RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS INC - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission file number 0-29889

RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See the definitions of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

         Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2) Yes o    No ý

         The approximate aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of the registrant's Common Stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on June 30, 2008, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $821,195,930. Shares of the registrant's outstanding Common Stock held by each executive officer, director and affiliates of the registrant's outstanding Common Stock have been excluded. The determination of affiliate status for the purposes of this calculation is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

         As of February 20, 2009, there were 36,700,860 shares of the registrant's Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

         Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III incorporate information by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the Registrant's Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on June 4, 2009.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the documents that we incorporate by reference, contains statements indicating expectations about future performance and other forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve risks and uncertainties. We usually use words such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "intend," or the negative of these terms or similar expressions to identify these forward-looking statements. These statements appear throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are statements regarding our current intent, belief or expectation, primarily with respect to our operations and related industry developments. Examples of these statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the following: our business and scientific strategies; the progress and results of our product development programs, including clinical testing, and the timing thereof; our corporate collaborations, including revenues that may be received from these collaborations; our drug discovery technologies; our research and development expenses; protection of our intellectual property; sufficiency of our cash resources; and our operations and legal risks. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements for many reasons, including as a result of the risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

PART I

Item 1.    Business

Overview

        Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in June 1996, and is based in South San Francisco, California. We are a clinical-stage drug development company that discovers and develops novel, small-molecule drugs for the treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, as well as for certain cancers and metabolic diseases. Our pioneering research focuses on intracellular signaling pathways and related targets that are critical to disease mechanisms. Our productivity has resulted in strategic collaborations with large pharmaceutical partners to develop and market our product candidates. We have product development programs in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, thrombocytopenia and asthma, as well as in cancer.

        During 2008 and the beginning of 2009, we:

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Announced the completed enrollment for the TASKi2 clinical trial in December 2008 with 457 patients randomized. TASKi2 is a clinical trial of R788 (fostamatinib disodium) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have previously failed to respond to methotrexate treatment. (February 2009)



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Announced that the TASKi3 clinical trial of R788 is expected to complete enrollment in April 2009 with an anticipated enrollment of 195 patients with RA who have previously failed to respond to at least one marketed biologic treatment. (February 2009)



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Reported favorable results in QTc study for R788. The recently completed double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, positive and placebo controlled parallel study of the effects of R788 on

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QT/QTc intervals in healthy subjects has confirmed that R788 does not elicit a QT/QTc signal. (February 2009)

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Reported favorable results of the Phase 2 clinical trial of R788 in patients with relapsed or refractory B-Cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The response rates were 55% and 22% from patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. The results affirm that R788 is well-tolerated and shows therapeutic benefit in patients suffering from CLL/SLL and DLBCL. (December 2008)



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Completed a public offering of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $127.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. (February 2008)

Strategy

        Our research team is focused on creating a portfolio of product candidates that can be developed into small molecule therapeutics for our own proprietary programs as well as with potential collaborative partners. We recognize that the product development process is subject to both high costs and a high risk of failure. We believe that identifying a variety of product candidates and working in conjunction with other pharmaceutical companies may minimize the risk of failure, fill the product pipeline gap at major pharmaceutical companies and ultimately, increase the likelihood of advancing clinical development and commercial success.

        The key elements to our scientific and business strategy are to:

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establish strategic collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to develop and market our product candidates;



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develop a diverse portfolio of drug candidates that address a variety of therapeutic indications or that represent significant market opportunities; and  



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utilize our robust discovery engine to rapidly discover and validate new product candidates in a broad range of therapeutic indications.

Product Development Programs

        Our product development portfolio features multiple novel small molecule drug candidates whose specialized mechanisms of action are intended to provide therapeutic benefit for a range of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, as well as for certain cancers and metabolic diseases.

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Clinical Stage Programs

Rheumatoid Arthritis

        Disease background.    RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that affects multiple tissues, but typically produces its most pronounced symptoms in the joints. RA is often progressive and debilitating and affects nearly 2.1 million people in the United States.

        The current treatment options for RA have significant potential side effects and other shortfalls, including gastrointestinal complications and kidney damage. RA patients receive multiple drugs depending on the extent and aggressiveness of their disease. Most RA patients eventually require some form of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, or DMARD. DMARDs include methotrexate, an anti-cancer agent, and/or a variety of intravenously-delivered immunomodulatory agents (tumor necrosis factor, or TNF, inhibitors and co-stimulation inhibitors).

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        Orally-available Syk inhibitor program.    We intend to focus our RA program on the development of a safe oral DMARD that can be used early in the course of the disease, preventing its progression prior to major bone and cartilage destruction.

        R788 is our lead product candidate. It has a novel mechanism of action, blocking immunoglobulin G, or IgG, receptor signaling in macrophages and B-cells. Previously, we studied R788 in a Phase 1, single center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of escalating single and multiple doses of R788. We also completed a Phase 2a clinical trial of R788 to evaluate its safety and pharmacokinetics in combination with methotrexate, a commonly prescribed treatment for RA. Results of this clinical trial suggested that there is not an adverse interaction between R788 and methotrexate.

        In December 2007, we announced the results of a Phase 2a clinical trial of R788 in RA patients simultaneously receiving methotrexate, in which doses of 100 mg PO bid (orally, twice daily) and 150 mg PO bid of R788 produced statistically significant improvement in RA symptoms. The most common clinically meaningful adverse events noted in the clinical trial included dose-related neutropenia, mild elevations of liver function tests and gastrointestinal side effects. Dose reduction (to one-half the assigned dose by taking the drug once per day) was pre-specified in the protocol and contingent on neutrophil counts and/or liver function tests. Notably, a vast majority of the patients who had their doses reduced successfully completed the clinical trial with minimal safety issues.

        In June 2008, we commenced two concurrent Phase 2b clinical trials of R788 in RA patients at a number of clinical research centers throughout the United States, Latin America, and Europe to evaluate the efficacy of R788 compared to placebo in distinct RA patient groups. The first Phase 2b clinical trial (TASKi2) is evaluating RA patients receiving 100 mg of R788 PO bid (orally, twice daily) or 150 mg of R788 PO qd (orally, once daily), compared with those receiving placebo, in a multi-center, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel dose study of R788 in patients who have failed to respond to methotrexate. The second Phase 2b clinical trial (TASKi3) is evaluating a group of RA patients receiving 100 mg of R788 PO bid, compared with a group receiving placebo, in a multi-center, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel dose study of R788 in patients who have failed at least one marketed biologic agent. The marketed biologic agents generally includes anti-tumor necrosis factor injectables commonly used to treat RA, but could include other therapies as well. The primary objectives for TASKi2 and TASKi3 are to measure the efficacy of R788 at 6 months and 3 months, respectively, as determined by ACR20 scores (American College of Rheumatology responder rates showing a minimum of 20% improvement in RA symptoms and pain). Secondary objectives include comparing higher ACR response rates (ACR 50 and ACR 70), as well as DAS28 rates (Disease Activity Score including a 28-joint inspection), in addition to various safety measures. TASKi3 will also include measurement of changes in bone morphology using MRI scans as a secondary measure.

        In December 2008, we completed enrollment for TASKi2 with 457 patients randomized. The TASKi3 clinical trial of R788 is expected to complete enrollment in April 2009 with an anticipated enrollment of 195 patients. The results from TASKi2 and TASKi3 are expected to be available in July and August 2009, respectively.

Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura

        Disease background.    Immune thrombocytopenia purpura, or ITP, is a blood disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys platelets in the blood resulting in an abnormally low platelet count, which can result in easy bruising, bleeding gums and internal bleeding. Approximately 200,000 people in the United States suffer from ITP. The majority of cases are in women, with 50% of the new cases found in children.

        First line medical therapy for ITP consists primarily of steroids, which help prevent bleeding by decreasing the rate of platelet destruction. The current treatment options for chronic ITP have

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potentially significant side effects and lack long-term effectiveness. When steroid therapy fails, the patient's spleen may need to be removed, which poses the risk of other significant complications. There is no consensus on the appropriate management for chronic ITP, but due to the fact that sustained remission is infrequent, new therapies are needed. Rigel is focused on the chronic form of ITP, targeting the underlying autoimmune cause of the disease.

        Orally-available Syk inhibitor program.    Platelet destruction from ITP is mediated by IgG signaling, and R788 is a potent inhibitor of IgG signaling. In preclinical studies, R788 was shown to improve thrombocytopenia in an ITP mouse model. We recently completed an exploratory Phase 2 clinical trial of R788 to evaluate its safety and initial efficacy in chronic ITP patients. In this clinical trial, R788 was orally administered in varying doses for 30 or more days and demonstrated that it can improve platelet counts in highly refractory patients. We have postponed expanding this clinical trial of R788 in ITP until we have further clarity on development priorities from a potential partner for R788.

B-cell Lymphoma

        Disease background.    Lymphoma is a large class of blood cancers that affect the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. In 2008, lymphoma affected an estimated 500,000 people in the United States, of which 347,000 suffered from non-Hodgkin's varieties of the disease. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and is generally categorized as aggressive, marked by rapidly growing tumors in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow and other organs.

        A variety of treatment options exist, including chemotherapy and radiation, but the five-year survival rates for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients are only approximately 50%. For those who survive, recurrences of the disease are common, warranting additional and novel approaches to treatment of the lymphoma.

        Orally-available Syk inhibitor program.    Research has shown that over activity of the signaling enzyme spleen tyrosine kinase, or Syk, appears to have an essential role in the survival and proliferation of certain B-cell lymphoma cell lines, and that R788 can inhibit the growth of B-cell lymphoma driven by Syk over activity. In December 2008, we reported that R788 is well-tolerated by B-cell Lymphoma patients and shows therapeutic benefit in patients suffering from diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). A total of 68 patients received 200 mg PO bid (orally, twice daily) of R788 until disease progression occurred. Treatment response rates from patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were 55% and 22%, respectively. Response to treatment was evaluated using standard NHL response criteria (The Cheson Criteria). Treatment-related adverse events included cytopenias, fatigue, diarrhea/abdominal discomfort and hypertension. Most adverse events were mild to moderate and were reversible.

T-cell Lymphoma

        Disease background.    Approximately 12-15% of the non-Hodgkins lymphomas that are not classified as B-cell in origin are T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell in origin. Within these malignancies, two broad groups can be defined, the precursor or pre-thymic lymphomas (e.g. lymphoblastic lymphoma) and the post-thymic lymphomas or peripheral NK/T-cell lymphomas, or PTCLs. In the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification, the PTCLs can be further subdivided into predominantly leukemic, extranodal, and nodal types. Studies in recent years have confirmed that lymphomas of the T-cell phenotype have a poorer prognosis than do B-cell lymphomas.

