Sadot Group Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2019

For the transition period from          to        

Commission file number: 000-55918

MUSCLE MAKER, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (682)-708-8250

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act): Yes [  ] No [X]

As of November 19, 2019, there were 11,836,425 shares of common stock outstanding.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

UNAUDITED

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

(Unaudited)

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 – BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS, GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLANS

Muscle Maker, Inc. (“MMI”), a former subsidiary of American Restaurant Holdings (“ARH” or “Former Parent”) was incorporated in California on December 8, 2014 and was a majority owner of Muscle Maker Brands, LLC, (“MMB”). MMB’s subsidiaries included Company owned restaurants as well as Custom Technology, Inc., (“CTI”) a technology and point of sale (“POS”) systems dealer and technology consultant. MMB was formed on December 22, 2014 in the State of California for the purpose of acquiring and operating company owned restaurants, as well as franchising its name and business system to qualified franchisees. Muscle Maker Franchising, LLC (“MMF”) was founded in 1995 in order to develop a brand of healthy-option fast food restaurants.

On January 23, 2015 (the “Closing Date”), MMI, MMB and MMF entered into an agreement whereby MMB purchased substantially all of the assets and liabilities of MMF, MMI acquired 74% of the membership units of MMB, and certain members of MMF acquired 26% of the membership units of MMB.

On March 23, 2017, ARH authorized and facilitated the distribution of 5,536,308 shares of Common Stock of MMI held by American Restaurants, LLC, the wholly owned subsidiary of ARH, to the shareholders of the Former Parent (the “Spin-Off”). As a result of the Spin-Off on March 23, 2017, ARH is no longer a majority owner of MMI.

On June 8, 2017, MMB converted from a limited liability company into a California corporation named Muscle Maker Brands Conversion, Inc. (“MMBC”).

On July 18, 2017, MMI formed Muscle Maker Development, LLC (“Muscle Maker Development”) in the State of Nevada for the purpose of running our existing franchise operations and continuing to franchise the Muscle Maker Grill name and business system to qualified franchisees. Muscle Maker Development issued 1,000 membership units to its sole member and manager, MMI. MMB assigned all the existing franchise agreements to Muscle Maker Development (“Assignment and Assumption Agreement”) pursuant to the terms of that certain Assignment and Assumption Agreement, dated August 25, 2017, among MMI, MMB and Muscle Maker Development.

On July 18, 2017, MMI formed Muscle Maker Corp., LLC (“Muscle Maker Corp.”) in the State of Nevada for the purpose of developing new corporate stores and operating new and existing corporate stores of MMI. Muscle Maker Corp. issued 1,000 membership units to its sole member and manager, MMI and MMI assigned all the existing corporate stores to Muscle Maker Corp.

On September 15, 2017 (“Effective Merger Date”), pursuant to an Agreement of Merger, MMBC was merged (“Merger”) into MMI, with MMI as the surviving corporation, in a tax-free reorganization. Pursuant to the Merger, each share of common stock of MMBC (the “MMBC Common Stock”) owned by the members of MMF was converted into 796 shares of common stock of MMI, resulting in aggregate consideration of 1,550,964 shares of common stock of MMI to the members of MMF. As a result of the Merger, MMI directly owned 70% of the shares of CTI.

On May 24, 2018, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement among John Guild, JohnG Solutions LLC and CTI in which the Company agreed to sell its 70% ownership in CTI for a total purchase price of $1.00.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 – BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS, GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S PLANS, continued

On March 14, 2019, MMI formed a wholly owned subsidiary, Muscle Maker USA, Inc. (“Muscle USA.”), in the State of Texas.

In November 2019, MMI formed Muscle Maker Inc., LLC (“MMI NV.”) in the state of Nevada. Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation filed in the state of Nevada, MMI NV has authorized capital stock consisting of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, with a $0.0001 par value per share.

On November 13, 2019, Muscle Maker, Inc., a California corporation, merged with and into its wholly owned subsidiary, Muscle Maker, Inc., a Nevada corporation, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger between Muscle Maker, Inc., a California corporation, and Muscle Maker, Inc., a Nevada corporation. Muscle Maker, Inc., a Nevada corporation, continued as the surviving entity of the migratory merger. Pursuant to the migratory merger, the Company changed its state of incorporation from California to Nevada and each share of its common stock converted into one share of common stock of the surviving entity in the migratory merger. No dissenters’ rights were exercised by any of the Company’s stockholders in connection with the migratory merger. All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect merger with a $0.0001 par value per share.

MMI and its subsidiaries is the “Company”.

The Company operates under the name Muscle Maker Grill and is a franchisor and owner operator of Muscle Maker Grill restaurants. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s restaurant system included eight company-owned restaurants, and thirty-one franchise restaurants. A Muscle Maker Grill restaurants offers quality food freshly prepared with the Company’s proprietary recipes created with the guest’s health in mind. The menu is protein based, and features various supplements, health food snacks, along with a nutritious children’s menu.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had a cash balance, a working capital deficiency and an accumulated deficit of $1,983,306, $5,484,122, and $29,777,110, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company incurred a pre-tax net loss of $2,348,829 and $5,374,914, respectively. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Although management believes that the Company has access to capital resources, there are no commitments, other than aforementioned, in place for new financing as of the date of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain funds on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. The Company expects to have ongoing needs for working capital in order to (a) fund operations; plus (b) expand operations by opening additional corporate-owned restaurants. To that end, the Company may be required to raise additional funds through equity or debt financing. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in securing additional capital. If the Company is unsuccessful, the Company may need to (a) initiate cost reductions; (b) forego business development opportunities; (c) seek extensions of time to fund its liabilities, or (d) seek protection from creditors.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 2 – REVERSE STOCK SPLIT

Effective January 31, 2018, pursuant to authority granted by the stockholders of the Company, the Company implemented a 3-for-4 reverse split of the Company’s issued common stock (the “Second Reverse Split”). All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Second Reverse Split for all periods presented.

