervisory authority(ies) and affected individuals; and mandating the appointment of representatives in the European Union in certain circumstances. The processing of ‘special categories of personal data’ (such as data concerning health, biometric data used for unique identification purposes and genetic information) imposes further heightened compliance burdens under the GDPR and is a topic of active interest among foreign regulators. The GDPR increases our obligations with respect to clinical trials conducted in Europe by expressly expanding the definition of personal data to include ‘pseudonymized’ or key-coded data and requiring changes to informed consent practices and more detailed notices for clinical trial subjects and investigators. The GDPR also provides that EEA member states should make their own further laws and regulations to introduce specific requirements related to the processing of ‘special categories of personal data,’ as well as personal information related to criminal offenses or convictions. This fact may lead to greater divergence on the law that applies to the processing of such data types across the EEA, compliance with which, as and where applicable, may increase our costs and could increase our overall compliance risk. In addition, the GDPR provides for robust regulatory enforcement and greater penalties for noncompliance than previous data protection laws, including fines of up to €20 million or 4 percent of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company for the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. In addition to administrative fines, a wide variety of other potential enforcement powers are available to competent supervisory authorities in respect of potential and suspected violations of the GDPR, including extensive audit and inspection rights, and powers to order temporary or permanent bans on all or some processing of personal information carried out by non-compliant actors. The GDPR also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies, and obtain compensation for damages resulting from violations of the GDPR.
In addition to the above privacy laws that are generally applicable to our business, our physician customers use the HintMD platform to process personal information and PHI. Where we are determined to be a business associate of our physician customers who are covered entities pursuant to HIPAA, the HIPAA security and breach rules would apply directly to our business associate activities. Further, the terms of the business associate agreements we enter into with covered entities would also generally apply parts of the HIPAA privacy rule to our activities.
The costs of compliance with HIPAA, federal and state privacy laws and breach notification laws, the GDPR and other foreign privacy laws as well as the associated burdens imposed by such non-harmonized laws, may limit the use or adoption of the HintMD platform, lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities related to noncompliance, or slow the pace at which we undertake our business or close sales of the HintMD platform, any of which could harm our business. Moreover, if our employees fail to adhere to the company’s processes and practices for the protection and/or appropriate use of personal information or PHI, or in other ways violate privacy laws or breach notification laws, it may damage our reputation and brand. Finally, any failure by our vendors to comply with the terms of our contractual provisions or the applicable privacy laws or breach notification laws, could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities or others.
As our business continues to expand in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, and as laws and regulations continue to be passed and their interpretations continue to evolve in numerous jurisdictions, additional laws and regulations may become relevant to us. It is possible that the GDPR, CCPA, CRPA, or other laws and regulations relating to privacy and data protection may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction or inconsistent with our current policies and practices and compliance with such laws and regulations could require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business. The cost of compliance with these laws, regulations and standards is high and is likely to increase in the future. In many jurisdictions, enforcement actions and consequences for noncompliance are rising. We cannot guarantee that we are in compliance with all such applicable data protection laws and regulations as they are enforced now or as they evolve.
Security Failures and Breach Notification Laws
Our internal computer systems, cloud-based computing services and those of our current and any future vendors, collaborators, contractors, or consultants are vulnerable to interruption. Cyberattacks and other malicious internet-based activity continue to increase. In addition to traditional computer “hackers,” malicious code (such as viruses and worms), employee theft or misuse and denial-of-service attacks, sophisticated nation-state and nation-state supported actors now engage in attacks (including advanced persistent threat intrusions). We cannot guarantee that our or our vendors, collaborators, contractors, or consultants’ security measures will be sufficient to protect against unauthorized access to, or other compromise of, personal information or confidential or proprietary information. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our employees are temporarily working remotely, which may pose additional data security risks. We may also be the subject of phishing attacks, viruses, denial of service attacks, malware installation, server malfunction, software or hardware failures,
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loss of data or other computer assets, adware or other similar issues. While we have security measures in place designed to protect customer information and prevent data loss and other security breaches, there can be no assurance that our security measures or those of our third-party service providers that store or otherwise process certain of our and our customers’ data on our behalf will be effective in protecting against unauthorized access to our platform or our or our customers’ information. Our platform, systems, networks, and physical facilities could be breached, or personal information could be otherwise compromised due to employee error or malfeasance, if, for example, third parties attempt to fraudulently induce our employees or our customers to disclose information or user names and/or passwords, or otherwise compromise the security of our platform, networks, systems and/or physical facilities. Third parties may also exploit vulnerabilities in, or obtain unauthorized access to, platforms, systems, networks and/or physical facilities utilized by our vendors.
We are required to comply with laws, rules and regulations that require us to maintain the security of personal information. We may have contractual and other legal obligations to notify relevant stakeholders of security breaches. Failure to prevent or mitigate cyber-attacks could result in the unauthorized access to such data, including personal information. In addition to the breach notification obligations under HIPAA, every state in the U.S. now has similar breach notification obligation laws (“breach notification laws”). Breach notification laws vary from state to state but upon an unauthorized disclosure of certain sensitive personal information, generally require notification to data subjects as well as notification in some circumstances to state agencies, such as the state attorneys general or the consumer protection bureau, and in some circumstances, notification to media. Personal information that could trigger a breach notification obligation also differs from state to state, but generally includes the name of the individual in addition to one or more of the following: financial account information, health information, social security number, driver’s license number, and information that could provide access to an account such as an email address and password.
The costs to respond to a security breach and/or to mitigate any security vulnerabilities that may be identified could be significant, our efforts to address these issues may not be successful, and these issues could result in interruptions, delays, cessation of service, negative publicity, loss of customer trust, diminished use of our products and services as well as other harms to our business and our competitive position. Remediation of any potential security breach may involve significant time, resources, and expenses. Any security breach may result in regulatory inquiries, litigation or other investigations, and can affect our financial and operational condition. We may not have adequate insurance coverage for security incidents or breaches, including fines, judgments, settlements, penalties, costs, attorney fees and other impacts that arise out of incidents or breaches. While we maintain general liability insurance coverage and coverage for errors or omissions, we cannot assure you that such coverage will be adequate or otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages with respect to claims alleging compromises of personal information or that such coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or at all. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage, or results in changes to our insurance policies (including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements), could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, we cannot be sure that our existing insurance coverage and coverage for errors and omissions will continue to be available on acceptable terms or that our insurers will not deny coverage as to any future claim. Our risks are likely to increase as we continue to expand, grow our customer base, and process, store, and transmit increasingly large amounts of proprietary and sensitive data.
Medical Device Distribution
As the distributor of Teoxane’s RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, we are required to maintain certain licenses, registrations, permits, authorizations, approvals or other types of state and local permissions in order to comply with various regulations regarding the distribution of medical devices, and we must cooperate with Teoxane in the event of any medical device reports (adverse events) or product recalls. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements may take many months, and may require the expenditure of substantial resources. Failure to comply with such regulatory requirements can result in enforcement actions, including the revocation or suspension of licenses, registrations or accreditations, and can also subject us to plans of correction, monitoring, civil monetary penalties, civil injunctive relief and/or criminal penalties. Failure to obtain state regulatory approval will also prevent distribution of products where such approval is necessary and will limit our ability to generate revenue. Maintaining the necessary compliance infrastructure to support these activities will result in increased expense.
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Coverage and Reimbursement
Patients in the United States and elsewhere generally rely on third‑party payors to reimburse part or all of the costs associated with their prescription drugs. Accordingly, our ability to commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates for therapeutic indications such as cervical dystonia, adult upper limb spasticity will depend in part on the coverage and reimbursement levels set by governmental authorities, private health insurers and other third-party payors. As a threshold for coverage and reimbursement, third-party payors generally require that drug products have been approved for marketing by the FDA. Third-party payors also are increasingly challenging the effectiveness of and prices charged for medical products and services. We may not obtain adequate third-party coverage or reimbursement for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates for therapeutic indications, or we may be required to sell them at a discount.
We expect that third-party payors will consider the efficacy, cost effectiveness and safety of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in determining whether to approve reimbursement for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for therapeutic indications and at what level. Our business would be materially adversely affected if we do not receive coverage and adequate reimbursement of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for therapeutic indications from private insurers on a timely or satisfactory basis. No uniform policy for coverage and reimbursement for products exists among third-party payors in the U.S.; therefore, coverage and reimbursement for products can differ significantly from payor to payor. Further, coverage under certain government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, may not be available for certain of our product candidates. CMS decides whether and to what extent a new product will be covered and reimbursed under Medicare, and private third-party payors often follow CMS’s decisions regarding coverage and reimbursement to a substantial degree. However, one third-party payor’s determination to provide coverage for a product candidate does not assure that other payors will also provide coverage for the product candidate. As a result, the coverage determination process will likely be a time-consuming and costly process, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be applied consistently or obtained in the first instance.
In some foreign countries, particularly Canada and European countries, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to strict governmental control. In the European Union, pricing and reimbursement schemes vary widely from country to country. Some countries provide that products may be marketed only after a reimbursement price has been agreed. Some countries may require the completion of additional studies that compare the cost-effectiveness of a particular product candidate to currently available therapies, and so we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost-effectiveness of our products, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, to other available therapies. European Union member states may approve a specific price for a product or it may instead adopt a system of direct or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing the product on the market. Other member states allow companies to fix their own prices for products, but monitor and control company profits.
Healthcare Reform
The ACA was passed in March 2010, and substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and continues to significantly impact the U.S. biotechnology industry. There have been challenges by the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government to certain aspects of the ACA, including some challenges that still remain and intended to delay or prevent the implementation of certain provisions of the ACA. Congress has considered legislation that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the ACA. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, it has enacted laws that modify certain provisions of the ACA such as removing penalties, which began January 1, 2019, for not complying with the ACA’s individual mandate to carry health insurance. On December 14, 2018, a Texas U.S. District Court Judge ruled that the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by Congress as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, on December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit upheld the District Court ruling that the individual mandate was unconstitutional and remanded the case back to the District Court to determine whether the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. On March 2, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court granted the petitions for writs of certiorari to review this case and held oral arguments on November 10, 2020. It is unclear how this decision, future decisions, subsequent appeals, and other efforts to repeal and replace the ACA will impact the ACA and our business.
In addition, there have been several recent U.S. congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted state and federal legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between pricing
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and manufacturer patient programs, reduce the costs of drugs under Medicare and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drug products. At the federal level, the former U.S. presidential administration’s budget proposal for fiscal year 2021 included a $135 billion allowance to support legislative proposals seeking to reduce drug prices, increase competition, lower out-of-pocket drug costs for patients, and increase patient access to lower-cost generic and biosimilar drugs. Further, the former U.S. presidential administration released a “Blueprint” to lower drug prices and reduce out of pocket costs of drugs that contains additional proposals to increase drug manufacturer competition, increase the negotiating power of certain federal healthcare programs, incentivize manufacturers to lower the list price of their products, and reduce the out of pocket costs of drug products paid by consumers. The Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) has solicited feedback on some of these measures and, at the same, has implemented others under its existing authority. On July 24, 2020 and September 13, 2020, the formal presidential administration announced several executive orders related to prescription drug pricing that seek to implement several of the administration's proposals. The FDA also released a final rule on September 24, 2020 providing guidance for states to build and submit importation plans for drugs from Canada. Further, on November 20, 2020, HHS finalized a regulation removing safe harbor protection for price reductions from pharmaceutical manufacturers to plan sponsors under Part D, either directly or through pharmacy benefit managers, unless the price reduction is required by law. The rule also creates a new safe harbor for price reductions reflected at the point-of-sale, as well as a safe harbor for certain fixed fee arrangements between pharmacy benefit managers and manufacturers. The likelihood of implementation of any of the other former U.S. presidential administration's reform initiatives is uncertain, particularly in light of the new presidential administration. At the state level, legislatures have increasingly passed legislation and implemented regulations designed to control pharmaceutical and biological product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing.
Payments Regulation
Numerous laws and regulations govern the payments industry in the U.S. The current activities of the HintMD platform do not require it to register as a money services business (“MSB”) or be licensed as a money transmitter or other form of MSB with any U.S. state. However, HintMD may become subject to such regulation in the future as the business continues to grow and evolve, and as the laws and regulations applicable to the payments industry in any given jurisdiction are subject to interpretation and change. Such a designation, among other things, would subject HintMD to increased operating costs to comply with registration and reporting requirements and inspection by state regulatory agencies. The payments industry regulations may also be applicable to Revance as the parent of HintMD. All HintMD platform operations are conducted by certain Revance employees who will be subject to the regulations described in this section.
HintMD is currently subject to certain payments-related compliance obligations pursuant to its contractual obligations under its payment solutions agreement with MetaBank, National Association and First Data Merchant Services LLC (the “Payment Facilitator Agreement”). These requirements relate to, among other things, operating pursuant to an anti-money laundering policy that is consistent with the USA PATRIOT Act, the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act and the economic sanctions regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.
In addition, credit and debit card processing are subject to industry-created and industry specific rules and regulations, including those of Visa Inc. and MasterCard International Inc. (“Rules”). The Rules apply to HintMD because of its contractual obligations pursuant to the Payment Facilitator Agreement. Failure to comply with the Rules can result in termination of the Payment Facilitator Agreement or other key supplier agreements. Changes in the Rules could also mandate material changes in how HintMD solicits new potential clients and fee structures applicable to its agreements with clients, which could result in decreased margins on services of the HintMD platform.
Rules, such as Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards ("PCI DSS") of the PCI Security Standards Council establish certain security standards applicable to certain participants in payment card processing. Changes in those Rules may impact Hint, Inc.'s ability to collect, store and process card data or the ability of HintMD's suppliers to do the same for HintMD or its clients.
We monitor developments in payments regulations and continue to develop our compliance program based on regulatory trends and changes in our risk profile.
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Environment, Health and Safety
We are voluntarily assessing and publicly reporting our greenhouse gas emissions and water usage, and have begun to take action to reduce such emissions and usage. For example, we have established employee commuter programs, evaluated the energy efficiency of our buildings and installed low-flow water fixtures. Various laws and regulations have been implemented or are under consideration to mitigate the effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the California Air Resources Board is in the process of drafting regulations to meet state emissions targets. Based on current information and subject to the finalization of the proposed regulations, we believe that our primary risk related to climate change is the risk of increased energy costs. However, because we are not an energy-intensive business, we do not anticipate being subject to a cap and trade system or any other mitigation measures that would likely be material to our capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive position.
We are also subject to other federal, state and local regulations regarding workplace safety and protection of the environment. We use hazardous materials, chemicals, and various compounds in our research and development activities and cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. Certain misuse or accidents involving these materials could lead to significant litigation, fines and penalties. We have implemented proactive programs to reduce and minimize the risk of hazardous materials incidents.
Human Capital Management
As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 470 employees, all of which are located in the U.S. Our employee base grew from 193 as of December 31, 2019, after acquiring HintMD and hiring more than 280 people, including our new field sales force. In addition to our employees, as of December 31, 2020, we engaged 130 independent contractors. As of December 31, 2020, there were no unions represented within our employee base.
We believe that empowered employees make a difference in our ability to execute our strategy. As such, we provide an inclusive, rewarding and engaging environment for employees to develop professionally and contribute to our success. Revance was certified as a Great Place to Work® for the third consecutive year in 2020.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We believe in equal opportunity employment and do not tolerate discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin/ancestry, age, disability, marital or veteran status. In addition, because we believe that a diverse workforce is critical to our success, in mid-2020, we formed a Diversity and Inclusion Committee, comprised of employees and led by our Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary. This committee has a mission to foster diversity, equality and belonging at our workplace. The committee’s mission is supported by consciously learning, educating and empowering our employees to bring awareness to and help dismantle systems of oppression, including systemic racism and overt and unconscious bias, both in the workplace and within our communities. The committee is currently working on developing a comprehensive program to address diversity and inclusion. As a reflection of this commitment, in 2021, we established Company performance goals, which are also included as performance measures in the bonus program for our executive officers, tied to the achievement of specified diversity and inclusion initiatives.
As of December 31, 2020, women represented 56% of our workforce and 32% of our leadership team (defined as management team and executive employees), and ethnic minorities represented 47% of our workforce and 37% of our leadership team.
Training and Talent Development
We believe that our employees are the key to our success, and we believe their development is what supports our growth and prosperity as a company. To support employee development and growth, we offer development training and workshops to all full-time employees. In addition, personal development plans for full-time employees are discussed and reviewed each year with their supervisor. We also offer an education tuition reimbursement program.
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Upon joining the company, all new employees are required to become familiar with our policies and complete compliance training, and existing employees are required to acknowledge current policies annually.
Compensation and Benefits
Our objective is to provide our employees with a choice in quality benefits that are competitive and cost-efficient with the flexibility to meet employees’ life needs. Our compensation package includes market-competitive pay, an annual bonus program, an employee stock purchase plan, long-term incentive awards, rewards and recognition opportunities, an education assistance program, health care and retirement benefits, paid time off and family leave, among others. We grant equity to all employees as part of our new hire and annual compensation programs. We are committed to fair wages and benefits for employees at all locations and use appropriate national and local external surveys to provide highly competitive wages and benefits to attract high quality talent.
Health and Safety
We are committed to the safety of our employees and communities. We provide regular health and safety training programs for employees, which includes, upon on-boarding, an overview during new hire orientation, plus personal protective equipment training, ergonomics evaluation procedures and first aid training. All employees are trained on workplace safety, including security and inspection, work related injuries and emergency protocols. We also conduct special additional training for laboratory staff.
Also, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we quickly implemented policies to protect our employees and provide solutions to enable our employees to manage their work and personal responsibilities. In addition, a Pandemic Response Team was established, comprised of senior leaders, to help guide and direct activities associated with local governance and business requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)
As our business continues to grow and develop, we are focused on building a sustainable enterprise for all of our stakeholders while making a positive impact on the communities in which we serve. As a first step, we have completed our inaugural ESG report which details our commitments and efforts to operate sustainably and responsibly, including our response to the COVID-19 pandemic and prevailing social issues in 2020. The report was guided by the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board framework and can be found on the “Corporate Governance” and “Sustainability” sections of our website.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in Delaware in August 1999, under the name Essentia Biosystems, Inc. We commenced operations in June 2002 and, in April 2005, changed our name to Revance Therapeutics, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 1222 Demonbreun Street, Suite 1001, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, and our telephone number is (615) 724-7755.
Available Information
We make available, free of charge through our website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and any amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) at www.sec.gov. Our website address is www.revance.com. Information contained on or accessible through these websites is not incorporated by reference nor otherwise included in this report, and any references to these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as all other information included in this Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before you decide to purchase shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially harmed. As a result, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations and stock price.
Risks Related to Our Business and Strategy
We are substantially dependent on the clinical and commercial success of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates.
To date, we have invested substantial efforts and financial resources in the research and development of neuromodulator product candidates. Our success as a company is substantially dependent on the clinical and commercial success of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. In December 2018, we completed Phase 3 clinical development for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in North America for the treatment of glabellar lines. Although we have successfully completed the Phase 3 clinical development program, we have not received FDA approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in glabellar lines and the timing to receive FDA approval is uncertain.
We submitted the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines in November 2019, which was accepted by the FDA on February 5, 2020, and the PDUFA target action date was initially set for November 25, 2020. On November 24, 2020, the FDA deferred its decision on the BLA. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though our BLA is still under review, the FDA did not indicate there were any other review issues at the time beyond the on-site inspection. Currently, however, the FDA is still subject to restrictions on travel related to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore there may be continued delays. A delay in obtaining FDA approval of the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines as a result of the FDA travel restrictions or otherwise would delay commercialization and could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. Further, failure to obtain FDA approval of the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines due to issues with the FDA’s inspection of our manufacturing facility or for any other reason would adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We also have completed and have ongoing clinical trials evaluating DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for other indications. Our clinical trials may not have an effective design or generate positive results. For example, in November 2020, we released topline results from the Phase 2 study of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the management of plantar fasciitis. The results of this study did demonstrate pain relief on the NPRS that was numerically greater from baseline than placebo. However, neither dose used in the study met the primary efficacy endpoint of statistically significant improvement from baseline compared to placebo. As a result, we are not currently pursuing the plantar fasciitis indication, and we will focus our efforts on indications for muscle movement and pain disorder indications where the use of neuromodulators is well-established. In addition, in February 2021, we announced topline data from the JUNIPER Phase 2 trial. The JUNIPER Phase 2 trial achieved one co-primary endpoint, which evaluated the change in the MAS score from baseline, with demonstration of a statistically significant treatment benefit in the 500 unit treatment group compared with placebo. Statistical significance was not achieved on the second co-primary endpoint, however numerical improvement compared with placebo in all three doses on the PGIC assessment was achieved. Although we believe the JUNIPER Phase 2 trial provided sufficient data to inform our dosing strategy and design for a successful Phase 3 program, we cannot guarantee that the results of the Phase 3 program will meet the level of statistical significance or efficacy required by the FDA for approval.
Our near-term prospects, including our ability to finance our business and generate revenue, will depend heavily on the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, including the receipt of FDA approval of the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines. Our longer-term prospects will depend on the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product candidate and any future product candidates.
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The preclinical, clinical and commercial success of our product candidates will depend on a number of factors, including the following:
•a continuing delay in the FDA’s approval of the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines, including as a result of delays in the site inspection conducted by the FDA of our manufacturing facility due to the COVID-19 pandemic, observations made by the FDA during the site inspection or other reasons;
•disruptions to our manufacturing operations, supply chain, end user demand for our products, commercialization efforts, business operations, clinical trials and other aspects of our business resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including delays in regulatory approvals;
•timely completion of, or need to conduct additional clinical trials, including clinical trials for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar and any future product candidates, which may be significantly slower or cost more than we currently anticipate and will depend substantially upon the number and design of such trials and the accurate and satisfactory performance of third-party contractors;
•the timely receipt of necessary marketing approvals from the FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities;
•achieving and maintaining compliance with all regulatory requirements applicable to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates or approved products;
•our ability to successfully commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates, if approved for marketing and sale, whether alone or in collaboration with others;
•our ability to demonstrate and the market perception of the differentiation of our products on a consistent basis as compared to existing or future therapies, including as it relates to cost, safety, efficacy and other advantages;
•our success in educating physicians and patients about the benefits, administration and use of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates, if approved;
•our ability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or other similar foreign regulatory agencies, the safety and efficacy of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates through clinical trials;
•the prevalence and severity of adverse events experienced with our product candidates or future approved products and the continued acceptable safety profile of our products, if approved;
•the effectiveness of our own or our current and any future potential strategic collaborators’ distribution strategy and operations;
•our ability and the ability of any third-party partners to effectively and reliably manufacture supplies of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates for clinical trials and commercialization, if approved, and to develop, validate and maintain a commercially viable manufacturing process that is compliant with current good manufacturing practices (“cGMP”);
•our ability to enforce our intellectual property rights in and to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates;
•our ability to avoid third-party patent interference or intellectual property infringement claims;
•the willingness of third-party payors to reimburse physicians or patients for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and any future products we may commercialize for therapeutic indications if approved;
•the willingness of patients to pay out of pocket for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and any future products we may commercialize for aesthetic indications if approved; and
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•the ability to raise additional capital on acceptable terms and in the time frames necessary to achieve our goals;
One or more of these factors, many of which are beyond our control, could cause significant delays or an inability to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will be able to generate sufficient revenue through the sale of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidate to continue our business.
We are substantially dependent on the clinical and commercial success of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
In September 2020, we became a commercial company and launched the Prestige Aesthetics Portfolio by introducing the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. As of the date of this report, we have not generated revenue from the sale of any pharmaceutical product except the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
Our success as a company is substantially dependent on our ability to continue to generate revenue from the sales of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and successfully commercialize the other products in the RHA® Pipeline Products, which will depend on many factors including, but not limited to, our ability to:
•develop and execute our sales and marketing strategies for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers;
•develop, maintain and manage the necessary sales, marketing and other capabilities and infrastructure that are required to successfully integrate and commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, including in connection with our marketing and sale of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection;
•achieve, maintain and grow market acceptance of, and demand for, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers;
•establish or demonstrate in the medical community the safety and efficacy of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and their potential advantages over and side effects compared to existing dermal fillers and products currently in clinical development;
•offer the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers at competitive prices as compared to alternative options, and our ability to achieve a suitable profit margin on our sales of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers;
•collaborate with Teoxane to obtain necessary approvals from the FDA and similar regulatory authorities for the RHA® Pipeline Products;
•adapt to additional changes to the label for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, that could place restrictions on how we market and sell the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, including as a result of adverse events observed in these or other studies;
•obtain adequate and timely supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers under the Teoxane Agreement, which has in the past and may in the future be adversely affected by factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic;
•comply with the terms of the Teoxane Agreement, including our obligations with respect to purchase quantities and marketing efforts;
•comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, including medical device compliance as the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers are Class III Premarket Approval (“PMA”) devices under the FDCA;
•register as the initial importer of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers with the FDA and obtain necessary state prescription medical device distribution permits and hire and operationalize complaint and medical device vigilance services in support of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers; and
•establish agreements with third party logistics providers to distribute the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to customers.
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If we do not achieve one or more of these factors, many of which are beyond our control, in a timely manner or at all, we may not be able to continue to generate revenue from the sales of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and successfully commercialize the other products in the RHA® Pipeline Products, which may materially impact the success of our business. For example, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by Teoxane, as they temporarily suspended production in Geneva, Switzerland. Teoxane resumed manufacturing operations at the end of April 2020 and delivered the first shipment of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to us in June 2020. As a result of production delay, the initial product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by one quarter to September 2020. Additional delays in the product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers may have an adverse effect on our commercialization strategy.
If we fail to comply with the terms of the Teoxane Agreement, including by failing to meet certain obligations in connection with purchase and marketing of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, Teoxane may terminate the Teoxane Agreement, and we would have no further rights to distribute the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. In addition, the lack of, or limited, complementary products to be offered by sales personnel in marketing the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers may put us at a competitive disadvantage relative to companies with more extensive product lines. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will be able to generate sufficient revenue through the sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to continue our business.
Even if DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, or any future product candidates obtain regulatory approval, they may never achieve market acceptance or commercial success.
Even if we obtain FDA or other regulatory approvals, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates may not achieve market acceptance among physicians and patients, and may not be commercially successful, which could harm our financial results and future prospects.
The degree and rate of market acceptance of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates for which we receive approval depends on a number of factors, including:
•the safety and efficacy and duration of the product as compared to existing and future therapies;
•the clinical indications for which the product is approved and patient demand for the treatment of those indications;
•acceptance by physicians, major operators of clinics and patients of the product as a safe and effective treatment;
•the extent to which physicians recommend the RHA® Pipeline Products or DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection to their patients;
•the proper training and administration of our products by physicians and medical staff such that patients do not experience excessive discomfort during treatment or adverse side effects;
•patient satisfaction with the results and administration of our product and overall treatment experience;
•the potential and perceived advantages and cost of our products over alternative treatments;
•the willingness of patients to pay for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement and other aesthetic treatments in general, in the absence of third party payor reimbursement, relative to other discretionary items, especially during economically challenging times, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
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•the willingness of third-party payors to reimburse physicians or patients for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and any future products we may commercialize for therapeutic indications;
•the revenue and profitability that our product will offer a physician as compared to alternative therapies;
•the relative convenience and ease of administration;
•the prevalence and severity of adverse events;
•the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, including efforts by any third parties we engage;
•consumer sentiment about the benefits and risks of aesthetic procedures generally and our products in particular; and
•general consumer, patient and physician confidence and availability of practicing physicians, which may be impacted by general economic and political conditions, including challenges affecting the global economy resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Any failure by our product candidates, if approved, or any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement that obtain regulatory approval to achieve market acceptance or commercial success would materially adversely affect our results of operations and delay, prevent or limit our ability to generate revenue and continue our business.
In addition, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection has only been used in clinical trials to date. Therefore, the commercial or real-world experience may yield different outcomes or patient experiences due to variations in injection techniques, dilution approaches and dosing levels employed by different physician and nurse injectors. As a result, these market-based approaches may differ from our clinical trial design and could negatively impact adoption.
The regulatory approval process is highly uncertain and we or any collaboration partner may not obtain regulatory approval for the commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, RHA® 1 or any future product candidates.
The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, selling, import, export, marketing and distribution of drug and biologic products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the U.S. and other countries, which regulations differ from country to country. Neither we nor any collaboration partner are permitted to market DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates in the U.S. until we receive approval of a BLA from the FDA. Even though filed with the FDA, our BLA may receive a Complete Response Letter or another response from the FDA identifying deficiencies that must be addressed, rather than an approval. Obtaining regulatory approval of a BLA can be a lengthy, expensive and uncertain process. Although Teoxane has received PMA approval for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, it must obtain PMA approval by the FDA for RHA® 1.
In addition, failure to comply with FDA and other applicable U.S. and foreign regulatory requirements may subject us to administrative or judicially imposed sanctions or other actions, including:
•warning letters;
•civil and criminal penalties;
•injunctions;
•withdrawal of approved products;
•product seizure or detention;
•product recalls;
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•total or partial suspension of production;
•refusal to approve pending BLAs or supplements to approved BLAs; and
•refusal to approve PMAs or supplements to PMAs by our partners.
Prior to obtaining approval to commercialize a product candidate in the U.S. or abroad, we or our collaborators must demonstrate with substantial evidence from well controlled clinical trials, and to the satisfaction of the FDA or other foreign regulatory agencies, that such product candidates are safe and effective for their intended uses. Results from preclinical studies and clinical trials can be interpreted in different ways. Even if we believe the preclinical and clinical data for our product candidates are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by the FDA and other regulatory authorities. Administering product candidates to humans may produce undesirable side effects, which could interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities denying approval of a product candidate for any or all targeted indications.
Regulatory approval of a BLA or PMA, or BLA or PMA supplement, is not guaranteed, and the approval process is expensive and may take several years. The FDA also has substantial discretion in the approval process. Despite the time and expense expended, failure can occur at any stage, and we could encounter problems that cause us to abandon or repeat clinical trials, or perform additional preclinical studies and clinical trials. The number of preclinical studies and clinical trials that will be required for FDA approval varies depending on the product candidate, the disease or the condition that the product candidate is designed to address and the regulations applicable to any particular product candidate. The FDA can delay, limit or deny approval of a product candidate for many reasons, including the following:
•a product candidate may not be deemed safe, effective, or of required quality;
•FDA officials may not find the data from preclinical studies and clinical trials sufficient;
•the FDA might not approve our third-party manufacturers’ processes or facilities; or
•the FDA may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations.
If DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, RHA® 1 or any future product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy in clinical trials or do not gain approval, our business and results of operations will be materially and adversely harmed.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the business of the FDA and may affect the business of the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) or other health authorities. In March 2020, the FDA announced the postponement of most foreign inspections due to the global impact of COVID-19 and, in July 2020, only restarted domestic inspections on a risk-based prioritization basis, and foreign inspections on a mission-critical basis. For domestic inspections, FDA is using a rating system to determine what categories of regulatory activity can take place in a given geographic region. If a prolonged government shutdown or other disruption to the normal functioning of government agencies occurs, it could significantly impact the ability of the FDA to timely review and process our regulatory submissions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or prospects. For instance, interruption or delays in the operations of the FDA or other applicable local or foreign regulatory agencies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may cause delays in meetings related to planned or completed clinical trials and may affect the review and approval timelines for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates, including the BLA approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the treatment of glabellar lines. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has generally diverted healthcare resources away from the conduct of clinical trials and may cause delays or difficulties in clinical site initiation and site inspection, including difficulties in recruiting clinical site investigators and clinical site staff. Further, delays in the operations of the FDA or other applicable local or foreign regulatory agencies may result in delays or difficulties in obtaining required inspections of the facilities where we or third parties with whom we contract manufacture any of our product candidates, or the raw materials used in the manufacture of our product candidates, which may affect the approval timeline for our product candidates, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the treatment of glabellar lines. For instance, before approving the BLA, the FDA will inspect the facilities at which we plan to manufacture DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, and the FDA will not
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approve the BLA unless it determines that the manufacturing processes and facilities are in compliance with cGMP requirements and adequate to assure consistent production of the product within required specifications.
The RHA® Collection of dermal fillers are Class III medical devices that require PMA approval before they may be commercialized in the U.S. Although Teoxane has received PMA approval for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, we and Teoxane will be subject to ongoing and pervasive regulatory requirements governing, among other things, the manufacture, marketing, advertising, medical device reporting, sale, promotion, registration, and listing of these devices. For example, periodic reports must be submitted to the FDA as a condition of PMA approval. These reports include safety and effectiveness information about the device after its approval. Failure to submit such reports, or failure to submit the reports in a timely manner, could result in enforcement action by the FDA. Following its review of the periodic reports, the FDA might ask for additional information or initiate further investigation. Any failure to comply with the conditions of approval could result in the withdrawal of PMA approval and the inability to continue to market the device. The medical device regulations to which we are subject are complex and have become more stringent over time, and we have no history of operating as a distributor of Class III medical devices. Our failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA, state or foreign regulatory authorities, including recalls, Dear Doctor letters and negative publicity which would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may fail to realize the benefits expected from the HintMD Acquisition or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected.
On July 23, 2020, we completed the HintMD Acquisition. The anticipated benefits we expect from the HintMD Acquisition are based on projections and assumptions about our combined businesses with HintMD, which may not materialize as expected or which may prove to be inaccurate. In addition, we may not realize the anticipated benefits within the anticipated time frame if the integration process takes longer than expected or is more costly than expected. Achieving the benefits of the HintMD Acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate the business, operations and services of HintMD successfully and efficiently with our business and the commercial acceptance of the HintMD platform. The challenges involved in the integration and commercial success of the HintMD platform, which will be complex and time-consuming, include the following:
•significant issues with the acquired technology, security, product architecture and legal, regulatory and contractual compliance, among other matters that our due diligence process may have failed to identify;
•difficulties entering new markets and integrating new technologies in which we had no or limited direct experience prior to the HintMD Acquisition;
•our ability to comply with new and complex regulatory regimes and compliance standards applicable to the HintMD platform;
•technical or other difficulties faced by our aesthetic practice customers when using the HintMD platform, which may negatively impact Revance's existing or future customer relationships;
•limiting exposure to data and security breaches of consumer personal information used by the HintMD platform;
•retaining and managing existing relationships with HintMD’s customer base;
•developing new product features for the HintMD platform;
•expanding sales and marketing efforts to effectively position the HintMD platform and expand the HintMD customer base;
•the HintMD platform's ability to create loyalty between physicians and their patients through repeated aesthetic treatments and increase the number of aesthetic procedures performed, including with products we offer;
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•entry of competitors to the market, including those with greater resources, experience and name recognition; the timing of development and release of new products, features and functionality and pricing by competitors; our ability to adapt to technological advancement in comparison to our competitors; changes in user preferences and growth or contraction in the addressable market;
•the increased scale and complexity of our operations resulting from the HintMD Acquisition;
•retaining our key employees and key employees of HintMD; and
•minimizing the diversion of management’s attention from other important business objectives.
Further, the HintMD Acquisition has increased the size and scope of our business beyond the previous size and scope of either our or HintMD’s previous businesses. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to manage our expanded business, which may pose substantial challenges for management, including challenges related to the management and monitoring of new operations and associated increased costs, regulatory requirements and complexity. We have also incorporated as a part of our commercial strategy leveraging the HintMD platform to build a prestige aesthetics category and grow our U.S. aesthetics market opportunity. If we do not successfully manage the aforementioned issues and other challenges inherent in integrating an acquired business of the size and complexity of HintMD, then we may need to alter our commercial strategy, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the HintMD Acquisition and our revenue, expenses, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has and may continue to, and other actual or threatened epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks, or public health crises may, adversely affect our financial condition and our business.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to an epidemic, pandemic, outbreak, or other public health crisis, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. An epidemic, pandemic, outbreak or other public health crisis could cause delays in regulatory approvals needed to commercialize our product candidates or interfere with enrollment and our ability to complete ongoing clinical trials on schedule or at all. The risk of a continued pandemic, or public perception of the risk, could cause customers to cancel or defer aesthetic and elective procedures, avoid public places, including hospitals and physician offices, and cause temporary or long-term disruptions in our supply chain, manufacturing and/or delays in the delivery of our inventory. Certain of these risks have materialized in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. On November 24, 2020, the FDA deferred its decision on the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility in Newark, California due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We are unable to predict when the FDA will conduct the required inspection because of the uncertainty associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, in March 2020 we paused enrollment in the JUNIPER Phase 2 adult upper limb spasticity trial due to challenges related to the COVID-19 environment. We are unable to predict whether similar delays will occur or whether such delays will delay regulatory approvals.
Many physician customers of the HintMD platform temporarily closed their offices and stopped performing procedures, and some that have reopened are now focusing on only essential procedures while deferring or cancelling non-essential procedures because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The spread of COVID-19 has also impacted our sales professionals’ ability to travel, and medical facilities and physician offices have limited access for non-patients, including our sales professionals, which has had a negative impact on our access to customers and our ability to introduce the HintMD platform and the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to potential customers. We cannot be certain whether or to what extent these trends may continue, and if patients’ financial circumstances or ability to or interest in receiving aesthetic procedures are materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic or another pandemic or public health crisis, we may be unable to generate meaningful revenue in the near term or at all.