        To date, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin (hydroxydoxorubicin), vincristine (oncovin) and prednisone, or CHOP, or CHOP-like chemotherapy has constituted the most prevalent approach to the treatment of PTCLs. However, except for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, or ALK,-positive, anaplastic large cell

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lymphoma, or ALCL, this approach has been disappointing both in terms of the response rate and the durability of response. Despite the initial promise of other novel approaches, the outlook for patients with PTCL remains grim, and there is clearly a need for additional novel approaches.

        Orally-available Syk inhibitor program.    Recent research has suggested that spleen tyrosine kinase (syk) may be important in the growth of some types of T-cell lymphomas. We plan to initiate a Phase 2 exploratory clinical trial in patients with PTCL. The clinical trial will be conducted in 2 stages. In the first stage, up to 19 patients will be enrolled in the clinical trial. In the second stage, up to 36 patients with PTCL will be enrolled. All patients will receive 200 mg of R788 PO bid for at least 8 weeks.

Lupus

        Orally-available Syk inhibitor program.    Preclinical studies have shown that R788 is highly effective in a murine model of lupus. The initiation of a clinical trial in Lupus patients has been postponed until we have further clarity on development priorities from a potential partner for R788.

JAK3 Inhibitor in Psoriasis

        Disease background.    We believe our janus kinase 3, or JAK3, inhibitor may be useful in treating psoriasis. Psoriasis is a lifelong autoimmune disease that affects approximately 7.5 million people in the United States and an estimated 125 million people worldwide. Approximately 10%-30% of patients with psoriasis also develop psoriatic arthritis, which causes pain, swelling and stiffness of the joints.

        JAK3 inhibitor program.    R348 is a potent and selective JAK3 inhibitor. JAK3 is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in modulating cytokine signaling in T and B cells, as well as affecting lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Moving forward, we plan to focus on psoriasis and possible topical applications of R348 in conjunction with a collaboration partner.

Research/Preclinical Programs

        We are conducting proprietary research in two broad disease areas: inflammation/immunology and metabolism. Within each disease area, we are investigating mechanisms of action as well as screening compounds against potential novel intracellular targets and optimizing those leads that appear to have the greatest potential.

        Our most advanced program is the protein kinase C, or PKC, theta program in the area of immunology/inflammation. We expect to select a compound from the PKC theta program for preclinical development in 2009. We also plan to select another syk inhibitor compound to serve as a follow-on compound to R788. We expect to select this compound for preclinical development in late 2009. In addition, we plan to develop another selective JAK3 inhibitor compound for transplant rejection. We expect to select this new JAK3 inhibitor compound by the end of 2009.

Partnered Programs in Development

Oncology

        Disease background.    Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. More than one million people in the United States are diagnosed with cancer each year, and nearly half of all men and more than one-third of all women in the United States will develop cancer during their lifetimes.

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        Aurora kinase inhibitor program.    Aurora kinase plays a central role in the cell division process, and the over-expression of aurora kinase can cause cells to quickly form an abnormal number of chromosomes. As such, aurora kinase is frequently associated with various solid tumor human cancers, such as cancers of the breast, bladder, colon, ovary, head and neck and pancreas. Increased knowledge of aurora kinase and its potential to regulate cell growth may be the basis for treating and even preventing some cancers.

        We have identified R763/AS703569 as a lead compound in our aurora kinase inhibition program targeting cancer cell proliferation. R763/AS703569 is a potent, highly-selective, small-molecule inhibitor of aurora kinase. In October 2005, we signed a licensing agreement with Merck Serono that gave Merck Serono an exclusive license to develop and commercialize inhibitors in our aurora kinase program, including R763/AS703569. In November 2007, Merck Serono exercised its option to add Japan to the territories covered under the current aurora kinase collaboration with respect to R763/AS703569, resulting in a milestone payment to us of $3.0 million. Under the agreement, Merck Serono is responsible for the further development and commercialization of R763/AS703569.

        In September 2006, Merck Serono initiated a Phase 1, multi-center clinical trial to evaluate R763/AS703569 for the treatment of patients with refractory solid tumors. In February 2007, Merck Serono began an additional Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating R763/AS703569 on patients with hematological malignancies. In July 2007, Merck Serono initiated its third Phase 1 clinical trial, designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose, safety and dosing regimen of R763/AS703569 in combination with gemcitabine, a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agent administered by intravenous infusion. The clinical trial will evaluate two different treatment regimens in which R763/AS703569 will be given in sequence with the gemcitabine over 21-day cycles. As many as 72 patients with advanced malignancies, including pancreatic, ovarian, breast, non-small cell lung and colorectal, will be evaluated. We expect that Merck Serono will initiate a Phase 2 trial by the end of 2009.

Asthma

        Disease background.    Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. Asthma affects the lower respiratory tract and is marked by episodic flare-ups, or attacks, that can be life threatening. In some patients, allergens, such as pollen, trigger the production of immunoglobulin E antibodies, or IgE antibodies, which then bind to mast cells and cause an intracellular signal that results in the release of various chemical mediators. When this process occurs repeatedly over time, it creates persistent inflammation of the airway passages, resulting in the chronic congestion and airway obstruction associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma, respectively.

        Inhaled Syk inhibitor program.    In the first quarter of 2005, we announced a collaborative research and license agreement with Pfizer for the development of inhaled products for the treatment of allergic asthma and other respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The collaboration is focused on our preclinical small molecule compounds, which inhibit IgE receptor signaling in respiratory tract mast cells by blocking Syk, a novel drug target for respiratory diseases. Mast cells play important roles in both early and late phase allergic reactions, and Syk inhibitors could prevent both phases.

        The collaboration is now centered on the development of R343. Pfizer has completed the Phase 1a clinical trial of an inhaled formulation of R343, which commenced in December 2007, resulting in a milestone payment of $5.0 million to us by that time. We expect that Pfizer will initiate a Phase 1b allergen challenge trial in 2009.

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Corporate Collaborations

        We conduct research and development programs independently and in connection with our corporate collaborators. We currently have collaborations with six major pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies.

        These collaborations are:

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Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., a division of Johnson & Johnson, relating to oncology therapeutics and diagnostics;



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Pfizer, Inc., one initiated in 1999 in immunology and the other in January 2005, relating to intrapulmonary asthma and allergy therapeutics;



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Novartis Pharma AG, or Novartis, with respect to four different programs relating to immunology, oncology and chronic bronchitis;



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Daiichi Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., or Daiichi, relating to oncology;



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Merck & Co., Inc., or Merck, also relating to oncology;



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Merck Serono, relating to our aurora kinase inhibitor program.

        None of these collaborations currently provides us with regular research reimbursement. In all of these collaborations, if certain conditions are met, we are entitled to receive future milestone payments and royalties. We cannot guarantee that these conditions will be met or that research and development efforts will be successful. As a result, we may not receive any further milestone payments or royalties under these agreements.

Our Discovery Engine

        The technologies that we use in connection with both our proprietary product development programs and our corporate collaborations are designed to identify protein targets for compound screening and validate the role of those targets in the disease process. Unlike genomics-based approaches, which begin by identifying genes and then searching for their functions, our approach identifies proteins that are demonstrated to have an important role in a specific disease pathway. By understanding the disease pathway, we attempt to avoid studying genes that will not make good drug targets and focus only on the subset of expressed proteins of genes that we believe are specifically implicated in the disease process.

        We begin by developing assays that model the key events in a disease process at the cellular level. We then search hundreds of millions of cells to identify potential protein targets. In addition, we identify the proteins involved in the intracellular process and prepare a map of their interactions, thus giving us a comprehensive picture of the intracellular disease pathway. We believe that our approach has a number of advantages, including:

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improved target identification:  it focuses only on the subset of expressed proteins of genes believed to be specifically implicated in the disease process;



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rapid validation of protein targets:  it produces validated protein targets quickly because it uses key events in the disease process as the basis to design the functional, disease-based screen;



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improved disease pathway mapping:  it produces a comprehensive map of the intracellular disease pathway, enabling the identification of a large number of potential protein targets;



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informed target selection:  it provides a variety of different types of targets and information concerning the role each plays in their endogenous state to better select targets more susceptible to pharmaceutical intervention;

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efficient compound screening:  it increases the probability and speed with which compound screening will identify "hits" because it provides detailed knowledge of the target that can be used to guide the design of the compound screen; and



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risk reduction:  it may reduce the risk of failure in the product development process due to serious side effects, including toxicity or other reasons, by selecting only targets that are specific to the disease in question and that have no apparent role in other cell types or signaling pathways.

        Because of the very large number of cells and proteins employed, our technology is labor intensive. The complexity of our technology requires a high degree of skill and diligence to perform successfully. In addition, successful application of our technology depends on a highly diverse collection of proteins to test in cells. We believe we have been and will continue to be able to meet these challenges successfully and increase our ability to identify targets for drug discovery. Although other companies may utilize technologies similar to certain aspects of our technology, we are unaware of any other company that employs the same combination of technologies that we do.

Pharmacology and Preclinical Development

        We believe that the rapid characterization and optimization of lead compounds identified in high throughput screening, or HTS, will generate high-quality preclinical development candidates. Our pharmacology and preclinical development group facilitates lead optimization by characterizing lead compounds with respect to pharmacokinetics, potency, efficacy and selectivity. The generation of proof-of-principle data in animals and the establishment of standard pharmacological models with which to assess lead compounds represent integral components of lead optimization. As programs move through the lead optimization stage, our pharmacology and preclinical development groups support our chemists and biologists by performing the necessary studies, including toxicology, for investigative new drug, or IND, application submissions.

Clinical Development

        We have assembled a team of experts in drug development to design and implement clinical trials and to analyze the data derived from these trials. The clinical development group possesses expertise in project management and regulatory affairs.

Intellectual Property

        We are able to protect our technology from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that it is covered by valid and enforceable patents or is effectively maintained as a trade secret. Accordingly, patents and other proprietary rights are an essential element of our business. We have over 220 pending patent applications and over 120 issued patents in the United States that are owned by or exclusively licensed to us in our field, as well as pending corresponding foreign patent applications. Our policy is to file patent applications to protect technology, inventions and improvements to inventions that are commercially important to the development of our business. We seek United States and international patent protection for a variety of technologies, including new screening methodologies and other research tools, target molecules that are associated with disease states identified in our screens, and lead compounds that can affect disease pathways. We also intend to seek patent protection or rely upon trade secret rights to protect other technologies that may be used to discover and validate targets and that may be used to identify and develop novel drugs. We seek protection, in part, through confidentiality and proprietary information agreements. We are a party to various license agreements that give us rights to use technologies in our research and development.

