Ryerson Holding Corp - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number 001-34735

RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE

26-1251524

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

227 W. Monroe St., 27^th Floor

Chicago, Illinois 60606

(Address of principal executive offices)

(312) 292-5000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒	Emerging growth company	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Yes ☐ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of November 3, 2017, there were 37,208,581 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

INDEX

			PAGE NO.
Part I. Financial Information:

	Item 1.	Financial Statements:

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)—Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	3

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)—Nine Months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets—September 30, 2017 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2016	5

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	6

	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21

	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31

	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31

Part II. Other Information:

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32

	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32

	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	33

	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	33

	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	33

	Item 5.	Other Information	33

	Item 6.	Exhibits	33

Signature			34

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(In millions, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net sales	$	864.2		$	735.1		$	2,554.1		$	2,177.5
Cost of materials sold		719.2			589.7			2,108.1			1,721.5
Gross profit		145.0			145.4			446.0			456.0
Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative		119.2			109.1			353.2			331.5
Restructuring and other charges		—			2.5			—			2.5
Operating profit		25.8			33.8			92.8			122.0
Other income and (expense), net		(1.4	)		(0.2	)		(2.0	)		(13.2	)
Interest and other expense on debt		(23.2	)		(23.6	)		(67.8	)		(67.5	)
Income before income taxes		1.2			10.0			23.0			41.3
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(0.7	)		1.6			5.3			14.0
Net income		1.9			8.4			17.7			27.3
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.2			0.2			0.6			—
Net income attributable to Ryerson Holding Corporation	$	1.7		$	8.2		$	17.1		$	27.3
Comprehensive income	$	7.8		$	6.9		$	33.4		$	34.7
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.2			0.1			0.9			—
Comprehensive income attributable to Ryerson Holding Corporation	$	7.6		$	6.8		$	32.5		$	34.7
Basic and diluted earnings per share	$	0.05		$	0.23		$	0.46		$	0.82

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(In millions)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2017			2016
Operating activities:
Net income	$	17.7		$	27.3
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		34.1			31.8
Stock-based compensation		1.5			1.0
Deferred income taxes		6.9			13.4
Provision for allowances, claims and doubtful accounts		0.5			2.1
Loss on retirement of debt		—			7.2
Other-than-temporary impairment charge on available-for-sale investments		0.2			2.8
Restructuring and other charges		—			2.5
Premium and fees paid related to debt modification		—			(15.6	)
Non-cash (gain) loss from derivatives		1.9			(8.2	)
Other items		(0.7	)		(0.2	)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables		(91.5	)		(54.9	)
Inventories		(117.5	)		(67.3	)
Other assets		(4.2	)		13.9
Accounts payable		66.3			38.2
Accrued liabilities		22.6			17.9
Accrued taxes payable/receivable		(2.5	)		1.3
Deferred employee benefit costs		(28.6	)		(36.1	)
Net adjustments		(111.0	)		(50.2	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(93.3	)		(22.9	)
Investing activities:
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(49.2	)		—
(Increase) Decrease in restricted cash		(0.3	)		0.2
Capital expenditures		(15.8	)		(19.7	)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment		3.7			3.2
Net cash used in investing activities		(61.6	)		(16.3	)
Financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock		—			71.5
Long-term debt issued		—			650.0
Repayment of debt		(0.1	)		(689.0	)
Net proceeds of short-term borrowings		73.4			3.2
Net increase in book overdrafts		60.3			20.1
Long-term debt issuance costs		—			(5.2	)
Principal payments on capital lease obligations		(12.0	)		(3.9	)
Contributions from non-controlling interest		—			0.3
Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions		22.4			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		144.0			47.0
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(10.9	)		7.8
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		3.8			2.2
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(7.1	)		10.0
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period		80.7			63.2
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period	$	73.6		$	73.2
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest paid to third parties	$	44.6		$	49.2
Income taxes, net		1.5			1.4
Noncash investing activities:
Asset additions under capital leases and sale-leasebacks	$	34.6		$	2.1

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions, except shares)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	73.6		$	80.7
Restricted cash		1.3			1.0
Receivables less provision for allowances, claims and doubtful accounts of $5.6 in 2017 and $4.6 in 2016		425.4			326.0
Inventories		691.7			563.4
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		30.7			26.7
Total current assets		1,222.7			997.8
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost		727.6			668.7
Less: Accumulated depreciation		309.7			280.5
Property, plant and equipment, net		417.9			388.2
Deferred income taxes		8.6			24.4
Other intangible assets		48.5			40.8
Goodwill		115.3			103.2
Deferred charges and other assets		4.3			4.3
Total assets	$	1,817.3		$	1,558.7
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	362.5		$	230.4
Salaries, wages and commissions		38.0			36.8
Other accrued liabilities		62.0			37.7
Short-term debt		20.2			19.2
Current portion of deferred employee benefits		8.3			8.3
Total current liabilities		491.0			332.4
Long-term debt		1,021.4			944.3
Deferred employee benefits		261.1			298.8
Other noncurrent liabilities		58.2			32.5
Total liabilities		1,831.7			1,608.0
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Ryerson Holding Corporation stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 7,000,000 shares authorized and no shares issued at 2017 and 2016		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 37,421,081 and 37,345,117 shares issued at 2017 and 2016, respectively		0.4			0.4
Capital in excess of par value		376.9			375.4
Accumulated deficit		(95.1	)		(112.2	)
Treasury stock at cost – Common stock of 212,500 shares in 2017 and 2016		(6.6	)		(6.6	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(292.4	)		(307.8	)
Total Ryerson Holding Corporation stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(16.8	)		(50.8	)
Noncontrolling interest		2.4			1.5
Total equity (deficit)		(14.4	)		(49.3	)
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,817.3		$	1,558.7

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Ryerson Holding Corporation (“Ryerson Holding”), a Delaware corporation, is the parent company of Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Inc. (“JT Ryerson”), a Delaware corporation. Affiliates of Platinum Equity, LLC (“Platinum”) own approximately 21,037,500 shares of our common stock, which is approximately 57% of our issued and outstanding common stock.

We are a metals service center, with operations in the United States through JT Ryerson, in Canada through our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Ryerson Canada, Inc., a Canadian corporation (“Ryerson Canada”) and in Mexico through our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary Ryerson Metals de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V., a Mexican corporation (“Ryerson Mexico”). In addition to our North American operations, we conduct materials distribution operations in China through Ryerson China Limited (“Ryerson China”). Unless the context indicates otherwise, Ryerson Holding, JT Ryerson, Ryerson Canada, Ryerson China, and Ryerson Mexico together with their subsidiaries, are collectively referred to herein as “Ryerson,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company.”

The following table shows our percentage of sales by major product lines for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
Product Line	2017			2016			2017			2016
Carbon Steel Flat		29	%		29	%		28	%		27	%
Carbon Steel Plate		10			9			10			9
Carbon Steel Long		12			13			12			14
Stainless Steel Flat		17			17			18			16
Stainless Steel Plate		4			4			4			4
Stainless Steel Long		4			3			4			4
Aluminum Flat		16			16			15			16
Aluminum Plate		3			3			3			3
Aluminum Long		4			4			4			5
Other		1			2			2			2
Total		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

Results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results of any other periods or for the year. The condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017 and for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but in the opinion of management include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of results for such periods. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data contained in this report was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

NOTE 2: RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards—Adopted

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-07, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting.” The amendment eliminates the retroactive adjustments to an investment upon it qualifying for the equity method of accounting as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence by the investor. ASU 2016-07 requires that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor's previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment qualifies for equity method accounting. The update was effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, “Clarifying the Definition of a Business”. The guidance in ASU 2017-01 was issued to provide clarity of the definition of a business with the objective to assist entities in the evaluation of whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition of assets or a business. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and is to be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The objective of the guidance in ASU 2017-04 is to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. To test goodwill under this amendment, an entity should perform its annual impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized in the amount that the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and is to be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities”. The objective of the amendments is to better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships. Changes are made to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. Certain targeted improvements are also made to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance and ease the administrative burden of hedge documentation requirements and assessing hedge effectiveness. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and the amended presentation and disclosure guidance is to be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. We adopted this guidance effective July 1, 2017. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards—Not Yet Adopted

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which creates Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605 “Revenue Recognition.” The guidance in ASU 2014-09 and subsequently issued amendments outlines a comprehensive model for all entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers as well as required disclosures. Under the new standard, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard requires additional disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers including significant judgments and changes in judgments. The new standard permits two methods of adoption: the full retrospective method or the modified retrospective transition method. We will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method with the cumulative effect recorded to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the date of adoption.

