Rimini Street, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2018

For the Transition Period from                               to                            

Commission File Number: 001-37397

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Company was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.         YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

YES þ NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, and an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).        

YES ¨ NO þ

The registrant had 63,007,658 shares of its $0.0001 par value common stock outstanding as of August 6, 2018. 

RIMINI STREET, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 — NATURE OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Nature of Business

Rimini Street, Inc. is a global provider of enterprise software support services. The Company’s subscription-based software support products and services offer enterprise software licensees a choice of solutions that replace or supplement the support products and services offered by enterprise software vendors.

Reverse Recapitalization

Rimini Street, Inc. (“RSI”) was incorporated in the state of Nevada in September 2005. In May 2017, RSI entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with GP Investments Acquisition Corp. (“GPIA”), a publicly-held special purpose acquisition company incorporated in the Cayman Islands and formed for the purpose of effecting a business combination with one or more businesses. The Merger Agreement was approved by the respective shareholders of RSI and GPIA in October 2017, and closing occurred on October 10, 2017, resulting in (i) the merger of a wholly owned subsidiary of GPIA with and into RSI, with RSI as the surviving corporation, after which (ii) RSI merged with and into GPIA, with GPIA as the surviving corporation and renamed “Rimini Street, Inc.” (referred to herein as “RMNI”, as distinguished from RSI, which is defined as the predecessor entity with the same legal name) immediately after consummation of the second merger. The transactions associated with the first merger and the second merger are referred to herein as the “Mergers”. The accompanying financial statements refer to the “Company” to include the accounts and activities of RSI before the Mergers, and those of RMNI after the Mergers, except where the context indicates otherwise. RSI’s capital structure consisted of Series A, B and C Convertible Preferred Stock (“RSI Preferred Stock”) and Class A and B Common Stock (“RSI Common Stock”). RSI Preferred Stock and RSI Common Stock are collectively referred to as “RSI Capital Stock”.

Since GPIA was a non-operating public shell company, the Mergers have been accounted for as a capital transaction rather than a business combination. Specifically, the transaction was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization consisting of the issuance of RMNI Common Stock (defined below) by RSI for the net monetary assets of GPIA accompanied by a recapitalization. Accordingly, the net monetary assets received by RMNI as a result of the Mergers with GPIA were treated as a capital infusion on the closing date. In order to reflect the change in capitalization, the historical capitalization related to shares of RSI Common Stock have been retroactively restated based on the exchange ratio as if shares of RMNI Common Stock had been issued as of the later of (i) the issuance date of the shares, or (ii) the earliest period presented in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. The conversion of RSI Preferred Stock to RMNI Common Stock required the affirmative vote by the respective holders of RSI Preferred Stock. Therefore, conversion was not reflected until October 10, 2017, and the capital structure of RMNI was deemed to include the RSI Preferred Stock until consummation of the Mergers when it converted into approximately 24.1 million shares of RMNI Common Stock.

As the surviving legal entity, the legal capital structure of GPIA is maintained post-merger, while the amounts associated with the historical capital activities and retained earnings of GPIA were eliminated since the amounts associated with the historical capital activities and operations are deemed to be those of RSI, the operating company and predecessor for accounting purposes. Prior to the consummation of the Mergers, GPIA domesticated as a Delaware corporation (the “Delaware Domestication”) and is authorized to issue up to one billion shares of $0.0001 par value common stock (referred to herein as “RMNI Common Stock” or “Common Stock”), and up to 100 million shares of $0.0001 par value preferred stock that may be issued in one or more series as determined by the Board of Directors. As such, the financial results of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 reflect the operating results of RSI and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The exchange ratio for the Mergers resulted in the issuance of approximately 0.2394 shares of RMNI Common Stock for each outstanding share of RSI Capital Stock (the “Exchange Ratio”) on October 10, 2017. Upon consummation of the Mergers, the former GPIA shareholders owned approximately 9.3 million shares of RMNI Common Stock and the former RSI shareholders obtained an 83% controlling interest in the outstanding shares of RMNI Common Stock. Upon consummation of the Mergers, seven of the nine members of the Board of Directors of RMNI previously served as directors of RSI.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 15, 2018 (the “2017 Form 10-K”).

The accompanying condensed balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2017 have been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements. The Company’s financial condition as of June 30, 2018, and operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the financial condition and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2018.

Reclassifications

In addition to the accounting for the reverse recapitalization discussed above, certain amounts in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of RSI issued for the six months ended June 30, 2017, have been reclassified to conform to the Company’s presentation for the current period. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported net loss, working capital deficit, stockholders’ deficit and cash flows.

NOTE 2 — LIQUIDITY AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Liquidity

As of June 30, 2018, the Company’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets by $131.1 million, and the Company incurred a net loss of $21.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had available cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $35.5 million. As discussed in Note 12, the Company refinanced and repaid its Credit Facility on July 19, 2018 through aggregate cash payments of $132.8 million that resulted in the termination of the Credit Facility. These cash payments were funded from the gross cash proceeds of $133.0 million from the sale of 140,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and approximately 2.9 million shares of Common Stock. In addition, the Company used approximately $2.7 million of its cash for unpaid transaction costs due at the Closing. This refinancing is expected to improve the Company’s liquidity and capital resources whereby cash dividends are payable at 10.0% per annum that will result in quarterly cash dividends ranging from $3.5 million to $4.0 million over the initial 5-year period beginning on the issuance date, and thereafter cash dividends will be payable at 13.0% per annum. Additionally, the Company is obligated to make operating and capital lease payments that are due within the next 12 months in the aggregate amount of $5.5 million. The Company believes that current cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and future cash flow from operating activities will be sufficient to meet the Company’s anticipated cash needs, including cash dividend requirements, working capital needs, capital expenditures and contractual obligations for at least 12 months from the issuance date of these financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, to determine the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company’s significant accounting estimates include, but are not necessarily limited to, accounts receivable, valuation assumptions for stock options, embedded derivatives and warrants, deferred income taxes and the related valuation allowances, and the evaluation and measurement of contingencies. To the extent there are material differences between the Company’s estimates and the actual results, the Company’s future consolidated results of operation may be affected.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Standards. The following recently issued accounting standard was adopted during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017:

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new standard is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are classified in the statements of cash flows and must be adopted retrospectively for each prior reporting period presented upon initial adoption. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to adopt this standard during the fourth quarter of 2017, and there were no transactions that required retrospective adjustments in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company was required to pay $4.6 million for a make-whole applicable premium associated with a mandatory principal prepayment in April 2017. This new standard required that this payment be classified as a financing cash flow in the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2017.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, retrospective effect must be given since the $4.6 million make-whole applicable premium payment was reflected as an operating cash flow when those financial statements were originally issued. Presented below is the retrospective effect of adoption of ASU No. 2016-15 on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 (in thousands):

The following accounting standards are not yet effective; Management has not completed its evaluation to determine the impact that adoption of these standards will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition standards under U.S. GAAP. The new standard provides a five-step process for recognizing revenue that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also requires expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures related to the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The new standard allows for two transition methods: (i) a full retrospective method applied to each prior reporting period presented, or (ii) a modified retrospective method applied with the cumulative effect of adoption recognized on adoption date. The Company currently anticipates adopting the standard using the full retrospective method. The Company has assigned internal resources, engaged a third-party service provider, and is continuing the evaluation of the quantitative impact to our financial statements as well its accounting policies, processes and systems. 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which requires organizations that lease assets (“lessees”) to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Under the new standard, both finance and operating leases will be required to be recognized on the balance sheet. Additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures, including significant judgments made by management, will also be required. The standard will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, assuming the Company still qualifies as an emerging growth company. Early adoption is permitted and the new standard was required to be adopted retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented upon initial adoption. However, in July 2018 the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11 Targeted Improvements, which provides lessees the option to apply the new leasing standard to all open leases as of the adoption date. The Company is still evaluating which transition approach will be implemented upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-02.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3 — OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are as follows (in thousands):

Other Accrued Liabilities

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, other accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accrued professional fees included a 15% holdback, or approximately $2.7 million, for amounts due to one of the Company’s attorneys for defense costs in connection with the Oracle litigation described in Note 7. The holdback amount is expected to be paid by the end of fiscal 2018.

NOTE 4 — DEBT

Debt is presented net of debt discounts and issuance costs (“DDIC”) in the Company’s balance sheets. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the net carrying value and balance sheet classification of debt is summarized as follows (in thousands):

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For purposes of classifying current maturities of long-term debt in the Company’s balance sheets, none of the discount is attributed to the current portion until the maturity date is less than one year from the balance sheet date. Accordingly, the $2.4 million net carrying amount of the related party note payable to GP Sponsor is classified as a current liability due to the revised maturity date in the first quarter of 2019. On July 2, 2018, the Company made a scheduled principal payment under the Credit Facility for $1.25 million. As discussed in Notes 11 and 12, the Company completed a private placement of Series A Preferred Stock and Common Stock on July 19, 2018 that resulted in gross cash proceeds of $133.0 million that were used to repay all remaining obligations under the Credit Facility. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2018, $1.25 million of the Credit Facility is classified as a current liability and the remainder of the net carrying value of $72.4 million is classified as a long-term liability due to the issuance of equity instruments that resulted in the refinancing on a long-term basis.