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Competition

        The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Many of the drugs that we are attempting to discover will be competing with existing therapies. In addition, a number of companies are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same diseases and conditions that we are targeting. We face, and will continue to face, intense competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as from academic and research institutions and government agencies, both in the United States and abroad. Some of these competitors are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same diseases and conditions as our research programs. Our major competitors include fully integrated pharmaceutical companies that have extensive drug discovery efforts and are developing novel small molecule pharmaceuticals. We also face significant competition from organizations that are pursuing the same or similar technologies, including the discovery of targets that are useful in compound screening, as the technologies used by us in our drug discovery efforts.

        Competition may also arise from:

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new or better methods of target identification or validation;



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other drug development technologies and methods of preventing or reducing the incidence of disease;



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new small molecules; or



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other classes of therapeutic agents.

        Our competitors or their collaborative partners may utilize discovery technologies and techniques or partner with collaborators in order to develop products more rapidly or successfully than we or our collaborators are able to do. Many of our competitors, particularly large pharmaceutical companies, have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources and larger research and development staffs than we do. In addition, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private organizations conducting research may seek patent protection with respect to potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.

        We believe that our ability to compete is dependent, in part, upon our ability to create, maintain and license scientifically-advanced technology and upon our and our collaborators' ability to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products based on this technology, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, obtain patent protection or otherwise develop proprietary technology or processes and secure sufficient capital resources for the expected substantial time period between technological conception and commercial sales of products based upon our technology. The failure by any of our collaborators or us in any of those areas may prevent the successful commercialization of our potential drug targets.

        Many of our competitors, either alone or together with their collaborative partners, have significantly greater experience than we do in:

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identifying and validating targets;



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screening compounds against targets; and



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undertaking preclinical testing and clinical trials.

        Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection, identifying or validating new targets or discovering new drug compounds before we do.

        Our competitors might develop technologies and drugs that are more effective or less costly than any that are being developed by us or that would render our technology and potential drugs obsolete

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and noncompetitive. In addition, our competitors may succeed in obtaining the approval of the FDA or other regulatory agencies for product candidates more rapidly. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before their competitors may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain patent and FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to market certain products. Any drugs resulting from our research and development efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative partners, might not be able to compete successfully with competitors' existing or future products or obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere.

        We face and will continue to face intense competition from other companies for collaborative arrangements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, for establishing relationships with academic and research institutions and for licenses to additional technologies. These competitors, either alone or with their collaborative partners, may succeed in developing technologies or products that are more effective than ours.

        Our ability to compete successfully will depend, in part, on our ability to:

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identify and validate targets;



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discover candidate drug compounds that interact with the targets we identify;



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attract and retain scientific and product development personnel;



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obtain patent or other proprietary protection for our new drug compounds and technologies; and



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enter commercialization agreements for our new drug compounds.

Research and Development Expenses

        A significant portion of our operating expenses is related to research and development and we intend to maintain our strong commitment to research and development. See "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for costs and expenses related to research and development, and other financial information for fiscal years 2008, 2007, and 2006.

Government Regulation

        Our ongoing development activities are and will continue to be subject to extensive regulation by numerous governmental authorities in the United States and other countries, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The regulatory review and approval process is expensive and uncertain. Securing FDA approval requires the submission of extensive preclinical and clinical data and supporting information to the FDA for each indication to establish a product candidate's safety and efficacy.

        Preclinical studies generally are conducted in laboratory animals to evaluate the potential safety and the efficacy of a product. Drug developers submit the results of preclinical studies to the FDA as part of an IND application that must be approved before clinical trials can begin in humans. Typically, clinical evaluation involves a time consuming and costly three-phase process.

•

Phase 1—Clinical trials are conducted with a small number of patients to determine the early safety profile, maximum tolerated dose and pharmacological properties of the product in human volunteers.



•

Phase 2—Clinical trials are conducted with groups of patients afflicted with a specific disease in order to determine preliminary efficacy, optimal dosages and expanded evidence of safety.

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•

Phase 3—Large-scale, multi-center, comparative clinical trials are conducted with patients afflicted with a specific disease in order to determine safety and efficacy as primary support for regulatory approval by the FDA to market a product candidate for a specific disease.

        The approval process takes many years, requires the expenditure of substantial resources and may involve ongoing requirements for post-marketing studies. Clinical trials are subject to oversight by institutional review boards and the FDA. In addition, clinical trials:

•

must be conducted in conformance with the FDA's good clinical practices and other applicable regulations;



•

must meet requirements for institutional review board oversight;



•

must meet requirements for informed consent;



•

are subject to continuing FDA oversight;



•

may require large numbers of participants; and



•

may be suspended by us, our collaborators or the FDA at any time if it is believed that the subjects participating in these trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or if the FDA finds deficiencies in the IND or the conduct of these trials.

        Even if we are able to achieve success in our clinical testing, we, or our collaborative partners, must provide the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities with clinical data that demonstrates the safety and efficacy of our products in humans before they can be approved for commercial sale. We do not know whether any future clinical trials will demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy necessary to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals or will result in marketable products. Our failure, or the failure of our strategic partners, to adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our products under development will prevent receipt of FDA and similar foreign regulatory approval and, ultimately, commercialization of our products.

        Any clinical trial may fail to produce results satisfactory to the FDA. Preclinical and clinical data can be interpreted in different ways, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Negative or inconclusive results or adverse medical events during a clinical trial could cause a clinical trial to be repeated or a program to be terminated. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy or interpretation during the period of product development, clinical trials and FDA regulatory review. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or injunction, as well as other regulatory action against our potential products, collaborative partners or us. Additionally, we have no experience in working with our partners in conducting and managing the clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval.

        Outside the United States, our ability to market a product is contingent upon receiving a marketing authorization from the appropriate regulatory authorities. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, marketing authorization, pricing and reimbursement vary widely from country to country. At present, foreign marketing authorizations are applied for at a national level, although within the European Union, or EU, registration procedures are available to companies wishing to market a product in more than one EU member state. If the regulatory authority is satisfied that adequate evidence of safety, quality and efficacy has been presented, a marketing authorization will be granted. This foreign regulatory approval process involves all of the risks associated with FDA clearance.

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Manufacturing and Raw Materials

        We currently rely on, and will continue to rely on, third party contract manufacturers to produce sufficient quantities of our product candidates for use in our preclinical and anticipated clinical trials.

Employees

        As of December 31, 2008, we had 181 employees. None of our employees are represented by a collective bargaining arrangement, and we believe our relationship with our employees is good. Recruiting and retaining qualified scientific personnel to perform research and development work in the future will be critical to our success. We may not be able to attract and retain personnel on acceptable terms given the competition among pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic and research institutions and government agencies for experienced scientists.

        In February 2009, we announced that we have cut our research programs in virology and oncology as well as terminated certain related development and administrative staff, which resulted in the dismissal of 36 employees, or approximately 20% of our workforce. This measure is intended to maintain our emphasis on active preclinical and clinical programs, while conserving our resources. We are still assessing the restructuring and other charges associated with this measure, which are expected to be recorded in the first quarter of 2009.

Scientific and Medical Advisors

        We utilize scientists and physicians to advise us on scientific and medical matters as part of our ongoing research and product development efforts, including experts in clinical trial design, preclinical development work, chemistry, biology, infectious diseases, immunology and oncology. Certain of our scientific and medical advisors and consultants receive an option to purchase our common stock and an honorarium for time spent assisting us.

Available Information

        Our website is located at www.rigel.com. The information found on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We electronically file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, our director and officers' Section 16 reports and other SEC filings and amendments to the reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We make available free of charge on or through our website copies of these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these reports with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Further, a copy of these reports is located at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A.    Risk Factors

        In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the following risks, as well as the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and those we may make from time to time. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently see as immaterial, may also harm our business.

We will need additional capital in the future to sufficiently fund our operations and research.

        We have consumed substantial amounts of capital to date, and our operating expenditures are expected to increase over the next several years as we continue our research and development activities, including preclinical studies and clinical trials.

        We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our current and projected funding requirements through at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of our product candidates and other research and development activities, including risks and uncertainties that could impact the rate of progress of our development activities, we are unable to estimate with certainty the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials and other research and development activities.

        For the foreseeable future, our operations will require significant additional funding, in large part due to our research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical-testing costs, and the absence of any revenues from product sales. The amount of future funds needed will depend largely on the timing and structure of potential future collaborations, including in particular with respect to R788. We anticipate that we will enter into a collaboration agreement with respect to R788 after the results of ongoing Phase 2b clinical trials of R788 are available, but we may not be able to do so on acceptable terms, or at all. Until we are able to generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, we expect to finance future cash needs through public and/or private equity offerings, debt financings or collaboration and licensing arrangements, as well as through interest income earned on the investment of our cash balances and short-term investments. With the exception of milestone and royalty payments that we may receive under our existing collaborations, we do not currently have any commitments for future funding. Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government. These events have generally made equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain. As a result of these and other factors, we do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed, or that, if available, we will obtain financing on reasonable terms.

        To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders could at that time experience substantial dilution. Any debt financing that we are able to obtain may involve operating covenants that restrict our business. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

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Our future funding requirements will depend on many uncertain factors.

        Our future funding requirements will depend upon many factors, including, but not limited to:

•

the progress and success of clinical trials and preclinical activities (including studies and manufacture of materials) of our product candidates conducted by us or our collaborative partners or licensees;



•

our ability to establish new collaborations and the terms thereof;



•

the progress of research programs carried out by us;



•

any changes in the breadth of our research and development programs;



•

our ability to meet the milestones identified in our collaborative agreements that trigger payments;



•

the progress of the research and development efforts of our collaborative partners;



•

our ability to acquire or license other technologies or compounds that we seek to pursue;



•

our ability to manage our growth;



•

competing technological and market developments;



•

the costs and timing of obtaining, enforcing and defending our patent and intellectual property rights;



•

the costs and timing of regulatory approvals and filings by us and our collaborators; and



•

expenses associated with the pending and potential additional related purported securities class action lawsuits, as well as any unforeseen litigation.

        Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research and development programs, to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose or may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern.