We have established a project management team to analyze the impact of the new standard. The team is evaluating our different revenue streams and reviewing representative contracts with customers to identify if there are differences that would result from the application of the new standard as compared to our current accounting policies and practices. Under the new standard, the Company expects to recognize revenue on an over time basis for a subset of revenues associated with custom fabricated products instead of upon delivery of the fabricated product to the customer. The Company has not yet completed the process of quantifying the effects on our consolidated financial statements of the changes that may result from adoption. The Company is implementing new business processes and internal controls in order to recognize revenue in accordance with the new standard. We believe our implementation of the new standard is progressing in a timely manner to allow for proper recognition, presentation, and disclosure upon adoption.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments – Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments in ASU 2016-01 change the accounting for non-consolidated equity investments that are not accounted for under the equity method of accounting by requiring changes in fair value to be recognized in net income. Under current guidance, changes in fair value for investments of this nature are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity. Additionally, ASU 2016-01 simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values; requires entities to use the exit price when estimating the fair value of financial instruments; and modifies various presentation disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The amendments should be applied by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The amendments related to equity securities without readily determinable fair values (including disclosure requirements) should be applied prospectively to equity investments that exist as of the date of adoption. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning

January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Our available-for-sale investment as of September 30, 2017 has a fair value of $0.1 million.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” codified in ASC 842, “Leases.” The guidance requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with terms of more than 12 months. The amendment also will require disclosures designed to give financial statement users information on the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative information. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements, and have the option to use certain relief. Full retrospective application is prohibited. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019. The Company is working to gather lists of all leases and is in the process of implementing a lease software to be used for lease tracking, reporting and disclosures. We are still assessing the impact of adoption on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendment requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, thus eliminating the probable initial recognition threshold and instead reflecting the current estimate of all expected credit losses. The amendment also requires that credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than a write-down, thus enabling the ability to record reversals of credit losses in current period net income. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. An entity will apply the amendment through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (that is, a modified-retrospective approach). A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an-other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized before the effective date. The effect of a prospective transition approach is to maintain the same amortized cost basis before and after the effective date of this update. Early adoption is permitted only for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2020. We are still assessing the impact of adoption on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Certain Cash Payments.” The amendments address the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. If it is impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the issues, the amendments for those issues would be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory.” The amendment requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18 “Statement of Cash Flows – Restricted Cash.” The amendment requires entities to include in their cash and cash-equivalent balances in the statement of cash flows those amounts that are deemed to be restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. The ASU does not define the terms “restricted cash” and “restricted cash equivalents.” The amendment is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The amendments should be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. Early adoption is permitted. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post Retirement Benefit Cost”. The amendment requires entities to disaggregate the service cost component from the other components of net benefit cost and limits the capitalization of net benefit cost to only the service cost component. The amendment also provides explicit guidance on how to present the service cost component and the other components of net benefit cost in the statement of comprehensive income. The amendments are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The disclosure requirements of the amendments should be applied retrospectively and the requirements concerning capitalization of the net service costs should be applied prospectively. We will adopt this guidance for our

fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. Adoption of this guidance will result in a reclass within the lines of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, with no impact on gross margins, and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting”. The amendment provides guidance about which changes to the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply the accounting guidance on modifications to share-based payment awards. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We will adopt this guidance for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 3: INVENTORIES

The Company primarily uses the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method of valuing inventory. Interim LIFO calculations are based on actual inventory levels.

Inventories, at stated LIFO value, were classified at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2017		2016
	(In millions)
In process and finished products	$	691.7	$	563.4

If current cost had been used to value inventories, such inventories would have been $79 million and $115 million lower than reported at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Approximately 89% and 90% of inventories are accounted for under the LIFO method at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Non-LIFO inventories consist primarily of inventory at our foreign facilities using the weighted-average cost and the specific cost methods. Substantially all of our inventories consist of finished products.

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. We record amounts required, if any, to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its lower of cost or market as a charge to cost of materials sold. The lower of cost or market reserve totaled zero and $23.9 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company has consignment inventory at certain customer locations, which totaled $11.2 million and $11.1 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

NOTE 4: GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill, which represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired, amounted to $115.3 million and $103.2 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We recognized $12.1 million of goodwill during the first nine months of 2017 related to the acquisitions discussed in Note 5: Acquisitions. Pursuant to ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other,” we review the recoverability of goodwill annually as of October 1 or whenever significant events or changes occur which might impair the recovery of recorded amounts. The most recently completed impairment test of goodwill was performed as of October 1, 2016, and it was determined that no impairment existed in 2016.

Other intangible assets with finite useful lives continue to be amortized over their useful lives. During the first nine months of 2017 we recognized $12.2 million in intangibles related to the acquisitions discussed in Note 5: Acquisitions. We review the recoverability of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable.

NOTE 5: ACQUISITIONS

On January 19, 2017, Ryerson Holding acquired The Laserflex Corporation (“Laserflex”), a privately-owned metal fabricator specializing in laser fabrication metal processing and welding with locations in Columbus, Ohio and Wellford, South Carolina. The acquisition is not material to our consolidated financial statements.

On February 15, 2017, Ryerson Holding acquired Guy Metals, Inc. (“Guy Metals”), a privately-owned metal service center company located in Hammond, Wisconsin. The acquisition is not material to our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 6: LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2017			2016
	(In millions)
Ryerson Credit Facility	$	385.1		$	312.0
11.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2022		650.0			650.0
Foreign debt		19.5			19.2
Other debt		1.7			—
Unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts		(14.7	)		(17.7	)
Total debt		1,041.6			963.5
Less: Short-term foreign debt		19.5			19.2
Less: Other short-term debt		0.7			—
Total long-term debt	$	1,021.4		$	944.3

Ryerson Credit Facility

On November 16, 2016, Ryerson entered into an amendment with respect to its $1.0 billion revolving credit facility (as amended, the “Ryerson Credit Facility”), to reduce the total facility size from $1.0 billion (the “Old Credit Facility”) to $750 million, reduce the interest rate on outstanding borrowings by 25 basis points, reduce commitment fees on amounts not borrowed by 2.5 basis points, and to extend the maturity date to November 16, 2021.

At September 30, 2017, Ryerson had $385.1 million of outstanding borrowings, $15 million of letters of credit issued and $291 million available under the Ryerson Credit Facility compared to $312.0 million of outstanding borrowings, $16 million of letters of credit issued and $225 million available at December 31, 2016. Total credit availability is limited by the amount of eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and qualified cash pledged as collateral under the agreement insofar as Ryerson is subject to a borrowing base comprised of the aggregate of these three amounts, less applicable reserves. Eligible accounts receivable, at any date of determination, is comprised of the aggregate value of all accounts directly created by a borrower (and in the case of Canadian accounts, a Canadian guarantor) in the ordinary course of business arising out of the sale of goods or the rendering of services, each of which has been invoiced, with such receivables adjusted to exclude various ineligible accounts, including, among other things, those to which a borrower (or guarantor, as applicable) does not have sole and absolute title and accounts arising out of a sale to an employee, officer, director, or affiliate of a borrower (or guarantor, as applicable). Eligible inventory, at any date of determination, is comprised of the net orderly liquidation value of all inventory owned by a borrower (and in the case of Canadian accounts, a Canadian guarantor). Qualified cash consists of cash in an eligible deposit account that is subject to customary restrictions and liens in favor of the lenders.

The Ryerson Credit Facility has an allocation of $660 million to the Company’s subsidiaries in the United States and an allocation of $90 million to Ryerson Holding’s Canadian subsidiary that is a borrower. Amounts outstanding under the Ryerson Credit Facility bear interest at (i) a rate determined by reference to (A) the base rate (the highest of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, Bank of America, N.A.’s prime rate and the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.00%) or (B) a LIBOR rate or, (ii) for Ryerson Holding’s Canadian subsidiary that is a borrower, (A) a rate determined by reference to the Canadian base rate (the greatest of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, Bank of America-Canada Branch’s “base rate” for commercial loans in U.S. Dollars made at its “base rate” and the 30 day LIBOR rate plus 1.00%), (B) the prime rate (the greater of Bank of America-Canada Branch’s “prime rate” for commercial loans made by it in Canada in Canadian Dollars and the one-month Canadian bankers’ acceptance rate plus 1.00%) or (C) the bankers’ acceptance rate. The spread over the base rate and prime rate is between 0.25% and 0.50% and the spread over the LIBOR and for the bankers’ acceptances is between 1.25% and 1.50%, depending on the amount available to be borrowed under the Ryerson Credit Facility. Overdue amounts and all amounts owed during the existence of a default bear interest at 2% above the rate otherwise applicable thereto. Ryerson also pays commitment fees on amounts not borrowed at a rate of 0.23%.