Credit Facility

Overview. In June 2016, the Company entered into a multi-draw term loan Financing Agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with a syndicate of lenders (the “Lenders”). The Credit Facility would have matured in June 2020 but was repaid and terminated in July 2018 as discussed in Note 12. The Credit Facility provided for an aggregate commitment of up to $125.0 million. An origination fee equal to 5.0% of the $125.0 million commitment was paid in cash to the Lenders from the proceeds of the initial term loan. The Credit Facility provided for an Original Issue Discount (“OID”) of 2.0% of the initial face amount of borrowings. Origination fees and OID have been accounted for as DDIC.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility were collateralized by substantially all assets of the Company, including certain cash depository accounts that were subject to control agreements with the Lenders. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the restricted cash balance under the control agreements totaled $10.2 million and $17.6 million, respectively. The Company was required to comply with various financial and operational covenants on a monthly or quarterly basis, including a leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, churn rate, asset coverage ratio, minimum gross margin, and certain budget compliance restrictions. Additionally, the covenants in the Credit Facility prohibited or limited the Company’s ability to incur additional debt, pay cash dividends, sell assets, merge or consolidate with another company, and other customary restrictions associated with debt arrangements.

Interest and Fees. The outstanding principal balance under the Credit Facility provided for monthly interest payments at 15.0% per annum, consisting of 12.0% per annum that was payable in cash and 3.0% per annum that was payable through the issuance of additional borrowings beginning on the interest payment due date (referred to as paid-in-kind, or “PIK” interest). In addition, a make-whole applicable premium payment of approximately 15.0% per annum through June 2019 was required for certain principal prepayments as defined in the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility provided for collateral monitoring fees at the rate of 2.5% of the outstanding principal balance. Until funding occurs, the Credit Facility required unused line fees of 5.0% per annum on the $17.5 million undrawn portion. All unused line fees and collateral monitoring fees were payable monthly in arrears and were recorded as a component of other debt financing expenses in the period incurred. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any event of default, the principal (including PIK interest), and all unpaid interest bear an additional interest rate of 2.0% per annum (the “Default Interest”) from the date such event of default occurred until it was cured or waived. The Lenders waived all Default Interest that would have otherwise been payable during periods when events of default existed.

Accretion and Amortization. DDIC that relates to the entire Credit Facility was allocated pro rata between the funded and unfunded portions of the Credit Facility based on the relative amounts that were cumulatively borrowed versus the undrawn portion of the $125.0 million commitment. DDIC related to funded debt was accreted to interest expense using the effective interest method based on the aggregate principal obligations to the Lenders and consulting and Trigger Event obligations to one of the lenders that served as the origination agent (the “Origination Agent”). DDIC associated with unfunded debt was amortized using the straight-line method from the date incurred through the maturity date of the Credit Facility, which was included in other debt financing expenses in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, accretion of DDIC related to the funded portion of the Credit Facility was at an annual rate of 28.4% and 26.3%, respectively. Excluding the impact of unused line fees, collateral monitoring fees, and amortization of DDIC related to the unfunded portion of the Credit Facility, the overall effective rate was 43.4% as of June 30, 2018 and 41.3% as of December 31, 2017.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Principal Prepayments. Under the Credit Facility, the Company was required to make payments to the Lenders when certain extraordinary cash receipts were received. Extraordinary receipts include certain insurance settlements, and court awards from litigation and appeals of judgments. As discussed in Note 7, on March 30, 2018, the Company received $21.5 million from the appeal of the Oracle litigation, of which approximately $0.5 million is payable to a third party that previously provided insurance coverage related to the litigation. On April 3, 2018, the Company paid $21.0 million consisting of $17.9 million of principal, and $3.1 million for make-whole applicable premium due to the Lenders. Since the make-whole applicable premium obligation was incurred on March 30, 2018, the Company recognized the $3.1 million expense during the first quarter of 2018. As of March 31, 2018, the Company also recognized a write off of DDIC for $7.2 million related to the $17.9 million principal prepayment that was triggered by collection of the appeal proceeds.

Funded Credit Facility Activity. Presented below is a summary of activity related to the funded debt, including allocated DDIC, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

Related Party Note Payable

Upon consummation of the Merger Agreement with GPIA, the Company assumed an outstanding loan payable to GPIC Ltd., a Bermuda company (“GP Sponsor”) with a face amount of approximately $3.0 million. This loan is non-interest bearing and was due and payable upon the outstanding principal balance under the Credit Facility being less than $95.0 million. At inception of this loan, the maturity date was expected to occur in June 2020 based on the scheduled principal payments under the Credit Facility. Due to the $17.9 million principal prepayment on April 3, 2018 discussed above, the maturity date was accelerated to March 2019. The maturity date was subsequently changed to January 2019 effective upon the closing of the private placement discussed in Note 11.

Interest was initially imputed under this note payable assuming a maturity date in June 2020 and based on the estimated market rate of 15.0% per annum, which resulted in a discount of approximately $1.0 million as of October 10, 2017. Based on the revised maturity date of March 2019, the imputed interest rate changed to 27.7% which resulted in accretion expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Interest Expense

The components of interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented below (in thousands):

Other Debt Financing Expenses

The components of other debt financing expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 are presented below (in thousands):

Embedded Derivatives

The Credit Facility includes features that were determined to be embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation and accounting as separate financial instruments. As of June 30, 2018, the Company determined that embedded derivatives include the requirements to pay make-whole applicable premium in connection with certain mandatory prepayments of principal, and default interest due to non-credit-related events of default. These embedded derivatives are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and have an aggregate fair value of $7.8 million and $1.6 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The change in the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities resulted in a loss of $6.7 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The change in the fair value of embedded derivative liabilities resulted in a loss of $6.2 million and $5.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value are reflected in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The fair value of these embedded derivatives was estimated using the “with” and “without” method. Accordingly, the Credit Facility was first valued with the embedded derivatives (the “with” scenario) and subsequently valued without the embedded derivatives (the “without” scenario). The fair values of the embedded derivatives were estimated as the difference between these two scenarios. The fair values were determined using the income approach, specifically the yield method. As of June 30, 2018, key Level 3 assumptions and estimates used in the valuation of the embedded derivatives include timing of projected principal payments, remaining term to maturity of approximately 2.0 years, probability of refinancing the Credit Facility in July 2018 of 95%, and a discount rate of 17.0%. As of June 30, 2018, the discount rate is comprised of a risk-free rate of 2.5% and a credit spread of 14.5%. The implied credit spread of 14.5% is within the range of option-adjusted spread indications from bonds of companies with similar credit quality. As of December 31, 2017, key Level 3 assumptions and estimates used in the valuation of the embedded derivatives include timing of projected principal payments, remaining term to maturity of approximately 2.5 years, probability of default of approximately 35%, and a discount rate of 20.9%. As of December 31, 2017, the discount rate is comprised of a risk-free rate of 1.9% and a credit spread of 19.0% determined based on option-adjusted spreads from public companies with similar credit quality.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 5—RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS, STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

The Company’s stock option plans consist of the 2007 Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”) and the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated in July 2017 (the “2013 Plan”). The 2007 Plan and the 2013 Plan are collectively referred to as the “Stock Plans”. For additional information about the Stock Plans, please refer to Note 7 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the 2017 Form 10-K. The information presented below provides an update for activity under the Stock Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Restricted Stock Units

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Board of Directors granted restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) under the 2013 Plan for an aggregate of approximately 176,000 shares of Common Stock to members of the Board of Directors, officers and employees of the Company. These RSU’s vest over periods ranging from 12 to 24 months from the respective grant dates and the awards are subject to forfeiture upon termination of employment or service on the Board of Directors. Based on the weighted average fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant of $8.53 per share, the aggregate fair value for the shares underlying the RSU’s amounted to $1.5 million as of the grant date that will be recognized as compensation cost over the vesting period. Accordingly, compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.4 million was recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. The unrecognized portion of $1.0 million is expected to be charged to expense on a straight-line basis as the RSU’s vest are over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.8 years.

Stock Options

On February 6, 2018, the Board of Directors authorized an increase of 2.3 million shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Board of Directors granted stock options for the purchase of an aggregate of approximately 1.3 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant of $8.46 per share. These stock options generally vest annually for one-third of the awards and expire ten years after the grant date.

The following table sets forth a summary of stock option activity under the Stock Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (shares in thousands):

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents activity affecting the total number of shares available for grant under the Stock Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2018 (in thousands):

The aggregate fair value of approximately 1,297,000 stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2018 amounted to $3.8 million, or $2.91 per share as of the grant date. Fair value was computed using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“BSM”) method and will result in the recognition of compensation cost over the vesting period of the stock options. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the fair value of each stock option grant under the Stock Plans was estimated on the date of grant using the BSM option-pricing model, with the following weighted-average assumptions:

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, was $5.4 million and $3.2 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the unrecognized costs are expected to be charged to expense on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 1.9 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense attributable to RSU’s and stock options for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 is classified as follows (in thousands):

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on June 7, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the Rimini Street, Inc. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP provides for the purchase by employees of up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock. The purchase price per share at which shares are sold in an offering period under the ESPP will be equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of the shares (i) on the first trading day of the offering period, or (ii) on the purchase date (i.e., the last trading day of the offering period). Offering periods will consist of two six-month periods generally commencing twice each calendar year. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide an opportunity for eligible employees of the Company to purchase shares of the Company at a discount through voluntary contributions from such employees’ eligible pay, thereby attracting, retaining and rewarding such persons and strengthening the mutuality of interest between such employees and the Company’s stockholders. Through June 30, 2018, no offering period under the ESPP had commenced and no shares of Common Stock had been issued under the ESPP.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Warrants

As of June 30, 2018, warrants are outstanding for an aggregate of 18.1 million shares of Common Stock, including 3.4 million shares of Common Stock exercisable at $5.64 per share, and an aggregate of 14.7 million shares of Common Stock exercisable at $11.50 per share. For additional information about these warrants, please refer to Note 8 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the 2017 Form 10-K.