Our success as a company is uncertain due to our history of operating losses and the uncertainty of future profitability.

        Due in large part to the significant research and development expenditures required to identify and validate new product candidates and pursue our development efforts, we have not been profitable and have incurred operating losses since we were incorporated in June 1996. The extent of our future losses and the timing of potential profitability are highly uncertain, and we may never achieve profitable operations. We incurred net losses of approximately $132.3 million in 2008, $74.3 million in 2007 and $37.6 million in 2006. Currently, our revenues are generated solely from research milestone payments pursuant to our collaboration agreements and licenses and are insufficient to generate profitable operations. As of December 31, 2008, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $501.8 million. We expect to incur losses for at least the next several years and expect that these losses could increase as we expand our research and development activities and incur significant clinical and testing costs.

There is a high risk that drug discovery and development efforts might not successfully generate good product candidates.

        At the present time, the majority of our operations are in various stages of drug identification and development. We currently have four product compounds in the clinical testing stage: one with indications for RA, ITP, B-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma, which is proprietary to our company;

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one in safety testing and intended for psoriasis, which is proprietary to our company; one with six indications for oncology, which is subject to a collaboration agreement with Merck Serono; and one in safety testing and intended for allergic asthma, which is subject to a collaboration agreement with Pfizer. In our industry, it is statistically unlikely that the limited number of compounds that we have identified as potential product candidates will actually lead to successful product development efforts, and we do not expect any drugs resulting from our research to be commercially available for several years, if at all.

        Our compounds in clinical trials and our future leads for potential drug compounds are subject to the risks and failures inherent in the development of pharmaceutical products. These risks include, but are not limited to, the inherent difficulty in selecting the right drug and drug target and avoiding unwanted side effects as well as unanticipated problems relating to product development, testing, regulatory compliance, manufacturing, competition and costs and expenses that may exceed current estimates. For example, in our recently completed Phase 2a clinical trial for R788 in RA, the most common clinically meaningful adverse events noted in the clinical trial included dose-related neutropenia, mild elevations of liver function tests and gastrointestinal side effects. In larger future clinical trials, we may discover additional side effects and/or higher frequency of side effects than those observed in completed clinical trials. If approved by the FDA, the side effect profile of R788 may also result in a narrowly approved indication for use of the product, especially in light of other drugs currently available to treat RA, dependent on the safety profile of R788 relative to those drugs.

        The results of preliminary studies do not necessarily predict clinical or commercial success, and larger later-stage clinical trials may fail to confirm the results observed in the preliminary studies. Our lead product candidate is in early development, having recently completed initial Phase 2 clinical trials in two indications. We are conducting additional Phase 2b trials, with larger numbers of patients, before proceeding into Phase 3 trials with R788 for RA. Furthermore, our Phase 2 clinical trial for ITP was conducted in highly refractory patients, as opposed to treatment-naive patients. If efficacy is not demonstrated among treatment-naive patients, any approved indication for ITP will be limited to a subset of the patient population. Finally, with respect to our own compounds in development, we have established anticipated timelines with respect to the initiation or completion of clinical studies based on existing knowledge of the compound. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will meet any of these timelines for clinical development.

        Because of the uncertainty of whether the accumulated preclinical evidence (pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety and/or other factors) or early clinical results will be observed in later clinical trials, we can make no assurances regarding the likely results from our future clinical trials or the impact of those results on our business.

We might not be able to commercialize our product candidates successfully if problems arise in the clinical testing and approval process.

        Commercialization of our product candidates depends upon successful completion of extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy for humans. Preclinical testing and clinical development are long, expensive and uncertain processes.

        In connection with clinical trials of our product candidates, we face the risks that:

•

the product candidate may not prove to be effective;



•

we may discover that a product candidate may cause harmful side effects;



•

the results may not replicate the results of earlier, smaller trials;



•

we or the FDA or similar foreign regulatory authorities may suspend the trials;



•

the results may not be statistically significant;

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•

patient recruitment may be slower than expected;



•

patients may drop out of the trials; and



•

regulatory requirements may change.

        We do not know whether we, or any of our collaborative partners, will be permitted to undertake clinical trials of potential products beyond the trials already concluded and the trials currently in process. It will take us, or our collaborative partners several years to complete any such testing, and failure can occur at any stage of testing. Interim results of trials do not necessarily predict final results, and acceptable results in early trials may not be repeated in later trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including biotechnology companies, have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after achieving promising results in earlier trials. Moreover, we or our collaborative partners or regulators may decide to discontinue development of any or all of these projects at any time for commercial, scientific or other reasons.

Delays in clinical testing could result in increased costs to us.

        Significant delays in clinical testing could materially impact our product development costs and timing. We do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, will need to be halted or revamped or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a study, delays from scale up, delays in reaching agreement on acceptable clinical study agreement terms with prospective clinical sites, delays in obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a study at a prospective clinical site or delays in recruiting subjects to participate in a study.

        In addition, we typically rely on third-party clinical investigators to conduct our clinical trials and other third-party organizations to oversee the operations of such trials and to perform data collection and analysis. The clinical investigators are not our employees, and we cannot control the amount or timing of resources that they devote to our programs. Failure of the third-party organizations to meet their obligations could adversely affect clinical development of our products. As a result, we may face additional delaying factors outside our control if these parties do not perform their obligations in a timely fashion. While we have not yet experienced delays that have materially impacted our clinical trials or product development costs, delays of this sort could occur for the reasons identified above or other reasons. If we have delays in testing or approvals, our product development costs will increase. For example, we may need to make additional payments to third-party investigators and organizations to retain their services or we may need to pay recruitment incentives. If the delays are significant, our financial results and the commercial prospects for our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to become profitable will be delayed. Moreover, these third-party investigators and organizations may also have relationships with other commercial entities, some of which may compete with us. If these third-party investigators and organizations assist our competitors at our expense, it could harm our competitive position.

We lack the capability to manufacture compounds for development and rely on third parties to manufacture our product candidates, and we may be unable to obtain required material in a timely manner, at an acceptable cost or at a quality level required to receive regulatory approval.

        We currently do not have manufacturing capabilities or experience necessary to produce our product candidates, including R788. We rely on a single manufacturer for all of our clinical trials. We rely on manufacturers to produce and deliver all of the materials required for our preclinical and clinical efforts on a timely basis and to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, including the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP. In addition, we rely on our suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of materials produced under GMP conditions to enable us to conduct planned preclinical studies, clinical trials and, if possible, to bring products to market in a timely manner.

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        Our current and anticipated future dependence upon these third-party manufacturers may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize product candidates on a timely and competitive basis. These manufacturers may not be able to produce material on a timely basis or manufacture material at the quality level or in the quantity required to meet our development timelines and applicable regulatory requirements and may also experience a shortage in qualified personnel. We may not be able to maintain or renew our existing third-party manufacturing arrangements, or enter into new arrangements, on acceptable terms, or at all. Our third-party manufacturers could terminate or decline to renew our manufacturing arrangements based on their own business priorities, at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us. If we are unable to contract for the production of materials in sufficient quantity and of sufficient quality on acceptable terms, our planned clinical trials may be significantly delayed. Manufacturing delays could postpone the filing of our investigational new drug, or IND, applications and/or the initiation of clinical trials that we have currently planned.

        Drug manufacturers are subject to ongoing periodic unannounced inspection by the FDA, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and other agencies to ensure strict compliance with GMP and other government regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We do not have control over third-party manufacturers' compliance with these regulations and standards and they may not be able to comply. Switching manufacturers may be difficult because the number of potential manufacturers is limited. It may be difficult or impossible for us to find a replacement manufacturer quickly on acceptable terms, or at all. Additionally, if we are required to enter into new supply arrangements, we may not be able to obtain approval from the FDA of any alternate supplier in a timely manner, or at all, which could delay or prevent the clinical development and commercialization of any related product candidates. Failure of our third-party manufacturers or us to obtain approval from the FDA or to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines, civil penalties, delays in or failure to grant marketing approval of our product candidates, injunctions, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of products and compounds, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could significantly and adversely affect our business.

Because we expect to be dependent upon collaborative and license agreements, we might not meet our strategic objectives.

        Our ability to generate revenue in the near term depends on our ability to enter into additional collaborative agreements with third parties, including in particular with respect to R788, and to maintain the agreements we currently have in place. Our ability to enter into new collaborations and the revenue, if any, that may be recognized under these collaborations is highly uncertain. If we are unable to enter into one or more new collaborations, our business prospects could be harmed, which could have an immediate adverse effect on our ability to continue to develop our compounds, including R788, and on the trading price of our stock. Our ability to enter into a collaboration may be dependent on many factors, such as the results of our clinical trials, competitive factors and the fit of one of our programs with another company's risk tolerance, including toward regulatory issues, patent portfolio, clinical pipeline, the stage of the available data, particularly if it is early, overall corporate goals and financial position.

        To date, most of our revenues have been related to the research phase of each of our collaborative agreements. Such revenues are for specified periods, and the impact of such revenues on our results of operations is partially offset by corresponding research costs. Following the completion of the research phase of each collaborative agreement, additional revenues may come only from milestone payments and royalties, which may not be paid, if at all, until some time well into the future. The risk is heightened due to the fact that unsuccessful research efforts may preclude us from receiving any milestone payments under these agreements. Our receipt of revenues from collaborative arrangements is also significantly affected by the timing of efforts expended by us and our collaborators and the timing of lead compound identification. We have received milestone payments from Johnson &

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Johnson, Novartis, Daiichi, Merck, Merck Serono and Pfizer. Under many agreements, however, milestone payments may not be earned until the collaborator has advanced product candidates into clinical testing, which may never occur or may not occur until some time well into the future. If we are not able to generate revenue under our collaborations when and in accordance with our expectations or the expectations of industry analysts, this failure could harm our business and have an immediate adverse effect on the trading price of our stock.

        Our business requires us to generate meaningful revenue from royalties and licensing agreements. To date, we have not received any revenue from royalties for the commercial sale of drugs, and we do not know when we will receive any such revenue, if at all. Likewise, we have not licensed any lead compounds or drug development candidates to third parties, and we do not know whether any such license will be entered into on acceptable terms in the future, if at all.

If our corporate collaborations or license agreements are unsuccessful, our research and development efforts could be delayed.