We attempt to minimize interest rate risk exposure through the utilization of interest rate swaps, which are derivative financial instruments. During March 2017, we entered into an interest rate swap to fix interest on $150 million of our floating rate debt under the Ryerson Credit Facility at a rate of 1.658% through March 2020. The swap has reset dates and critical terms that match our existing debt and the anticipated critical terms of future debt. The weighted average interest rate on the outstanding borrowings under the Ryerson Credit Facility including the interest rate swap was 2.7 percent and 2.2 percent at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Borrowings under the Ryerson Credit Facility are secured by first-priority liens on all of the inventory, accounts receivables, lockbox accounts and related assets of the borrowers and the guarantors.

The Ryerson Credit Facility also contains covenants that, among other things, restrict Ryerson Holding and its restricted subsidiaries with respect to the incurrence of debt, the creation of liens, transactions with affiliates, mergers and consolidations, sales of assets and acquisitions. The Ryerson Credit Facility also requires that, if availability under the Ryerson Credit Facility declines to a certain level, Ryerson maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio as of the end of each fiscal quarter, and includes defaults upon (among other things) the occurrence of a change of control of Ryerson and a cross-default to other financing arrangements.

The Ryerson Credit Facility contains events of default with respect to, among other things, default in the payment of principal when due or the payment of interest, fees and other amounts due thereunder after a specified grace period, material misrepresentations, failure to perform certain specified covenants, certain bankruptcy events, the invalidity of certain security agreements or guarantees, material judgments and the occurrence of a change of control of Ryerson. If such an event of default occurs, the lenders under the Ryerson Credit Facility will be entitled to various remedies, including acceleration of amounts outstanding under the Ryerson Credit Facility and all other actions permitted to be taken by secured creditors.

The lenders under the Ryerson Credit Facility may reject a borrowing request if any event, circumstance or development has occurred that has had or could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company. If Ryerson Holding, JT Ryerson, any of the other borrowers or any restricted subsidiaries of JT Ryerson becomes insolvent or commences bankruptcy proceedings, all amounts borrowed under the Ryerson Credit Facility will become immediately due and payable.

Net proceeds of short-term borrowings that are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows represent borrowings under the Ryerson Credit Facility with original maturities less than three months.

2022 Notes

On May 24, 2016, JT Ryerson issued $650 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes (the “2022 Notes”). The 2022 Notes bear interest at a rate of 11.00% per annum. The 2022 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior secured basis by all of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries that are co-borrowers or that have guarantee obligations under the Ryerson Credit Facility.

The 2022 Notes and the related guarantees are secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of JT Ryerson’s and each guarantor’s present and future assets located in the United States (other than receivables, inventory, cash, deposit accounts and related general intangibles, certain other assets and proceeds thereof), subject to certain exceptions and customary permitted liens. The 2022 Notes and the related guarantees are also secured on a second-priority basis by a lien on the assets that secure JT Ryerson’s and the Company’s obligations under the Ryerson Credit Facility.

The 2022 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time on or after May 15, 2019 at certain redemption prices. The redemption price for the 2022 Notes if redeemed during the twelve months beginning (i) May 15, 2019 is 105.50%, (ii) May 15, 2020 is 102.75%, and (iii) May 15, 2021 and thereafter is 100.00%. JT Ryerson may redeem some or all of the 2022 Notes before May 15, 2019 at a redemption price of 100.00% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, plus a “make-whole” premium. In addition, JT Ryerson may redeem up to 35% of the 2022 Notes before May 15, 2019 with respect to the 2022 Notes with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a price equal to 111.00%, with respect to the 2022 Notes, of the principal amount thereof, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any. JT Ryerson may be required to make an offer to purchase the 2022 Notes upon the sale of assets or upon a change of control.

The 2022 Notes contain customary covenants that, among other things, limit, subject to certain exceptions, our ability, and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries, to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends on our capital stock or repurchase our capital stock, make investments, sell assets, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations or create liens or use assets as security in other transactions. Subject to certain exceptions, JT Ryerson may only pay dividends to Ryerson Holding to the extent of 50% of future net income, once prior losses are offset.

The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2022 Notes, along with borrowings under the Ryerson Credit Facility, were used to (i) repurchase and/or redeem in full the $569.9 million balance of JT Ryerson’s 9% Senior Secured Notes due 2017 (the “2017 Notes”), plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon up to, but not including, the repayment date, (ii) repurchase $95 million of the 11.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2018 (the “2018 Notes”), and (iii) pay related fees, expenses and premiums.

The Company applied the provisions of ASC 470-50, “Modifications and Extinguishments” in accounting for the issuance of the 2022 Notes, redemption of the 2017 Notes and partial repurchase of the 2018 Notes. The evaluation of the accounting under ASC 470-50 was performed on a creditor by creditor basis in order to determine if the terms of the debt were substantially different and, as a result, whether to apply modification or extinguishment accounting. For the lenders where it was determined that the terms of the debt were not substantially different, modification accounting was applied. For the remaining lenders, extinguishment accounting was applied. In connection with this debt modification and extinguishment, the Company recorded a $16.0 million loss within other income and (expense), net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during 2016, primarily attributed to the costs incurred with third parties for arrangement fees, legal and other services related to the modified debt, as well as redemption

fees paid to the creditors and unamortized debt issuance costs written off related to the extinguished debt. Additionally, the costs incurred with third parties for arrangement fees, legal and other services related to the extinguished debt and redemption fees paid to the creditors related to the modified debt were capitalized and are being amortized over the life of the modified debt using the effective interest method.

During the first nine months of 2016, a principal amount of $27.0 million of the 2018 Notes were repurchased for $18.2 million and retired, resulting in the recognition of an $8.8 million gain within other income and (expense), net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Including the $16.0 million loss on the redemption of the $569.9 million balance of the 2017 Notes and repurchase of $95.0 million of the 2018 Notes, the Company recognized a total net loss of $7.2 million within other income and (expense), net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the first nine months of 2016.

Foreign Debt

At September 30, 2017, Ryerson China’s foreign borrowings were $19.5 million, which were owed to banks in Asia at a weighted average interest rate of 3.9% per annum and secured by inventory and property, plant and equipment. At December 31, 2016, Ryerson China’s foreign borrowings were $19.2 million, which were owed to banks in Asia at a weighted average interest rate of 4.4% per annum and secured by inventory and property, plant and equipment.

Availability under the foreign credit lines was $26 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Letters of credit issued by our foreign subsidiaries were $6 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

NOTE 7: EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

The following table summarizes the components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 for the Ryerson pension plans and postretirement benefits other than pension:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(In millions)
Components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost
Interest cost	$	6		$	8		$	1		$	1
Expected return on assets		(10	)		(12	)		—			—
Recognized actuarial (gain) loss		4			3			(2	)		(2	)
Amortization of prior service credit		—			—			(1	)		(1	)
Net periodic benefit credit	$	—		$	(1	)	$	(2	)	$	(2	)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
	2017			2016			2017			2016
	(In millions)
Components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost
Service cost	$	1		$	1		$	—		$	—
Interest cost		19			22			2			2
Expected return on assets		(31	)		(34	)		—			—
Recognized actuarial (gain) loss		11			9			(6	)		(6	)
Amortization of prior service credit		—			—			(2	)		(2	)
Net periodic benefit credit	$	—		$	(2	)	$	(6	)	$	(6	)

Effective May 19, 2017, the Company froze the benefits accrued under a portion of its defined benefit pension plan for certain wage employees. The freeze impacted a significant number of active accruing participants, therefore, curtailment accounting was required and the pension plan was remeasured as of May 31, 2017. The remeasurement resulted in a curtailment loss of $0.1 million, which was recorded within warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative expense within the condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. As a result of the remeasurement, the discount rate decreased from 4.14% to 3.86% and the expected long-term rate of return on pension assets increased from 6.75% to 6.95% due to improved expectations of returns on pension assets. See our Annual Report on form 10-K for further information on these assumptions.

The Company has contributed $16 million to the pension plan fund through the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and anticipates that it will have a minimum required pension contribution funding of approximately $5 million for the remaining three months of 2017.

NOTE 8: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In October 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) named us as one of more than 100 businesses that may be a potentially responsible party for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site (the “PHS Site”). On January 6, 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision (“ROD”) regarding the site. The ROD includes a combination of dredging, capping and enhanced natural recovery that would take approximately thirteen years to construct plus additional time for monitored natural recovery, at an estimated present value cost of $1.05 billion. The EPA has not yet allocated responsibility for the contamination among the potentially responsible parties, including JT Ryerson. We do not currently have sufficient information available to us to determine whether the ROD will be executed as currently stated, whether and to what extent JT Ryerson may be held responsible for any of the identified contamination, and how much (if any) of the final plan’s costs might ultimately be allocated to JT Ryerson. Therefore, management cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter or estimate a range of potential loss at this time.