Port closures and other restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have and may continue to disrupt our supply chain or limit our ability to obtain sufficient materials for our drug products. Changes in U.S. and foreign trade policies or border closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise could trigger retaliatory actions by affected countries, resulting in “trade wars”, which may reduce customer demand for goods exported out of the U.S. if the parties having to pay those retaliatory tariffs increase their prices, or if trading partners limit their trade with the U.S. If these
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consequences are realized, the price to the consumer of aesthetic or therapeutic medical procedures from products exported out of the U.S. may increase, resulting in a material reduction in the demand for our future product candidates. Such a reduction may materially and adversely affect our potential sales and our business. In particular, under our Fosun License Agreement, we are responsible for manufacturing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and supplying it to Fosun, which would then develop commercialize, market and sell it in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau. If this arrangement is restricted in any way due to the U.S.-China trade relationship or the COVD-19 pandemic, the contingent payments we are entitled to receive under the agreement, which are based on product sales, among other things, may be adversely affected. In addition, under the Teoxane Agreement, we are responsible for the commercialization of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the U.S., and rely on Teoxane for our entire supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, which was previously delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and may again be delayed in the future. Additional delays in the product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers may have an adverse effect on our commercialization strategy.
Moreover, an epidemic, pandemic, outbreak or other public health crisis, could require a complete or partial closure of one or more of our facilities or cause employees to avoid our properties, which could adversely affect our ability to adequately staff and manage our businesses. For instance, “shelter-in-place” or other such orders by governmental authorities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted our operations, as employees who cannot perform their responsibilities from home are not able to report to work. In addition, we have had to put in place a work from home policy for all employees. Although we believe we have successfully integrated the work from home policy into the culture of our business, certain departments like clinical and manufacturing, are dependent on working on-site. The effective operation of these departments is critical to the completion of our clinical programs and, if the employees in these departments are subject to work from policies now or in the future, our business may be adversely impacted. In addition, our increased reliance on personnel working from home may negatively impact productivity and employee morale, which may harm our business. In addition, this could increase our cyber security risk, create data accessibility concerns, and make us more susceptible to communication disruptions, any of which could adversely impact our business operations or delay necessary interactions with local and federal regulators, manufacturing sites, research or clinical trial sites, other important agencies and contractors, HintMD or RHA® Collection of dermal fillers physician customers and other third parties with whom we do business.
Risks related to an epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, could also negatively impact the business or operations of our sourcing or manufacturing partners, contract research organizations (“CROs”), customers or other third parties with whom we conduct business.
The ultimate extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or any other epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis on our business, financial condition and results of operations or healthcare systems generally or the global economy as a whole will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity and duration of such epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis and actions taken to contain or prevent their further spread, among others. These and other potential impacts of an epidemic, pandemic or other health crisis, such as COVID-19 pandemic, could therefore materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Worldwide economic and market conditions, an unstable economy, a decline in consumer-spending levels and other adverse developments, including inflation, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and liquidity.
Many economic and other factors are outside of our control, including general economic and market conditions, consumer and commercial credit availability, inflation, unemployment, consumer debt levels and other challenges affecting the global economy, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Increases in the rates of unemployment, reduced access to credit and issues related to domestic and international politics may adversely affect consumer confidence and disposable income levels. Lower consumer confidence and disposable incomes could lead to reduced consumer spending and lower demand for our products and services. Decreases in the number of physicians and physician offices or financial hardships for physicians may also adversely affect distribution channels of our products. A weak or declining economy could also strain our suppliers, possibly resulting in supply disruption. In addition, historically, during economic downturns, there have been reductions in spending on information technology as well as pressure for extended billing terms and other financial concessions. The adverse impact of economic downturns may be particularly acute among small and medium-sized plastic surgery and dermatology practices offering elective aesthetic procedures, which comprise the majority of HintMD’s customer base. If economic conditions deteriorate, current and prospective HintMD customers may elect to decrease their information technology budgets or cancel subscriptions to the HintMD platform, which would limit our ability to grow the HintMD
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platform business. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an economic recession characterized by business closures and limited social interaction as well as higher levels of unemployment and reductions in working hours. Elective aesthetic procedures are discretionary and less of a priority for those patients that have lost their jobs, are furloughed, have reduced work hours or have to allocate their cash to other priorities and essential items. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience negative impacts to our business and financial results due to the continued perceived risk of infection or concern of a resurgence of the COVID-19 outbreak as well as COVID-19’s global economic impact, including decreases in consumer discretionary spending and any economic slowdown or recession that has occurred or may occur in the future. A severe or prolonged economic downturn could also limit our ability to raise additional capital when needed on acceptable terms, if at all. These factors could have a negative impact on our potential sales and operating results.
Reports of adverse events or safety concerns involving the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers could delay or prevent Teoxane from maintaining regulatory approval or obtaining additional regulatory approval for, or could negatively impact our sales of, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
Reports of adverse events or safety concerns involving the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers could result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities withdrawing approval of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers for any or all indications that have approval, including the use of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers for specified aesthetic indications. We cannot assure you that patients receiving the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers will not experience serious adverse events in the future that require submission of medical device reports to the FDA. Adverse events, including with respect to dermal filler products generally, may also negatively impact demand for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, which could result in reduced sales. For example, facial swelling in patients with dermal filler cosmetic injections was reported as a serious adverse event in patients receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccination. Teoxane may also be required to further update package inserts and patient information brochures of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers based on reports of adverse events or safety concerns, which could adversely affect acceptance of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the market, make the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers less competitive or make it more difficult or expensive for us to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
The Teoxane Agreement requires us to make specified annual minimum purchases of RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and to meet specified expenditure levels in connection with our marketing of RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in furtherance of the commercialization of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, regardless of whether our commercialization efforts are successful. Such expenditure requirements may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business and our prospects for future growth, or may result in the termination of the Teoxane Agreement.
The Teoxane Agreement requires us to make specified annual minimum purchases of RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, and to meet an annual minimum expenditure on marketing and other areas related to the commercialization of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, regardless of whether our commercialization efforts are successful. If we fail to meet the annual minimum purchase amount or the annual minimum marketing spending requirements specified in the Teoxane Agreement, Teoxane has the right to terminate the Teoxane Agreement.
If our commercialization efforts of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers are unsuccessful, there can be no assurance that we will have sufficient cash flow to comply with such minimum purchase and expenditure requirements. Our obligation to Teoxane to meet such requirements could:
•make it more difficult for us to satisfy obligations with respect to our indebtedness, including the 2027 Notes, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including financial and other restrictive covenants, could result in an event of default under the agreements governing such indebtedness;
•require us to dedicate a substantial portion of available cash flow to meet the minimum expenditure requirements, which will reduce the funds available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes;
•limit flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate;
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•limit our ability to engage in strategic transactions or implement our business strategies;
•limit our ability to borrow additional funds; and
•place us at a disadvantage compared to our competitors.
Any of the factors listed above could materially and adversely affect our business and our results of operations.
We may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, Daxibotulinumtoxin A Topical product candidates, biosimilar product candidates or future product candidates, and Teoxane may be unable to do the same for RHA® 1 and future hyaluronic acid filler advancements. The denial or delay of any such approval, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, would delay commercialization and have a material adverse effect on our potential to generate revenue, our business prospects, and our results of operations.
To gain approval to market a biologic product, such as DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, we must provide the FDA and applicable foreign regulatory authorities with data that adequately demonstrate the safety, efficacy and quality of the product for the intended indication applied for in the BLA, or other respective marketing applications. Teoxane must do the same with its PMAs to the FDA for the RHA® Pipeline Products. The development of such products is a long, expensive and uncertain process, and delay or failure can occur at any stage of any of our clinical trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology companies, have suffered significant setbacks in clinical trials, including in Phase 3 development, even after promising results in earlier preclinical studies or clinical trials. These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, findings made while clinical trials were underway, safety or efficacy observations, including previously unreported adverse events; and the need to conduct further supportive or unanticipated studies, even after initiating Phase 3 trials. Success in preclinical testing and early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful or that additional supportive studies will not be required, and the results of clinical trials by other parties may not be indicative of the results in trials we may conduct.
For example, we completed DaxibotulinumtoxinA Topical clinical trials for the treatment of “crow’s feet and primary axillary hyperhidrosis but discontinued further clinical development in 2016 following the results from our REALISE 1 Phase 3 clinical trial for crow’s feet. In addition, in November 2020, we released topline results from Phase 2 study of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the management of plantar fasciitis. The results of this study did demonstrate pain relief on the NPRS that was numerically greater from baseline than placebo. However, neither dose used in the study met the primary efficacy endpoint of statistically significant improvement from baseline compared to placebo. As a result, we are not currently pursuing the plantar fasciitis indication, and we will focus our efforts on indications for muscle movement and pain disorder indications where the use of neuromodulators is well-established.
Further, obtaining regulatory approval of our product candidates or the completion of our clinical trials may be delayed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, in November 2020, the FDA deferred its decision on our BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines because it was unable to conduct the required site inspection of our manufacturing facility due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, enrollment in the JUNIPER Phase 2 adult upper limb spasticity trial was paused in March 2020 due to challenges related to the COVID-19 environment. In June 2020, we announced the decision to end screening and complete enrollment in the study in the JUNIPER Phase 2 adult upper limb spasticity trial and we plan to complete the Phase 2 study in the first quarter of 2021 with 83 subjects enrolled. Delays in the completion of clinical trials could also delay regulatory submissions and as a result, regulatory approvals.
Our business currently depends substantially on the successful development, regulatory approval and commercialization of our product candidates. Of the large number of drugs, including biologics, and medical devices in development, only a small percentage successfully complete the FDA or other regulatory approval processes and are commercialized. Currently, the only products for which we have the rights to commercialize and that have been approved for sale by the applicable regulatory authorities are the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
We may never obtain regulatory approval to commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, or future rights to commercialize RHA® 1 or any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement. The research, testing, manufacturing, labeling, approval, sale, marketing and distribution
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of drug, biologic and medical device products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities in the U.S. and other countries, and such regulations differ from country to country. We are not permitted to market our biologic product candidates, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, any hyaluronic acid filler products, such as RHA® 1 or future advancements developed by Teoxane, or future product candidates, in the U.S. until we receive approval of a BLA from the FDA. We are also not permitted to market the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers for additional indications for use unless and until Teoxane receives approval of a PMA supplement for such new indication for use. We are also not permitted to market our product candidates in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from the regulatory authorities of such countries.
The FDA or any foreign regulatory body can delay, limit or deny approval of our product candidates for many reasons, including:
•our inability to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory body that DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates are safe and effective for the requested indication;
•Teoxane’s inability to satisfy FDA approval requirements with respect to the RHA® Pipeline Products or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement;
•our inability to demonstrate proof of concept of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or other products in new indications;
•the FDA’s or applicable foreign regulatory agency’s disagreement with the trial protocol or the interpretation of data from preclinical studies or clinical trials;
•our inability to demonstrate that clinical and other benefits of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, or any future product candidates outweigh any safety or other perceived risks;
•the FDA’s or applicable foreign regulatory agency’s requirement for additional preclinical or clinical studies;
•the FDA’s or applicable foreign regulatory agency’s non-approval of the formulation, labeling or the specifications of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates;
•the FDA’s or applicable foreign regulatory agency’s failure to approve our manufacturing processes or facilities, or the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party manufacturers with which we contract; or
•the potential for approval policies or regulations of the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agency to significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.
Further, interruption or delays in the operations of the FDA or other applicable local or foreign regulatory agencies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the review and approval timelines for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates, including the BLA approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the treatment of glabellar lines.
Even if we eventually complete clinical testing and receive approval of any regulatory filing for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates, the FDA or an applicable foreign regulatory agency may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly additional post-approval clinical trials. The FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agency also may approve DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, or any
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future product candidates for a more limited indication or a narrower patient population than we originally requested, and the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agency may not approve the labeling that we believe is necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our product candidates. The requirement to conduct additional clinical trials or our inability to obtain the requested label or indication could increase our expenses or limit our ability to generate revenue.
All of the RHA® Pipeline Products and any of our approved products and product candidates in the future will be subject to ongoing FDA and foreign regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review.
We and any third-party contract development and manufacturers or suppliers are required to comply with applicable cGMP regulations and other international regulatory requirements. The regulations require that our product candidates be manufactured and records maintained in a prescribed manner with respect to manufacturing, testing and quality control/quality assurance activities. Manufacturers and suppliers of materials must be named in a BLA submitted to the FDA for any product candidate for which we are seeking FDA approval. The RHA® Collection of dermal fillers are subject to the FDA’s QSR for medical devices. Additionally, third party manufacturers and suppliers and any manufacturing facility must undergo a pre-approval inspection before we can obtain marketing authorization for any of our product candidates. Even after a manufacturer has been qualified by the FDA, the manufacturer must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to ensure full compliance with cGMP and QSR, as applicable. Manufacturers are subject to regular, periodic inspections by the FDA following initial approval. Further, to the extent that we contract with third parties for the supply and/or manufacture of our products (for example, Teoxane with respect to the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and ABPS with respect to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection), our ability to control third-party compliance with FDA requirements will be limited to contractual remedies and rights of inspection.
If, as a result of the FDA’s inspections, it determines that the equipment, facilities, laboratories or processes do not comply with applicable FDA regulations and conditions of product approval, the FDA may not approve the product or may suspend the manufacturing operations. If the manufacturing operations of any of the suppliers for our product candidates are suspended, we may be unable to generate sufficient quantities of commercial or clinical supplies of product to meet market demand, which would harm our business. In addition, if delivery of material from our suppliers were interrupted for any reason, we might be unable to ship our approved product for commercial supply or to supply our products in development for clinical trials. Significant and costly delays can occur if the qualification of a new supplier is required.
Failure to comply with regulatory requirements could prevent or delay marketing approval or require the expenditure of money or other resources to correct. Failure to comply with applicable requirements may also result in warning letters, fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production, refusal of the government to renew marketing applications and criminal prosecution, any of which could be harmful to our ability to generate revenues and our stock price. As such, any failure of Teoxane to maintain compliance with the applicable regulations and standards for RHA® Collection of dermal fillers could increase our costs, cause us to lose revenue, prevent the import and/or export of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, cause the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to be recalled or withdrawn and prevent us from successfully commercializing the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
Any regulatory approvals that we receive for our product candidates are likely to contain requirements for post-marketing follow-up studies, which may be costly. Product approvals, once granted, may be modified based on data from subsequent studies or commercial use. As a result, limitations on labeling indications or marketing claims, or withdrawal from the market may be required if problems occur after approval and commercialization.
We will require substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, and a failure to obtain the necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, other operations or commercialization efforts.
Since our inception, most of our resources have been dedicated to the research and development of our neuromodulator product candidates. Our clinical programs for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar will require substantial additional funds to complete. In connection with the Teoxane Agreement, we must make specified annual minimum purchases of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and meet an annual minimum expenditures in connection with the commercialization of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. We have incurred substantial transaction expenses in order to complete the HintMD Acquisition and expect to incur additional expenses in connection with combining our business, operations, networks, systems, technologies, policies and procedures
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with those of HintMD. Further, to grow the HintMD platform business, we must develop features, products and services that reflect the changing nature of payments processing software and continually modify and enhance the HintMD platform to keep pace with changes in updated hardware, software, communications and database technologies and standards. In addition, we have dedicated manufacturing capacity, buyback obligations and related minimum purchase obligations under the ABPS Services Agreement in connection with the manufacture and supply of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection.
As of December 31, 2020, we had a working capital surplus of $389.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $1.1 billion. Our recorded net losses were $282.1 million, $159.4 million and $142.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale and issuance of common stock and the 2027 Notes. As of December 31, 2020, we had capital resources consisting of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $436.5 million. We believe that we will continue to expend substantial resources for the foreseeable future for (i) the continued sales and marketing of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers; (ii) the potential commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the treatment of glabellar lines, if approved; (iii) the clinical development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar and development of any other indications and product candidates that we may choose to pursue; (iv) the integration of HintMD into our business and to grow the HintMD platform business; and (v) the continued build-out of our sales and marketing functions. These expenditures will include costs associated with research and development, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing and supply, marketing, selling and commercialization, and product development for the HintMD platform. In addition, other unanticipated costs may arise from remote working arrangements for our employees or disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, because the outcome of any clinical trial is highly uncertain, we cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development and commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and any future product candidates. In addition, we have formed strategic collaborations, licensing and similar arrangements with third parties, such as the Teoxane Agreement, the Viatris Collaboration and the Fosun License Agreement. Although we believe these partnerships can complement or support our product offering strategy, we will continue to incur expense associated with these partnerships, including specified annual minimum purchases and expenditures and expense associated with purchases of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and research and development pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement; milestone payments in connection with the Fosun License Agreement, and cost-sharing arrangements with Viatris in connection with the development of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar.
We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will allow us to fund our operations for at least 12 months following the filing of this Form 10-K. However, our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional capital sooner than planned, through public or private equity or debt financings or other sources, such as strategic collaborations. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans.
Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including:
•disruptions to our manufacturing operations, supply chain, end user demand for our products, commercialization efforts, business operations, clinical trials and other aspects of our business, including a delay in the FDA’s approval of the BLA, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•disruptions to the business or operations of our manufacturers, CROs, physician customers or other third parties with whom we conduct business resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic;
•future global financial crises and economic downturns, including those caused by widespread public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
•our ability to successfully commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers;
•our ability to establish, maintain and grow our marketing, sales, and distribution functions;
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•the results of our clinical trials for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and preclinical studies and clinical trials of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates;
•the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or any future product candidates including an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates;
•the number and characteristics of any additional product candidates we develop or acquire;
•the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing and conducting preclinical and clinical trials of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates;
•the cost of commercialization activities if DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates, including an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, are approved for sale, including marketing, sales and distribution costs;
•the cost of manufacturing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, or any future product candidates and any products we successfully commercialize and maintaining our related facilities;
•our ability to establish and maintain strategic collaborations, licensing or other arrangements including the Viatris Collaboration, Fosun Licensing Agreement, and the terms of and timing such arrangements;
•the degree and rate of market acceptance of any future approved products;
•the emergence, approval, availability, perceived advantages, relative cost, relative safety and relative efficacy of alternative and competing products or treatments;
•our ability to increase market acceptance and adoption of and to generate revenues from the HintMD platform;
•the integration costs associated with the HintMD Acquisition;
•any product liability or other lawsuits related to our products;
•the expenses needed to attract and retain skilled personnel;
•any litigation, including litigation costs and the outcome of such litigation;
•the costs associated with being a public company;
•the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims, including litigation costs and the outcome of such litigation; and
•the timing, receipt and amount of sales of, or royalties on, future approved products, if any.
Additional capital may not be available when needed, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, or at all, we may be required to terminate or delay preclinical studies, clinical trials and research and development activities for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar and any future product candidates and delay the complete integration of HintMD and the development and commercialization of the HintMD platform, or scale back the establishment of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities that may be necessary to commercialize our services and product candidates, if we obtain marketing approval.
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If we raise additional capital through marketing and distribution arrangements or other collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish certain valuable rights to our product candidates, technologies, future revenue streams or research programs or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we raise additional capital through public or private equity offerings, the ownership interest of our existing stockholders will be diluted and the terms of any new equity securities may have a preference over our common stock. If we raise additional capital through debt financing, we may be subject to covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt or making capital expenditures or specified financial ratios, any of which could restrict our ability to commercialize our product candidates or operate as a business.
Our product candidates, if approved, will face significant competition and our failure to effectively compete may prevent us from achieving significant market penetration and expansion. In addition, our competitors may develop products that are safer, more effective, more convenient or less expensive than the RHA® Pipeline Products, which could reduce or eliminate our commercial opportunity.
We expect to enter highly competitive pharmaceutical and medical device markets if our product candidates are approved. Successful competitors in the pharmaceutical and medical device markets have the ability to efficiently and effectively discover therapies, obtain patents, develop, test and obtain regulatory approvals for products, and effectively commercialize, market and promote approved products, including communicating the effectiveness, safety and value of products to actual and prospective customers and medical staff. Numerous companies are engaged in developing, patenting, manufacturing and marketing healthcare products which we expect will compete with our products. Many of these competitors are large, experienced companies that enjoy significant competitive advantages, such as substantially greater financial, research and development, manufacturing, testing, personnel and marketing resources, greater brand recognition and more experience and expertise in obtaining marketing approvals from the FDA and other regulatory authorities.
Upon marketing approval, the first expected use of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar will be in aesthetic medicine. Competition in aesthetic products is significant and dynamic and is characterized by rapid and substantial technological development and product innovations, and our competitors include large, fully-integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology and medical device companies. We anticipate that DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, will face significant competition from existing injectable neuromodulators as well as unapproved and off-label treatments. Further, if approved, in the future we may face competition for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection from biosimilar products and products based upon botulinum toxin. In addition, the only products we are currently commercializing are the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. It is possible that competitors will succeed in developing technologies that are safer, more effective, more convenient or that have a lower cost of goods and price than those used in DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, or the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and in our product candidates or products being developed by us, or that would render our technology obsolete or noncompetitive. Competition could also result in reduced profit margins and limited sales, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Due to less stringent regulatory requirements, there are significantly more aesthetic products and procedures available for use in a number of foreign countries than are approved for use in the U.S. There are also fewer limitations on the claims that our competitors in certain countries can make about the effectiveness of their products and the manner in which they can market them.
We currently make our DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection clinical drug product exclusively in one internal manufacturing facility. We plan to utilize internal and external facilities, including through one or more third-party contractors, in the future to support commercial production if our product candidates are approved. If these or any future facility or our equipment were damaged or destroyed, or if we experience a significant disruption in our operations for any reason, our ability to continue to operate our business would be materially harmed.
We currently manufacture our own clinical drug product to support DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection development in one internal manufacturing facility. In March 2017, we entered into the ABPS Services Agreement with ABPS, a contract development and manufacturing organization. Under the ABPS Services Agreement, ABPS will provide us commercial fill/finish services and will serve as a second source of manufacturing for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. The ABPS Services Agreement was amended in December 2020 to, among other things, modify ABPS’s dedicated manufacturing capacity and buyback obligations and our related payment obligations for our neuromodulator products, including minimum
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purchase obligations, as well as provisions relating to the cancellation of product batches and the termination of the ABPS Services Agreement. We plan to utilize our internal and external ABPS facility to support commercial production of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved. If these or any future facility were to be damaged, destroyed or otherwise unable to operate, whether due to earthquakes, fire, floods, hurricanes, storms, tornadoes, other natural disasters, employee malfeasance, terrorist acts, power outages, actual or threatened epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks, or public health crises, or otherwise, or if performance of such manufacturing facilities is disrupted for any other reason, such an event could delay our clinical trials or, if our product candidates are approved, jeopardize our ability to manufacture our products as promptly as our customers expect or at all. As the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change, we do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our manufacturing operations or on ABPS’s ability to provide commercial fill/finish services and serve as a second source of manufacturing for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. If we experience delays in achieving our development objectives, or if we are unable to manufacture an approved product within a timeframe that meets our customers’ expectations, our business, prospects, financial results and reputation could be materially harmed.
We have incurred significant losses since our inception and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future. In January 2020, we entered into the Teoxane Agreement pursuant to which we obtained the right to import, market, promote, sell and distribute the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S., its territories and possessions. We have only had limited commercial sales of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, and aside from our rights to the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, we only have one product candidate in clinical trials, which makes it difficult to assess our future viability.
Biotechnology product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. We are not profitable and have incurred losses in each year since we commenced operations in 2002. In addition, we have limited experience and have not yet demonstrated an ability to successfully overcome many of the risks and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies in new and rapidly evolving fields, particularly in the biotechnology industry. We have only made limited sales of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers since the initial product launch in September 2020 and have not demonstrated the ability to successfully commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers over the long-term. To date, we have not obtained any regulatory approvals for any of our product candidates or generated any revenue from product sales relating to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar. We continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to our ongoing clinical trials and operations, and expect to incur substantial expenses in building out our sales, marketing and distribution function as we pursue commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, and the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. In addition, prior to the HintMD Acquisition, HintMD incurred a net loss in each year since its inception. We may have difficulties entering the payments industry and integrating new technologies in which we have no direct prior experience. We expect to incur significant expense developing the HintMD platform and growing business of the HintMD platform.
As of December 31, 2020, we had a working capital surplus of $389.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $1.1 billion. Our recorded net losses were $282.1 million, $159.4 million and $142.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale and issuance of common stock and the 2027 Notes. As of December 31, 2020, we had capital resources consisting of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $436.5 million. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale and issuance of common stock and the 2027 Notes. Our capital requirements to implement our business strategy are substantial, including our capital requirements to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and to develop and commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved. We believe that our currently available capital is sufficient to fund our operations through at least the next 12 months following the filing of this Form 10-K.
We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we anticipate that these losses will increase as we continue our development of, seek regulatory approval for and begin to commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, and continue to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. Our ability to achieve revenue and profitability is dependent on our ability to complete the development of our product candidates, obtain necessary regulatory approvals and manufacture, market and commercialize our products successfully, and increase market acceptance and adoption of and generate revenues from the HintMD platform. Even if we achieve profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise capital and continue operations.
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Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome, and results of earlier studies and trials may not be predictive of future trial results.
Clinical testing is expensive and can take many years to complete, and its outcome is inherently uncertain. Furthermore, we rely on CROs, and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials. While we have agreements governing the committed activities of our CROs, we have limited influence over their actual performance. A failure of one or more of our clinical trials can occur at any time during the clinical trial process. The results of preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates may not be predictive of the results of later-stage clinical trials. Furthermore, final results may differ from interim results. For example, any positive results generated to date in clinical trials for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection do not ensure that later clinical trials, including any DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection clinical trials for the treatment of glabellar lines, will demonstrate similar results. Product candidates in later stages of clinical trials may fail to show the desired safety profile and efficacy despite having progressed through preclinical studies and initial clinical trials.
A number of companies in the biotechnology industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials due to a lack of efficacy or adverse safety profiles, notwithstanding promising results in earlier clinical trials. We have suffered similar setbacks with the clinical development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA Topical and for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the management of plantar fasciitis, and we cannot be certain that we will not face other similar setbacks in the future for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in other indications or other clinical development programs. Even if our clinical trials are completed, the results may not be sufficient to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.
We may experience delays in our ongoing clinical trials, and we do not know whether future clinical trials, if any, will begin on time, need to be redesigned, enroll an adequate number of subjects on time or be completed on schedule, if at all. For example, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, enrollment in the JUNIPER Phase 2 adult upper limb spasticity trial was paused in March 2020 due to challenges related to the COVID-19 environment. In June 2020, we announced the decision to end screening and complete enrollment in the JUNIPER trial. We completed the JUNIPER trial in February of 2021 with 83 subjects enrolled. The JUNIPER Phase 2 trial achieved one co-primary endpoint, which evaluated the change in the MAS score from baseline, with demonstration of a statistically significant treatment benefit in the 500 unit treatment group compared with placebo. Statistical significance was not achieved on the second co-primary endpoint, however numerical improvement compared with placebo in all three doses on the PGIC assessment was achieved. Although we believe the JUNIPER Phase 2 trial provided sufficient data to inform our dosing strategy and design for a successful Phase 3 program, we cannot guarantee that the results of the Phase 3 program will generate positive results.
Clinical trials can be delayed or aborted for a variety of reasons, including delay or failure to:
•obtain regulatory approval to commence a trial;
•reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;
•obtain IRB approval at each site;
•recruit suitable subjects to participate in a trial;
•have subjects complete a trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;
•ensure clinical sites observe trial protocol or continue to participate in a trial;
•address any patient safety concerns that arise during the course of a trial;
•address any conflicts with new or existing laws or regulations;
•add a sufficient number of clinical trial sites; or
•manufacture sufficient quantities of product candidate for use in clinical trials.
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Subject enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials and is affected by many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the design of the clinical trial, competing clinical trials and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies, including any new drugs or treatments that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.
We could also encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, by the IRBs of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, by the data safety monitoring board for such trial or by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Such authorities may suspend or terminate a clinical trial due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, failure of inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, discovery of unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions, risks related to conducting clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic, or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial.
If we experience delays in the completion or termination of any clinical trial of our product candidates, the commercial prospects of these product candidates may be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from any of these product candidates will be delayed. In addition, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenues. Any of these occurrences may significantly harm our business, financial condition and prospects. In addition, many of the factors that cause or lead to a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.
We have not yet manufactured DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, or any other product candidates at full commercial scale. If any of these product candidates are approved, we will face certain risks associated with scaling up our manufacturing capabilities to support commercial production.
We have developed an integrated manufacturing, research and development facility located at our Newark, California office. We manufacture drug substance and finished dose forms of the drug product at this facility that we use for research and development purposes and clinical trials. We have not yet manufactured DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, or any other product candidates at commercial scale. If any of our product candidates are approved, we may need to expand our manufacturing facilities, add manufacturing personnel and ensure that validated processes are consistently implemented in our facilities and potentially enter into additional relationships with third-party manufacturers. The upgrade and expansion of our facilities will require additional regulatory approvals. In addition, it will be costly and time-consuming to expand our facilities and recruit necessary additional personnel. If we are unable to expand our manufacturing facilities in compliance with regulatory requirements or to hire additional necessary manufacturing personnel, we may encounter delays or additional costs in achieving our research, development and commercialization objectives, including obtaining regulatory approvals of our product candidates, which could materially damage our business and financial position.
We rely on Teoxane for the manufacture and supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, and our dependence on Teoxane may impair our ability to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
Pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement, we are not entitled to manufacture the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. Instead, Teoxane is responsible for supplying all of our requirements for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. If Teoxane were to cease production or otherwise fail to timely supply us with an adequate supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, our ability to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers would be adversely affected. For example, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by Teoxane, as they temporarily suspended production in Geneva, Switzerland. Teoxane resumed manufacturing operations at the end of April 2020 and delivered the first shipment of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to us in June 2020. As a result, the initial product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by one quarter to September 2020. Additional delays in the product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers may have an adverse effect on our commercialization strategy.
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Teoxane is required to produce the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers under QSR in order to meet acceptable standards for commercial sale. If such standards change, the ability of Teoxane to produce the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers on the schedule we require to meet commercialization goals may be affected. Teoxane is subject to pre-approval inspections and periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign authorities to ensure strict compliance with QSR and other applicable government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We do not have control over Teoxane’s compliance with these regulations and standards. Any difficulties or delays in Teoxane’s manufacturing and supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers or any failure of Teoxane to maintain compliance with the applicable regulations and standards could increase our costs, cause us to lose revenue, prevent the import and/or export of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, or cause the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to be the subject of field alerts, recalls or market withdrawals.
We currently contract with third-party manufacturers for certain components and services necessary to produce DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and expect to continue to do so to support further clinical trials and commercial scale production if DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection is approved. This increases the risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or be able to obtain such quantities at an acceptable cost, which could delay, prevent or impair our development or commercialization efforts.
We currently rely on third-party manufacturers for certain components such as bulk peptide and services such as fill/finish services, necessary to produce DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for our clinical trials, and we expect to continue to rely on these or other manufacturers to support our commercial requirements if DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection is approved. In particular, in March 2017, we entered into the ABPS Services Agreement, which we amended in December 2020. We plan to utilize our internal and external ABPS facility to support commercial production of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved. Some of our contracts with these manufacturers, including the ABPS Services Agreement, contain minimum order and pricing provisions and provide for early termination based on regulatory approval milestones.
Reliance on third-party manufacturers entails additional risks, including the reliance on the third party for regulatory compliance and quality assurance, the possible breach of the manufacturing agreement by the third party, and the possible termination or nonrenewal of the agreement by the third party at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us. In addition, third- party manufacturers may not be able to comply with cGMP or QSR, or similar regulatory requirements outside the U.S. Our failure or the failure of our third-party manufacturers to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could significantly and adversely affect supplies of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or any other product candidates or products that we may develop. Any failure or refusal to supply the components or services for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any other product candidates or products that we may develop could delay, prevent or impair our clinical development or commercialization efforts.
We depend on single-source suppliers for the raw materials necessary to produce DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, and any other product candidates. The loss of these suppliers, or their failure to supply us with these raw materials, could negatively affect our business.
We and our manufacturers purchase the materials necessary to produce DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for our clinical trials from single-source third-party suppliers. There are a limited number of suppliers for the raw materials that we use to manufacture our product candidates, and we may need to assess alternate suppliers to prevent a possible disruption of the manufacture of the materials necessary to produce our product candidates for our clinical trials and, if approved, ultimately for commercial sale. In particular, we outsource the manufacture of bulk peptide through an agreement with a single supplier.
We do not have any control over the process or timing of the acquisition of raw materials by our manufacturers. Although we generally do not begin a clinical trial unless we believe that we have a sufficient supply of a product candidate to complete the clinical trial and while we have taken steps to ensure we are sufficiently scaled to support expected future commercial demands, any significant delay in the supply of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates, or the raw material components thereof, for an ongoing clinical trial due to the need to replace a third-party supplier could considerably delay completion of our clinical trials, product testing and potential regulatory approval of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates. If we or our manufacturers are unable to purchase these
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raw materials on acceptable terms and at sufficient quality levels or in adequate quantities if at all, the development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and any future product candidates, or the commercial launch of any approved products, would be delayed or there would be a shortage in supply, which would impair our ability to meet our development objectives for our product candidates or generate revenues from the sale of any approved products.
Furthermore, if there is a disruption to our or our third-party suppliers’ relevant operations, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we will have no other means of producing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates until they restore the affected facilities or we or they procure alternative facilities. Additionally, any damage to or destruction of our or our third party or suppliers’ facilities or equipment may significantly impair our ability to manufacture our product candidates on a timely basis.
We or the third parties upon whom we depend may be adversely affected by earthquakes or other natural disasters and our business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious disaster.
Our corporate office that houses the majority of our workforce and other facilities, including our internal manufacturing facility, are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, which has experienced severe earthquakes. We do not carry earthquake insurance. Earthquakes or other natural disasters could severely disrupt our operations, and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
If a natural disaster, power outage or other event occurred that prevented us from using all or a significant portion of our offices or facilities or that damaged critical infrastructure, such as our manufacturing facility, enterprise financial systems or manufacturing resource planning and enterprise quality systems, or that otherwise disrupted operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. In particular, because we manufacture botulinum toxin in our facilities, we would be required to obtain further clearance and approval by state, federal or other applicable authorities to continue or resume manufacturing activities. The disaster recovery and business continuity plans we have in place currently are limited and may not be adequate in the event of a serious disaster or similar event. We may incur substantial expenses as a result of the limited nature of our disaster recovery and business continuity plans, which, particularly when taken together with our lack of earthquake insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Furthermore, integral parties in our supply chain are geographically concentrated and operating from single sites, thereby increasing their vulnerability to natural disasters or other sudden, unforeseen and severe adverse events. If such an event were to affect our supply chain, it could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We currently rely on third parties and consultants to conduct all of our preclinical studies and clinical trials. If these third parties or consultants do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, RHA® 1 or any hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates.
We do not have the ability to independently conduct preclinical studies or clinical trials. We rely on medical institutions, clinical investigators, contract laboratories, collaborative partners and other third parties, such as CROs and clinical data management organizations, to conduct clinical trials on our product candidates. The third parties with whom we contract for execution of our clinical trials play a significant role in the conduct of these trials and the subsequent collection and analysis of data. However, these third parties are not our employees, and except for contractual duties and obligations, we have limited ability to control the amount or timing of resources that they devote to our programs. Although we rely on these third parties to conduct our preclinical studies and clinical trials, we remain responsible for ensuring that each of our preclinical studies and clinical trials is conducted in accordance with its investigational plan and protocol. Moreover, the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities require us to comply with GCPs and good laboratory practices for conducting, monitoring, recording and reporting the results of clinical and preclinical trials to ensure that the data and results are scientifically credible and accurate, and that the trial subjects are adequately informed of the potential risks of participating in clinical trials. We also rely on consultants to assist in the execution, including data collection and analysis, of our clinical trials.
In addition, the execution of preclinical studies and clinical trials, and the subsequent compilation and analysis of the data produced, requires coordination among various parties. In order for these functions to be carried out effectively and efficiently, it is imperative that these parties communicate and coordinate with one another. Moreover, these third parties may
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also have relationships with other commercial entities, some of which may compete with us. These third parties may terminate their agreements with us upon as little as 30 days’ prior written notice of a material breach by us that is not cured within 30 days. Many of these agreements may also be terminated by such third parties under certain other circumstances, including our insolvency or our failure to comply with applicable laws. In general, these agreements require such third parties to reasonably cooperate with us at our expense for an orderly winding down of services of such third parties under the agreements. If the third parties or consultants conducting our clinical trials do not perform their contractual duties or obligations, experience work stoppages, do not meet expected deadlines, terminate their agreements with us or need to be replaced, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to our clinical trial protocols or GCPs, or for any other reason, we may need to conduct additional clinical trials or enter into new arrangements, which could be difficult, costly or impossible, and our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated or may need to be repeated. We may be unable to recover unused funds from these third-parties. If any of the foregoing were to occur, we may not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, regulatory approval for, and will not be able to, or may be delayed in our efforts to, successfully commercialize the product candidate being tested in such trials.
If we are found to have improperly promoted off-label uses for our products that are approved for marketing, including the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if approved for marketing, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or if physicians misuse our products or use our products off-label, we may become subject to prohibitions on the sale or marketing of our products, significant fines, penalties, and sanctions, product liability claims, and our image and reputation within the industry and marketplace could be harmed.
The FDA and other regulatory agencies strictly regulate the marketing and promotional claims that are made about regulated products, such as the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if approved, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. In particular, a product may not be promoted for uses or indications that are not approved by the FDA or such other regulatory agencies as reflected in the product’s approved labeling. If we are found to have promoted such off-label uses, we may receive warning letters, become subject to significant liability and be subject to FDA prohibitions on the sale or marketing of our products, which could affect our reputation within the industry and materially harm our business. The federal government has levied large civil and criminal fines against companies for alleged improper promotion and has enjoined several companies from engaging in off-label promotion. If we become the target of such an investigation or prosecution based on our marketing and promotional practices, we could face similar sanctions, which would materially harm our business. In addition, management’s attention could be diverted from our business operations, significant legal expenses could be incurred, and our reputation could be damaged. The FDA has also requested that companies enter into consent decrees or permanent injunctions under which specified promotional conduct is changed or curtailed.