As of June 30, 2017, redeemable warrants were outstanding for approximately 3.4 million shares (as restated to give effect for the reverse recapitalization discussed in Note 1) of the Common Stock. These redeemable warrants were classified under Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. No warrants were granted or exercised for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The fair value of the warrants at June 30, 2017 was $15.5 million. The increase in fair value of $7.6 million and $8.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, was recorded as a loss from change in fair value of redeemable warrants in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The cash redemption feature associated with these redeemable warrants was eliminated effective on October 10, 2017. Accordingly, the fair value of these warrants is no longer recognized as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets after October 10, 2017.

As of June 30, 2017, the valuation methodology for the redeemable warrants discussed above was performed through a hybrid model using Monte Carlo simulation, which considered consummation of the reverse recapitalization discussed in Note 1, a subsequent initial public offering, and a liquidation of the Company. Key Level 3 assumptions inherent in the warrant valuation methodology as of June 30, 2017 include projected revenue multiples of 1.7 to 1.8, volatility of 45% to 48%, the risk-free interest rate of 1.3% to 2.0%, a discount rate for lack of marketability of 19%, and an overall discount rate of approximately 25%.

NOTE 6—INCOME TAXES

In December 2017, the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”) was enacted into law which significantly revises the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The imposition of the Transition Tax may reduce or eliminate U.S. federal deferred taxes on the unremitted earnings of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. However, the Company may still be liable for withholding taxes, state taxes, or other income taxes that might be incurred upon the repatriation of foreign earnings. The Company has not made any provision for additional income taxes on undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries.

In December 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provided a measurement period of up to one year from the enactment date of the Tax Act for companies to complete the accounting for the Tax Act and its related impacts. The income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting is incomplete for the year ended December 31, 2017 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 include (i) whether to elect to expense or depreciate new capital equipment, (ii) the impact to the aforementioned item on state income taxes, and (iii) potential unrecognized tax benefits relating to the aforementioned items. The Company has made reasonable estimates for each of these items; however, such estimates may subsequently be revised based on evolving analyses and interpretation of the Tax Act and related accounting guidance. Through June 30, 2018, the Company has not made any changes to the provisional estimates established as of December 31, 2017.

Due to a full valuation allowance for its net deferred tax assets in the United States, the Company recorded no change in deferred income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, no income tax expense was recorded in the United States since net operating losses were incurred. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, income tax expense was attributable to earnings in foreign jurisdictions subject to income taxes. The Company did not have any material changes to its conclusions regarding valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets or uncertain tax positions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases

The Company leases its office facilities under non-cancellable operating lease agreements that expire from July 2018 to September 2025. The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease period. Rent expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Rent expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments under the non-cancellable operating lease agreements are as follows (in thousands):

Rimini I Litigation

In January 2010, certain subsidiaries of Oracle Corporation (together with its subsidiaries individually and collectively, “Oracle”) filed a lawsuit, Oracle USA, Inc. et al. v. Rimini Street, Inc. et al. (United States District Court for the District of Nevada) (“Rimini I”), against the Company and its Chief Executive Officer, Seth Ravin, alleging that certain of the Company’s processes violated Oracle’s license agreements with its customers and that the Company committed acts of copyright infringement and violated other federal and state laws. The litigation involved the Company’s business processes and the manner in which the Company provided its services to its clients. To provide software support and maintenance services, the Company requests access to a separate environment for developing and testing the updates to the software programs. Prior to July 2014, PeopleSoft, J.D. Edwards and Siebel clients switching from Oracle to the Company’s enterprise software support systems were given a choice of two models for hosting the development and testing environment for their software: the environment could be hosted on the client’s servers or on the Company’s servers. In addition to other allegations, Oracle challenged the Rimini Street-hosted model for certain Oracle license agreements with its customers that contained site-based restrictions. Oracle alleged that its license agreements with these customers restrict licensees’ rights to provide third parties, such as the Company, with copies of Oracle software and restrict where a licensee physically may install the software. Oracle alleged that, in the course of providing services, the Company violated such license agreements and illegally downloaded software and support materials without authorization. Oracle further alleged that the Company impaired its computer systems in the course of downloading materials for the Company’s clients. Oracle filed amended complaints (together, the “amended complaint”) in April 2010 and June 2011. Specifically, Oracle’s amended complaint asserted the following causes of action: copyright infringement; violations of the Federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act; violations of the Computer Data Access and Fraud Act; violations of Nevada Revised Statute 205.4765; breach of contract; inducing breach of contract; intentional interference with prospective economic advantage; negligent interference with prospective economic advantage; unfair competition; trespass to chattels; unjust enrichment/restitution; unfair practices; and a demand for an accounting. Oracle’s amended complaint sought the entry of a preliminary and permanent injunction prohibiting the Company from copying, distributing, using, or creating derivative works based on Oracle Software and Support Materials except as allowed by express license from Oracle; from using any software tool to access Oracle Software and Support Materials; and from engaging in other actions alleged to infringe Oracle’s copyrights or were related to its other causes of action. The parties conducted extensive fact and expert discovery from 2010 through mid-2012.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In March and September 2012, Oracle filed two motions seeking partial summary judgment as to, among other things, its claim of infringement of certain copyrighted works owned by Oracle. In February 2014, the court issued a ruling on Oracle’s March 2012 motion for partial summary judgment (i) granting summary judgment on Oracle’s claim of copyright infringement as it related to two of the Company’s PeopleSoft clients and (ii) denying summary judgment on Oracle’s claim with respect to one of the Company’s J.D. Edwards clients and one of the Company’s Siebel clients. The parties stipulated that the licenses among clients were substantially similar. In August 2014, the court issued a ruling on Oracle’s September 2012 motion for partial summary judgment (i) granting summary judgment on Oracle’s claim of copyright infringement as it relates to Oracle Database and (ii) dismissing the Company’s first counterclaim for defamation, business disparagement and trade libel and the Company’s third counterclaim for unfair competition. In response to the February 2014 ruling, the Company revised its business practices to eliminate the processes determined to be infringing, which was completed no later than July 2014.

A jury trial in Rimini I commenced in September 2015. On October 13, 2015, the jury returned a verdict against the Company finding that (i) the Company was liable for innocent copyright infringement, (ii) the Company and Mr. Ravin were each liable for violating certain state computer access statutes, (iii) Mr. Ravin was not liable for copyright infringement, and (iv) neither the Company nor Mr. Ravin were liable for inducing breach of contract or intentional interference with prospective economic advantage. The jury determined that the copyright infringement did not cause Oracle to suffer lost profits, that the copyright infringement was not willful, and did not award punitive damages. Following post-trial motions, Oracle was awarded a final judgment of $124.4 million, consisting of copyright infringement damages based on the fair market value license damages theory, damages for violation of certain state computer access statutes, prejudgment interest and attorneys’ fees and costs. In addition, the court entered a permanent injunction prohibiting the Company from using certain processes – including processes adjudicated as infringing at trial – that the Company ceased using no later than July 2014.

The Company accounted for the $124.4 million judgment to Oracle by recording accrued legal settlement expense of (i) $100.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, (ii) $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, and (iii) pre-judgment interest of $3.0 million for the period from January l, 2016 through October 31, 2016.

Appeal of Rimini I Litigation

On October 31, 2016, the Company paid the full judgment amount of approximately $124.4 million to Oracle, and appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (“Court of Appeals”) to appeal items (i) and (ii) above, as well as the injunction, award of attorney’s fees, non-taxable costs, and interest. The Company argued on appeal that the injunction is vague and contains overly broad language that could be read to cover some of the Company’s current business practices that were not adjudicated to be infringing at trial and should not have been issued under applicable law. On December 6, 2016, the Court of Appeals granted the Company’s emergency motion for a stay of the permanent injunction pending resolution of the underlying appeal and agreed to consider the appeal on an expedited basis. The Court of Appeals heard argument on July 13, 2017.

In January 2018, the Court of Appeals reversed certain awards totaling $50.3 million made in Oracle’s favor during and after the Company’s 2015 jury trial in Rimini I and vacated and remanded others, including the injunction that had previously been stayed by the appellate court in December 2016, and all awards and judgments against Mr. Ravin. The Court of Appeals reversed awards previously paid by the Company as part of the $124.4 million judgment, consisting of an award under state computer access statutes and taxable costs and interest totaling $21.3 million, Oracle’s legal fees of $28.5 million (that was subsequently remanded back to the District Court), and post-judgment interest of $0.5 million. The Court of Appeals also vacated and remanded the injunction originally ordered by the District Court that would have required the Company to incur additional labor costs to provide support for clients as contracted. On March 21, 2018, Oracle filed a renewed motion for a permanent injunction. The motion has been fully briefed and is awaiting a decision by the District Court. Any injunction that might be ordered in the future may or may not have a similar, lesser or greater impact on the Company’s costs of support for its clients or other business impacts. In its opinion, the Court of Appeals, while affirming the findings of infringement against Rimini (which the jury had found to be "innocent" infringement) for the processes that the Company ceased using no later than July 2014, also stated that the Company "provided third-party support for Oracle's enterprise software, in lawful competition with Oracle's direct maintenance services.” 