There are various other claims and pending actions against the Company. The amount of liability, if any, for those claims and actions at September 30, 2017 is not determinable but, in the opinion of management, such liability, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We maintain liability insurance coverage to assist in protecting our assets from losses arising from or related to activities associated with business operations.

NOTE 9: DERIVATIVES AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Derivatives

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and commodity price risk. Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s floating-rate borrowings. We use foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge our Canadian subsidiaries’ variability in cash flows from the forecasted payment of currencies other than the functional currency. From time to time, we may enter into fixed price sales contracts with our customers for certain of our inventory components, and in these instances, we may enter into metal commodity futures and options contracts to reduce volatility in the price of metals. We may also enter into natural gas and diesel fuel price swaps to manage the price risk of forecasted purchases of natural gas and diesel fuel.

We have a receive variable, pay fixed, interest rate swap to manage the exposure to variable interest rates of the Ryerson Credit Facility. In March 2017, we entered into a forward agreement for $150 million of “pay fixed” interest at 1.658%, “receive variable” interest rate swap to manage the risk of increasing variable interest rates. The interest rate reset dates and critical terms match the terms of our existing debt and anticipated critical terms of future debt under the Ryerson Credit Facility. The fair value of the interest rate swap as of September 30, 2017 was zero.

The Company currently does not account for its commodity contracts and foreign exchange derivative contracts as hedges but rather marks them to market with a corresponding offset to current earnings. The Company accounts for its interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge of floating-rate borrowings with changes in fair value being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Company regularly reviews the creditworthiness of its derivative counterparties and does not expect to incur a significant loss from the failure of any counterparties to perform under any agreements.

The following table summarizes the location and fair value amount of our derivative instruments reported in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	Asset Derivatives					Liability Derivatives
	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016		Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
	(In millions)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815
Foreign exchange contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	—	$	—	Other accrued liabilities	$	0.1	$	—
Metal commodity contracts	Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2.2		2.0	Other accrued liabilities		2.3		0.2
Total derivatives		$	2.2	$	2.0		$	2.4	$	0.2

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts had a U.S. dollar notional amount of $2.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had 517 tons and 296 tons, respectively, of nickel swap contracts related to forecasted purchases. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had 8,503 tons and 11,998 tons, respectively, of hot roll coil swap contracts related to forecasted purchases. The Company has aluminum swap contracts related to forecasted purchases, which had a notional amount of 15,717 tons and 8,466 tons as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company has zero gallons and 39,000 gallons, respectively, of diesel fuel swap contracts related to forecasted purchases. The Company had 3,402 tons and zero tons of zinc contracts as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had a notional amount of $150 million of the Ryerson Credit Facility hedged by an interest rate swap.

The following table summarizes the location and amount of gains and losses on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

		Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
under ASC 815	on Derivatives	2017		2016		2017			2016
		(In millions)
Metal commodity contracts	Cost of materials sold	$	0.8	$	1.7	$	2.6		$	9.0
Diesel fuel commodity contracts	Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative		—		—		—			0.1
Foreign exchange contracts	Other income and (expense), net		—		—		(0.1	)		(0.1	)
Total		$	0.8	$	1.7	$	2.5		$	9.0

The following table summarizes the location and amount of gains and losses on derivatives designated as hedging instruments reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

		Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments	Location of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in Income	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
under ASC 815	on Derivatives	2017			2016		2017			2016
		(In millions)
Interest Rate Swaps	Interest and other expense on debt	$	(0.1	)	$	—	$	(0.5	)	$	—

As of September 30, 2017, the portion of the interest rate swap fair value that would be reclassified into earnings during the next 12 months as interest expense is approximately $0.3 million.

Fair Value Measurements

To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:

Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the reporting date.

Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.

Level 3 – unobservable inputs, such as internally-developed pricing models for the asset or liability due to little or no market activity for the asset or liability.

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet on a recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017:

	At September 30, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In millions)
Assets
Prepaid and other current assets:
Common stock—available-for-sale investment	$	0.1	$	—	$	—
Derivatives:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Metal commodity contracts	$	—	$	2.2	$	—
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Foreign Exchange Contracts	$	—	$	0.1	$	—
Metal commodity contracts		—		2.3		—
Total derivatives liabilities	$	—	$	2.4	$	—

	At December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In millions)
Assets
Prepaid and other current assets:
Common stock – available-for-sale investment	$	0.4	$	—	$	—
Derivatives:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Metal commodity contracts	$	—	$	2.0	$	—
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Metal commodity contracts	$	—	$	0.2	$	—

The fair value of each derivative contract is determined using Level 2 inputs and the market approach valuation technique, as described in ASC 820. The Company has various commodity derivatives to lock in nickel and zinc prices for varying time periods. The fair value of these derivatives is determined based on the spot price each individual contract was purchased at and compared with the one-month daily average actual spot price on the London Metals Exchange for nickel and zinc on the valuation date. The Company also has commodity derivatives to lock in hot roll coil, iron ore, and aluminum prices for varying time periods. The fair value of hot roll coil, iron ore, and aluminum derivatives is determined based on the spot price each individual contract was purchased at and compared with the one-month daily average actual spot price on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Singapore Exchange, and the London Metals Exchange, respectively, for the commodity on the valuation date. The Company has various commodity derivatives to lock in diesel prices for varying time periods. The fair value of these derivatives is determined based on the spot price each individual contract was purchased at and compared with the one-month daily average actual spot price of the Platts Index for Gulf Coast Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel on the valuation date. In addition, the Company has numerous foreign exchange contracts to hedge our Canadian subsidiaries’ variability in cash flows from the forecasted payment of currencies other than the functional currency, the Canadian dollar. The Company defines the fair value of foreign exchange contracts as the amount of the difference between the contracted and current market value at the end of the period. The Company estimates the current market value of foreign exchange contracts by obtaining month-end market quotes of foreign exchange rates and forward rates for contracts with similar terms. The Company uses the exchange rates provided by Reuters. Each commodity and foreign exchange contract term varies in the number of months, but in general contracts are between 3 to 12 months in length. The fair value of our interest rate swap is based on the sum of all future net present value cash flows for the fixed and floating leg of the swap. The future cash flows are derived based on the terms of our interest rate swap, as well as published discount factors, and projected forward London Interbank Offered Rates.

The carrying and estimated fair values of our financial instruments at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

	At September 30, 2017				At December 31, 2016
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
	(In millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	73.6	$	73.6	$	80.7	$	80.7
Restricted cash		1.3		1.3		1.0		1.0
Receivables less provision for allowances, claims and doubtful accounts		425.4		425.4		326.0		326.0
Accounts payable		362.5		362.5		230.4		230.4
Long-term debt, including current portion		1,041.6		1,120.7		963.5		1,034.2

The estimated fair value of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, receivables less provision for allowances, claims and doubtful accounts and accounts payable approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt and the current portions thereof is determined by using quoted market prices of Company debt securities (Level 2 inputs).

Assets Held for Sale

The Company had zero and $3.6 million of assets held for sale, classified within “prepaid expenses and other current assets,” as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The fair values less costs to sell of long-lived assets held for sale are assessed each reporting period that they remain classified as held for sale. Any increase or decrease in the held for sale long-lived asset’s fair value less cost to sell is reported as an adjustment to its carrying amount, except that the adjusted carrying amount cannot exceed the carrying amount of the long-lived asset at the time it was initially classified as held for sale. The fair values of each property were determined based on appraisals obtained from a third-party, pending sales contracts, or recent listing agreements with third-party brokerage firms (Level 2 inputs).

The following table presents those assets that were measured and recorded at fair value on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet on a non-recurring basis and their level within the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2016:

	At December 31, 2016
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(In millions)
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets – assets held for sale	$	—	$	3.6	$	—

Available-For-Sale Investments

The Company has classified investments made during 2010 and 2012 as available-for-sale at the time of their purchase. Investments classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income. Management evaluates investments in an unrealized loss position on whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred on a periodic basis. Factors considered by management in assessing whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred include: the nature of the investment; whether the decline in fair value is attributable to specific adverse conditions affecting the investment; the financial condition of the investee; the severity and the duration of the impairment; and whether we intend to sell the investment or will be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. When it is determined that an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, the investment is written down to its market value at the end of the period in which it is determined that an other-than-temporary decline has occurred.

During the second quarter of 2017 the financial condition of the investee declined, therefore, management determined that an other-than-temporary impairment occurred and thus recognized a $0.2 million impairment charge within other income and (expense), net in the second quarter of 2017. As of September 30, 2017, the investment has been in an unrealized loss position from its adjusted cost basis for three months. Management does not currently intend to sell the investment before recovery of its adjusted cost basis. Realized gains and losses are recorded within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income upon sale of the security and are based on specific identification.

