Revolve Group, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number: 001-38927

REVOLVE GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware

46-1640160

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

12889 Moore Street

Cerritos, California 90703

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(562) 677-9480

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:		Trading Symbol(s):		Name of each exchange on which registered:
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share		RVLV		New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 6, 2020, 15,930,974 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock and 53,568,912 shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock were outstanding.

REVOLVE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements		3

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income		4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income		5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		6

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		19

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		39

Item 4. Controls and Procedures		40


PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		41

Item 1A. Risk Factors		41

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		76

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		76

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		76

Item 5. Other Information		76

Item 6. Exhibits		77

Signatures		79

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

REVOLVE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	150,772	$	65,418
Accounts receivable, net		4,849		4,751
Inventory		64,510		104,257
Income taxes receivable		—		761
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		19,585		24,155
Total current assets		239,716		199,342
Property and equipment, net		12,673		13,517
Intangible assets, net		1,287		1,457
Goodwill		2,042		2,042
Other assets		592		642
Deferred income taxes		15,924		15,290
Total assets	$	272,234	$	232,290
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	25,893	$	29,813
Line of credit		24,000		—
Income taxes payable		4,448		470
Accrued expenses		20,720		19,399
Returns reserve		28,336		35,104
Other current liabilities		17,400		16,740
Total current liabilities		120,797		101,526
Stockholders' equity:
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 15,930,974 and 14,009,859 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively.		16		14
Class B common stock, $0.001 par value; 125,000,000 shares authorized as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 53,568,912 and 55,069,124 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.		54		55
Additional paid-in capital		76,765		74,018
Retained earnings		74,602		56,677
Total stockholders' equity		151,437		130,764
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	272,234	$	232,290

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

REVOLVE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019			2020		2019
Net sales	$	142,784	$	161,897		$	288,859	$	299,240
Cost of sales		70,713		71,479			145,838		138,068
Gross profit		72,071		90,418			143,021		161,172
Operating expenses:
Fulfillment		3,799		5,301			8,292		9,796
Selling and distribution		19,054		23,639			40,833		44,230
Marketing		14,638		24,914			36,588		44,412
General and administrative		15,776		18,836			34,650		38,105
Total operating expenses		53,267		72,690			120,363		136,543
Income from operations		18,804		17,728			22,658		24,629
Other expense, net		174		444			47		660
Income before income taxes		18,630		17,284			22,611		23,969
Provision for income taxes		4,394		4,543			4,219		6,266
Net income		14,236		12,741			18,392		17,703
Less: Repurchase of Class B common stock upon corporate conversion		—		(40,816	)		—		(40,816	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	14,236	$	(28,075	)	$	18,392	$	(23,113	)
Earnings (net loss) per share of Class A and Class B common stock:
Basic	$	0.21	$	(0.57	)	$	0.27	$	(0.51	)
Diluted	$	0.20	$	(0.57	)	$	0.26	$	(0.51	)
Weighted average Class A and Class B common shares outstanding:
Basic		69,415		49,025			69,367		45,481
Diluted		71,659		49,025			71,781		45,481

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

REVOLVE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net income	$	14,236		$	12,741		$	18,392		$	17,703
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Cumulative translation adjustment		(123	)		(130	)		(467	)		13
Total other comprehensive (loss) income		(123	)		(130	)		(467	)		13
Total comprehensive income	$	14,113		$	12,611		$	17,925		$	17,716

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

REVOLVE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$	18,392		$	17,703
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		2,396			1,584
Equity-based compensation		1,432			1,032
Deferred income taxes		(634	)		(2,241	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(98	)		(3,036	)
Inventories		39,747			(13,184	)
Income taxes receivable		761			(1,142	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,570			(271	)
Other assets		50			36
Accounts payable		(3,920	)		9,468
Income taxes payable		3,978			(36	)
Accrued expenses		1,321			3,137
Returns reserve		(6,768	)		7,171
Other current liabilities		660			2,462
Net cash provided by operating activities		61,887			22,683
Investing activities:
Purchases of property, equipment and other		(1,381	)		(9,755	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,381	)		(9,755	)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts paid		—			57,077
Repurchase of Class B common stock upon corporate conversion		—			(40,816	)
Proceeds from borrowings on line of credit		30,000			—
Repayment of borrowings on line of credit		(6,000	)
Payment of deferred offering costs		(41	)		(726	)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options, net		1,356			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		25,315			15,535
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(467	)		13
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		85,354			28,476
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		65,418			16,369
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	150,772		$	44,845
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	190		$	—
Income taxes, net of refund	$	102		$	9,674
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities:
Deferred offering costs accrued, unpaid	$	—		$	603

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

REVOLVE GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business

Revolve Group, Inc., or REVOLVE, is an online fashion retailer for Millennial and Generation Z consumers. Through our websites and mobile apps we deliver an aspirational customer experience from a vast, yet curated offering. Our dynamic platform connects a deeply engaged community of consumers, global fashion influencers, and emerging, established and owned brands. We are headquartered in Los Angeles County, California.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s, or the SEC, Regulation S-X. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, can be condensed or omitted. These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for the fair statement of our financial information. These interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other interim period or for any other future year. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Our fiscal year ends on December 31 of each year.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020.

Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business

The COVID-19 pandemic had a material adverse impact on our business operations and operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. While the length and severity of the reduction and shift in consumer demand related to COVID-19 remains uncertain, we expect that our business operations and results of operations, including our net sales, will be materially impacted through the remainder of 2020.

In April 2020 we took aggressive actions to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on our business by reducing non-payroll related operating costs and reducing payroll costs through a combination of pay cuts, employee furloughs and, to a lesser extent, layoffs. We also eliminated or deferred non-essential capital expenditures, significantly reduced planned inventory receipts by canceling or delaying orders, in addition to extending payment terms for both merchandise and non-merchandise vendor invoices. As our business operations and operating results improved throughout the second quarter of 2020, in part due to the easing of stay-at-home orders and other state-imposed restrictions on businesses, we began the process of bringing back certain furloughed employees and returned the majority of our corporate employees, except for executives and senior management, to their pre-COVID-19 salaries and wages. In addition, we accrued for discretionary bonuses related to second quarter performance with payment subject to full year performance. We also began to sequentially increase our inventory purchases and incur certain operating expenses to support the improving trends in consumer demand. Through our aggressive cost control and purchase commitment reductions, we were able to increase the balance of our cash and cash equivalents during the three months ended June 30, 2020. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months, including the repayment of outstanding borrowings upon the expiration of our line of credit. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect given the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect.

Reverse Split

On May 24, 2019, we effected a one-for-22.31 reverse split of all of our issued and outstanding Class T units and Class A units. All figures have been presented on the basis of the reverse split wherever applicable for all the periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Corporate Conversion

Prior to our initial public offering, or IPO, we operated as a Delaware limited liability company under the name Revolve Group, LLC. In connection with the IPO, Revolve Group, LLC converted into a Delaware corporation and changed its name to Revolve Group, Inc. so that the top-tier entity in our corporate structure was a corporation rather than a limited liability company, which we refer to as the Corporate Conversion. In conjunction with the Corporate Conversion, all of the outstanding Class T and Class A units of Revolve Group, LLC were converted into an aggregate of 67,889,013 shares of our Class B common stock. The holders of Class T units received an aggregate of 2,400,960 shares, representing the total preference amount for the Class T units. The remaining 65,488,053 shares of our Class B common stock were allocated on a pro rata basis to the Class T and Class A unitholders based on the number of units held by each holder. In connection with the Corporate Conversion, Revolve Group, Inc. holds all property and assets of Revolve Group, LLC and assumed all of the debts and obligations of Revolve Group, LLC. The members of the board of managers and the officers of Revolve Group, LLC became the members of the board of directors and the officers of Revolve Group, Inc.

Initial Public Offering

On June 7, 2019, we completed an IPO, in which we issued and sold 2,941,176 shares of our Class A common stock at a public offering price of $18.00 per share. We received approximately $45.8 million in net proceeds after deducting $3.3 million of underwriting discounts and approximately $3.8 million in offering costs. Upon the closing of the IPO, we used $40.8 million of the net proceeds from the offering to repurchase an aggregate of 2,400,960 shares of Class B common stock held by TSG6 L.P. and certain of its affiliates, or TSG, and Capretto, LLC.

In June 2019, we issued and sold an additional 441,176 shares of Class A common stock at a price of $18.00 per share following the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares and received proceeds of $7.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and commissions of $0.5 million.

In connection with the IPO, 10,147,059 Class B shares were converted into Class A shares by the selling stockholders.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for sales returns, the valuation of deferred tax assets, inventory, equity‑based compensation, and goodwill, reserves for income tax uncertainties and other contingencies, and breakage of store credit and gift cards.

Net Sales

Revenue is primarily derived from the sale of apparel merchandise through our sites and, when applicable, shipping revenue. We recognize revenue through the following steps: (1) identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. A contract is created with our customer at the time the order is placed by the customer, which creates a single performance obligation to deliver the product to the customer. We recognize revenue for our single performance obligation at the time control of the merchandise

passes to the customer, which is at the time of shipment. In addition, we have elected to treat shipping and handling as fulfillment activities and not a separate performance obligation.

In March 2020 we launched the REVOLVE Loyalty Club within the REVOLVE segment. Eligible customers who enroll in the program will generally earn points for every dollar spent and will automatically receive a $20 REVOLVE Reward once they earn 2,000 points. We defer revenue based on an allocation of the price of the customer purchase and the standalone selling price of the points earned. Revenue is recognized once the reward is redeemed or expires or once unconverted points expire. REVOLVE Rewards generally expire three months after they are issued and unconverted points generally expire if a customer is inactive for a period of 12 months.

In accordance with our policy on returns and exchanges, merchandise returns are accepted for full refund if returned within 30 days of the original purchase date and may be exchanged up to 60 days from the original purchase date. We modify our policy during the holiday season to extend the return and exchange period. In addition, to provide our customers with more flexibility to return or exchange during this time of increased social distancing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, merchandise returns for purchases made starting in March 2020 will be accepted for full refund if returned within 60 days of the original purchase date and may be exchanged up to 90 days from the original purchase date. At the time of sale, we establish a reserve for merchandise returns, based on historical experience and expected future returns, which is recorded as a reduction of sales and cost of sales.

The following table presents a rollforward of our sales return reserve for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Beginning balance	$	20,975		$	37,153		$	35,104		$	29,184
Returns		(85,652	)		(196,180	)		(259,174	)		(343,798	)
Provisions		93,013			195,382			252,406			350,969
Ending balance	$	28,336		$	36,355		$	28,336		$	36,355

We may also issue store credit in lieu of cash refunds and sell gift cards without expiration dates to our customers. Store credits issued and proceeds from the issuance of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when the store credit or gift cards are redeemed or upon inclusion in our store credit and gift card breakage estimates. Revenue recognized in net sales on breakage on store credit and gift cards for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was $0.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively and $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

Sales taxes and duties collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales. We currently collect sales taxes in all states that have adopted laws imposing sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers and are subject to audits by state governments of sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect sales taxes, whether for prior years or prospectively. No significant interest or penalties related to sales taxes are recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

We have exposure to losses from fraudulent credit card charges. We record losses when incurred related to these fraudulent charges as amounts have historically been insignificant.

See Note 9, Segment Information, for disaggregation of revenue by reportable segment and by geographic area.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, we meet the definition of an emerging growth company. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the end of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates is at least $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) the end of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more during such fiscal year, (3) the date on which we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or (4) the end of the fiscal year in which the fifth anniversary of our IPO occurs.

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to the accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 is effective for us for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effects of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by removing step two from the goodwill impairment test. Under this new guidance, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The update also eliminates the requirement for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment. This guidance is effective for us for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning December 15, 2021 with early adoption permitted. We do not expect that this ASU will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under this ASU, a lessee is generally required to recognize the lessee’s rights and obligations resulting from leases on the balance sheet by recording a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. The new standard requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 extending the effective date of this new lease standard by one year. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-05, further extending the effective date by one year making it effective for us for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The standard requires recognizing and measuring leases using a modified retrospective approach or allowing for application of the guidance at the beginning of the period in which it is adopted by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. We plan to elect the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, will allow us to carry forward the historical lease classification of our existing leases. However, we are still evaluating the potential impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3. Line of Credit

On March 23, 2016, we entered into a line of credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A, with an expiration date of March 23, 2021. The line of credit provides us with up to $75.0 million aggregate principal in revolver borrowings, based on eligible inventory and accounts receivable less reserves. Borrowings under the credit agreement accrue interest, at our option, at (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate and (c) the LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, or (2) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. As of June 30, 2020, we had $24.0 million outstanding on the line of credit. The weighted-average interest rate of debt outstanding at June 30, 2020 was 2.2 %. No borrowings were outstanding as of December 31, 2019.

We are also obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type, including an unused commitment fee. The credit agreement also permits us, in certain circumstances, to request an increase in the facility by an additional amount of up to $25.0 million (in an initial minimum amount of $10 million and in increments of $5 million thereafter) at the same maturity, pricing and other terms. Our obligations under the credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit agreement also contains customary covenants restricting our activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in mergers and acquisitions, enter in transactions involving related parties, obtain letters of credit, incur indebtedness or grant liens or negative pledges on our assets, make loans or make other investments. Under the covenants, we are prohibited from paying cash dividends with respect to our capital stock. We were in compliance with all covenants as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Note 4. Equity-based Compensation

In 2013, Twist Holdings, LLC and Advance Holdings, LLC adopted equity incentive plans, which we refer to collectively as the 2013 Plan, pursuant to which the board of managers could grant options to purchase Class A units to officers and employees. Options could be granted with an exercise price equal to or greater than the unit’s fair value at the date of grant. All issued awards have 10-year terms and generally vest and become fully exercisable annually over five years of service from the date of grant. Awards will become fully vested upon the sale of the company. In March 2018, the 2013 Plan was amended to increase the maximum number of Class A units to 6,207,978.

Upon the effectiveness of the Corporate Conversion on June 6, 2019, as discussed in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, the options to purchase Class A units of Revolve Group, LLC were converted into options to purchase Class B common stock of Revolve Group, Inc. on a 1:1 basis and in a manner that did not result in an increase to the intrinsic value of the converted option.

In September 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan, which became effective in June 2019. Under the 2019 Plan, a total of 4,500,000 shares of our Class A common stock are reserved for issuance as options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, or RSUs, performance units or performance shares. Upon the completion of our IPO, the 2019 Plan replaced the 2013 Plan, however, the 2013 Plan will continue to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards previously granted under that plan. The number of shares that will be available for issuance under our 2019 Plan also will increase annually on the first day of each year beginning in 2020, in an amount equal to the least of: (a) 6,900,000 shares, (b) 5% of the outstanding shares of all classes of our common stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding year and (c) such other amount as our board of directors may determine. All future grants going forward will be issued under the 2019 Plan. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 2.9 million common shares remain available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan.

All historical data presented in the tables within this footnote have been recast to retroactively reflect all share and per share data of options as if they had been issued by Revolve Group, Inc. and that both the reverse split and Corporate Conversion had occurred. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further information regarding the reverse split and Corporate Conversion.

Option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 under the 2013 and 2019 Plans is as follows:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Balance at January 1, 2020		4,916,074		$	6.30		5.6	$	59,368
Granted		1,613,980			9.69		9.7
Exercised		(420,903	)		3.22		—
Forfeited		(34,864	)		14.54		—
Expired		(3,680	)		15.62		—
Balance at June 30, 2020		6,070,607			7.36		6.3		46,131
Exercisable at June 30, 2020		3,301,090			4.72		4.4		33,679
Vested and expected to vest		5,960,056			7.38		6.4		45,151

RSU award activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 under the 2019 Plan is as follows:

	Class A Common Stock			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Unvested at January 1, 2020		13,130		$	19.04		3.6	$	242
Granted		6,618			15.11		1.0
Released		(3,883	)		25.75		—
Forfeited		—			—		—
Unvested at June 30, 2020		15,865			15.76		1.8		236

There were 990,700 options and 6,618 RSUs granted during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 1,613,980 options and 6,618 RSUs granted during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was $4.18 per share and $5.29 per share, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020, there was $12.8 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options and RSUs granted under the 2013 Plan and 2019 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average service period of 4.0 years.

Equity‑based compensation cost that has been included in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income amounted to $0.9 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.4 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was an excess income tax benefit of $0.5 million and $0 recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for equity‑based compensation arrangements for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.7 million and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 5. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

We record a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Accounting for contingencies requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. Although we cannot predict with assurance the outcome of any litigation or tax matters, we do not believe there are currently any such actions that, if resolved unfavorably, would have a material impact on our operating results, financial position and cash flows.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, we may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to vendors, directors, officers and other parties with respect to certain matters. We have not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Tax Contingencies

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and U.K. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates or whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. Our provision for income taxes does not include any reserve provision because we believe that all of our tax positions are highly certain.

Legal Proceedings

We are a defendant in a purported class action lawsuit filed in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, which was filed in May 2019, arising from employee wage-and-hour claims under California law for alleged meal period, rest period, payment of wages at separation, wage statement violations, and unfair business practices. On January 6, 2020, we and the individual defendant in the case entered into a binding memorandum of understanding to settle the case which will need to be submitted for court approval prior to becoming final. Due to court closures and logistical complications related to the COVID-19 pandemic, resolution of this matter has not moved forward. In December 2019, we accrued approximately $1.0 million to general and administrative expenses which as of June 30, 2020, still remained accrued within accrued expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Note 6. Income Taxes

The following table summarizes our effective tax rate for the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Income before income taxes	$	18,630		$	17,284		$	22,611		$	23,969
Provision for income taxes		4,394			4,543			4,219			6,266
Effective tax rate		23.6	%		26.3	%		18.7	%		26.1	%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to an excess tax benefit related to the exercise of non-qualified stock options during the first and second quarters of 2020.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, was enacted and signed into law. The CARES Act includes a number of corporate tax related provisions including increasing the amount of tax deductible interest, allowing companies an extended carry-back period for certain net operating losses, or NOLs, and increasing the amount of NOLs that corporations can use to offset taxable income.

The CARES Act did not materially affect our income tax provision, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and related taxes payable for three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Although we currently do not expect the impact to be material, we will continue to assess the future implications of these provisions within the CARES Act on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 7. Members’/Stockholders’ Equity

Changes in members’/stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Retained			Total Stockholders'
	Number		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands, except share data)
Beginning balance		69,381,475	$	70	$	75,556		$	60,489		$	136,115
Issuance of Class A common stock from exercise of stock options		118,411		—		382			—			382
Equity-based compensation		—		—		868			—			868
Cumulative translation adjustment		—		—		—			(123	)		(123	)
Other		—		—		(41	)		—			(41	)
Net income		—		—		—			14,236			14,236
Ending balance		69,499,886	$	70	$	76,765		$	74,602		$	151,437

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Class T Preferred Units						Class A Common Units						Common Stock						Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Members' Equity/			Total Members'/ Stockholders'
	Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Capital		Retained Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands, except unit and share data)
Beginning balance		23,551,834		$	15,000			41,936,219		$	4,059			—		$	—		$	—	$	66,661		$	85,720
Corporate conversion		(23,551,834	)		(15,000	)		(41,936,219	)		(4,059	)		67,889,013			68			18,991		—			—
Repurchase of Class B common stock		—			—			—			—			(2,400,960	)		(2	)		—		(40,814	)		(40,816	)
Issuance of Class A common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs		—			—			—			—			3,382,352			3			53,224		—			53,227
Equity-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			521		—			521
Cumulative translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		(130	)		(130	)
Net income		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		12,741			12,741
Ending balance		—		$	—			—		$	—			68,870,405		$	69		$	72,736	$	38,458		$	111,263

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-in			Retained			Total Stockholders'
	Number		Amount		Capital			Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands, except share data)
Beginning balance		69,078,983	$	69	$	74,018		$	56,677		$	130,764
Issuance of Class A common stock from exercise of stock options		420,903		1		1,356			—			1,357
Equity-based compensation		—		—		1,432			—			1,432
Cumulative translation adjustment		—		—		—			(467	)		(467	)
Other		—		—		(41	)		—			(41	)
Net income		—		—		—			18,392			18,392
Ending balance		69,499,886	$	70	$	76,765		$	74,602		$	151,437

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Class T Preferred Units						Class A Common Units						Common Stock						Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Members' Equity/			Total Members'/ Stockholders'
	Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Number			Amount			Capital		Retained Earnings			Equity
	(in thousands, except unit and share data)
Beginning balance		23,551,834		$	15,000			41,936,219		$	3,548			—		$	—		$	—	$	61,270		$	79,818
Corporate conversion		(23,551,834	)		(15,000	)		(41,936,219	)		(3,548	)		67,889,013			68			18,480		—			—
Repurchase of Class B common stock		—			—			—			—			(2,400,960	)		(2	)		—		(40,814	)		(40,816	)
Issuance of Class A common stock upon initial public offering, net of offering costs		—			—			—			—			3,382,352			3			53,224		—			53,227
Equity-based compensation		—			—			—			—			—			—			1,032		—			1,032
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASC 606		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		286			286
Cumulative translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		13			13
Net income		—			—			—			—			—			—			—		17,703			17,703
Ending balance		—		$	—			—		$	—			68,870,405		$	69		$	72,736	$	38,458		$	111,263

Note 8. Earnings (Net Loss) per Share

Basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities and multiple classes of common stock. We consider the Class T preferred units, which were outstanding prior to the Corporate Conversion, to be a participating security. In connection with our IPO, we established two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except for voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible at any time into one share of Class A common stock.