On March 27, 2018, Oracle filed a renewed motion for attorneys’ fees and costs. Accordingly, since any recovery as a result of the District Court decision is considered a gain contingency, no amounts will be recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements until the District Court decides this matter and the cash proceeds are received.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The District Court heard argument on the renewed motions for a permanent injunction and for attorneys’ fees in Rimini I on July 23, 2018. Decisions by the District Court on both motions are expected in the third quarter of 2018, but the Company can make no assurances as to the ultimate amount of the attorneys’ fees refund, if any, or the timing of receipt.

As mandated by the Court of Appeals, on March 30, 2018 Oracle paid the Company $21.5 million for the reversal of the award under state computer access statutes and taxable costs and interest totaling $21.3 million, and post-judgment interest of $0.2 million. Due to collection of this award in cash, the Company recognized a recovery of the 2016 judgment for $21.3 million and interest income of $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. Additionally, in May 2018 Oracle deposited $28.5 million in an interest-bearing account with the District Court pending a final decision by the Court on the refund to the Company of Oracle’s legal fees. The amount, if any, ultimately released to the Company is dependent upon the decision of the District Court. If the District Court decides to return any of the deposited funds to Oracle, the Company would have the right to appeal that decision. All amounts released to the Company from the interest-bearing account will inure to the benefit of the Company, net of contractual amounts due to the insurance company that previously provided reimbursement of a portion of such legal fees. Such amounts due to the insurance company will be net of all costs associated with the remand and appeal.

Petition for Rehearing En Banc and Appeal to the United States Supreme Court

In January 2018, the Company filed a petition for rehearing en banc with the Court of Appeals regarding two other components of the final judgment awarded to Oracle. First, the Company asked the Court of Appeals to rehear the calculation of prejudgment interest, arguing that the trial court set the interest rate using a date that precedes the filing of the litigation, which resulted in an additional judgment amount of approximately $20.2 million that was paid by the Company to Oracle in October 2016. Second, the Company asked the Court of Appeals to rehear the award of non-taxable costs, arguing that this decision is in direct conflict with decisions in other federal circuit courts and decisions of the United States Supreme Court and resulted in the Company paying approximately $12.8 million that would not have been assessed in other court jurisdictions. The Court of Appeals denied the petition for rehearing en banc on March 2, 2018 and the mandate was issued on March 13, 2018.

On May 31, 2018, the Company filed a request for certiorari in the United States Supreme Court appealing the decision of the Court of Appeals on the non-taxable costs issue. Oracle filed its opposition to the Company’s petition on August 1, 2018, and the Company’s response is due by August 15, 2018. It is not possible at this time to predict whether the United States Supreme Court will grant certiorari and, if it does, whether the Company’s appeal would be successful.

Rimini II Litigation

In October 2014, the Company filed a separate lawsuit, Rimini Street Inc. v. Oracle Int‘l Corp. (United States District Court for the District of Nevada) (“Rimini II”), against Oracle seeking a declaratory judgment that the Company’s revised development processes, in use since at least July 2014, do not infringe certain Oracle copyrights. In February 2015, Oracle filed a counterclaim alleging copyright infringement, which included (i) the same allegations asserted in Rimini I but limited to new or existing clients for whom the Company provided support from the conclusion of Rimini I discovery in December 2011 until the revised support processes were fully implemented by July 2014, and (ii) new allegations that the Company’s revised support processes also infringe Oracle copyrights. Oracle’s counterclaim also included allegations of violation of the Lanham Act, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, breach of contract and inducing breach of contract, unfair competition, and unjust enrichment/restitution. It also sought an accounting. On February 28, 2016, Oracle filed amended counterclaims adding allegations of violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. On December 19, 2016, the Company filed an amended complaint against Oracle asking for a declaratory judgment of non-infringement of copyright and alleging intentional interference with contract, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, violation of the Nevada Deceptive Trade Practices Act, violation of the Lanham Act, and violation of California Business & Professions Code §17200 et seq. On January 17, 2017, Oracle filed a motion to dismiss the Company’s amended claims and filed its third amended counterclaims, adding three new claims for a declaratory judgment of no intentional interference with contractual relations, no intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, and no violation of California Business & Professions Code §17200 et seq. On February 14, 2017, the Company filed its answer and motion to dismiss Oracle’s third amended counterclaim which has been fully briefed. On March 7, 2017, Oracle filed a motion to strike the Company’s copyright misuse affirmative defense which has been fully briefed. By stipulation of the parties, the court granted the Company’s motion to file its third amended complaint to add claims arising from Oracle’s purported revocation of access by the Company to its support websites on behalf of the Company’s clients, which was filed and served on May 2, 2017. By agreement of the parties, Oracle filed its motion to dismiss the Company’s third amended complaint on May 30, 2017, and the Company’s opposition was filed on June 27, 2017, and Oracle’s reply was filed on July 11, 2017. On September 22, 2017, the Court issued an order granting in part and denying in part the Company’s motion to dismiss Oracle’s third amended counterclaim. The Court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss as to count five, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, and count eight, unjust enrichment. On October 5, 2017, Oracle filed a motion for reconsideration of the Court’s September 22, 2017 Order. The Company filed its opposition to Oracle’s motion for reconsideration on October 19, 2017. Oracle filed its reply to its motion for reconsideration on October 26, 2017. On November 7, 2017, the Court issued an order granting in part and denying in part Oracle’s motion to dismiss the Company’s third amended complaint. The Court granted Oracle’s motion to dismiss as to the Company’s third cause of action for a declaratory judgment that Oracle has engaged in copyright misuse, fifth cause of action for intentional interference with prospective economic advantage; sixth cause of action for a violation of Nevada’s Deceptive Trade Practices Act under the “bait and switch” provision of NRS § 598.0917; and seventh cause of action for violation of the Lanham Act. The Court denied Oracle’s motion as to the Company’s causes of action for intentional interference with contractual relations, violation of Nevada Deceptive Trade Practices Act, under the “false and misleading” provision of NRS § 598.0915(8) and unfair competition. On November 17, 2017 the Court denied Oracle’s motion for reconsideration of the Court’s September 22, 2017 Order. On November 22, 2017, the Company filed a motion for reconsideration of the Court’s November 7, 2017 Order. Oracle filed its opposition to the Company’s motion for reconsideration on December 6, 2017, to which the Company filed its reply on December 13, 2017. On June 5, 2018, the Court denied the Company’s motion for reconsideration of the Court’s November 7, 2017 Order.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Fact discovery with respect to the above action ended in February 2018, with some depositions completed in March 2018. In April 2018 the parties agreed to extend expert discovery from the end of July 2018 to the beginning of August 2018. In July 2018, the court granted the parties’ joint motion to extend expert discovery until September 18, 2018, and to extend the deadline for the filing of summary judgment motions from September 28, 2018 to October 12, 2018. There is currently no trial date scheduled and the Company does not expect a trial to occur in this matter earlier than 2020, but the trial could occur earlier or later than that. Given that discovery is ongoing, the Company does not have sufficient information regarding possible damages exposure for the counterclaims asserted by Oracle or possible recovery by the Company in connection with its claims against Oracle. Both parties are seeking injunctive relief in addition to monetary damages in this matter. As a result, an estimate of the range of loss cannot be determined. The Company believes that an award for damages is not probable, so no accrual has been made as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Other Litigation

From time to time, the Company may be a party to litigation and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of judgment, defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under ASC 450, Contingencies. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.

Insurance Settlement Agreement

On March 31, 2017, the Company entered into a Settlement Agreement, Release and Policy Buyback Agreement (“Settlement Agreement”) with an insurance company that previously provided coverage for the defense costs related to the Oracle litigation referred to as Rimini II. The Settlement Agreement provided for aggregate payments to the Company of $24.0 million and resulted in the termination of coverage under the insurance policies. Prior to execution of the Settlement Agreement, the insurance company reimbursed the Company an aggregate of $4.7 million of defense costs, and pursuant to the settlement executed in March 2017, agreed to make an additional payment to the Company of $19.3 million that was received in April 2017. The Settlement Agreement was initially accounted for by recognizing a deferred insurance settlement liability for $19.3 million. This deferred insurance settlement liability was reduced as legal defense costs related to Rimini II were incurred subsequent to June 30, 2017. Accordingly, the deferred insurance settlement liability was eliminated as of March 31, 2018 due to legal defense costs of $11.2 million incurred for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and $8.1 million incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Subpoena

On March 2, 2018, the Company received a federal grand jury subpoena, issued from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, requesting the Company produce certain documents relating to specified support and related operational practices. The Company is cooperating with this inquiry.