        Our strategy depends upon the formation and sustainability of multiple collaborative arrangements and license agreements with third parties in the future. We rely on these arrangements for not only financial resources, but also for expertise that we expect to need in the future relating to clinical trials, manufacturing, sales and marketing, and for licenses to technology rights. To date, we have entered into several such arrangements with corporate collaborators; however, we do not know if such or additional third parties will dedicate sufficient resources or if any development or commercialization efforts by third parties will be successful. Should a collaborative partner fail to develop or commercialize a compound or product to which it has rights from us for any reason including corporate restructuring, such failure might delay ongoing research and development efforts at Rigel, because we might not receive any future milestone payments, and we would not receive any royalties associated with such compound or product. In addition, the continuation of some of our partnered drug discovery and development programs may be dependent on the periodic renewal of our corporate collaborations.

        The research phase of our collaboration with Johnson & Johnson ended in 2003, and the research phases conducted at our facilities under our broad collaboration with Novartis ended in 2004. The research phase of our corporate collaboration agreement with Daiichi ended in 2005. In 2004, we signed a new corporate collaboration with Merck, and the research phase of this collaboration ended in May 2007. In 2005, we signed additional collaborations with Pfizer and Merck Serono. Each of our collaborations could be terminated by the other party at any time, and we may not be able to renew these collaborations on acceptable terms, if at all, or negotiate additional corporate collaborations on acceptable terms, if at all. If these collaborations terminate or are not renewed, any resultant loss of revenues from these collaborations or loss of the expertise of our collaborative partners could adversely affect our business.

        Conflicts also might arise with collaborative partners concerning proprietary rights to particular compounds. While our existing collaborative agreements typically provide that we retain milestone payments and royalty rights with respect to drugs developed from certain derivative compounds, any such payments or royalty rights may be at reduced rates, and disputes may arise over the application of derivative payment provisions to such drugs, and we may not be successful in such disputes.

        We are also a party to various license agreements that give us rights to use specified technologies in our research and development processes. The agreements pursuant to which we have in-licensed technology permit our licensors to terminate the agreements under certain circumstances. If we are not able to continue to license these and future technologies on commercially reasonable terms, our product development and research may be delayed.

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If conflicts arise between our collaborators or advisors and us, any of them may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our stockholders' interests.

        If conflicts arise between us and our corporate collaborators or scientific advisors, the other party may act in its self-interest and not in the interest of our stockholders. Some of our corporate collaborators are conducting multiple product development efforts within each disease area that is the subject of the collaboration with us or may be acquired or merged with a company having a competing program. In some of our collaborations, we have agreed not to conduct, independently or with any third party, any research that is competitive with the research conducted under our collaborations. Our collaborators, however, may develop, either alone or with others, products in related fields that are competitive with the products or potential products that are the subject of these collaborations. Competing products, either developed by our collaborators or to which our collaborators have rights, may result in their withdrawal of support for our product candidates.

        If any of our corporate collaborators were to breach or terminate its agreement with us or otherwise fail to conduct the collaborative activities successfully and in a timely manner, the preclinical or clinical development or commercialization of the affected product candidates or research programs could be delayed or terminated. We generally do not control the amount and timing of resources that our corporate collaborators devote to our programs or potential products. We do not know whether current or future collaborative partners, if any, might pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, as a means for developing treatments for the diseases targeted by collaborative arrangements with us.

Our success is dependent on intellectual property rights held by us and third parties, and our interest in such rights is complex and uncertain.

        Our success will depend to a large part on our own, our licensees' and our licensors' ability to obtain and defend patents for each party's respective technologies and the compounds and other products, if any, resulting from the application of such technologies. We have over 220 pending patent applications and over 120 issued patents in the United States that are owned or exclusively licensed in our field as well as pending corresponding foreign patent applications. In the future, our patent position might be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. For example, we may be involved in interferences before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Interferences are complex and expensive legal proceedings and there is no assurance we will be successful in such proceedings. An interference could result in our losing our patent rights and/or our freedom to operate and/or require us to pay significant royalties. Additional uncertainty may result because no consistent policy regarding the breadth of legal claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims allowed in our or other companies' patents.

        Because the degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, we cannot ensure that:

•

we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending patent applications;



•

we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;



•

others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;



•

any of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents;



•

any patents issued to us or our collaborators will provide a basis for commercially-viable products or will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties;



•

we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or

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•

the patents of others will not have a negative effect on our ability to do business.

        We rely on trade secrets to protect technology where we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable; however, trade secrets are difficult to protect. While we require employees, collaborators and consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements, we may not be able to adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure or the lawful development by others of such information.

        We are a party to certain in-license agreements that are important to our business, and we generally do not control the prosecution of in-licensed technology. Accordingly, we are unable to exercise the same degree of control over this intellectual property as we exercise over our internally-developed technology. Moreover, some of our academic institution licensors, research collaborators and scientific advisors have rights to publish data and information in which we have rights. If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our technology and other confidential information in connection with our collaborations, then our ability to receive patent protection or protect our proprietary information will be impaired. In addition, some of the technology we have licensed relies on patented inventions developed using U.S. government resources. The U.S. government retains certain rights, as defined by law, in such patents, and may choose to exercise such rights. Certain of our in-licenses may be terminated if we fail to meet specified obligations. If we fail to meet such obligations and any of our licensors exercise their termination rights, we could lose our rights under those agreements. If we lose any of our rights, it may adversely affect the way we conduct our business. In addition, because certain of our licenses are sublicenses, the actions of our licensors may affect our rights under those licenses.

If a dispute arises regarding the infringement or misappropriation of the proprietary rights of others, such dispute could be costly and result in delays in our research and development activities and partnering.

        Our success will also depend, in part, on our ability to operate without infringing or misappropriating the proprietary rights of others. There are many issued patents and patent applications filed by third parties relating to products or processes that are similar or identical to our licensors or ours, and others may be filed in the future. There can be no assurance that our activities, or those of our licensors, will not infringe patents owned by others. We believe that there may be significant litigation in the industry regarding patent and other intellectual property rights, and we do not know if our collaborators or we would be successful in any such litigation. Any legal action against our collaborators or us claiming damages or seeking to enjoin commercial activities relating to the affected products, our methods or processes could:

•

require our collaborators or us to obtain a license to continue to use, manufacture or market the affected products, methods or processes, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all;



•

prevent us from using the subject matter claimed in the patents held by others;



•

subject us to potential liability for damages;



•

consume a substantial portion of our managerial and financial resources; and



•

result in litigation or administrative proceedings that may be costly, whether we win or lose.

The restructuring of our research programs could result in management distractions, operational disruptions and other difficulties.

        In February 2009, we announced that we cut our research programs in virology and oncology as well as terminated certain related development and administrative staff, which resulted in the dismissal of 36 employees, or approximately 20% of our workforce. Employees whose positions were eliminated in connection with this reduction may seek future employment with our competitors. Although all

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employees are required to sign a confidentiality agreement with us at the time of hire, we cannot assure you that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment. Any additional restructuring efforts could divert the attention of our management away from our operations, harm our reputation and increase our expenses. We cannot assure you that we will not undertake additional restructuring activities, that any of our restructuring efforts will be successful, or that we will be able to realize the cost savings and other anticipated benefits from our previous or future restructuring plans. In addition, if we continue to reduce our workforce, it may adversely impact our ability to continue to develop our product candidates.

If we are unable to obtain regulatory approval to market products in the United States and foreign jurisdictions, we will not be permitted to commercialize products from our research and development.

        Due, in part, to the early stage of our product candidate research and development process, we cannot predict whether regulatory clearance will be obtained for any product that we, or our collaborative partners, hope to develop. Satisfaction of regulatory requirements typically takes many years, is dependent upon the type complexity and novelty of the product and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. Of particular significance to us are the requirements relating to research and development and testing.

        Before commencing clinical trials in humans in the United States, we, or our collaborative partners, will need to submit and receive approval from the FDA of an IND. Clinical trials are subject to oversight by institutional review boards and the FDA and:

•

must be conducted in conformance with the FDA's good clinical practices and other applicable regulations;



•

must meet requirements for institutional review board oversight;



•

must meet requirements for informed consent;



•

are subject to continuing FDA oversight;



•

may require large numbers of test subjects; and



•

may be suspended by us, our collaborators or the FDA at any time if it is believed that the subjects participating in these trials are being exposed to unacceptable health risks or if the FDA finds deficiencies in the IND or the conduct of these trials.

        While we have stated that we intend to file additional INDs, this is only a statement of intent, and we may not be able to do so because we may not be able to identify potential product candidates. In addition, the FDA may not approve any IND in a timely manner, or at all.

        Before receiving FDA approval to market a product, we must demonstrate that the product is safe and effective in the patient population and the indication that will be treated. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations that could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approvals. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered based upon additional government regulation from future legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy during the period of product development, clinical trials and FDA regulatory review. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, total or partial suspension of production or injunction, as well as other regulatory action against our potential products or us. Additionally, we have limited experience in conducting and managing the clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval.

        If regulatory approval of a product is granted, this approval will be limited to those indications or disease states and conditions for which the product is demonstrated through clinical trials to be safe and efficacious. We cannot ensure that any compound developed by us, alone or with others, will prove

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to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials and will meet all of the applicable regulatory requirements needed to receive marketing approval.

        Outside the United States, our ability, or that of our collaborative partners, to market a product is contingent upon receiving a marketing authorization from the appropriate regulatory authorities. This foreign regulatory approval process typically includes all of the risks associated with FDA approval described above and may also include additional risks.

If our competitors develop technologies that are more effective than ours, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.

        The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Many of the drugs that we are attempting to discover will be competing with existing therapies. In addition, a number of companies are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same diseases and conditions that we are targeting. We face, and will continue to face, intense competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, as well as from academic and research institutions and government agencies, both in the United States and abroad. Some of these competitors are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same diseases and conditions as our research programs. Our major competitors include fully integrated pharmaceutical companies that have extensive drug discovery efforts and are developing novel small molecule pharmaceuticals. We also face significant competition from organizations that are pursuing the same or similar technologies, including the discovery of targets that are useful in compound screening, as the technologies used by us in our drug discovery efforts.

        Competition may also arise from:

•

new or better methods of target identification or validation;



•

other drug development technologies and methods of preventing or reducing the incidence of disease;



•

new small molecules; or



•

other classes of therapeutic agents.

        Our competitors or their collaborative partners may utilize discovery technologies and techniques or partner with collaborators in order to develop products more rapidly or successfully than we or our collaborators are able to do. Many of our competitors, particularly large pharmaceutical companies, have substantially greater financial, technical and human resources and larger research and development staffs than we do. In addition, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private organizations conducting research may seek patent protection with respect to potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.