The Company’s available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2017 can be summarized as follows:

	At September 30, 2017
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
	(In millions)
Common stock	$	0.2	$	—	$	(0.1	)	$	0.1

The Company’s available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2016 can be summarized as follows:

	At December 31, 2016
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
	(In millions)
Common stock	$	0.4	$	—	$	—	$	0.4

There is no maturity date for these investments and there have been no sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

NOTE 10: STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT), ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) AND REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

The following table details changes in these accounts:

	Ryerson Holding Corporation Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
															Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Common Stock				Treasury Stock					Capital in Excess of Par Value		Accumulated Deficit			Foreign Currency Translation			Benefit Plan Liabilities			Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available- For-Sale Investments			Non-controlling Interest		Total Equity
	Shares		Dollars		Shares		Dollars			Dollars		Dollars			Dollars			Dollars			Dollars			Dollars		Dollars
	(In millions, except shares in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2017		37,345	$	0.4		213	$	(6.6	)	$	375.4	$	(112.2	)	$	(50.2	)	$	(258.7	)	$	1.1		$	1.5	$	(49.3	)
Net income		—		—		—		—			—		17.1			—			—			—			0.6		17.7
Foreign currency translation		—		—		—		—			—		—			5.5			—			—			0.3		5.8
Gain on intra-entity foreign currency transactions		—		—		—		—			—		—			3.6			—			—			—		3.6
Changes in defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans, net of tax of $3.9		—		—		—		—			—		—			—			6.4			—			—		6.4
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investment, net of tax of $0.1		—		—		—		—			—		—			—			—			(0.2	)		—		(0.2	)
Other than temporary impairment, net of tax of $0.1		—		—		—		—			—		—			—			—			0.1			—		0.1
Stock-based compensation expense		76		—		—		—			1.5		—			—			—			—			—		1.5
Balance at September 30, 2017		37,421	$	0.4		213	$	(6.6	)	$	376.9	$	(95.1	)	$	(41.1	)	$	(252.3	)	$	1.0		$	2.4	$	(14.4	)

The following table details changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

	Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component
	Foreign Currency Translation			Benefit Plan Liabilities			Available- For-Sale Investments			Cash Flow Hedge - Interest Rate Swap
	(In millions)
Balance at January 1, 2017	$	(50.2	)	$	(258.7	)	$	1.1		$	—
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		9.1			7.8			(0.2	)		(0.3	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		—			(1.4	)		0.1			0.3
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		9.1			6.4			(0.1	)		—
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(41.1	)	$	(252.3	)	$	1.0		$	—

The following table details the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017:

	Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Amount reclassified from Accumulated
	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended			Affected line item in the Condensed
Details about Accumulated Other	September 30, 2017						Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	(In millions)						Comprehensive Income
Other-than-temporary impairment
Other-than-temporary impairment charge	$	—		$	0.2		Other income and (expense), net
Tax benefit		—			(0.1	)
Net of tax	$	—		$	0.1
Cash flow hedge - interest rate swap
Realized swap interest loss	$	0.1		$	0.5		Interest and other expense on debt
Tax benefit		(0.1	)		(0.2	)
Net of tax	$	—		$	0.3
Amortization of defined benefit pension and other post- retirement benefit plan items
Actuarial (gain) loss	$	1.9		$	(0.2	)	Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative
Prior service credits		(0.8	)		(2.3	)	Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative
Total before tax		1.1			(2.5	)
Tax provision (benefit)		(0.3	)		1.1
Net of tax	$	0.8		$	(1.4	)

The following table details the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016:

	Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Amount reclassified from Accumulated
	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended			Affected line item in the Condensed
Details about Accumulated Other	September 30, 2016						Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	(In millions)						Comprehensive Income
Other-than-temporary impairment
Other-than-temporary impairment charge	$	—		$	2.8		Other income and (expense), net
Tax benefit		—			(1.1	)
Net of tax	$	—		$	1.7
Amortization of defined benefit pension and other post- retirement benefit plan items
Actuarial loss	$	1.1		$	3.4		Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative
Prior service credits		(0.7	)		(2.2	)	Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative
Total before tax		0.4			1.2
Tax benefit		(0.1	)		(0.4	)
Net of tax	$	0.3		$	0.8

NOTE 11: INCOME TAXES

For the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.7 million compared to income tax expense of $1.6 million in the prior year. The $0.7 million tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily represents the reversal of previous uncertain tax provisions due to the lapse of the statute of limitations and taxes at federal and local statutory rates where the Company operates, but generally excludes any tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with historical losses.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $5.3 million compared to $14.0 million in the prior year. The $5.3 million tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily represents taxes at federal and local statutory rates where the Company operates, but generally excludes any tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with historical losses.

In accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” the Company assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets. The Company records a valuation allowance when, based upon the evaluation of all available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this determination, we analyze, among other things, our recent history of earnings, the nature and timing of reversing book-tax temporary differences, tax planning strategies and future income. The Company maintains a valuation allowance on certain foreign and U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets until such time as in management’s judgment, considering all available positive and negative evidence, the Company determines that these deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable. The valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly and will be maintained until sufficient positive evidence exists to support the reversal of some or all of the valuation allowance. The valuation allowance was $19.5 million and $20.0 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

NOTE 12: EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share attributable to Ryerson Holding’s common stock is determined based on earnings for the period divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share attributable to Ryerson Holding’s common stock considers the effect of potential common shares, unless inclusion of the potential common shares would have an antidilutive effect. Stock-based awards with a grant price greater than the average market price of our common stock are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the impact would have been antidilutive. The weighted average number of shares excluded were 145,833 and 96,808 for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Basic and diluted earnings per share		2017		2016		2017		2016
	(In millions, except share and per share data)
Numerator:
Net income attributable to Ryerson Holding Corporation	$	1.7	$	8.2	$	17.1	$	27.3
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding		37,190,927		35,804,069		37,165,552		33,343,503
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards		103,781		161,615		125,041		92,009
Weighted average shares outstanding adjusted for dilutive securities		37,294,708		35,965,684		37,290,593		33,435,512

Earnings per share
Basic and diluted	$	0.05	$	0.23	$	0.46	$	0.82

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Quarterly Report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “estimates,” “will,” “should,” “plans” or “anticipates” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and may involve significant risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may vary materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should, therefore, be considered in light of various factors, including those set forth under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed on March 13, 2017 and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Industry and Operating Trends” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they were made. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto in Item 1, “Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2016 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 13, 2017.

Industry and Operating Trends

We are a leading metals service center that distributes and provides value-added processing of industrial metals with operations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and China. We purchase large quantities of metal products from primary producers and sell these materials in smaller quantities to a wide variety of metals-consuming industries. More than 75% of the metals products sold are processed by us by burning, sawing, slitting, blanking, cutting to length or other techniques.

Similar to other metals service centers, we maintain substantial inventories of metals to accommodate the short lead times and just-in-time delivery requirements of our customers. Accordingly, we purchase metals in an effort to maintain our inventory at levels that we believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of our customers based upon customer forecasts, historic buying practices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions. Our commitments to purchase metals are generally at prevailing market prices in effect at the time we place our orders. At the request of our customers, we have entered into swaps in order to mitigate our customers’ risk of volatility in the price of metals, and we have entered into metals hedges to mitigate our risk of volatility in the price of metals. We have no long-term, fixed-price metals purchase contracts. When metals prices decline, customer demands for lower prices and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices and, consequently, lower gross profits and earnings as we use existing metals inventory. When metals prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how much of the price increase we may pass on to our customers.

The metals service center industry is cyclical in terms of both demand and pricing, as such, industrial metals prices are volatile and remain difficult to predict. In the third quarter of 2017, we continue to see improved demand when viewed against the year ago period. According to the Metal Service Center Institute, U.S. service center volumes per day have increased by more than three percent compared to the second quarter of 2017. In the third quarter of 2017, we experienced quarterly year-over-year growth in shipment volumes to nearly all of our end markets, most notably in commercial ground transportation, oil & gas, and construction equipment sectors. However, we saw quarterly year-over-year shipment declines in consumer durables.

Overall, a weaker U.S. dollar and improved global pricing conditions narrowed spreads between foreign and domestic steel pricing in the third quarter of 2017. Commodity prices on balance trended higher sequentially from the second quarter through the third quarter of 2017 despite continuing volatility in industrial base metal markets. However, elevated import levels and well supplied metals markets muted service center pricing power, with our average selling prices down one percent in the third quarter of 2017 compared to the prior quarter. The muted pricing together with higher procured metal costs resulted in margin compression through the third quarter of 2017.

On January 9, 2017, we acquired The Laserflex Corporation (“Laserflex”), a privately-owned metal fabricator with locations in Columbus, Ohio and Wellford, South Carolina. Laserflex specializes in laser fabrication metal processing and welding and further enhances our existing fabrication and metals processing capabilities.