Guarantees

The Company enters into agreements with customers that contain provisions related to liquidated damages that would be triggered in the event that the Company is no longer able to provide services to these customers. The maximum cash payments related to these liquidated damages is approximately $25.1 million and $19.6 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. To date, the Company has not incurred any costs as a result of such provisions and has not accrued any liabilities related to such provisions in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 8 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Adams Street Partners LLC and its affiliates (“ASP”) owned approximately 39% of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock, and an individual that is affiliated with ASP is a member of the Company’s board of directors. ASP owned a $10.0 million indirect interest in the amended Credit Facility discussed in Note 4, and an entity affiliated with ASP acquired 19,209 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Promissory Notes and approximately 400,000 shares of Common Stock issued in the Private Placement discussed in Notes 11 and 12. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized net revenue for software support services provided to two ASP investees of $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized net revenue for software support services provided to two ASP investees of $1.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

NOTE 9 —NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same since all Common Stock equivalents were anti-dilutive. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, the following potential Common Stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the respective periods ending on these dates since the impact of inclusion was anti-dilutive (in thousands): 

NOTE 10 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND SIGNIFICANT CONCENTRATIONS

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Additional information on fair value measurements is included in Note 13 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in the 2017 Form 10-K.

The Company does not have any assets that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company’s redeemable warrant liability and embedded derivative liability are the only liabilities that have been carried at fair value on a recurring basis and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Details of the embedded derivative and the redeemable warrant liabilities, including valuation methodology and key assumptions and estimates used, are disclosed in Notes 4 and 5, respectively. As discussed in Note 5, the redemption feature for the redeemable warrant liability was eliminated on October 10, 2017, whereby the warrant is not carried at fair value after that date. The Company’s policy is to recognize asset or liability transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 as of the actual date of the events or change in circumstances that caused the transfer. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no transfers of its assets or liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair values due to their short-term maturities. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms, the carrying value of capital lease obligations approximate fair value as of the respective balance sheet dates. Due to the complex and unique terms of the Credit Facility and the related party note payable to GP Sponsor, it is not reasonably practicable to determine the current fair value for those financial instruments.

Significant Concentrations

The Company attributes revenues to geographic regions based on the location of its customers’ contracting entity. The following table shows net revenues by geographic region (in thousands):

No customers represented more than 10% of net revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. As of June 30, 2018, one customer accounted for approximately 13% of total net accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2017, no single customer represented 10% or more of total net accounts receivable.

Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at high-quality financial institutions, primarily in the United States of America. Deposits, including those held in foreign branches of global banks, may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash with a single financial institution for an aggregate of $25.6 million and $31.0 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company also had restricted cash with another financial institution of $2.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The Company has never experienced any losses related to these balances.

Generally, credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is diversified due to the number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base and their dispersion across different geographies and industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations on certain customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable. The Company maintains reserves for potential bad debts and historically such losses are generally not significant.

NOTE 11 — PRIVATE PLACEMENT

On June 18, 2018, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with several accredited investors (the “Purchasers”) for a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of (i) shares of 13.00% Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), (ii) shares of Common Stock, and (iii) convertible secured promissory notes (the “Promissory Notes”), with no principal amount outstanding at issuance that solely collateralize amounts, if any, that may become payable by the Company pursuant to certain redemption provisions of the Series A Preferred Stock. As discussed in Note 12, closing of the Private Placement occurred on July 19, 2018.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Securities Purchase Agreement

Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, and subject to the conditions for completion of the Private Placement, the Purchasers agreed to acquire an aggregate of 140,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 2,896,556 shares of Common Stock and Promissory Notes with no principal amount outstanding as of the issuance date, for an aggregate purchase price equal to $133.0 million in cash (after taking into account a discount of $7.0 million to the initial liquidation preference of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock but before transaction costs associated with the Private Placement).

As discussed in Note 12, the Company used the net proceeds from the Private Placement to repay all outstanding indebtedness and various fees and expenses under the Credit Facility discussed in Note 4, and to pay certain fees and expenses of the Purchasers and the Company in connection with the Private Placement.

Amendment to Related Party Note Payable

In June 2018, the Company entered into an amendment to the related party note payable with GP Sponsor. As discussed in Note 4, this obligation was due when the outstanding principal balance under the Credit Facility was less than $95.0 million. Contingent upon the Closing (as defined below) of the Private Placement, the parties agreed to change the maturity date to January 4, 2019.

Private Placement Transaction

In connection with the completion of the Private Placement, the Company was required to, among other customary closing actions, (i) file a Certificate of Designations with the State of Delaware setting forth the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications, restrictions and limitations on the Series A Preferred Stock (the “CoD”), (ii) enter into a Registration Rights Agreement with the Purchasers setting forth certain registration rights of the Purchasers (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), (iii) deliver a Promissory Note to each Purchaser, and (iv) enter into a Security Agreement (the “Security Agreement”) in respect of the Company’s assets collateralizing the amounts that may become payable pursuant to the Promissory Notes if certain redemption provisions of the Series A Preferred Stock are triggered in the future. The completion of the Private Placement was subject to approval of the Company’s stockholders at a special meeting held on July 12, 2018, and the satisfaction or waiver of certain other closing conditions as set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement. As discussed in Note 12, the closing of the Private Placement occurred on July 19, 2018 (the “Closing”).

NOTE 12 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On July 12, 2018, a majority of the Company’s stockholders voted to approve the issuance of securities in connection with the Private Placement. On or before July 19, 2018, the Company and the Purchasers completed the Private Placement, in which the Company (i) issued to the Purchasers an aggregate of 140,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 2,896,556 shares of Common Stock in exchange for an aggregate of $133.0 million in gross cash proceeds from the Purchasers; (ii) filed the CoD; (iii) executed the Registration Rights Agreement; (iv) delivered a Promissory Note to each Purchaser with no principal amount outstanding and executed the Security Agreement. Key provisions of the CoD, Promissory Notes and Registration Rights Agreement are discussed below. In addition, the Company utilized approximately $2.7 million of its cash for unpaid transaction costs due at the Closing.

Certificate of Designations of the Series A Preferred Stock

The CoD authorizes the issuance of up to 180,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock. The holders of Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to (i) a cash dividend of 10.0% per annum (the “Cash Dividend”), payable quarterly in arrears, and (ii) a payment-in-kind dividend of 3.0% per annum (the “PIK Dividend” and together with the Cash Dividend, the “Dividends”). The PIK dividend is accrued quarterly in arrears for the first five years following the Closing and thereafter all Dividends accruing on such Series A Preferred Stock will be payable in cash at a rate of 13.0% per annum. The Company intends to classify the Series A Preferred Stock in mezzanine equity in its consolidated balance sheets after the date of issuance.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to vote with the Common Stock on an as-converted basis. In addition, the holders of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock are required to approve certain actions affecting the rights of the Series A Preferred Stock. The approval of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock are required to approve any of the following: (i) the declaration or payment of any principal, dividend or distribution on securities junior in rights to the Series A Preferred Stock (“Junior Securities”) or pari passu in rights to the Series A Preferred Stock or the purchase, redemption or other acquisition by the Company of Junior Securities or pari passu securities if at the time of such declaration, payment, dividend or distribution, the Dividends for the Series A Preferred Stock have not been satisfied or paid in full; (ii) any amendment or repeal of the Company’s certificate of incorporation or the CoD adversely affecting the rights, preferences or privileges of the Series A Preferred Stock. The approval of all holders of outstanding Series A Preferred Stock are required for (i) the authorization or creation of, issuance of, or reclassification into, any stock that ranks pari passu with or senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends and liquidation preference and (ii) amendment of the CoD provisions regarding Dividends, liquidation rights, redemption rights, conversion rights, voting rights and reorganization events.

The liquidation value of the Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion rate of $10.00 per share for a total of 14.0 million shares of Common Stock at inception. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at the holder’s option into one share of Common Stock at a conversion price equal to the quotient of (i) the Liquidation Preference (as defined below), and (ii) $10.00 (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of a stock split, stock dividend, combination or other similar recapitalization) (the “Per Share Amount”). The Company has the right to convert outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock for the Per Share Amount after the three-year anniversary of the Closing if the Company’s volume weighted average stock price for at least 30 trading days of the 45 consecutive trading days immediately preceding such conversion is greater than $11.50 per share. The Company can exercise this right to convert twice per calendar year for a maximum number of shares of Common Stock that has publicly traded over the 60 consecutive trading days prior to the conversion date (less any shares of Common Stock that have been issued pursuant to any such conversion during such 60-day period).

The Series A Preferred Stock will become mandatorily redeemable, upon the election by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding Preferred Stock, on or after the five-year anniversary of the Closing. Any and all of the then outstanding liquidation value of the Series A Preferred Stock plus any capitalized PIK Dividends and any unpaid accrued Cash Dividends not previously included in the Liquidation Preference (the “Redemption Amount”) is required to be repaid in full in cash on such redemption date or satisfied in the form of obligations under the Promissory Notes, as further described below. Additionally, the Company may convert shares of Series A Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock in lieu of cash payable upon redemption in certain circumstances.

The Series A Preferred Stock will also become mandatorily redeemable by the holders at any time upon the reasonable determination of the holders of a majority of the Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding of the occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect or the occurrence of a Material Litigation Effect (as such terms are defined in the CoD), with the Redemption Amounts payable automatically becoming payment obligations pursuant to the Promissory Notes with a concurrent cancellation of the shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, unless under certain circumstances, the Company redeems the Series A Preferred Stock for cash at such time.

Prior to the three-year anniversary of the Closing, the Company will have the right to redeem up to $80.0 million of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock for cash amounts equal to the Redemption Amount which would include a make-whole premium that provides the holders thereof with full yield maintenance as if the Series A Preferred Stock was held until the three-year anniversary of the Closing, provided that such redemptions are subject to certain conditions and limitations. After the three-year anniversary of the Closing, the Company will have the right to redeem shares of Series A Preferred Stock for a cash per share amount equal to the Redemption Amount.