Physicians may, in their independent medical judgment, prescribe legally available products for off-label uses. However, physicians may also misuse the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if approved, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or our other products, or use improper techniques, potentially leading to adverse results, side effects or injury, which may lead to product liability claims. If these products are misused or used with improper technique, we may become subject to costly litigation by our customers or their patients. Product liability claims could divert management’s attention from our core business, be expensive to defend, and result in sizable damage awards against us that may not be covered by insurance. Furthermore, the use of these products for indications other than those cleared by the FDA may not effectively treat such conditions, which could harm our reputation in the marketplace among physicians and patients.
Any of these events could harm our business and results of operations and cause our stock price to decline.
We are subject to uncertainty relating to third-party reimbursement policies which, if not favorable for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates for therapeutic indications, could hinder or prevent their commercial success.
Our ability to commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates for therapeutic indications such as cervical dystonia, adult upper limb spasticity or migraine will depend in part on the coverage and reimbursement levels set by governmental authorities, private health insurers and other third-party payors. As a threshold for coverage and reimbursement, third-party payors generally require that drug products have been approved for marketing by the FDA. Third-party payors also are increasingly challenging the effectiveness of and prices charged for medical products and services. We may not obtain adequate third-party coverage or reimbursement for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or
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any future product candidates for therapeutic indications, or we may be required to sell them at a discount. Third party payor coverage and reimbursement will not likely be available for our products developed for aesthetic indications.
We expect that third-party payors will consider the efficacy, cost effectiveness and safety of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in determining whether to approve reimbursement for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for therapeutic indications and at what level. Our business would be materially adversely affected if we do not receive coverage and adequate reimbursement of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for therapeutic indications from private insurers on a timely or satisfactory basis. No uniform policy for coverage and reimbursement for products exists among third-party payors in the U.S.; therefore, coverage and reimbursement for products can differ significantly from payor to payor. Further, coverage under certain government programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, may not be available for certain of our product candidates. As a result, the coverage determination process will likely be a time-consuming and costly process, with no assurance that coverage and adequate reimbursement will be applied consistently or obtained in the first instance. Our business could also be adversely affected if third-party payors limit the indications for which DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection will be reimbursed to a smaller patient set than we believe they are effective in treating.
In some foreign countries, particularly Canada and European countries, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to strict governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take six to 12 months or longer after the receipt of regulatory approval and product launch. To obtain favorable reimbursement for the indications sought or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical trial that compares the cost-effectiveness of our products, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, to other available therapies. If reimbursement for our product is unavailable in any country in which reimbursement is sought, limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, our business could be materially harmed.
If product liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of any future products we develop.
We face an inherent risk of product liability lawsuits as a result of commercializing the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, and as a result of the clinical testing of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, or any other product candidates. For example, we may be sued if any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products. Even a successful defense would require significant financial and management resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability claims may result in:
•decreased demand for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates or products we develop;
•injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention;
•withdrawal of clinical trial participants or cancellation of clinical trials;
•costs to defend the related litigation;
•a diversion of management’s time and our resources;
•substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;
•regulatory investigations, product recalls, withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional restrictions;
•loss of revenue;
•an increase in product liability insurance premiums or an inability to maintain product liability insurance coverage; and
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•the inability to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any other products we develop.
Our inability to obtain and maintain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost and scope of coverage to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers or any future products we develop. We currently carry product liability insurance covering our clinical trials. Although we maintain such insurance, any claim that may be brought against us could result in a court judgment or settlement in an amount that is not covered, in whole or in part, by our insurance or that is in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. Our insurance policies also have various exclusions and deductibles, and we may be subject to a product liability claim for which we have no coverage. We will have to pay any amounts awarded by a court or negotiated in a settlement that exceed our coverage limitations or that are not covered by our insurance, and we may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay such amounts. Moreover, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses. If and when we obtain approval for marketing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection we intend to expand our insurance coverage to include the sale of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection as applicable; however, we may be unable to obtain this liability insurance on commercially reasonable terms.
We have been, and in the future may be, subject to securities class action and stockholder derivative actions. These, and potential similar or related litigation, could result in substantial damages and may divert management’s time and attention from our business.
We have been, and may in the future be, the target of securities class actions or stockholder derivative claims. On May 1, 2015, a securities class action complaint was filed on behalf of the City of Warren Police and Fire Retirement System against us and certain of our directors and executive officers at the time of our follow-on public offering, and the investment banking firms that acted as the underwriters in our follow-on public offering. The Court granted final approval of the settlement, as set forth in the Stipulation of Settlement, on July 28, 2017. While the litigation has ended, we may be subject to future securities class action and shareholder derivation actions, which may adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial position or cash flows and divert management’s time and attention from the business.
If we are not successful in discovering, developing, acquiring and commercializing additional product candidates, our ability to expand our business and achieve our strategic objectives would be impaired.
Although a substantial amount of our effort will focus on the commercialization of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and the continued clinical testing and potential approval of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, a key element of our strategy is to discover, develop and commercialize a portfolio of neuromodulator products for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications. We are seeking to do so through our internal research programs and may explore strategic collaborations for the development or acquisition of new products.
Even if we identify an appropriate collaboration or product acquisition, we may not be successful in negotiating the terms of the collaboration or acquisition, or effectively integrating the collaboration or acquired product into our existing business and operations. Moreover, we may not be able to pursue such opportunities if they fall within the non-compete provision of the Teoxane Agreement, which prohibits us from developing, manufacturing, marketing, selling, detailing or promoting any cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal filler (other than the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers) in the U.S. during the term of the Teoxane Agreement. We have limited experience in successfully acquiring and integrating products and technologies into our business and operations, and even if we are able to consummate an acquisition or other investment, we may not realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments. We may face risks, uncertainties and disruptions, including difficulties in the integration of the operations and services of these acquisitions. If we fail to successfully integrate collaborations, assets, products or technologies that we enter into or acquire, or if we fail to successfully exploit acquired product distribution rights and maintain acquired relationships with customers, our business could be harmed. Furthermore, we may have to incur debt or issue equity securities in connection with proposed collaborations or to pay for any product acquisitions or investments, the issuance of which could be dilutive to our existing shareholders. Identifying, contemplating, negotiating or completing a collaboration or product acquisition and integrating an acquired product or technology could significantly divert management and employee time and resources.
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While DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection is in the clinical development stage, our onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar and all of our other potential product candidates remain in the discovery or preclinical stage. Research programs to identify product candidates require substantial technical, financial and human resources, whether or not any product candidates are ultimately identified. Our research programs may initially show promise in identifying potential product candidates, yet fail to yield product candidates for clinical development for many reasons, including the following:
•the research methodology used may not be successful in identifying potential product candidates;
•competitors may develop alternatives that render our product candidates obsolete or less attractive;
•product candidates we develop may nevertheless be covered by third parties’ patents or other exclusive rights;
•a product candidate may on further study be shown to have harmful side effects or other characteristics that indicate it is unlikely to be effective or otherwise does not meet applicable regulatory criteria;
•a product candidate may not be capable of being produced in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost, or at all;
•a product candidate may not be accepted as safe and effective by patients, the medical community or third-party payors, if applicable; and
•intellectual property rights of third parties may potentially block our entry into certain geographies or make such entry economically impracticable.
If we fail to develop and successfully commercialize other product candidates, our business and future prospects may be harmed and our business will be more vulnerable to problems that we encounter in commercializing the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and in developing and commercializing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection.
Our business involves the use of hazardous materials and we and our third-party manufacturers and suppliers must comply with environmental laws and regulations, which can be expensive and restrict how we do business.
Our sales, marketing, research and development and manufacturing activities and our third-party manufacturers’ and suppliers’ activities involve the controlled storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials owned by us, including botulinum toxin type A, a key component of our product candidates, and other hazardous compounds. We and our manufacturers and suppliers are subject to laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of these hazardous materials. We are licensed with the CDC and with the California Department of Health, Food and Drug Branch for use of botulinum toxin and to manufacture both the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the finished product in topical and injectable dose forms. In some cases, these hazardous materials and various wastes resulting from their use are stored at our and our manufacturers’ facilities pending their use and disposal. We cannot eliminate the risk of contamination, which could cause an interruption of our commercialization efforts, research and development efforts and business operations, environmental damage resulting in costly clean-up and liabilities under applicable laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. Although we believe that the safety procedures utilized by us and our third-party manufacturers for handling and disposing of these materials generally comply with the standards prescribed by these laws and regulations, we cannot guarantee that this is the case or eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In such an event, we may be held liable for any resulting damages and such liability could exceed our resources and state or federal or other applicable authorities may curtail our use of certain materials and interrupt our business operations. Furthermore, environmental laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and have tended to become more stringent. We cannot predict the impact of such changes and cannot be certain of our future compliance.
We may use third-party collaborators to help us develop, validate or commercialize any new product candidates, and our ability to commercialize such product candidates could be impaired or delayed if these collaborations are unsuccessful.
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We may continue to license or selectively pursue strategic collaborations for the development, validation and commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, hyaluronic acid filler products, and any future product candidates. For instance, in February 2018, we and Viatris entered into the Viatris Collaboration, as amended in August 2019, pursuant to which we and Viatris are collaborating exclusively, on a world-wide basis (excluding Japan), to develop, manufacture and commercialize our onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product candidate. In December 2018, we and Fosun entered into the Fosun License Agreement pursuant to which we have granted Fosun the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the Fosun Territory and certain sublicense rights. In addition, we entered into the Teoxane Agreement in January 2020, as amended in September 2020, pursuant to which Teoxane granted us the exclusive right to import, market, promote, sell and distribute the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S., its territories and possessions. In any third-party collaboration, we are dependent upon the success of the collaborators to perform their responsibilities with continued cooperation. Our collaborators may not cooperate with us or perform their obligations under our agreements with them. We cannot control the amount and timing of our collaborators’ resources that will be devoted to performing their responsibilities under our agreements with them. Our collaborators may choose to pursue alternative technologies in preference to those being developed in collaboration with us. The development, validation and commercialization of our product candidates will be delayed if collaborators fail to conduct their responsibilities in a timely manner or in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements or if they breach or terminate their collaboration agreements with us.
Disputes with our collaborators could also impair our reputation or result in development delays, decreased revenues and litigation expenses. Our collaboration with Viatris is for the development of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, which is subject to risks inherent with the relatively short history of biosimilar product approvals in the U.S. In February 2019, we and Viatris participated in a BIAM with the FDA to discuss the feasibility of a 351(k) onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar submission and the necessary development pathway for an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product candidate. While we believe that such a pathway is viable, the successful development and commercialization of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product in any indications of BOTOX® or BOTOX Cosmetic® would be subject to FDA requirements that would need to be assessed by us and Viatris in determining the development of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product candidate. Even if successfully developed, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar product would be subject to similar commercial risks as our DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection.
Significant disruptions of information technology systems or security breaches could materially adversely affect our business, our reputation, our customer relationships, results of operations and financial condition.
We collect and maintain information in digital form that is necessary to conduct our business, and we are increasingly dependent on information technology systems and infrastructure to operate our business. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store and transmit confidential information, including intellectual property, proprietary business information, and personally identifiable information (“personal information”). It is critical that we do so in a secure manner to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of such confidential information. We have established physical, electronic and organizational measures to safeguard and secure our systems to prevent a data compromise, and rely on commercially available systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for our information technology systems and the processing, transmission and storage of digital information. We have also outsourced elements of our information technology infrastructure, and as a result a number of third-party vendors may or could have access to our confidential information. Our internal information technology systems and infrastructure, and those of our current and any future collaborators, contractors and consultants and other third parties on which we rely, are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, malware, natural disasters, terrorism, war, telecommunication and electrical failures, cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusions over the Internet, attachments to emails, persons inside our organization, or persons with access to systems inside our organization. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and often are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. We may also experience unauthorized, accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, disclosure of, or access to, data, systems, networks, infrastructure and facilities (“security breaches”) that may remain undetected for extended periods of time. Security breaches can be difficult to detect and any delay in identifying them could increase their harm. While we have implemented security measures to protect our data security and information technology systems, the recovery systems, security protocols, network protection mechanisms and other security measures that we have integrated into our systems, the HintMD platform, systems, networks, and physical facilities, which are designed to protect against, detect and minimize security breaches, may not be adequate to prevent or detect service interruption, system failure, data access, data loss or other types of security breach. Third parties may also exploit vulnerabilities in, or obtain unauthorized access to,
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platforms, systems, networks and/or physical facilities used by our vendors. In addition, our work from home policy implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could increase our cyber security risk, create data accessibility concerns, and make us more susceptible to communication disruptions. U.S. and international authorities have been warning businesses of increased cybersecurity threats from actors seeking to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. Any such security breaches could disrupt our operations, harm our reputation or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. In addition, our HintMD platform operates in an industry that is prone to cyber-attacks and the prevalent use of mobile devices that access confidential information increases the risk of security breaches, which could lead to the loss of our or our customers’ data, confidential information or other intellectual property. The costs to us to mitigate network security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and while we have implemented security measures to protect our data security and information technology systems, our efforts to address these problems may not be successful, and these problems could result in unexpected interruptions, delays, cessation of service and other harm to our business and our competitive position. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption of our product development programs. For example, the loss or compromise to the integrity of clinical study data from completed or ongoing or planned clinical studies could result in delays in our regulatory approval efforts and significantly increase our costs to recover or reproduce the data. In addition, where cardholder data is compromised, HintMD might be responsible for payment network fines levied pursuant to payment network rules and regulations.
Moreover, if a security breach affects our systems, corrupts our data or results in the unauthorized disclosure or release of personal information, our reputation could be materially damaged. In addition, federal, state and local governments and agencies in the United States and many countries around the world, including the member states of the EEA, have adopted laws and regulations concerning the collection, use, adaptation, alteration, combination, maintenance, recording, organization, structuring, storage, retrieval, consultation, disclosure, protection, restriction, erasure, destruction and the performance of other operations (collectively the “processing”) of personal information of individuals (including patients, consumers, employees, and professionals) who reside in the United States and these other countries (generally, “privacy laws”). Additionally, United States and foreign laws and regulations, including laws in every U.S. state, and laws in the member states of the EEA, may require notification to governmental agencies, supervisory authorities, credit reporting agencies, the media, or individual data subjects, in the event the company suffers a security breach that exposes personal information processed by or on behalf of the company (“breach notification laws”). For example, privacy laws such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by HIPAA, U.S. state data breach notification laws, and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (“GDPR”) together with implementing or supplementary legislation of member states of the EEA all have significant obligations with respect to processing personal information, as well as obligations related to notifications in the event of certain unauthorized disclosures, access, loss, alteration or destruction of personal information.
In the event of a security breach affecting personal information we could also be exposed, pursuant to these privacy laws and breach notification laws, to a risk of financial loss, regulatory enforcement measures, penalties, and fines, as well as third-party indemnification claims or litigation, and potential civil or criminal liability, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, unauthorized access to the HintMD platform, systems, networks, or physical facilities, could result in litigation with HintMD customers, HintMD customers’ end-users, or other relevant stakeholders. Any of these proceedings could force us to spend money in defense or settlement, divert management’s time and attention, increase our costs of doing business, or adversely affect our reputation and the reputation of the HintMD platform. We could be required to fundamentally change the business activities and practices of the HintMD platform or modify its products and/or platform capabilities in response to such litigation, which could have an adverse effect on our business. If a security breach were to occur, and the confidentiality, integrity or availability of our data or the data of our or HintMD’s customers or its customers’ end-users was disrupted, we could incur significant liability, or the HintMD platform, systems or networks may be perceived as less desirable, which could negatively affect our business and damage our reputation. Any of the foregoing circumstances may have a material adverse effect on our business and its results of operations as a result.
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In addition to the obligations arising from the breach notification laws, we also have contractual and legal obligations to notify relevant stakeholders, including certain customers and partners, of security breaches. Such mandatory disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, may cause our customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures and require us to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to and/or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach. A security breach may result in a breach of HintMD customer contracts or agreements with third party service providers. Our agreements with certain customers or third party service providers may require us to use industry-standard, reasonable measures, or measures otherwise mandated by law to safeguard personal information or confidential information. A security breach could lead to claims by our customers, their end-users, or other relevant stakeholders that we have failed to comply with such legal or contractual obligations. As a result, we could be subject to legal action or our customers or third party service providers could end their relationships with the HintMD platform. There can be no assurance that the limitations of liability in our contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages.
Changes in and failures to comply with U.S. and foreign privacy laws and standards may adversely affect our business, operations and financial performance.
As stated above, we are subject to or affected by numerous federal, state and foreign privacy laws, as well as regulatory guidance, governing the processing of personal information, such as information that we collect about patients and healthcare providers in connection with clinical trials in the U.S. and abroad. This global privacy law and regulatory guidance landscape is rapidly evolving, and implementation standards and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. This evolution may create uncertainty in our business, affect our or our vendors’ ability to operate in certain jurisdictions or to collect, store, transfer, use, share and otherwise process personal information, necessitate the acceptance of more onerous obligations in our contracts, result in liability, or impose additional costs on us. The cost of compliance with these laws, regulations and standards is high and is likely to increase in the future. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with federal, state or foreign privacy laws, our internal policies and procedures, or our contracts governing our processing of personal information could result in negative publicity, diversion of management time and effort, and proceedings against us by governmental entities or others. In many jurisdictions, enforcement actions and consequences for noncompliance are rising.
In the U.S., HIPAA imposes, among other things, certain standards and obligations on covered entities including certain healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses, as well as their respective business associates and their subcontractors that create, receive, maintain, or transmit individually identifiable health information for or on behalf of a covered entity relating to the privacy, security, transmission and breach reporting of individually identifiable health information. Certain states have also adopted comparable privacy and security laws and regulations, some of which may be more stringent than HIPAA. We may become subject to new privacy laws or cybersecurity regulations. Such laws and regulations could affect our ability to process personal information (in particular, our ability to use certain data for purposes such as risk or fraud avoidance, marketing or advertising), our ability to control our costs by using certain vendors or service providers, or impact our ability to offer certain services in certain jurisdictions. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act became effective on January 1, 2020 and its applicable regulations are being implemented in waves by the California Attorney General, including additional regulations that were still in the comment phase at the end of 2020 (collectively the Act and its regulations, “CCPA”). The CCPA establishes a privacy framework for covered businesses, including an expansive definition of personal information and data privacy rights for California residents. The CCPA includes a framework with potentially severe statutory damages and private rights of action. The CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers (as that word is broadly defined in the CCPA), provide such consumers new ways to opt-out of certain sales of personal information, and allow for a new cause of action for data breaches. As we expand our operations, the CCPA will likely impact our business activities and may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. If we fail to comply with the CCPA, including all of the various and recent waves of its implementing regulations, we may face significant fines and penalties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Other states are beginning to pass similar laws, and some observers have noted that the CCPA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S., which could increase our potential liability and adversely affect our business. Such laws and regulations will be subject to interpretation by various courts and other governmental authorities, thus creating potentially complex compliance issues for us and our future customers and strategic partners.
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Because data security is a critical competitive factor in the payments processing industry, there are statements in the HintMD platform privacy policies and terms of service, its certifications to privacy standards, and its marketing materials, describing the security of the HintMD platform, including descriptions of certain security measures it employs. Should any of these statements be untrue, become untrue, or be perceived to be untrue, even if through circumstances beyond our reasonable control, we may face claims, including claims of unfair or deceptive trade practices, brought by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, state, local regulators or private litigants. In the event that we are subject to HIPAA, the CCPA, or other U.S. privacy laws, any liability from failure to comply with the requirements of these laws could adversely affect our financial condition.
Our operations abroad may also be subject to increased scrutiny or attention from data protection authorities. Many countries in these regions have established or are in the process of establishing privacy laws with which we, our customers, and our vendors must comply. For example, member states of the EEA have adopted the GDPR, which went into effect in May 2018 and introduces strict requirements for processing the personal information of data subjects in the EEA, including clinical trial data. The GDPR has increased compliance burdens on us, including by requiring the following: establishing a legal basis for processing personal information; creating obligations for controllers and processors to appoint data protection officers in certain circumstances; increasing transparency obligations to data subjects for controllers (including presentation of certain information in a concise, intelligible and easily accessible form about how their personal information is used and their rights vis-à-vis that data and its use); introducing the obligation to carry out so-called data protection impact assessments in certain circumstances; establishing limitations on collection and retention of personal information through ‘purpose,’ ‘data minimization’ and ‘storage limitation’ principles; establishing obligations to implement ‘privacy by design’ introducing obligations to honor increased rights for data subjects (such as rights for individuals to be ‘forgotten,’ rights to data portability, rights to object etc. in certain circumstances); formalizing a heightened and codified standard of data subject consent; establishing obligations to implement certain technical and organizational safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of personal information; introducing obligations to agree to certain specific contractual terms and to take certain measures when engaging third party processors and joint controllers; introducing the obligation to provide notice of certain significant security breaches to the relevant supervisory authority(ies) and affected individuals; and mandating the appointment representatives in the European Union in certain circumstances.
The processing of ‘special categories of personal data’, such as data concerning health, biometric data used for unique identification purposes and genetic information imposes heightened compliance burdens under the GDPR and is a topic of active interest among foreign regulators. The GDPR increases our obligations with respect to clinical trials conducted in Europe by expressly expanding the definition of personal information to include ‘pseudonymized’ or key-coded data and requiring changes to informed consent practices and more detailed notices for clinical trial subjects and investigators. The GDPR also provides that EEA member states should make their own further laws and regulations to introduce specific requirements related to the processing of ‘special categories of personal data,’ as well as personal information related to criminal offences or convictions. This fact may lead to greater divergence on the law that applies to the processing of such data types across the EEA, compliance with which, as and where applicable, may increase our costs and could increase our overall compliance risk.
In addition, the GDPR provides for robust regulatory enforcement and greater penalties for noncompliance than previous data protection laws, including fines of up to €20 million or 4 percent of the annual global revenue of the noncompliant company for the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. In addition to administrative fines, a wide variety of other potential enforcement powers are available to competent supervisory authorities in respect of potential and suspected violations of the GDPR, including extensive audit and inspection rights, and powers to order temporary or permanent bans on all or some processing of personal information carried out by non-compliant actors. The GDPR also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies, and obtain compensation for damages resulting from violations of the GDPR.
European data protection laws, including the GDPR, generally restrict the transfer of personal information from Europe, including the EEA, United Kingdom and Switzerland, to the United States and most other countries unless the parties to the transfer have implemented specific safeguards to protect the transferred personal information. One of the primary safeguards allowing U.S. companies to import personal information from Europe had been certification to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield frameworks administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce. However, the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield was invalidated in July 2020 by the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU") in a case known colloquially as “Schrems II.” Following this decision, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information
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Commissioner (the "FDPIC"), announced that the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield does not provide adequate safeguards for the purposes of personal information transfers from Switzerland to the United States. While the FDPIC does not have authority to invalidate the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield regime, the FDPIC’s announcement casts doubt on the viability of the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield as a future compliance mechanism for Swiss-U.S. data transfers.
The CJEU’s decision in Schrems II also raised questions about whether one of the primary alternatives to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, namely, the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, can lawfully be used for personal information transfers from Europe to the United States or other third countries that are not the subject of an adequacy decision of the European Commission. While the CJEU upheld the adequacy of the Standard Contractual Clauses in principle in Schrems II, it made clear that reliance on those Clauses alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances. Use of the Standard Contractual Clauses must now be assessed on a case-by-case basis taking into account the legal regime applicable in the destination country, in particular regarding applicable surveillance laws and relevant rights of individuals with respect to the transferred data. In the context of any given transfer, where the legal regime applicable in the destination country may or does conflict with the intended operation of the Standard Contractual Clauses and/or applicable European law, the decision in Schrems II and subsequent draft guidance from the European Data Protection Board, or EDPB, would require the parties to that transfer to implement certain supplementary technical, organizational and/or contractual measures to rely on the Standard Contractual Clauses as a compliant ‘transfer mechanism.’ However, the aforementioned draft guidance from the EDPB on such supplementary technical, organizational and/or contractual measures appears to conclude that no combination of such measures could be sufficient to allow effective reliance on the Standard Contractual Clauses in the context of transfers of personal information ‘in the clear’ to recipients in countries where the power granted to public authorities to access the transferred data goes beyond that which is ‘necessary and proportionate in a democratic society’ – which may, following the CJEU’s conclusions in Schrems II on relevant powers of United States public authorities and commentary in that draft EDPB guidance, include the United States in certain circumstances (e.g., where Section 702 of the US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act applies). At present, there are few, if any, viable alternatives to the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield and the Standard Contractual Clauses.
As such, if we are unable to implement a valid solution for personal information transfers from Europe, including, for example, obtaining individuals’ explicit consent to transfer their personal information from Europe to the United States or other countries, we will face increased exposure to regulatory actions, substantial fines and injunctions against processing personal information from Europe. Inability to import personal information from the EEA, United Kingdom or Switzerland may also restrict our clinical trials activities in Europe; limit our ability to collaborate with contract research organizations as well as other service providers, contractors and other companies subject to European data protection laws; and require us to increase our data processing capabilities in Europe at significant expense. Additionally, other countries outside of Europe have enacted or are considering enacting similar cross-border data transfer restrictions and laws requiring local data residency, which could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services and operating our business. The type of challenges we face in Europe will likely also arise in other jurisdictions that adopt laws similar in construction to the GDPR or regulatory frameworks of equivalent complexity.
As we continue to expand into other foreign countries and jurisdictions, we may be subject to additional laws and regulations that may affect how we conduct business. It is possible that the GDPR, CCPA or other laws and regulations relating to privacy and data protection may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction or inconsistent with our current policies and practices and compliance with such laws and regulations could require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business. We cannot guarantee that we are in compliance with all such applicable data protection laws and regulations as they are enforced now or as they evolve.
The relocation of our headquarters may not be executed as we envision.
We moved our global headquarters from Newark, California, to Nashville, Tennessee, effective January 1, 2021. In connection with this relocation, we could experience unexpected costs or business disruption and diversion of management attention, which could negatively impact our business operations and result in additional costs. The relocation may have a significant adverse effect on our ability to motivate and retain current employees. Further significant managerial and operational challenges could arise, such as ineffective transfer of institutional knowledge from current employees to newly-hired employees and we could encounter more difficulty than expected in hiring qualified employees to help staff our Nashville headquarters.
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Risks Related to the HintMD Platform
The HintMD platform has been installed in limited pilot accounts. If HintMD is not able to increase adoption and use of the HintMD platform and maintain and enhance the HintMD brand, then HintMD's business, operating results and financial condition may be negatively impacted, and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of the HintMD Acquisition.
Customers of the HintMD platform consist of plastic surgeons, dermatologists and medical spas, which we refer to as “practices.” In order to increase revenue from the HintMD platform and market our aesthetic product portfolio through the HintMD platform, we need to expand the HintMD customer base significantly, and practices and their patients must continue to utilize the HintMD platform. If the HintMD platform is not widely adopted then our expectations for revenue growth and additional marketing opportunities from the HintMD platform will not be achieved. There is no assurance that we will be successful in increasing the use of the HintMD platform.
We believe that maintaining and enhancing the HintMD reputation as a differentiated payments processing platform serving the medical aesthetic industry is critical to HintMD's relationship with existing customers and its ability to attract new customers and may also result in the generation of new aesthetic product customers for Revance. The successful promotion of HintMD’s brand attributes will depend on a number of factors, including its ability to target and have the HintMD platform adopted by premier accounts, to increase loyalty between practices and patients, to continue to develop high-quality software, to successfully differentiate the HintMD platform from competitive products and services, and to achieve success in sales and marketing efforts. In July 2020, Allergan terminate its alliance with HintMD through Allergan’s Brilliant Distinctions® program, which may adversely impact the adoption of the HintMD platform by new practices. However, we believe that the open nature of the HintMD platform and ability to work with practices to develop their own subscription or loyalty programs that are not focused on specific manufacturers will enable HintMD to attract new customers.
The promotion of the HintMD platform will require us to make substantial expenditures, and we anticipate that the expenditures will increase as we seek to expand the HintMD platform. To the extent that these activities generate increased revenue, this revenue may not offset the increased expenses we incur. If HintMD does not successfully maintain and enhance the HintMD platform offerings, it could lose customers or fail to attract potential new customers, which would negatively affect HintMD's business, operating results and financial condition. As a result, Revance may not generate revenue from the HintMD platform, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, or Revance may not realize the anticipated benefits from the HintMD Acquisition.
The HintMD Acquisition may result in significant charges or other liabilities that could adversely affect our financial results.
Our financial results may be adversely affected by cash expenses and non-cash accounting charges incurred in connection with our integration of the business and operations of HintMD. The amount and timing of these possible charges are not yet known. Further, our failure to identify or accurately assess the magnitude of certain liabilities or necessary technology investments we are assuming as a result of the HintMD Acquisition could result in unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting charges, unexpected increases in taxes due, a loss of anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition.
Interruptions or performance problems associated with the HintMD platform technology and infrastructure may adversely affect our business and operating results.
The continued growth of the HintMD platform depends in part on the ability of users to access the platform at any time and within an acceptable amount of time. The HintMD platform is proprietary, and it relies on the expertise of members of engineering, operations and software development teams for its continued performance. In addition, we depend on external data centers, such as Amazon’s AWS, to host the HintMD platform applications and have integrated third-party services that we rely upon as critical components of the HintMD application. We do not control the operation of these facilities. The HintMD platform has experienced minor disruptions, outages and performance problems in the past, and may in the future experience disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, introductions of new functionality, human or software errors, delays in scaling of the technical infrastructure (such as if we
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do not maintain enough excess capacity or accurately predict the infrastructure requirements of the HintMD platform), capacity constraints due to an overwhelming number of users accessing the HintMD platform simultaneously, denial-of-service or other cyber-attacks or other security-related incidents. In some instances, HintMD may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve the performance of the HintMD platform, especially during peak usage times and as the HintMD platform becomes more complex and its user traffic increases. As a result, the HintMD platform may become unavailable or users may be unable to access the HintMD platform within a reasonable amount of time. In the event of any of the factors described above, or certain other failures of our infrastructure, user data may be permanently lost. If the HintMD platform experiences significant periods of service downtime in the future, HintMD and Revance may be subject to claims by users of the HintMD platform. To the extent that HintMD and Revance do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems as needed, continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology and efficiently resolve interruptions or performance problems with the HintMD platform, existing relationships with practices would be adversely affected and the HintMD brand could be harmed. Poor relationships with practices and reputational harm to HintMD could negatively impact Revance’s brand and its relationships with aesthetic product customers.
The business and growth of the HintMD platform depend in part on the success of its strategic relationships with third parties, including payments partners, platform partners, technology partners and aesthetics manufacturers.
HintMD depends on, and anticipates that it will continue to depend on, various third-party relationships in order to sustain and grow the HintMD platform. It is highly dependent upon partners for certain critical features and functionality of the HintMD platform, including secure data centers, a sponsor bank, third-party payment processors and third-party aesthetics manufacturers which have used the HintMD platform for brand loyalty programs. The inability of the HintMD platform to provide brand loyalty programs as it has in the past may adversely impact the adoption of the HintMD platform by new practices or may result in a loss of current customers. In July 2020, Allergan terminated its alliance with HintMD through Allergan’s Brilliant Distinctions® program, which may have a negative impact on customer retention and adoption.
HintMD depends on hardware providers and third-party processing partners to perform payment processing services to make the HintMD platform work. For example, it relies on Fiserv to provide the payment gateway services that enables the HintMD platform to process payments, and if Fiserv is unable to continue to supply processing for the HintMD platform, the performance of the HintMD platform system could be adversely affected and its growth would be limited. Its processing partners and suppliers may go out of business or otherwise be unable or unwilling to continue providing such services, which could significantly and materially reduce its payments revenue and disrupt its business. In addition, users of the HintMD platform may be subject to quality issues related to its third-party processing partners or it may become involved in contractual disputes with its processing partners, both of which could impact the HintMD reputation and adversely impact customer relationships and its ability to generate revenue.
If HintMD were no longer able to use its current third-party processing partners, it may be required to migrate to other third-party payment partners in the future. The initiation of these relationships and the transition from one relationship to another could require significant time and resources, and establishing these new relationships may be challenging. Further, any new third-party payment processing relationships may not be as effective, efficient or well received by users of the HintMD platform, nor is there any assurance that HintMD will be able to reach an agreement with such processing partners. Contracts with such processing partners may be less economically beneficial to HintMD than existing relationships. In addition, for pricing, technological or other reasons, existing customers may not agree to migrate to a new payments provider, which may reduce the HintMD customer base and decrease the profitability of the HintMD platform.
In addition to a third-party payment processor, another payment partner required for HintMD to act as a PayFac is an acquiring bank that is a member of the payment networks. The acquiring bank acquires and settles funds on behalf of its customers. The acquiring bank may change their underwriting criteria such that continued use of the acquiring bank would render HintMD processing services unprofitable, the acquiring bank may itself encounter difficulties unrelated to HintMD or payment network rules may be amended rendering the acquiring bank incapable of processing for HintMD customers. Any of these occurrences could interfere with the ability of the HintMD platform to secure effective and profitable payment processing services for its customers, which would disrupt the HintMD business, increase its expenses and impact the services it could provide to its customers.
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In addition, failure of these or any of its technology providers to maintain, support or secure their technology platforms in general, and HintMD integrations in particular, or errors or defects in their technology, could materially and adversely impact HintMD’s relationship with its customers, damage its reputation and brand, and harm its business. In addition, any failure by the software provided by HintMD’s third party vendors may cause HintMD to fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations and could expose HintMD and Revance to regulatory, financial, or reputational risk. HintMD third-party partners may also suffer disruptions or weakness in their businesses, including those that require changes to their technological integration specifications or payment transaction risk management protocols, which could increase costs to HintMD to maintain compatibility, decrease sales or require HintMD to source new partners.
Identifying, negotiating and documenting relationships with strategic third parties requires significant time and resources. In addition, integrating third-party technology is complex, costly and time-consuming. HintMD’s agreements with these partners are typically limited in duration, non-exclusive and do not prohibit them from working with HintMD’s competitors or from offering competing services. HintMD’s competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services or to prevent or reduce use of the HintMD platform. In addition, HintMD partners could develop competing products or services.
If HintMD is unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining relationships with these strategic third parties, its ability to compete in the payments marketplace could be impaired, and as a result HintMD's business, operating results and financial condition may negatively be impacted, and we may not realize the benefits of the HintMD Acquisition.
Substantial and increasingly intense competition in the payment processing industry may harm the HintMD business. Further, HintMD is dependent on payment card networks and third-party payment processors, and any changes to their fee structures could harm HintMD's business.
HintMD operates in a highly competitive marketplace, which impacts the pricing HintMD may charge its customers for the processing of credit cards. There can be significant downward pricing pressure in order to remain competitive in the marketplace. HintMD's competitors may be able to offer similar or lower rates to its customers alongside a more comprehensive set of financial services products that allows them to offset a reduction in processing margins.
Additionally, HintMD's costs associated with the processing of credit cards are not directly under its control. HintMD's expenses related to the processing of credit cards include interchange fees, assessment fees, and other related costs payable to a third-party payment processor. From time to time, these fees have increased and may continue to do so in the future. An increase in the fee structure may adversely affect HintMD's margins and we may not realize the benefits of the HintMD Acquisition.
If the HintMD platform or its vendors’ networks or computer systems are breached or if the security of the personal information that HintMD collects, stores or processes through the HintMD platform (or that its vendors collect, store or process) is compromised or otherwise experiences unauthorized access, or HintMD fails to comply with commitments and assurances regarding the privacy and security of personal information on the HintMD platform, the HintMD platform may be perceived as insecure, and HintMD may lose existing users or fail to attract new users to the HintMD platform, and the Revance brand and reputation may be negatively impacted, and HintMD and Revance may incur significant liabilities.
Use of the HintMD platform involves the storage, transmission and processing of customers’ proprietary data, including personal or identifying information regarding their patients such as name, address and the types of treatments they are receiving. As a result, unauthorized access to, security breaches of, malicious code (such as viruses and worms), employee theft or misuse, or denial-of-service or other cyber-attacks against the HintMD platform could result in the unauthorized access to or use of, disclosure of, and/or loss of, such data, as well as loss of intellectual property or trade secrets.
If any unauthorized access to the HintMD platform systems or data or a security breach occurs or is believed to have occurred, HintMD's reputation and brand could be damaged, which could also reflect negatively on Revance's reputation and brand. HintMD could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such actual or perceived breaches or attacks and remediate its systems, and HintMD could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability, and our ability to operate the HintMD platform business may be impaired. HintMD
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may in the future experience denial-of-service or other cyber-attacks against the HintMD platform. If potential new users or existing users believe that the HintMD platform does not provide adequate security for the storage of personal information or confidential information or its transmission over the Internet, they may not adopt the HintMD platform or may choose not to renew their subscriptions to the HintMD platform, which could harm its business. Additionally, actual, potential or anticipated attacks may cause HintMD and Revance to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. Although we maintain cyber liability insurance, we cannot be certain that such insurance will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and our liability may be in excess of the limits of our insurance coverage.