On February 15, 2017, we acquired Guy Metals, Inc. (“Guy Metals”), a privately-owned metal service center company located in Hammond, Wisconsin. Guy Metals processes stainless and nickel alloy products including its trademarked “Pit Free Dairy” and “Super4” finishes used in food, dairy, pharmaceutical, and beverage applications. Consistent with the Laserflex acquisition, Guy Metals bolsters our value-added processing capabilities to provide additional services to our customers.

Components of Results of Operations

We generate substantially all of our revenue from sales of our metals products. Revenue is recognized upon delivery of product to customers. The timing of shipment is substantially the same as the timing of delivery to customers given the proximity of our distribution sites to our customers.

Sales, cost of materials sold, gross profit and operating expense control are the principal factors that impact our profitability.

Net sales. Our sales volume and pricing is driven by market demand, which is largely determined by overall industrial production and conditions in specific industries in which our customers operate. Sales prices are also primarily driven by market factors such as overall demand and availability of product. Our net sales include revenue from product sales, net of returns, allowances, customer discounts and incentives.

Cost of materials sold. Cost of materials sold includes metal purchase and in-bound freight costs, third-party processing costs and direct and indirect internal processing costs. The cost of materials sold fluctuates with our sales volume and our ability to purchase metals at competitive prices. Increases in sales volume generally enable us both to improve purchasing leverage with suppliers, as we buy larger quantities of metals inventories, and to reduce operating expenses per ton sold.

Gross profit. Gross profit is the difference between net sales and the cost of materials sold. Our sales prices to our customers are subject to market competition. Achieving acceptable levels of gross profit is dependent on our acquiring metals at competitive prices, our ability to manage the impact of changing prices and efficiently managing our internal and external processing costs.

Operating expenses. Optimizing business processes and asset utilization to lower fixed expenses such as employee, facility and truck fleet costs, which cannot be rapidly reduced in times of declining volume, and maintaining a low fixed cost structure in times of increasing sales volume, have a significant impact on our profitability. Operating expenses include costs related to warehousing and distributing our products as well as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Results of Operations—Comparison of Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated statements of income data for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended September 30,												Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017						2016						2017						2016
	$			% of Net Sales			$			% of Net Sales			$			% of Net Sales			$			% of Net Sales
	($ in millions)												($ in millions)
Net sales	$	864.2			100.0	%	$	735.1			100.0	%	$	2,554.1			100.0	%	$	2,177.5			100.0	%
Cost of materials sold		719.2			83.2			589.7			80.2			2,108.1			82.5			1,721.5			79.1
Gross profit		145.0			16.8			145.4			19.8			446.0			17.5			456.0			20.9
Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative expenses		119.2			13.8			109.1			14.8			353.2			13.9			331.5			15.2
Restructuring and other charges		—			—			2.5			0.4			—			—			2.5			0.1
Operating profit		25.8			3.0			33.8			4.6			92.8			3.6			122.0			5.6
Other expenses		(24.6	)		(2.9	)		(23.8	)		(3.2	)		(69.8	)		(2.7	)		(80.7	)		(3.7	)
Income before income taxes		1.2			0.1			10.0			1.4			23.0			0.9			41.3			1.9
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(0.7	)		(0.1	)		1.6			0.3			5.3			0.2			14.0			0.6
Net income		1.9			0.2			8.4			1.1			17.7			0.7			27.3			1.3
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.2			—			0.2			—			0.6			—			—			—
Net income attributable to Ryerson Holding Corporation	$	1.7			0.2	%	$	8.2			1.1	%	$	17.1			0.7	%	$	27.3			1.3	%
Basic and diluted earnings per share	$	0.05					$	0.23					$	0.46					$	0.82

Net sales

The following table shows our percentage of sales revenue by major product lines for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
Product Line	2017			2016			2017			2016
Carbon Steel Flat		29	%		29	%		28	%		27	%
Carbon Steel Plate		10			9			10			9
Carbon Steel Long		12			13			12			14
Stainless Steel Flat		17			17			18			16
Stainless Steel Plate		4			4			4			4
Stainless Steel Long		4			3			4			4
Aluminum Flat		16			16			15			16
Aluminum Plate		3			3			3			3
Aluminum Long		4			4			4			5
Other		1			2			2			2
Total		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

	September 30,				Dollar		Percentage
	2017		2016		change		change
	($ in millions)
Net sales (three-months ended)	$	864.2	$	735.1	$	129.1		17.6	%
Net sales (nine-months ended)	$	2,554.1	$	2,177.5	$	376.6		17.3	%

	September 30,				Tons		Percentage
	2017		2016		change		change
	(in thousands)
Tons sold (three-months ended)		515		480		35		7.3	%
Tons sold (nine-months ended)		1,530		1,463		67		4.6	%

	September 30,				Price		Percentage
	2017		2016		change		change
Average selling price per ton sold (three-months ended)	$	1,678	$	1,531	$	147		9.6	%
Average selling price per ton sold (nine-months ended)	$	1,669	$	1,488	$	181		12.2	%

Revenue for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 increased from the same periods a year ago due to higher average selling prices and higher tons sold. Average selling price increased in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 from the price levels in the same periods of 2016 reflecting improved economic conditions in the metals market. Average selling price increased for all of our product lines in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 with the largest increases in our carbon flat, stainless flat and stainless plate products. Tons sold increased in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017. The largest increases in shipments were in our stainless long, stainless plate and carbon plate product lines and our stainless long, stainless flat and aluminum flat product lines for the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2017, respectively.

Cost of materials sold

	September 30,
	2017							2016
	$		% of Net Sales					$				% of Net Sales					Dollar change				Percentage change
	($ in millions)
Cost of materials sold (three-months ended)	$	719.2		83.2			%	$	589.7				80.2		%		$	129.5				22.0	%
Cost of materials sold (nine-months ended)	$	2,108.1		82.5			%	$	1,721.5				79.1		%		$	386.6				22.5	%

					September 30,									Cost					Percentage
					2017					2016				change					change
Average cost of materials sold per ton sold (three-months ended)					$	1,396				$	1,228			$		168				13.7			%
Average cost of materials sold per ton sold (nine-months ended)					$	1,377				$	1,176			$		201				17.1			%

The increase in cost of materials sold in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same periods a year ago is primarily due to an increase in average cost of materials sold per ton and the increase in tons sold. The average cost of materials sold for our carbon plate, stainless flat and stainless plate product lines increased more than our other products during both the three and nine month periods of 2017, which was a faster increase than the increase in average selling price per ton for these products. During the third quarter of 2017, LIFO income was $1.7 million compared to LIFO expense of $25.1 million in the third quarter of 2016. LIFO expense in the third quarter of 2016 was offset by a $23.7 million credit to adjust the lower of cost or market inventory reserve. In the first nine months of 2017, LIFO expense was $35.7 million compared to LIFO expense of $5.0 million in the first nine months of 2016. LIFO expense in the first nine months of 2017 was offset by a $23.9 million credit to adjust the lower of cost or market inventory reserve while LIFO expense in the first nine months of 2016 was more than offset by a $25.4 million credit to adjust the lower of cost or market inventory reserve.

Gross profit

	September 30,
	2017					2016
	$		% of Net Sales			$		% of Net Sales			Dollar change			Percentage change
	($ in millions)
Gross profit (three-months ended)	$	145.0		16.8	%	$	145.4		19.8	%	$	(0.4	)		(0.3	)%
Gross profit (nine-months ended)	$	446.0		17.5	%	$	456.0		20.9	%	$	(10.0	)		(2.2	)%

Gross profit decreased in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 as a competitive pricing environment pressured gross profit as a percent of sales. While our revenue per ton increased in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 as compared to the three-month and nine-month periods of 2016, cost of materials sold per ton increased at a faster pace resulting in lower gross margins.

Operating expenses

	September 30,
	2017					2016
	$		% of Net Sales			$		% of Net Sales			Dollar change			Percentage change
	($ in millions)
Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative expenses (three months ended)	$	119.2		13.8	%	$	109.1		14.8	%	$	10.1			9.3	%
Warehousing, delivery, selling, general and administrative expenses (nine months ended)	$	353.2		13.9	%	$	331.5		15.2	%	$	21.7			6.5	%
Restructuring and other charges (three months ended)	$	—		—		$	2.5		0.4	%	$	(2.5	)		(100.0	)%
Restructuring and other charges (nine months ended)	$	—		—		$	2.5		0.1	%	$	(2.5	)		(100.0	)%

Total operating expenses increased in the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 primarily due to improved demand and higher employment levels as well as general inflationary factors, which combined to increase salaries and wages, benefit costs and delivery expenses. The decrease in our operating expenses as a percentage of sales over these same periods is due to our higher sales levels resulting from higher metals pricing. The $2.5 million restructuring charge in 2016 was related to a facility closure.