        We believe that our ability to compete is dependent, in part, upon our ability to create, maintain and license scientifically-advanced technology and upon our and our collaborators' ability to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical products based on this technology, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, obtain patent protection or otherwise develop proprietary technology or processes and secure sufficient capital resources for the expected substantial time period between technological conception and commercial sales of products based upon our technology. The failure by any of our collaborators or us in any of those areas may prevent the successful commercialization of our potential drug targets.

        Many of our competitors, either alone or together with their collaborative partners, have significantly greater experience than we do in:

•

identifying and validating targets;

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•

screening compounds against targets; and



•

undertaking preclinical testing and clinical trials.

        Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection, identifying or validating new targets or discovering new drug compounds before we do.

        Our competitors might develop technologies and drugs that are more effective or less costly than any that are being developed by us or that would render our technology and potential drugs obsolete and noncompetitive. In addition, our competitors may succeed in obtaining the approval of the FDA or other regulatory agencies for product candidates more rapidly. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before their competitors may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain patent and FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to market certain products. Any drugs resulting from our research and development efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative partners, might not be able to compete successfully with competitors' existing or future products or obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere.

        We face and will continue to face intense competition from other companies for collaborative arrangements with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, for establishing relationships with academic and research institutions and for licenses to additional technologies. These competitors, either alone or with their collaborative partners, may succeed in developing technologies or products that are more effective than ours.

Our ability to generate revenues will be diminished if our collaborative partners fail to obtain acceptable prices or an adequate level of reimbursement for products from third-party payors or government agencies.

        The drugs we hope to develop may be rejected by the marketplace due to many factors, including cost. Our ability to commercially exploit a drug may be limited due to the continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means. For example, in some foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals are subject to government control. In the United States, we expect that there will continue to be a number of federal and state proposals to implement similar government control. In addition, increasing emphasis on managed care in the United States will likely continue to put pressure on the pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the price that any of our collaborators would receive for any products in the future. Further, cost control initiatives could adversely affect our collaborators' ability to commercialize our products and our ability to realize royalties from this commercialization.

        Our ability to commercialize pharmaceutical products with collaborators may depend, in part, on the extent to which reimbursement for the products will be available from:

•

government and health administration authorities;



•

private health insurers; and



•

other third-party payors.

        Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly-approved healthcare products. Third-party payors, including Medicare, are challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Government and other third-party payors increasingly are attempting to contain healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval. Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients for any products we discover and develop, alone or with collaborators. If government and

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other third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for our products, the market acceptance of these products may be reduced.

If product liability lawsuits are successfully brought against us, we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to limit commercialization of our products.

        The testing and marketing of medical products entail an inherent risk of product liability. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our products. We are not currently aware of any specific causes for concern with respect to clinical liability claims. We carry product liability insurance that is limited in scope and amount and may not be adequate to fully protect us against product liability claims. Our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop, alone or with corporate collaborators. We, or our corporate collaborators, might not be able to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all. While under various circumstances we are entitled to be indemnified against losses by our corporate collaborators, indemnification may not be available or adequate should any claim arise.

Our research and development efforts will be seriously jeopardized, if we are unable to attract and retain key employees and relationships.

        As a small company, our success depends on the continued contributions of our principal management and scientific personnel and on our ability to develop and maintain important relationships with leading academic institutions, scientists and companies in the face of intense competition for such personnel. In particular, our research programs depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled chemists, other scientists, and development, regulatory and clinical personnel. If we lose the services of any of our key personnel, our research and development efforts could be seriously and adversely affected. Our employees can terminate their employment with us at any time.

We depend on various scientific consultants and advisors for the success and continuation of our research and development efforts.

        We work extensively with various scientific consultants and advisors. The potential success of our drug discovery and development programs depends, in part, on continued collaborations with certain of these consultants and advisors. We, and various members of our management and research staff, rely on certain of these consultants and advisors for expertise in our research, regulatory and clinical efforts. Our scientific advisors are not our employees and may have commitments to, or consulting or advisory contracts with, other entities that may limit their availability to us. We do not know if we will be able to maintain such consulting agreements or that such scientific advisors will not enter into consulting arrangements, exclusive or otherwise, with competing pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies, any of which would have a detrimental impact on our research objectives and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we use biological and hazardous materials in a manner that causes injury or violates laws, we may be liable for damages.

        Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially harmful biological materials as well as hazardous materials, chemicals and various radioactive compounds. We cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from the use, storage, handling or disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be held liable for damages that result, and such liability could exceed our resources. We are also subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and specified waste products. The cost of compliance with, or any potential violation of, these laws and regulations could be significant.

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Our facilities are located near known earthquake fault zones, and the occurrence of an earthquake or other catastrophic disaster could cause damage to our facilities and equipment, which could require us to cease or curtail operations.

        Our facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay Area near known earthquake fault zones and are vulnerable to significant damage from earthquakes. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including fires, floods, power loss, communications failures and similar events. If any disaster were to occur, our ability to operate our business at our facilities would be seriously, or potentially completely, impaired, and our research could be lost or destroyed. In addition, the unique nature of our research activities and of much of our equipment could make it difficult for us to recover from a disaster. The insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from disasters or other business interruptions.

Future interest income and value of our investments may be impacted by further declines in interest rates and the broader effects of the recent turmoil in the global credit markets.

        Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval. As a result of this turmoil, the interest paid on certain of our investments may decrease and the value of certain securities we hold may decline in the future, which could negatively affect our financial condition, cash flow and reported earnings.

We have been named a defendant in a purported securities class action lawsuit. These, and potential similar or related litigation, could result in substantial damages and may divert management's time and attention from our business.

        On February 6, 2009, a purported securities class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, naming as defendants us and certain of our officers, directors and underwriters for our February 2008 stock offering. The lawsuit alleges violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with allegedly false and misleading statements made by us related to the results of the Phase 2a clinical trial of our product candidate R788. The plaintiff alleges that we failed to disclose facts related to the response rates of trial patients in Mexico compared to trial patients in the U.S., an increase in average blood pressure of trial patients treated with R788 and an increase in liver enzymes in trial patients treated with R788 compared to those treated with placebo. The plaintiff seeks damages, including rescission or rescissory damages for purchasers in the stock offering, an award of its costs and injunctive and/or equitable relief for purchasers of our common stock during the period between December 13, 2007 and October 27, 2008, including purchasers in the stock offering. An additional purported securities class action lawsuit containing similar allegations was subsequently filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on February 20, 2009. It is possible that additional suits will be filed, or allegations received from stockholders, with respect to these same matters and also naming us and/or our officers and directors as defendants.

        We believe that we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously. These lawsuits and any other related lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and the actual cost will depend upon many unknown factors. The outcome of the litigation is necessarily uncertain, we could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of these suits and we may not prevail. Monitoring and defending against legal actions is time-consuming for our management and detracts from our ability to fully focus our internal resources on our business activities. In addition, we may incur substantial legal fees and costs in connection with the litigation. We are not currently able to estimate the possible cost to us from these matters, as these lawsuits are currently at an early stage and we cannot be certain how long it may take to resolve these matters or the possible amount of any damages that we may be required to pay. We have not established any reserves for any potential liability relating to these lawsuits. It is possible that we could, in the future, incur judgments or enter

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into settlements of claims for monetary damages. A decision adverse to our interests on these actions could result in the payment of substantial damages, or possibly fines, and could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow, results of operations and financial position. In addition, the uncertainty of the currently pending litigation could lead to more volatility in our stock price.

Our stock price may be volatile, and our stockholders' investment in our stock could decline in value.

        The market prices for our securities and those of other biotechnology companies have been highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. The following factors, in addition to other risk factors described in this section, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:

•

the progress and success of clinical trials and preclinical activities (i.e., studies, manufacture of materials) of our product candidates conducted by us or our collaborative partners or licensees;



•

the receipt or failure to receive the additional funding necessary to conduct our business;



•

selling by large stockholders;



•

presentations of detailed clinical trial data at medical and scientific conferences and investor perception thereof;



•

announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by our competitors or us;



•

developments concerning proprietary rights, including patents;



•

developments concerning our collaborations;



•

publicity regarding actual or potential medical results relating to products under development by our competitors or us;



•

regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;



•

litigation;



•

economic and other external factors or other disaster or crisis; and



•

period-to-period fluctuations in financial results.

Future equity issuances or a sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

        Because we may need to raise additional capital in the future to continue to expand our business and our research and development activities, among other things, we may conduct additional equity offerings. If we or our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued upon the exercise of options and warrants) in the public market, the market price of our common stock could fall. A decline in the market price of our common stock could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law may make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our stockholders, more difficult.

        Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. These provisions:

•

establish that members of the board of directors may be removed only for cause upon the affirmative vote of stockholders owning a majority of our capital stock;

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•

authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt;



•

limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders;



•

prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;



•

establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings;



•

provide for a board of directors with staggered terms; and



•

provide that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by a resolution of our board of directors.

        In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which imposes certain restrictions relating to transactions with major stockholders, may discourage, delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us.

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments

        None.

Item 2.    Properties

        We currently lease facilities consisting of approximately 147,000 square feet of research and office space located at 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California. The lease expires in January 2018. We believe our facilities are in good operating condition and that the leased real property is adequate for all present and near term uses.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

        On February 6, 2009, a purported securities class action lawsuit was commenced in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, naming as defendants us and certain of our officers, directors and underwriters for our February 2008 stock offering. The lawsuit alleges violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in connection with allegedly false and misleading statements made by us related to the results of the Phase 2a clinical trial of our product candidate R788. The plaintiff seeks damages, including rescission or rescissory damages for purchasers in the stock offering, an award of its costs and injunctive and/or equitable relief for purchasers of our common stock during the period between December 13, 2007 and October 27, 2008, including purchasers in the stock offering. An additional purported securities class action lawsuit containing similar allegations was subsequently filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on February 20, 2009. It is possible that additional suits will be filed, or allegations received from stockholders, with respect to these same matters and also naming us and/or our officers and directors as defendants.

        We believe that we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously. These lawsuits and any other related lawsuits are subject to inherent uncertainties, and the actual cost will depend upon many unknown factors. The outcome of the litigation is necessarily uncertain, we could be forced to expend significant resources in the defense of these lawsuits and we may not prevail.

Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

        None.

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PART II

Item 5.    Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

        Our common stock commenced trading publicly on a predecessor to the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "RIGL" on December 7, 2000. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low intraday sales prices of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market:

        On February 20, 2009, the last reported sale price for our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market was $5.88 per share.