Basic earnings (net loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. As a participating security, the Class T preferred units are excluded from basic weighted-average common shares outstanding.

Diluted earnings (net loss) per share represents net income (loss) divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive stock options and RSUs. The undistributed earnings (net losses) are allocated based on the participation rights of Class A and Class B common shares as if the earnings for the year have been distributed and losses allocated. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for both classes, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the calculation of diluted earnings (net loss) per share for Class A common stock assumes the conversion of Class B common stock, while diluted earnings (net loss) per share of Class B common stock does not assume the conversion of Class A common stock as Class A common stock is not convertible into Class B common stock. Similarly, outstanding options to purchase Class B common stock and RSUs that are dilutive are included in the calculation of diluted earnings (net loss) for both Class A and Class B common stock. For the purpose of calculating basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the $40.8 million of Class B shares issued and subsequently repurchased in connection with our IPO to satisfy the total preference amount for the Class T Units is treated as a dividend and subtracted from net income available to common stockholders on a proportionate basis. In addition, the net losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were not allocated to our participating security as the Class T preferred units were not contractually obligated to share in our losses.

Basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share and the weighted-average shares outstanding have been computed for all periods shown below to give effect to the reverse split, the Corporate Conversion that occurred in

connection with our IPO, and the repurchase of Class B shares. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further information regarding the reverse split and Corporate Conversion.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share:

	Three months ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020				2019						2020				2019
	Class A		Class B		Class A			Class B			Class A		Class B		Class A			Class B
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Numerator
Net income	$	3,251	$	10,985	$	912		$	11,829		$	4,156	$	14,236	$	683		$	17,020
Repurchase of Class B common stock		—		—		(2,922	)		(37,894	)		—		—		(1,575	)		(39,241	)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders — basic	$	3,251	$	10,985	$	(2,010	)	$	(26,065	)	$	4,156	$	14,236	$	(892	)	$	(22,221	)
Reallocation of undistributed earnings as a result of conversion of Class B to Class A shares		10,985		—		—			—			14,236		—		—			—
Reallocation of undistributed earnings to Class B shares		—		102		—			—			—		140		—			—
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders — diluted	$	14,236	$	11,087	$	(2,010	)	$	(26,065	)	$	18,392	$	14,376	$	(892	)	$	(22,221	)
Denominator
Weighted average shares used to compute earnings (net loss) per share — basic		15,846		53,569		3,510			45,515			15,673		53,694		1,755			43,726
Conversion of Class B to Class A common shares outstanding		53,569		—		—			—			53,694		—		—			—
Effect of dilutive stock options and RSUs		2,244		2,244		—			—			2,414		2,414		—			—
Weighted average number of shares used to compute earnings (net loss) per share — diluted		71,659		55,813		3,510			45,515			71,781		56,108		1,755			43,726
Earnings (net loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.21	$	0.21	$	(0.57	)	$	(0.57	)	$	0.27	$	0.27	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.51	)
Diluted	$	0.20	$	0.20	$	(0.57	)	$	(0.57	)	$	0.26	$	0.26	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.51	)

The following have been excluded from the computation of basic and diluted earnings (net loss) per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

2020

2019

2020

2019

Stock options to purchase Class B

shares and RSUs

2,676

4,001

3,337

3,665

Note 9. Segment Information

We have two reportable segments, REVOLVE and FORWARD, each offering clothing, shoes, accessories, and beauty products available for sale to customers through their respective websites. Our reportable segments have been identified based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make operating decisions, and evaluate operating performance. Our chief operating decision makers are our co-chief executive officers. We evaluate the performance of our reportable segments based on net sales and gross profit. Management does not evaluate the performance of our reportable segments using asset measures.

Revenue from external customers for each group of similar products and services is not reported to our chief operating decision makers. The separate identification for purposes of segment disclosure is impracticable, as it is not readily available and the cost to develop would be excessive. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, no customer represented over 10% of net sales. The following table summarizes our net sales and gross profit for each of our reportable segments (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Net sales	2020		2019		2020		2019
REVOLVE	$	126,921	$	143,944	$	251,393	$	266,595
FORWARD		15,863		17,953		37,466		32,645
Total	$	142,784	$	161,897	$	288,859	$	299,240

Gross profit
REVOLVE	$	66,233	$	82,837	$	128,613	$	148,100
FORWARD		5,838		7,581		14,408		13,072
Total	$	72,071	$	90,418	$	143,021	$	161,172

The following table lists net sales by geographic area (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
United States	$	116,270	$	136,055	$	236,600	$	251,460
Rest of the world ⁽¹⁾		26,514		25,842		52,259		47,780
Total	$	142,784	$	161,897	$	288,859	$	299,240

(1)	No individual country exceeded 10% of total net sales for any period presented.

Note 10. Fair Value Measurements

We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible pursuant to the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or ASC 820. We determine fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. The carrying amounts for our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, line of credit to the extent borrowings are outstanding and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy as established under ASC 820 distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:

Level 1: Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Our cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds, which are valued based on Level 1 inputs consisting of quoted prices in active markets. Our cash equivalents were $117.9 million and $37.6 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Note 11. Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Expected merchandise returns, net	$	11,171	$	12,989
Advanced payments on inventory to be delivered from vendors		3,486		4,605
Prepaid insurance		1,031		1,858
Prepaid packaging		278		393
Prepaid rent		242		381
Other		3,377		3,929
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	19,585	$	24,155

Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Marketing	$	7,085	$	6,127
Salaries and related benefits		5,608		4,275
Selling and distribution		3,123		3,360
Sales taxes		2,247		3,023
Other		2,657		2,614
Total accrued expenses	$	20,720	$	19,399

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Store credit	$	10,221	$	10,080
Gift cards		1,644		2,133
Other		5,535		4,527
Total other current liabilities	$	17,400	$	16,740

Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information

This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Statements containing words such as “may,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “projections,” “business outlook,” “estimate,” or similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition or state other “forward-looking” information. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. They include, but are not limited to, statements about risks related to general economic conditions; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; our fluctuating operating results; seasonality in our business; our ability to acquire products on reasonable terms; our online business model; demand for our products; our ability to attract customers in a cost effective manner and retain our existing customers; the strength of our brand; competition; fraud; system interruptions; our ability to fulfill orders; our ability to retain existing vendors and brands and to attract new vendors and brands; our ability to obtain and maintain differentiated high-quality products from appropriate brands in sufficient quantities from vendors; our ability to obtain and maintain sufficient inventory at prices that will make our business model profitable, and of a quality that will continue to retain existing customers and attract new customers; and our ability to effectively engage in predictive analytics.

Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, including those factors discussed in Part II, Item 1A (Risk Factors).

In light of the significant uncertainties and risks inherent in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or anyone else that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all, or as predictions of future events. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

Overview

REVOLVE is the next-generation fashion retailer for Millennial and Generation Z consumers. As a trusted, premium lifestyle brand, and a go-to online source for discovery and inspiration, we deliver an engaging customer experience from a vast yet curated offering of apparel, footwear, accessories and beauty styles. Our dynamic platform connects a deeply engaged community of millions of consumers, thousands of global fashion influencers, and hundreds of emerging, established and owned brands. Through 17 years of continued investment in technology, data analytics, and innovative marketing and merchandising strategies, we have built a powerful platform and brand that we believe is connecting with the next generation of consumers and is redefining fashion retail for the 21st century.

We were founded in 2003 by our co-CEOs, Michael Mente and Mike Karanikolas. We sell merchandise through two differentiated segments, REVOLVE and FORWARD, that leverage one platform. Through REVOLVE we offer a highly-curated assortment of full-price premium apparel and footwear, accessories and beauty products from emerging, established and owned brands. Through FORWARD we offer an assortment of iconic and emerging luxury brands. We believe that FORWARD provides our customer with a destination for luxury products as her spending power increases and her desire for fashion and inspiration remains central to her self-expression.

We believe our product mix reflects the desires of the next-generation consumer and we optimize this mix through the identification and incubation of emerging brands and continued development of our owned brand portfolio. The focus on emerging and owned brands minimizes our assortment overlap with other retailers, supporting marketing efficiency, conversion and sales at full price.

We have invested in our robust and scalable internally-developed technology platform to meet the specific needs of our business and to support our customers’ experience. We use proprietary algorithms and 17 years of data to efficiently manage our merchandising, marketing, product development, sourcing and pricing decisions. Our platform works seamlessly across devices and analyzes browsing and purchasing patterns and preferences to help us make purchasing decisions, which when combined with the small initial orders for new products, allows us to manage inventory and fashion risk. We have also invested in our creative capabilities to produce high-quality visual merchandising that caters to our customers by focusing on style with a distinct point of view rather than on individual products. The combination of our online sales platform and our in-house creative photography allows us to showcase brands in a distinctive and compelling manner.

We are pioneers of social media and influencer marketing, using social channels and cultural events designed to deliver authentic and aspirational, yet attainable, experiences to attract and retain consumers, and these efforts have led to higher earned media value than competitors. We complement our social media efforts through a variety of brand marketing campaigns and events, which generate a constant flow of authentic content. Once we have attracted potential new customers to our sites, our goal is to convert them into active customers and then encourage repeat purchases. We acquire and retain customers through retargeting, paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our app.

We have developed an efficient logistics infrastructure, which allows us to provide free express shipping and free returns to our customers in the United States. We support our logistics network with proprietary algorithms to optimize inventory allocation, reduce shipping and fulfillment expenses and deliver merchandise quickly and efficiently to our customers. In 2019, we expanded our capacity by occupying a new centralized warehouse facility, which we believe will support growth beyond 2023.

To date, we have primarily focused on expanding our U.S. business and have grown internationally with limited investment and no physical presence. We began offering a more localized shopping experience, including free express shipping, free returns and all-inclusive pricing, for customers in the United Kingdom and the European Union in May 2018, in Australia in late 2018, and free express shipping and free returns in New Zealand and Singapore in January 2020. We are gradually increasing our level of investment in international expansion, by focusing on Europe, Australia and Canada as well as Asia Pacific over the long term. We will continue to invest in and develop international markets while maintaining our focus on the core U.S. market.

Recent Developments

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a materially negative impact on our net sales starting in the second week of March 2020 coincident with the escalation of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States and elsewhere. Net sales began to decline significantly year-over-year beginning mid-March 2020. Net sales remained lower year-over-year as we entered the second quarter of 2020, but improved each month before exiting the second quarter with year-over-year net sales growth as we continued to adjust our marketing and merchandising assortment and as states began reopening and easing shelter-in-place restrictions. We also experienced weakness in some of our key operating metrics and headwinds in the factors affecting our performance which has continued into the third quarter. For additional information see the section captioned “—Key Operating and Financial Metrics” and “—Factors Affecting Our Performance.”

In early April 2020, shortly after the pandemic began to materially impact our net sales and based on our projections at the time, we took aggressive actions to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 on our business by reducing non-payroll related operating costs and reducing payroll costs through a combination of pay cuts, employee furloughs and, to a lesser extent, layoffs. We also eliminated or deferred non-essential capital expenditures, significantly reduced planned inventory receipts by canceling or delaying orders, in addition to extending payment terms for both merchandise and non-merchandise vendor invoices.

As our business operations and operating results improved throughout the second quarter of 2020 in part due to the easing of stay-at-home orders and other state-imposed restrictions, we began the process of bringing back certain furloughed employees and returned the majority of our corporate employees, except for executives and senior management, to their pre-COVID-19 salaries and wages. In addition, we accrued for discretionary bonuses related to second quarter performance with payment subject to full year performance. In response to the improving trends in consumer demand, we sequentially increased our inventory purchases for future periods and increased operating expenses to support the business.

Our facilities and employees are based in Los Angeles County where the government has imposed restrictions designed to slow the spread of COVID-19. The vast majority of our corporate employees continue to work from home. To protect the employees that perform certain limited functions that cannot be performed at home, including those in our fulfillment center, we have implemented measures, such as the requirement for personal protective equipment, mandatory temperature checks prior to entering the facility, social distancing, enhanced cleaning and sanitation and periodic testing. Government restrictions on travel and social distancing have caused the postponement or cancellation of several REVOLVE brand marketing events including the #REVOLVEfestival, our ongoing #REVOLVEaroundtheworld series of activations as well as other social activities that drove demand for many of our products. As of the date of this report, many states have begun easing and lifting shelter-in-place orders, however, it is unclear whether these restrictions will be reimposed due to a recent surge of new cases or if the COVID-19 pandemic will spur long-term changes in consumer behavior.

Our supply chain has also been impacted by COVID-19. Initially, the impact was largely isolated to production and shipping delays in China, but as COVID-19 spread worldwide the impact to our supply chain broadened to include European nations. The spread of COVID-19 also negatively impacted consumer demand. In response, we reduced inventory receipts by canceling or delaying orders, which has led to a significant decline in our inventory balance. With the improving trends in consumer demand during the second quarter, we began to increase our inventory purchases to support future expected demand. As a result of the increase in inventory purchases, we expect our inventory balance to increase in the third and fourth quarters of 2020, as compared to the second quarter of 2020. As compared to the prior year, we expect inventory to continue to be lower throughout 2020. Despite our efforts to increase our inventory purchases in response to increased consumer demand, there is a risk that we may not be able to secure sufficient inventory to support this increased demand. Furthermore, if consumer demand decreases again, we may not be able to respond quickly enough to adjust our inventory position accordingly.

While we expect the effects of the pandemic and the related responses to continue to negatively impact our operating results, the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic is unpredictable and we cannot reasonably estimate the extent to which our business will continue to be affected.

Key Operating and Financial Metrics

We use the following metrics to assess the progress of our business, make decisions on where to allocate capital, time and technology investments, and assess the near-term and longer-term performance of our business.

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(in thousands, except average order value and percentages)
Gross margin		50.5	%		55.8	%		49.5	%		53.9	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	20,877		$	18,968		$	26,486		$	27,517
Free cash flow	$	52,976		$	1,991		$	60,506		$	12,928
Active customers		1,533			1,359			1,533			1,359
Total orders placed		1,163			1,294			2,335			2,429
Average order value	$	204		$	275		$	231		$	268

Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow are non-GAAP measures. See the section titled “Adjusted EBITDA” and “Free Cash Flow” below for information regarding our use of Adjusted EBITDA and free cash flow and their reconciliation to net income and net cash provided by operating activities, respectively.

Gross Margin

Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of sales. Gross profit as a percentage of our net sales is referred to as gross margin. Cost of sales consists of our purchase price of merchandise sold to customers and includes import duties and other taxes, freight in, defective merchandise returned from customers, receiving costs, inventory write-offs, and other miscellaneous shrinkage.

Gross margin is impacted by the mix of brands and categories of styles that we sell on our sites. Gross margin on sales of owned brands is typically higher than that for third-party brands. Gross margin is also affected by the percentage of sales through the REVOLVE segment, which consists primarily of emerging third-party, established third-party and owned brands, compared to our FORWARD segment, which consists primarily of established third-party brands. One of our long-term strategies has been to increase the percentage of net sales from owned brands given the attractive margin profile associated with them. However, in the near term, we expect that the contribution of owned brands will decrease, which will adversely impact our overall gross margin. Merchandise mix will vary from period to period and if we do not effectively manage our owned brands and accurately forecast demand, our growth, margins and inventory levels may be adversely affected.

We review our inventory levels on an ongoing basis to identify slow-moving merchandise and use product markdowns to efficiently sell these products. We monitor the percentage of sales that occur at full price, which we believe reflects customer acceptance of our merchandise and the sense of urgency we create through frequent product introductions in limited quantities. Gross margin is impacted by the mix of sales at full price and markdowns, as well as the level of markdowns. The quantity and depth of markdowns has been elevated in recent periods and may remain elevated in the short-term, in large part, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that has reduced consumer demand and led to increased promotional activity.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted gross margins in several ways. Product mix has shifted away from certain categories, such as dresses, with relatively high margins, to other categories, such as beauty, with lower margins. The percentage of full price sales has decreased as we have reduced our inventory balance and reacted to heightened promotional activities by our competitors, many of whom have physical storefronts and have been impacted even more than eCommerce companies, such as us. In addition, the contribution to net sales from our owned brands has decreased as described below in the section captioned “—Factors Affecting Our Performance—Merchandise Mix.” As a result of our cost reduction efforts described above in the section captioned “—Recent Developments,” and as a result of work restrictions imposed by Los Angeles County that have impeded our ability to design new styles and develop new brands, we expect that contribution of owned brands will be adversely affected for at least the remainder of 2020.

Certain of our competitors and other retailers report cost of sales differently than we do. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and gross margin may not be comparable to other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net income before other expense, net, taxes, depreciation and amortization, adjusted to exclude the effects of equity-based compensation expense and certain non-routine expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by management to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis and, in the case of exclusion of the impact of equity-based compensation, excludes an item that we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA to net income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019			2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	14,236	$	12,741		$	18,392	$	17,703
Excluding:
Other expense, net		174		444			47		660
Provision for income taxes		4,394		4,543			4,219		6,266
Depreciation and amortization		1,205		889			2,396		1,584
Equity-based compensation		868		521			1,432		1,032
Non-routine items⁽¹⁾		—		(170	)		—		272
Adjusted EBITDA	$	20,877	$	18,968		$	26,486	$	27,517

(1)	Non-routine items in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily relate to legal settlements.

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was positively impacted by a substantial decrease in operating expenses, both in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales, partially offset by lower net sales and lower gross margins in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was negatively impacted by lower net sales and lower gross margins, partially offset by lower operating expenses in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales in the six months ended June 30, 2020 relative to the same period in 2019.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as net cash provided by operating activities less net cash used in capital expenditures. We view free cash flow as an important indicator of our liquidity because it measures the amount of cash we generate. Free cash flow also reflects changes in working capital.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP free cash flow to cash provided by operating activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	53,806		$	6,759		$	61,887		$	22,683
Purchases of property and equipment		(830	)		(4,768	)		(1,381	)		(9,755	)
Free cash flow	$	52,976		$	1,991		$	60,506		$	12,928
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(830	)	$	(4,768	)	$	(1,381	)	$	(9,755	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	$	(5,660	)	$	15,783		$	25,315		$	15,535

Free cash flow for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was positively impacted by the significant reduction in the amount of inventory purchases, a decrease in capital expenditures and, to a lesser extent, favorable changes in working capital compared to the same period in 2019. Free cash flow for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was positively impacted by the significant reduction in the amount of inventory purchases and a decrease in capital expenditures, partially offset by unfavorable changes in working capital compared to the same period in 2019.

Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share

Adjusted diluted earnings per share is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate as diluted earnings (net loss) per share adjusted to exclude the per share impact of the issuance and repurchase of Class B common stock as part of our initial public offering, or IPO. We believe adjusted diluted earnings per share, excluding the impact of the repurchase of our Class B common stock, is a measure that is useful to investors and management in understanding our ongoing operations and in analysis of ongoing operating trends. See Note 8, Earnings (Net Loss) per Share, of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding our calculation of earnings (net loss) per share.