HintMD has contractual and legal obligations to notify relevant stakeholders of security breaches. The HintMD platform operates in an industry that is prone to cyber-attacks. Failure to prevent or mitigate cyber-attacks could result in the unauthorized access to our data or the data of its customers. Most jurisdictions have enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals, regulatory authorities and others of security breaches involving certain types of data. In addition, HintMD's agreements with certain customers and partners may require HintMD to notify them in the event of a security breach. Such mandatory disclosures are costly, could lead to negative publicity, may cause HintMD customers to lose confidence in the effectiveness of HintMD's security measures and require HintMD to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to and/or alleviate problems caused by the actual or perceived security breach. A security breach may cause HintMD to breach HintMD customer contracts. HintMD's agreements with certain customers may require it to use industry-standard, reasonable measures or measures otherwise mandated by law to safeguard personal information or confidential information. A security breach could lead to claims by HintMD customers, their end-users, or other relevant stakeholders that HintMD has failed to comply with such legal or contractual obligations. HintMD also agreed contractually to comply with payment network regulations concerning security that, when violated, can result in fines payable by HintMD to payment networks. As a result, HintMD could be subject to legal action, fines, or its customers could end their relationships with the HintMD platform. There can be no assurance that the limitations of liability in HintMD's contracts would be enforceable or adequate or would otherwise protect HintMD from liabilities or damages.
Because data security is a critical competitive factor in the payments processing industry, there are statements in the HintMD platform privacy policies and terms of service, its certifications to privacy standards, and its marketing materials, describing the security of the HintMD platform, including descriptions of certain security measures it employs. Should any of these statements be untrue, become untrue, or be perceived to be untrue, even if through circumstances beyond HintMD's reasonable control, HintMD may face claims, including claims of unfair or deceptive trade practices brought by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, state, local regulators or private litigants.
Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and often are not identified until they are launched against a target, HintMD may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. HintMD may also experience security breaches that may remain undetected for extended periods of time. The recovery systems, security protocols, network protection mechanisms and other security measures that HintMD has integrated into the HintMD platform, systems, networks, and physical facilities, which are designed to protect against, detect and minimize security breaches, may not be adequate to prevent or detect service interruption, system failure, data access, data loss or other types of security breach. Third parties may also exploit vulnerabilities in, or obtain unauthorized access to, platforms, systems, networks and/or physical facilities used by HintMD vendors.
Litigation resulting from security breaches on the HintMD platform may adversely affect HintMD's business. Unauthorized access to the HintMD platform, systems, networks, or physical facilities could result in litigation with HintMD customers, HintMD customers’ end-users, or other relevant stakeholders. These proceedings could force HintMD to spend money in defense or settlement, divert management’s time and attention, increase HintMD's costs of doing business, or adversely affect the reputation of the HintMD platform. HintMD could be required to fundamentally change the business activities and practices of the HintMD platform or modify its products and/or platform capabilities in response to such litigation, which could have an adverse effect on HintMD's business. If a security breach were to occur, and the confidentiality, integrity or availability of HintMD data or the data of HintMD customers or its customers’ end-users was disrupted, HintMD could incur significant liability, or the HintMD platform, systems or networks may be perceived as less desirable, which could negatively affect HintMD's business and damage its reputation.
HintMD is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Revance, and all of the HintMD operations are conducted by Revance employees. As a result, any of the foregoing circumstances may expose Revance to legal liability, regulatory action, fines,
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damages and lawsuits, increased expenses, damage to its brand and reputation and may have a material adverse effect on Revance's business, financial results and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Human Capital Resources
As we evolve from a company primarily involved in research and development to a company involved in the commercialization of products, we will need to increase the size of our organization. If we are unable to maintain and expand sales, marketing, managerial and/or operational capabilities on our own or through third parties, we will be unable to successfully commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products or any other future product candidates, if approved, or generate product revenue.
In order to successfully commercialize our products, we need to expand our organization, including adding marketing, managerial, operational and sales capabilities, or contracting with third parties to provide these capabilities for us in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. In August 2020, we established an approximately 100-person field sales team in the third quarter and have limited marketing and sales capabilities for the commercialization of our product candidates. To commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any other future product candidates, if approved, and the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S., Europe and other jurisdictions we seek to enter, we must manage and further expand our marketing, sales, distribution, managerial, operational and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services, and we may not be successful in doing so. Effectively executing our growth strategy requires that we:
•identify recruit, train, integrate, incentivize and retain adequate numbers of effective sales and marketing personnel;
•generate sufficient sales leads, provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel and effectively manage a geographically dispersed sales and marketing team;
•achieve, maintain and grow market, physician, patient and healthcare payor acceptance of, and demand for our products;
•manage our clinical trials and manufacturing operations effectively;
•manage our internal development efforts effectively while carrying out our contractual obligations to Teoxane under the Teoxane Agreement and to other third parties;
•successfully integrate HintMD and realize the benefits expected from the HintMD Acquisition; and
•continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures.
We expect to market DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, and the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers through our sales force in North America, and in Europe and other countries through either our own sales force or a combination of our internal sales force and distributors or partners, and establishing these channels may be expensive and time consuming. While we believe we are creating an efficient commercial organization, we may not be able to correctly judge the size and experience of the sales and marketing force and the scale of distribution necessary to be successful. We may choose to collaborate with third parties that have direct sales forces and established distribution systems, either to augment our own sales force and distribution systems or in lieu of our own sales force and distribution systems. If we are unable to enter into such arrangements on acceptable terms or at all, we may not be able to successfully commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if approved, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates. Establishing and maintaining sales, marketing, and distribution capabilities are expensive and time-consuming. Such expenses may be disproportionate compared to the revenues we may be able to generate on sales of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, and the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, which could cause our commercialization efforts to be unprofitable or less profitable than expected.
We have limited prior experience in the marketing, sale and distribution of pharmaceutical products and there are significant risks involved in building and managing a sales organization, including our ability to hire, retain and incentivize
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qualified individuals, generate sufficient sales leads, provide adequate training to sales and marketing personnel and effectively manage a geographically dispersed sales and marketing team. For example, we have and may continue to experience challenges associated with recruiting field representatives virtually through remote, group interviewing platforms and with onboarding new field representatives during such times as the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates our work from home policy. Any failure to maintain adequate internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities would adversely impact the commercialization of our products and may result in a breach of our obligations to Teoxane under the Teoxane Agreement. We also have to compete with other pharmaceutical and life sciences companies to recruit, hire, train and retain sales and marketing personnel, and turnover in our sales force and marketing personnel could negatively affect the commercialization of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if it receives regulatory approval, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. We may not be able to attract and retain quality personnel on acceptable terms, or at all. In addition, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that they have been improperly solicited or that they have divulged proprietary or other confidential information, or that their former employers own their previous research output.
As our operations expand, we expect that we will also need to manage additional relationships with various collaborative partners, suppliers and other third parties. Future growth will impose significant added responsibilities on our organization, in particular on management. Our future financial performance and our ability to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if approved, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to manage any future growth effectively. Due to our limited financial resources and our limited experience in managing a company with such anticipated growth, we may not be able to effectively manage the expansion of our operations or recruit and train additional qualified personnel. The physical expansion of our operations may lead to significant costs and may divert our management and business development resources. Any inability to manage growth could delay the execution of our development and strategic objectives, or disrupt our operations.
If we fail to attract and keep senior management, we may be unable to successfully develop DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates, conduct our clinical trials and commercialize the RHA® Pipeline Products, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future products we develop, or grow revenue from the HintMD platform.
Our success depends in part on our continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified management, clinical, scientific, technical and sales personnel. We believe that our future success is highly dependent upon the contributions of our senior management, particularly Mark J. Foley, our President and Chief Executive Officer, Abhay Joshi, Ph.D., our Chief Operating Officer, President of R&D and Product Operations, Tobin C. Schilke, our Chief Financial Officer, Dustin Sjuts, our Chief Commercial Officer, Aesthetics & Therapeutics, and Aubrey Rankin, our President of Innovation and Technology, as well as our senior scientists and other members of our senior management team. The loss of services of any of these individuals could delay or prevent the successful development of our product pipeline, the completion of our planned clinical trials, the commercialization of the RHA® Pipeline Products, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future products we develop, or our ability to increase adoption of the HintMD platform.
Leadership transitions can be inherently difficult to manage. Resignations of executive officers may cause disruption in our business, strategic and employee relationships, which may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. Leadership changes may also increase the likelihood of turnover in other key officers and employees and may cause declines in the productivity of existing employees. The search for a replacement officer may take many months or more, further exacerbating these factors. Identifying and hiring an experienced and qualified executive officer are typically difficult. Periods of transition in senior management leadership are often difficult as the new executives gain detailed knowledge of our operations and may result in cultural differences and friction due to changes in strategy and style. During the transition periods, there may be uncertainty among investors, employees, creditors and others concerning our future direction and performance.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
If Teoxane fails to obtain and maintain patent, licensing arrangements or other protection for the proprietary intellectual property that we have exclusive distribution rights to, we could lose our rights related to the RHA®
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Collection of dermal fillers, which would have a material adverse effect on our potential to generate revenue, our business prospects, and our results of operations.
If Teoxane fails to obtain and maintain patent, licensing arrangements or other protection for the proprietary intellectual property that we have exclusive distribution rights to, we could lose our rights to the intellectual property or our exclusivity with respect to those rights, and our competitors could market competing products using the intellectual property. The intellectual property underlying the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers is of critical importance to our business and involves complex legal, business and scientific issues and is complicated by the rapid pace of scientific discovery in our industry. Disputes may arise regarding intellectual property subject to the Teoxane Agreement, including:
•the scope of rights granted under the Teoxane Agreement and other interpretation-related issues;
•the extent to which our technology and processes infringe on intellectual property of Teoxane that is not subject to the Teoxane Agreement;
•the sublicensing of patent and other rights under our collaborative development relationships; and
•the ownership of inventions and know-how resulting from the development of intellectual property under the Teoxane Agreement.
If disputes over intellectual property that we have licensed prevent or impair our ability to maintain our current licensing arrangements on acceptable terms, we may be unable to successfully develop and commercialize the affected products or product candidates.
If our efforts to protect our intellectual property related to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers or any future product candidates, including an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, are not adequate, we may not be able to compete effectively.
We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect the intellectual property related to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, our onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, and our development programs. Any disclosure to or misappropriation by third parties of our confidential proprietary information could enable competitors to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements, thereby eroding our competitive position.
The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be uncertain. This uncertainty includes changes to the patent laws through either legislative action to change statutory patent law or court action that may reinterpret existing law in ways affecting the scope or validity of issued patents. The patent applications that we own or license may fail to result in issued patents in the U.S. or foreign countries. Competitors and academic scientists in the field of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and neuromodulators have created a substantial amount of prior art, including scientific publications, patents and patent applications. Our ability to obtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to be patentable over the prior art. Even if the patents do successfully issue, third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability or scope of such issued patents or any other issued patents we own or license, which may result in such patents being narrowed, invalidated or held unenforceable. For example, patents granted by the European Patent Office may be opposed by any person within nine months from the publication of their grant. Our European Patent EP 2 661 276 for “Topical composition comprising botulinum toxin and a dye” was opposed in the European Patent Office by Allergan plc on May 2, 2018, and although this patent is not material to our business, we continue to take appropriate measures to defend the patent, including an appeal of a decision to revoke the patent, which decision is suspended in view of the appeal. On May 2, 2019 our European Patent No. EP 2 490 986 B1 for “Methods and Systems For Purifying Non-Complexed Botulinum Neurotoxin” was opposed. We are vigorously defending this patent in the European Patent Office. We were informed in May 2019 that our patent application NC2018/0005351 pending in Colombia for “Injectable Botulinum Toxin Formulations And Methods of Use Thereof Having Long Duration of Therapeutic Effect” was opposed. We have responded to this pre-grant opposition. Furthermore, even if our patents and applications are unchallenged, they may not adequately protect our intellectual property or prevent others from designing around our claims.
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In addition, the patent laws of the U.S. provide procedures for third parties to challenge the validity of issued patents. Patents issued from applications filed after March 15, 2013 may be challenged by third parties using the post-grant review procedure which allows challenges for a number of reasons, including prior art, sufficiency of disclosure, and subject matter eligibility. Under the inter partes review procedure, any third party may challenge the validity of any issued U.S. Patent in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) on the basis of prior art patents or printed publications. Because of a lower evidentiary standard necessary to invalidate a patent claim in USPTO proceedings as compared to the evidentiary standard relied on in U.S. federal court, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidence would be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures to invalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action. If the breadth or strength of protection provided by the patents and patent applications we hold or pursue with respect to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates is challenged, then it could threaten our ability to commercialize DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar or any future product candidates, and could threaten our ability to prevent competitive products from being marketed. Further, if we encounter delays in our clinical trials, the period of time during which we could market DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or any future product candidates under patent protection would be reduced.
Since patent applications in the U.S. and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot be certain that we were the first to either (i) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (ii) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents or patent applications. Furthermore, for applications filed before March 16, 2013, or patents issuing from such applications, an interference proceeding can be provoked by a third party, or instituted by the USPTO to determine who was the first to invent any of the subject matter covered by the patent claims of our applications and patents. As of March 16, 2013, the U.S. transitioned to a “first-to-file” system for deciding which party should be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patent application in the USPTO before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before it was made by the third party. The change to “first-to-file” from “first-to-invent” is one of the changes to the patent laws of the United States resulting from the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act signed into law on September 16, 2011. Among some of the other changes to the patent laws are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providing opportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO.
Even where laws provide protection, costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and the outcome of such litigation would be uncertain. Moreover, any actions we may bring to enforce our intellectual property against our competitors could provoke them to bring counterclaims against us, and some of our competitors have substantially greater intellectual property portfolios and financial resources than we have.
We also rely on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that may not be patentable, processes for which patents may be difficult to obtain or enforce and any other elements of our product development and manufacturing processes that involve proprietary know-how, information or technology that is not covered by patents.
In an effort to protect our trade secrets and other confidential information, we require our employees, consultants, collaborators and advisers to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of their relationships with us. These agreements require that all confidential information developed by the individual or made known to the individual by us during the course of the individual’s relationship with us be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties. These agreements, however, may not provide us with adequate protection against improper use or disclosure of confidential information, and these agreements may be breached. Adequate remedies may not exist in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information. A breach of confidentiality could significantly affect our competitive position. In addition, in some situations, these agreements may conflict with, or be subject to, the rights of third parties with whom our employees, consultants, collaborators or advisers have previous employment or consulting relationships. To the extent that our employees, consultants or contractors use any intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in any related or resulting know-how and inventions. Also, others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets and other confidential information.
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If we infringe or are alleged to infringe intellectual property rights of third parties, our business could be harmed.
Our research, development and commercialization activities may infringe or otherwise violate or be claimed to infringe or otherwise violate patents owned or controlled by other parties. Competitors in the field of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and neuromodulators have developed large portfolios of patents and patent applications in fields relating to our business. For example, there are patents held by third parties that relate to the treatment with neuromodulator products for indications we are currently developing. There may also be patent applications that have been filed but not published that, when issued as patents, could be asserted against us. These third parties could bring claims against us that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if successful against us, could cause us to pay substantial damages and/or we could be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the subject of the suit. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against us, during the pendency of the litigation, we could be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the subject of the suit.
As a result of patent infringement claims, or to avoid potential claims, we may choose or be required to seek licenses from third parties. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we are able to obtain a license, the license would likely obligate us to pay license fees or royalties or both, and the rights granted to us might be nonexclusive, which could result in our competitors gaining access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we could be prevented from commercializing a product based on our current or future indications, or be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations, if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms.
There has been substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to infringement claims against us, we may become a party to other patent litigation and other proceedings, including interference, derivation or post-grant proceedings declared or granted by the USPTO and similar proceedings in foreign countries, regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our current or future products. The cost to us of any patent litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Patent litigation and other proceedings may also absorb significant management time. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could impair our ability to compete in the marketplace. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may become involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other intellectual property or the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive and time-consuming.
Competitors may infringe upon our intellectual property, including our patents or the patents of our licensors. As a result, we may be required to file infringement claims to stop third-party infringement or unauthorized use of our own or licensed intellectual property. This can be expensive, particularly for a company of our size, and time-consuming. In addition, in an infringement proceeding, a court may decide that a patent of ours is not valid or is unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the technology at issue on the grounds that our patent claims do not cover its technology or that the factors necessary to grant an injunction against an infringer are not satisfied.
An adverse determination of any litigation or other proceeding could put one or more of our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing.
Interference, derivation, inter partes review, post-grant review or other proceedings brought at the USPTO may be necessary to determine the priority or patentability of inventions with respect to our patents or patent applications or those of our licensors or collaborators. Litigation or USPTO proceedings brought by us may fail or may be invoked against us by third parties. Even if we are successful, domestic or foreign litigation or USPTO or foreign patent office proceedings may result in substantial costs and distraction to our management. We may not be able, either alone or with our licensors or collaborators, to prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect such rights as fully as in the U.S.
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Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation or other proceedings, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation or proceeding. In addition, during the course of this kind of litigation or proceeding, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments or public access to related documents. If investors perceive these results to be negative, the market price for our common stock could be significantly harmed.
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights throughout the world.
Filing, prosecuting and defending patents on product candidates in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and our intellectual property rights in some countries outside the U.S. can be less extensive than those in the U.S. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the U.S. and in some cases may even force us to grant a compulsory license to competitors or other third parties. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third parties from practicing our inventions in all countries outside the U.S., or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in and into the U.S. or other jurisdictions. Competitors may use our technologies to develop their own products in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection and further, may export otherwise infringing products to territories where we have patent protection, but where enforcement is not as strong as that in the U.S. These products may compete with our products and our patents or other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing.
Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. The legal systems of certain countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor the enforcement of patents and other intellectual property protection, particularly those relating to biotechnology, which could make it difficult for us to stop the infringement of our patents or marketing of competing products in violation of our proprietary rights generally. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing and could provoke third parties to assert claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license.
In addition, our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be adversely affected by unforeseen changes in domestic and foreign intellectual property laws.
Use of “open source” software for the HintMD platform could adversely affect HintMD's ability to provide the HintMD platform and subject HintMD and Revance to possible claims.
The HintMD platform incorporates open source software and we expect to continue to use open source software in the future. HintMD and Revance may face claims from others claiming ownership of open source software, or seeking to enforce the terms of, an open source license, including by demanding release of the open source software or derivative works thereof, or of HintMD's proprietary source code associated with such open source software. These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change the HintMD platform, any of which would have a negative effect on HintMD's and Revance's business and operating results. In addition, if the license terms for the open source software HintMD utilizes change, HintMD and Revance may be forced to reengineer the HintMD platform or incur additional costs. Although we have implemented policies to regulate the use and incorporation of open source software into the HintMD platform, we cannot be certain that we have not incorporated open source software in the HintMD platform in a manner that is inconsistent with such policies.
Any failure to protect intellectual property rights associated with the HintMD platform could impair our ability to protect HintMD's proprietary technology and the HintMD brand.
HintMD currently has four issued patents and two pending patent applications. However, there is no guarantee that the pending patent applications will result in issued patents, or that the issued patents will ultimately be determined to be valid and enforceable. HintMD also has one registered trademark in the United States and one pending trademark in Canada. We primarily rely on copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, trade secret protection and confidentiality or other
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protective agreements with our employees, customers, partners and others to protect HintMD's intellectual property rights. However, the steps we take to protect HintMD intellectual property rights may be inadequate to prevent others from competing with the HintMD platform.
To protect HintMD’s intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor, protect and enforce these rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce HintMD’s intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management, and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of HintMD’s intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce the HintMD intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of the HintMD intellectual property rights. Our failure to secure, protect and enforce the HintMD intellectual property rights could adversely affect the HintMD brand and adversely affect our business.
Risks Related to Government and Industry Regulation
Our business and products are subject to extensive government regulation.
We are subject to extensive, complex, costly and evolving regulation by federal and state governmental authorities in the U.S., principally by the FDA, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, the CDC, and foreign regulatory authorities. Failure to comply with all applicable regulatory requirements, including those promulgated under FDCA, the Public Health Service Act, and Controlled Substances Act, may subject us to operating restrictions and criminal prosecution, monetary penalties and other disciplinary actions, including, sanctions, warning letters, product seizures, recalls, fines, injunctions, suspension, revocation of approvals, or exclusion from future participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
After our other products receive regulatory approval, we, and our direct and indirect suppliers, will remain subject to the periodic inspection of our plants and facilities, review of production processes, and testing of our products to confirm that we are in compliance with all applicable regulations. Adverse findings during regulatory inspections may result in the implementation of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies programs, completion of government mandated clinical trials, and government enforcement action relating to labeling, advertising, marketing and promotion, as well as regulations governing manufacturing controls noted above.
Even if we receive regulatory approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any future product candidates, we will be subject to ongoing regulatory obligations and continued regulatory review, which may result in significant additional expense, may limit or delay regulatory approval and may subject us to penalties if we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements.
Once regulatory approval has been granted, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any approved product will be subject to continual regulatory review by the FDA and/or non-U.S. regulatory authorities. Additionally, any product candidates, if approved, will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements, including labeling and other restrictions and market withdrawal and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with regulatory requirements or experience unanticipated problems with our products.
Any regulatory approvals that we or our collaborators receive for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, RHA® 1 dermal filler or any future product candidates may also be subject to limitations on the approved indications for which the product may be marketed or to the conditions of approval, or contain requirements for potentially costly post-marketing testing, including Phase 4 clinical trials, and surveillance to monitor the safety and efficacy of the product candidate. In addition, if the applicable regulatory agency approves DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, RHA® 1 dermal filler or any future product candidates, the manufacturing processes, labeling, packaging, distribution, adverse event reporting, storage, advertising, promotion and recordkeeping for the product will be subject to extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements. These requirements include submissions of safety and other post-marketing information and reports, registration, as well as continued compliance with cGMP and GCPs for any clinical trials conducted post-approval. The RHA® Collection of dermal fillers are currently subject to such extensive and ongoing regulatory requirements, reports, registration and continued compliance. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers or any future product candidates, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with our third-party manufacturers or manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other things:
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•restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of the product, withdrawal of the product from the market, or voluntary or mandatory product recalls;
•fines, warning letters or holds on clinical trials;
•refusal by the FDA to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications submitted by us or our strategic collaborators, or suspension or revocation of product license approvals;
•product seizure or detention, or refusal to permit the import or export of products; and
•injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.
Our ongoing regulatory requirements may also change from time to time, potentially harming or making costlier our commercialization efforts. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action, either in the U.S. or other countries. If we are slow or unable to adapt to changes in existing requirements or the adoption of new requirements or policies, or if we are not able to maintain regulatory compliance, we may lose any marketing approval that we may have obtained and we may not achieve or sustain profitability, which would adversely affect our business.
If we fail to obtain regulatory approvals in foreign jurisdictions for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or any future product candidates including an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, we will be unable to market our products outside of the U.S.
In addition to regulations in the U.S., we will be subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing manufacturing, clinical trials, commercial sales and distribution of our future products. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product candidate, we must obtain approval of the product by the comparable regulatory authorities of foreign countries before commencing clinical trials or marketing in those countries. The approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional clinical testing, or the time required to obtain approval may differ from that required to obtain FDA approval. Clinical trials conducted in one country may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries. Approval by the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one or more foreign regulatory authorities does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries or by the FDA. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval. We may not be able to file for regulatory approvals or to do so on a timely basis, and even if we do file, we may not receive the necessary approvals to commercialize our products in geographies outside of the U.S.
Further, interruption or delays in the operations of applicable foreign regulatory agencies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may affect the review and approval timelines of such agencies for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, RHA® 1 or any future hyaluronic acid filler products developed pursuant to the Teoxane Agreement or any future product candidates.
The RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, and, if approved, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any other products, may cause or contribute to adverse medical events that we are required to report to regulatory agencies and if we fail to do so, we could be subject to sanctions that would materially harm our business.
As we commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, and if we are successful in commercializing DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or any other products, including an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, the FDA and foreign regulatory agency regulations require that we report certain information about adverse medical events if those products may have caused or contributed to those adverse events. The timing of our obligation to report would be triggered by the date we become aware of the adverse event as well as the nature of the event. We may fail to report adverse events we become aware of within the prescribed timeframe. We may also fail to appreciate that we have become aware of a reportable adverse event, especially if it is not reported to us as an adverse event or if it is an adverse event that is unexpected or removed in time from the use of our products. If we fail to comply with our reporting obligations, the FDA or a foreign regulatory agency could take action including criminal prosecution, the imposition of civil monetary penalties, seizure of our products, or delay in approval or clearance of future products.
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The HintMD platform is subject to stringent and changing privacy laws, regulations, standards and contractual obligations related to data privacy and security. Because the HintMD platform can be used to collect and store personal information, domestic privacy and data security concerns could result in HintMD and Revance incurring additional costs and liabilities or inhibit sales of the HintMD platform.
Practices use the HintMD platform to process personal information, including personal information that could be considered “sensitive”, regarding patients, which processing is subject to U.S. federal and state privacy laws and breach notification laws. The costs of compliance with these privacy laws and breach notification laws, as well as the associated burdens imposed by such laws, may limit the use or adoption of the HintMD platform, lead to significant fines, penalties or liabilities related to noncompliance, or slow the pace at which we close sales of the HintMD platform, any of which could harm HintMD's and Revance's business. See "If the HintMD platform or its vendors’ networks or computer systems are breached or if the security of the personal information that HintMD collects, stores or processes through the HintMD platform (or that its vendors collect, store or process) is compromised or otherwise experiences unauthorized access, or HintMD fails to comply with commitments and assurances regarding the privacy and security of personal information on the HintMD platform, the HintMD platform may be perceived as insecure, and HintMD may lose existing users or fail to attract new users to the HintMD platform, and the Revance brand and reputation may be negatively impacted, and HintMD and Revance may incur significant liabilities."
Any failure by HintMD vendors to comply with the terms of HintMD's contractual provisions or the applicable privacy or breach notification laws or where applicable the PCI DSS could result in proceedings against HintMD and Revance by governmental entities or others.
We also expect that there will continue to be new federal and state privacy laws passed that directly impact the HintMD platform, and we may not be able to predict the full impact that such future laws may have on our business. For instance, if our privacy and data policies and practices with respect to the HintMD platform, are, or are perceived to be, insufficient to demonstrate compliance with existing or new privacy laws, our risk and cost of operation could increase and user demand for the HintMD platform could decline, and our business could be harmed.
The HintMD platform may in certain circumstances, process information that could be defined by HIPAA as “protected health information” (also called “PHI”) and thus such processing may be subject to HIPAA. Additionally, certain states have adopted health information privacy laws and regulations related to the processing of PHI and comparable to HIPAA, some of which may be more stringent than HIPAA. Generally, HIPAA and state health information privacy laws require entities directly regulated by the law and regulations (HIPAA calls these entities “covered entities”, and their service providers and subcontractors “business associates”) to develop and maintain certain administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect PHI and ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic PHI. In the event of an unauthorized use or disclosure of PHI, the reporting requirements could include notification to affected individuals, state and federal governmental agencies, and in certain instances the media. Depending on the facts and circumstances we could be subject to significant civil and administrative penalties, and in rare circumstances, criminal penalties, if we obtain, use, or disclose PHI through the HintMD platform in a manner that is not authorized or permitted by HIPAA or state health information privacy laws. Further, if we are not able to meet our obligations under HIPAA and/or applicable state health information privacy laws relating to the HintMD platform, HintMD could be found to have breached its contractual obligations with its customers. Maintaining compliance with applicable privacy laws and our contractual obligations is a complex undertaking, and we cannot be certain how these health information privacy laws will be interpreted, enforced or applied to our operations.
Additionally, the HintMD platform processes a significant portion of its payments through credit or debit cards and enables users of its payments platform to engage in payments through its service. HintMD, and as a result, Revance operations related to the HintMD platform, are contractually required to maintain compliance with current PCI DSS as part of our information security program and to undergo periodic PCI DSS audits undertaken by third party auditors (“PCI Audits”). We also may be bound by additional, more stringent contractual obligations relating to our collection, use and disclosure of personal, financial and other data. If we cannot comply with or if we incur a violation of any of these standards or contractual requirements, or if we have findings resulting from a PCI Audit and we fail to undertake timely corrective action, we could incur significant liability through fines and penalties imposed by credit card associations or other organizations or litigation with relevant stakeholders, either of which could have an adverse effect on the reputation, business, financial condition and operating results of HintMD and Revance. In addition, failure to comply with the PCI DSS obligations or HintMD's
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contractual obligations, including timely and sufficient mitigation of any findings from a PCI Audit, could also result in the termination of HintMD’s status as a registered PayFac, thereby dramatically impairing HintMD's ability to continue doing business in the payments industry, or HintMD could be liable to the payment card issuing banks for their costs of issuing new cards and related expenses.
We may find it necessary to change our business practices or expend significant resources to modify the HintMD software or platform to adapt to audit findings, new laws, regulations and industry standards concerning these matters. We may be unable to make such changes and modifications in a commercially reasonable manner or at all. Any failure to comply with federal, state or local laws and regulations, industry standards or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected security incident, may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines, penalties or adverse publicity for HintMD and Revance and could cause users of the HintMD platform, patients undergoing Revance's clinical trials or customers of Revance to lose trust in HintMD and Revance, which could have an adverse effect on the reputation and business of HintMD and Revance.
We may in the future be subject to various U.S. federal and state laws pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback, self-referral, false claims and fraud laws, and any violations by us of such laws could result in fines or other penalties.
While we do not expect that DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved for the treatment of glabellar lines, or the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to subject us to all of the various U.S. federal and state laws intended to prevent healthcare fraud and abuse, we may be subject to, or in the future become subject to, additional laws in connection with the use of these products for treatment of therapeutic indications or any future product candidates. The federal anti-kickback statute prohibits the offer, receipt, or payment of remuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients or the use of products or services that would be paid for in whole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash, improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. Additionally, the intent standard under the federal Anti-Kickback Statute was amended by the ACA to a stricter standard such that a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation. Further, the ACA codified case law that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act (“FCA”). Many states have similar laws that apply to their state healthcare programs as well as private payors.
The federal false claims and civil monetary penalties laws, including the FCA impose liability on persons who, among other things, present or cause to be presented false or fraudulent claims for payment by a federal healthcare program. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons submitting claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, for services not provided as claimed, or for services that are not medically necessary. The FCA includes a whistleblower provision that allows individuals to bring actions on behalf of the federal government and share a portion of the recovery of successful claims.
HIPAA imposes criminal and civil liability for, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, or knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false statement, in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the U.S. federal Anti-Kickback Statute, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.
HIPAA also imposes, among other things, certain standards and obligations on covered entities including certain healthcare providers, health plans and healthcare clearinghouses, as well as their respective business associates and subcontractors that create, receive, maintain, or transmit individually identifiable health information for or on behalf of a covered entity relating to the privacy, security, transmission and breach reporting of individually identifiable health information.
The federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act, and its implementing regulations, require certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies that are reimbursable under Medicare, Medicaid, or the Children’s Health Insurance Program to report annually to CMS information related to certain payments and other transfers of value to physicians (defined to include doctors, dentists, optometrists, podiatrists and chiropractors), teaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by the physicians described above and their immediate family members. Beginning in 2022, covered manufacturers will also be required to report annually regarding payments and other transfers of value
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provided in the previous year to certain other healthcare professionals, including physician assistants, nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, anesthesiologist assistants, certified nurse anesthetists, and certified nurse-midwives and report ownership or investment interests held by such healthcare professionals and their immediate family members.
We may also be subject to analogous state laws and regulations, including: state anti-kickback and false claims laws, state laws that require pharmaceutical companies to comply with the pharmaceutical industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the relevant compliance guidance promulgated by the U.S. federal government, or otherwise restrict payments that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources, state laws and regulations that require drug manufacturers to file reports relating to pricing and marketing information, which requires tracking gifts and other remuneration and items of value provided to healthcare professionals and entities, and state and local laws that require the registration of our pharmaceutical sales representatives.
State and federal authorities have aggressively targeted pharmaceutical manufacturers for alleged violations of these anti-fraud statutes for a range of activities, such as those based on improper research or consulting contracts with physicians and other healthcare professionals, certain marketing arrangements that rely on volume-based pricing, off-label marketing schemes, and other improper promotional practices. Companies targeted in such prosecutions have paid substantial fines in the hundreds of millions of dollars or more, have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and have often become subject to consent decrees severely restricting the manner in which they conduct business. Further, defending against any such actions can be costly, time-consuming and may require significant financial and personnel resources. If we become the target of such an investigation or prosecution based on our activities such as contractual relationships with providers or institutions, or our marketing and promotional practices, including any HintMD rewards programs, we could be subject to significant civil, criminal, and administrative sanctions, damages, disgorgement, monetary fines, possible exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid, and other federal healthcare programs, imprisonment, additional reporting requirements, and/or oversight if we become subject to a corporate integrity agreement or similar agreement to resolve allegations of non-compliance with these laws, contractual damages, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. Even if we are successful in defending against any such actions that may be brought against us, our business may be impaired.
Also, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures will protect us from reckless or negligent acts committed by our employees, future distributors, partners, collaborators or agents. Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could result in fines, penalties or prosecution and have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and reputation.
Legislative or regulatory healthcare reforms in the U.S. may make it more difficult and costly for us to obtain regulatory clearance or approval of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, topical, or any future product candidates and to produce, market, and distribute the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if clearance or approval is obtained, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection and our other products.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the regulatory clearance or approval, manufacture, and marketing of regulated products or the reimbursement thereof. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the FDA in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. For example, the ACA was passed in March 2010, and substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers, and continues to significantly impact the U.S. biotechnology industry. There remain judicial and Congressional challenges to certain aspects of the ACA, as well as efforts by the former U.S. presidential administration to repeal or replace certain aspects of the ACA. Since January 2017, the former U.S. presidential administration signed two Executive Orders and other directives designed to delay the implementation of certain provisions of the ACA. Concurrently, Congress has considered legislation that would repeal or repeal and replace all or part of the ACA. While Congress has not passed comprehensive repeal legislation, it has enacted laws that modify certain provisions of the ACA such as removing penalties, starting January 1, 2019, for not complying with the ACA’s individual mandate to carry health insurance. On December 14, 2018, a Texas U.S. District Court Judge ruled that the ACA is unconstitutional in its entirety because the “individual mandate” was repealed by Congress as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, on December 18, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit upheld the District
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Court ruling that the individual mandate was unconstitutional and remanded the case back to the District Court to determine whether the remaining provisions of the ACA are invalid as well. The Supreme Court of the United States granted certiorari on March 2, 2020, and heard oral arguments on the case on November 10, 2020, and the case is expected to be decided sometime in 2021. Pending review, the ACA remains in effect, but it is unclear how this decision, future decisions, subsequent appeals, and other efforts to repeal and replace the ACA will impact the ACA and our business.
In addition, there have been several recent U.S. congressional inquiries and proposed and enacted state and federal legislation designed to, among other things, bring more transparency to drug pricing, review the relationship between pricing and manufacturer patient programs, reduce the costs of drugs under Medicare and reform government program reimbursement methodologies for drug products. At the federal level, the Trump administration’s budget proposal for fiscal year 2020 contained further drug price control measures that could be enacted during the budget process or in other future legislation, including, for example, measures to permit Medicare Part D plans to negotiate the price of certain drugs under Medicare Part B, to allow some states to negotiate drug prices under Medicaid, and to eliminate cost sharing for generic drugs for low-income patients. Further, the Trump administration released a “Blueprint” to lower drug prices and reduce out of pocket costs of drugs that contains additional proposals to increase drug manufacturer competition, increase the negotiating power of certain federal healthcare programs, incentivize manufacturers to lower the list price of their products, and reduce the out of pocket costs of drug products paid by consumers. Additionally, on July 24, 2020 and September 13, 2020, the Trump administration announced several executive orders related to prescription drug pricing that seek to implement several of the administration’s proposals, which have resulted in additional regulations from the FDA, CMS and the Department of Health and Human Services. For example, in November 2020, CMS issued an interim final rule implementing the Most Favored Nation, or MFN, Model under which Medicare Part B reimbursement rates will be calculated for certain drugs and biologicals based on the lowest price drug manufacturers receive in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries with a similar gross domestic product per capita. This interim final rule is subject to challenge. The likelihood of implementation of any of the other former U.S. presidential administration's reform initiatives is uncertain, particularly in light of the new Biden administration. At the state level, legislatures have increasingly passed legislation and implemented regulations designed to control pharmaceutical and biological product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures, and, in some cases, designed to encourage importation from other countries and bulk purchasing. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs or lengthen review times of, or affect the price that we may charge for, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or any future product candidates including an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar. Any new regulations or revisions or reinterpretations of existing regulations may impose additional costs on our commercialization efforts for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. We cannot determine what effect changes in regulations, statutes, legal interpretation or policies, when and if promulgated, enacted or adopted may have on our business in the future. Such changes could require, among other things:
•changes to manufacturing methods;
•recall, replacement, or discontinuance of one or more of our products; and
•additional recordkeeping.
Each of these would likely entail substantial time and cost and could materially harm our business and our financial results. In addition, delays in receipt of or failure to receive regulatory clearances or approvals for any future products would harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our failure to maintain licenses and other authorizations to enable use to act as a distributor of Teoxane’s RHA® dermal fillers or comply with such licensing requirements could result in fines or other penalties.