Holders

        As of February 20, 2009, there were approximately 127 stockholders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

        We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not plan to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Performance Measurement Comparison

        The graph below shows the cumulative total stockholder return of an investment of $100 (and the reinvestment of any dividends thereafter) on December 31, 2003 in (i) our common stock, (ii) the Nasdaq Composite Index and (iii) the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index. The Nasdaq Biotechnology Index is a modified-capitalization weighted index that includes securities of Nasdaq-listed companies classified according to the Industry Classification Benchmark as either Biotechnology or Pharmaceuticals and which also meet other eligibility criteria. Our stock price performance shown in the graph below is based upon historical data and is not indicative of future stock price performance.

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        The following graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or be deemed to be "filed" with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

*

$100 invested on 12/31/03 in stock or index-including reinvestment of dividends at fiscal year ending December 31.

Item 6.    Selected Financial Data

        The following selected financial data have been derived from our audited financial statements. The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of our results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and

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Results of Operations" and "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        See Note 1 to the Financial Statements for description of the number of shares used in the computation of basic and diluted loss per share.

Item 7.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

        We are a clinical-stage drug development company that discovers and develops novel, small-molecule drugs for the treatment of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, as well as for certain cancers and metabolic diseases. Our pioneering research focuses on intracellular signaling pathways and related targets that are critical to disease mechanisms. Our productivity has resulted in strategic collaborations

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with large pharmaceutical partners to develop and market our product candidates. We have product development programs in inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, thrombocytopenia and asthma, as well as in cancer.

        We have not been profitable and have incurred operating losses since we were incorporated in June 1996. The extent of our future losses and the timing of potential profitability are highly uncertain, and we may never achieve profitable operations. We incurred net losses of approximately $132.3 million in 2008, $74.3 million in 2007 and $37.6 million in 2006. Currently, our revenues are generated solely from research milestone payments pursuant to our collaboration agreements and licenses and are insufficient to generate profitable operations. In addition, we have funded our operations primarily through private and public offerings of our common stock. As of December 31, 2008, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $501.8 million. We expect to incur losses for at least the next several years and expect that these losses could increase as we expand our research and development activities and incur significant clinical and testing costs. Until we are able to generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, we expect to finance future cash needs through collaboration and licensing arrangements or public and/or private equity or debt offerings, as well as through interest income earned on the investment of our cash balances and short-term investments.

        For the foreseeable future, our operations will require significant additional funding, in large part due to our research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical-testing costs, and the absence of any revenues from product sales. The amount of future funds needed will depend largely on the timing and structure of potential future collaborations. With the exception of milestone and royalty payments that we may receive under our existing collaborations, we do not currently have any commitments for future funding. We continue to pursue a collaboration partner for our lead product candidate, R788, prior to initiating Phase 3 clinical trials. We have engaged in discussions with various parties regarding such a partnership. At the present time, while we have parties who have indicated an interest in entering into a partnership for R788, we believe we will be able to negotiate a more attractive arrangement for us and our stockholders once we have the results from the two Phase 2b clinical trials of R788, TASKi2 and TASKi3. The results from these two clinical trials are expected to be available in July and August 2009, respectively.

        We will have to raise additional capital if we do not identify a collaboration partner for R788. Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government. These events have generally made equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain. As a result of these and other factors, we do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed, or that, if available, we will obtain financing on reasonable terms.

        We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our current and projected funding requirements through at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of our product candidates and other research and development activities, including risks and uncertainties that could impact the rate of progress of our development activities, we are unable to estimate with certainty the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials and other research and development activities.

Corporate Collaborations

        We conduct research and development programs independently and in connection with our corporate collaborations. We currently have collaborations with six major pharmaceutical/biotechnology companies. These collaborations include a collaboration with Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., a division of

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Johnson & Johnson, relating to oncology therapeutics and diagnostics; two collaborations with Pfizer, one initiated in 1999 in immunology and the other in January 2005, relating to intrapulmonary asthma and allergy therapeutics; a collaboration with Novartis Pharma AG, or Novartis, with respect to four different programs relating to immunology, oncology and chronic bronchitis; a collaboration with Daiichi Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., or Daiichi, relating to oncology; a collaboration with Merck & Co., Inc., or Merck, also relating to oncology; and a collaboration with Merck Serono, relating to our aurora kinase inhibitor program. None of these collaborations currently provides us with regular research reimbursement. In all of these collaborations, if certain conditions are met, we are entitled to receive future milestone payments and royalties. We cannot guarantee that these conditions will be met or that research and development efforts will be successful. As a result, we may not receive any further milestone payments or royalties under these agreements.

Recent Developments

        In February 2009, we announced that we have cut our research programs in virology and oncology as well as terminated certain related development and administrative staff, which resulted in the dismissal of 36 employees, or approximately 20% of our workforce. This measure is intended to maintain our emphasis on active preclinical and clinical programs, while conserving our resources. We are still assessing the restructuring and other charges associated with this measure, which are expected to be recorded in the first quarter of 2009.

Equity Financings

        During the first quarter of 2008, we completed an underwritten public offering in which we sold 5,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $27.00 per share. We received net proceeds of approximately $127.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

Critical Accounting Policies and the Use of Estimates

        Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to terms of the research collaborations (i.e. amortization of upfront fees and certain milestone payments), investments, stock compensation, impairment issues, the estimated useful life of assets and contingencies, on an on-going basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe that there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements:

Revenue Recognition

        We recognize revenue from our collaboration arrangements. Our revenue arrangements with multiple elements are evaluated under Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, No. 00-21, "Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables," and are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the customer and whether there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of any undelivered items. The

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consideration we receive is allocated among the separate units based on their respective fair values, and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units. Advance payments received in excess of amounts earned are classified as deferred revenue until earned.

        Non-refundable, up-front payments received in connection with research and development collaboration agreements, including technology access fees, are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the relevant periods of continuing involvement, generally the research term. When a research term is not specified, we estimate the time it will take us to complete our deliverables under the contract and recognize the upfront fee using the straight-line method over that time period. We review our estimates every quarter for reasonableness.

        Revenue related to collaborative research with our corporate collaborators is recognized as research services are performed over the related development periods for each contract. Under these agreements, we are required to perform research and development activities as specified in the applicable agreement. The payments received are not refundable and are generally based on a contractual cost per full-time equivalent employee working on the project. Our research and development expenses under the collaborative research agreements, except for the Merck collaboration signed in November 2004 related to ubiquitin ligases, approximate or exceed the revenue recognized under such agreements over the term of the respective agreements. For the Merck collaboration, we recognized a pro-rata portion of the invoiced amounts for funding of our research scientists based on the headcount dedicated to the project. When the research portion of the collaboration ended in May 2007, we recognized the full amount of the deferred revenue related to the contract because we had no further obligations under the Merck collaboration. It is our policy to recognize revenue based on our level of effort expended, and that revenue recognized will not exceed amounts billable under the arrangement.

        Revenues associated with at-risk milestones pursuant to collaborative agreements are recognized based upon the achievement of the milestones as set forth in the applicable agreement.

Stock-based Compensation

        Total stock-based compensation expense related to our officers, directors and all other employees and consultants stock option plans that we recognized for the year ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was comprised as follows:

        We grant options to purchase our common stock to our officers, directors and all other employees and consultants under our stock option plans. Eligible employees can also purchase shares of our common stock at a price per share equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value on the first day of the offering period or 85% of the fair market value on the purchase date under our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP. The benefits provided under these plans are stock-based payments subject to the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard, or SFAS, No. 123(R), "Share-Based Payment (Revised 2004)," or SFAS No. 123(R). Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective application transition method. Under this method, the stock-based compensation costs recognized beginning January 1, 2006 include compensation costs for (i) all stock-based payments granted prior to, but not vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant

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date fair value originally estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," or SFAS No. 123, and (ii) all stock-based payments granted on or after January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, or SAB 107. For awards granted on or after, January 1, 2006, we adopted the use of the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period for the entire award. In addition, pursuant to SFAS No. 123(R), we estimate the amount of expected forfeitures when calculating compensation costs, then record actual forfeitures as they occur. We review our forfeiture rates each quarter and make any necessary changes to our estimates.

        In January 2008, we granted 1,305,691 shares of stock options to our employees. Due to a higher stock price and volatility rate on the grant date, the valuation for these stock options was approximately $24.1 million. The increase of stock-based compensation expense in 2008 was mainly due to the amortization of expense associated with the January 2008 grant.

        We also record charges associated with options granted to consultants reflecting the fair value valuation and periodic fair value re-measurement of outstanding consultant options under EITF No. 96-18, "Accounting for Equity Instruments That are Issued to Other Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services," or EITF 96-18. The valuation is based upon the current market value of our common stock and other assumptions, including the expected future volatility of our stock price, risk-free interest rate and expected term. For consultant options granted on or after January 1, 2006, we amortized stock-based compensation using a straight-line attribution method consistent with the method used for employees and with the attribution election we made upon adoption of SFAS No. 123(R). For options granted prior to January 1, 2006, we used the accelerated method for expensing stock-based compensation, which was the method we used prior to adoption of SFAS No. 123(R). As of September 30, 2008, all of our outstanding consultant options were fully vested and the related stock-based compensation expenses were fully recognized.

        The determination of the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is affected by our stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and dividends. We estimate volatility over the expected term of the option using historical share price performance. For expected term, among other things, we take into consideration our historical data of options exercised, cancelled and expired. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity rate. We have not paid and do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. In order to calculate stock-based compensation expense, we also estimate the forfeiture rate using our historical experience with options that cancel before they vest.

Research and Development Accruals

        We have various contracts with third parties related to our research and development activities. Costs that are incurred but not billed to us as of the end of the period are accrued. We make estimates of the amounts incurred in each period based on the information available to us and our knowledge of the nature of the contractual activities generating such costs. Clinical trial contract expenses are accrued based on units of activity completed and reported by third parties. Expenses related to other research and development contracts, such as research contracts, toxicology study contracts and manufacturing contracts are estimated to be incurred generally on a straight-line basis over the duration of the contracts. Raw materials and study materials purchased by the third parties are expensed at the time of purchase. Many of our estimates are based significantly or in part on information provided by the third parties. If such information were not reported properly, our research and development expense amounts could be misstated.