A reconciliation of non-GAAP adjusted diluted earnings per share to diluted earnings (net loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in dollars):

	Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020				2019						2020				2019
	Class A		Class B		Class A			Class B			Class A		Class B		Class A			Class B
Earnings (net loss) per share — diluted	$	0.20	$	0.20	$	(0.57	)	$	(0.57	)	$	0.26	$	0.26	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.51	)
Repurchase of Class B common stock, net		—		—		0.75			0.75			—		—		0.76			0.76
Adjusted earnings per share — diluted	$	0.20	$	0.20	$	0.18		$	0.18		$	0.26	$	0.26	$	0.25		$	0.25

Active Customers

We define an active customer as a unique customer account from which a purchase was made across our platform at least once in the preceding 12-month period. We calculate the number of active customers on a trailing 12-month basis given the volatility that can be observed when calculating it on the basis of shorter periods that may not be reflective of longer-term trends; however, such a methodology may not be indicative of other short-term trends, such as changes in new customers. In any particular period, we determine our number of active customers by counting the total number of customers who have made at least one purchase in the preceding 12-month period, measured from the last date of such period. We view the number of active customers as a key indicator of our growth, the reach of our sites, the value proposition and consumer awareness of our brand, the continued use of our sites by our customers and their desire to purchase our products. We believe the number of active customers is a measure that is useful to investors and management in understanding our growth, brand awareness and market opportunity. Our number of active customers drives both net sales and our appeal to vendors.

Total Orders Placed

We define total orders placed as the total number of customer orders placed by our customers across our platform in any period. We view total orders placed as a key indicator of the velocity of our business and an indication of the desirability of our products and sites to our customers. Total orders placed, together with average order value, is an indicator of the net sales we expect to recognize in a given period. We believe that total orders placed is a measure that is useful to investors and management in understanding our ongoing operations and in analysis of ongoing operating trends. Total orders placed and total orders shipped in any given period may differ slightly due to orders that are in process at the end of any particular period.

Total orders placed decreased in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 relative to the same periods in 2019 due to reduced demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the year-over-year comparison improved during the second quarter of 2020, returning to a positive year-over-year comparison in June consistent with net sales trends, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains uncertain whether total orders placed will continue to remain positive on a year-over-year basis.

Average Order Value

We define average order value as the sum of the total gross sales from our sites in a given period divided by the total orders placed in that period. We believe our high average order value demonstrates the premium nature of our product. We believe that average order value is a measure that is useful to investors and management in understanding our ongoing operations and in analysis of ongoing operating trends. Average order value varies depending on the site through which we sell merchandise, the percentage of sales at full price and for sales at less than full price, the level of markdowns. Average order value may also fluctuate as we expand into and increase our presence in additional product categories and price points, including the expansion of lower price points.

Average order value decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 relative to the same periods in 2019 driven by a shift in mix toward lower price point categories such as beauty, fewer units per order, a lower percentage of full price sales and higher markdowns on our marked down product. We expect average order value to continue to be lower year-over-year in the near term, primarily due to increased markdowns as well as a shift in mix to product categories with lower average selling prices due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business

The recent COVID-19 pandemic had a material adverse impact on our business operations and operating results for the first and second quarters of 2020 due to continued business restrictions and social distancing measures imposed in the United States and other countries, and the severe negative impact on macroeconomic conditions and consumer discretionary spending. As states began rolling back business restrictions and stay-at-home orders, our operating results improved, particularly in the latter half of the second quarter. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and we continue to expect that our business operations and results of operations will be adversely impacted through the remainder of 2020, including as a result of:

•

continued COVID-19 requirements for social distancing, including requirements by certain government authorities around the world for people to continue to remain at home and for the closure of non-essential businesses frequented by our customers for special social occasions;

•

certain states, in particular California, Florida and Texas, halting and even reversing the easing of business restrictions.

•

changing consumer spending habits, including a decrease in discretionary consumer spending for the apparel merchandise that we sell, as well as negative trends in consumer spending more generally due to the pandemic’s impact on consumers’ disposable income, credit availability, debt levels and consumer confidence;

•

possible further disruption to the supply chain caused by distribution and other logistical issues as well as potential bankruptcies impacting our suppliers or manufacturing partners;

•

decreased productivity due to work-from-home policies, travel bans or shelter-in-place orders; and

•

a slowdown in the global economy, an uncertain global economic outlook or a credit crisis.

We are focused on navigating these recent challenges presented by COVID-19 through preserving our liquidity and managing our cash flow as well as temporarily adjusting our cost structure to more closely align with top line demand and meet our short-term liquidity needs. For additional information, see the section captioned “—Recent Developments.”

Overall Economic Trends

The overall economic environment and related changes in consumer behavior have a significant impact on our business. In general, positive conditions in the broader economy promote customer spending on our sites, while economic weakness, which generally results in a reduction of customer spending, may have a more pronounced negative effect on spending on our sites. Macroeconomic factors that can affect customer spending patterns, and thereby our results of operations, include employment rates, business conditions, changes in the housing market, the availability of credit, interest rates and fuel and energy costs. In addition, during periods of low unemployment, we generally experience higher labor costs.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a materially adverse impact on the macroeconomic environment in the United States and substantially all of our target markets. We believe consumer demand has also been adversely impacted by the current political environment, including recent large-scale social unrest across much of the United States and volatile international trade relations.

Customer Acquisition and Retention and Growth in Brand Awareness

Our focus since inception has been on profitable growth, which has created our disciplined approach to acquiring new customers and retaining existing customers at a reasonable cost, relative to the contributions we expect from such customers. Growth in the number of new customers has in the past, and is expected in the future, to vary from period to period and the percentage of new customer growth rate may slow as our customer base grows. Failure to attract new visitors to our sites and convert them to customers impacts future net sales growth.

Prior to the onset of COVID-19, social media and influencer-based marketing continued to gain popularity and the market for these channels became increasingly competitive. With the onset of COVID-19, competition abated on both social media platforms as well as within the performance marketing channels we utilize to drive traffic. This resulted in favorable pricing. As competition and demand increased throughout the second quarter of 2020, pricing also began to increase. Despite the changing external environment and competitive landscape, we believe we have been able to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency of these channels. With the travel restrictions and social distancing measures imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been and will continue to be unable to engage with our customers through activations such as #REVOLVEfestival, #REVOLVEaroundtheworld and other travel and social related activities. As a result, we have shifted our brand marketing messaging and strategy to address the changes in behavior and preferences of our customer. If our efforts do not connect with our customer or fail to cost-effectively promote our brand or convert impressions into new customers, our net sales growth and profitability will be adversely affected. Furthermore, if competition for social media and influencer-based marketing channels returns to or exceeds pre-COVID-19 levels, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Our success is impacted not only by efficient and profitable customer acquisition and growth in brand awareness, but also by our ability to retain customers and encourage repeat purchases. Existing customers, whom we define as customers in a year who have purchased from us in any prior year, account for a greater share of active customers over time.

Merchandise Mix

We offer merchandise across a variety of product types, brands and price points. The brands we sell on our platform consist of a mix of emerging third-party, established third-party and owned brands. Our product mix consists primarily of apparel, footwear, accessories, and beauty products.

Our merchandise mix across our two reporting segments and across our owned brand and third-party products carry a range of margin profiles and may cause fluctuations in our gross margin. For example, our owned brands have generally contributed higher gross margin as compared to third-party brands. Historically, we have sought to increase the percentage of net sales from owned brands, which has led to an increase in gross margin over time. The mix between owned and third-party net sales and the pace of growth for owned brand net sales will vary. In the near term, shifts in merchandise mix as a result of changes in customer demand due to COVID-19, as well as a decrease in the contribution of owned brands, will adversely impact our overall gross margin. In the longer term, shifts in merchandise mix driven by changes in customer demand may result in fluctuations in our gross margin from period to period.

Inventory Management

We leverage our platform to buy and manage our inventory, including merchandise assortment and fulfillment center optimization. We utilize a data-driven “read and react” buying process to merchandise and curate the latest on-trend fashion. We generally make shallow initial inventory buys, and then use our proprietary technology tools to identify and re-order best sellers, taking into account customer feedback across a variety of key metrics, which allows us to manage inventory and fashion risk. To ensure sufficient availability of merchandise, we generally purchase inventory in advance and frequently before apparel trends are confirmed. As a result, we are vulnerable to demand and pricing shifts and to suboptimal selection and timing of merchandise purchases. We incur inventory write-offs, which impact our gross margins. Moreover, our inventory investments will fluctuate with the needs of our business. For example, entering new categories will require additional investments in inventory. Shifts in inventory levels may result in fluctuations in the percentage of full price sales, levels of markdowns, merchandise mix, as well as gross margin. We believe our level of inventory in comparison to our net sales has impacted the percentage of sales at full price, gross margins on marked-down merchandise, and overall gross margin in the current period and will likely continue to impact the percentage of sales at full price, gross margin on marked-down merchandise, and overall gross margin in the near term. In addition, our sales demand has been adversely impacted as a result of COVID-19. In response, we have significantly reduced inventory receipts by canceling or delaying orders, which has led to a significant decline in our inventory balance. As our sales demand improved sequentially throughout the second quarter, we increased our inventory purchases to support this demand. Our response may continue to impact the pace of growth in net sales in the near term as we may not have sufficient inventory or the appropriate assortment to meet customer demand.

Investment in our Operations and Infrastructure

We have made investments over time to grow our customer base and enhance our offerings. Over the long term, we expect to continue to make capital investments in our inventory, fulfillment center, and logistics infrastructure as we launch new brands, expand internationally and drive operating efficiencies. We believe these investments will yield positive returns in the long term, however, we cannot be certain that these efforts will grow our customer base or be cost-effective. In the near term, we have reduced capital expenditures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Segment and Geographic Performance

Our financial results are affected by the performance across our two reporting segments, REVOLVE and FORWARD, as well as across the various geographies in which we serve our customers.

The REVOLVE segment contributes to a majority of our net sales, representing 88.9% of our net sales for both the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 87.0% and 89.1% of our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, REVOLVE generated $126.9 million and $143.9 million in net sales, respectively, representing a decrease of 11.8%. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, REVOLVE generated $251.4 million and $266.6 million in net sales, respectively, representing a decrease of 5.7%. The net sales decreases in the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same periods in 2019, were primarily due to a decrease in average order value as well as a decrease in the number of orders placed by customers, partially offset by fewer merchandise returns. We believe COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent our efforts to manage inventory levels, have materially impacted, and will continue to impact net sales and our gross margin in the near term.

The FORWARD segment contributes to a smaller portion of our overall net sales, representing 11.1% of our net sales for both the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 13.0% and 10.9% of our net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, FORWARD generated $15.9 million and $18.0 million in net sales, respectively, representing a decrease of 11.6%. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, FORWARD generated $37.5 million and $32.6 million in net sales, respectively, representing an increase of 14.8%. The net sales decrease in the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to a decrease in average order value as well as a decrease in the number of orders placed by customers. The net sales increase in the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to an increase in the number of orders placed by customers partially offset by a decrease in average order value and fewer merchandise returns. If we are unable to continue to generate revenue and gross profit growth in the FORWARD segment, through the period impacted by COVID-19 and beyond, our financial results would be adversely impacted.

Net sales to customers outside of the United States contributed to 18.6% and 16.0% of our net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 18.1% and 16.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, net sales to customers outside of the United States were $26.5 million and $25.8 million, respectively, representing an increase of 2.6%. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, net sales to customers outside of the United States were $52.3 million and $47.8 million, respectively, representing an increase of 9.4%. Net sales to customers outside of the United States are impacted by various factors including import and export taxes, currency fluctuations and other macroeconomic conditions described in “—Overall Economic Trends” above. Increases in taxes and negative movements in currencies have also had, and may continue to have, an adverse impact on our financial results. In addition, although net sales to customers outside the United States have also been, and likely will continue to be, negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, through the date of this report overall net sales to international customers have been relatively stronger than net sales to customers in the United States.

Seasonality

Seasonality in our business does not follow that of traditional retailers, such as typical concentration of net sales in the holiday quarter. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our historical seasonality and has resulted in the postponement or cancellation of several REVOLVE brand marketing events including #REVOLVEfestival, which historically resulted in peak sales during the second quarter of each fiscal year. We have also experienced seasonally lower activity during the first quarter of each fiscal year, which was further impacted by COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020. The seasonality trends that we have experienced historically will continue to change for the remainder of 2020 as we navigate through the recent challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. With the exception of this specific event or events like it, we expect our historical seasonality to continue in future years. Our operating income has also been affected by these historical trends because many of our expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. If our growth rates begin to moderate, in the long-term, the impact of these seasonality trends on our results of operations may become more pronounced.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Net Sales

Net sales consist primarily of sales of women’s apparel, footwear, accessories and beauty. We recognize product sales at the time control is transferred to the customer, which is when the product is shipped. Net sales represent the sales of these items and shipping revenue when applicable, net of estimated returns and promotional discounts. Net sales are primarily driven by growth in the number of our customers, the frequency with which customers purchase and average order value, all of which have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales consists of our purchase price for merchandise sold to customers and includes import duties, net of drawback claims, and other taxes, freight-in, defective merchandise returned from customers, receiving costs, inventory write-offs, and other miscellaneous shrinkage. Cost of sales is primarily driven by growth in orders placed by customers, the mix of the product available for sale on our sites and transportation costs related to inventory receipts from our vendors. We expect our cost of sales to fluctuate as a percentage of net sales primarily due to how we manage our inventory and merchandise mix, both of which are further impacted by COVID-19.

Fulfillment Expenses

Fulfillment expenses represent those costs incurred in operating and staffing the fulfillment center, including costs attributed to inspecting and warehousing inventories and picking, packaging and preparing customer orders for shipment. Fulfillment expenses also include the cost of warehousing facilities. Over the long term, we expect fulfillment expenses to decrease as a percentage of net sales, but we expect fulfillment expenses to fluctuate as a percentage of net sales in the short term as we may not able to fully offset the impact of COVID-19.

Selling and Distribution Expenses

Selling and distribution expenses consist primarily of shipping and other transportation costs incurred delivering merchandise to customers and from customers returning merchandise, merchant processing fees, and customer service. Over the long term, we expect selling and distribution costs to decrease as a percentage of net sales, but we expect selling and distribution expenses to fluctuate as a percentage of net sales in the short term as we may not able to fully offset the impact of COVID-19.

Marketing Expenses

Marketing expenses consist primarily of targeted online performance marketing costs, such as retargeting, paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, search engine optimization, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our app. Marketing expenses also include our spend on brand marketing channels, including events, payments to influencers and other forms of online and offline marketing. Marketing expenses are primarily related to growing and retaining our customer base, building the REVOLVE and FORWARD brands and expanding our owned brand presence. Over the long term, we expect marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to scale our business, but remain relatively consistent as a percentage of net sales. As a result of the impact on consumer discretionary spending and the required social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have reduced our marketing investment in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales, which we expect to continue over the near-term.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related benefit costs and equity-based compensation expense for our employees involved in general corporate functions including merchandising, marketing, studio and technology, as well as costs associated with the use by these functions of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation, rent and other occupancy expenses. General and administrative expenses are primarily driven by increases in headcount required to support business growth and meet our obligations as a public company. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we reduced costs in this area in the second quarter by reducing non-payroll related expenditures and reducing our payroll-related expenses through salary, wage and schedule reductions, furloughs and to a lesser extent, layoffs. As our business operations and operating results improved throughout the second quarter of 2020 due to adjustments in our marketing and merchandise assortment as well as the easing of stay-at-home orders and other state-imposed restrictions on businesses, we began the process of bringing back certain furloughed employees and returned the majority of our corporate employees, except for executives and senior management, to their pre-COVID-19 salaries and wages. In addition, we accrued for discretionary bonuses related to second quarter performance with payment subject to full year performance. However, if state-mandated restrictions are reimposed or if the reopening of states is delayed, general and administrative expenses may increase as a percentage of net sales in the short-term as expenses are largely fixed and do not fluctuate with net sales. In the long-term, we expect general and administrative expenses to decline as a percentage of net sales as we scale our business and leverage investments in these areas.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net consists primarily of interest expense and other fees associated with our line of credit and interest income on our money market funds.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and express the relationship of certain line items as a percentage of net sales for those periods. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Net sales	$	142,784	$	161,897	$	288,859	$	299,240
Cost of sales		70,713		71,479		145,838		138,068
Gross profit		72,071		90,418		143,021		161,172
Operating expenses:
Fulfillment expenses		3,799		5,301		8,292		9,796
Selling and distribution expenses		19,054		23,639		40,833		44,230
Marketing expenses		14,638		24,914		36,588		44,412
General and administrative expenses		15,776		18,836		34,650		38,105
Total operating expenses		53,267		72,690		120,363		136,543
Income from operations		18,804		17,728		22,658		24,629
Other expense, net		174		444		47		660
Income before income taxes		18,630		17,284		22,611		23,969
Provision for income taxes		4,394		4,543		4,219		6,266
Net income	$	14,236	$	12,741	$	18,392	$	17,703

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net sales		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of sales		49.5	%		44.2	%		50.5	%		46.1	%
Gross profit		50.5	%		55.8	%		49.5	%		53.9	%
Operating expenses:
Fulfillment expenses		2.7	%		3.3	%		2.9	%		3.3	%
Selling and distribution expenses		13.3	%		14.6	%		14.1	%		14.8	%
Marketing expenses		10.3	%		15.4	%		12.7	%		14.8	%
General and administrative expenses		11.0	%		11.6	%		12.0	%		12.7	%
Total operating expenses		37.3	%		44.9	%		41.7	%		45.6	%
Income from operations		13.2	%		11.0	%		7.8	%		8.2	%
Other expense, net		0.1	%		0.3	%		0.0	%		0.2	%
Income before income taxes		13.0	%		10.7	%		7.8	%		8.0	%
Provision for income taxes		3.1	%		2.8	%		1.5	%		2.1	%
Net income		10.0	%		7.9	%		6.4	%		5.9	%

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Net Sales

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	142,784	$	161,897	$	(19,113	)		(11.8	%)

The decrease in net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to a decrease in average order value to $204 from $275 due to lower average order values within both segments and a decrease in the number of orders placed by customers of 10.1%. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease in the amount of returned merchandise.

Net sales in the REVOLVE segment decreased 11.8% to $126.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net sales of $143.9 million in the same period in 2019. Net sales generated from our FORWARD segment decreased 11.6% to $15.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net sales of $18.0 million in the same period in 2019.

Cost of Sales

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of sales	$	70,713		$	71,479		$	(766	)		(1.1	%)
Percentage of net sales		49.5	%		44.2	%

The decrease in cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to a decrease in the volume of merchandise sold combined with lower receiving costs and inventory write-offs, partially offset by a higher mix of third-party brand sales, which generally carry higher cost of sales than that of owned brand goods. The increase in cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was due to a higher percentage of markdown sales and deeper markdowns within the markdown component of net sales, combined with a shift in category mix of merchandise sales and a higher mix of third party brand sales as compared to the same period in 2019. Third-party brand sales generally carry lower gross margins than that of owned brand sales.

Fulfillment Expenses

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Fulfillment expenses	$	3,799		$	5,301		$	(1,502	)		(28.3	%)
Percentage of net sales		2.7	%		3.3	%

The decrease in fulfillment expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was the result of a decrease in the number of units processed. The decrease in fulfillment expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to efficiencies gained through the consolidation and automation of our fulfillment center in the prior year combined with lower returned merchandise received.

Selling and Distribution Expenses

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Selling and distribution expenses	$	19,054		$	23,639		$	(4,585	)		(19.4	%)
Percentage of net sales		13.3	%		14.6	%

The decrease in selling and distribution expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily the result of a decrease in both the number of orders shipped and returned combined with lower merchant processing fees, customer service costs, and packaging expenses. Shipping and handling costs decreased $3.0 million, merchant processing fees decreased $1.0 million, customer service expenses decreased $0.3 million, and packaging expenses decreased $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019.