As the distributor of Teoxane’s RHA® dermal fillers, we will be required to maintain certain licenses, registrations, permits, authorizations, approvals or other types of state and local permissions in order to comply with various regulations regarding the distribution of medical devices, and must cooperate with Teoxane in the event of any medical device reports (adverse events) or product recalls. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements may take many months, and may require the expenditure of substantial resources. Failure to comply with such regulatory requirements can result in enforcement actions, including the revocation or suspension of licenses, registrations or accreditations, and can also subject us to plans of correction, monitoring, civil monetary penalties, civil injunctive relief and/or criminal penalties. Failure to obtain state
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regulatory approval will also prevent distribution of products where such approval is necessary and will limit our ability to generate revenue. As we have no prior experience in the distribution of medical devices, it will take time and expense to build the necessary compliance infrastructure to support these activities.
Changes in funding for the FDA, the SEC and other government agencies could hinder their ability to hire and retain key leadership and other personnel, prevent new products and services from being developed or commercialized in a timely manner or otherwise prevent those agencies from performing normal functions on which the operation of our business may rely, which could negatively impact our business.
The ability of the FDA to review and approve new products can be affected by a variety of factors, including government budget and funding levels, ability to hire and retain key personnel and accept payment of user fees, and statutory, regulatory, and policy changes. Average review times at the agency have fluctuated in recent years as a result. In addition, government funding of the SEC and other government agencies on which our operations may rely, including those that fund research and development activities is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable.
The HintMD platform is subject to extensive regulation and industry compliance requirements associated with operating as a PayFac, and its failure to comply with such regulation and requirements could negatively impact the business of HintMD and Revance.
The financial services offered by HintMD as a PayFac are subject to legal, regulatory, and card brand requirements, including those regarding anti-money laundering, sanctions, fraud, and consumer financial protection. All HintMD operations are conducted by certain Revance employees, and, as a result, those employees and the operations of Revance as it relates to the HintMD platform will be subject to these regulations and requirements. Noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations could result in: civil or criminal penalties that could increase our expenses and adversely impact our business operations; the termination of HintMD’s key supplier agreements, such as its Payment Facilitator Agreement; assessment of significant fines or monetary penalties; damage to HintMD’s and Revance's brand and reputation; loss of HintMD customers, and poor financial performance for Revance. In addition, changes in applicable laws and regulations or changes in interpretations and enforcement practices may in turn require increased operating costs or capital expenditures to implement operational changes. Unforeseen regulatory changes may also limit HintMD’s ability to offer certain products or services, or impact the competitiveness of products or services it offers. If HintMD is no longer able to offer the full suite of its services or expand its services to appeal to a larger consumer base, the HintMD brand and reputation may be harmed, customer retention and procurement may be negatively impacted, Revance may have to alter its commercialization strategy and Revance may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the HintMD Acquisition.
Risks Related to Our 2027 Notes
Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.
Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or refinance our indebtedness, including the 2027 Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control, including global macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.
We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the 2027 Notes in cash or to repurchase the 2027 Notes upon a fundamental change, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the 2027 Notes.
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Holders of the 2027 Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their 2027 Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture for the 2027 Notes) at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the 2027 Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the 2027 Notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of the 2027 Notes surrendered therefor or notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the 2027 Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the 2027 Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase the 2027 Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture or to pay any cash payable on future conversions of the 2027 Notes as required by the indenture would constitute a default under the indenture. A default under the indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the 2027 Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof.
The conditional conversion feature of the 2027 Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In the event the conditional conversion feature of the 2027 Notes is triggered, holders of 2027 Notes will be entitled to convert the 2027 Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their 2027 Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their 2027 Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the 2027 Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.
Conversion of the 2027 Notes may dilute the ownership interest of our stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.
The conversion of some or all of the 2027 Notes may dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders. Upon conversion of the 2027 Notes, we have the option to pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. If we elect to settle our conversion obligation in shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, any sales in the public market of our common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the 2027 Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the 2027 Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the 2027 Notes into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.
General Risk Factors
The trading price of our common stock is volatile, and purchasers of our common stock could incur substantial losses.
The trading price of our common stock is highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. The stock markets in general and the markets for pharmaceutical biopharmaceutical and biotechnology stocks in particular have experienced extreme volatility that may have been for reasons that are related or unrelated to the operating performance of the issuer. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:
•regulatory or legal developments in the U.S. and foreign countries;
•our success or lack of success in commercializing the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers;
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•results from or delays in clinical trials of our product candidates, including our ongoing ASPEN Phase 3 clinical program in cervical dystonia and our Phase 2 program in adult upper limb spasticity with DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection;
•announcements of regulatory approval or disapproval or delays in regulatory approval of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products or any future product candidates;
•FDA or other U.S. or foreign regulatory actions or guidance affecting us or our industry, including travel restrictions in place at the FDA as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•introductions and announcements of new products by us, any commercialization partners or our competitors, and the timing of these introductions and announcements;
•our ability to increase market acceptance and adoption of and generate revenue from the HintMD platform;
•the impact on us and our future product offering, including the potential impact on our operating margin from the HintMD Acquisition;
•variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;
•changes in the structure of healthcare payment systems;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, licenses, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;
•market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors and issuance of securities analysts’ reports or recommendations;
•quarterly variations in our results of operations or those of our future competitors;
•changes in financial estimates or guidance, including our ability to meet our future revenue and operating profit or loss estimates or guidance;
•sales of substantial amounts of our stock by insiders and large stockholders, or the expectation that such sales might occur;
•general economic, industry and market conditions;
•adverse tax laws or regulations enacted or existing laws applied to us or our customers;
•additions or departures of key personnel;
•intellectual property, product liability or other litigation against us;
•expiration or termination of our potential relationships with customers and strategic partners;
•the occurrence of trade wars or barriers, or the perception that trade wars or barriers will occur;
•any buying or selling of shares of our common stock or other hedging transactions in our common stock in connection with the 2027 Notes or the capped call transactions;
•widespread public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and
•other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section.
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These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price or liquidity of our common stock. In addition, in the past, stockholders have initiated class actions against pharmaceutical companies, including us, following periods of volatility in their stock prices. Such litigation instituted against us could cause us to incur substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Securities and industry analysts may cease to publish research on our company at any time in their discretion. A lack of research coverage may adversely affect the liquidity and market price of our common stock. We will not have any control of the equity research analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. The price of our stock could decline if one or more equity research analysts downgrade our stock or issue other unfavorable commentary or research. If one or more equity research analysts ceases coverage of our company, or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales might occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could occur at any time. In November 2020, we entered into a sales agreement (the “2020 Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cowen, shares of the Company’s common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million (the “ATM Offering”). As of February 17, 2021, we have sold 3.3 million in shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2020 Sales Agreement.
If our stockholders sell, or the market perceives that our stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly. For instance, shares of our common stock that were issued to HintMD stockholders as consideration for the HintMD Acquisition, including those shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, are freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act, in some cases following the expiration of lock-up agreements entered into between Revance and HintMD directors and members of management and certain HintMD stockholders (the “Lock-Up Agreements”). If former HintMD stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, including following the expiration of the Lock-Up Agreements, the market price per share of our common stock may decline. Any sales of securities by stockholders could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.
Provisions in our corporate charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage takeover attempts and lead to management entrenchment, and the market price of our common stock may be lower as a result.
Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may make it difficult for a third party to acquire, or attempt to acquire, control of our company, even if a change in control was considered favorable by you and other stockholders. For example, our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board of directors can fix the price, rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of the preferred stock without any further vote or action by our stockholders. The issuance of shares of preferred stock may delay or prevent a change in control transaction. As a result, the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of our stockholders may be adversely affected. An issuance of shares of preferred stock may result in the loss of voting control to other stockholders.
Our charter documents also contain other provisions that could have an anti-takeover effect, including:
•only one of our three classes of directors will be elected each year;
•no cumulative voting in the election of directors;
•the ability of our board of directors to issues shares of preferred stock and determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval;
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•the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy or newly created directorship;
•stockholders will not be permitted to take actions by written consent;
•stockholders cannot call a special meeting of stockholders;
•stockholders must give advance notice to nominate directors or submit proposals for consideration at stockholder meetings;
•the ability of our board of directors, by a majority vote, to amend the bylaws; and
•the requirement for the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3 percent or more of the outstanding common stock to amend many of the provisions described above.
In addition, we are subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), which regulates corporate acquisitions. These provisions could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control transaction. They could also have the effect of discouraging others from making tender offers for our common stock, including transactions that may be in your best interests. These provisions may also prevent changes in our management or limit the price that certain investors are willing to pay for our stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for the following types of actions or proceedings under Delaware statutory or common law:
•any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;
•any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to the Company or the Company’s stockholders;
•any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; or
•any action asserting a claim against us governed by the internal affairs doctrine.
This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all such Securities Act actions. Accordingly, both state and federal courts have jurisdiction to entertain such claims. The exclusive forum provision contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find the exclusive-forum provision in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business.
Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification agreements that we have entered into with our directors and officers provide that:
•We will indemnify our directors and officers for serving us in those capacities, or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person
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reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful.
•We may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law.
•We are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.
•We will not be obligated pursuant to our amended and restated bylaws to indemnify a person with respect to proceedings initiated by that person against us or our other indemnitees, except with respect to proceedings authorized by our board of directors or brought to enforce a right to indemnification.
•The rights conferred in our amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees and agents and to obtain insurance to indemnify such persons.
•We may not retroactively amend our amended and restated bylaw provisions to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees and agents.
Because we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, capital appreciation, if any, will be your sole source of gains.
We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock to date. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, the terms of any existing or future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
As of December 31, 2020, our headquarters was located in Newark, California, where we occupy approximately 109,000 square feet of office, laboratory and manufacturing space. Effective January 1, 2021, our headquarters changed to Nashville, Tennessee, where we will occupy 40,661 square feet of office space following construction. The space will serve as our headquarters and marketing and experience center. We also have leased commercial offices in Orange County, California, consisting of approximately 9,609 square feet and leased office space in Pleasanton, California, consisting of 30,772 square feet. We intend to maintain our offices in California. As of January 1, 2021, 72% of our employee base was located in California.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we curtailed employee travel and implemented a corporate work-from-home policy in March 2020. We have continued to monitor the situation and have gradually resumed essential on-site corporate operations. We have adopted remote working tools to minimize the disruption to the achievement of our goals and objectives for employees whose job duties do not require physical presence to complete their work. Certain manufacturing, quality and laboratory-based employees have continued to work onsite, and certain employees with customer-facing roles are onsite for training and interfacing in-person with customers in connection with the recent product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. If the severity, duration or nature of the COVID-19 pandemic changes, it may have an impact on our ability to continue on-site operations. We believe that our current facilities are adequate for our needs and for the immediate future and that, should it be needed, additional space can be leased to accommodate any future growth.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of our operations. We are not currently involved in any material legal proceedings. We may, however, be involved in material legal proceedings in the future. Such matters are subject to uncertainty and there can be no assurance that such legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common stock has been trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “RVNC” since our IPO on February 6, 2014. Prior to this date, there was no public market for our common stock.
Holders of Record
As of February 12, 2021, there were approximately 113 holders of record of our common stock, one of which was Cede & Co., a nominee for Depository Trust Company (“DTC”). All of the shares of our common stock held by brokerage firms, banks and other financial institutions as nominees for beneficial owners are deposited into participant accounts at DTC and are therefore considered to be held of record by Cede & Co. as one stockholder.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our common stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will be dependent on a number of factors, including our earnings, capital requirements, overall financial conditions, business prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.
Stock Price Performance Graph
This performance graph shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act or Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
This graph shows a comparison of the cumulative total return on our common stock, Nasdaq Biotechnology Index (“NBI”), and the Nasdaq Composite Index (“CCMP”) for the five years ended December 31, 2020. The graph assumes that $100 was invested at the market close on the last trading day for the year ended December 31, 2015 in our common stock, the NBI, and CCMP, and assumes the reinvestment of any dividends. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
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| Company/Index | 12/31/2015 | 12/31/2016 | 12/31/2017 | 12/31/2018 | 12/31/2019 | 12/31/2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revance Therapeutics, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 60.60 | $ | 104.65 | $ | 58.93 | $ | 47.51 | $ | 82.96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nasdaq Biotechnology Index | $ | 100.00 | $ | 78.65 | $ | 95.67 | $ | 87.19 | $ | 109.08 | $ | 137.90 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nasdaq Composite Index | $ | 100.00 | $ | 108.87 | $ | 141.13 | $ | 137.12 | $ | 187.44 | $ | 271.64 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We have not and do not currently intend to retire or repurchase any of our shares other than providing our employees with the option to withhold shares to satisfy tax withholding amounts due from employees upon the vesting of restricted stock awards in connection with our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (“2014 EIP”) and 2014 Inducement Plan (“2014 IN”).
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
We have elected to comply with Item 301 of Regulation S-K, as amended February 10, 2021, and is omitting this disclosure in reliance thereon.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand our results of operations and financial condition. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements and other disclosures included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to our historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors." Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are presented in U.S. dollars.
Overview
Revance is a biotechnology company focused on innovative aesthetic and therapeutic offerings, including its next-generation neuromodulator product, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection combines a proprietary stabilizing peptide excipient with a highly purified botulinum toxin that does not contain human or animal-based components. We have successfully completed a Phase 3 program for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in glabellar (frown) lines and are pursuing U.S. regulatory approval. We are also evaluating DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the full upper face, including glabellar lines, forehead lines and crow’s feet, as well as in two therapeutic indications—cervical dystonia and adult upper limb spasticity. To accompany DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, we own a unique portfolio of premium products and services for U.S. aesthetics practices, including the exclusive U.S. distribution rights to Teoxane SA’s line of Resilient Hyaluronic Acid® Collection of dermal fillers, the first and only range of FDA-approved fillers for correction of dynamic facial wrinkles and folds, and the HintMD platform, which provides an integrated smart payment solution that supports aesthetic practice management, practice economics and practice loyalty. We have also partnered with Viatris to develop an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, which would compete in the existing short-acting neuromodulator marketplace. We are dedicated to making a difference by transforming patient experiences.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Our Operations
The COVID-19 pandemic caused general business disruption worldwide beginning in January 2020. The health and safety of our team, their families and our communities remains our top priority. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we curtailed employee travel and implemented a corporate work-from-home policy in March 2020. We have continued to monitor the situation and have gradually resumed essential on-site corporate operations in accordance with local and regional restrictions. We have adopted remote working tools to minimize the disruption to the achievement of our goals and objectives for employees whose job duties do not require physical presence to complete their work. Certain manufacturing, quality and laboratory-based employees have continued to work onsite, and certain employees with customer-facing roles are onsite for training and interfacing in-person with customers in connection with the product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. If the severity, duration or nature of the COVID-19 pandemic changes, it may have an impact on our ability to continue on-site operations, which could disrupt our clinical trials and sales activities.
The COVID-19 pandemic has and may continue to negatively affect our ability to obtain approval of product candidates from the FDA or other regulatory authorities, supply chain, end user demand for our products and commercialization activities. In November 2020, the FDA deferred a decision on the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar (frown) lines. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility in Newark, California, due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The FDA did not indicate there were any other review issues at the time beyond the on-site inspection.
In addition, the product supply of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by distribution partner Teoxane as they temporarily suspended production in Geneva, Switzerland as a precaution surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Teoxane resumed manufacturing operations at the end of April 2020 and delivered the first shipment of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to us in June 2020. As a result, our initial product launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers was delayed by one quarter to September 2020. In addition, port closures and other restrictions resulting from the
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COVID-19 pandemic may disrupt our supply chain or limit our ability to obtain sufficient materials for the production of our products. We have taken steps to build sufficient levels of inventory to help mitigate potential future supply chain disruptions.
Our clinical trials have been and may continue to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has and may further delay enrollment in and the progress of our current and future clinical trials. Patients may not be able to comply with clinical trial protocols if quarantines impede patient movement or interrupt healthcare services. Site initiation and patient enrollment may be delayed due to prioritization of hospital resources toward the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, enrollment in the JUNIPER Phase 2 adult upper limb spasticity trial was paused in March 2020 due to challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The trial was originally designed to include 128 subjects. Due to the COVID-19 challenges related to continued subject enrollment and the scheduling of in-person study visits, in June 2020, we announced the decision to end screening and complete the JUNIPER trial with the 83 patients enrolled to date. We released topline results from the Phase 2 study in February 2021.
To ensure proper clinical trial coordination and completion, in line with the FDA-issued guidance of March 18, 2020 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products during the COVID-19 Pandemic, we are evaluating and implementing risk-based approaches for remote clinical trial monitoring and activities, including remote patient assessment, for those subjects who cannot physically visit clinic sites, to ensure the full completion of trials.
The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and we do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our BLA, our manufacturing operations, supply chain, end user demand for our products and services, commercialization efforts, business operations, clinical trials and other aspects of our business, the healthcare systems or the global economy as a whole. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
Financial Update
At-The-Market Offerings
In November 2020, we terminated our Controlled Equity Offering Sale Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the "2018 ATM Agreement") and entered into a separate sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC ("Cowen") as sales agent (the “2020 ATM Agreement”). Under the 2020 ATM Agreement, we may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cowen, shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million. As of February 17, 2021, we sold 3.3 million shares of common stock under the 2020 ATM Agreement resulting in net proceeds of $90.1 million after sales agent commissions.
Convertible Senior Notes
On February 14, 2020, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes, pursuant to the Indenture. The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2020. The 2027 Notes will mature on February 15, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. In connection with issuing the 2027 Notes, we received $278.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, commissions, and other issuance costs.
Follow-On Public Offering
During December 2019 and January 2020, we completed a follow-on public offering of an aggregate of 7,475,000 shares of common stock at $17.00 per share, which included the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase 975,000 additional shares of common stock, for net proceeds of $119.2 million, after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering.
Neuromodulator Pipeline
To ensure proper clinical trial coordination and completion, in line with the FDA-issued guidance of March 18, 2020 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products during the COVID-19 Pandemic, we are evaluating and implementing
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risk-based approaches for remote clinical trial monitoring and activities, including remote patient assessment, for those subjects who cannot physically visit clinic sites, to ensure the full completion of trials.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection Aesthetics
Glabellar lines. We submitted the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines in November 2019, which was accepted by the FDA on February 5, 2020, and the PDUFA target action date was initially set for November 25, 2020. On November 24, 2020, the FDA deferred its decision on the BLA. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility in Newark, California due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though our BLA is still under review, the FDA did not indicate there were any other review issues at the time beyond the on-site inspection.
Upper Facial Lines. In December 2019, we initiated the UFL Trial to understand the safety and efficacy, including potential dosing and injection patterns, of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, covering the upper facial lines. Interim Week 4 data from the Phase 2a studies in forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, which are discussed below, were used in the final design of the UFL Trial to optimize dosing and injection patterns. We released topline results from the UFL Trial in December of 2020. In the UFL Trial, 48 subjects were enrolled to receive a single treatment of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection with a total study duration of 36 weeks. Subjects concurrently received 40, 32, and 48 units of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection respectively in the glabellar complex, forehead and lateral canthal areas. The key endpoints for efficacy were the proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild wrinkle severity at maximum contraction (maximum frown, eyebrow elevation, and smile effort) at Week 4, as assessed on the Investigator Global Assessment Frown Wrinkle Severity, Investigator Global Assessment Forehead Wrinkle Severity, and Investigator Global Assessment Lateral Canthal Wrinkle Severity, respectively. The proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild at Week 4 were 95.8%, 95.8% and 91.7% for glabellar lines, forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, respectively. The UFL Trial measured duration of effect in responders (those who achieved a score of none or mild at Week 4). These duration measures were defined as the median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity or the time to loss of none or mild wrinkle severity, both based on investigator and subject assessments. The median time to return to base line was 33.3, 35.3 and 35.2 weeks, and the median time to loss of none or mild was 25.0, 24.0 and 28.1 weeks for glabellar lines, forehead lines and lateral canthal lines, respectively. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was generally well tolerated, and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were injection site erythema (6.3%), facial discomfort (4.2%) and headache (2.1%). No eyelid or brow ptosis was reported.
Forehead lines. In June 2020, we released top-line results of the Forehead Lines Trial. The objective was to understand the potential dosing and injection patterns of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in other areas of the upper face in addition to the lead indication in glabellar lines. We released top-line results from the Forehead Lines Trial in June 2020. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild in wrinkle or line severity at Week 4 at maximum eyebrow elevation for forehead lines. In the Forehead Lines Trial, 100% of subjects achieved a score of none or mild at Week 4 in at least one treatment group. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was well-tolerated at all dose levels. Adverse events were mild, localized and transient, and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events, as is common with other approved neuromodulators in the treatment of upper facial lines. One of the exploratory endpoints in the Forehead Lines Trial was duration of effect, defined as the median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity based on both investigator and patient assessment. At least one dose in the study demonstrated a median duration of effect of 27 weeks on forehead lines. Interim data from the Forehead Lines Trial was used in the final design of our Upper Facial Lines Trial to optimize dosing and injection patterns, which is discussed above.
Lateral canthal lines. In June 2020, we released top-line results of the LCL Trial. The primary endpoint for efficacy was the proportion of subjects achieving a score of none or mild in wrinkle or line severity at Week 4 at maximum smile for crow’s feet. In the LCL Trial, 88% of subjects achieved a score of none or mild at Week 4 in at least one treatment group. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was well-tolerated at all dose levels. Adverse events were mild, localized and transient as expected and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events, as is common with other approved neuromodulators in the treatment of upper facial lines. One of the exploratory endpoints in the LCL Trial was duration of effect, defined as the median time to return to baseline wrinkle severity based on both investigator and patient assessment. At least one dose in the study demonstrated a median duration of effect of 24 weeks on crow’s feet. Interim data from the LCL Trial was used in the final design of the Upper Facial Lines Trial to optimize dosing and injection patterns, which is discussed above.
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DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection Therapeutics
Cervical dystonia (ASPEN). The ASPEN Phase 3 clinical program consists of two trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of cervical dystonia in adults including a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial (ASPEN-1), and an open-label, long-term safety trial (ASPEN-OLS).
In October 2020, we announced positive topline results from the ASPEN-1 trial. This pivotal study enrolled a total of 301 subjects at 60 sites in the U.S., Canada and Europe. Subjects were randomized 3:3:1 to receive a single treatment of either 125 Units or 250 Units of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, or placebo and were followed for up to 36 weeks. The drug appeared to be well-tolerated at both doses. The study met its primary efficacy endpoint at both doses, demonstrating a clinically meaningful improvement in the signs and symptoms of cervical dystonia at the average of Weeks 4 and 6. Compared to placebo, subjects treated with either 125 Units or 250 Units showed a statistically significant greater change from baseline as measured on the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale Total Score. Median duration of effect was 24.0 and 20.3 weeks, for the 125 Unit and 250 Unit dose groups respectively, based on the median time to loss of 80% of the peak treatment effect. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events and no dose-dependent increase in adverse events was observed. Treatment-related adverse events were generally transient and mild to moderate in severity, with one case of neck pain reported as severe, which resolved two days after onset. The three most common treatment-related adverse events were (for 125 Units and 250 Units, respectively): injection site pain (7.9%, 4.7%), headache (4.7%, 4.7%), and injection site erythema (4.7%, 2.3%). The incidence of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and muscle weakness, which are considered adverse events of particular interest with neuromodulator treatments for cervical dystonia, was low (for 125 Units and 250 Units, respectively): dysphagia (1.6%, 3.9%) and muscular weakness (4.7%, 2.3%).
We completed the enrollment for ASPEN-OLS, a long-term safety study for cervical dystonia, with a total of 354 subjects and expect to release topline results in the second half of 2021. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for cervical dystonia is expected to be our first therapeutic indication of which we are aiming for regulatory approval in 2023.
Adult upper limb spasticity. In December 2018, we initiated the JUNIPER Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for adults with moderate to severe upper limb spasticity due to stroke or traumatic brain injury. In February 2021, we announced topline data from the JUNIPER Phase 2 trial. Subjects were assigned to one of three doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (250 units, 375 units, or 500 units) or to placebo. The trial was originally designed to include 128 subjects. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 challenges related to continued subject enrollment and the scheduling of in-person study visits, the Company made the decision in June 2020 to curtail enrollment at 83 subjects.
The study’s co-primary endpoints were improvement from baseline in the Modified Ashworth Score (“MAS”) and the Physician Global Impression of Change (“PGIC”) score at Week 6. In the JUNIPER trial, proof of concept was demonstrated with all three doses being numerically higher than placebo for the improvement in the MAS score, with the 500-unit dose demonstrating a clinically meaningful and statistically significant reduction from baseline in muscle tone versus placebo (p=0.0488). Additionally, each of the three doses demonstrated a numerical improvement compared with placebo on the PGIC assessment but did not reach statistical significance.
The study was designed to run for up to 36 weeks, with the co-primary measures: mean change from baseline in muscle tone measured with the MAS in the suprahypertonic muscle group ("SMG" - the highest degree for muscle tone) of the elbow, wrist, or finger flexors at Week 6; and mean score of the PGIC at Week 6. The first 73 subjects, who were dosed before enrollment was paused in March due to the COVID-19 pandemic, were followed for up to 36 weeks, and the succeeding 10 subjects were followed up to Week 12.
On a key secondary endpoint, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection delivered a median duration of at least 24 weeks across all three doses. Duration of effect was defined as the time from injection (in weeks) until the loss of improvement as measured by the MAS (for the SMG) and the PGIC, or a request for retreatment by the subject.
All three doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection were generally safe and well tolerated with no increase in the incidence of adverse events observed in the higher dose treatment groups. The majority of treatment-related adverse events were mild or moderate in severity.
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The JUNIPER Phase 2 trial generated sufficient data to inform our dosing strategy for our Phase 3 program. In 2021, we plan to schedule an end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA prior to finalizing a Phase 3 program.
Plantar fasciitis. In November 2020, we released topline results of a Phase 2 prospective, randomized, double-blind, multi-center, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in reducing the signs and symptoms of plantar fasciitis, a painful affliction caused by inflammation of the ligament running along the bottom of the foot (the plantar fascia). The study’s primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline on the 10-point Numeric Pain Rating Scale ("NPRS") score averaged over five days at Week 8. In the trial, both doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection resulted in significant measurable pain relief after treatment that was numerically greater than placebo. However, neither dose met the primary efficacy endpoint of statistically significant improvement from baseline in the NPRS for foot pain at Week 8, compared to placebo. Subjects treated with DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection showed an average reduction from baseline of 3.29 on the NPRS (a 54.6% reduction) at 80U (p=0.2135 vs. placebo) and 3.25 on the NPRS (a 50.1% reduction) at 120U (p=0.2205 vs. placebo, p=0.9207 vs. 80U), compared to placebo subjects at 2.75 on the NPRS (a 45.1% reduction). DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection was found to be safe and well-tolerated at both doses through Week 24. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events and no dose dependent increase in adverse events was observed. Treatment-related adverse events were generally transient and mild to moderate in severity. Although the results of this study did demonstrate pain relief on the NPRS that was numerically greater from baseline than placebo, neither was statistically significant. As such, we are not currently pursuing the plantar fasciitis indication, and we will focus our efforts on indications for muscle movement and pain disorder indications where the use of neuromodulators is well-established.
HintMD Acquisition
On July 23, 2020, we completed the HintMD Acquisition, and HintMD became a wholly owned subsidiary of Revance. The total number of shares of our common stock issued as consideration for the HintMD Acquisition was 8,572,213, including (i) 683,200 shares of our common stock which are held in an escrow fund for purposes of satisfying any post-closing purchase price adjustments and indemnification claims under the HintMD Merger Agreement and (ii) assumed options to purchase an aggregate of 801,600 shares of our common stock.
The HintMD platform provides a seamless, simple and smart payment solution that enables medical aesthetic practices (the “practices”) to improve practice management and economics and foster loyalty with customers, which completes the value chain of our aesthetics portfolio and aligns with our goal to improve outcomes for patients and practices. The HintMD Acquisition leverages our existing and planned commercial infrastructure, and, we believe this financial technology service offering will enable us to grow our U.S. aesthetics business.
Upon the close of the HintMD Acquisition, we onboarded 75 employees into our workforce, and all HintMD operations began being conducted by Revance employees. Certain business integration projects remain ongoing. The next-generation HintMD platform, which is scheduled to launch in mid-2021, will operate as a fully integrated PayFac pursuant to the Payment Facilitator Agreement.
Teoxane’s RHA® Technology and Launch
In January 2020, we entered into the Teoxane Agreement with Teoxane, pursuant to which Teoxane granted us with an exclusive right to import, market, promote, sell and distribute the RHA® Pipeline Products in the U.S. and U.S. territories and possessions, in exchange for 2,500,000 shares of our common stock and certain other commitments by us. The Teoxane Agreement will be effective for a term of ten years upon product launch and may be extended for a two-year period upon the mutual agreement of the parties. In September 2020, we entered into the First Amendment to the Teoxane Agreement to memorialize a revised launch date from April to September as a result of delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
From June to August 2020, we completed the PrevU program, a pre-launch promotional program of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, for select practices, including key opinion leaders. In August 2020, we established our field sales team of approximately 100 members, and, in September 2020, we launched the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $12.9 million in product revenue and $4.8 million for cost of product revenue (exclusive of amortization) from the launch of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
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Viatris and OnabotulinumtoxinA Biosimilar
In June 2020, we announced that Viatris provided us its written notice of its Continuation Decision and paid us a $30 million milestone payment in connection with the Continuation Decision. We began the continuation phase of the onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar program and are moving forward with characterization and product development work, followed by an anticipated filing of an Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) with the FDA in 2022.
Results of Operations
A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 is presented below. For a discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, see Part II, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020.
As a result of the HintMD Acquisition in July 2020, we have two reportable segments: the Product Segment and the Service Segment. Our Product Segment refers to the business that includes the research and development of innovative aesthetic and therapeutic products, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for various indications, the U.S. distribution of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, and the onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar program in partnership with Viatris. Both product and collaboration revenues and related expenses are included in Product Segment. Our Service Segment refers to the business of the HintMD platform, which is a registered PayFac and enables practices to process payments for their patients and provides subscription and pay-over-time solutions that support practices' aesthetic treatment plans.
Revenue
| Year Ended December 31, | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | 2019 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Product revenue | $ | 12,877 | $ | — | N/M | ||||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | 2,031 | 413 | 392 | % | |||||||||||||
| Service revenue | 417 | — | N/M | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 15,325 | $ | 413 | 3,611 | % | |||||||||||
N/M - Percentage not meaningful
Product Revenue
We currently generate product revenue primarily from the sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. We made initial sales of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in June 2020 as a part of the PrevU program and the formal commercial launch took place in September 2020. For additional information on the PrevU program, please read Part I, Item 1. “Business — Sales and Marketing”.
Collaboration Revenue
For the year ended December 31, 2020, our collaboration revenue recognized increased compared to the same periods in 2019 due to the increased development activities in connection with the Viatris Collaboration. In June 2020, we announced that Viatris provided us its written notice of its Continuation Decision.
Service Revenue
Our service revenue is generated from the HintMD platform, which earns revenues through: (i) credit card processing revenues net of interchange and other fees and (ii) monthly per patient fees for practices that use the subscription capabilities. We completed the HintMD Acquisition in July 2020.
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In our current platform service agreements, we generally recognize service revenue net of costs as an accounting agent. Revenue recognized in new or revised future service offerings and arrangements may be presented differently subject to the accounting evaluation of control. Please also read our revenue accounting policies in Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules—Notes to consolidated financial statements—Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Operating Expenses
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of product revenue (exclusive of amortization) | $ | 4,758 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Cost of service revenue (exclusive of amortization) | 11 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 151,846 | 62,011 | 53,863 | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 125,795 | 102,861 | 92,500 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization | 6,077 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 288,487 | $ | 164,872 | $ | 146,363 | |||||||||||
Our operating expenses consist of costs of product revenue (exclusive of amortization) and cost of service revenue (exclusive of amortization), research and development expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses, and amortization. The largest component of our operating expenses is our personnel costs including stock-based compensation, which is a subset of our selling, general and administrative expenses. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the near term as we continue to commercialize the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the U.S. and the next-generation HintMD platform, account for the full year impact of an expanded organization related to the HintMD Acquisition and the hiring of our sales force, and other actions taken to prepare for the commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines if our BLA is approved in 2021. We also expect to decrease our operating expenses related to research and development as we complete existing clinical trials and associated programs related to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of cervical dystonia, adult upper limb spasticity, plantar fasciitis, offset by future potential new indications, and an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, as well as the impact of capitalized inventory costs of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved.
Cost of Product Revenue (exclusive of amortization)
The costs of product revenue (exclusive of amortization) primarily consists of the cost of inventory and distribution expenses related to the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. We did not incur costs of product revenue until the first delivery of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the second quarter of 2020.
Cost of Service Revenue (exclusive of amortization)
The costs of service revenue (exclusive of amortization) consist of limited costs in fulfilling certain services provided by the HintMD platform. We did not incur cost of service revenue related to fulfillment of services until the completion of the HintMD Acquisition in July 2020.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of the following:
•RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and HintMD platform service sales and marketing activities and compensation costs of our sales force;
•DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection pre-commercial activities such as market research and public relations;
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•personnel and professional service costs in our finance, information technology, commercial, investor relations, legal, human resources, and other administrative functions, including related stock-based compensation costs; and
•depreciation and amortization of certain assets used in selling, general and administrative activities.
We expect that our selling, general and administrative expenses will increase as a result of the expenses associated with the operation and integration of HintMD and its full year impact and the potential commercial launch of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved.
Our selling, general and administration expenses are summarized as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | 2019 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 125,544 | $ | 51,731 | 143 | % | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 24,199 | 9,410 | 157 | % | |||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 2,103 | 870 | 142 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 151,846 | $ | 62,011 | 145 | % | |||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses before stock-based compensation and depreciation and amortization
For the year ended December 31, 2020, selling, general and administrative expenses before stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization increased by $73.8 million, or 143% compared to the same period in 2019. $54.6 million of the increase was from sales and marketing related expenses in the Product Segment primarily related to the promotional, professional education, and sales and marketing activities for the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and pre-commercial activities for the commercialization of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. The Service Segment contributed approximately $3.4 million to the increase in sales and marketing related expenses for year ended December 31, 2020. General and administrative expenses contributed to the remaining increase for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019, which were primarily related to professional services and transaction costs associated with the HintMD Acquisition, increased compensation costs from onboarded HintMD team members and other personnel and costs related to investment in information technology infrastructure and administrative functions to support our continued growth as a commercial company with an expanding portfolio of products and services.
We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to increase as we continue to promote, market, and distribute the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers, prepare for the potential launch of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved, conduct other promotion and marketing activities for service offerings, and compensation and infrastructure costs related to the HintMD Acquisition from July 2020.
Stock-based compensation
For the year ended December 31, 2020, stock-based compensation included in selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $14.8 million, or 157% compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to increased employee headcount including the onboarding of HintMD employees and our new sales force, increase in the fair value of our equity awards, and incremental expenses recognized from the performance stock awards, which were granted beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Research and Development Expenses
In the Product Segment, we believe allocation of all costs by product candidate would not be meaningful; therefore, we generally do not track these costs by product candidates unless contractually required by our business partners. In the Service Segment, our Research and Development team is dedicated to introducing new functionalities and features for our existing and next-generation HintMD platform service offerings to improve the experience of our medical aesthetics practitioner customers.
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Research and development expenses consist primarily of:
•salaries and related expenses for personnel in research and development functions, including stock-based compensation;
•expenses related to the initiation and completion of clinical trials and studies for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, future innovations related to Teoxane's RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, including expenses related to the production of clinical supplies;
•fees paid to clinical consultants, CROs and other vendors, including all related fees for investigator grants, patient screening fees, laboratory work and statistical compilation and analysis;
•expenses related to medical affairs, medical information, publications and pharmacovigilance oversight;
•other consulting fees paid to third parties;
•expenses related to the establishment and maintenance of our manufacturing facilities;
•expenses related to the manufacturing of supplies for clinical activities, regulatory approvals, and pre-commercial inventory;
•expenses related to license fees, milestone payments, and development efforts under in-licensing agreements;
•expenses related to compliance with drug development regulatory requirements in the U.S., the European Union and other foreign jurisdictions;
•expenses related to product development not related to developing new features or functionalities of our proprietary HintMD platform and services;
•depreciation and other allocated expenses; and
•charges from the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers asset acquisition related to in-process research and development.
Our research and development expenses are subject to numerous uncertainties primarily related to the timing and cost needed to complete our respective projects. Further, in our Product Segment, the development timelines, probability of success and development expenses can differ materially from expectations, and the completion of clinical trials may take several years or more depending on the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of a product candidate. Accordingly, the cost of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project as a result of differences arising during clinical development. We expect our research and development costs to decrease overall primarily due to the impact of capitalizing inventory costs of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, if approved. Other factors contributing to the decrease include the completion of our existing clinical development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines, forehead lines, LCLs, and other therapeutic indications, such as cervical dystonia and adult upper limb spasticity, offset by the collaboration effort in developing an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, continued product development related to our HintMD platform not subjected to software capitalization, certain shared development costs to Teoxane related to future dermal filler innovations and indications, and pursuit of other clinical development opportunities of any future new indications for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection.
Our research and development expenses fluctuate as projects transition from one development phase to the next. Depending on the stage of development and level of activity related to each development phase undertaken, we may reflect variations in our research and development expenses. We expense both internal and external research and development expenses as they are incurred.