The holders of Series A Preferred Stock may exercise their conversion rights prior to any optional redemption. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to a liquidation preference in the amount of the greater of (i) $1,000 plus accrued but unpaid Dividends (the “Liquidation Preference”), and (ii) the per share amount of all cash, securities and other property to be distributed in respect of the common stock such holder would have been entitled to receive for its Series A Preferred Stock on an as-converted basis. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company prior to the three-year anniversary of Closing, the holders are entitled to a make-whole premium that provides the holders thereof with full yield maintenance as if the shares of Series A Preferred Stock were held until the three-year anniversary of the Closing.

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Until approximately 95% of the Series A Preferred Stock or Promissory Notes are no longer outstanding, the Company is restricted from incurring Indebtedness (as defined in the Stock Purchase Agreement), subject to certain exceptions.

Security Agreement and Promissory Notes

At the Closing, the Company entered into the Security Agreement in respect of the Company’s assets collateralizing the amounts that may become payable pursuant to the Promissory Notes. The Company delivered a Promissory Note to each holder of Series A Preferred Stock to collateralize amounts, if any, that may become payable by the Company pursuant to certain redemption provisions of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock. No principal amount or interest will be outstanding under the Promissory Notes unless and until there is a redemption event as described in the section above on the CoD. Prior to such time, the Promissory Notes may not be transferred by the Purchasers other than an automatic assignment in whole or in part in connection with a transfer by the Purchasers of the shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement. The Promissory Notes will bear interest at the rate of 13.0% per annum (10.0% per annum in cash and 3.0% per annum payment-in-kind until the five-year anniversary of the Closing). The Promissory Notes mature five years after the date of Closing or upon a Reorganization Event (as defined in the CoD) and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries. After a redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock which causes there to be outstanding obligations under the Promissory Notes, the Promissory Notes are convertible at the option of the holder (but not the Company) on the same terms as the Series A Preferred Stock.

The Company may prepay for cash up to $80.0 million of the Promissory Notes on a pro rata basis prior to the three-year anniversary of the Closing with full yield maintenance as if the Promissory Notes were held until the three-year anniversary of the Closing, provided that such redemptions are subject to certain conditions and limitations. The Company may prepay the Promissory Notes without penalty at any time on a pro rata basis after the three-year anniversary. All prepayments are subject to the right of the holder of each Promissory Note to convert the prepayment amount into shares of Common Stock. The Promissory Notes also contain customary restrictions on the ability of the Company to, among other things, make certain restricted payments with respect to its capital stock, subordinated indebtedness and unsecured indebtedness, consummate certain mergers, consolidations or dissolutions and make certain dispositions, subject to specific exclusions.

Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default (as defined in the Promissory Notes), the holders of such Promissory Notes will have the right to accelerate all obligations of the Company thereunder (or in some instances, such obligations shall be accelerated with no action required on the part of the holders), and such obligations will become immediately due and payable. In addition, if such acceleration occurs prior to the three-year anniversary of the Closing, the holders will also have the right to receive a make-whole premium thereunder.

Registration Rights Agreement

The Registration Rights Agreement requires the Company to register the resale of the shares of Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement within 120 days following the Closing. The Registration Rights Agreement also includes customary “piggyback” registration rights, suspension rights, indemnification, contribution, and assignment provisions.

Termination of Credit Facility

In connection with the closing of the Private Placement on July 19, 2018, the Company used substantially all of the $133.0 million of gross cash proceeds to repay all outstanding indebtedness and fees under the Credit Facility discussed in Note 4 and the Credit Facility was terminated. Certain investors in the Credit Facility, including ASP as discussed in Note 8, purchased an aggregate of approximately 42,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and 0.9 million shares of Common Stock in the Private Placement. Upon termination of the Credit Facility, the restrictions related to the cash control account were eliminated and the related funds will be classified as cash and cash equivalents in the future. The aggregate cash payment to terminate the Credit Facility was $132.8 million and consisted of the following (in thousands):

RIMINI STREET, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As a result of the early termination of the Credit Facility, the Company expects to incur a non-cash charge ranging from $47.0 million to $48.0 million for the write-off of debt discount and issuance costs related to the Funded and Unfunded Debt in the third quarter of 2018. The Company will also incur a charge for make whole applicable premium of $7.3 million and expects to recognize a gain for the elimination of the embedded derivative liability related to the Credit Facility of $7.8 million for the third quarter of 2018.

Transaction Costs

In connection with the Private Placement, the Company incurred total transaction costs of approximately $4.7 million, including costs incurred on behalf of the Purchasers. Of this amount, approximately $2.8 million was incurred through June 30, 2018 and is included in deferred offering costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. After deduction of total transaction costs of $4.7 million, the net proceeds from the Private Placement were $128.3 million. The Company expects to account for issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock and the Common Stock using the relative fair value method with the resulting discount attributable to the Series A Preferred Stock accreted for purposes of future calculations of earnings per share.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CAUTIONARY NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) includes forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, information concerning:

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those referred to Part II, Item 1A of this Report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing market. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements in this Report are made as of the date of the filing, and except as required by law, we disclaim and do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements in this Report. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed with the SEC as exhibits with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity and performance, as well as other events and circumstances, may be materially different from what we expect.

Overview

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to those statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, and the Company's audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, included in our 2017 Form 10-K. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Report.

Certain figures, such as interest rates and other percentages included in this section have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this section have not in all cases been calculated based on such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this section may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements or in the associated text. Certain other amounts that appear in this section may similarly not sum due to rounding.

We are a global provider of enterprise software support products and services, and the leading independent software support provider for Oracle and SAP products, based on both the number of active clients supported and recognition by industry analyst firms. Recently, we announced plans to support Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions beginning with Salesforce. As a partner of Salesforce, we plan to provide our award-winning service and support for custom code, release updates and application integrations in addition to ongoing administrative, configuration and enhancement of Salesforce’s industry leading cloud solutions.

We founded our company to disrupt and redefine the enterprise software support market by developing and delivering innovative new products and services that fill a then unmet need in the market. We believe we have achieved our leadership position in independent enterprise software support by recruiting and hiring experienced, skilled and proven staff; delivering outcomes-based, value-driven and award-winning enterprise software support products and services; seeking to provide an exceptional client-service, satisfaction and success experience; and continuously innovating our unique products and services by leveraging our proprietary knowledge, tools, technology and processes.

Enterprise software support products and services is one of the largest categories of overall global information technology (“IT”) spending. We believe core enterprise resource planning (“ERP”), customer relationship management (“CRM”), product lifecycle management (“PLM”) and technology software platforms have become increasingly important in the operation of mission-critical business processes over the last 30 years, and also that the costs associated with failure, downtime, security exposure and maintaining the tax, legal and regulatory compliance of these core software systems have also increased. As a result, we believe that licensees often view software support as a mandatory cost of doing business, resulting in recurring and highly profitable revenue streams for enterprise software vendors. For example, for fiscal year 2017, SAP reported that support revenue represented approximately 46% of its total revenue, and for fiscal year 2018 Oracle reported a margin for cloud services and license support of 86%.

We believe that software vendor support is an increasingly costly model that has not evolved to offer licensees the responsiveness, quality, breadth of capabilities or value needed to meet the needs of licensees. Organizations are under increasing pressure to reduce their IT costs while also delivering improved business performance through the adoption and integration of emerging technologies, such as mobile, virtualization, internet of things (“IoT”) and cloud computing. Today, however, the majority of IT budget is spent operating and maintaining existing infrastructure and systems. As a result, we believe organizations are increasingly seeking ways to redirect budgets from maintenance to new technology investments that provide greater strategic value, and our software products and services help clients achieve these objectives by reducing the total cost of support.

As of June 30, 2018, we employed approximately 1,075 professionals and supported over 1,620 active clients globally, including 78 Fortune 500 companies and 17 Fortune Global 100 companies across a broad range of industries. We define an active client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution, or a business unit of a company that purchases our services to support a specific product. For example, we count as two separate active client instances in circumstances where we provide support for two different products to the same entity.

We have experienced 50 consecutive quarters of revenue growth through June 30, 2018. In addition, our subscription-based revenue provides a strong foundation for, and visibility into, future period results. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we generated net revenue of $62.6 million and $52.0 million, respectively, representing a quarter-over-quarter increase of 20%. We have a history of losses, and as of June 30, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $326.3 million. Approximately 63% and 69% of our net revenue was generated in the United States for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Approximately 37% and 31% of our net revenue was generated in foreign jurisdictions for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Since our inception, we have financed our operations through cash collected from clients and net proceeds from equity financings and borrowings. As of June 30, 2018, we had outstanding contractual debt obligations under our Credit Facility and a note payable to related party in the aggregate amount of $122.3 million and the net carrying value of those debt obligations was $76.0 million. In addition, we have outstanding liabilities of $6.25 million for fees related to the Credit Facility that were incurred in connection with amendments to the Credit Facility in 2017. As discussed in Notes 11 and 12 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, we terminated the Credit Facility on July 19, 2018.

We intend to continue investing for long-term growth. We have invested and expect to continue investing in expanding our ability to market, sell and provide our current and future products and services to clients globally. We also expect to continue investing in the development and improvement of new and existing products and services to address client needs. We currently do not expect to be profitable for the year ending December 31, 2018.