Marketing Expenses

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Marketing expenses	$	14,638		$	24,914		$	(10,276	)		(41.2	%)
Percentage of net sales		10.3	%		15.4	%

The decrease in marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to reduced investment in both brand marketing activations and performance marketing campaigns The reduced marketing investment was driven primarily by the cancelation of several brand marketing events, including the #REVOLVEfestival combined with cost-control efforts and efficiencies in marketing investments due to COVID-19. As a result, we experienced a decrease of $6.6 million in brand marketing expenses and a decrease of $3.7 million in performance marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative expenses	$	15,776		$	18,836		$	(3,060	)		(16.2	%)
Percentage of net sales		11.0	%		11.6	%

The decrease in general and administrative expenses in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019, was due to the cost reduction actions

taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in a $1.3 million decrease in salaries and related benefits due to salary and wage reductions, furloughs and, to a lesser extent, layoffs, a decrease of $0.7 million related to lower professional services and other occupancy costs, and a $1.0 million decrease in other costs as result of the elimination of non-essential items.

Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes	$	18,630		$	17,284
Provision for income taxes		4,394			4,543
Effective tax rate		23.6	%		26.3	%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to an excess tax benefit related to the exercise of non-qualified stock options during the second quarter of 2020.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Net Sales

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	288,859	$	299,240	$	(10,381	)		(3.5	%)

The decrease in net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to a decrease in average order value to $231 from $268 in the same period in 2019 and a decrease in the number of orders placed by customers of 3.9% as compared to the same period in 2019. These decreases were partially offset by a decrease in the amount of returned merchandise.

Net sales in the REVOLVE segment decreased 5.7% to $251.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net sales of $266.6 million in the same period in 2019. Net sales generated from our FORWARD segment increased 14.8% to $37.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to net sales of $32.6 million in the same period in 2019.

Cost of Sales

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of sales	$	145,838		$	138,068		$	7,770		5.6	%
Percentage of net sales		50.5	%		46.1	%

The increase in cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to a higher mix of third-party brand sales, which generally carry higher cost of sales than that of owned brand goods, partially offset by a decrease in volume of merchandise sold. The increase in cost of sales as a percentage of net sales was due to a shift in category mix of merchandise sales, a higher percentage of markdown sales and deeper markdowns within the markdown sales, combined with a higher mix of third party brand sales as compared to the same period in 2019. Third-party sales generally carry lower gross margins than that of owned brand sales.

Fulfillment Expenses

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Fulfillment expenses	$	8,292		$	9,796		$	(1,504	)		(15.4	%)
Percentage of net sales		2.9	%		3.3	%

The decrease in fulfillment expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily the result of a decrease in the number of units processed and a decrease in the incremental costs associated with moving into our new fulfillment center in the prior year. The decrease in fulfillment expenses as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to lower moving costs and rent expense, efficiencies gained through the consolidation and automation of our fulfillment center that took place in 2019 combined with lower returned merchandise received.

Selling and Distribution Expenses

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Selling and distribution expenses	$	40,833		$	44,230		$	(3,397	)		(7.7	%)
Percentage of net sales		14.1	%		14.8	%

The decrease in selling and distribution expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was the result of a decrease in both the number of orders shipped and returned combined with lower merchant processing fees. Shipping and handling costs decreased $2.3 million and merchant processing fees decreased $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019.

Marketing Expenses

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Marketing expenses	$	36,588		$	44,412		$	(7,824	)		(17.6	%)
Percentage of net sales		12.7	%		14.8	%

The decrease in marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to reduced investment in both brand marketing activations and performance marketing campaigns. The reduced marketing investment was driven primarily by the cancelation of several brand marketing events, including the #REVOLVEfestival combined with cost-control efforts and efficiencies in marketing investments due to COVID-19. As a result, we experienced a decrease of $4.4 million in brand marketing expenses and a decrease of $3.4 million in performance marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019.

General and Administrative Expenses

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
	2020			2019			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
General and administrative expenses	$	34,650		$	38,105		$	(3,455	)		(9.1	%)
Percentage of net sales		12.0	%		12.7	%

The decrease in general and administrative expenses in absolute dollars and as a percentage of net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019, was due to the cost reduction actions taken

in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in a $1.1 million decrease in salaries and related benefits due to salary and wage reductions, furloughs and layoffs, and a $2.8 million decrease in other operating expenses as result of the elimination of non-essential items, partially offset by an increase of $0.5 million in costs to operate as a public company.

Income Taxes

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes	$	22,611		$	23,969
Provision for income taxes		4,219			6,266
Effective tax rate		18.7	%		26.1	%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to an excess tax benefit related to the exercise of non-qualified stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following tables show our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and working capital as of the dates indicated:

	As of
	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	150,772	$	65,418
Accounts receivable, net		4,849		4,751
Working capital		118,919		97,816

As of June 30, 2020, the majority of our cash and cash equivalents was held for working capital purposes. In March 2020, due to the uncertain environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic and out of an abundance of caution, we elected to draw down $30 million in borrowings under our line of credit of which $6.0 million was subsequently repaid in June 2020. In addition, in the first part of April, we took preemptive actions to preserve our liquidity and manage our cash flow by reducing non-payroll related operating costs and reducing payroll costs through a combination of pay cuts, employee furloughs and to a lesser extent layoffs. We also eliminated or deferred non-essential capital expenditures, significantly reduced planned inventory receipts by canceling or delaying orders, in addition to extending payment terms for both merchandise and non-merchandise vendor invoices. As our business operations and operating results gradually improved throughout the second quarter of 2020, in part due to a shift in our marketing and merchandise assortment and the easing of stay-at-home orders and other state-imposed restrictions on businesses, we began the process of bringing back certain furloughed employees and returned the majority of our corporate employees, except for executives and senior management, to their pre-COVID-19 salaries and wages. In addition, we accrued for discretionary bonuses related to second quarter performance with payment subject to full year performance. However, due to the continued uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, we plan to continue controlling our cost structure, capital expenditures and liquidity position through the efforts previously mentioned. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months, including the repayment of outstanding borrowings upon the expiration of our line of credit. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect given the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect.

Sources of Liquidity

Since our inception, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily through cash flows generated by operations, private sales of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, as well as the net proceeds we received through our IPO. As of June 30, 2020, we have raised a total of $68.3 million from the sale of equity units, net of costs and expenses associated with such financings, including net proceeds from our IPO.

Our primary use of cash includes operating costs such as merchandise purchases, compensation and benefits, marketing and other expenditures necessary to support our business growth. We used a substantial portion of the proceeds from the IPO to repurchase shares of our Class B common stock. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalent balances and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for at least the next 12 months, including the repayment of outstanding borrowings upon the expiration of our line of credit. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect given the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect. We may seek to borrow additional funds under our line of credit or raise additional funds at any time through equity, equity-linked or debt financing arrangements. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those described in Item 1A — Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We may not be able to secure additional financing to meet our operating requirements on acceptable terms, or at all.

Line of Credit

In March 2016, we entered into a line of credit with Bank of America, N.A. that provides us with up to $75.0 million aggregate principal in revolver borrowings. Borrowings under the credit agreement accrue interest, at our option, at (1) a base rate equal to the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate and (c) the LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75%, or (2) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. We are also obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type, including an unused commitment fee and fees associated with letters of credit. The credit agreement also permits us, in certain circumstances, to request an increase in the facility by an additional amount of up to $25.0 million (in an initial minimum amount of $10 million and in increments of $5 million thereafter) at the same maturity, pricing and other terms. As of June 30, 2020, we had $24.0 million outstanding on the line of credit. The weighted-average interest rate of debt outstanding at June 30, 2020 was 2.2%. No borrowings were outstanding as of December 31, 2019.

Our obligations under the credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets. The credit agreement also contains customary covenants restricting our activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in mergers and acquisitions, enter into transactions involving related parties, obtain letters of credit, incur indebtedness or grant liens or negative pledges on our assets, make loans or make other investments. Under these covenants, we are prohibited from paying cash dividends with respect to our capital stock. We were in compliance with all covenants as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Historical Cash Flows

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	61,887		$	22,683
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,381	)		(9,755	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		25,315			15,535

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Cash from operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, equity-based compensation, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we generated $61.9 million of operating cash flow as compared to $22.7 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in our operating cash flow was primarily due to favorable changes in working capital primarily due to lower inventory receipts, as well as an increase in net income.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Our primary investing activities have consisted of purchases of property and equipment to support our fulfillment centers and our overall business growth and internally developed software for the continued development of our proprietary technology infrastructure. Purchases of property and equipment may vary from period-to-period due to timing of the expansion of our operations.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.4 million and $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to capital expenditures incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2019 relating to the consolidation, expansion and automation of our fulfillment center infrastructure, which was completed in late 2019.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Until our IPO, our financing activities historically have primarily consisted of borrowings and repayments related to the existing line of credit.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $25.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, which was attributable to proceeds from borrowings on our line of credit, net of repayments, and the cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $15.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, which was attributable to the proceeds from our IPO, net of the repurchase of the preference amount, underwriting discounts, and offering expenses, in addition to payments of deferred offering costs.

Contractual Obligations

As of June 30, 2020, our principal obligations consist of obligations under operating leases for office and fulfillment facilities. There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations and commitments, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 we did not have any material off balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net sales, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies as compared to the critical accounting policies and significant judgments and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2020.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that any decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable. We have elected to use this extended transition period under the JOBS Act.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, of our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We have operations both within the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effects of foreign currency fluctuations, interest rate changes and inflation. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is set forth below.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Cash and cash equivalents are held primarily in money market funds and cash deposits. The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of these instruments. Interest on our line of credit borrowings incurred pursuant to the credit agreement described above accrue at a floating rate based on a formula tied to certain market rates at the time of incurrence; however, we do not expect that any change in prevailing interest rates will have a material impact on our results of operations.

Foreign Currency Risk

Most of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore, our net sales are not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. Our operating expenses are denominated in the currencies of the countries and territories in which our operations are located, and may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the British Pound. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our consolidated statements of income. To date, foreign currency transaction gains and losses have not been material to our consolidated financial statements, and we have not engaged in any foreign currency hedging transactions.

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. We continue to monitor the impact of inflation in order to minimize its effects through pricing strategies, productivity improvements and cost reductions. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in legal proceedings and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the results of legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe we are not currently party to any legal proceedings which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. We also pursue litigation to protect our legal rights and additional litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property and our contractual rights, to protect our confidential information or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others.

We are a defendant in a purported class action lawsuit filed in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, which was filed in May 2019, arising from employee wage-and-hour claims under California law for alleged meal period, rest period, payment of wages at separation, wage statement violations, and unfair business practices. On January 6, 2020, we and the individual defendant in the case entered into a binding memorandum of understanding to settle the case, which will need to be submitted for court approval prior to becoming final. Due to court closures and logistical complications related to the COVID-19 pandemic, resolution of this matter has not moved forward. In December, 2019, we accrued approximately $1.0 million to general and administrative expenses which as of June 30, 2020, still remained accrued within accrued expenses on the condensed consolidated balance sheet included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves certain risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, in addition to the other information contained in this report, including the section of this report captioned “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of the events described in the following risk factors or the risks described elsewhere in this report occurs, our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed. This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of factors that are described below and elsewhere in this report.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

The COVID-19 pandemic has materially adversely affected, and likely will continue to adversely affect, our business, financial position, results of operations and growth prospects.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and likely will continue to have, severe negative repercussions across local, state and national economies and financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a deterioration in the global economy and our industry and could result in a sustained period of substantial economic and financial turmoil. Our employees, suppliers and customers are located in areas affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has subjected us to many risks, including the impact from:

•

business restrictions and social distancing mandates, which have caused us to curtail normal operations and reduced productivity;

•

the postponement or cancellation of brand marketing events including the #REVOLVEfestival that have historically driven customer acquisition and demand for our merchandise;

•

changes in consumer behavior, confidence and discretionary spending;

•

supply chain disruptions; and

•

a global slowdown and profound economic uncertainty.

In addition, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have required all employees who are able to do so to work remotely indefinitely. It is possible that widespread remote work arrangements may have a negative impact on our operations, the execution of our business plans, the productivity and availability of key personnel and other employees necessary to conduct our business, and on third-party service providers who perform critical services for us, or otherwise cause operational failures due to changes in our normal business practices necessitated by the outbreak and related governmental actions. If a natural disaster, power outage, connectivity issue, or other event occurred that impacted our employees’ ability to work remotely, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible, for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. The increase in remote working may also result in consumer privacy, data security, and fraud risks, and our understanding of applicable legal and regulatory requirements, as well as the latest guidance from regulatory authorities in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, may be subject to legal or regulatory challenge, particularly as regulatory guidance evolves in response to future developments.

The ultimate scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the global economy and our industry are difficult to predict. There can be no assurances that the actions we have already taken or will take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic will prevent or mitigate any associated risks or repercussions. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the disease or mitigate its impact, and the duration, timing and severity of the impact on customer behavior, including any recession resulting from the pandemic, all of which are unpredictable. An extended period of economic disruption as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic would have a material negative impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and growth prospects. The COVID-19 pandemic may also intensify the risks described in the other risk factors disclosed in this report.

Our operating results could be adversely affected by natural disasters, public health crises, political crises, social unrest or other catastrophic events.

Our principal offices, data centers and our fulfillment center are located in Southern California, an area which has a history of earthquakes, and are thus vulnerable to damage. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, wildfires, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other adverse weather and climate conditions; unforeseen public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic; political crises, such as terrorist attacks, war and other political instability; social unrest; or other catastrophic events, whether occurring in the United States or internationally, could disrupt our operations in any of our offices and fulfillment center or the operations of one or more of our third-party providers or vendors.

If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak we were growing rapidly; however, in response to the pandemic and related unforeseen business conditions, we took several actions in early April 2020 to reduce costs and operations to levels that were more commensurate with then-current sales. Those actions included furloughs, pay reductions, reductions in capital expenditures and, to a lesser extent, layoffs, among other things. As net sales improved throughout the second quarter of 2020 in part due to the easing of stay-at-home orders and other state-imposed restrictions on businesses, we began to bring back furloughed employees and return the majority of our corporate employees, except for executives and senior management, to their pre-COVID-19 salaries and wages. Consumer behavior may be slow to return to pre-COVID-19 patterns and levels, if at all. To effectively manage future growth we must continue to implement our operational plans and strategies, improve our business processes, improve and expand our infrastructure of people and information systems, and expand, train and manage our employee base. To return to and support future growth, we must effectively induce service providers that were affected by our COVID-19 responses to return or stay with us or integrate, develop and motivate a large number of new employees while maintaining our corporate culture. We face significant competition for personnel. Our ability to return to growth may be complicated by the actions we have taken and their effect on service providers who may seek opportunities with other companies. To attract top talent, we offer, and expect to continue to offer, competitive compensation and benefits packages before we can validate the productivity of new employees. We may also elect to increase compensation levels to remain competitive in attracting and retaining talented employees. We may not be able to re-hire or hire new employees quickly enough to meet our needs. If we fail to effectively manage our hiring needs or successfully

integrate new hires, our efficiency, our ability to meet forecasts and our employee morale, productivity and retention could suffer, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We are also required to manage numerous relationships with various vendors and other third parties. Changes in our operations, vendor base, fulfillment center, information technology systems or internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support our operations. If we are unable to manage the return to growth of our organization effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

If we are unable to anticipate and respond to changing customer preferences and shifts in fashion and industry trends in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

Our success largely depends on our ability to consistently gauge tastes and trends and provide a diverse and balanced assortment of merchandise that satisfies customer demands in a timely manner. We typically enter into agreements to manufacture and purchase our merchandise in advance of trends, shifts in customer preference and typical selling seasons. Our failure to anticipate, identify or react appropriately, or in a timely manner to changes in customer preferences, tastes and trends or economic conditions, including near and long-term changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, could lead to, among other things, missed opportunities, excess inventory or inventory shortages, markdowns and write-offs, any of which could negatively impact our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Failure to respond to changing customer preferences and fashion trends could also negatively impact our brand image with our customers and result in diminished brand loyalty.

We rely on consumer discretionary spending, which may be adversely affected by economic downturns and other macroeconomic conditions or trends.

Our business and operating results are subject to global economic conditions and their impact on consumer discretionary spending. Some of the factors that may negatively influence consumer spending, many of which are becoming increasingly present as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability, include high levels of unemployment, higher consumer debt levels, reductions in net worth, declines in asset values and related market uncertainty, home foreclosures and reductions in home values, fluctuating interest rates and credit availability, fluctuating fuel and other energy costs, fluctuating commodity prices and general uncertainty regarding the overall future political and economic environment, and recent large-scale social unrest across much of the United States. Economic conditions in certain regions may also be affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tropical storms and wildfires. Consumer purchases of discretionary items, including the merchandise that we offer, generally decline during periods of economic uncertainty, when disposable income is reduced or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence.

Adverse economic changes reduce consumer confidence, and have, and in the future could, negatively affect our operating results. In challenging and uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict when macroeconomic uncertainty may arise, whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen or what impact such circumstances could have on our business. Our business is being adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the duration and severity of which is unpredictable.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Our quarterly operating results may fluctuate for a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond our control. These reasons include those described in these risk factors as well as the following:

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fluctuations in net sales generated from the brands on our sites, including as a result of the continued effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonality trends and the timing and success, including postponement and cancellations, of events that we host, such as the #REVOLVEfestival in the Coachella Valley;

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fluctuations in product mix between sites and between owned and non-owned brands;

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our ability to effectively launch and manage new sites and brands;

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fluctuations in the levels or quality of inventory;

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fluctuations in the percentage of full price sales, levels of markdowns and gross margins;

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fluctuations in capacity as we expand our operations;

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our success in engaging existing customers and attracting new customers;

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the amount and timing of our operating expenses;

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the timing and success of new products and brands we introduce;

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the impact of competitive developments and our response to those developments;

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our ability to manage our existing business and future growth;

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disruptions or defects in our sites, or actual or perceived privacy or data security breaches; and

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economic and market conditions, particularly those affecting our industry.

Fluctuations in our quarterly operating results may cause those results to fall below the expectations of analysts or investors, which could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline. Fluctuations in our results could also cause a number of other problems. For example, analysts or investors might change their models for valuing our Class A common stock, we could experience short-term liquidity issues, our ability to retain or attract key personnel may diminish and other unanticipated issues may arise.

In addition, we believe that our quarterly operating results may vary in the future and that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. For example, our historical growth may have overshadowed the seasonal effects on our historical operating results. These seasonal effects may become more pronounced over time, which could also cause our operating results to fluctuate. You should not rely on the results of one quarter as an indication of future performance.

Our industry is highly competitive and if we do not compete effectively our operating results could be adversely affected.

The retail industry is highly competitive. We compete with department stores, specialty retailers, independent retail stores, the online offerings of these traditional retail competitors and eCommerce companies that market merchandise similar to the merchandise we offer. We believe our ability to compete depends on many factors within and beyond our control, including:

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attracting new customers and engaging with existing customers;

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cultivating our relationships with our customers;

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further developing our data analytics capabilities;

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maintaining favorable brand recognition and effectively marketing our services to customers;

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the amount, diversity and quality of brands and merchandise that we or our competitors offer;

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maintaining and curating an appealing portfolio of owned brands and merchandise;

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the price at which we are able to offer our merchandise;

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maintaining and growing our market share;

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price fluctuations or demand disruptions of our third-party vendors;

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the speed and cost at which we can deliver merchandise to our customers and the ease with which they can use our services to return merchandise; and

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anticipating and quickly responding to changing apparel trends and consumer shopping preferences.

We expect competition to increase as other established and emerging companies enter the markets in which we compete, as customer requirements evolve and as new products and technologies are introduced.