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Our research and development expenses are summarized as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | 2019 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Clinical and regulatory | $ | 51,121 | $ | 52,065 | (2) | % | |||||||||||
| Manufacturing and quality | 36,107 | 30,661 | 18 | % | |||||||||||||
| In-process research and development | 11,184 | — | N/M | ||||||||||||||
| Other research and development expenses | 13,058 | 9,584 | 36 | % | |||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 12,254 | 8,512 | 44 | % | |||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 2,071 | 2,039 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total research and development expenses | $ | 125,795 | $ | 102,861 | 22 | % | |||||||||||
N/M - Percentage not meaningful
Clinical and regulatory
Clinical and regulatory expenses include costs related to personnel, external clinical sites for clinical trials, clinical research organizations, central laboratories, data management, contractors and regulatory activities associated with the clinical development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, clinical and regulatory costs totaled $51.1 million and $52.1 million, or 41% and 51%, respectively, of the total research and development expenses for the respective periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, clinical and regulatory expenses decreased by $0.9 million, or 2%, compared to the same period in 2019, primarily as a result of the completion of multiple clinical trials in the current year and the cost of professional services to support the DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection BLA submission in the prior year, offset by ongoing BLA regulatory support and other developmental efforts. We expect clinical and regulatory expenses to decrease as we continue and complete our existing clinical development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines, forehead lines, LCLs and other therapeutic indications, such as cervical dystonia, adult upper limb spasticity, plantar fasciitis, any future potential new indications.
Manufacturing and quality
Manufacturing and quality expenses include personnel and occupancy expenses, external contract manufacturing costs and pre-approval manufacturing of drug products used in our research and development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. Manufacturing and quality expenses also include raw materials, lab supplies, and storage and shipment of our products to support quality control and assurance activities. These expenses do not include clinical expenses associated with the development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, manufacturing and quality expenses totaled $36.1 million and $30.7 million, or 29% and 30%, respectively, of the total research and development expenses for the respective periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, manufacturing and quality expenses increased by $5.4 million, or 18% compared to the same periods in 2019, primarily due to increased activities related to pre-approval manufacturing and quality activities of inventory and increase personnel costs in anticipation and support of the potential FDA inspections and the approval process of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. We expect that our manufacturing and quality expenses will continue to increase to prepare for an FDA site inspection and the potential launch of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection if approved. Certain amounts of the manufacturing and quality expenses, among other costs, are expected to be treated as inventory costs after the potential approval of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection is obtained.
In-process research and development
In January 2020, we entered into the Teoxane Agreement with Teoxane. In connection with the Teoxane Agreement, in the first quarter of 2020, $11.2 million of the aggregate purchase consideration was recognized as in-process research and development expense, which was related to certain products and indications not approved by the FDA. This is a one-time non-recurring charge.
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Other research and development expenses
Other research and development expenses include expenses for personnel, contract research organizations, consultants, and supplies used to conduct preclinical research and development of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, and development costs for new functionality or features of our HintMD platform. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, other research and development expenses were $13.1 million, or 10%, and $9.6 million, or 9%, respectively, of the total research and development expenses for the respective periods.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, other research and development expenses increased by $3.5 million, or 36% compared to the same period in 2019, primarily due to the increased expense associated with development activities in the Service Segment.
Stock-based compensation
For the year ended December 31, 2020, stock-based compensation included in research and development expenses increased by $3.7 million, or 44%, compared to the same periods in 2019, primarily due to increased employee headcount related to manufacturing and quality activities, onboarding of HintMD employees, the increase in the fair value of our equity awards, and incremental expenses recognized from the performance stock awards, which were granted beginning in the fourth quarter of 2019.
Amortization
For the year ended December 31, 2020, amortization increased by $6.1 million compared to the same period in 2019, due to the amortization of distribution rights recognized from the Teoxane Agreement in January 2020 and the amortization of the developed technology recognized from the HintMD Acquisition in July 2020. We expect such expense to increase due to full year of amortization associated with intangible assets acquired from HintMD Acquisition.
Net Non-Operating Income and Expense
| Year Ended December 31, | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | 2020 | 2019 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,322 | $ | 5,532 | (22 | %) | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | (15,148) | — | N/M | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of derivative liability | (129) | (199) | (35) | % | |||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | (592) | (303) | 95 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total net non-operating income (loss) | $ | (11,547) | $ | 5,030 | (330) | % | |||||||||||
N/M - Percentage not meaningful
Interest Income
Interest income primarily consists of interest income earned on our deposit, money market fund, and investment balances. We expect interest income to vary each reporting period depending on our average deposit, money market fund, and investment balances during the period and market interest rates.
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Interest Expense
Interest expense primarily includes cash and non-cash components from the 2027 Notes. The cash component of the interest expense represents the contractual interest charges. The non-cash component of the interest expense represents the amortization of the debt discount issuance costs. For the year ended December 31, 2020, interest expense of $15.1 million were from the 2027 Notes issued in February 2020.
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liability
The derivative liability on our consolidated balance sheets is remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date with the corresponding gain or loss recorded. We will continue to record adjustments to the fair value of derivative liability until paid.
Other Expense, net
Other expense, net primarily consists of miscellaneous tax and other expense items.
Income Taxes
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we have only generated domestic pretax losses.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we have a net tax benefit of $2.6 million, which consisted of a tax benefit of $2.7 million offset by a tax provision of $0.1 million. The tax benefit of $2.7 million was due to a change in our valuation allowance related to the post-combination effect from the net deferred tax liability assumed from the HintMD Acquisition, and the tax provision of $0.1 million was related to foreign withholding taxes. There was no provision or benefit from income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our financial condition is summarized as follows:
| December 31, | Increase | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments | $ | 436,505 | $ | 290,115 | $ | 146,390 | |||||||||||
| Working capital | $ | 389,039 | $ | 255,623 | $ | 133,416 | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | $ | 374,290 | $ | 225,490 | $ | 148,800 | |||||||||||
Sources and Uses of Cash
We hold our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments in a variety of non-interest bearing bank accounts and interest-bearing instruments subject to investment guidelines allowing for certain lower-risk holdings such as, but not limited to, money market accounts, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government and agency securities, overnight purchase agreements, and commercial paper. Our investment portfolio is structured to provide for investment maturities and access to cash to fund our anticipated working capital needs.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $436.5 million and $290.1 million, respectively, which represented an increase of $146.4 million from December 31, 2019 to December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the proceeds from the issuance of convertible senior notes of $287.5 million, the issuance of shares of our common stock in connection with an at-the-market offering program, net of commissions, of $68.4 million, the issuance of shares of our common stock in January 2020 in connection with the exercise of the over-allotment option in the December 2019 follow-on public offering (described below), net of underwriting discounts and commissions, of $15.6 million, the $30.0 million cash milestone payment from Viatris, the proceeds from the exercise of stock options, common stock warrants and the purchase of shares of our common stock under the 2014 ESPP of $6.9 million. These increases were primarily offset by cash used in other operating activities of $206.0 million, payment of capped call
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transactions of $28.9 million, payments of offering costs and convertible senior notes transaction costs of $9.6 million, payment of proceeds for the net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes of $8.4 million, purchase of property and equipment of $4.1 million, and interest payment of convertible senior notes of $2.5 million.
We derived the following summary of our consolidated statement of cash flows for the periods indicated from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | |||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | (178,502) | $ | (106,161) | |||||||
| Investing activities | $ | 12,131 | $ | (17,592) | |||||||
| Financing activities | $ | 331,484 | $ | 221,657 | |||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our cash used in operating activities is primarily driven by personnel, manufacturing and facility costs, clinical development, and sales and marketing activities. The changes in net cash used in operating activities are primarily related to our net loss, working capital fluctuations and changes in our non-cash expenses, all of which are highly variable. Our cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected principally by our working capital requirements and the extent to which we increase spending on personnel, commercial activities, and research and development activities as our business grows.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $178.5 million, which was primarily due to professional services and consulting fees of approximately $70.8 million; personnel and compensation costs of approximately $72.6 million; clinical trials expenses of approximately $37.4 million; rent, supplies and utilities expenses of approximately $28 million; legal and other administrative expense of approximately $9.7 million, and the 2027 Notes interest paid of $2.5 million; offset by a $30.0 million payment received from Viatris in connection with the Viatris Collaboration, $11.5 million from product and service revenue, and a $0.9 million milestone payment received from Fosun pursuant to the Fosun License Agreement.
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $106.2 million, which was primarily due to clinical spend of approximately $35 million; personnel and talent retention of $43 million; professional services and consulting fees of approximately $39 million; and rent, supplies and utilities of approximately $18 million; offset by the upfront payment, net of withholding tax, received under the Fosun License Agreement of $27 million, and the incremental payment received from Viatris of $5 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, net cash provided by or used in investing activities were primarily related to fluctuations in the timing of purchases, sale and maturities of investments, purchases of property and equipment, and in 2020, the purchase of distribution rights under the Teoxane Agreement and the net cash paid for HintMD Acquisition.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the year ended December 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was driven by proceeds from issuance of the 2027 Notes (as described below), net proceeds from the issuance of our common stock in connection with at-the-market offering program, proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock in January 2020 in connection with the exercise of the over-allotment option from the December 2019 follow-on public offering (described below), net of underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, and proceeds from the exercise of stock options, common stock warrants, and the purchase of shares of our common stock under the 2014 ESPP. The inflows were offset by payment of capped call transactions, offering costs and convertible senior notes transaction costs, and net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes.
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Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 are primarily driven by net proceeds from the issuance of our common stock in connection with follow-on offerings in January 2019 as well as in December 2019 (as described below), the ATM offering program (as described below), and proceeds from the exercise of stock options and the employee stock purchase plan, offset by net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes and payment of offering costs.
Follow-On Public Offering
During December 2019 and January 2020, we completed a follow-on public offering of an aggregate of 7,475,000 shares of common stock at $17.00 per share, which included the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase 975,000 additional shares of common stock, for net proceeds of $119.2 million, after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, of which $103.6 million was received in December 2019 and $15.6 million was received in January 2020.
In January 2019, we completed a follow-on public offering, pursuant to which we issued 6,764,705 shares of common stock at $17.00 per share, including the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase 882,352 additional shares of common stock, for net proceeds of $107.6 million, after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses.
Convertible Senior Notes
On February 14, 2020, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 2027 Notes, pursuant to the Indenture. The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2020. The 2027 Notes will mature on February 15, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. In connection with issuing the 2027 Notes, we received $278.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, commissions, and other issuance costs.
The 2027 Notes may be converted by the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2026 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on June 30, 2020 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if we call any or all of the 2027 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after November 15, 2026 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2027 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election.
The conversion rate will initially be 30.8804 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2027 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $32.38 per share of our common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if we deliver a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such a corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be.
We may not redeem the 2027 Notes prior to February 20, 2024. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2027 Notes, at our option, on or after February 20, 2024 if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day
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immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2027 Notes.
If we undergo a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2027 Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
We used $28.9 million of the net proceeds from the 2027 Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilutive effect upon conversion of the 2027 Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2027 Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a price cap of $48.88 of our common stock per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of our common stock on February 10, 2020. The capped calls have an initial strike price of $32.38 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the conversion option strike price in the 2027 Notes. The capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 8.9 million shares of our common stock.
ATM Offering Programs
In March 2018, we entered into the 2018 ATM Agreement. Under the 2018 ATM Agreement, we had the ability to offer and sell common stock having aggregate proceeds of up to $125.0 million from time to time through Cantor Fitzgerald as our sales agent. Sales of common stock through Cantor Fitzgerald under the 2018 ATM Agreement was made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the Nasdaq or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, in block transactions, or as otherwise agreed upon by us and Cantor Fitzgerald. Cantor Fitzgerald sold the common stock from time to time, based upon instructions from us. We agreed to pay Cantor Fitzgerald a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through Cantor Fitzgerald under the 2018 ATM Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold 687,189 shares of common stock under the 2018 ATM Agreement at a weighted average price of $16.26 per share resulting in net proceeds of $10.9 million after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses.
In November 2020, we terminated the 2018 ATM Agreement and entered into the 2020 ATM Agreement. Under the 2020 ATM Agreement, we may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cowen, shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million. We are not obligated to sell any shares under the 2020 ATM Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2020 ATM Agreement, Cowen will use commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Global Market, to sell shares from time to time based upon our instructions, including any price, time or size limits specified by us. We pay Cowen a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares, reimburse legal fees and disbursements and provide Cowen with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The 2020 ATM Agreement may be terminated by Cowen or us at any time upon notice to the other party, or by Cowen at any time in certain circumstances, including the occurrence of a material and adverse change in our business or financial condition that makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the shares. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we sold 2,585,628 shares of common stock under the 2020 ATM Agreement at a weighted average price of $27.18 per share resulting in net proceeds of $68.2 million after sales agent commissions and offering costs.
Common Stock and Common Stock Equivalents
As of February 12, 2021, outstanding shares of common stock were 71,377,818, outstanding stock options were 5,079,944, unvested restricted stock awards and performance stock awards were 4,444,211, and the number of underlying shares from the 2027 Notes at the initial conversion price is 8.9 million.
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Operating and Capital Expenditure Requirements
We have not achieved profitability on a quarterly or annual basis since our inception and we expect to continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We expect to make additional outlays to increase operating expenditures over the next several years to support the completion of clinical trials and associated programs relating to DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for various indications, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, our investment in future innovations in the RHA® Pipeline Products, the procurement of regulatory approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for various indications and onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, preparation for and, if approved, commercialization for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers in the U.S. and the integration of HintMD and the development and commercialization of the HintMD platform. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale and issuance of common stock and, in February 2020, the 2027 Notes. We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months following the filing of this Form 10-K. However, we may need to raise substantial additional financing in the future to fund our operations. Our operating plan may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional capital sooner than planned. For example, if the FDA does not approve our BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines on a timely basis or at all, it may take longer than anticipated to generate revenue sufficient to fund our operations. In order to meet additional cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt, convertible debt or other securities that may result in dilution to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt or convertible debt securities, these securities could have rights senior to those of our common stock and could contain covenants that restrict our operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional equity or debt financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Debt financing, if available, would result in increased fixed payment obligations and may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions such as incurring debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertain market conditions may limit our ability to access capital. Our failure to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms when needed could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, or at all, we may be required to terminate or delay preclinical studies, clinical trials and research and development activities for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, the RHA® Pipeline Products, an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar and any future product candidates and terminate or delay the integration of HintMD and the development and commercialization of the HintMD platform, or scale back the establishment of sales and marketing capabilities or other activities that may be necessary to commercialize our services and product candidates, if we obtain marketing approval. Further, if adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis, or at all, we may be required to curtail integration of and execution of operation strategies related to the HintMD platform. We may elect to raise additional funds even before we need them if the conditions for raising capital are favorable.
Please read Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for additional risks associated with our substantial capital requirements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the applicable periods. We base our estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Different assumptions and judgments would change the estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, which, in turn, could change the results from those reported. We evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis.
The critical accounting estimates, assumptions and judgments that we believe have the most significant impact on our consolidated financial statements are described below.
Convertible Senior Notes
In accounting for the issuance of the 2027 Notes, we separated the 2027 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was $175.4 million, which was calculated by using an implied interest rate of
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9.5%, which was estimated to be our borrowing rate on the issuance date for a similar debt instrument without the conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component was $112.1 million, which represents the conversion option, and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2027 Notes. A 1% change to the estimated interest rate would have changed the allocation between the liability and equity components by approximately $10 million on initial recognition, which would then impact the subsequent recognition of non-cash interest expense from the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs until maturity date. Refer to Part IV, Item 15 “Consolidated Financial Statements—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 12—Convertible Senior Notes” for details of the 2027 Notes.
Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions
Accounting for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions as of acquisition date which are inherently uncertain. Assets we have recognized from such transactions include goodwill, development technology, in-process research and development, tradename, customer relationships, and distribution rights. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from product or service sales and acquired technologies, revenue growth rate, expected costs to develop in-process research and development into commercially viable products, technology migration curve, estimated cash flows from the projects when completed, and discount rates. The discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.
Goodwill Impairment
At the acquisition date, we measure goodwill as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition-date fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level in the fourth quarter of each calendar year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the reporting unit might be impaired. In assessing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount. Such qualitative factors generally include, but not limited to, macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, sustained decrease in our share price, and other relevant changes specific to our company. If we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If we conclude that goodwill is impaired, an impairment charge is recorded to the extent that the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.
Collaboration Revenue
Upon adoption of ASC 606 in 2018, we recognize revenue when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within the contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.
At the inception of each arrangement that includes development, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered more likely than not of being reached and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price. ASC 606 provides two alternatives to use when estimating the amount of variable consideration: the expected value method and the most likely amount method. Under the expected value method, an entity considers the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Under the most likely amount method, an entity
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considers the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. Whichever method is used should be consistently applied throughout the life of the contract; however, it is not necessary for us to use the same approach for all contracts. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of us or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation (as determined to be appropriate) on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. We recognize revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability of achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts our estimates of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.
Performance stock awards Subject to Market-based Vesting Conditions
Certain performance stock awards granted in 2019 and 2020 include market-based vesting conditions (“market-based PSAs”). These market-based PSAs vest upon the earlier of i) the date that the closing share price of our common stock meet certain minimum share prices on a volume-weighted basis for a specified period of time or ii) upon a change in control in which the purchase price of our common stock is at or above the same minimum share prices as determined in the award agreement.
We determined the fair value of the market-based PSAs using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The following weighted-average assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo simulation model in determining fair value of these performance stock awards:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
Expected term (in years) (1) | 10 | 10 | |||||||||
Expected volatility (2) | 60.0 | % | 60.0 | % | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.7 | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||
| Expected dividend rate | — | % | — | % | |||||||
(1)Expected term was based on the expiration period of the performance stock awards in the award agreement.
(2)Expected volatility was estimated based on our historical volatility and the historical volatilities of a select group of similar entities..
For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized stock-based compensation expense for the market-based PSAs of $6.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As of December 31, 2020, the unrecognized compensation cost for the market-based PSAs was $3.2 million with a weighted average expected recognize period of 2.1 years.
Contractual Obligations
Our contractual commitments will have an impact on our future liquidity. We believe that we will be able to meet these obligations with our existing cash balances and cash generated from sales of our products and services as well as potential financing activities.
| Payment due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contractual Obligations (1) | Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ( In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating leases (2) | $ | 43,123 | $ | 7,649 | $ | 13,354 | $ | 14,117 | $ | 8,003 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2027 Notes principal and interest | 319,994 | 5,031 | 10,062 | 10,062 | 294,839 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations (3) | 98,000 | 8,000 | 60,000 | 30,000 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 461,117 | $ | 20,680 | $ | 83,416 | $ | 54,179 | $ | 302,842 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1)This table does not include any milestone or royalty payments, which may become payable to third parties under agreements, as the timing and likelihood of such payments are not known. Refer to "Contingencies" below for more details.
(2)Operating leases do not include the leases not yet commenced as of December 31, 2020.
(3)The amounts are related to the ABPS Amendment. Refer to "Purchase Commitments" below for detail terms of the purchase commitment.
Operating Lease Obligations
We have commenced operating lease obligations totaled $43.1 million over 6 years, of which $7.6 million were short-term obligations and the rest were long-term as of December 31, 2020. For leases not yet commenced as of December 31, 2020 as well as details of our leases, refer to Part IV, Item 15. — “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 11—Leases.”
Convertible Senior Notes
On February 14, 2020, we issued the 2027 Notes with an aggregate principal balance of $287.5 million, pursuant to the Indenture. The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2020. The 2027 Notes will mature on February 15, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased earlier. The 2027 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election. In connection with issuing the 2027 Notes, we received $278.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, commissions, and other issuance costs. Contractually, we may not redeem the 2027 Notes prior to February 20, 2024, and no sinking fund is provided for the 2027 Notes. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 12—Convertible Senior Notes” for details of the convertible senior notes.
Purchase Commitments
•Under the ABPS Amendment, we are subject to minimum purchase obligations of $8.0 million for the year ended in December 31, 2021, and $30.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024. We also have the right to terminate the ABPS Services Agreement, without cause, with an 18-month written notice. The ABPS Amendment contains a lease which has not yet commenced as of December 31, 2020. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements —Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies” for details of the ABPS Services Agreement and the ABPS Amendment.
•Under the Teoxane Agreement, if Teoxane pursues regulatory approval for the RHA® Pipeline Products for certain new indications or filler technologies, including innovations with respect to existing products in the U.S., we will be subject to certain specified cost-sharing arrangements for third party expenses incurred in achieving regulatory approval for such products. We are required to meet certain minimum purchase obligations during each year of the term and are required to meet certain minimum expenditure requirements in connection with commercialization efforts unless prevented by certain conditions such as manufacturing delays. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements —Note 6—Filler Distribution Agreement” for details of the Teoxane Agreement.
Contingencies
We have the following milestone or royalty payments, which may become payable to third parties under agreements, as the timing and likelihood of such payments are not known.
•We have one future milestone payment of $4.0 million upon the achievement of regulatory approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements —Note 10—Derivative Liability” for details.
•We are obligated to pay a $2.0 million milestone payment to List Laboratories, which is a developer of botulinum toxin, when a certain regulatory milestone is achieved. We are also obligated to pay royalties to List
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Laboratories on future sales of botulinum toxin products. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements —Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies” for details.
•Under the BTRX Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to pay up to $16.0 million to BTRX upon the satisfaction of milestones relating to our product revenue, intellectual property, and clinical and regulatory events. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements —Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies” for details of the BTRX Purchase Agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2020, we did not have any material off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Please read Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules—Notes to consolidated financial statements—Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. We had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $436.5 million and $290.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments were held in deposit, money market funds, and commercial paper. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of the interest rates in the U.S. A hypothetical 10% movement in interest rates would not be expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We mitigate market risk for changes in interest rates by holding our short-term investments in commercial paper to maturity.
Foreign Exchange
Our operations are primarily conducted in the U.S. using the U.S. Dollar. However, we conduct limited operations in foreign countries, primarily for clinical and regulatory services, whereby settlement of our obligations are denominated in the local currency. Transactional exposure arises when transactions occur in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction with the resulting liabilities being translated into the U.S. Dollar at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. The resulting gains and losses, which were insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, are included in other expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. We do not use currency forward exchange contracts to offset the related effect on the underlying transactions denominated in a foreign currency.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements are set forth beginning on page F-3 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.
We have elected to comply with Item 302 of Regulation S-K, as amended February 10, 2021 and are omitting the supplementary financial information disclosure in reliance thereon.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We are responsible for maintaining disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of December 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO.
In accordance with guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission, companies are permitted to exclude acquisitions from their final assessment of internal control over financial reporting for the first fiscal year in which the acquisition occurred. Our management’s evaluation of internal control over financial reporting excluded certain elements of the internal control activities of HintMD, a wholly-owned subsidiary, which we acquired in July 2020 in a business combination. Refer to Part IV, Item 15. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 4—“Business Combination” for details. Subsequent to the acquisition, certain elements of HintMD’s internal control over financial reporting and related processes were integrated into our existing systems and internal control over financial reporting. Those controls that were not integrated have been excluded from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. The excluded elements represent controls over approximately 1% of the consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2020. Total excluded elements represent controls over 3% of our consolidated total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020.
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Based on our evaluation, our management concluded our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report on pages F2-F4 in Part IV, Item 15 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
For the three months ended December 31, 2020, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item will be included in our proxy statement for the 2021 Annual Meeting of the Stockholders (“2021 Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates, and is incorporated by reference.
Code of Business Conduct.
Our Board of Directors adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers, including our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions and agents and representatives, including directors and consultants. The full text of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website at www.revance.com. We intend to disclose future amendments to certain provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, or waivers of such provisions applicable to any principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions, and our directors, on our website identified above.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item will be included in our 2021 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates, and is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this item will be included in our 2021 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates, and is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item will be included in our 2021 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates, and is incorporated by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item will be included in our 2021 Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates, and is incorporated by reference.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
(1)Financial Statements. The financial statements required by this item are set forth beginning at F-1 in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are incorporated herein by reference.
(2)Financial Statement Schedules. None. Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not material, or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
(3)Exhibits: See Item 15(b) below.
(b)Exhibits. The following exhibits are included herein or incorporated herein by reference:
| EXHIBIT INDEX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.1 | S-4 | 333-239059 | 2.1 | June 10, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | 8-K | 001-36297 | 3.1 | February 11, 2014 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | S-1 | 333-193154 | 3.4 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | S-1/A | 333-193154 | 4.4 | February 3, 2014 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | 8-K | 001-36297 | 4.1 | February 14, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.3 | 8-K | 001-36297 | 4.2 | February 14, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4.4 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1* | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.3 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2* | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.4 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3* | S-1/A | 333-193154 | 10.5 | January 27, 2014 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
109
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4* | 10-K | 001-36297 | 10.6 | March 4, 2016 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.5* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.3 | November 10, 2015 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.6* | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.7* | S-1/A | 333-193154 | 10.7 | January 27, 2014 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.8* | S-1/A | 333-193154 | 10.8 | January 27, 2014 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.9* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.2 | November 9, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.10* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.5 | November 10, 2015 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.11* | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.12* | S-8 | 333-240061 | 99.2 | July 24, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.13 | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.9 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.14 | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.10 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.15 | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.11 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.16 | 8-K | 001-36297 | 10.35 | March 4, 2014 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.17 | 8-K | 001-36297 | 10.1 | May 11, 2018 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.18 | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.1 | August 6, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
110
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.19 | 8-K | 001-36297 | 10.1 | November 20, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.20 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.21+ | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.15 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.22+ | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.16 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.23+ | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.18 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.24+ | S-1 | 333-193154 | 10.20 | December 31, 2013 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.25+ | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.1 | November 10, 2015 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.26* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.3 | November 4, 2019 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.27* | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.28* | 10-K | 001-36297 | 10.34 | March 4, 2016 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.29* | 10-K | 001-36291 | 10.37 | February 28, 2019 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
111
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.30 | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.4 | May 9, 2017 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.31++ | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.32+ | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.1 | May 9, 2018 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.33++ | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.1 | November 4, 2019 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.34+ | 10-K | 001-36291 | 10.42 | February 28, 2019 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.35 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.36* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.2 | November 4, 2019 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.37* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.4 | November 4, 2019 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.38* | 10-K | 001-36297 | 10.4 | February 26, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.39* | 10-K | 001-36297 | 10.41 | February 26, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.40* | 10-K | 001-36297 | 10.42 | February 26, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.41++ | 10-K | 001-36297 | 10.43 | February 26, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.42++ | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.5 | November 9, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.43* | 10-Q | 001-36297 | 10.1 | November 9, 2020 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
112
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21.1 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23.1 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24.1 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1† | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.2† | — | — | — | — | X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101) | — | — | — | — | X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
++ Portions of this exhibit (indicated by asterisks) have been omitted as the registrant has determined that (i) the omitted information is not material and (ii) the omitted information would likely cause competitive harm to the registrant if publicly disclosed.
† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Revance Therapeutics, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
113
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Consolidated Financial Statements: | |||||
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Revance Therapeutics, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Revance Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management has excluded certain elements of the internal control over financial reporting of Hint, Inc. (HintMD) from its assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 because it was acquired by the Company in a purchase business combination during 2020. Subsequent to the acquisition, certain elements of HintMD’s internal control over financial reporting and related processes were integrated into the Company’s existing systems and internal control over financial reporting. Those controls that were not integrated have been excluded from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of
F-2
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. We have also excluded these elements of the internal control over financial reporting of HintMD from our audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The excluded elements represent controls over approximately 1% of consolidated assets and 3% of consolidated revenues.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Acquisition of Hint, Inc. - Valuation of Developed Technology and In-process Research and Development Intangible Assets
As described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, on July 23, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Hint, Inc. for a total acquisition price of $189.6 million, which resulted in $19.6 million of developed technology and $16.2 million of in-process research and development being recorded. Management estimates the fair value of developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets using the multi-period excess earnings method. Significant judgment was exercised in determining the fair value of the intangible assets acquired, which included estimates and assumptions related to the revenue growth rate and technology migration curve.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the valuation of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets in the acquisition of Hint, Inc. is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when estimating the fair value of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets which involved the use of significant estimates and assumptions related to the revenue growth rate and technology migration curve. This in turn led to significant audit effort and a high degree of auditor judgement and subjectivity in performing procedures and evaluating the significant assumptions relating to the estimates, including revenue growth rate and technology migration curve. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the acquisition accounting, including controls over management’s valuation of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets, and controls over the development of the significant assumptions related to the valuation, including the revenue growth rate and technology migration curve significant assumptions. These procedures also included, among others, (i) reading the purchase agreement and (ii) testing management’s process for estimating the fair value of the developed technology and in-process research and development intangible assets. Testing management’s process included evaluating the appropriateness of the multi-period excess earnings model, testing the completeness, accuracy, and relevance of underlying data used in the model, and evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions related to the revenue growth rate and technology migration curve, which involved evaluating the consistency with external market and
F-3
industry data, and benchmarking of peer companies. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the appropriateness of the multi-period excess earnings model used by management and evaluating the reasonableness of the technology migration curve assumption.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
February 25, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2005.
F-4
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| CURRENT ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 333,558 | $ | 171,160 | |||||||
| Short-term investments | 102,947 | 118,955 | |||||||||
| Accounts and other receivables | 1,829 | — | |||||||||
| Inventories | 5,876 | — | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,793 | 6,487 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 450,003 | 296,602 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 17,499 | 14,755 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 146,964 | — | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 71,343 | — | |||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets | 29,632 | 26,531 | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | 3,445 | 730 | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 1,334 | 1,669 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 720,220 | $ | 340,287 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| CURRENT LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 12,657 | $ | 8,010 | |||||||
| Accruals and other current liabilities | 32,938 | 18,636 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, current portion | 7,851 | 7,911 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, current portion | 4,437 | 3,470 | |||||||||
| Derivative liability | 3,081 | 2,952 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 60,964 | 40,979 | |||||||||
| Convertible senior notes | 180,526 | — | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, net of current portion | 77,294 | 47,948 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 27,146 | 25,870 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | 345,930 | 114,797 | |||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
Convertible preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share — 5,000,000 shares authorized, and no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 | — | — | |||||||||
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share — 95,000,000 shares authorized both as of December 31, 2020 and 2019; 69,178,666 and 52,374,735 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively | 69 | 52 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 1,500,514 | 1,069,639 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | — | 3 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (1,126,293) | (844,204) | |||||||||
| TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 374,290 | 225,490 | |||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 720,220 | $ | 340,287 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-5
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product revenue | $ | 12,877 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Collaboration revenue | 2,031 | 413 | 3,729 | ||||||||||||||
| Service revenue | 417 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | 15,325 | 413 | 3,729 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of product revenue (exclusive of amortization) | 4,758 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of service revenue (exclusive of amortization) | 11 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 151,846 | 62,011 | 53,863 | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 125,795 | 102,861 | 92,500 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization | 6,077 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 288,487 | 164,872 | 146,363 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (273,162) | (164,459) | (142,634) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 4,322 | 5,532 | 4,023 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (15,148) | — | (44) | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in fair value of derivative liability | (129) | (199) | (140) | ||||||||||||||
| Other expense, net | (592) | (303) | (773) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (284,709) | (159,429) | (139,568) | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (provision) | 2,620 | — | (3,000) | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (282,089) | (159,429) | (142,568) | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) and adjustment on securities included in net loss | (3) | 11 | (8) | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (282,092) | $ | (159,418) | $ | (142,576) | |||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net loss | $ | (282,089) | $ | (159,429) | $ | (142,568) | |||||||||||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (4.86) | $ | (3.67) | $ | (3.94) | |||||||||||
| Basic and diluted weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share | 58,009,162 | 43,460,804 | 36,171,582 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| Additional Paid-In Capital | Other Accumulated Comprehensive Gain (Loss) | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance — December 31, 2017 | $ | 36,516,075 | $ | 37 | $ | 810,975 | $ | — | $ | (542,167) | $ | 268,845 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 293,100 | — | 4,527 | — | — | 4,527 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock awards, net of cancellation | 201,032 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock relating to employee stock purchase plan | 37,894 | — | 765 | — | — | 765 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes | (72,898) | — | (2,212) | — | — | (2,212) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| — | — | 40 | — | (40) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 16,273 | — | — | 16,273 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss and adjustment on securities included in net loss | — | — | — | (8) | — | (8) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | (142,568) | (142,568) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance — December 31, 2018 | 36,975,203 | 37 | 830,368 | (8) | (684,775) | 145,622 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with offerings, net of issuance costs of $770 | 13,264,705 | 13 | 211,187 | — | — | 211,200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock awards, net of cancellation | 1,447,544 | 1 | (1) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with at-the-market offering, net of issuance costs of $265 | 687,189 | 1 | 10,604 | — | — | 10,605 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock relating to employee stock purchase plan | 74,935 | — | 818 | — | — | 818 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | 10,135 | — | 119 | — | — | 119 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes | (84,976) | — | (1,378) | — | — | (1,378) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | — | — | 17,922 | — | — | 17,922 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain and adjustment on securities included in net loss | — | — | — | 11 | — | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | (159,429) | (159,429) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance — December 31, 2019 | 52,374,735 | 52 | 1,069,639 | 3 | (844,204) | 225,490 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity— (Continued)
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| Additional Paid-In Capital | Other Accumulated Comprehensive Gain (Loss) | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with the HintMD Acquisition | 7,756,765 | 8 | 188,082 | — | — | 188,090 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock awards and performance stock awards, net of cancellation | 2,602,890 | 2 | (2) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with at-the-market offering, net of issuance costs of $211 | 2,585,628 | 2 | 68,154 | — | — | 68,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with the Teoxane Agreement | 2,500,000 | 3 | 43,397 | — | — | 43,400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with offerings, net of issuance costs of $44 | 975,000 | 1 | 15,536 | — | — | 15,537 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants | 635,966 | 1 | 5,247 | — | — | 5,248 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock relating to employee stock purchase plan | 94,205 | — | 1,644 | — | — | 1,644 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of transaction costs | — | — | 108,510 | — | — | 108,510 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes | (346,523) | — | (8,441) | — | — | (8,441) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capped call transactions related to the issuance of convertible senior notes | — | — | (28,865) | — | — | (28,865) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | 37,613 | — | — | 37,613 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss and adjustment on securities included in net loss | — | — | — | (3) | — | (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | (282,089) | (282,089) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance — December 31, 2020 | 69,178,666 | $ | 69 | $ | 1,500,514 | $ | — | $ | (1,126,293) | $ | 374,290 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-7
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (282,089) | $ | (159,429) | $ | (142,568) | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 36,453 | 17,922 | 16,273 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash in-process research and development | 11,184 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 10,726 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 10,250 | 2,909 | 1,726 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | (2,720) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of discount on investments | (1,423) | (2,637) | (1,103) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment | 52 | (8) | (1,466) | ||||||||||||||
| Other non-cash operating activities | (907) | 810 | 175 | ||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts and other receivables | (1,736) | 27,000 | (26,952) | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | (5,876) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 912 | (1,377) | (2,911) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets | (3,101) | (1,868) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other non-current assets | 335 | 1,578 | (1,871) | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 4,425 | (360) | 1,691 | ||||||||||||||
| Accruals and other liabilities | 13,484 | 3,565 | 1,488 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 29,286 | 4,587 | 51,272 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 2,243 | 1,147 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (178,502) | (106,161) | (104,246) | ||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from maturities of investments | 259,500 | 317,000 | 146,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of investments | 16,969 | — | 67,435 | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of investments | (259,304) | (3,238) | (6,991) | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (4,098) | (331,362) | (314,911) | ||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for HintMD Acquisition, net | (818) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase of distribution rights and other in-process research and development | (118) | — | (100) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | — | 8 | 1,541 | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 12,131 | (17,592) | (107,026) | ||||||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes | 287,500 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with at-the-market offerings, net of commissions | 68,367 | 10,870 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with offerings, net of commissions and discount | 15,581 | 211,970 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and common stock warrants, and purchases under the employee stock purchase plan | 6,892 | 937 | 5,292 | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of capped call transactions | (28,865) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Payment of convertible senior notes transaction costs | (9,190) | — | |||||||||||||||
| Net settlement of restricted stock awards for employee taxes | (8,441) | (1,378) | (2,212) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of offering costs | (360) | (742) | (366) | ||||||||||||||
| Principal payments made on financing obligations | — | — | (932) | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 331,484 | 221,657 | 1,782 | ||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — (Continued)
(In thousands)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH | 165,113 | 97,904 | (209,490) | ||||||||||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — Beginning of period | 171,890 | 73,986 | 283,476 | ||||||||||||||
| CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH — End of period | $ | 337,003 | $ | 171,890 | $ | 73,986 | |||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | 2,530 | $ | — | $ | 16 | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 100 | $ | 3,000 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING INFORMATION: | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock and awards assumed in connection with the HintMD Acquisition | $ | 188,090 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with the Teoxane Agreement | $ | 43,400 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Internally developed software capitalized from stock-based compensation | $ | 1,160 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment purchases included in accounts payable and accruals | $ | 904 | $ | 619 | $ | 642 | |||||||||||
| Accrued offering costs | $ | 188 | $ | 293 | $ | 354 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-8
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. The Company
Revance is a biotechnology company focused on innovative aesthetic and therapeutic offerings, including its next-generation neuromodulator product, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection combines a proprietary stabilizing peptide excipient with a highly purified botulinum toxin that does not contain human or animal-based components. We have successfully completed a Phase 3 program for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in glabellar (frown) lines and are pursuing United States (“U.S.”) regulatory approval. We are also evaluating DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in the full upper face, including glabellar lines, forehead lines and crow’s feet, as well as in two therapeutic indications—cervical dystonia and adult upper limb spasticity. To accompany DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, we own a unique portfolio of premium products and services for U.S. aesthetics practices, including the exclusive U.S. distribution rights to Teoxane SA’s line of Resilient Hyaluronic Acid® Collection of dermal fillers, the first and only range of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”)-approved fillers for correction of dynamic facial wrinkles and folds, and the HintMD fintech platform (the “HintMD platform”), which provides an integrated smart payment solution that supports aesthetic practice management, practice economics and practice loyalty. We have also partnered with Viatris Inc. (formerly Mylan N.V.) (“Viatris”) to develop an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, which would compete in the existing short-acting neuromodulator marketplace. We are dedicated to making a difference by transforming patient experiences.