Operating profit

	September 30,
	2017					2016
	$		% of Net Sales			$		% of Net Sales			Dollar change			Percentage change
	($ in millions)
Operating profit (three-months ended)	$	25.8		3.0	%	$	33.8		4.6	%	$	(8.0	)		(23.7	)%
Operating profit (nine-months ended)	$	92.8		3.6	%	$	122.0		5.6	%	$	(29.2	)		(23.9	)%

Our operating profit decreased in both the three-month and nine-month periods of 2017 compared to the same periods a year ago, primarily due to the decline in gross profit as a percent of sales discussed above.

Other expenses

	September 30,
	2017						2016
	$			% of Net Sales			$			% of Net Sales			Dollar change			Percentage change
	($ in millions)
Interest and other expense on debt (three-months ended)	$	(23.2	)		(2.7	)%	$	(23.6	)		(3.2	)%	$	0.4			(1.7	)%
Interest and other expense on debt (nine-months ended)	$	(67.8	)		(2.7	)%	$	(67.5	)		(3.1	)%	$	(0.3	)		0.4	%
Other income and (expense), net (three-months ended)	$	(1.4	)		(0.2	)%	$	(0.2	)		—		$	(1.2	)		600.0	%
Other income and (expense), net (nine-months ended)	$	(2.0	)		—		$	(13.2	)		(0.6	)%	$	11.2			(84.8	)%

Interest and other expense on debt was relatively unchanged in the first three-month and nine-month periods of 2017 compared to the same periods in 2016 as the interest rate on a portion of our outstanding Notes increased after we redeemed the $569.9 million outstanding balance of our 9.00% Senior Notes due 2017 (the “2017 Notes”), repurchased $121.9 million and thereafter redeemed the remaining outstanding $48.5 million of our 11.25% Senior Notes due 2018 (the “2018 Notes”) and issued $650.0 million of new 11.00% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes”) in 2016, partially offset by a reduction in the amount of our outstanding Notes and lower amortization of debt issuance costs expense. The other expense in the first three-month and nine-month periods of 2017 was primarily related to foreign currency losses. The first nine months of 2016 included a $7.2 million net loss on debt redemptions, foreign currency losses of $3.2 million and a $2.8 million charge due to an other-than-temporary impairment recognized on an available-for-sale investment.

Provision for income taxes. In the third quarter of 2017, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.7 million compared to an income tax expense of $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2016. In the first nine months of 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $5.3 million compared to $14.0 million in the first nine months of 2016. The income tax benefit or expense recorded in all

periods primarily represents taxes at federal and local statutory rates where the Company operates, but generally exclude any tax benefit for losses in jurisdictions with historical losses. The third quarter of 2017 also includes the reversal of previous uncertain tax provisions due to the lapse of the statute of limitations.

Earnings per share. Basic and diluted earnings per share was $0.05 in the third quarter of 2017 and $0.46 in the first nine months of 2017 compared to basic and diluted earnings per share of $0.23 in the third quarter of 2016 and $0.82 in the first nine months of 2016. The changes in earnings per share are due to the results of operations discussed above as well as an increase in the weighted average number of shares outstanding due to the issuance of 5 million shares of common stock in July 2016.

Liquidity

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations and borrowing availability under the $750 million revolving credit facility (the “Ryerson Credit Facility”) that matures on November 16, 2021. Its principal source of operating cash is from the sale of metals and other materials. Its principal uses of cash are for payments associated with the procurement and processing of metals and other materials inventories, costs incurred for the warehousing and delivery of inventories and the selling and administrative costs of the business, capital expenditures, and for interest payments on debt.

The following table summarizes the Company’s cash flows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
	(In millions)

Net cash used in operating activities	$	(93.3	)	$	(22.9	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(61.6	)		(16.3	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		144.0			47.0
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		3.8			2.2
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	(7.1	)	$	10.0

We had cash and cash equivalents of $73.6 million at September 30, 2017, compared to $80.7 million at December 31, 2016. We had $36 million and $31 million of qualified cash pledged as collateral at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We had $1,042 million and $964 million of total debt outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and a debt-to-capitalization ratio of 101% at September 30, 2017 and 105% at December 31, 2016. We had total liquidity (defined as cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and availability under the Ryerson Credit Facility and foreign debt facilities, less qualified cash pledged as collateral) of $355 million at September 30, 2017 versus $301 million at December 31, 2016. Total liquidity is not a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) financial measure. We believe that total liquidity provides additional information for measuring our ability to fund our operations. Total liquidity does not represent, and should not be used as a substitute for, net income or cash flows from operations as determined in accordance with GAAP and total liquidity is not necessarily an indication of whether cash flow will be sufficient to fund our cash requirements.

Below is a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents to total liquidity:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(In millions)

Cash and cash equivalents	$	74		$	81
Less: Qualified cash pledged as collateral		(36	)		(31	)
Availability under Ryerson Credit Facility and foreign debt facilities		317			251
Total liquidity	$	355		$	301

Of the total cash and cash equivalents, as of September 30, 2017, $63.4 million was held in subsidiaries outside the United States which is deemed to be permanently reinvested. Ryerson does not currently foresee a need to repatriate earnings from its non-U.S. subsidiaries. Although Ryerson has historically satisfied needs for more capital in the U.S. through debt or equity issuances, Ryerson could elect to repatriate earnings held in foreign jurisdictions, which could result in higher effective tax rates. We have not recorded a deferred tax liability for the effect of a possible repatriation of these earnings as management intends to permanently reinvest these earnings outside of the U.S. Specific plans for reinvestment include funding for future international acquisitions and funding of existing international operations.

Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities of $93.3 million in the first nine months of 2017 was primarily due to an increase in inventory of $117.5 million as the value of inventory and the tons in inventory both increased as economic conditions in the metals market improved in the first nine months of 2017, an increase in accounts receivable of $91.5 million resulting from higher sales levels in the third quarter of 2017 compared to year-end 2016, and pension contributions of $16.5 million. Partially offsetting the cash outflows were an increase in accounts payable of $66.3 million resulting from a higher level of material purchases at the end of the first nine months of 2017 compared to year-end 2016, non-cash depreciation and amortization expense of $34.1 million and an increase in accrued liabilities of $22.6 million. Net cash used in operating activities of $22.9 million in the first nine months of 2016 was primarily due to an increase in inventory of $67.3 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $54.9 million resulting from higher sales levels in the first nine months of 2016 compared to year-end 2015 and pension contributions of $21.0 million. Offsetting the cash outflows was an increase in accounts payable of $38.2 million due to a higher level of material purchases at the end of the third quarter of 2016 compared to year-end 2015, non-cash depreciation and amortization expense of $31.8 million, net income of $27.3 million and an increase in accrued liabilities of $17.9 million.

Investing activities. During the first nine months of 2017 we paid $49.2 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of The Laserflex Corporation and Guy Metals, Inc. Capital expenditures during the first nine months of 2017 totaled $15.8 million compared to $19.7 million in the first nine months of 2016. The Company sold property, plant and equipment and assets held for sale generating cash proceeds of $3.7 million and $3.2 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities in the first nine months of 2017 was $144.0 million compared to $47.0 million in the first nine months of 2016. Net cash provided by financing activities in the first nine months of 2017 was primarily related to an increase in credit facility borrowings of $73.4 million, an increase in book overdrafts of $60.3 million and proceeds of $22.4 million from sale leaseback transactions. Net cash used in financing activities in the first nine months of 2016 was related to the issuance of the 2022 Notes with a principal amount of $650.0 million, net proceeds of $71.5 million from the issuance of common stock and an increase in book overdrafts of $20.1 million, offset by the early redemption of $569.9 million principal amount of the 2017 Notes and $121.9 million principal amount of the 2018 Notes.

Capital Resources

We believe that cash flow from operations and proceeds from the Ryerson Credit Facility will provide sufficient funds to meet our contractual obligations and operating requirements in the normal course of business.

As a result of the acquisitions and net cash used in operating activities in the first nine months of 2017, total debt in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets in the first nine months of 2017 increased to $1,041.6 million at September 30, 2017 from $963.5 million at December 31, 2016.

Total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2017 consisted of the following amounts: $385.1 million borrowing under the Ryerson Credit Facility, $650.0 million under the 2022 Notes, $19.5 million of foreign debt, and $1.7 million of other debt, less $14.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs. Discussion of each of these borrowings follows.

Ryerson Credit Facility

2022 Notes

basis by all of our existing and future domestic subsidiaries that are co-borrowers or that have guarantee obligations under the Ryerson Credit Facility.