Recent Developments

Reference is made to Notes 11 and 12 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for a discussion of recent developments related to the securities purchase agreement entered into on June 18, 2018, the related private placement of Series A Preferred Stock, Common Stock and Promissory Notes with no principal amount outstanding as of the issuance date, the termination of our Credit Facility, and the effectiveness of the amendment of our $3.0 million related party note which is now due on January 4, 2019. Additionally, reference is made to Note 7 for recent developments related to the receipt of a $21.5 million award in March 2018 from the appeal of Rimini I litigation and payments required under the Credit Facility for principal and make-whole applicable premium in April 2018.

Key Business Metrics

Number of clients

Since we founded our company, we have made the expansion of our client base a priority. We believe that our ability to expand our client base is an indicator of the growth of our business, the success of our sales and marketing activities, and the value that our services bring to our clients. We define an active client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution, or a business unit of a company that purchases our services to support a specific product. For example, we count as two separate active clients when support for two different products is being provided to the same entity. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, we had over 1,620 and 1,330 active clients, respectively.

We define a unique client as a distinct entity, such as a company, an educational or government institution or a subsidiary, division or business unit of a company that purchases one or more of our products or services. We count as two separate unique clients when two separate subsidiaries, divisions or business units of an entity purchase our products or services. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, we had over 955 and 830 unique clients, respectively.

The increase in both our active and unique client counts have been almost exclusively from new unique clients and not from sales of new products and services to existing unique clients. However, as noted previously, we intend to focus future growth on both new and existing clients. We believe that the growth in our number of clients is an indication of the increased adoption of our enterprise software products and services.

Annualized subscription revenue

We recognize subscription revenue on a daily basis. We define annualized subscription revenue as the amount of subscription revenue recognized during a quarter and multiplied by four. This gives us an indication of the revenue that can be earned in the following 12-month period from our existing client base assuming no cancellations or price changes occur during that period. Subscription revenue excludes any non-recurring revenue, which has been insignificant to date. 

Our annualized subscription revenue was approximately $246 million and $208 million as of June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We believe the sequential increase in annualized subscription revenue demonstrates a growing client base, which is an indicator of stability in future subscription revenue.

Revenue retention rate

A key part of our business model is the recurring nature of our revenue. As a result, it is important that we retain clients after the completion of the non-cancellable portion of the support period. We believe that our revenue retention rate provides insight into the quality of our products and services and the value that our products and services provide our clients.

We define revenue retention rate as the actual subscription revenue (dollar-based) recognized in a 12-month period from clients that existed on the day prior to the start of the 12-month period divided by our annualized subscription revenue as of the day prior to the start of the 12-month period. Our revenue retention rate was 93% and 94% for the 12 months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Gross profit percentage

We derive revenue through the provision of our enterprise software products and services. All the costs incurred in providing these products and services are recognized as part of the cost of revenue. The cost of revenue includes all direct product line expenses, as well as the expenses incurred by our shared services organization which supports all product lines.

We define gross profit as the difference between net revenue and the costs incurred in providing the software products and services. Gross profit percentage is the ratio of gross profit divided by net revenue. Our gross profit percentage was approximately 58% and 62% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We believe the gross profit percentage provides an indication of how efficiently and effectively we are operating our business and serving our clients.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Presented below is a summary of our operating results for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

The following table presents net revenue, key components of cost of revenue, and gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands): 

Net revenue. Net revenue increased from $52.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $62.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $10.6 million or 20%. The vast majority of this increase was driven by a 15% increase in the average number of unique clients, as opposed to existing unique clients subscribing to additional services. The average number of active clients also increased from approximately 1,310 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to approximately 1,600 for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 22%. On a regional basis, United States net revenue grew from $35.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $39.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $3.5 million or 10%. We continue to invest in expansion of our business outside the United States which resulted in an increase in international net revenue from $16.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $23.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $7.1 million or 44%.

Our Credit Facility included covenants that restricted our spending on sales and marketing activity that resulted in sequential reductions in new business activity during 2017. These covenants became less restrictive beginning in October 2017 when the Credit Facility was amended and were eliminated beginning in the third quarter of 2018 as a result of the termination of the Credit Facility. The October 2017 amendment allowed us to increase our sales and marketing spending in the fourth quarter of 2017 and the first six months of 2018, and we expect further quarter-over-quarter increases for the remainder of 2018 compared to the same periods in 2017. However, even though we are currently increasing our sales and marketing spending, it can take several quarters before these efforts are expected to translate into net revenue. In addition, beginning in the second quarter of 2017 some potential sales transactions were adversely affected by certain competitive actions. As a result, our 2018 versus 2017 quarter-over-quarter growth in net revenue decreased from approximately 37% for the second quarter of 2017 to 20% for the second quarter of 2018. Due to our subscription revenue model, the impact of these matters that resulted in net revenue growth of 20% for the second quarter of 2018 versus the comparable period in 2017 is expected to result in similar or potentially relatively lower revenue growth rates at least through the first half of 2019, or longer if our investment in sales and marketing does not result in increased sales activity.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue increased from $19.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $26.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $6.6 million or 34%. The key driver of the increase in cost of revenue was an increase of 62 average number of employees, which resulted in an increase in employee compensation and benefits costs of $3.0 million to support the growth in net revenue. In addition to hiring employees, we relied on the increased use of engineering consultants that resulted in an increase in engineering consulting costs of $0.9 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, administrative allocations increased by $0.4 million as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase in administrative allocations resulted from faster growth in the number of employees classified in cost of revenue functions. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, all other costs increased by $2.3 million as compared to the same period in 2017. This increase in all other costs was primarily attributable to costs of $2.1 million in the second quarter of 2018 for our global service delivery (“GSD”) conference and related travel costs for our support delivery staff to provide training on new products and processes. This conference was not held in 2017 and is typically held at intervals of every two to three years.

The $3.0 million increase in cost of revenue attributable to employee compensation and benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily due to (a) an increase in salaries, wages and benefit costs of $2.2 million due to a 13% increase in the average number of employees devoted to cost of revenue functions, annual pay increases, and increased bonus payouts, (b) an increase of $0.6 million due to adoption of a sabbatical benefit plan in May 2018, and (c) an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million. Our recently adopted sabbatical benefit plan provides full time employees that achieve 10 years of service with a one-month paid sabbatical leave, and the grant of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) with a fair value on the date of grant of $10,000 (the RSUs then vest over the subsequent 12-month period).

As discussed in Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report, in March 2018 Oracle re-filed with the District Court to obtain an injunction that would prohibit us from using certain processes that could require us to incur additional labor costs to provide support for our clients as contracted. A decision on the injunction is expected by the District Court in the third quarter of 2018, but it could be earlier or later. The impact on our future costs, if any, will depend on the District Court’s decision.

Gross Profit. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, total cost of revenue increased by 34%, compared to the increase in net revenue of 20%. Since our costs grew faster than our net revenue, gross profit in dollar terms increased by only 12% for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. As a result, our gross profit percentage decreased from 62.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to 58.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in gross profit percentage was primarily due to aggregate costs of $2.7 million associated with our GSD conference and the costs associated with the adoption of our new sabbatical benefit plan for the three months ended June 30, 2018. We currently expect gross profit percentage to increase slightly from this level in the second half of 2018, even as we continue to invest in new products and geographic reach.

Sales and marketing expenses. As a percentage of our net revenue, sales and marketing expenses have increased from 30% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to 37% for the three months ended June 30, 2018. In dollar terms, sales and marketing expenses increased from $15.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $23.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $7.3 million or 46%. This increase was primarily due to (i) an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $4.4 million, (ii) an increase in travel and business meeting costs of $1.1 million primarily for our sales and marketing staff to attend our GSD conference and other sales conferences for the three months ended June 30, 2018, whereas we did not hold as many of these events in 2017, (iii) an increase in spending on trade shows and other marketing activities of $0.9 million, (iv) an increase in shared service allocations for facilities, security and technology of $0.3 million, and (v) an increase in computer software costs and professional fees of $0.2 million. Our overall increased spending was driven by a less stringent sales and marketing spending ratio covenant due to the sixth amendment to the Credit Facility that was effective in October 2017. We currently expect sales and marketing expense to range between 36% and 39% of net revenue for the second half of 2018.

The $4.5 million increase in sales and marketing expense attributable to employee compensation and benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily due to an increase in (a) salaries, wages and benefit costs of $2.6 million due to a 24% increase in the average number of employees devoted to sales and marketing functions, annual pay increases, and higher bonus payouts, (b) commissions of $1.3 million due to new customer wins in excess of the prior year, (c) stock-based compensation expense of $0.3 million, and (d) costs of $0.3 million due to adoption of a sabbatical benefit plan in May 2018.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased from $8.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $10.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $1.4 million or 16%. This increase was primarily due to higher costs after we became a public company in October 2017, including increases in (i) employee compensation and benefit costs of $2.0 million, (ii) travel and related costs of $0.4 million to attend conferences and meetings, (iii) Delaware franchise and other business taxes of $0.2 million, and (iv) insurance costs of $0.2 million primarily due to higher premiums for officer and director insurance premiums based on our status as a public company. These increases which total $2.8 million were partially offset by a reduction in sales tax expense of $0.9 million since our clients now reimburse this cost, and a reduction in audit, consulting and accounting fees of $0.4 million primarily due to higher audit fees for the three months ended June 30, 2017 since RSI’S 2016 audit was not completed until June 30, 2017.