Many of our current competitors have, and potential competitors may have, longer operating histories, larger fulfillment infrastructures, greater technical capabilities, faster shipping times, lower-cost shipping, larger databases, greater financial, marketing, institutional and other resources and larger customer bases than we do. These factors may allow our competitors to derive greater revenue and profits from their existing customer bases, acquire customers at lower costs or respond more quickly than we can to new or emerging technologies and changes in apparel trends and consumer shopping behavior. These competitors may engage in more extensive research and development efforts, enter or expand their presence in the personalized retail market, undertake more far-reaching marketing campaigns, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies, which may allow them to build larger customer bases or generate revenue from their existing customer bases more effectively than we do. If we fail to execute on any of the above better than our competitors, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Competition, along with other factors such as consolidation within the retail industry and changes in consumer spending patterns, could also result in significant pricing pressure. These factors may cause us to reduce prices to our customers, which could cause our gross margins to decline if we are unable to appropriately manage inventory levels and/or otherwise offset price reductions with comparable reductions in our operating costs. Competitors have engaged in significantly heightened promotional activities as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As result of those activities and COVID-19-related changes in consumer behavior, we have experienced a lower level of sales at full price and deeper markdowns. If our prices decline and we fail to sufficiently reduce our product costs or operating expenses, our profitability may decline, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Certain of our key operating metrics are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

We track certain key operating metrics using internal data analytics tools, which have certain limitations. In addition, we rely on data received from third parties, including third-party platforms, to track certain performance indicators. Data from both such sources may include information relating to fraudulent accounts and interactions with our sites or the social media accounts of our influencers (including as a result of the use of bots, or other automated or manual mechanisms to generate false impressions that are delivered through our sites or their accounts). We have only limited abilities to verify data from our sites or third parties, and perpetrators of fraudulent impressions may change their tactics and may become more sophisticated, which would make it still more difficult to detect such activity.

Our methodologies for tracking metrics may also change over time, which could result in changes to the metrics we report. If we undercount or overcount performance due to the internal data analytics tools we use or issues with the data received from third parties, or if our internal data analytics tools contain algorithmic or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate or comparable with prior periods. In addition, limitations, changes or errors with respect to how we measure data may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our longer-term strategies.

If our performance metrics are not accurate representations of the reach or monetization of our network, if we discover material inaccuracies in our metrics or the data on which such metrics are based, or if we can no longer calculate any of our key performance metrics with a sufficient degree of accuracy and cannot find an adequate replacement for the metric, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We may be unable to accurately forecast net sales and appropriately plan our expenses in the future.

We base our current and future expense levels on our operating forecasts and estimates of future net sales and gross margins. Net sales and operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume, timing, value and type of the orders we receive, all of which are uncertain. In addition, we cannot be sure the same growth rates, trends and other key performance metrics are meaningful predictors of future growth. Our business is affected by general economic and business conditions in the United States, and we anticipate that it will be increasingly affected by conditions in international markets. In addition, we experience seasonal trends in our business, and our mix of product offerings is highly variable from day-to-day and quarter-to-quarter. This variability makes it difficult to predict sales and could result in significant fluctuations in our net sales, margins and profitability from period-to-period. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced even further uncertainty to our operating forecasts and estimates of future net sales and gross margins. As a result of COVID-19, we have experienced declining net sales and gross margins in recent periods and we expect COVID-19 to continue to impact our operating results for some time. A significant portion of our expenses are fixed, and as a result, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in net sales. As a result of the negative impact of COVID-19 on our net sales, we significantly reduced our fixed costs; however, these aggressive cost reductions may not be sufficient to maintain profitability in the near term and customer acquisition and lifetime value over the long term. Furthermore, we may be unable to further adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any incremental unexpected shortfall in net sales. Any failure to accurately predict net sales or gross margins could cause our operating results to be lower than expected, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and stock price.

Our recent growth rates are not indicative of expected results in the near term.

Although our net sales and profitability grew rapidly prior to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, this should not be considered as indicative of our future near term performance. The duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact on our business and consumer behavior, is unpredictable and may impede or prevent a return to growth. Even if we manage through the current crisis, we may not be successful in executing our growth strategy, and even if we achieve our strategic plan, we may not be able to sustain profitability. In future periods, our net sales may not fully recover and could continue to decline or grow more slowly than we expect.

We believe that our return to revenue growth, and potential future growth, will depend upon, among other factors, our ability to:

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address the short- and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by adjusting our cost structure, meeting our customers’ service expectations, shifting our marketing strategy and maintaining a relevant merchandise assortment;

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identify new and emerging brands, maintain relationships with emerging and established brands, and develop, grow and curate existing owned brands or develop new owned brands;

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acquire new customers and retain existing customers;

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offer an assortment of merchandise that is attractive to consumers;

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develop new features to enhance the consumer experience on our sites;

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increase the frequency with which new and repeat customers purchase products on our sites through merchandising, data analytics and technology;

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add new suppliers and deepen our relationships with our existing suppliers;

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enhance and scale the systems our consumers use to interact with our sites and invest in our infrastructure platform;

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target additional categories and price points beyond premium apparel for Millennials, such as luxury, beauty, men’s apparel and lower price points;

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expand internationally; and

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pursue strategic acquisitions.

We cannot assure you we will be able to achieve any of the foregoing. Our customer base may not continue to grow or may decline as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, increased competition, and the maturation of our business. Failure to continue our revenue growth rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. You should not rely on our historical rate of revenue growth as an indication of our future performance or the rate of growth we may experience in any new category or internationally.

Our business depends on our ability to maintain a strong community of brands, engaged customers and influencers. We may not be able to maintain and enhance our existing brand community if we receive customer complaints, negative publicity or otherwise fail to live up to consumers’ expectations, which could materially adversely affect our business, operating results and growth prospects.

Over the course of 2019, we offered over 750 emerging and established brands through REVOLVE, including 24 brands developed and owned by us, which we refer to as owned brands, and over 300 brands through FORWARD, but we have a limited operating history with many of these brands. Our ability to identify new brands and maintain and enhance our relationships with our existing brands is critical to expanding our base of customers. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ecosystem of emerging and established brands is unpredictable. If we are unable to maintain an assortment of brands and styles that resonates with our customer, our operating results and brand could be negatively impacted. A significant portion of our customers’ experience depends on third parties outside of our control, including vendors, suppliers and logistics providers such as FedEx, UPS and the U.S. Postal Service. If these third parties do not meet our or our customers’ expectations or if they increase their rates, our business may suffer irreparable damage or our costs may increase. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global supply chain. If our third-party service providers are negatively impacted and they are not able to meet our or our customers’ expectations or if rates increase, our operating results and our brand may be negatively impacted. In addition, maintaining and enhancing relationships with third-party brands may require us to make substantial investments, and these investments may not be successful. Also, if we fail to promote and maintain our brands, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business, operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining and enhancing our brands may become increasingly difficult and expensive. Maintaining and enhancing our brands will depend largely on our ability to provide high quality products to our customers and a reliable, trustworthy and profitable sales channel to our vendors, which we may not do successfully.

Customer complaints or negative publicity about our sites, products, product delivery times, customer data handling and security practices, customer support or other actions taken by us, especially on blogs, social media websites and our sites, could rapidly and severely diminish consumer use of our sites and consumer and supplier confidence in us and result in harm to our brands. We believe that much of the growth in our customer base to date has originated from social media and our influencer-driven marketing strategy. While COVID-19-related travel

restrictions and social distancing measures remain in place we are unable to engage with consumers through activations such as #REVOLVEfestival, #REVOLVEaroundtheworld and other activities that we have used to acquire customers and drive sales. If our shifts in marketing to address these restrictions and changes in consumer behavior and preferences are not effective, our operating results will be adversely affected. Over the long term, if we are not able to develop and maintain positive relationships with our large network influencers, our ability to promote and maintain awareness of our sites and brands and leverage social media platforms to drive visits to our sites may be adversely affected.

Use of social media and influencers may materially and adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.

We use third-party social media platforms as, among other things, marketing tools. For example, we maintain Instagram, Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, TikTok and WeChat accounts. We also maintain relationships with thousands of social media influencers and engage in sponsorship initiatives. As existing eCommerce and social media platforms continue to rapidly evolve and new platforms develop, and as customer behavior changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic we must continue to maintain a presence on these platforms and establish presences on new or emerging popular social media platforms. If we are unable to cost-effectively use social media platforms as marketing tools or if the social media platforms we use change their policies or algorithms, we may not be able to fully optimize such platforms, and our ability to maintain and acquire customers and our financial condition may suffer.

Furthermore, as laws and regulations and public opinion rapidly evolve to govern the use of social media platforms, our ability to use certain platforms as marketing tools may become limited or restricted, which could adversely impact our business and operating results. For example, on August 6, 2020, President Trump issued two executive orders that will restrict U.S. businesses’ use of TikTok and WeChat, two Chinese-owned mobile applications. Effective 45 days after the execution of the orders, U.S. businesses will be prohibited from carrying out any transaction with ByteDance Ltd., the owner of TikTok, or its subsidiaries, and any transaction that is related to WeChat with Tencent Holding Ltd. or its subsidiaries. The failure by us, our employees, our network of social media influencers, our sponsors or third parties acting at our direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of social media platforms or otherwise could subject us to regulatory investigations, class action lawsuits, liability, fines or other penalties and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

In addition, an increase in the use of social media for product promotion and marketing may cause an increase in the burden on us to monitor compliance of such materials, and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. For example, in some cases, the FTC has sought enforcement action where an endorsement has failed to clearly and conspicuously disclose a financial relationship or material connection between an influencer and an advertiser. We do not prescribe what our influencers post, and if we were held responsible for the content of their posts or their actions, we could be fined or forced to alter our practices, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

Negative commentary regarding us, our products or influencers and other third parties who are affiliated with us may also be posted on social media platforms and may be adverse to our reputation or business. Influencers with whom we maintain relationships could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate directly with our customers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect us. It is not possible to prevent such behavior, and the precautions we take to detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Our target consumers often value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.

If we fail to acquire new customers, or fail to do so in a cost-effective manner, we may not be able to increase net sales or maintain profitability.

Our success depends on our ability to acquire customers in a cost-effective manner. In order to expand our customer base, we must appeal to and acquire customers who have historically used other means of commerce in shopping for apparel and may prefer alternatives to our offerings, such as traditional brick-and-mortar retailers and

the websites of our competitors. We have made significant investments related to customer acquisition and expect to continue to spend significant amounts to acquire additional customers. For example, we engage in social media marketing campaigns and maintain relationships with thousands of social media and celebrity influencers. Such campaigns are expensive and may not result in the cost-effective acquisition of customers. In addition, the competition for relationships with influencers is increasing, and the cost of maintaining such relationships will likely increase. We cannot assure you that the net sales contribution from new customers we acquire will ultimately exceed the cost of acquiring those customers. If we fail to deliver a quality shopping experience, or if consumers do not perceive the products we offer to be of high value and quality, we may not be able to acquire new customers. If we are unable to acquire new customers who purchase products in numbers sufficient to grow our business, we may not be able to generate the scale necessary to drive beneficial network effects with our suppliers, our net sales may decrease, and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected. As social media and influencer based marketing gains popularity, the market for these channels has become increasingly competitive. We believe we have maintained the effectiveness and efficiency of these channels in recent periods; however, if competition continues to increase, it may impact our operating results.

We also seek to engage with our customers and build awareness of our brands through sponsoring unique events and experiences such as #REVOLVEfestival, #REVOLVEaroundtheworld, and #REVOLVEawards, as well as short-term pop-up retail experiences. We anticipate that our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive as competition increases, and generating a meaningful return on those initiatives may be difficult. In addition, several of such events have been, and may in the future be, postponed or cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the behavior of our target demographics will change as a result of the pandemic in a manner that makes such events less effective. If our marketing efforts are not successful in promoting awareness of our brands and products, driving customer engagement or attracting new customers, or if we are not able to cost-effectively manage our marketing expenses, our operating results will be adversely affected.

We obtain a significant amount of traffic via social networking websites or other channels used by our current and prospective customers. As eCommerce and social networking continue to rapidly evolve, we must continue to establish relationships with these channels and may be unable to develop or maintain these relationships on acceptable terms. We also use paid and non-paid advertising. We acquire and retain customers through retargeting, paid search/product listing ads, affiliate marketing, paid social, personalized email marketing and mobile “push” communications through our mobile apps. If we are unable to cost-effectively drive traffic to our sites, our ability to acquire new customers and our financial condition would suffer.

If we fail to retain existing customers, or fail to maintain average order value levels, we may not be able to maintain our revenue base and margins, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

A significant portion of our net sales are generated from sales to existing customers, particularly those existing customers who are highly engaged and make frequent and/or large purchases of the merchandise we offer. If existing customers no longer find our offerings appealing, or if we are unable to timely update our offerings to meet current trends and customer demands, our existing customers may make fewer or smaller purchases in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic has also adversely impacted our ability to retain existing customers. A decrease in the number of our customers who make repeat purchases or a decrease in their spending on the merchandise we offer could negatively impact our operating results. Further, we believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to increase sales to our existing customers over time, and if we are unable to do so, our business may suffer. If we fail to generate repeat purchases or maintain high levels of customer engagement and average order value, our growth prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We purchase inventory in anticipation of sales, and if we are unable to manage our inventory effectively, our operating results could be adversely affected.

Our business requires us to manage a large volume of inventory effectively. We add new apparel, footwear, accessories and beauty styles to our sites every week, and we depend on our forecasts of demand for and popularity of various products to make purchase decisions and to manage our inventory of stock-keeping units, or SKUs. Demand for products, however, can change significantly between the time inventory is ordered and the date of sale. Demand may be affected by, among other things, the COVID-19 pandemic, seasonality, new product launches,

rapid changes in product cycles and pricing, product defects, promotions, changes in consumer spending patterns, changes in consumer tastes with respect to our products and other factors, political instability and social unrest, and our consumers may not purchase products in the quantities that we expect.

Seasonality in our business has not historically followed that of traditional retailers, such as typical concentration of net sales in the holiday quarter. We believe our historical results have been impacted by a pattern of increased sales leading up to #REVOLVEfestival in April and during May and June, which results in peak sales during the second quarter of each fiscal year. We have experienced seasonally slower activity during the first quarter. We expect this seasonality to continue in future years; however, given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the postponement and cancellation of several events such as #REVOLVEfestival, 2020 will likely not follow typical patterns.

It may be difficult to accurately forecast demand and determine appropriate levels of product. We generally do not have the right to return unsold products to our suppliers. If we fail to manage our inventory effectively or negotiate favorable credit terms with third-party suppliers, we may be subject to a heightened risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in inventory values, and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs. In addition, if we are required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory levels or to pay higher prices to our suppliers, our profit margins might be negatively affected. Any failure to manage owned brand expansion or accurately forecast demand for owned brands could adversely affect growth, margins and inventory levels. In addition, our ability to meet customer demand may be negatively impacted by a shortage in inventory due to reduced inventory purchases or disruptions in the supply chain due to a number of factors, including, for example, the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in China. A substantial majority of our owned brand products and a substantial portion of the products we source from third parties are manufactured in China. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and will continue to impact, our supply chain and may delay or prevent the manufacturing or transport of product that is sourced in China. While we seek to further diversify our supply chain and sourcing, we may not be able to diversify in a cost effective manner, or at all, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, COVID-19 has impacted the supply chain worldwide and therefore, diversification of the supply chain and sourcing may not yield the targeted benefits.

Merchandise returns could harm our business.

We allow our customers to return products, subject to our return policy. If the rate of merchandise returns increases significantly or if merchandise return economics become less efficient, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. Further, we modify our policies relating to returns from time to time, which may result in customer dissatisfaction or an increase in the number of product returns. From time to time our products are damaged in transit, which can increase return rates and harm our brand. We generally accept merchandise returns for full refund if returned within 30 days of the original purchase date and for exchange up to 60 days from the original purchase date. Given the interruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we instituted a temporary policy that merchandise returns will be accepted for full refund if returned within 60 days of the original purchase date and may be exchanged up to 90 days from the original purchase date. Due to this extension of the return period and as shelter in place restrictions are lifted, we may experience heightened levels of returns, which may negatively impact our operating results and financial position.

Any inability to identify, develop and introduce new merchandise offerings in a timely and cost-effective manner may damage our business, financial condition and operating results.

The retail industry is driven in part by fashion and beauty trends, which may shift quickly. Our continued success depends on our ability to anticipate, gauge and react in a timely and cost-effective manner to changes in consumer preferences for products, consumer attitudes toward our industry and brand and where and how consumers shop for those products. We must continually work to develop, produce and market new products, maintain and enhance the recognition of our brands, maintain a favorable mix of products and develop our approach as to how and where we market and sell our products.

We have an established process for the identification, development, evaluation and validation of our new products. Nonetheless, each new product launch involves risks, as well as the possibility of unexpected consequences. For example, sales of our new products may not be as high as we anticipate, due to lack of acceptance

of the products themselves or their price, or limited effectiveness of our marketing strategies. In addition, our ability to launch new products may be limited by delays or difficulties affecting the ability of our suppliers or manufacturers to timely manufacture, distribute and ship new products. Sales of new products may also be affected by inventory management. We may also experience a decrease in sales of certain existing products as a result of newly-launched products. Any of these occurrences could delay or impede our ability to achieve our sales objectives, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. In recent periods, our inventory position has increased at a greater rate than that of net sales, particularly in our REVOLVE segment where we have made significant investments in our owned brand platform and the launch of the superdown.com site, our lower price point offering. We believe our efforts to manage inventory levels have impacted the percentage of sales at full price and gross margin in the current period and will likely continue to impact the percentage of sales at full price and gross margin in the near term. These efforts may also impact the pace of growth in net sales in the near term.

As part of our ongoing business strategy we expect we will need to continue to introduce new products in our traditional product categories of clothing, shoes and accessories, while also expanding our product launches into adjacent categories in which we may have little to no operating experience. For example, we launched a lower price point offering in March 2019, which may adversely affect customer lifetime value and our operating results. The success of product launches in adjacent categories could be hampered by our relative inexperience operating in such categories, the strength of our competitors or any of the other risks referred to above. Furthermore, any expansion into new product categories may prove to be an operational and financial constraint which inhibits our ability to successfully accomplish such expansion. Our inability to introduce successful products in our traditional categories or in adjacent categories could limit our future growth and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

There is no assurance that consumers will continue to purchase our products in the future. Customers may consider our offerings to be premium products and purchase fewer or lower-priced products if their discretionary income decreases. During periods of economic uncertainty, we may need to reduce prices in response to competitive pressures or otherwise, to maintain sales, which may adversely affect margins and profitability.

Our business, including our costs and supply chain, is subject to risks associated with sourcing, manufacturing and warehousing.

A majority of the merchandise we offer on our sites is sourced from third-party vendors, and as a result we may be subject to price fluctuations or demand disruptions. Our operating results would be negatively impacted by increases in the prices of our merchandise, and we have no guarantees that prices will not rise. In addition, as we expand into new categories and product types, we expect that we may not have strong purchasing power in these new areas, which could lead to higher prices than we have historically seen in our current categories. We may not be able to pass increased prices on to customers, which could adversely affect our operating results. As a result of COVID-19, we experienced a delay in the manufacturing and delivery of goods to us. In the event of an extended and significant disruption in the supply of the fabrics or raw materials used in the manufacture of the merchandise we offer as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, we and the vendors that we work with might not be able to locate alternative suppliers of materials of comparable quality at an acceptable price.

In addition, merchandise and materials we receive from vendors and suppliers may not be of sufficient quality or free from damage, or such merchandise may be damaged during shipping, while stored in our fulfillment center or when returned by customers. We may incur additional expenses and our reputation could be harmed if customers and potential customers believe that our merchandise does not meet their expectations, is not properly labeled or is damaged.

If we do not successfully optimize, operate and manage the expansion of capacity of our fulfillment center, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

If we do not optimize and operate our fulfillment center successfully and efficiently, it could result in excess or insufficient fulfillment capacity, an increase in costs or impairment charges or harm our business in other ways. If we do not have sufficient fulfillment capacity or experience a problem fulfilling orders in a timely manner, our

customers may experience delays in receiving their purchases, which could harm our reputation and our relationship with our customers.

We have designed and built our own fulfillment center infrastructure, including customizing third-party inventory and package handling software systems, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of our business. If we continue to add fulfillment and warehouse capabilities, add new businesses or categories with different fulfillment requirements or change the mix in products that we sell, our fulfillment network will become increasingly complex and operating it will become more challenging. Failure to successfully address such challenges in a cost-effective and timely manner could impair our ability to timely deliver our customers’ purchases and could harm our reputation and ultimately, our business, financial condition and operating results.