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Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006

Revenues

        Revenues by collaborator were:

        There were no contract revenues reported during the year ended December 31, 2008 because there was no milestone triggering activity in 2008 and the research portion of the Merck collaboration ended in May 2007. Contract revenues from collaborations in 2007 consisted primarily of a $5.0 million milestone payment from Pfizer, a $3.0 million milestone payment from Merck Serono and $3.8 million in full-time equivalent, or FTE, and license revenue from Merck. The decrease in revenues in 2007, as compared to the similar period in 2006, was primarily due to the recognition of milestone payments totaling $8.0 million and the full amortization of an upfront payment of $7.5 million from Merck Serono, each in 2006. Contract revenues from collaborations in 2007 and 2006 consisted primarily of milestone payments, amortization of upfront fees, and research support. We had no deferred revenue as of December 31, 2008. Our potential future revenues may include certain milestone payments from our current collaboration partners or new collaboration partners we enter into agreements with in the future.

Research and Development

        The increase in research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to the same period in 2007, was primarily due to an increase in clinical costs, as well as stock-based compensation expense as discussed under "Stock-Based Compensation" above, partially offset by the decrease in bonus expense in 2008 as we will not pay any bonuses for 2008. The increase in clinical costs was primarily attributable to increased costs associated with our two Phase 2b clinical trials (TASKi2 and TASKi3), as well as the related extension trials in RA patients and manufacturing R788 material to be used in these clinical trials. The increase in research and development expenses in 2007, as compared to the similar period in 2006, was due to an increase in clinical costs and personnel costs, offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense, as discussed under "Stock-Based Compensation" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The increase in clinical costs was primarily

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attributable to costs associated with our Phase 2a clinical trials of R788 in RA and our Phase 2 clinical trials of R788 in ITP and B-cell lymphoma. The increase in personnel costs was attributable to a company-wide bonus program implemented in 2007.

        The scope and magnitude of future research and development expenses are difficult to predict given the number of clinical trials that we will need to conduct for any of our potential products, as well as our limited capital resources. In general, biopharmaceutical development involves a series of steps, beginning with identification of a potential target and including, among others, proof of concept in animals and Phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical trials in humans. Each of these steps is typically more expensive than the previous step. Success in early stages of development often results in increasing expenditures for a given product candidate. Our research and development expenditures currently include costs for scientific personnel, supplies, equipment, consultants, sponsored research, allocated facility costs, costs related to preclinical and clinical trials, and stock-based compensation.

General and Administrative Expenses

        The increase in general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to the same period in 2007, was primarily attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation expense, as discussed under "Stock-Based Compensation" above, as well as an increase in legal costs associated with the expansion of our patent portfolio, partially offset by the decrease in bonus expense in 2008 as we will not pay any bonuses for 2008. The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2007, as compared to the similar period in 2006, was primarily attributable to an increase in personnel costs due to a new company-wide bonus program implemented in 2007, as well as an increase in legal costs associated with the expansion of our patent portfolio. Due to the purported securities class action lawsuit recently filed against us, we expect that our legal expenses will increase in 2009 as we will vigorously defend the lawsuit.

Interest income

        Interest income results from our interest-bearing cash and investment balances. The decrease in interest income for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to the same period in 2007, was due to lower interest rates earned on our investments in 2008. Interest income was relatively flat from 2006 to 2007.

Interest expense

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        Interest expense results from our capital lease obligations associated with fixed asset acquisitions. The decrease in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2008, as compared to the same period in 2007, was due to lower interest rates on capital lease obligations outstanding during those periods. The decrease in interest expense in 2007, as compared to 2006, was due to the decrease in capital lease obligations outstanding during those periods.

Income tax benefit

        Income tax benefit in 2008 results from our federal refundable credit calculated based on fixed assets placed into service from April 1, 2008 to December 31, 2008, in accordance with the provisions of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

        On June 25, 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, ratified the consensus reached by the EITF on EITF Issue No. 07-5 "Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) is Indexed to an Entity's Own Stock", or EITF 07-5. EITF 07-5 provides guidance on how to determine whether certain instruments or features were indexed to the company's own stock. EITF 07-5 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We evaluated the impact of adopting EITF 07-5 and concluded the adoption will have no material effect on our financial statements.

        On December 12, 2007, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF on EITF Issue No. 07-1, "Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements," or EITF 07-1. EITF 07-1 defines collaborative arrangements and establishes reporting requirements for transactions between participants in a collaborative arrangement and between participants in the arrangement and third parties. EITF 07-1 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008 and will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented for all collaborative arrangements existing as of the effective date. We are evaluating the impact of adopting EITF 07-1 on our financial statements and can not estimate the impact of adoption at this time.

        In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities-Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115." SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Entities that elect the fair value option will report unrealized gains and losses in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis, with few exceptions. SFAS No. 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar assets and liabilities. We adopted SFAS No. 159 on January 1, 2008, but did not elect the fair value option to measure eligible items. Accordingly, this statement had no effect on our financial statements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Requirements

        We have financed our operations from inception primarily through sales of equity securities, contract payments under our collaboration agreements and equipment financing arrangements. We have consumed substantial amounts of capital to date, and our operating expenditures are expected to

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increase over the next several years, in large part due to our research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical testing costs and the absence of any revenues from product sales.

        In the first quarter of 2008, we completed a public offering in which we sold 5,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $27.00 per share. We received net proceeds of approximately $127.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

        As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $134.5 million in cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities, as compared to approximately $108.3 million as of December 31, 2007, an increase of approximately $26.2 million. The increase was primarily attributable to net proceeds from our public offering in the first quarter of 2008, offset by operating spending for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008. We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to support our current and projected funding requirements through at least the next 12 months. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of our product candidates and other research and development activities, including risks and uncertainties that could impact the rate of progress of our development activities, we are unable to estimate with certainty the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenditures associated with our current and anticipated clinical trials and other research and development activities.

        Our operations will require significant additional funding for the foreseeable future. The amount of future funds needed will depend largely on the timing and structure of potential future collaborations. Until we are able to generate a sufficient amount of product revenue, we expect to finance future cash needs through public and/or private equity offerings, debt financings or collaboration and licensing arrangements, as well as through interest income earned on the investment of our cash balances and short-term investments. With the exception of milestone and royalty payments that we may receive under our existing collaborations, we do not currently have any commitments for future funding. Recently, the credit markets and the financial services industry have been experiencing a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government. These events have generally made equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain. As a result of these and other factors, we do not know whether additional financing will be available when needed, or that, if available, we will be able to obtain financing on reasonable terms.

        To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders could at that time experience substantial dilution. Any debt financing that we are able to obtain may involve operating covenants that restrict our business. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some of our rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

        Our future funding requirements will depend upon many factors, including, but not limited to:

•

the progress and success of clinical trials and preclinical activities (including studies and manufacture of materials) of our product candidates conducted by us or our collaborative partners or licensees;



•

our ability to establish new collaborations and the terms thereof;



•

the progress of research programs carried out by us;



•

any changes in the breadth of our research and development programs;



•

our ability to meet the milestones identified in our collaborative agreements that trigger payments;

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•

the progress of the research and development efforts of our collaborative partners;



•

our ability to acquire or license other technologies or compounds that we seek to pursue;



•

our ability to manage our growth;



•

competing technological and market developments;



•

the costs and timing of obtaining, enforcing and defending our patent and intellectual property rights;



•

the costs and timing of regulatory approvals and filings by us and our collaborators; and



•

expenses associated with the pending and potential additional related purported securities class action lawsuits, as well as any unforeseen litigation.

        Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all of our research or development programs, to lose rights under existing licenses or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose or may adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we maintained an investment portfolio primarily in money market funds, U. S. treasury bills, government-sponsored enterprise securities, and corporate bonds and commercial paper. Cash in excess of immediate requirements is invested with regard to liquidity and capital preservation. Wherever possible, we seek to minimize the potential effects of concentration and degrees of risk.

Cash Flows from Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

        Net cash used in operating activities was $103.5 million in 2008 compared to $52.2 million and $35.8 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The continued increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the increase in payments made as we continue to expand our research and development activities. The timing of cash requirements may vary from period to period depending on our research and development activities, including our planned preclinical and clinical trials, and future requirements to establish commercial capabilities for any products that we may develop.

        Net cash used in investing activities was $26.9 million in 2008 and $7.8 million in 2007. Net cash provided by investing activities in 2006 was $3.9 million. The increase in net cash used in investing activities in 2008 compared with 2007 related primarily to purchases of short-term investments, partially offset by maturities of short-term investments. In 2006, maturities of available-for-sale securities were higher than purchases of available-for-sale securities resulting in cash provided by investing activities. Capital expenditures were $2.5 million in 2008 compared to $933,000 in 2007 and $913,000 in 2006.

        Net cash provided by financing activities was $132.0 million in 2008 compared to $56.8 million and $2.8 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increases in net cash provided by financing activities in 2008 and 2007 were mainly due to the public offerings we completed in 2008 and 2007. We did not have any public offerings in 2006. In the first quarter of 2008, we completed a public offering in which

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we received net proceeds of approximately $127.5 million. In the second quarter of 2007, we completed a public offering in which we received net proceeds of approximately $52.3 million. Proceeds from capital lease financing were $2.9 million in 2008 compared to $918,000 and $1.4 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Payments on capital lease obligations for 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $1.2 million, $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We have no contractual arrangements that create potential material risk for us and are not recognized in our consolidated balance sheets.

Contractual Obligations

        The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008, which only consists of capital lease and facility lease obligations (in thousands):

(1)

As of December 31, 2008, we had $3.7 million in capital lease obligations, including principal and interest, associated with our equipment additions. All existing capital lease agreements as of December 31, 2008 are secured by the equipment financed, bearing interest at rates in a range of 4.99% to 10.85% and are due in monthly installments through 2012.

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

        The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities in which we invest may have market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the fair value amount of the investment to fluctuate. For example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the market value amount of our investment will decline. To minimize this risk in the future, we intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities in a variety of securities, including money market funds and government and non-government debt securities. In 2008, 2007 and 2006, we maintained an investment portfolio primarily in money market funds, U. S. treasury bills, government-sponsored enterprise securities, and corporate bonds and commercial paper. Due to the primarily short-term nature of these investments, we believe we do not have a material exposure to interest rate risk arising from our investments. In addition, we believe we have no incremental or new risk related to recent credit market volatility. Therefore, no quantitative tabular disclosure is provided.

        We have operated primarily in the United States, and all funding activities with our collaborators to date have been made in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we have not had any exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations.

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Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

        We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

        In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

        We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 24, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP  

Palo Alto, California
February 24, 2009

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RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See accompanying notes.

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RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes.

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RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)