On July 23, 2020, we completed the acquisition of Hint, Inc. (d/b/a HintMD) by acquiring 100% of the HintMD stock that was issued and outstanding as of the date of acquisition for a total purchase consideration of $189.6 million (see Note 4). The HintMD platform provides a seamless, simple and smart payment solution that enables medical aesthetic practices (the “practices”) to improve practice management and economics and foster loyalty with customers, which completes the value chain of our aesthetics portfolio and aligns with our goal to improve outcomes for patients and practices. The HintMD Acquisition leverages our existing and planned commercial infrastructure, and, we believe this financial technology service offering will enable us to grow our U.S. aesthetics business. The consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 include the financial results of HintMD from the acquisition completion date.
Since inception, we have devoted substantially all of our efforts to identifying and developing product candidates for the aesthetic and therapeutic pharmaceutical markets, recruiting personnel, raising capital, conducting preclinical and clinical development of, and manufacturing development for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection, DaxibotulinumtoxinA Topical, the onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar, and the commercial launch of Teoxane’s RHA® Collection of dermal fillers. We have incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations. We have not generated substantial product revenue to date, and will continue to incur significant research and development, sales and marketing, and other expenses related to our ongoing operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a net loss of $282.1 million. As of December 31, 2020, we had a working capital surplus of $389.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $1.1 billion. In recent years, we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of common stock, convertible senior notes, and payments received from collaboration arrangements. As of December 31, 2020, we had capital resources of $436.5 million consisting of cash, cash equivalents, and investments. We believe that our existing capital resources will fund the operating plan through at least the next 12 months following the issuance of this Form 10-K, and may identify additional capital resources to fund our operations.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
F-9
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the fair value of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, incremental borrowing rate used to measure operating lease liabilities, the recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets, useful lives associated with property and equipment and intangible assets, period of benefit associated with deferred costs, useful lives of customer contracts, revenue recognition (including the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, estimating variable consideration, estimating stand-alone selling prices of promised goods and services, and allocation of transaction price to performance obligations), deferred revenue classification, accruals including clinical trial costs, valuation and assumptions underlying stock-based compensation and other equity instruments, fair value of derivative liability, fair value of the liability component of the convertible senior notes, allocation of purchase consideration in asset acquisitions, and income taxes.
We base these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The worldwide continued spread of COVID-19 has caused a global slowdown of economic activity which has decreased demand for a broad variety of goods and services, including from our potential customers, while also disrupting sales channels and marketing activities for an unknown period of time until the disease is contained. We are unable to predict the future effect resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on, for instance, clinical trials, product launch timing, and commercial activities. As of the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements, we are not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require us to update our estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of our assets or liabilities. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements.
Risks and Uncertainties
The product candidates developed by us require approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that our current and future product candidates will meet desired efficacy and safety requirements to obtain the necessary approvals. If approval is denied or delayed, it may have a material adverse impact on our business and our consolidated financial statements.
In November 2020, the FDA deferred a decision on the BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of moderate to severe glabellar (frown) lines. The FDA reiterated that an inspection of our manufacturing facility is required as part of the BLA approval process, but the FDA was unable to conduct the required inspection of our manufacturing facility in Newark, California, due to the FDA’s travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The FDA did not indicate there were any other review issues at the time beyond the on-site inspection.
We are subject to risks common to companies in the development or early commercial stage including, but not limited to, dependency on the clinical and commercial success of our product candidates, ability to obtain regulatory approval of our product candidates, the need for substantial additional financing to achieve our goals, uncertainty of broad adoption of our approved products, if any, by physicians and consumers, significant competition and untested manufacturing capabilities.
Concentration of Risks
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk consist of short-term investments. Under our investment policy, we limit our credit exposure by investing in highly liquid funds and debt obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies with high credit quality. Our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments are held in the U.S. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any significant losses on our deposits of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments.
Substantially all of our product revenue was related to sales through one third-party distributor.
F-10
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider all highly liquid investment securities with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents may include deposit, money market funds, and debt securities.
Restricted Cash
As of December 31, 2019, a deposit totaling $0.7 million was restricted from withdrawal. We have a deposit balance of $0.5 million that relates to securing our facility lease and will remain until the end of the lease. The remaining $0.2 million deposit balance relates to a letter of credit. As of December 31, 2020, a deposit totaling $3.4 million was restricted from withdrawal. We have a deposit balance of $0.5 million that relates to securing our facility lease and will remain until the end of the lease. The remaining $2.9 million deposit balance relates to a letter of credit. These balances are included in restricted cash on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and within the cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balance on the consolidated statement of cash flows.
Investments
Investments generally consist of securities with original maturities greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year. We do not have long-term investments with remaining maturities greater than one year. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and reevaluate such determination at each balance sheet date. All of our investments are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value, with the change in unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and accumulated as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income includes interest, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, realized gains and losses on sales of securities and other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of investments, if any. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. We monitor our investment portfolio for potential impairment on a quarterly basis. If the carrying amount of an investment in debt securities exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, the carrying amount of the security is reduced to fair value and a loss is recognized in operating results for the amount of such decline. In order to determine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary, we evaluate, among other factors, the cause of the decline in value, including the creditworthiness of the security issuers, the number of securities in an unrealized loss position, the severity and duration of the unrealized losses, and our intent and ability to hold the security to maturity or forecast recovery. We mitigate our credit risk by investing in money market funds, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency obligations, commercial paper and overnight repurchase agreement which limit the amount of investment exposure as to credit quality and maturity.
Inventories
Inventories consist of finished goods held for sale to customers including consigned inventory held by our distributor. Cost is determined using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method. Inventory valuation reserves are established based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, product excess and obsolescence, or application of the lower of cost or net realizable value concepts. The determination of events requiring the establishment of inventory valuation reserves, together with the calculation of the amount of such reserves may require judgment. No inventory valuation reserves have been recorded for any periods presented.
F-11
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain financial and non-financial assets and liabilities to determine fair value disclosures. The accounting standards define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, and require disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at fair value, the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact are considered along with assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance. The accounting standard for fair value establishes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, the first two of which are considered observable and the last unobservable, that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:
•Level 1 — Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
•Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology and including data about assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available under the circumstances.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Computer equipment, lab equipment and furniture and fixtures, and manufacturing equipment is depreciated generally over 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of 15 years or the term of the lease. The cost of maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred.
Internal-use software, whether purchased or developed, is capitalized at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated useful life, which is generally 3 years. Costs associated with internally developed software are expensed until the point at which the project has reached the development stage. Subsequent additions, modifications or upgrades to internal-use software are capitalized only to the extent that they provide additional functionality. Software maintenance and training costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The capitalization of internal-use software requires judgment in determining when a project has reached the development stage and the period over which we expect to benefit from the use of that software.
When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the consolidated balance sheets and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the period realized.
Leases
On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which requires an entity to recognize right-of-use asset and lease liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases with terms greater than twelve months. We recognized $24.7 million and $28.2 million as total right-of-use assets and total lease liabilities, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 for our existing operating lease agreements for the office and
F-12
manufacturing spaces in Newark, California and equipment leases. The existing deferred rent liabilities of $3.5 million associated with the same lease agreements was reversed as of January 1, 2019.
We account for a contract as a lease when it has an identified asset that is physically distinct and we have the right to control the asset for a period of time while obtaining substantially all of the asset's economic benefits. We determine if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at inception. For arrangements that meet the definition of a lease, we determine the initial classification and measurement of our operating right-of-use asset and operating lease liability at the lease commencement date and thereafter if modified. The lease term includes any renewal options that we are reasonably assured to exercise. The present value of lease payments is determined by using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if that rate is readily determinable; otherwise, we use our estimated secured incremental borrowing rate for that lease term. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the reasonably assured lease term based on the total lease payments and is included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
In addition to rent, the leases may require us to pay additional amounts for variable lease costs which includes taxes, insurance, maintenance, and other expenses, and the variable lease costs are generally referred to as non-lease components. At adoption date of January 1, 2019, for real estate leases, we did not elect the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components; therefore, we account for lease and non-lease components separately. For equipment leases, lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component. For new leases after the adoption, we will make accounting policy elections by class of underlying asset on separating or not separating lease and non-lease components.
At adoption date of January 1, 2019, we have also elected the recognition exemption for short-term leases for all leases that qualify. Under this exemption, we will not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for those leases that qualify as a short-term lease.
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
We evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. Events and changes in circumstances considered important that could result in an impairment review of long-lived assets include (i) a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset; (ii) a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition; (iii) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; (iv) an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset; (v) a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset; and (vi) a current expectation that, more likely than not (more than 50%), a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. The impairment evaluation of long-lived assets includes an analysis of estimated future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the long-lived assets over their remaining estimated useful lives. If the estimate of future undiscounted net cash flows is insufficient to recover the carrying value of the long-lived assets over the remaining estimated useful lives, we record an impairment loss in the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived assets exceeds the fair value. Fair value is generally measured based on discounted cash flow analysis.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the acquired business over the estimated fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level in the fourth quarter of each calendar year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the reporting unit might be impaired. Impairment loss, if any, is recognized based on a comparison of the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, without consideration of any recoverability. In assessing goodwill for impairment, we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative impairment test is performed. If we conclude that goodwill is impaired, an impairment charge is recorded to the extent that the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value.
F-13
Intangible Assets, net
Intangible assets consist of distribution rights acquired from the filler distribution agreement with Teoxane, SA (see Note 7) as well as intangible assets acquired from the HintMD Acquisition (see Note 4). Finite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization on the consolidated balance sheets, and are amortized on a ratable basis over their estimated useful life.
Clinical Trial Accruals
Clinical trial costs are charged to research and development expense as incurred. We accrue for expenses resulting from contracts with clinical research organizations (CROs), consultants, and clinical site agreements in connection with conducting clinical trials. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations, which vary from contract to contract and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided to us under such contracts. Our objective is to reflect the appropriate expense in the consolidated financial statements by matching the appropriate expenses with the period in which services and efforts are expended. In the event advance payments are made to a CRO, the payments will be recorded as a prepaid expense, which will be expensed as services are rendered.
The CRO contracts generally include pass-through fees including, but not limited to, regulatory expenses, investigator fees, travel costs and other miscellaneous costs. We determine accrual estimates through reports from and discussion with clinical personnel and outside services providers as to the progress or state of completion of trials, or the services completed. We estimate accrued expenses as of each balance sheet date based on the facts and circumstances known to us at that time. Our clinical trial accrual is dependent, in part, upon the receipt of timely and accurate reporting from the CROs and other third-party vendors.
Revenue
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606), using the full retrospective transition method. We elected to use certain practical expedients permitted related to adoption (Note 3) and the adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments. Under ASC 606, we recognize revenue when our customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services.
To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised within the contract and determine those that are performance obligations and assess whether each promised good or service is distinct. We then recognize as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.
In revenue arrangements involving third parties, we recognize revenue as the principal when we maintain control of the product or service until it is transferred to our customer; under other circumstances, we recognize revenue as an agent in the sales transaction. Determining whether we have control requires judgment over certain considerations, which generally include whether we are primarily responsible for the fulfillment of the underlying products or services, whether we have inventory risk before fulfillment is completed, and if we have discretion to establish prices over the products or services. We evaluate whether we are the principal or the agent in our revenue arrangements involving third parties should there be changes impacting control in transferring related goods or services to our customers.
F-14
Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by us from a customer, are excluded from revenue.
We currently generate product revenue substantially from the sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers (defined in Note 6), service revenue from payment processing and subscriptions to the platform, and collaboration revenue from an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar program with Viatris.
Product Revenue
Our product revenue is primarily generated from the sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to our customers. We sell the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers to our customers through our third-party distributor and maintain control throughout the sales transactions as the principal. We recognize revenue from product sales when control of the product transfers, generally upon delivery, to the customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we received or expect to receive in exchange for those goods as specified in the customer contract. We accept product returns under limited circumstances which generally include damages in transit or ineffective product. Service fees paid to the distributor associated with product logistics are accounted for as fulfillment costs and are included in cost of product revenue in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Service Revenue
We generate service revenue from charging customers subscription-based fees to use the HintMD platform and fees for payments processed through the HintMD platform. Our contracts with customers renew automatically unless cancelled and are generally for a term of one month.
Subscription-based fees are charged monthly for the use of our platform and on a per-patient account basis for patients actively enrolled in the subscription payment program. We typically invoice our customers for subscription-based services monthly in arrears. Our arrangements for subscription services typically consist of an obligation to provide services to the customers on a when and if needed basis (a stand-ready obligation), and revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the performance obligations ratably over each month, as we provide the platform services to customers.
We currently work with third-party partners to provide payment processing services in which we are the accounting agent in these arrangements. Payment processing services are charged on a rate per transaction basis (usage-based fees), with no minimum usage commitments. We recognize revenue generated from these transactions on a net basis.
Costs to Obtain Contracts with Customers
Certain costs to obtain a contract with a customer should be capitalized, to the extent recoverable from the associated contract margin, and subsequently amortized as the products or services are delivered to the customer inclusive of expected renewals. We expect such costs to generally include sales commissions and related fringe benefits. For similar contracts with which the expected delivery period is one year or less, we apply the practical expedient to expense such costs as incurred in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Otherwise such costs are capitalized on the consolidated balance sheets, and are amortized over the expected period of benefit to the customer. The determined period of benefit for payment processing and subscription services is subject to re-evaluation periodically.
Collaboration Revenue
We generate revenue from collaboration agreements, which are generally within the scope of ASC 606, where we license rights to certain intellectual property or certain product candidates and perform research and development services for third parties. The terms of these arrangements may include payment of one or more of the following: non-refundable upfront fees, milestone payments, and royalties on future net sales of licensed products.
Performance obligations are promises to transfer distinct goods or services to a customer. Promised goods or services are considered distinct when (i) the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or together with other readily available resources and (ii) the promised good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.
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We utilize judgment to assess whether the collaboration agreements include multiple distinct performance obligations or a single combined performance obligation. In assessing whether a promised good or service is distinct in the evaluation of a collaboration arrangement subject to ASC 606, we consider various promised goods or services within the arrangement including but not limited to intellectual property license granting, research, manufacturing and commercialization, along with the intended benefit of the contract in assessing whether one promise is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. We also consider the capabilities of the collaboration partner regarding these promised goods or services and the availability of the associated expertise in the general marketplace. If a promised good or service is not distinct, we are required to combine that good or service with other promised goods or services until we identify a bundle of goods or services that is distinct.
To estimate transaction price, which could include fixed consideration or variable consideration, ASC 606 provides two alternatives to use when estimating the amount of variable consideration: the expected value method and the most likely amount method. Under the expected value method, an entity considers the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Under the most likely amount method, an entity considers the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. The method selected can vary between contracts and is not a policy election; however, once determined, method should be consistently applied throughout the life of the contract.
For collaboration arrangements that include variable considerations such as development, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price if it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur. Milestone payments that are not within the control of us or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received.
For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, we recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied).
For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis.
We then assess the nature of the respective performance obligation to determine whether it is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring proportional performance for purposes of recognizing revenue. We evaluate the measure of proportional performance each reporting period and, if necessary, adjust the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.
At the end of each subsequent reporting period, we re-evaluate the probability of achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts our estimates of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development expense are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development expense include, but are not limited to, personnel expenses, clinical trial supplies, fees for clinical trial services, manufacturing costs, consulting costs and allocated overhead, including rent, equipment, depreciation, and utilities. Assets acquired that are utilized in research and development that have no alternative future use are also expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
We account for current and deferred income taxes by assessing and reporting tax assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet and our statement of operations and comprehensive loss. We estimate current income tax exposure and temporary differences which result from differences in accounting under U.S. GAAP and tax purposes for certain items, such as accruals and allowances not currently deductible for tax purposes. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets or liabilities. In general, deferred tax assets represent future tax benefits to be received when certain expenses
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previously recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss become deductible expenses under applicable income tax laws or when net operating loss or credit carryforwards are utilized. Accordingly, realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income against which these deductions, losses and credits can be utilized. Likewise, deferred tax liabilities represent future tax liabilities to be settled when certain amounts of income previously reported in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss become realizable income under applicable income tax laws.
We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using tax rates applicable to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled and provides a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets when we cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that some or all deferred tax assets will be realized. Based on the available evidence, we are unable, at this time, to support the determination that it is more likely than not that its net deferred tax assets will be utilized in the future. Accordingly, we recorded a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. We intend to maintain such a valuation allowance until sufficient evidence exists to support its reversal.
We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it expects that its tax positions are more likely than not that they will be sustained, based on the technical merits of the positions, on examination by the jurisdictional tax authority. We recognize any accrued interest and penalties to unrecognized tax benefits as interest expense and income tax expense, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation
We measure our stock-based awards using the estimated grant-date fair values. For stock options issued and shares purchased under the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2014 ESPP”), fair values are determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For restricted stock awards including performance stock awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions, the grant-date fair values are the closing prices of our common stocks on the grant dates. For performance stock awards subject to market-based vesting conditions, fair values are determined using the Monte-Carlo simulation model.
For stock-based awards other than performance stock awards not subject to market-based vesting conditions, the value of the stock-based awards is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). For performance stock awards not subject to market-based vesting conditions, the value of the stock-based awards is recognized as compensation expense when the performance condition is probable of achievement. Stock-based compensation expenses are classified in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on the functional area to which the related recipients belong. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur.
Effective July 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) using a retroactive approach. All non-employee stock-based awards granted prior to adoption were remeasured at fair value as of July 1, 2018. Before adoption, stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employee consultants was recognized as the stock options are earned. All non-employee stock-based awards granted after adoption are measured at grant-date fair value. Refer to consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for cumulative adjustments from adoption ASU 2018-07.
Contingencies
From time to time, we may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. We accrue a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and can be reasonably estimated. We expect that contingencies related to regulatory approval milestones will only become probable once such regulatory outcome is achieved. We are not subject to any known current pending legal matters or claims that would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Net Loss per Share
Our basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, which includes the vested restricted stock awards. The diluted net loss per share is calculated by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, underlying shares of convertible senior notes at the initial conversion price, outstanding stock options, outstanding common stock warrants, unvested restricted stock awards and performance stock awards, and shares of common stock expected to be purchased under 2014 ESPP are considered common stock equivalents, which were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been antidilutive.
Common stock equivalents that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share are presented as below:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes | 8,878,938 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Outstanding common stock options | 5,716,744 | 4,734,616 | 3,605,333 | ||||||||||||||
| Unvested restricted stock awards and performance stock awards | 3,546,303 | 1,808,518 | 605,012 | ||||||||||||||
| Outstanding common stock warrants | — | 34,113 | 34,113 | ||||||||||||||
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which modifies the measurement and recognition of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments. The new standard requires the use of forward-looking expected credit loss models based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount, which may result in earlier recognition of credit losses under the new standard. The new guidance also modifies the impairment models for available-for-sale debt securities and for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination. Subsequently, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which did not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13, instead these amendments are intended to clarify and improve applications of certain topics included within the credit losses standard. The FASB then issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which did not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13 but clarified that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed amounts previously written off and expected to be written off. Upon adoption of the ASUs above, accounts receivable are stated at amortized cost less allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses reflects the best estimate of future losses over the contractual life of outstanding accounts receivable and is determined on the basis of historical experience, specific allowances known for troubled accounts, other currently available information including customer financial condition, and both current and forecasted economic conditions. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill assuming a hypothetical purchase price allocation (i.e., Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This standard should be adopted when the entities perform the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 and applied the guidance during our annual goodwill impairment test for the year ending December 31, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract. The amendments in ASU 2018-15 align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We adopted ASU 2018-15 on January 1, 2020 on a prospective basis. There were no material impact to our consolidated financial statements as a result of the adoption.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The amendments in ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. Among other changes, ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments by removing certain requirements to separately account for conversion options embedded in debt instruments that are not required to be accounted for as derivative instruments. ASU 2020-06 also updates and improves the consistency of earnings per share calculations for convertible instruments. ASU 2020-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and can be adopted on either a fully retrospective or modified retrospective basis. On January 1, 2021, we adopted ASU 2020-06 using the modified retrospective method and the adoption did not have any impact for our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020. As a result of the adoption, on January 1, 2021, we made certain adjustments on our consolidated balance sheets which consisted of an increase of $98.9 million in Convertible Senior Notes (the 2027 Notes as defined in Note 12), a decrease of $108.5 million in Additional Paid-in Capital and a decrease of $9.7 million in Accumulated Deficit. Additionally, from January 1, 2021, we will no longer incur non-cash interest expense for the amortization of debt discount after adoption, therefore the interest expense for the 2027 Notes, which is included in the Interest Expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, will be lower comparing to fiscal year 2020.
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3. Revenue
Our revenue is generated from U.S. customers. Our product and collaboration revenue is generated from the Product Segment, and our service revenue is generated from the Service Segment (Note 18). The following tables present our revenues disaggregated by timing of transfer of goods or services:
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Product Revenue | Collaboration Revenue | Service Revenue | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Timing of revenue recognition: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transferred at a point in time | $ | 12,877 | $ | — | $ | 126 | $ | 13,003 | |||||||||||||||
| Transferred over time | — | 2,031 | 291 | 2,322 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 12,877 | $ | 2,031 | $ | 417 | $ | 15,325 | |||||||||||||||
Product Revenue
Substantially all product revenue was generated from the sale of the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers.
Collaboration Revenue
Viatris Collaboration and License Agreement
Agreement Terms
We entered into a collaboration and license agreement with Viatris Inc. (formerly Mylan N.V.) (the “Viatris Collaboration”) in February 2018, pursuant to which we agreed to collaborate with Viatris exclusively, on a world-wide basis (excluding Japan), to develop, manufacture, and commercialize a biosimilar to the branded biologic product (onabotulinumtoxinA) marketed as BOTOX® (“an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar”). Viatris provided us with written notice and decided to continue the development and commercialization of an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar beyond the initial development plan (the “Continuation Decision”) in May 2020, and paid a $30 million milestone payment in connection with the Continuation Decision in June 2020.
Viatris has paid us an aggregate of $60 million in non-refundable fees as of December 31, 2020, and the agreement provides for additional remaining contingent payments of up to $70 million in the aggregate, upon the achievement of certain clinical and regulatory milestones and of specified, tiered sales milestones of up to $225 million. The payments do not represent a financing component for the transfer of goods or services.
Revenue Recognition
We re-evaluate the transaction price at each reporting period. We estimated the transaction price for the Viatris Collaboration using the most likely amount method. In order to determine the transaction price, we evaluated all of the payments to be received during the duration of the contract, which included milestones and consideration payable by Viatris. Other than the upfront payment, all other milestones and consideration we may earn under the Viatris Collaboration are subject to uncertainties related to development achievements, Viatris’ rights to terminate the agreement, and estimated effort for cost-sharing payments. Components of such estimated effort for cost-sharing payments include both internal and external costs. Consequently, the transaction price does not include any milestones and considerations that, if included, could result in a probable significant reversal of revenue when related uncertainties become resolved. Sales-based milestones and royalties are not included in the transaction price until the sales occur because the underlying value relates to the license and the license is the predominant feature in the Viatris Collaboration. As of December 31, 2020, the transaction price allocated to the unfulfilled performance obligations was $104.2 million.
We recognize revenue and estimate deferred revenue based on the cost of development service incurred over the total estimated cost of development service to be provided for the development period. For revenue recognition purposes, the
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development period is estimated to continue through 2025. It is possible that this period will change and is assessed at each reporting date.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized revenue related to development services of $2.0 million, $0.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019 we estimated short-term deferred revenue of $7.9 million for both periods; and long-term deferred revenue of $46.3 million and $18.0 million, respectively.
Fosun License Agreement
Agreement Terms
In December 2018, we entered into a license agreement (the “Fosun License Agreement”) with Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical Industrial Development Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd (“Fosun”), whereby we granted Fosun the exclusive rights to develop and commercialize our proprietary DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau (the “Fosun Territory”) and certain sublicense rights.
Fosun has paid us non-refundable upfront and other payments totaling $31.0 million before foreign withholding taxes as of December 31, 2020. We are also eligible to receive (i) additional remaining contingent payments of up to $229.5 million upon the achievement of certain milestones based on (a) the approval of biologics license applications (“BLAs”) for certain aesthetic and therapeutic indications and (b) first calendar year net sales, and (ii) tiered royalty payments in low double digits to high teen percentages on annual net sales. The royalty percentages are subject to reduction in the event that (i) we do not have any valid and unexpired patent claims that cover the product in the Fosun Territory, (ii) biosimilars of the product are sold in the Fosun Territory or (iii) Fosun needs to pay compensation to third parties to either avoid patent infringement or market the product in the Fosun Territory.
Revenue Recognition
We estimated the transaction price for the Fosun License Agreement using the most likely amount method. We evaluated all of the variable payments to be received during the duration of the contract, which included payments from specified milestones, royalties, and estimated supplies to be delivered. We will re-evaluate the transaction price at each reporting period and upon a change in circumstances. As of December 31, 2020, the transaction price allocated to unfulfilled performance obligation is $31 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, $15,030 of revenue has been recognized from the Fosun License Agreement, which were included in the Product Revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. No revenue has been recognized from the Fosun License Agreement for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Substantially all payments received to date were included in long-term deferred revenue as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Service Revenue
Following the HintMD Acquisition in July 2020 (Note 4), we began to offer customer payment processing and subscription services through our HintMD platform to aesthetic practices. Revenue related to the payment processing service is recognized at a point in time, whereas revenue related to the subscription service is recognized over time.
4 Business Combination
On July 23, 2020, we completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding shares of Hint, Inc. (d/b/a HintMD) (the “HintMD Acquisition”), pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 18, 2020, (the “HintMD Merger Agreement”), by and among Revance, Heart Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and our direct wholly-owned subsidiary, HintMD, and Fortis Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as the security holder’s
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representative. The HintMD platform provides an integrated smart payment solution that supports aesthetic practice management, practice economics and practice loyalty.
Upon completion of the HintMD Acquisition, each share of capital stock of HintMD that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to July 23, 2020 was automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive approximately 0.3235 shares of our common stock. In addition, outstanding and unexercised options to purchase shares of HintMD common stock immediately prior to July 23, 2020 under the Hint, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “HintMD Plan”), excluding stock options held by former employees or former service providers of HintMD, whether or not vested, were assumed and subsequently converted based on the conversion ratio defined in the HintMD Merger Agreement into options to purchase shares of our common stock, with the awards retaining the same vesting and other terms and conditions as in effect immediately prior to consummation of the HintMD Acquisition. The total number of shares of our common stock issued as consideration for the HintMD Acquisition was 8,572,213, including (i) 683,200 shares of our common stock which will be held in an escrow fund for purposes of satisfying any post-closing purchase price adjustments or indemnification claims under the HintMD Merger Agreement and (ii) assumed options to purchase an aggregate of 801,600 shares of our common stock.
Mark J. Foley, President, Chief Executive Officer and a director of Revance, was a former director and equity holder of HintMD. The shares of HintMD capital stock beneficially owned by Mr. Foley prior to July 23, 2020 were automatically cancelled and converted into the right to receive shares of our common stock in accordance with the terms of the HintMD Merger Agreement.
Consideration Transferred
The following table summarizes the consideration transferred in the HintMD Acquisition:
| (in thousands) | July 23, 2020 | |||||||
Fair value of Revance common stock issued to HintMD stockholders (1) | $ | 182,280 | ||||||
Fair value of Revance replacement stock option awards attributable to pre-combination service (2) | 5,810 | |||||||
Cash consideration (3) | 1,483 | |||||||
| Total consideration transferred | $ | 189,573 | ||||||
(1)Represents the fair value of equity consideration issued to HintMD shareholders, consisting of approximately 7,756,765 shares (excluding assumed HintMD stock options to purchase an aggregate of 801,600 shares of our common stock), at $23.50 per share (the closing price of shares of our common stock on July 23, 2020), and adjusted for estimated net debt and working capital amounts.
(2)Represents stock option awards held by HintMD employees prior to the acquisition date that have been assumed and converted into our stock-based awards. The portion of the stock option awards related to services performed by employees prior to the acquisition date is included within the consideration transferred.
(3)Represents certain HintMD pre-acquisition liabilities paid by Revance.
The HintMD Acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method required that assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. We used certified valuation specialists to assist with assigning estimated fair values to certain acquired assets. In the fourth quarter of 2020, and as a result of finalizing certain tax-related areas, we recorded $0.2 million increase in Prepaid expenses and other current assets, $2.7 million increase in Deferred tax liability, and $2.5 million net increase in Goodwill to the preliminary estimates. We have completed the valuation as of December 31, 2020.
The post-combination effect from net deferred tax liability assumed from the HintMD Acquisition also caused a release of our consolidated income tax valuation allowance. The release resulted in an income tax benefit of $2.7 million. Refer to Note 16 for additional discussion of our valuation allowance.
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The following table summarizes the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
| (in thousands) | July 23, 2020 | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 665 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | 93 | |||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 453 | |||||||
| Property and equipment | 77 | |||||||
| Intangible assets | 46,200 | |||||||
| Total assets acquired | 47,488 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | (53) | |||||||
| Accruals and other current liabilities | (2,106) | |||||||
| Deferred tax liability | (2,720) | |||||||
| Total liabilities assumed | (4,879) | |||||||
| Total identifiable net assets | 42,609 | |||||||
Goodwill (1) | 146,964 | |||||||
Total fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed | $ | 189,573 | ||||||
(1)The assigned value of $147.0 million in goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The recognized goodwill is attributable to the assembled workforce of HintMD and the anticipated synergies and cost savings expected to be achieved from the operations of the combined company. None of the goodwill resulting from the acquisition is deductible for tax purposes and all of the goodwill acquired was assigned to the Service reporting unit.
Significant judgment was exercised in determining the fair value of the intangible assets acquired, which included estimates and assumptions related to the revenue growth rate and technology migration curve. In-process research and development relates to the research and development of payment facilitator technology to facilitate the processing of customer payments. Similar to the valuation method used for developed technology, the in-process research and development was valued utilizing the multi-period excess earnings method and was determined to have no defined life based on the current stage of development of the research projects of HintMD on July 23, 2020. No amortization expense has been recorded since July 23, 2020 as the assets have not yet been completed and placed into service. Upon completion of the associated research and development activities, the asset’s useful life will be determined. Prior to completion of these research and development activities, the intangible assets will be subject to annual impairment tests, or more frequent tests in the event of any impairment indicators occurring. These impairment tests require significant judgment regarding the status of the research activities, the potential for future revenues to be derived from any products that may result from those activities, and other factors.
The following table summarizes the intangible assets acquired in the HintMD Acquisition as of July 23, 2020.
| Fair Value | Useful Life | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for in years) | (in thousands) | (in years) | |||||||||
| Developed technology | $ | 19,600 | 6 | ||||||||
| In-process research and development | 16,200 | N/A | |||||||||
| Customer relationships | 10,300 | 4 | |||||||||
| Tradename | 100 | 1 | |||||||||
| Total intangible assets acquired | $ | 46,200 | |||||||||
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Transaction Costs
For the year ended December 31, 2020, transaction costs for the HintMD Acquisition were $3.9 million. These costs were associated with legal and professional services and recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Financial Results
Since the acquisition date of July 23, 2020, HintMD contributed $0.4 million of the consolidated net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are included in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For the year ended December 31, 2020, HintMD also contributed loss from operations of $6.2 million, which excluded unallocated corporate and other expenses as defined in Note 18.
Supplemental Pro Forma Information
The following supplemental unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations for each of the periods presented, as if the HintMD Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2019. The pro forma financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only, based on currently available information and certain estimates and assumptions we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and is not necessarily indicative of future results of operations or the results that would have been reported if the HintMD Acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2019. These results were not used as a part of our analysis of the financial results and performance of the business. These results are adjusted and do not include any anticipated synergies or other expected benefits of the acquisition.
The supplemental unaudited pro forma financial information for the periods presented is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 15,766 | $ | 1,692 | |||||||
| Net loss | $ | (293,560) | $ | (186,751) | |||||||
Significant non-recurring pro forma adjustments include the following:
•Transaction costs of $3.9 million were assumed to have been incurred on January 1, 2019 and were recognized as if incurred in the first quarter of 2019.
•Share-based compensation expense of $1.3 million was assumed to have been incurred on January 1, 2019 and was recognized as if incurred in the first quarter of 2019. Such share-based compensation was related to stock awards held by HintMD employees prior to July 23, 2020 that have been assumed and converted into our stock awards.
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5. Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments
The following table is a summary of our cash equivalents and short-term investments, amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses, and fair value:
| December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost | Fair Value | Cost | Unrealized | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Gains | Losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | 267,130 | $ | 267,130 | $ | 136,258 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 136,258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | 113,446 | 113,446 | 77,082 | — | — | 77,082 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury securities | — | — | 48,349 | 6 | — | 48,355 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overnight repurchase agreements | — | — | 15,001 | — | — | 15,001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agency obligations | — | — | 5,993 | 2 | (5) | 5,990 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities | $ | 380,576 | $ | 380,576 | $ | 282,683 | $ | 8 | $ | (5) | $ | 282,686 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classified as: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash equivalents | $ | 277,629 | $ | 163,731 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | 102,947 | 118,955 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities | $ | 380,576 | $ | 282,686 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we have no other-than-temporary impairments on our available-for-sale securities, and the contractual maturities of the available-for-sale securities are less than one-year.
6. Filler Distribution Agreement
In January 2020, we entered into an exclusive distribution agreement (the “Teoxane Agreement”) with Teoxane SA (“Teoxane”), pursuant to which Teoxane granted us the exclusive right to import, market, promote, sell and distribute Teoxane’s line of Resilient Hyaluronic Acid® (“RHA®”) dermal fillers in exchange for 2,500,000 shares of our common stock and certain other commitments by us. The Teoxane Agreement includes rights to (i) RHA® 2, RHA® 3 and RHA® 4, which have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) for the correction of moderate to severe dynamic facial wrinkles and folds (the “RHA® Collection of dermal fillers”), (ii) RHA® 1, which is currently in the premarket approval (“PMA”) application process for the treatment of perioral rhytids (lip lines), and is currently in ongoing clinical trials, and (iii) future hyaluronic acid filler advancements and products by Teoxane (collectively the “RHA® Pipeline Products") in the U.S. and U.S. territories and possessions. The Teoxane Agreement will be effective for a term of ten years upon product launch and may be extended for two years upon the mutual agreement of the parties. We are required to meet certain minimum purchase obligations and certain minimum expenditure requirements, which are discussed in Note 17.
If Teoxane pursues regulatory approval for RHA® Pipeline Products for certain new indications or filler technologies, including innovations with respect to existing products in the U.S., we will be subject to certain specified cost-sharing arrangements for third party expenses incurred in achieving regulatory approval for such products. We will also have a right of first negotiation with respect to any cosmeceutical products that Teoxane wishes to distribute in the U.S, and Teoxane will have a right of first negotiation in connection with the distribution of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for aesthetic use outside the U.S. and U.S. territories where Teoxane has an affiliate.
The Teoxane Agreement was accounted for as an asset acquisition for the distribution rights of various approved and unapproved products and indications. The aggregate purchase consideration for the distribution rights was $43.5 million, consisting of the fair value of the 2,500,000 shares transferred to Teoxane and transaction costs. The purchase consideration was allocated to the underlying groups of approved and unapproved products based on their relative fair values, of which $11.2 million is allocated to certain unapproved products and future innovations, or in-process research and development
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assets, and was recognized as research and development expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The remaining purchase consideration was allocated to the currently approved products and indications, and is recognized as an intangible asset on the consolidated balance sheets. The distribution rights to approved products and indications are amortized over approximately 4 years commenced upon the first delivery of RHA® Collection of dermal fillers products from Teoxane in June 2020. Refer to Note 7 for further details.
7. Intangible Assets
The following table sets forth the intangible assets and the remaining useful lives for the intangible assets:
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except for in years) | Remaining Useful Lives (in years) | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution rights | 3.4 | $ | 32,334 | $ | (4,715) | $ | 27,619 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | 5.6 | 19,600 | (1,362) | 18,238 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-process research and development | N/A | 16,200 | — | 16,200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 3.6 | 10,300 | (1,072) | 9,228 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tradename | 0.6 | 100 | (42) | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | 78,534 | $ | (7,191) | $ | 71,343 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the aggregate amortization expense of intangible assets was $7.2 million, of which $6.1 million was recorded to “Amortization” in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss and it was related to the amortization of Distribution rights and Developed technology, the remaining $1.1 million was recorded to “Selling, general and administrative” in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. No amortization expense of the intangible assets was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Based on the amount of intangible assets subject to amortization as of December 31, 2020, the estimated amortization expense for each of the next five fiscal years and thereafter was as follows:
| Year Ending December 31, | (in thousands) | ||||
| 2021 | $ | 13,983 | |||
| 2022 | 13,925 | ||||
| 2023 | 13,925 | ||||
| 2024 | 8,137 | ||||
| 2025 | 3,267 | ||||
| 2026 and thereafter | 1,906 | ||||
| Total | $ | 55,143 | |||
8. Inventories
As of December 31, 2020, our inventories of $5.9 million consisted of only finished goods, which are the purchased RHA® Collection of dermal fillers from Teoxane.