In September 2018, we entered into a five-year lease for approximately 281,000 square feet of fulfillment and office space. In the first quarter of 2019, we consolidated substantially all of our fulfillment activities into this centralized facility and have terminated the lease of our prior distribution facility. Our remaining fulfillment centers and unoccupied warehouse space were sublet through the majority of their remaining lease terms, which are set to expire at the end of 2020. Additionally, by the end of 2019 we had terminated the leases on two of the buildings in our prior distribution facility footprint. We expect that our current capacity will support our near-term growth plans. Over the long term, we cannot assure you that we will be able to locate suitable facilities on commercially acceptable terms in accordance with our expansion plans, nor can we assure you that we will be able to recruit qualified managerial and operational personnel to support our expansion plans. If we are unable to secure new facilities for the expansion of our fulfillment operations or to effectively control expansion-related expenses, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected. If we grow faster than we anticipate, we may exceed our fulfillment center capacity sooner than we anticipate, we may experience problems fulfilling orders in a timely manner or our customers may experience delays in receiving their purchases, which could harm our reputation and our relationship with our customers, and we would need to increase our capital expenditures more than anticipated. Many of the expenses and investments with respect to our fulfillment center are fixed, and any expansion of such fulfillment center will require additional investment of capital. We expect to incur higher capital expenditures in the future for our fulfillment center operations. We may incur such expenses or make such investments in advance of expected sales, and such expected sales may not occur.

Our sole fulfillment center is located Los Angeles County which has imposed restrictions on businesses in an effort to slow the spread of COVID-19. Although we have adopted safety measures and continue to operate our fulfillment center, these restrictions impact the efficiency and effectiveness of our operations. If government authorities impose more stringent restrictions on businesses, including ones that would require closure of our fulfillment center, or if there is an outbreak in our fulfillment center, we may not be able to meet customer demand in a timely way which would have a materially adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

We rely on third-party suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and other vendors, and they may not continue to produce products or provide services that are consistent with our standards or applicable regulatory requirements, which could harm our brand, cause consumer dissatisfaction, and require us to find alternative suppliers of our products or services.

We do not own or operate any manufacturing facilities. We use multiple third-party suppliers and manufacturers based primarily in China and, to a lesser extent, the United States and other countries including India to source and manufacture all of our products under our owned brands. The outbreak of COVID-19 led to the temporary closure and reduced capacity of our manufacturing partners, which resulted in delayed delivery of product to us. We engage our third-party suppliers and manufacturers on a purchase order basis and are not party to long-term contracts with any of them. The ability of these third parties to supply and manufacture our products may be affected by competing orders placed by other customers and the demands of those customers. If we experience significant increases in demand, or need to replace a significant number of existing suppliers or manufacturers, there can be no assurance that additional supply and manufacturing capacity will be available when required on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, or that any supplier or manufacturer will allocate sufficient capacity to us in order to meet our requirements. Furthermore, our reliance on suppliers and manufacturers outside of the United States, the number of third parties with whom we transact and the number of jurisdictions to which we sell complicates our efforts to comply with customs duties and excise taxes; any failure to comply could adversely affect our business.

In addition, quality control problems, such as the use of materials and delivery of products that do not meet our quality control standards and specifications or comply with applicable laws or regulations, could harm our business. In the past, we have experienced negative press and government enforcement actions as a result of our vendors’ failure to comply with certain applicable laws and regulations, and may experience similar negative press as a result of any future non-compliance by our vendors. We do not regularly inspect these vendors and quality control problems could result in regulatory action, such as restrictions on importation, products of inferior quality or product stock outages or shortages, harming our sales and creating inventory write-downs for unusable products.

We have also outsourced portions of our distribution process, as well as certain technology-related functions, to third-party service providers. Specifically, we rely on third parties in a number of foreign countries and territories, we are dependent on third-party vendors for credit card processing, and we use third-party hosting and networking providers to host our sites. The failure of one or more of these entities to provide the expected services on a timely basis, or at all, or at the prices we expect, or the costs and disruption incurred in changing these outsourced functions to being performed under our management and direct control or that of a third party, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are not party to long-term contracts with some of our distributors, and upon expiration of these existing agreements, we may not be able to renegotiate the terms on a commercially reasonable basis, or at all.

Further, our third-party manufacturers, suppliers and distributors may:

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have economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours;

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take actions contrary to our instructions, requests, policies or objectives;

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be unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations under relevant purchase orders, including obligations to meet our production deadlines, quality standards, pricing guidelines and product specifications, and to comply with applicable regulations, including those regarding the safety and quality of products;

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have financial difficulties;

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encounter raw material or labor shortages;

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encounter increases in raw material or labor costs which may affect our procurement costs;

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encounter difficulties with proper payment of custom duties or excise taxes;

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misuse our confidential information or intellectual property or disclose them to competitors or third parties;

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engage in activities or employ practices that may harm our reputation; and

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work with, be acquired by, or come under control of, our competitors.

Shipping is a critical part of our business and any changes in our shipping arrangements or any interruptions in shipping could adversely affect our operating results.

We primarily rely on two major vendors for our shipping. If we are not able to negotiate acceptable pricing and other terms with these entities or they experience performance problems or other difficulties, it could negatively impact our operating results and our customer experience. In addition, our ability to receive inbound inventory efficiently and ship merchandise to customers may be negatively affected by public health crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, inclement weather, fire, flood, power loss, earthquakes, labor disputes, acts of war or terrorism, trade embargoes, customs and tax requirements and similar factors. For example, strikes at major international shipping ports have in the past impacted our supply of inventory from our vendors. Trade disputes between the United States and China have and may continue to lead to increased tariffs on our goods and restrict the flow of the goods between the United States and China. The COVID-19 outbreak caused delayed shipments from

our manufacturing partners and other third party suppliers, initially in China but over time impacting third parties worldwide. We are also subject to risks of damage or loss during delivery by our shipping vendors. If our merchandise is not delivered in a timely fashion or is damaged or lost during the delivery process, our customers could become dissatisfied and cease shopping on our sites, which would adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our failure to adequately and effectively staff our fulfillment center, through third parties or with our own employees, could adversely affect our customer experience and operating results.

We currently receive and distribute merchandise at a single fulfillment center in Los Angeles County, which is not operated by a third party. If we are unable to adequately staff our fulfillment center to meet demand or if the cost of such staffing is higher than historical or projected costs due to mandated wage increases, regulatory changes, international expansion or other factors, our operating results could be harmed. In addition, operating fulfillment centers comes with potential risks, such as workplace safety issues and employment claims for the failure or alleged failure to comply with labor laws or laws respecting union organizing activities. Various health and safety restrictions imposed by state and local authorities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have also adversely impacted our ability to staff our fulfillment center. If government authorities impose more stringent restrictions on businesses, including ones that would require closure of our fulfillment center, or if there is an outbreak in our fulfillment center, we may not be able to meet customer demand in a timely way which would have a materially adverse impact on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects. Any such issues may result in delays in shipping times or packing quality, and our reputation and operating results may be harmed.

Any failure by us or our vendors to comply with product safety, labor or other laws, or to provide safe conditions for our or their workers may damage our reputation and brand and harm our business.

The merchandise we sell to our customers is subject to regulation by the Federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission and similar state and international regulatory authorities. As a result, such merchandise could be in the future subject to recalls and other remedial actions. Product safety, labeling and licensing concerns, including consumer disclosure and warning regarding chemical exposure, may require us to voluntarily remove selected merchandise from our inventory. Such recalls or voluntary removal of merchandise can result in, among other things, lost sales, diverted resources, potential harm to our reputation and increased customer service costs and legal expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

We purchase our merchandise from numerous domestic and international vendors. Failure of our vendors to comply with applicable laws and regulations and contractual requirements could lead to litigation against us, resulting in increased legal expenses and costs. In addition, the failure of any such vendors to provide safe and humane factory conditions and oversight at their facilities could damage our reputation with customers or result in legal claims against us.

If our suppliers fail to use ethical business practices and fail to comply with changing laws and regulations, our brand image could be harmed due to negative publicity.

Our core values, which include developing the highest quality products while operating with integrity, are an important component of our brand image, which makes our reputation sensitive to allegations of unethical or improper business practices, whether real or perceived. We do not control our suppliers and manufacturers or their business, and they may not comply with our guidelines or the law. A lack of compliance could lead to reduced sales or recalls or damage to our brand or cause us to seek alternative suppliers, which could increase our costs and result in delayed delivery of our products, product shortages or other disruptions of our operations. In addition, we rely on our manufacturers’ and suppliers’ compliance reporting in order to comply with regulations applicable to our products. This is further complicated by the fact that expectations of ethical business practices continually evolve and may be substantially more demanding than applicable legal requirements. Ethical business practices are also driven in part by legal developments and by diverse groups active in publicizing and organizing public responses to perceived ethical shortcomings. Accordingly, we cannot predict how such regulations or expectations might develop in the future and cannot be certain that our guidelines or current practices would satisfy all parties who are active in monitoring our products or other business practices worldwide.

We have operations and do business in China, which exposes us to risks inherent in doing business there.

We use multiple third-party suppliers and manufacturers based primarily in China. With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, the cost of labor has increased and may continue to increase in the future. Furthermore, pursuant to Chinese labor laws, employers in China are subject to various requirements when signing labor contracts, paying remuneration, determining the term of employees’ probation and unilaterally terminating labor contracts. Our results of operations will be materially and adversely affected if the labor costs of our third-party suppliers and manufacturers increase significantly. In addition, we and our manufacturers and suppliers may not be able to find a sufficient number of qualified workers due to the intensely competitive and fluid market for skilled labor in China. We also sell our merchandise to customers in China and use Chinese-owned social media platforms such as TikTok and WeChat to market to and transact with customers inside and outside of China.

Operating and doing business in China and using Chinese-owned social media platforms as tools for marketing, messaging and transacting with our customers exposes us to political, legal and economic risks. In particular, the political, legal and economic climate in China, both nationally and regionally, and China’s relationship with the United States, is fluid and unpredictable. Our ability to operate and do business in China, and use Chinese-owned social media platforms, may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. and Chinese laws and regulations such as those related to, among other things, taxation, import and export tariffs, custom duties, social media, environmental regulations, land use rights, intellectual property, currency controls, network security, employee benefits, hygiene supervision and other matters. In addition, we may not obtain or retain the requisite legal permits to continue to operate in China, and costs or operational limitations may be imposed in connection with obtaining and complying with such permits. In addition, Chinese trade regulations are in a state of flux, and we may become subject to other forms of taxation, tariffs and duties in China. Furthermore, the third parties we rely on in China may disclose our confidential information or intellectual property to competitors or third parties, which could result in the illegal distribution and sale of counterfeit versions of our products. If any of these events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. See also “—Recent and potential tariffs imposed by the U.S. government or a global trade war could increase the cost of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

Our reliance on overseas manufacturing and supply partners, including vendors located in jurisdictions presenting an increased risk of bribery and corruption, exposes us to legal, reputational, and supply chain risk through the potential for violations of federal and international anti-corruption law.

We derive a significant portion of our merchandise for our owned brands from third-party manufacturing and supply partners in foreign countries and territories, including countries and territories perceived to carry an increased risk of corrupt business practices. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, prohibits U.S. corporations and their representatives from offering, promising, authorizing or making payments to any foreign government official, government staff member, political party or political candidate in an attempt to obtain or retain business abroad. Likewise, the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), the U.S. Department of State, as well as other foreign regulatory authorities continue to enforce economic and trade regulations and anti‑corruption laws, across industries. U.S. trade sanctions relate to transactions with designated foreign countries and territories as well as specially targeted individuals and entities that are identified on U.S. and other government blacklists, and those owned by them or those acting on their behalf. Notwithstanding our efforts to conduct our operations in material compliance with these regulations, our international vendors could be determined to be our “representatives” under the FCPA, which could expose us to potential liability for the actions of these vendors under the FCPA. If we or our vendors were determined to have violated OFAC regulations, the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010, or any of the anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws in the countries and territories where we and our vendors do business, we could suffer severe fines and penalties, profit disgorgement, injunctions on future conduct, securities litigation, bans on transacting certain business, and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the costs we may incur in defending against any anti-corruption investigations stemming from our or our vendors’ actions could be significant. Moreover, any actual or alleged corruption in our supply chain could carry significant reputational harms, including negative publicity, loss of good will, and decline in share price.

If we fail to attract and retain key personnel, or effectively manage succession, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

Our success, including our ability to anticipate and effectively respond to changing style trends, depends in part on our ability to attract and retain key personnel on our executive team, particularly our co-chief executive officers, and in our merchandising, data science, engineering, marketing, design and other organizations. Competition for key personnel is strong, and we cannot be sure that we will be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future, or that the compensation costs of doing so will not adversely affect our operating results. We do not have long-term employment or non-competition agreements with any of our personnel. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic we undertook cost reduction measures in early April 2020 that included salary reductions, furloughs and, to a lesser extent, layoffs. As net sales improved throughout the second quarter of 2020 in part due to the easing of stay-at-home orders and other state-imposed restrictions on businesses, we began to bring back furloughed employees and return the majority of our corporate employees, except for executives and senior management, to their pre-COVID-19 salaries and wages. However, if we are unable to retain, attract and motivate talented employees with the appropriate skills at cost-effective compensation levels, or if changes to our business adversely affect morale or retention, we may not achieve our objectives and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, the loss of one or more of our key personnel or the inability to promptly identify a suitable successor to a key role could have an adverse effect on our business. In particular, our co-chief executive officers have unique and valuable experiences leading our company from its inception through today. If either of them were to depart or otherwise reduce their focus on our company, our business may be disrupted. We do not currently maintain key-person life insurance policies on any member of our senior management team or other key employees.

Increases in labor costs, including wages, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Labor is a significant portion of our cost structure and is subject to many external factors, including unemployment levels, prevailing wage rates, minimum wage laws, potential collective bargaining arrangements, health insurance costs and other insurance costs and changes in employment and labor legislation or other workplace regulation. From time to time, legislative proposals are made to increase the federal minimum wage in the United States, as well as the minimum wage in California and a number of other states and municipalities, and to reform entitlement programs, such as health insurance and paid leave programs. As minimum wage rates increase or related laws and regulations change, we may need to increase not only the wage rates of our minimum wage employees, but also the wages paid to our other hourly or salaried employees. Any increase in the cost of our labor could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations or if we fail to pay such higher wages we could suffer increased employee turnover. Increases in labor costs could force us to increase prices, which could adversely impact our sales. If competitive pressures or other factors prevent us from offsetting increased labor costs by increases in prices, our profitability may decline and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, the job market in Southern California, where our principal offices and fulfillment center as well as the majority of our employees are located, is very competitive.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unforeseen financial challenges and uncertainties for us. In response, we determined that cost-cutting measures were necessary and prudent to position us to continue to operate in a successful manner. The various cost-cutting measures included salary reductions, furloughs and, to a lesser extent, layoffs, which may implicate the federal Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, or the WARN Act, and the analogue California law. As of the date of this report, many of the furloughs and salary and wage reductions have been reversed and the majority of our corporate employees are currently receiving their pre-COVID wages and salaries. We believe that these measures were necessary to improve the likelihood of preserving the jobs of our remaining employees. The WARN Act typically requires, among other things, that companies notify affected employees and certain government agencies and elected officials of any mass layoff at least 60 days before the layoff, with associated wage and hour penalties for failure to provide proper notice. However, under both federal law and, as a result of California Governor Gavin Newsom’s Executive Order N-31-20, California law, employers may, as we have done, avail themselves of exceptions from providing the full 60 days’ notice based on unforeseen business circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We provided notice to affected employees and required government agencies and elected officials as soon as practicable.

Developments in labor and employment law and any unionizing efforts by employees could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We face the risk that Congress, federal agencies or one or more states could approve legislation or regulations significantly affecting our businesses and our relationship with our employees and other individuals providing valuable services to us, such as our influencers and models. For example, the previously proposed federal legislation referred to as the Employee Free Choice Act would have substantially liberalized the procedures for union organization. None of our domestic employees are currently covered by a collective bargaining agreement, but any attempt by our employees to organize a labor union could result in increased legal and other associated costs. Additionally, given the National Labor Relations Board’s “speedy election” rule, our ability to timely and effectively address any unionizing efforts would be difficult. If we enter into a collective bargaining agreement with our domestic employees, the terms could materially adversely affect our costs, efficiency and ability to generate acceptable returns on the affected operations.

Federal and state wage and hour rules establish minimum salary requirements for employees to be exempt from overtime payments. For example, among other requirements, California law requires employers to pay employees who are classified as exempt from overtime a minimum salary of at least twice the minimum wage, which is currently $54,080 per year for executive, administrative and professional employees with employers that have 26 or more employees. Employees in California who are exempt under the computer professional exemption, for example, must now be paid at least $96,968.33. Minimum salary requirements impact the way we classify certain employees, increases our payment of overtime wages and provision of meal or rest breaks, and increases the overall salaries we are required to pay to currently exempt employees to maintain their exempt status. As such, these requirements may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Further, the laws and regulations that govern the status and classification of independent contractors and other similar non-employee services providers are subject to change and divergent interpretations by various authorities, which can create uncertainty and unpredictability for us. For example, a new law in California, known as Assembly Bill 5, which took effect in January 2020, codifies and extends an employment classification test set forth by the California Supreme Court that established a new standard for determining employee or independent contractor status. The passage of this bill, and other similar initiatives throughout the United States, could lead to additional challenges to the classification of influencers and models, and a potential increase in claims, lawsuits, arbitration proceedings, administrative actions, government investigations and other legal and regulatory proceedings at the federal, state and municipal levels challenging the classification of any influencers or models as independent contractors. Such regulatory scrutiny or actions over such classification practices also may create different or conflicting obligations from one jurisdiction to another. Although we are currently not involved in any material legal actions and, to our knowledge, there have been no materials claims of misclassification made against us, the likelihood of misclassification claims in states like California has increased in light of laws such as Assembly Bill 5, and the results of any such litigation or arbitration are inherently unpredictable and legal proceedings related to such claims, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Regardless of the outcome, litigation and arbitration of misclassification and wage and hour claims can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs individually and in the aggregate, diversion of management resources and other factors, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If sensitive information, including such information about our customers, is disclosed or accessed without authorization, or if we or our third-party providers are subject to real or perceived cyberattacks, our customers may curtail use of our platform, we may be exposed to liability and our reputation would suffer.

We collect, transmit and store personal and financial information provided by our customers, such as names, email addresses, the details of transactions and credit card and other financial information. Some of our third-party service providers, such as identity verification and payment processing providers, also regularly have access to customer data. Additionally, we maintain other confidential, proprietary, or otherwise sensitive information relating to our business and from third parties. In an effort to protect sensitive information, we rely on a variety of security measures, including encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties. However, advances in computer capabilities, increasingly sophisticated tools and methods used by hackers and cyber terrorists, new

discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in our failure or inability to adequately protect sensitive information.

Our servers are located in close proximity to one another in Southern California and are vulnerable to power outages, telecommunications failures and catastrophic events. Like other online services, they are also vulnerable to computer viruses, unauthorized access, phishing or social engineering attacks, ransomware attacks, denial-of-service attacks and other real or perceived cyberattacks. Any of these incidents could lead to interruptions or shutdowns of our platform, loss or corruption of data, or unauthorized access to or disclosure of personal data or other sensitive information. Cyberattacks could also result in the theft of our intellectual property. We have been subject to attempted cyber, phishing or social engineering attacks in the past and may continue to be subject to such attacks in the future. If we gain greater visibility, we may face a higher risk of being targeted by cyberattacks. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in cyberattacks becoming more sophisticated and more difficult to detect. We and our third-party service providers may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent all such cyberattacks, and we or they may face difficulties or delays in identifying and responding to cyberattacks and data security breaches. Moreover, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers. Security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including phishing attacks, social engineering, and other intentional or inadvertent actions by our employees, our third-party service providers, or their personnel. Our third-party service providers also face these risks.

We incur significant costs in an effort to detect and prevent security breaches and other security-related incidents and we expect our costs will increase as we make improvements to our systems and processes to prevent further breaches and incidents. In the event of a future breach or incident, we could be required to expend additional significant capital and other resources in an effort to prevent further breaches or incidents, which may require us to divert substantial resources. Moreover, we could be required or otherwise find it appropriate to expend significant capital and other resources to respond to, notify third parties of, and otherwise address the incident or breach and its root cause. Each of these could require us to divert substantial resources.