The $2.0 million increase in general and administrative expenses attributable to employee compensation and benefits for the three months ended June 30, 2018, was primarily due to increases in (a) salaries, wages and benefit costs of $1.5 million due to a 21% increase in the average number of employees devoted to general and administrative functions, annual pay increases, and higher bonus payouts, (b) an increase of $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense, and (d) an increase of $0.2 million due to adoption of a sabbatical benefit plan in May 2018.

Looking forward on a quarter-over-quarter basis, we expect to continue to incur higher expenses associated with supporting the growth of our business, both in terms of size and geographical diversity, and to meet the increased compliance requirements associated with our transition to become a public company. Public company costs that are expected to increase in the future include additional information systems costs, costs for additional personnel in our accounting, human resources, IT and legal functions, SEC and Nasdaq fees, and incremental professional, legal, audit and insurance costs. As a result, we expect our general and administrative expenses will continue to increase in future periods.

Litigation costs, net of related insurance recoveries. Litigation costs, net of related insurance recoveries for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, consist of the following (in thousands):

Professional fees and other defense costs associated with litigation increased from $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $9.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $5.6 million. This increase was primarily due to higher costs associated with discovery work on the Rimini II litigation, the Rimini I appeal, and the USAO inquiry during the three months ended June 30, 2018. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred professional fees related to ongoing litigation with Oracle that we refer to as “Rimini II” of $7.4 million and our appeal of the Rimini I judgment of $0.5 million, and the USAO inquiry of $1.2 million. Over a six-year period through October 2016, we were actively engaged in the Rimini I litigation, for which we paid a judgment of $124.4 million in October 2016. Of this amount, we received a court mandated refund of $21.3 million in March 2018, in May 2018 Oracle deposited $28.5 million in an interest-bearing account with the District Court pending a final decision by the Court on the refund to the Company of Oracle’s legal fees, and in May 2018 we appealed to the United States Supreme Court approximately $12.8 million of the lower court’s award of non-taxable costs related to the judgment. We currently expect to continue to incur legal expenses related to our ongoing appeal of the Rimini I outcome at least through 2018 and possibly later, while the Rimini II litigation costs are expected to continue through 2020 or 2021, and depending on appeals, if any, may be longer. Such litigation costs are not linear and can fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter, but generally expected to range between $2.0 million and $5.0 million per quarter at least through the Rimini II trial date. However, due to the timing of expert discovery work in Rimini II and the ongoing remand and appeal costs for Rimini I, litigation costs may exceed $9.0 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2018.

We had certain insurance policies in effect related to our litigation activities whereby we were entitled to recover a portion of the legal fees that were incurred to defend against the litigation. In March 2017, we entered into a settlement agreement with an insurance company that had been providing defense cost coverage related to Rimini II. Pursuant to the settlement, we received a one-time payment of $19.3 million in April 2017. As of March 31, 2017, the $19.3 million settlement proceeds were accounted for as a receivable from the insurance company with a corresponding deferred liability. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, we incurred $3.1 million of legal fees expense related to Rimini II that also resulted in a reduction in the deferred settlement liability and offsetting increases in insurance recoveries in our consolidated statements of operations. For the period July 1, 2017 through March 31, 2018, we incurred an additional $16.2 million of legal fees related to Rimini II, which eliminated the deferred settlement liability. Accordingly, the Company did not recognize any insurance recoveries for the three months ended June 30, 2018. As a result of the March 2017 insurance settlement agreement, we expect limited, if any, future cash recoveries from insurance policies associated with our litigation activities.

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased from $14.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $9.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, a decrease of $5.2 million or 36%. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a $4.6 million reduction in make-whole applicable premium. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, we incurred make-whole applicable premium of $4.6 million related to collection of the insurance settlement discussed above, whereas we did not incur make-whole applicable premium for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Interest expense also decreased due to a net reduction in accretion expense related to the Credit Facility and the GP Sponsor loan of $1.2 million, which was primarily due to the write off of DDIC related to principal prepayments under the Credit Facility since the third quarter of 2017. These decreases which total $5.8 million were partially offset by an increase in cash and PIK interest expense of $0.6 million due to an increase in our weighted average borrowings from $86.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $103.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in our weighted average borrowings was primarily due to the transfer of $50.0 million of mandatory trigger event exit fees to interest-bearing obligations pursuant to the sixth amendment to the Credit Facility in October 2017, partially offset by principal payments since the third quarter of 2017.

Our effective interest rate for accretion of DDIC related to the Credit Facility increased from 26.3% as of December 31, 2017 to 28.4% as of June 30, 2018. The increase in our effective interest rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily driven by additional DDIC related to mandatory trigger event exit fees incurred for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The overall effective interest rate, including interest at the stated rate of 15.0% and accretion of DDIC, was 41.3% as of December 31, 2017 and 43.4% as of June 30, 2018.

Other debt financing expenses. Other debt financing expenses decreased from $10.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, a decrease of $9.6 million. This significant decrease in other debt financing expenses primarily resulted from the write off of DDIC for $9.7 million related to the principal prepayment that was triggered by collection of the insurance settlement proceeds in April 2017, as discussed above. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, we did not have any write offs of DDIC related to the Credit Facility. The decrease in other debt financing expenses was partially offset by an increase of $0.1 million for collateral monitoring fees that resulted from the increase in our weighted average borrowings as discussed above.

Loss on change in fair value of redeemable warrants. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 the fair value of the redeemable warrants held by the Origination Agent increased by $7.6 million which resulted in a corresponding loss on change in fair value of redeemable warrants. Due to the elimination of the cash redemption feature on October 10, 2017 in connection with the reverse recapitalization, the redeemable warrant liability was reclassified to additional paid-in capital, and changes in fair value after October 10, 2017 are no longer reported in our consolidated statements of operations.

Loss on change in fair value of embedded derivatives. The requirements to pay “make-whole” applicable premium charges for certain principal prepayments as defined in the Credit Facility and default interest at 2.0% during the existence of an event of default, are examples of embedded derivatives required to be bifurcated and reported at fair value. Make-whole applicable premium payments for certain principal prepayments are computed as set forth in the Credit Facility, primarily based on the 15.0% per annum stated rate from the prepayment date until June 2019. Increases in the fair value of embedded derivatives result in losses that are recognized when the likelihood increases that a future cash payment will be required to settle an embedded derivative, whereas gains are recognized when the fair value decreases. Decreases in fair value occur when we become contractually obligated to pay an embedded derivative (whereby the embedded derivative liability is transferred to a contractual liability), or as the likelihood of a future cash settlement decreases.

The loss on change in fair value of embedded derivatives increased from $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 to $6.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, an increase of $6.0 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, the loss of $6.7 million was primarily due to our assessment that there was a 95% likelihood that we would complete a private placement of common stock and Series A Preferred Stock and incur make-whole applicable premium upon termination of the Credit Facility, partially offset by a reduced likelihood that default interest would be incurred. As discussed further in Note 12 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1, Part I hereof, the closing of this private placement occurred on July 19, 2018, and triggered a make-whole applicable premium payment of $7.3 million that will be recognized as an expense for the third quarter of 2018. Upon recognition of this expense and termination of the Credit Facility, the liability for embedded derivatives of $7.8 million as of June 30, 2018 will be eliminated with a corresponding gain on change in fair value of embedded derivatives recognized in the third quarter of 2018.

For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the increase in fair value of embedded derivatives resulted in the recognition of a loss of $0.7 million. This loss was driven by an amendment to the Credit Facility in the second quarter of 2017 that created new embedded derivatives for equity raise delay fees.

Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense) is primarily comprised of interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses, and other non-operating income and expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, net other expense of $1.6 million was comprised of foreign exchange losses of $0.7 million, write-off of deferred financing costs of $0.7 million related to an unsuccessful debt financing, and other nonoperating expenses of $0.2 million. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, foreign exchange gains and losses were insignificant and substantially all net other income was attributable to interest income of $0.2 million.

Income tax benefit (expense). We had an income tax benefit of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to income tax expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018. Substantially all of our income tax benefit (expense) is attributable to our foreign operations. The income tax benefit of $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was comprised of foreign income tax expense of $0.4 million offset by recognition of Brazilian tax reimbursement credits of $0.6 million.  For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, no income tax expense was recognized in the United States due to utilization of net operating loss carryforwards.

As a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”), the U.S. federal corporate tax rate decreased from a top marginal rate of 35% that was effective through December 31, 2017 to a flat rate of 21% effective January 1, 2018. Accordingly, a provisional decrease of $31.8 million in our domestic deferred tax assets was recognized as of December 31, 2017, and this amount was fully offset by a decrease in our valuation allowance. As a result, we did not record any net domestic deferred income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017. While we believe we made a reasonable estimate of the impact of the reduction in the corporate rate and other provisions of the Tax Act, our estimates may be affected by other analyses related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, any deferred adjustments related to the filing of our 2017 federal and state tax returns and our calculation of the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. Through June 30, 2018 we have not made any changes to our provisional estimates established as of December 31, 2017. However, we are continuing to evaluate the impact of the Tax Act and may make adjustments to the provisional estimates during the remainder of 2018. See Note 6 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for further discussion of the Tax Act.

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Presented below is a summary of our operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):