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9. Balance Sheet Components
Accruals and Other Current Liabilities
Accruals and other current liabilities consist of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Accruals related to: | |||||||||||
| Compensation | $ | 17,374 | $ | 7,933 | |||||||
| General expenses | 5,683 | 4,751 | |||||||||
| Clinical trials | 3,726 | 4,746 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,887 | — | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,796 | — | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 1,472 | 206 | |||||||||
| Nonrecurring milestone payment | 1,000 | 1,000 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 32,938 | $ | 18,636 | |||||||
We reclassified categories of accruals for balances as of December 31, 2019 in order to be comparable with balances as of December 31, 2020. Therefore, the balances as of December 31, 2019 are different from the balances reflected in Part IV, Item 15. “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules—Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 7. Balance Sheet Components” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Property and Equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consists of the following:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Manufacturing equipment | $ | 19,810 | $ | 19,113 | |||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 5,972 | 5,374 | |||||||||
| Construction in progress | 4,927 | 2,386 | |||||||||
| Computer software | 2,972 | 2,040 | |||||||||
| Computer equipment | 1,768 | 1,505 | |||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | 1,541 | 1,203 | |||||||||
| Total property and equipment | 36,990 | 31,621 | |||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (19,491) | (16,866) | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 17,499 | $ | 14,755 | |||||||
10. Derivative Liability
In 2012, we entered into a settlement agreement in which we are obligated to pay $4.0 million upon achieving regulatory approval for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection or DaxibotulinumtoxinA Topical. We determined that such payment was a derivative instrument that requires fair value accounting as a liability and periodic fair value remeasurement until settled. The fair value of the derivative liability is determined by estimating the timing and probability of the related regulatory approval and multiplying the payment amount by this probability percentage and a discount factor. The changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. We will continue to record adjustments to the fair value of the derivative liability until the $4.0 million settlement payment has been paid.
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As of December 31, 2019, the fair value of the derivative liability was $3.0 million, which was measured using a term of 0.9 years based on an expected BLA approval in 2020, a risk-free rate of 1.6% and a credit risk adjustment of 7.5%. As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of the derivative liability was $3.1 million, which was measured using a term of 0.5 years based on an expected BLA approval in 2020, a risk-free rate of 0.1% and a credit risk adjustment of 7.5%.
11. Leases
We have non-cancelable operating leases for facilities for research, manufacturing, and administrative functions, and equipment operating leases. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a facility operating lease commenced in November 2020 with the lease term ending in 2027. The monthly payments for the facility lease escalate over the facility lease term. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average remaining lease term is 6.0 years and 7.0 years, respectively. Our lease contracts do not contain termination options, residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.
The operating lease costs are summarized as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 5,932 | $ | 5,618 | |||||||
Variable lease cost (1) | 912 | 1,184 | |||||||||
| Total operating lease costs | $ | 6,844 | $ | 6,802 | |||||||
(1)Variable lease cost includes management fees, common area maintenance, property taxes, and insurance, which are not included in the lease liabilities and are expensed as incurred.
As of December 31, 2020, maturities of our operating lease liabilities are as follows:
| Year Ending December 31, | (in thousands) | ||||
| 2021 | $ | 7,649 | |||
| 2022 | 6,613 | ||||
| 2023 | 6,741 | ||||
| 2024 | 6,952 | ||||
| 2025 | 7,165 | ||||
| 2026 and thereafter | 8,003 | ||||
| Total operating lease payments | 43,123 | ||||
Less imputed interest (1) | (11,540) | ||||
| Present value of operating lease payments | $ | 31,583 | |||
(1)Our lease contracts do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the imputed interest was based on a weighted average discount rate of 10.6% and 12.0%, respectively, which represents the estimated incremental borrowing based on the information available at the adoption or commencement dates.
Supplemental cash flow information related to the operating leases was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 6,790 | $ | 6,339 | |||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | 5,683 | $ | 3,890 | |||||||
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Leases Not Yet Commenced
In November 2020, we entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for an office space in Nashville, Tennessee. The arrangement also provides a temporary space that does not qualify as a lease. As of December 31, 2020, the accounting commencement date of the primary office lease had not occurred and it is expected to take place when the office space is made available to us after the completion of certain improvement work, which is expected in June 2021. The lease has a term of 150 months from the commencement date defined in the lease. We have an option to extend the lease for one seven-year term. The monthly base rent payments for the lease escalate over the term. The total undiscounted base rent payments determinable are $22.9 million.
In December 2020, we entered into the ABPS Amendment, which is a manufacturing and supply agreement. The ABPS Amendment contains a lease related to a dedicated fill-and finish-line for the manufacturing of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection. This embedded lease had not commenced as of December 31, 2020. The details for the ABPS Amendment and the lease obligations are discussed below in Note 17.
12. Convertible Senior Notes
On February 14, 2020, we issued $287.5 million aggregate principle amount of convertible senior notes that are due in 2027 (the “2027 Notes”) pursuant to an indenture, dated February 14, 2020, between Revance and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Indenture”). The 2027 Notes are senior unsecured obligations and bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2020. The 2027 Notes will mature on February 15, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. In connection with issuing the 2027 Notes, we received $278.3 million in net proceeds, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount, commissions, and other issuance costs. A portion of the net proceeds from the 2027 Notes were used to purchase the capped call transactions described below and the remainder will be used to fund expenses associated with commercial launch activities for both the RHA® Collection of dermal fillers and, if approved, DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for glabellar lines, research and development, and other corporate activities.
The 2027 Notes may be converted at any time by the holders prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding November 15, 2026 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on June 30, 2020 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of our common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any ten consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of the 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of our common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if we call any or all of the 2027 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after November 15, 2026 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2027 Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, at our election.
The conversion rate will initially be 30.8804 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2027 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $32.38 per share of our common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if we deliver a notice of redemption, we will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such a corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be.
Contractually, we may not redeem the 2027 Notes prior to February 20, 2024. We may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2027 Notes, at our option, on or after February 20, 2024 if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any
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30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which we provide notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2027 Notes.
If we undergo a fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture), holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2027 Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
In accounting for the issuance of the 2027 Notes, we separated the 2027 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was $175.4 million, which was calculated by using a discount rate of 9.5%, which was estimated to be our borrowing rate on the issuance date for a similar debt instrument without the conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component was $112.1 million, which represents the conversion option, and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2027 Notes. The equity component of the 2027 Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets and will not be subsequently remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The difference between the principal amount of the 2027 Notes and the liability component (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss using the effective interest method over the term of the 2027 Notes.
Total transaction costs for the issuance of the 2027 Notes were $9.2 million, consisting of the initial purchasers’ discount, commissions, and other issuance costs. We allocated the total transaction costs proportionally to the liability and equity components. The transaction costs attributed to the liability component were $5.6 million, which were recorded as debt issuance costs (presented as contra debt in our consolidated balance sheets) and are amortized to interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss over the term of the 2027 Notes. The transaction costs attributed to the equity component were $3.6 million, which were included in additional paid-in capital.
Interest expense relating to the 2027 Notes in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss are summarized as follows:
| Year Ended | |||||
| (in thousands) | December 31, 2020 | ||||
| Contractual interest expense | $ | 4,416 | |||
Amortization of debt discount (1) | 10,393 | ||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs (2) | 333 | ||||
| Total interest expense | $ | 15,142 | |||
(1)The effective interest rate on the liability component of the 2027 Notes was 9.5% for the year ended December 31, 2020, which remained unchanged from the issuance date. As of December 31, 2020, the unamortized debt discount was $101.7 million and will be amortized over 6.1 years.
(2)As of December 31, 2020, the unamortized debt issuance cost for the 2027 Notes was $5.3 million on the consolidated balance sheets.
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As of December 31, 2020, the convertible senior notes on the consolidated balance sheets represented the carrying amount of the liability component of the 2027 Notes, net of unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs, which are summarized as follows:
| (in thousands) | December 31, 2020 | ||||
| 2027 Notes | $ | 287,500 | |||
| Less: Unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs | (106,974) | ||||
| Carrying amount of 2027 Notes | $ | 180,526 | |||
Capped Call Transactions
Concurrently with the 2027 Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with one of the initial purchasers and another financial institution (the “option counterparties”) and used $28.9 million of the net proceeds from the 2027 Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilutive effect upon conversion of the 2027 Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2027 Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a price cap of $48.88 of our common stock per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of our common stock on February 10, 2020. The capped calls have an initial strike price of $32.38 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the conversion option strike price in the 2027 Notes. The capped call transactions cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 8.9 million shares of our common stock.
The capped call transactions are separate transactions that we entered into with the option counterparties and are not part of the terms of the 2027 Notes. As the capped call transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the premium paid of $28.9 million was recorded as a reduction in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets, and will not be remeasured to fair value as long as the accounting criteria continue to be met. As of December 31, 2020, we had not purchased any shares under the capped call transactions.
13. Stock-Based Compensation
Equity Compensation Plans
We maintain four equity compensation plans: 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 EIP”), Amended and Restated 2014 Inducement Plan (the “2014 IN”), the HintMD Plan, and 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2014 ESPP”). Under the 2014 EIP, 2014 IN and the HintMD Plan, stock options may be granted with different vesting terms with maximum contractual term of 10 years from the grant dates. Under the 2014 EIP, the 2014 IN and the HintMD Plan, stock options typically vest over four years, either with 25% of the total grant vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and 1/36th of the remaining grant vesting each month thereafter or 1/48th vesting monthly; restricted stock awards typically vest annually over 1, 3, or 4 years.
Effective January 1, 2020, equity compensation to new and existing employees below the vice president level was revised to restricted stock awards only. Prior to this change, equity compensation to employees generally included a combination of stock options and restricted stock awards.
2014 EIP
The 2014 EIP was effective on February 5, 2014, and the plan provides for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation to qualified employees, directors and consultants. The common stock shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 EIP will automatically increase each year on January 1st from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2024 by 4% of our total common stock shares outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year or a lesser number of shares determined by our Board of Directors. On January 1, 2020, the common stock shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 EIP increased by 2,094,989 shares, and on January 1, 2021, the common stock shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 EIP increased by
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2,767,146 shares. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 1,037,675 stock options and 1,876,025 restricted stock awards, including 215,000 performance stock awards, were granted under the 2014 EIP. As of December 31, 2020, 466,001 common stock shares were available for issuance under the 2014 EIP.
2014 IN
The 2014 IN was effective on August 29, 2014, and the plan provides for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, and other forms of equity compensation exclusively to individuals that were not previously employees or directors of us, as an inducement material to the individual’s entry into employment with us Stockholder approval of the 2014 IN was not required pursuant to Rule 5635 (c)(4) of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. On July 23, 2020, the 2014 IN was amended and restated to increase the number of common stock shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 EIP by 1,089,400 shares. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 949,196 restricted stock awards were granted under the 2014 IN. As of December 31, 2020, 501,488 common stock shares were available for issuance under the 2014 IN.
HintMD Plan
On July 23, 2020, in connection with the HintMD Acquisition and based on the HintMD Merger Agreement (Note 4), we registered 1,260,946 shares under the HintMD Plan. For the year ended December 31, 2020, options to purchase 801,600 shares of our common stock were granted under the HintMD Plan, which represented the converted stock options assumed pursuant to the HintMD Merger Agreement, and 47,367 restricted stock awards were granted under the HintMD Plan. The total post-combination incremental stock-based compensation was $11.3 million, of which $1.3 million was immediately expensed in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss on acquisition date, and the remaining is expected to be recognized over the requisite service periods. As of December 31, 2020, 430,639 shares were available for issuance under the HintMD Plan.
2014 ESPP
The 2014 ESPP was effective on February 5, 2014, and the plan provides employees with an opportunity to purchase our common stock through accumulated payroll deductions. The common stock shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP will automatically increase each year on January 1st from January 1, 2015 to January 1, 2024 by the lesser of (i) 1% of the total common stock shares outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year, (ii) 300,000 common stock shares or (iii) a lesser number of common stock shares determined by our Board of Directors. On January 1, 2020, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP increased by 300,000 shares, and on January 1, 2021, the common stock shares reserved for issuance under the 2014 ESPP increased by 300,000 shares. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 94,205 common stock shares were issued to employees under the 2014 ESPP. As of December 31, 2020, 1,609,800 common stock shares were available for issuance under the 2014 ESPP.
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Stock Options
The following table summarizes our stock option activities:
| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2017 | 3,210,400 | $ | 20.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,136,650 | $ | 28.30 | $ | 16.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (293,100) | $ | 15.45 | $ | 1,519 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (448,617) | $ | 25.59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2018 | 3,605,333 | $ | 22.66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,976,750 | $ | 14.53 | $ | 8.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (10,135) | $ | 11.76 | $ | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (837,332) | $ | 22.40 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2019 | 4,734,616 | $ | 19.34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Granted | 1,037,675 | $ | 22.71 | $ | 13.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assumed in acquisition (2) | 801,600 | $ | 2.20 | $ | 21.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (624,832) | $ | 8.40 | $ | 12,460 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (232,315) | $ | 19.94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | 5,716,744 | $ | 18.72 | 6.3 | $ | 58,440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable as of December 31, 2020 | 3,287,740 | $ | 20.51 | 4.6 | $ | 29,057 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)The total intrinsic values of options exercised as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were determined by multiplying the number of shares by the difference between exercise price of the stock options and the fair value of the common stock as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 of $28.34, $16.23 and $20.13 per share, respectively. The intrinsic values of outstanding and exercisable options were determined by multiplying the number of shares by the difference in exercise price of the options and the fair value of the common stock as of December 31, 2020.
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Restricted Stock Awards
The following table summarizes our activities of restricted stock awards, including performance stock awards:
| Shares | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share | ||||||||||
| Unvested balance as of December 31, 2017 | 639,287 | $ | 20.86 | ||||||||
| Granted | 373,500 | $ | 28.37 | ||||||||
| Vested | (235,307) | $ | 20.25 | ||||||||
| Forfeited | (172,468) | $ | 24.83 | ||||||||
| Unvested balance as of December 31, 2018 | 605,012 | $ | 24.61 | ||||||||
| Granted | 1,640,275 | $ | 12.78 | ||||||||
| Vested | (244,038) | $ | 23.80 | ||||||||
| Forfeited | (192,731) | $ | 21.47 | ||||||||
| Unvested balance as of December 31, 2019 | 1,808,518 | $ | 14.32 | ||||||||
| Granted | 2,872,588 | $ | 22.94 | ||||||||
| Vested | (865,105) | $ | 15.93 | ||||||||
| Forfeited | (269,698) | $ | 22.56 | ||||||||
| Unvested balance as of December 31, 2020 | 3,546,303 | $ | 21.27 | ||||||||
We have performance stock awards that vest based on certain market and performance conditions since 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2019, performance stock awards of 865,000 shares were granted with weighted-average grant-date fair value of $10.78 per share and all 865,000 shares were unvested as of December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, performance stock awards of 215,000 shares were granted with weighted-average grant-date fair value of $23.00 per share, and 376,250 shares were vested with weighted-average grant-date fair value of $13.06 per share. As of December 31, 2020, performance stock awards of 703,750 were unvested with weighted-average grant-date fair value of $18.10 per share.
Stock-based Awards Valuation
Stock Option and 2014 ESPP Shares
The fair value of both stock options and the option component of shares purchased under our 2014 ESPP was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The description of the significant assumptions used in the model are as follows:
•Fair Value of Common Stock. The fair value of the common stock shares is based on our stock price as quoted by the Nasdaq.
•Expected Term. For stock options, the expected term is based on the simplified method, as our stock options have the following characteristics: (i) granted at-the-money; (ii) exercisability is conditioned upon service through the vesting date; (iii) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (iv) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (v) options are non-transferable and non-hedgeable, or “plain vanilla” options, and we have limited history of exercise data. For stock options granted to non-employees before adoption of ASU 2018-07 on July 1, 2018 (Note 2), the expected term is based on the remaining contractual term. For ESPP, the expected term is based on the term of the purchase period under the 2014 ESPP.
•Expected Volatility. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of a group of similar entities combined with the historical volatility of us. In evaluating
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similarity, we considered factors such as industry, stage of life cycle, capital structure, and company size. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the expected volatility was calculated based on our historical stock prices.
•Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury constant maturity rates with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the stock options.
•Expected Dividend Rate. We use an expected dividend rate of zero because we have never paid any dividends and do not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
•Forfeitures. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
The fair values of stock options were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions in 2020:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Expected term (in years) | 4.75 | 6.03 | |||||||||
| Expected volatility | 60.9 | % | 60.2 | % | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.8 | % | 2.1 | % | |||||||
| Expected dividend rate | — | % | — | % | |||||||
The fair values of the option component of the shares purchased under the 2014 ESPP were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for years presented:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Expected term (in years) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Expected volatility | 72.0 | % | 43.4 | % | 50.9 | % | |||||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 0.9 | % | 2.3 | % | 1.9 | % | |||||||||||
| Expected dividend rate | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||
Stock Option Assumptions in 2018
Effective July 1, 2018, we adopted ASU 2018-07. All non-employee consultants stock options granted prior to adoption were remeasured at fair value as of July 1, 2018. Before adoption, stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to non-employee consultants is recognized as the stock options are earned. For non-employees, the fair values of the stock options vested were remeasured at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Year Ended | |||||
| December 31, 2018 | |||||
| Expected term (in years) | 5.5 | ||||
| Expected volatility | 59.4 | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.8 | % | |||
| Expected dividend rate | — | % | |||
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ASU 2018-07 did not impact valuation of stock options for employees and non-employee directors. The fair values of the employee and non-employee director stock options were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Year Ended | |||||
| December 31, 2018 | |||||
| Expected term (in years) | 6.0 | ||||
| Expected volatility | 60.2 | % | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | 2.7 | % | |||
| Expected dividend rate | — | % | |||
Performance Stock Awards Subject to Market-based Vesting Conditions
Certain performance stock awards granted in 2019 and 2020 include market-based vesting conditions (“market-based PSAs”). These market-based PSAs vest upon the earlier of i) the date that the closing share price of our common stock meet certain minimum share prices on a volume-weighted basis for a specified period of time or ii) upon a change in control in which the purchase price of our common stock is at or above the same minimum share prices as determined in the award agreement.
We determined the fair value of the market-based PSAs using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The following weighted-average assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo simulation model in determining fair value of these performance stock awards:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
Expected term (in years) (1) | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||||
Expected volatility (2) | 60.0 | % | 60.0 | % | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.7 | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||
| Expected dividend rate | — | % | — | % | |||||||
(1)Expected term was based on the expiration period of the performance stock awards in the award agreement.
(2)Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of a group of similar entities combined with our historical volatility.
For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized stock-based compensation expense of $6.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, for the market-based PSAs.
Stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows:
| (in thousands) | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | |||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 24,199 | $ | 9,410 | $ | 8,793 | |||||||||||
| Research and development | 12,254 | 8,512 | 7,480 | ||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 36,453 | $ | 17,922 | $ | 16,273 | |||||||||||
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Unrecognized Compensation Cost
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized Compensation Cost | Weighted Average Expected Recognize Period | Unrecognized Compensation Cost | Weighted Average Expected Recognize Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | (in years) | (in thousands) | (in years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | $ | 27,418 | 2.6 | $ | 18,487 | 2.9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock awards | 50,616 | 2.7 | 11,891 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Performance stock awards (1) | 10,774 | 1.0 | 8,839 | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total unrecognized compensation cost | $ | 88,808 | 2.5 | $ | 39,217 | 2.6 | |||||||||||||||||
(1)In December 2020, PSAs subject to performance-based vesting condition related to the FDA approval of our BLA for DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of glabellar lines were modified with an extension. On the modification date, the fair value of these PSAs increased to $27.67 per PSA. The incremental fair value associated with these PSAs was $3.6 million on the modification date.
14. Stockholders’ Equity
Follow-On Public Offerings
In January 2019, we completed a follow-on public offering, pursuant to which we issued 6,764,705 shares of common stock at $17.00 per share, including the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase 882,352 additional shares of common stock, for net proceeds of $107.6 million, after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses.
During December 2019 and January 2020, we completed a follow-on public offering of an aggregate of 7,475,000 shares of common stock at $17.00 per share, which included the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase 975,000 additional shares of common stock, for net proceeds of $119.2 million, after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses, of which $103.6 million was received in December 2019 and $15.6 million was received in January 2020.
At-The-Market (“ATM”) Offering Programs
In March 2018, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sale Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald (the “2018 ATM Agreement”). Under the 2018 ATM Agreement, we had the ability to offer and sell common stock having aggregate proceeds of up to $125.0 million from time to time through Cantor Fitzgerald as our sales agent. Sales of common stock through Cantor Fitzgerald under the 2018 ATM Agreement was made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the Nasdaq or otherwise at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, in block transactions, or as otherwise agreed upon by us and Cantor Fitzgerald. Cantor Fitzgerald sold the common stock from time to time, based upon instructions from us. We agreed to pay Cantor Fitzgerald a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross sales proceeds of any common stock sold through Cantor Fitzgerald under the 2018 ATM Agreement. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold 687,189 shares of common stock under the 2018 ATM Agreement at a weighted average price of $16.26 per share resulting in net proceeds of $10.9 million after underwriting discounts, commissions and other offering expenses.
In November 2020, we terminated the 2018 ATM Agreement and entered into a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”) as sales agent (the “2020 ATM Agreement”). Under 2020 ATM Agreement, we may offer and sell, from time to time, through Cowen, shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million. We are not obligated to sell any shares under the 2020 ATM Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2020 ATM Agreement, Cowen will use commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, applicable state and federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Global Market, to sell shares from time to time based upon our instructions, including any price, time or size limits specified by us. We pay Cowen a commission of up to 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares, reimburse legal fees
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and disbursements and provide Cowen with customary indemnification and contribution rights. The 2020 ATM Agreement may be terminated by Cowen or us at any time upon notice to the other party, or by Cowen at any time in certain circumstances, including the occurrence of a material and adverse change in our business or financial condition that makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the shares. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we sold 2,585,628 shares of common stock under the 2020 ATM Agreement at a weighted average price of $27.18 per share resulting in net proceeds of $68.2 million after sales agent commissions and offering costs.
Common Stock Warrants
As of December 31, 2019, warrants to purchase 34,113 shares of common stock were outstanding at an exercise price of $14.95 per share. In February 2020, the warrants to purchase 34,113 shares of common stock were net exercised for 11,134 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2020, no common stock warrants were outstanding.
15. Fair Value Measurement
The following table summarizes, for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, the respective fair value and the classification by level of input within the fair value hierarchy:
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | 267,130 | $ | 267,130 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | 113,446 | — | 113,446 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | 380,576 | $ | 267,130 | $ | 113,446 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liability | $ | 3,081 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,081 | |||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 3,081 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 3,081 | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Fair Value | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | 136,258 | $ | 136,258 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. treasury securities | 48,355 | 48,355 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial paper | 77,082 | — | 77,082 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Overnight repurchase agreements | $ | 15,001 | $ | — | $ | 15,001 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivative liability | $ | 2,952 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,952 | |||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities measured at fair value | $ | 2,952 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,952 | |||||||||||||||
For Level 1 investments, we use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets to determine the fair value. For Level 2 investments, we use quoted prices for similar assets sourced from certain third-party pricing services. The third-party pricing services generally utilize industry standard valuation models for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly, to estimate the price or fair value of the securities. The primary input generally includes reported trades of or quotes on the same or similar securities. We do not make additional judgments or assumptions made to the pricing data sourced from the third-party pricing services.
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The following table summarizes the change in the fair value of our Level 3 financial instrument:
| (in thousands) | Derivative liability | |||||||
| Fair value as of December 31, 2019 | $ | 2,952 | ||||||
| Change in fair value | 129 | |||||||
| Fair value as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 3,081 | ||||||
The fair value of the derivative liability was determined by estimating the timing and probability of the related regulatory approval and multiplying the payment amount by this probability percentage and a discount factor based primarily on the estimated timing of the payment and a credit risk adjustment (Note 10). Generally, increases or decreases in these unobservable inputs would result in a directionally similar impact to the fair value measurement of this derivative instrument. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the product approval payment derivative are the expected timing and probability of the payments at the valuation date and the credit risk adjustment.
The fair value of the 2027 Notes (Note 12) was determined on the basis of market prices observable for similar instruments and is considered Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. We carry 2027 Notes at face value less unamortized debt discount and issuance costs on our consolidated balance sheets and present the fair value for disclosure purposes only. As of December 31, 2020, the fair value of the 2027 Notes was $326.2 million.
16. Income Taxes
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we have only generated domestic pretax losses.
The income taxes (benefit) provision for the years presented are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
| Provision (benefit) for income taxes | |||||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||
| State | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Foreign (1) | 100 | — | 3,000 | ||||||||||||||
| 100 | — | 3,000 | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | (1,712) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| State | (1,008) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| (2,720) | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) | $ | (2,620) | $ | — | $ | 3,000 | |||||||||||
(1)The foreign tax provision amounts represent withholding taxes on cash payments received in connection with the Fosun License Agreement.
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Statutory Federal Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
Reconciliations of the statutory federal income tax provision (benefit) to our effective tax are as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
| Tax benefit at statutory federal rate | $ | (59,789) | $ | (33,480) | $ | (29,309) | |||||||||||
| Research and development credits | (3,903) | (4,723) | (4,064) | ||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible/nontaxable items | (1,004) | 1,429 | 108 | ||||||||||||||
| Other changes in valuation allowance | 57,883 | 36,379 | 42,902 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-deductible executive compensation | 3,164 | 363 | 319 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 950 | 32 | (472) | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign rate differential and withholding taxes | 79 | — | 2,370 | ||||||||||||||
Sale of intellectual property (1) | — | — | (14,008) | ||||||||||||||
| Impact of the Tax Reform Act | — | — | 5,154 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision (benefit) | $ | (2,620) | $ | — | $ | 3,000 | |||||||||||
(1)This represents the tax effect of an intra-entity sale between us and our wholly owned subsidiary, Revance International Limited, which was eliminated for financial reporting purposes (discussed below).
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Deferred Tax Assets, Net
Components of our deferred tax assets, net were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | $ | 246,510 | $ | 184,879 | |||||||
| Tax credits | 21,939 | 17,449 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 12,579 | 10,703 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 9,575 | 6,241 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 7,381 | 6,174 | |||||||||
| Accruals and reserves | 2,873 | 1,537 | |||||||||
| Fixed assets | 348 | — | |||||||||
| Other | 26 | 19 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets | — | 2,856 | |||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 301,231 | 229,858 | |||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | (267,292) | (224,222) | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, gross | 33,939 | 5,636 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | |||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes | (23,769) | — | |||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets | (6,926) | (5,583) | |||||||||
| Intangible assets | (3,244) | — | |||||||||
| Fixed assets | — | (53) | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
Valuation Allowance
We have evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon our ability to realize the deferred tax assets. We have considered our history of cumulative net losses incurred since inception and have concluded that it is more likely than not that we will not realize the benefits of the deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of realizing future tax benefits from our net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and other deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. We reevaluate the positive and negative evidence at each reporting period. The valuation allowance increased by $43.1 million and $54.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The valuation allowance increased primarily due to net operating losses incurred during the taxable years. We also had a change in our valuation allowance related to the post-combination effect from the net deferred tax liability assumed from the HintMD Acquisition which resulted in an income tax benefit of $2.7 million.
Net Operation Loss and Tax Credits Carryforwards
As of December 31, 2020, we had NOL carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for federal, California, and other states income tax purposes of $997.3 million, $413.4 million, and $145.2 million, respectively. Of the total federal net operating loss (NOL) carryforward of $997.3 million, approximately $501.0 million was generated after tax year 2017 and has an indefinite carryover period; the utilizations of theses NOLs will be limited to 80% of the taxable income in the years in which these NOLs are utilized. The California NOL carryforwards will begin to expire in 2028. If not utilized, the remaining federal and the other states NOL carryforwards will begin expiring in 2021 and 2030, respectively.
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As of December 31, 2020, we had research and development credit carryforwards of $10.6 million and $8.6 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for federal and California income tax purposes, respectively. The federal research and development credit carryforwards will begin expiring in 2023 if they are not utilized, and the California research and development credit carryforwards have no expiration date.
As of December 31, 2020, we had orphan drug credit carryforwards of $11.2 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for federal income tax purposes. The federal orphan drug credit carryforwards will begin expiring in 2038 if they are not utilized.
In general, if we experience a greater than 50% aggregate change in ownership over a 3-year period (a Section 382 ownership change), utilization of our pre-change NOL carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Internal Revenue Code Section 382 (California and the other states have similar laws). The annual limitation generally is determined by multiplying the value of our stock at the time of such ownership change (subject to certain adjustments) by the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate. Such limitations may result in expiration of a portion of the NOL carryforwards before utilization. As a result of performing a 382 limitation analysis for us through December 31, 2020, we determined that ownership changes occurred but that all carryforwards currently reflected in the deferred table can be utilized prior to the expiration. Our ability to use our remaining NOL carryforwards may be further limited if we experience a Section 382 ownership change as a result of future changes in our stock ownership.
In March and December 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, were passed into law and provide additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We do not expect any significant benefit to our income tax provision as a result of this legislation.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
We follow the provisions of the FASB’s guidance for accounting for uncertain tax positions. The guidance indicates a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial statements of any uncertain tax positions that have been taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. No liability related to uncertain tax positions is recorded in the financial statements due to the fact the liabilities have been netted against deferred attribute carryovers. It is our policy to include penalties and interest related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
We do not expect that our uncertain tax positions will materially change in the next twelve months. For year ending December 31, 2020, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits increased due to additional research and development credits generated. The additional uncertain tax benefits would not impact our effective tax rate to the extent that we continue to maintain a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.
The unrecognized tax benefit was as follows:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at the beginning of the period | $ | 5,698 | $ | 4,200 | 2,577 | ||||||||||||
| Additions for prior years positions | 235 | — | 333 | ||||||||||||||
| Additions for current year positions | 1,233 | 1,498 | 1,290 | ||||||||||||||
| Balance at the end of the period | $ | 7,166 | $ | 5,698 | $ | 4,200 | |||||||||||
We file income tax returns in the U.S., Canada, California, and other states. We are not currently under examination by income tax authorities in any federal, state or other jurisdictions. All U.S tax returns will remain open for examination by the federal and state authorities for three and four years, respectively, from the date of utilization of any NOL or tax credits.
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17. Commitments and Contingencies
Teoxane Agreement
We are parties to the Teoxane Agreement (Note 6), which is effective through 2030 and may be extended for two years upon the mutual agreement of the parties. We are required to meet certain minimum purchase obligations and are required to meet certain minimum expenditure requirements in connection with commercialization efforts unless prevented by certain conditions such as manufacturing delays. Either party may terminate the Teoxane Agreement in the event of the insolvency of, or a material breach by, the other party, including certain specified breaches that include the right for Teoxane to terminate the Teoxane Agreement for our failure to meet the minimum purchase requirements or commercialization expenditure during specified periods, or for our breach of the exclusivity obligations under the Teoxane Agreement.
Other Purchase Commitments
ABPS Services Agreement
We are parties to a Technology Transfer, Validation and Commercial Fill/Finish Services Agreement with Ajinomoto Althea, Inc. dba Aji Bio-Pharma Services, a contract development and manufacturing organization (“ABPS”) (the “ABPS Services Agreement”). Under the ABPS Services Agreement, ABPS agreed, among other things, to provide us with expanded capacity and a second source of drug product manufacturing and commercial fill/finish services. The ABPS Services Agreement has an initial term of seven years that will expire in March 2024, unless sooner terminated by either party in accordance with the terms of the ABPS Services Agreement. In December 2020, we entered into Amendment No.1 to the ABPS Services Agreement (the “ABPS Amendment”) in connection with the drug product manufacturing of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection at ABPS’s manufacturing facility in San Diego, California. The ABPS Amendment modified, among other things, ABPS’s dedicated manufacturing capacity that is exclusive to us, a buyback option of idle capacity, and our payment obligations.
Under the ABPS Amendment, each company has the right to terminate the ABPS Services Agreement, without cause, with an 18-month written notice to the other company. We are subject to minimum purchase obligations of $8.0 million for the year ended in December 31, 2021, and $30.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024.
The ABPS Amendment contains a lease because it has an identified asset that is physically distinct for which we will have the right of control as defined under ASC 842. The right of control is conveyed because the embedded lease will provide us with both 1) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefit from the fill-and-finish line resulting from the exclusivity of the dedicated manufacturing capacity and 2) the right to direct the use of the fill-and-finish line through our purchase orders to ABPS. The embedded lease has not yet commenced as of December 31, 2020. The commencement and recognition of the right-of-use lease asset and lease liabilities related this embedded lease will take place when we have substantively obtained the right of control which is expected to be in January 2022.
Bachem Supply Agreement
In December 2020, we renewed and entered into a supply agreement with Bachem Americas, Inc. (“Bachem”) under which Bachem will supply us peptide raw materials based on the price set in the agreement and in accordance with certain specifications. The initial term of the supply agreement is three years, with automatic renewal for one year unless either company provides written notice 90 days before the end of initial term. We are subject to the minimum order amount of $3.3 million during the term of the supply agreement and additional $1.2 million for the one-year renewal term.
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Contingencies
We are obligated to pay a $2.0 million milestone payment to a developer of botulinum toxin, List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (“List Laboratories”), when a certain regulatory milestone is achieved. As of December 31, 2020, the milestone has not been achieved. We are also obligated to pay royalties to List Laboratories on future sales of botulinum toxin products.
We entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “BTRX Purchase Agreement”) with Botulinum Toxin Research Associates, Inc. (“BTRX”), under which we are obligated to pay up to $16.0 million to BTRX upon the satisfaction of milestones relating to our product revenue, intellectual property, and clinical and regulatory events. As of December 31, 2020, a one-time intellectual property development milestone liability of $1.0 million has been recorded in accruals on our consolidated balance sheets.
Indemnification
We have indemnification agreements in the ordinary course of business. Under these indemnification agreements, we generally indemnify, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified parties for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, in connection with any trade secret, copyright, patent or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party with respect to our technology. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual after the execution of the agreements. The maximum potential amount of future payments we are obligated to pay under these indemnification agreements is not determinable because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future, but have not been made. We have not incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements.
We have indemnification agreements with our directors and officers that may require us to indemnify them against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct of the individual.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, no amounts associated with the indemnification agreements have been recorded.
18. Segment Information
Reportable Segments
We report segment information based on the management approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reportable segments.
As a result of the HintMD Acquisition in July 2020, we now have two reportable segments: the Product Segment and the Service Segment. Each reportable segment represents a component, or an operating segment, for which separate financial information is available that is utilized on a regular basis by our chief operating decision maker (CODM) in determining resource allocations and performance evaluation. We also considered whether the identified operating segments should be further aggregated based on factors including economic characteristics, the nature of products and services, production processes, customer base, distribution methods, and regulatory environment; however, no such aggregation was made due to dissimilarity of the operating segments.
Product Segment
Our Product Segment refers to the business that includes the research and development of innovative aesthetic and therapeutic products, including DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for various indications, the U.S. distribution of the RHA® Pipeline Products, and an onabotulinumtoxinA biosimilar in partnership with Viatris. Both product and collaboration revenues and related expenses are included in Product Segment.
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Service Segment
Our Service Segment refers to the business of the HintMD platform, which is a registered payment facilitator and enables practices to process payments for their patients and provides subscription and pay-over-time solutions that support practices' aesthetic treatment plans.
Corporate and other include operating expense related to general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, and in-process research and development that are not used in evaluating the results of, or in allocating resources to, our segments. There was no inter-segment revenue for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.
Reconciliation of Segment Revenue to Consolidated Revenue
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product Segment | $ | 14,908 | $ | 413 | $ | 3,729 | |||||||||||
| Service Segment* | 417 | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 15,325 | $ | 413 | $ | 3,729 | |||||||||||
* Revenue from Service Segment represents the period from July 23, 2020 (HintMD Acquisition completion date) to December 31, 2020.
N/A - Not applicable
Reconciliation of Segment Loss from Operations to Consolidated Loss from Operations
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product Segment | $ | (160,031) | $ | (110,371) | $ | (94,186) | |||||||||||
| Service Segment* | (6,156) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other expenses | (106,975) | (54,088) | (48,448) | ||||||||||||||
| Total loss from operations | $ | (273,162) | $ | (164,459) | $ | (142,634) | |||||||||||
* Loss from operations of Service Segment represents the period from July 23, 2020 (HintMD Acquisition completion date) to December 31, 2020.
N/A - Not applicable
We do not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment asset data, and therefore such information is not presented.
19. Subsequent Events
At-The-Market Offering
From January 1, 2021 to February 17, 2021, we sold 761,526 shares of common stock under the 2020 ATM Agreement at a weighted average price of per share of $29.09 resulting in net proceeds of $21.7 million after underwriting discounts and commissions.
F-45
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards Grants under the 2014 EIP
In February 2021, we granted 479,404 stock options and 875,367 restricted stock awards including performance stock awards under the 2014 EIP to existing employees.
F-46
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Newark, State of California on the 25th day of February, 2021.
| REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC. | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Mark J. Foley | |||||||
| Mark J. Foley | ||||||||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
| (Duly Authorized Principal Executive Officer) | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Tobin C. Schilke | |||||||
| Tobin C. Schilke | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| (Duly Authorized Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Mark J. Foley, Tobin C. Schilke, and Dwight Moxie, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution for him, and in his name in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and any of them, his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signatures | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ Mark J. Foley | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Mark J. Foley | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ Tobin C. Schilke | Chief Financial Officer | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Tobin C. Schilke | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||||
| /s/ Angus C. Russell | Director, Chairman | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Angus C. Russell | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Jill Beraud | Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Jill Beraud | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Robert Byrnes | Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Robert Byrnes | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Julian S. Gangolli | Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Julian S. Gangolli | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Phyllis Gardner, M.D. | Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Phyllis Gardner, M.D. | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Chris Nolet | Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Chris Nolet | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Philip J. Vickers, Ph.D. | Director | February 25, 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Philip J. Vickers, Ph.D. | ||||||||||||||