We and our third-party service providers regularly experience cyberattacks aimed at disrupting our and their services. If we or our third-party service providers experience, or are believed to have experienced, security breaches that result in marketplace performance or availability problems or the loss or corruption of, or unauthorized access to or disclosure of, personal data or confidential information, people may become unwilling to provide us the information necessary to make purchases on our sites and our reputation and market position could be harmed. Existing customers may also decrease their purchases or close their accounts altogether. We could also face potential claims, investigations, regulatory proceedings, liability and litigation, and bear other substantial costs in connection with remediating and otherwise responding to any data security breach, all of which may not be adequately covered by insurance, and which may result in an increase in our costs for insurance or insurance not being available to us on economically feasible terms, or at all. Insurers may also deny us coverage as to any future claim. Any of these results could harm our growth prospects, financial condition, business and reputation.

Failure to comply with federal, state and international laws and regulations and our contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, or the expansion of current or the enactment of new laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection, could adversely affect our business and our financial condition.

We collect and maintain significant amounts of personal data and other data relating to our customers and employees. A variety of federal, state and international laws and regulations, and certain industry standards, govern or apply to our collection, use, retention, sharing and security of consumer data. We are subject to certain laws, regulations, contractual obligations and industry standards (including, for example, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, or PCI-DSS) relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, including California’s Consumer Legal Remedies Act and unfair competition and false advertising laws, which are evolving and subject to potentially differing interpretations. These requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may conflict with other rules or our practices. As a result, our practices likely have not complied or may not comply in the future with all such laws, regulations, requirements and obligations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our privacy policies or with any federal, state or international laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes

of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we may be subject or other legal or contractual obligations relating to privacy, data protection, information security or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others or other liabilities or require us to change our operations and/or cease or modify our use of certain data sets. Any such claim, proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, brand and business, force us to incur significant expenses in defense of such proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, result in a loss of customers and suppliers or an inability to process credit card payments and may result in the imposition of monetary penalties. We may also be contractually required to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any laws, regulations or other legal obligations relating to privacy or consumer protection or any inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure of data that we store or handle as part of operating our business. Additionally, any failure by us to comply with the PCI-DSS may violate payment card association operating rules, applicable laws and regulations, and contractual obligations to which we are subject. Any such failure to comply with the PCI-DSS also may subject us to fines, penalties, damages, and civil liability, or the loss of our ability to accept credit and debit card payments, any of which may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Federal, state and international governmental authorities continue to evaluate the privacy implications inherent in the use of third-party “cookies” and other methods of online tracking for behavioral advertising and other purposes. The United States and foreign governments have enacted, have considered or are considering legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict the ability of companies and individuals to engage in these activities, such as by regulating the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools or the use of data gathered with such tools. Additionally, some providers of consumer devices and web browsers have implemented, or announced plans to implement, means to make it easier for Internet users to prevent the placement of cookies or to block other tracking technologies, which could if widely adopted result in the use of third-party cookies and other methods of online tracking becoming significantly less effective. Regulation of the use of these cookies and other online tracking and advertising practices, or a loss in our ability to make effective use of services that employ such technologies, could increase our costs of operations and limit our ability to track trends, optimize our product assortment or acquire new customers on cost-effective terms and consequently, materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Foreign laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection, information security, and consumer protection often are more restrictive than those in the United States. The European Union, for example, traditionally has imposed stricter obligations under its laws and regulations relating to privacy, data protection and consumer protection than the United States. In May 2018 the European Union’s regulation governing data practices and privacy called the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, became effective. The GDPR requires companies to meet more stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data of individuals in the EU than were required under predecessor EU requirements. In the United Kingdom, a Data Protection Act that substantially implements the GDPR also became law in May 2018, and was further amended pursuant to a statutory amendment in 2019 that further aligns it with the GDPR. The GDPR also increases the penalties for non-compliance, which may result in monetary penalties of up to 20.0 million Euros or 4% of a company’s worldwide turnover, whichever is higher. The GDPR and other similar regulations require companies to give specific types of notice and in some cases seek consent from consumers and other data subjects before collecting or using their data for certain purposes, including some marketing activities. Outside of the European Union, many countries and territories have laws, regulations, or other requirements relating to privacy, data protection, information security, localized storage of data, and consumer protection, and new countries and territories are adopting such legislation or other obligations with increasing frequency. Many of these laws may require consent from consumers for the use of data for various purposes, including marketing, which may reduce our ability to market our products. There is no harmonized approach to these laws and regulations globally. Consequently, we would increase our risk of non-compliance with applicable foreign data protection laws by expanding internationally. We may need to change and limit the way we use personal information in operating our business and may have difficulty maintaining a single operating model that is compliant. In addition, various federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies, or self-regulatory organizations, may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection. For example, in 2018, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which, among other things, requires new disclosures to California consumers and affords such consumers new abilities to opt out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA was amended on multiple occasions and is the subject of regulations issued by the

California Attorney General regarding certain aspects of the law and its application. Aspects of the CCPA remain unclear and there is uncertainty regarding its interpretation and enforcement. The effects of the CCPA potentially are significant, however, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Moreover, a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA, recently was certified by the California Secretary of State to appear on the ballot for the November 3, 2020 election. If this initiative is approved by California voters, the CPRA would significantly modify the CCPA, potentially resulting in further uncertainty and requiring us to incur additional costs and expenses in an effort to comply. As a general matter, compliance with laws, regulations, and any applicable rules or guidance from self-regulatory organizations relating to privacy, data protection, information security and consumer protection, may result in substantial costs and may necessitate changes to our business practices, which may compromise our growth strategy, adversely affect our ability to acquire customers, and otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

System interruptions that impair customer access to our sites or other performance failures in our technology infrastructure could damage our business, reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.

The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our sites, transaction-processing systems and technology infrastructure are critical to our reputation and our ability to acquire and retain customers, as well as maintain adequate customer service levels.

We currently use two redundant third-party data center hosting facilities in Los Angeles County, California. If the facilities where the computer and communications hardware are located fail, or if we suffer an interruption or degradation of services at our main facility, we could lose customer data and miss order fulfillment deadlines, which could harm our business. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, cyberattacks, data loss, acts of war, break-ins, earthquake and similar events. For example, in September 2018 a distributed denial of service, or DDoS, attack caused our sites to be down for several hours, and we could be the subject of similar attacks in the future. In the event of a failure of our main facility, the failover to our back-up facility could take substantial time, during which time our sites could be completely shut down. Our back-up facility is designed to support transaction volume at a level slightly above our average daily sales, but is not adequate to support spikes in demand. The back-up facility may not process effectively during time of higher traffic to our sites and may process transactions more slowly and may not support all of our sites’ functionality.

We use complex custom-built proprietary software in our technology infrastructure, which we seek to continually update and improve. We may not always be successful in executing these upgrades and improvements, and the operation of our systems may be subject to failure. In particular, we have in the past and may in the future experience slowdowns or interruptions in some or all of our sites when we are updating them, and new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with existing systems on a timely basis, or at all. Additionally, if we expand our use of third-party services, including cloud-based services, our technology infrastructure may be subject to increased risk of slowdown or interruption as a result of integration with such services and/or failures by such third parties, which are out of our control. Our net sales depend on the number of visitors who shop on our sites and the volume of orders we can handle. Unavailability of our sites or reduced order fulfillment performance would reduce the volume of goods sold and could also materially adversely affect consumer perception of our brand. We may experience periodic system interruptions from time to time. In addition, continued growth in our transaction volume, as well as surges in online traffic and orders associated with promotional activities or seasonal trends in our business, place additional demands on our technology platform and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interruptions. If there is a substantial increase in the volume of traffic on our sites or the number of orders placed by customers, we will be required to further expand, scale and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. There can be no assurance that we will be able to accurately project the rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of our sites or expand, scale and upgrade our technology, systems and infrastructure to accommodate such increases on a timely basis. In order to remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our sites, which is particularly challenging given the rapid rate at which new technologies, customer preferences and expectations and industry standards and practices are evolving in the eCommerce industry. Accordingly, we redesign and enhance various functions on our sites on a regular basis, and we may experience instability and performance issues as a result of these changes.

Any slowdown or failure of our sites and the underlying technology infrastructure could harm our business, reputation and our ability to acquire, retain and serve our customers, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses that could occur.

We are increasingly dependent on information technology, and if we are unable to protect against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, our operations could be disrupted.

We rely on information technology networks and systems to market and sell our products, to process, transmit and store electronic and financial information, to manage a variety of business processes and activities and to comply with regulatory, legal and tax requirements. We are increasingly dependent on a variety of information systems to effectively process customer orders. We depend on our information technology infrastructure for digital marketing activities and for electronic communications among our personnel, customers, manufacturers and suppliers around the world. These information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns due to failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, attacks by computer hackers, telecommunication failures, user errors or catastrophic events. Any material disruption of our systems, or the systems of our third-party service providers, could disrupt our ability to track, record and analyze the products that we sell and could negatively impact our operations, shipment of goods, ability to process financial information and transactions, and our ability to receive and process retail customers and eCommerce orders or engage in normal business activities. If our information technology systems suffer damage, disruption or shutdown and we do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we could experience delays in reporting our financial results.

Our eCommerce operations are important to our business. Our website serves as an effective extension of our marketing strategies by exposing potential new consumers to our brand, product offerings and enhanced content. Due to the importance of our website and eCommerce operations, we are vulnerable to website downtime and other technical failures. Our failure to successfully respond to these risks could reduce eCommerce sales and damage our brand’s reputation.

We must successfully maintain, scale and upgrade our information technology systems, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We have identified the need to significantly expand, scale and improve our information technology systems and personnel to support recent and expected future growth. As such, we are in process of implementing, and will continue to invest in and implement, significant modifications and upgrades to our information technology systems and procedures, including replacing legacy systems with successor systems, making changes to legacy systems or acquiring new systems with new functionality, hiring employees with information technology expertise and building new policies, procedures, training programs and monitoring tools. These types of activities subject us to inherent costs and risks associated with replacing and changing these systems, including impairment of our ability to leverage our eCommerce channels, fulfill customer orders, potential disruption of our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, additional administration and operating expenses, acquisition and retention of sufficiently skilled personnel to implement and operate the new systems, demands on management time, the introduction of errors or vulnerabilities and other risks and costs of delays or difficulties in transitioning to or integrating new systems into our current systems. These implementations, modifications and upgrades may not result in productivity improvements at a level that outweighs the costs of implementation, or at all. Additionally, difficulties with implementing new technology systems, delays in our timeline for planned improvements, significant system failures, or our inability to successfully modify our information systems to respond to changes in our business needs may cause disruptions in our business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Some of our software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary applications.

We use open source software in the applications we have developed to operate our business and will use open source software in the future. We may face claims from third parties demanding the release or license of the open source software or derivative works that we developed from such software (which could include our proprietary source code) or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or cease offering the implicated solutions unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. In addition, our use of open source software may present additional security risks because the source code for open source software is publicly available, which may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our website and systems that rely on open source software. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage and, if not addressed, could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.

Our software is highly complex and may contain undetected errors.

The software underlying our sites is highly complex and may contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities, some of which may only be discovered after the code has been released. We rely heavily on a software engineering practice known as “continuous deployment,” meaning that we typically release software code multiple times per day. This practice may result in the more frequent introduction of errors or vulnerabilities into the software underlying our platform. Any errors or vulnerabilities discovered in our code after release could result in damage to our reputation, loss of customers, disruption to our eCommerce channels, loss of revenue or liability for damages, any of which could adversely affect our growth prospects and our business.

Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to provide our customers a cost-effective shopping platform that is able to respond and adapt to rapid changes in technology.

The number of people who access the Internet through devices other than personal computers, including mobile phones, smartphones, handheld computers such as notebooks and tablets, video game consoles, and television set-top devices, has increased dramatically in the past few years. The smaller screen size, functionality, and memory associated with some alternative devices may make the use of our sites and purchasing our products more difficult. The versions of our sites developed for these devices may not be compelling to consumers. In addition, it is time consuming and costly to keep pace with rapidly changing and continuously evolving technology. We launched our mobile applications for REVOLVE and FORWARD in 2013, and all of our North American sites and a majority of our international sites are mobile-optimized. In 2019, a majority of orders were placed from a mobile device. However, we cannot be certain that our mobile applications or our mobile-optimized sites will be successful in the future.

As existing mobile devices and platforms evolve and new mobile devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in adjusting and developing applications for changed and alternative devices and platforms, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support and maintenance of such applications. If we are unable to attract consumers to our websites through these devices or are slow to develop a version of our websites that is more compatible with alternative devices or a mobile application, we may fail to capture a significant share of consumers in the fashion retail market, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Further, we continually upgrade existing technologies and business applications, and we may be required to implement new technologies or business applications in the future. The implementation of upgrades and changes requires significant investments. Our results of operations may be affected by the timing, effectiveness and costs associated with the successful implementation of any upgrades or changes to our systems and infrastructure. In the event that it is more difficult for our customers to buy products from us on their mobile devices, or if our customers choose not to buy products from us on their mobile devices or to use mobile products that do not offer access to our websites, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.

Government regulation of the Internet and eCommerce is evolving, and unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with these regulations could substantially harm our business and results of operations.

We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the Internet and eCommerce. Existing and future regulations and laws could impede the growth of the Internet, eCommerce or mobile commerce. These regulations and laws may involve taxes, tariffs, privacy, data protection, data security, anti-spam, content protection, electronic contracts and communications, consumer protection, website accessibility, Internet neutrality and gift cards. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes and consumer privacy apply to the Internet as many of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised by the Internet or eCommerce. It is possible that general business regulations and laws, or those specifically governing the Internet or eCommerce, may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. We cannot be sure that our practices have complied, comply or will comply fully with all such laws and regulations. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any of these laws or regulations could result in damage to our reputation, a loss in business and proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others. Any such proceeding or action could hurt our reputation, force us to spend significant amounts in defense of these proceedings, distract our management, increase our costs of doing business, decrease the use of our sites by consumers and suppliers and may result in the imposition of monetary liability. We may also be contractually liable to indemnify and hold harmless third parties from the costs or consequences of non-compliance with any such laws or regulations. In addition, it is possible that governments of one or more countries or territories may seek to censor content available on our sites or may even attempt to completely block access to our sites. Adverse legal or regulatory developments could substantially harm our business. In particular, in the event that we are restricted, in whole or in part, from operating in one or more countries or territories, our ability to retain or increase our customer base may be adversely affected, and we may not be able to maintain or grow our net sales and expand our business as anticipated.

If we cannot successfully protect our intellectual property, our business would suffer.

We rely on trademark, copyright, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other practices to protect our brands, designs, proprietary information, technologies and processes. Our principal trademark assets include the registered trademarks “REVOLVE,” “FORWARD BY ELYSE WALKER” and multiple other brand names and our logos. Our trademarks are valuable assets that support our brand and consumers’ perception of our services and merchandise. We also hold the rights to the “revolve.com” and “fwrd.com” Internet domain names and various other related domain names, which are subject to Internet regulatory bodies and trademark and other related laws of each applicable jurisdiction. We have copyrights and other proprietary rights associated with our owned brands’ apparel and other products.

If we are unable to protect our trademarks or domain names in the United States or in other jurisdictions in which we may ultimately operate, our brand recognition and reputation would suffer, we would incur significant expense establishing new brands and our operating results would be adversely impacted. We expend substantial resources in the development of new high-quality products but are susceptible to counterfeiting, which may harm our reputation for producing such products and force us to incur expenses in enforcing our intellectual property rights. Counterfeiting of our products may be difficult or costly to detect and any related claims or lawsuits to enforce our rights can be expensive to resolve, require management time and resources, and may not provide a satisfactory or timely result. Despite our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights, counterfeiters may continue to violate our intellectual property rights by using our trademarks or imitating or copying our products, which could harm our brand, reputation and financial condition. Since our products are sold internationally, we are also dependent on the laws of a range of countries and territories to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

We currently have no registered copyrights, applications for copyright registrations, patents issued or applications pending in the United States or internationally. Any registered copyrights or patents that may be issued in the future may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be challenged by third parties, and future registered copyrights or patent applications may never be granted. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that these registered copyrights or patents will adequately protect our intellectual property or survive a legal challenge, as the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of protection of registered copyright, patent and other intellectual property rights are uncertain. Our limited registered copyright and patent protection may restrict our ability to protect our technologies and processes from competition. We primarily rely on unregistered copyrights to protect our designs and products and on trade secret laws to protect our technologies and processes, including the algorithms we use throughout our business. Others may independently develop the same or similar designs, products, technologies and processes, or may improperly acquire and use information about our technologies and processes, which may allow them to provide products or services similar to ours, which could harm our competitive position.

We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect our intellectual property rights, and the efforts we take to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient.

The inability to acquire, use or maintain our marks and domain names for our sites could substantially harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

We currently are the registrant of marks for our brands in numerous jurisdictions and are the registrant of the Internet domain name for the websites of revolve.com and fwrd.com and our other sites, as well as various related domain names. However, we have not registered our marks or domain names in all major international jurisdictions. Domain names generally are regulated by Internet regulatory bodies. As our business grows we may incur material costs in connection with the registration, maintenance, and protection of our marks. If we do not have or cannot obtain on reasonable terms the ability to use our marks in a particular country, or to use or register our domain name, we could be forced either to incur significant additional expenses to market our products within that country, including the development of a new brand and the creation of new promotional materials and packaging, or to elect not to sell products in that country. Either result could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Furthermore, the regulations governing domain names and laws protecting marks and similar proprietary rights could change in ways that block or interfere with our ability to use relevant domains or our current brand. Also, we might not be able to prevent third parties from registering, using or retaining domain names that interfere with our consumer communications or infringe or otherwise decrease the value of our marks, domain names and other proprietary rights. Regulatory bodies also may establish additional generic or country-code top-level domains or may allow modifications of the requirements for registering, holding or using domain names. As a result, we might not be able to register, use or maintain the domain names that use the name REVOLVE, FORWARD, superdown or the names of our other brands in all of the countries and territories in which we currently or intend to conduct business.

We may be accused of infringing intellectual property or other proprietary rights of third parties.

We are also at risk of claims by others that we have infringed their copyrights, trademarks or patents, or improperly used or disclosed their trade secrets, or otherwise infringed or violated their proprietary rights, such as the right of publicity. The costs of supporting any litigation or disputes related to these claims can be considerable, and we cannot assure you that we will achieve a favorable outcome of any such claim. If any such claim is valid, we may be compelled to cease our use of such intellectual property or other proprietary rights and pay damages, which could adversely affect our business. Even if such claims were not valid, defending them could be expensive and distracting, adversely affecting our operating results.

Customer growth and activity on mobile devices depends upon effective use of mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control.

Purchases using mobile devices by consumers generally, and by our customers specifically, have increased significantly, and we expect this trend to continue. To optimize the mobile shopping experience, we are dependent on our customers downloading our specific mobile applications for their particular device or accessing our sites from an Internet browser on their mobile device. As new mobile devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing applications for these alternative devices and platforms, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support and maintenance of such applications. In addition, our future growth and our results of operations could suffer if we experience difficulties in the future in integrating our mobile applications into mobile devices, if problems arise with our relationships with providers of mobile operating systems or mobile application download stores, such as those of Apple Inc. or Google Inc., if our applications receive unfavorable treatment compared to competing applications, such as the order of our products in the Apple App Store, or if we face increased costs to distribute or have customers use our mobile applications. We are further dependent on the interoperability of our sites with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as iOS and Android, and any changes in such systems that degrade the functionality of our sites or give preferential treatment to competitive products could adversely affect the usage of our sites on mobile devices. In the event that it is more difficult for our customers to access and use our sites on their mobile devices, or if our customers choose not to access or to use our sites on their mobile devices or to use mobile products that do not offer access to our sites, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

We are subject to payment-related risks.

We accept payments using a variety of methods, including credit card, gift cards, debit card, PayPal and other third-party payment vendors, which subjects us to certain regulations and the risk of fraud, and we may in the future offer new payment options to customers that would be subject to additional regulations and risks. We pay interchange and other fees in connection with credit card payments, which may increase over time and adversely affect our operating results. While we use a third party to process payments, we are subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the PCI-DSS and rules governing electronic funds transfers. If we fail to comply with applicable rules and regulations, we may be subject to fines or higher transaction fees and may lose our ability to accept online payments or other payment card transactions. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We may incur significant losses from fraud.