Foreign Debt

Pension Funding

At December 31, 2016, pension liabilities exceeded plan assets by $216 million. We anticipate that we will have a total minimum required pension contribution of approximately $21 million in 2017 under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and Pension Protection Act in the U.S and the Ontario Pension Benefits Act in Canada. Through the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we have made $16 million in pension contributions, and anticipate an additional $5 million of contributions in the remaining three months of 2017. Future contribution requirements depend on the investment returns on plan assets, the impact of discount rates on pension liabilities, and changes in regulatory requirements. We are unable to determine the amount or timing of any such contributions required by ERISA or whether any such contributions would have a material adverse effect on our financial position or cash flows. We believe that cash flow from operations and the Ryerson Credit Facility described above will provide sufficient funds to make the minimum required contribution in 2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business with customers, vendors and others, we have entered into off-balance sheet arrangements, such as letters of credit, which totaled $21 million as of September 30, 2017. Additionally, other than normal course long-term operating leases included in the following Contractual Obligations table, we do not have any material off-balance sheet financing arrangements. None of these off-balance sheet arrangements are likely to have a material effect on our current or future financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents contractual obligations at September 30, 2017:

	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations ⁽¹⁾	Total		Less than 1 year		1 – 3 years		4 – 5 years		After 5 years
	(In millions)

2022 Notes		650		—		—		650		—
Ryerson Credit Facility		385		—		—		385		—
Foreign Debt		20		20		—		—		—
Other Debt		1		1		—		—		—
Interest on 2022 Notes, Foreign Debt, Other Debt and Ryerson Credit Facility ⁽²⁾		391		82		164		145		—
Purchase Obligations ⁽³⁾		27		27		—		—		—
Operating Leases		83		21		30		19		13
Pension Withdrawal Liability		1		—		—		—		1
Capital Lease Obligations		31		10		15		6		—
Total	$	1,589	$	161	$	209	$	1,205	$	14

(1)

The contractual obligations disclosed above do not include the Company’s potential future pension funding obligations (see discussion under “Pension Funding” caption). Due to uncertainty regarding the completion of tax audits and possible outcomes, we do not know when our obligations related to unrecognized tax benefits will occur, if at all.

(2)	Interest payments related to the variable rate debt were estimated using the weighted average interest rate for the Ryerson Credit Facility, including the effect of the interest rate swap.

(3)	The purchase obligations with suppliers are entered into when we receive firm sales commitments with certain of our customers.

Income Taxes

We maintain a valuation allowance on certain foreign and U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets until such time as in management’s judgment, considering all available positive and negative evidence and consistent with its past determinations, we determine that these deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable.

We anticipate that certain statutes of limitation will close within the next twelve months resulting in the reduction of the reserve for uncertain tax benefits related to various intercompany transactions, with a corresponding income tax benefit of approximately $1.1 million.

Recent legislative proposals in the U.S. would repeal the use of the last-in-first-out method of accounting (“LIFO method”) for inventory for U.S. tax purposes. If legislation repealing the use of the LIFO method for tax purposes becomes law, we would expect an increase in the cash taxes we will need to pay over a 10-year period.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest rate risk

We are exposed to market risk related to our fixed-rate and variable-rate long-term debt. Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the market value of our fixed-rate debt. The estimated fair value of our long-term debt and the current portions thereof using quoted market prices our debt securities recently traded and market-based prices of similar securities for those securities not recently traded was $1,121 million at September 30, 2017 and $1,034 million at December 31, 2016 as compared with the carrying value of $1,042 million and $964 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

A hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates on variable rate debt would have increased interest expense for the first nine months of 2017 by approximately $1.9 million.

Foreign exchange rate risk

We are subject to exposure from fluctuations in foreign currencies. We use foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge our Canadian subsidiaries’ variability in cash flows from the forecasted payment of currencies other than the functional currency. The Canadian subsidiaries’ foreign currency contracts were principally used to purchase U.S. dollars. We had foreign currency contracts with a U.S. dollar notional amount of $2.1 million outstanding at September 30, 2017 and a liability value of $0.1 million. We do not currently account for these contracts as hedges but rather mark these contracts to market with a corresponding offset to current earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized a loss of $0.1 million associated with its foreign currency contracts. A hypothetical strengthening or weakening of 10% in the foreign exchange rates underlying the foreign currency contracts from the market rate as of September 30, 2017 would increase or decrease the fair value of the foreign currency contracts by $0.2 million.

The currency effects of translating the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss and will not be recognized in the statement of operations until there is a liquidation or sale of those foreign subsidiaries.

Commodity price risk

Metal prices can fluctuate significantly due to several factors including changes in foreign and domestic production capacity, raw material availability, metals consumption and foreign currency rates. Declining metal prices could reduce our revenues, gross profit and net income. From time to time, we may enter into fixed price sales contracts with our customers for certain of our inventory components. We may enter into metal commodity futures and options contracts to reduce volatility in the price of these metals.

As of September 30, 2017, we had 517 tons of nickel swap contracts and 8,503 tons of hot roll coil swaps contracts, with a net asset value of $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, we had 3,402 tons of zinc swap contracts and 15,717 tons of aluminum swap contracts with a net liability value of $0.7 million and zero, respectively. We do not currently account for these swaps as hedges, but rather mark these contracts to market with a corresponding offset to current earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recognized a gain of $2.6 million associated with our metal commodity derivatives.

A hypothetical strengthening or weakening of 10% in the commodity prices underlying the commodity derivative contracts from the market rate as of September 30, 2017 would decrease or increase the fair value of commodity derivative contracts by $0.8 million.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired

control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As required by SEC Rule 15d-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2017.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

In October 2011, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) named us as one of more than 100 businesses that may be a potentially responsible party for the Portland Harbor Superfund Site (“Portland Harbor”). On January 6, 2017, the EPA issued its Record of Decision (“ROD”) regarding the site. The ROD includes a combination of dredging, capping and enhanced natural recovery that would take approximately thirteen years to construct plus additional time for monitored natural recovery, at an estimated present value cost of $1.05 billion. The EPA has not yet allocated responsibility for the contamination among the potentially responsible parties, including JT Ryerson. We do not currently have sufficient information available to us to determine whether the ROD will be executed as currently stated, whether and to what extent JT Ryerson may be held responsible for any of the identified contamination, and how much (if any) of the final plan’s costs might ultimately be allocated to JT Ryerson and therefore, management cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this matter or estimate a range of potential loss at this time.

There are various other claims and pending actions against the Company. The amount of liability, if any, for those other claims and actions at September 30, 2017 is not determinable but, in the opinion of management, such liability, if any, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We maintain liability insurance coverage to assist in protecting our assets from losses arising from or related to activities associated with business operations.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Except for the risk factor below, there have been no material changes relating to this Item from those set forth in Item 1A on the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

The right to receive payment on the 2022 Notes and the guarantees will be subordinated to the liabilities of non-guarantor subsidiaries.

The notes and related guarantees are structurally subordinated to all indebtedness of our subsidiaries that are not guarantors of the 2022 Senior Secured Notes (the “2022 Notes”). While the indenture governing the 2022 Notes limits the indebtedness and activities of these non-guarantor subsidiaries, holders of indebtedness of, and trade creditors of, non-guarantor subsidiaries, including lenders under bank financing agreements, are entitled to payments of their claims from the assets of such subsidiaries before those assets are made available for distribution to any guarantor, as direct or indirect shareholder. While the non-guarantor subsidiaries have agreed under the indenture not to pledge or encumber their assets (other than with respect to permitted liens) without equally and ratably securing the notes, they will not guarantee the 2022 Notes notwithstanding any such pledge or encumbrance in favor of the 2022 Notes.

The non-guarantor subsidiaries represented, respectively, 11.8% and 5.2% of our net sales and EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. In addition, these non-guarantor subsidiaries represented respectively, 14.7% and 9.1% of our assets and liabilities, as of September 30, 2017.

Accordingly, in the event that any of the non-guarantor subsidiaries or joint venture entities become insolvent, liquidates or otherwise reorganizes:

•

the creditors of the guarantors (including the holders of the 2022 Notes) will have no right to proceed against such subsidiary’s assets; and

•

the creditors of such non-guarantor subsidiary, including trade creditors, will generally be entitled to payment in full from the sale or other disposal of assets of such subsidiary, as direct or indirect shareholder, and will be entitled to receive any distributions from such subsidiary.

Items 2, 3, 4, and 5 are not applicable and have been omitted.

Item 6.

Exhibits


Exhibit No.	Description
31.1	Certificate of the Principal Executive Officer of the Company, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2	Certificate of the Principal Financial Officer of the Company, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*	Written Statement of Edward J. Lehner, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2*	Written Statement of Erich S. Schnaufer, Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

*In accordance with SEC Release 33-8238, Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are being furnished herewith and not filed.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


RYERSON HOLDING CORPORATION

By:		/s/ Erich S. Schnaufer
		Erich S. Schnaufer Chief Financial Officer (duly authorized signatory and principal financial officer of the registrant)

Date: November 7, 2017