We have in the past incurred and may in the future incur losses from various types of fraud, including stolen credit card numbers, claims that a customer did not authorize a purchase, merchant fraud and customers who have closed bank accounts or have insufficient funds in open bank accounts to satisfy payments. Although we have measures in place to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activity in our marketplace, those measures may not always be effective. In addition to the direct costs of such losses, if the fraud is related to credit card transactions and becomes excessive, it could potentially result in us paying higher fees or losing the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, under current credit card practices, we are liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder’s signature. Our failure to adequately prevent fraudulent transactions could damage our reputation, result in litigation or regulatory action and lead to expenses that could substantially impact our operating results.

If our internal control over financial reporting or our disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, prevent fraud or file our periodic reports in a timely manner, which may cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and may lead to a decline in our stock price.

We are subject to the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require our management to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide, beginning with our second Annual Report on Form 10-K, an annual management report on the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting. However, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, which could be as early as the beginning of the third quarter of 2021.

Our testing of key controls over financial reporting, or the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm once required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, may reveal deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses. If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner, or if we or our independent registered public accounting firm identify deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, the market price of our stock would likely decline and we could be subject to lawsuits, sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities, which would require additional financial and management resources.

We continue to invest in more robust technology and in more resources in order to manage applicable reporting requirements. Implementing the appropriate changes to our internal controls and remediating a material weakness may distract our officers and employees, result in substantial costs to implement new processes or modify our existing processes and require significant time to complete. Any difficulties or delays in implementing the system could impact our ability to timely report our financial results. In addition, we currently rely on a manual process in some areas which increases our exposure to human error or intervention in reporting our financial results. For these reasons, we may encounter difficulties in the timely and accurate reporting of our financial results, which would impact our ability to provide our investors with information in a timely manner. As a result, our investors could lose confidence in our reported consolidated financial information, and our stock price could decline.

In addition, any such changes do not guarantee that we will be effective in maintaining the adequacy of our internal controls, and any failure to maintain that adequacy could prevent us from accurately reporting our financial results.

We may expand our business through acquisitions of other businesses, which may divert management’s attention and/or prove to be unsuccessful.

We acquired Alliance, Inc. in 2014 and may acquire additional businesses or technologies in the future. Acquisitions may divert management’s time and focus from operating our business. Acquisitions also may require us to spend a substantial portion of our available cash, incur debt or other liabilities, amortize expenses related to intangible assets or incur write-offs of goodwill or other assets. In addition, integrating an acquired business or technology is risky. Completed and future acquisitions may result in unforeseen operational difficulties and expenditures associated with:

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incorporating new businesses and technologies into our infrastructure;

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consolidating operational and administrative functions;

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coordinating outreach to our community;

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maintaining morale and culture and retaining and integrating key employees;

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maintaining or developing controls, procedures and policies (including effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures); and

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identifying and assuming liabilities related to the activities of the acquired business before the acquisition, including liabilities for violations of laws and regulations, intellectual property issues, commercial disputes, taxes and other matters.

Moreover, we may not benefit from our acquisitions as we expect, or in the time frame we expect. We also may issue additional equity securities in connection with an acquisition, which could cause dilution to our stockholders. Finally, acquisitions could be viewed negatively by analysts, investors or our customers.

Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business.

We have in the past and may in the future become involved in private actions, collective actions, investigations and various other legal proceedings by customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, government agencies, law enforcement, customs officials or others. The results of any such litigation, investigations and other legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, damage our reputation, require significant amounts of management time, result in impositions of fines or other remedial measures as a result of underpayment and divert significant resources. If any of these legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or limits on our ability to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Expansion of our operations internationally will require management attention and resources, involves additional risks and may be unsuccessful.

We have limited experience with operating internationally and selling our merchandise outside of the United States and do not have physical operations outside of the United States. If we choose to expand internationally we would need to adapt to different local cultures, standards and policies. The business model we employ and the merchandise we currently offer may not have the same appeal to consumers outside of the United States. Furthermore, to succeed with customers in international locations, it likely will be necessary to locate fulfillment centers in foreign markets and hire local employees in those international centers, and we may have to invest in these facilities before proving we can successfully run foreign operations. We may not be successful in expanding into international markets or in generating revenue from foreign operations for a variety of reasons, including:

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localization of our merchandise offerings, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices;

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navigating shipping and returns in a more fragmented geography, particularly following the United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union and if the European Union were to lose other members or change its policies regarding the flow of goods across country borders;

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different consumer demand dynamics, which may make our model and the merchandise we offer less successful compared to the United States;

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competition from local incumbents that understand the local market and may operate more effectively;

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regulatory requirements, taxes, trade laws, trade sanctions and economic embargoes, tariffs, export quotas, custom duties or other trade restrictions or any unexpected changes thereto;

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laws and regulations regarding anti-bribery and anti-corruption compliance;

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differing labor regulations where labor laws may be more advantageous to employees as compared to the United States and increased labor costs;

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more stringent regulations relating to privacy, data protection, and data security and access to, or use of, commercial and personal information, particularly in Europe;

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changes in a specific country’s or region’s political or economic conditions; and

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risks resulting from changes in currency exchange rates.

If we invest substantial time and resources to establish and expand our operations internationally and are unable to do so successfully and in a timely manner, our operating results would suffer.

Recent and potential tariffs imposed by the U.S. government or a global trade war could increase the cost of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The U.S. government has and continues to make significant changes in U.S. trade policy and has taken certain actions that could negatively impact U.S. trade, including imposing tariffs on certain goods imported into the United States. In retaliation, China has implemented, and continues to evaluate imposing additional tariffs on a wide range of American products. There is also a concern that the imposition of additional tariffs by the United States could result in the adoption of tariffs by other countries as well, leading to a global trade war. More specifically, the U.S. government has from time to time imposed significant tariffs on certain product categories imported from China, including apparel, footwear, handbags, accessories and cosmetics. Such tariffs could have a significant impact on our business, particularly the REVOLVE segment and our owned brands, of which a large portion are manufactured in China. While we attempt to renegotiate prices with suppliers or diversify our supply chain in response to tariffs, such efforts may not yield immediate results or may be ineffective. We might also consider increasing prices to the end consumer; however, this could reduce the competitiveness of our products and adversely affect net sales. If we fail to manage these dynamics successfully, gross margins and profitability could be adversely affected. As of the date of this report, tariffs have not had a material impact on our business, but increased tariffs or trade restrictions implemented by the United States or other countries in connection with a global trade war could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may experience fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate, which could adversely affect our operating results.

We are subject to taxes in the United States and the United Kingdom. We record tax expense based on current tax liabilities and our estimates of future tax liabilities, which may include reserves for estimates of probable settlements of tax audits. At any one time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by various taxing jurisdictions. The results of these audits and negotiations with taxing authorities may affect the ultimate settlement of these issues. As a result, we expect that throughout the year there could be ongoing variability in our quarterly tax rates as taxable events occur and exposures are re-evaluated. Further, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be materially impacted by changes in tax laws, changes in the mix and level of earnings by taxing jurisdictions, or changes to existing accounting rules or regulations. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the 2017 Tax Act. Foreign governments may enact tax laws in response to the 2017 Tax Act that could result in further changes to global taxation. There are numerous factors that could affect our tax rate. These may include, among other factors, intercompany transactions, losses incurred in jurisdictions for which we are not able to realize the related tax benefits, and entry into new businesses and geographies. Fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

The enactment of tax reform legislation, including legislation implementing changes in taxation of international business activities, could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.

Legislation or other changes in tax laws could increase our liability and adversely affect our after-tax profitability. For example, the 2017 Tax Act could have a significant impact on our effective tax rate, cash tax expenses and net deferred tax assets. The 2017 Tax Act reduces the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate, eliminates or limits the deduction of several expenses that were previously deductible, imposes a mandatory deemed repatriation tax on undistributed historic earnings of foreign subsidiaries, requires a minimum tax on earnings generated by foreign subsidiaries and permits a tax-free repatriation of foreign earnings through a dividends received deduction (subject to certain exceptions). Although we have completed our evaluation of the overall impact of the 2017 Tax Act on our effective tax rate and balance sheet and reflected the amounts in our financial statements, the 2017 Tax Act may have significant impacts in future periods.

We could be required to collect additional sales taxes or be subject to other tax liabilities that may increase the costs our customers would have to pay for our offering and adversely affect our operating results.

On June 21, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court held in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. that states could impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers even if those retailers lack any physical presence within the states imposing sales taxes. Under Wayfair, a person requires only a “substantial nexus” with the taxing state before the state may subject the person to sales tax collection obligations therein. An increasing number of states, both before and after the Supreme Court’s ruling, have considered or adopted laws that attempt to impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers. The Supreme Court’s Wayfair decision has removed a significant impediment to the enactment of these laws, and it is possible that states may seek to tax out-of-state retailers, including for prior tax years. Although we believe that we currently collect sales taxes in all states that have adopted laws imposing sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers since Wayfair was decided, a successful assertion by one or more states requiring us to collect sales taxes where we presently do not do so, or to collect more taxes in a jurisdiction in which we currently do collect some sales taxes, could result in substantial tax liabilities, including taxes on past sales, as well as penalties and interest. The imposition by state governments of sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers in jurisdictions where we do not currently collect sales taxes, whether for prior years or prospectively, could also create additional administrative burdens for us, put us at a competitive disadvantage if they do not impose similar obligations on our competitors and decrease our future sales, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available or may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.

We intend to continue making investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to support this growth and respond to business challenges, including the need to develop our services, expand our inventory, enhance our operating infrastructure, expand the markets in which we operate and potentially acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, and our business and prospects could fail or be adversely affected.

Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.

Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to transfer or dispose of assets, merge with other companies or consummate certain changes of control, acquire other companies, incur additional indebtedness and liens and enter into new businesses. We therefore may not be able to engage in any of the foregoing transactions unless we obtain the consent of the lender or terminate the credit facility, which may limit our operating flexibility. In addition, our credit facility is secured by all of our assets, including our intellectual property, and requires us to satisfy certain financial covenants. There is no guarantee that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet these financial covenants or pay the principal and interest on any debt under our facility. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that future working capital, borrowings or equity financing will be available to repay or refinance any such debt. Any inability to make scheduled payments or meet the financial covenants on our credit facility would adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to Our Class A Common Stock

The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile or may decline steeply or suddenly regardless of our operating performance, and we may not be able to meet investor or analyst expectations.

Prior to our initial public offering in June 2019, there was no public market for our common stock. The lack of an active market for our common stock may impair investors’ ability to sell their shares at the time they wish to sell them or at a price that they consider reasonable, may reduce the market value of their shares and may result in significant price and volume fluctuations. The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate or decline significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

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the impact of, including but not limited to the market volatility and economic disruption caused by, COVID-19;

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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our customer base, the level of customer engagement, net sales or other operating results;

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variations between our actual operating results and the expectations of securities analysts, investors and the financial community;

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any forward-looking financial or operating information we may provide to the public or securities analysts, any changes in this information or our failure to meet expectations based on this information;

•

actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

•

whether investors or securities analysts view our stock structure unfavorably, particularly our dual-class structure and the significant voting control of our executive officers, directors and their affiliates;

•

additional shares of our Class A common stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders, or the anticipation of such sales;

•

announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

•

changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of companies in our industry, including our vendors and competitors;

•

price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;

•

lawsuits threatened or filed against us;

•

developments in new legislation and pending lawsuits or regulatory actions, including interim or final rulings by judicial or regulatory bodies;

•

imposition of fines or other remedial measures as a result of the underpayment of customs duties; and

•

other events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.

In addition, extreme price and volume fluctuations in the stock markets have affected and continue to affect many eCommerce and other technology companies’ stock prices. Often, their stock prices have fluctuated in ways unrelated or disproportionate to the companies’ operating performance. In the past, stockholders have filed securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and seriously harm our business.

Moreover, because of these fluctuations, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. You should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. This variability and unpredictability could also result in our failing to meet the expectations of industry or financial analysts or investors for any period. If our revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of analysts or investors or below any forecasts we may provide to the market, or if the forecasts we provide to the market are below the expectations of analysts or investors, the price of our Class A common stock could decline substantially. Such a stock price decline could occur even when we have met any previously publicly stated revenue or earnings forecasts that we may provide.

Future sales of shares could cause our stock price to decline.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock into the public market, particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and principal stockholders, or the perception that such sales might occur, could cause our stock price to decline. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.

All shares of common stock sold are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless held by our “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The holders of all of our Class B common stock have rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of their shares of Class B common stock, or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file. If we register the offer and sale of shares for the holders of registration rights, those shares can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to the restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act in the case of our affiliates.

In addition, the shares subject to outstanding options and restricted stock units, or RSUs, and the shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans will become available for sale immediately upon the exercise of such options. We register the offer and sale of all shares of common stock that we may issue under our equity incentive plans and, as a result, the sale of shares to be issued under our equity incentive plans can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to the restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act in the case of our affiliates.

The dual class structure of our common stock will have the effect of concentrating voting control with our executive officers, directors and their affiliates, and it may depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Our stockholders who held shares prior to our initial public offering, all of which hold shares of Class B common stock, collectively own shares representing approximately 97% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of June 30, 2020. MMMK Development, Inc., an entity controlled by our co-chief executive officers, controls 70% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of June 30, 2020 and therefore is able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or our assets, even if their stock holdings represent less than 50% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock. Our co-chief executive officers may have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentration of ownership will limit the ability of other stockholders to influence corporate matters and may cause us to make strategic decisions that could involve risks to you or that may not be aligned with your interests.

This control may also adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. In July 2017, FTSE Russell and Standard & Poor’s announced that they would cease to allow most newly public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400 and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Under the announced policies, our dual class capital structure would make us ineligible for inclusion in any of these indices, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track these indices will not be investing in our stock. It is possible that they may depress these valuations compared to those of other similar companies that are included in the indices.

If securities or industry analysts either do not publish research about us or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our Class A common stock, the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced in part by the research and reports that securities or industry analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If one or more of the analysts initiate research with an unfavorable rating or downgrade our Class A common stock, provide a more favorable recommendation about our competitors or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our Class A common stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the trading price or trading volume of our Class A common stock to decline.

We are an emerging growth company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced reporting and disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies could make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an emerging growth company, and for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including:

•

not being required to have our independent registered public accounting firm audit our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

•

reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and annual report on Form 10-K; and

•

exemptions from the requirements of holding non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of our initial public offering, although we expect to not be an emerging growth company sooner. Our status as an emerging growth company will end as soon as any of the following takes place:

•

the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue;

•

the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700.0 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates;

•

the date on which we have issued, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; or

•

the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering.

We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on any of the exemptions afforded emerging growth companies. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive because we rely on any of these exemptions, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and the market price of our Class A common stock may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, and as a result, our financial statements may not be comparable with similarly situated public companies.

We have elected to take advantage of the “controlled company” exemption to the corporate governance rules for NYSE-listed companies, which could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Because we qualify as a “controlled company” under the corporate governance rules for NYSE-listed companies, we are not required to have a majority of our board of directors be independent, nor are we required to have a compensation committee or an independent nominating function. In light of our status as a controlled company, in the future we could elect not to have a majority of our board of directors be independent or not to have a compensation committee or nominating and corporate governance committee. Accordingly, should the interests of our management and MMMK Development, Inc., an entity controlled by our co-chief executive officers, differ from those of other stockholders, the other stockholders may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance rules for NYSE-listed companies. Our status as a controlled company could make our Class A common stock less attractive to some investors or otherwise harm our stock price.

Future securities issuances could result in significant dilution to our stockholders and impair the market price of our Class A common stock.

Future issuances of shares of our Class A common stock or the conversion of a substantial number of shares of our Class B common stock, or the perception that these sales or conversions may occur, could depress the market price of our Class A common stock and result in dilution to existing holders of our Class A common stock. Also, to the extent outstanding options and warrants to purchase our shares of our Class A or Class B common stock are exercised or options or other equity-based awards are issued or become vested, there will be further dilution. The amount of dilution could be substantial depending upon the size of the issuances or exercises. Furthermore, we may issue additional equity securities that could have rights senior to those of our Class A common stock.

All of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the conversion of shares of Class B common stock subject to outstanding options have been registered for public resale under the Securities Act. Accordingly, these shares are able to be freely sold in the public market upon issuance as permitted by any applicable vesting requirements, and subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.

In addition, the holders of all of our Class B common stock have rights, subject to certain conditions, to require us to file registration statements for the public resale of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of their shares of Class B common stock, or to include such shares in registration statements that we may file.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, result in more litigation and divert management’s attention.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the NYSE and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Complying with these rules and regulations has increased and will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. To address these challenges, we recently expanded our finance and accounting teams. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are required to disclose changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may need to hire additional employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses.

In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be adversely affected.

These new rules and regulations may make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and in the future, we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

By disclosing information in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If those claims are successful, our business could be seriously harmed. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, the time and resources needed to resolve them could divert our management’s resources and seriously harm our business.

Delaware law and provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our Class A common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in our management that the stockholders of our company may deem advantageous. These provisions include the following:

•

permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created directorships;

•

require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws;

•

authorize the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that our board of directors could use to implement a stockholder rights plan;

•

eliminate the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders;

•

prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;

•

provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal our bylaws;

•

restrict the forum for certain litigation against us to Delaware;

•

reflect the dual class structure of our common stock; and

•

establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings.

Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

Our bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) is the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

•

any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

•

any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty;

•

any action asserting a claim against us arising under the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; and

•

any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.

These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. If a court were to find the exclusive-forum provision in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could seriously harm our business.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibit Index:

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit

Number

Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit No.

Filing Date

Filed/

Furnished

Herewith

3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of Revolve Group, Inc.

10-Q

001-38927

3.1

August 12, 2019

3.2

Bylaws of Revolve Group, Inc.

10-Q

001-38927

3.2

August 12, 2019

4.1

Specimen Common Stock Certificate of the registrant

S-1/A

333-227614

4.1

November 21, 2018

4.2

Description of Securities

10-K

001-38927

4.2

February 26, 2020

10.1+

Form of Director and Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement

S-1/A

333-227614

10.1

October 9, 2018

10.2+

Form of Registration Rights Agreement

S-1/A

333-227614

10.2

October 9, 2018

10.3+

Advance Holdings, LLC 2013 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.3

October 9, 2018

10.4+

Form of Option Agreement under the 2013 Advance Holdings, LLC Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.4

October 9, 2018

10.5+

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.5

October 9, 2018

10.6+

Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant and Stock Option Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.6

October 9, 2018

10.7+

Form of Notice of Restricted Stock Unit Grant and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.7

October 9, 2018

10.8+

2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.8

March 14, 2019

10.9+

Revolve Group, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan

S-1/A

333-227614

10.9

October 9, 2018

10.10+

Outside Director Compensation Policy

S-1/A

333-227614

10.16

October 9, 2018

10.11

Credit Agreement, dated as of March 23, 2016, between the Twist Holdings, LLC, Advance Holdings LLC, Alliance Apparel Group, Inc., Eminent, Inc. Advance Development, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A.

S-1/A

333-227614

10.10

October 9, 2018

10.12

Amendment No. 1 to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2018, among Alliance Apparel Group, Inc., Eminent, Inc., Advance Development, Inc., Twist Holdings, LLC, Advance Holdings, LLC and Bank of America, N.A.

S-1/A

333-227614

10.11

October 9, 2018

10.13+

Executive Employment Agreement between Eminent, Inc. and Michael Karanikolas

S-1/A

333-227614

10.12

October 9, 2018

10.14+

Executive Employment Agreement between Eminent, Inc. and Michael Mente

S-1/A

333-227614

10.13

October 9, 2018

10.15+

Executive Employment Agreement between Eminent, Inc. and Jesse Timmermans

S-1/A

333-227614

10.14

October 9, 2018

10.16+

Executive Employment Agreement between Eminent, Inc. and David Pujades

S-1/A

333-227614

10.15

October 9, 2018

10.17

Form of Stock Repurchase Agreement

S-1/A

333-227614

10.17

May 28, 2019

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Linkbase Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

+	Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.

The certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Revolve Group, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

REVOLVE GROUP, INC.

By:		/s/ JESSE TIMMERMANS
		Jesse Timmermans
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated: August 13, 2020