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, such statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring items) which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company as of September 30, 2019, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. It is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in this filing. The balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiary. Any intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued

Use of Estimates, continued

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Convertible Instruments

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded as non-operating, non-cash income or expense for each reporting period at each balance sheet date. The Company reassesses the classification of its derivative instruments at each balance sheet date. If the classification changes as a result of events during the period, the contract is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. Embedded conversion options and any related freestanding instruments are recorded as a discount to the host instrument.

If the instrument is determined not to be a derivative liability, the Company then evaluates for the existence of a beneficial conversion feature by comparing the market price of the Company’s common stock as of the commitment date to the effective conversion price of the instrument.

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any derivative liabilities on its balance sheets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-02 and its impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260) Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815),” which addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance can be applied using a full or modified retrospective approach. The Company does not believe the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718),” (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for nonemployee share-based payments. Currently, the accounting requirements for nonemployee and employee share-based payment transactions are significantly different. ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. This ASU supersedes Subtopic 505-50, Equity — Equity-Based Payments to Nonemployees. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than a Company’s adoption date of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2018-07 and its impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-09, “Codification Improvements” (“ASU 2018-09”). These amendments provide clarifications and corrections to certain ASC subtopics including the following: Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income – Overall (Topic 220-10), Debt - Modifications and Extinguishments (Topic 470-50), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity – Overall (Topic 480-10), Compensation - Stock Compensation - Income Taxes (Topic 718-740), Business Combinations - Income Taxes (Topic 805-740), Derivatives and Hedging – Overall (Topic 815-10), and Fair Value Measurement – Overall (Topic 820-10). The majority of the amendments in ASU 2018-09 will be effective in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases” (“ASU 2018-10”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on certain aspects of the previously issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) and have the same effective and transition requirements as ASU 2016-02. Upon the effective date, ASU 2018-10 will supersede the current lease guidance in ASC Topic 840, Leases. Under the new guidance, lessees will be required to recognize for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases, a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis. Concurrently, lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. ASU 2018-10 is effective for emerging growth companies for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued

Recent Accounting Pronouncements, continued

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-11 related to transition relief on comparative reporting at adoption affect all entities with lease contracts that choose the additional transition method and separating components of a contract affect only lessors whose lease contracts qualify for the practical expedient. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 are effective for emerging growth companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

During the first quarter 2019, the Company adopted Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for revenue recognition related to contracts with customers and applied the guidance modified retrospectively. Under the new guidance, revenue is recognized in accordance with a five-step revenue model, as follows: (1) identifying the contract with the customer; (2) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determining the transaction price; (4) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (5) recognizing revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In applying this five-step model, we have made significant judgments in identifying the promised goods or services in our contracts with franchisees that are distinct, and which represent separate performance obligations. The change between Topic 605 and Topic 606, primarily impacted the way the Company recognized franchise fees. Under Topic 605 franchise fees were recognized upon opening of a restaurant or granting of a new franchise term while under Topic 606 franchise fees are recognizes on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. The impact of the adoption of Topic 606 resulted in an adjustment of $568,540 in retained earnings and deferred revenues.

Restaurant Sales

Retail store revenue at Company operated restaurants is recognized when payment is tendered at the point of sale, net of sales tax, discount and other sales related taxes. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $821,684 and $2,438,284 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded retail store revenues of $721,300 and $3,246,041 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

The Company sells gift cards which do not have an expiration date, and it does not deduct dormancy fees from outstanding gift card balances. The Company recognize revenues form gift cards as restaurant revenues once the Company performs obligation to provide food and beverage to the customer is satisfies upon redemption of the gift card.

Franchise Royalties and Fees

Franchise revenues consists of royalties, franchise fees and rebates. Royalties are based on a percentage of franchisee net sales revenue. The Company recognizes the royalties as the underlying sales occur. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $165,412 and $563,772 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded revenue from royalties of $244,820 and $736,384 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued

Franchise Royalties and Fees, continued

The Company provides the franchisees with management expertise, training, pre-opening assistance, and restaurant operating assistance in exchange for the multi-unit development fees and franchise fees. The Company capitalizes these fees upon collection from the franchisee, which then recognizes franchise fee revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the related franchise agreements and any exercised renewal periods. Cash payments are due upon the execution of the related franchise agreement. The Company’s performance obligation with respect to franchise fee revenues consists of a license to utilize the Company’s brand for a specified period of time, which is satisfied equally over the life of each franchise agreement. The Company recorded revenue from franchise fees of $16,132 and $342,649 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded revenue from franchise fees of $20,000 and $125,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has supply agreements with certain food and beverage vendors. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, rebates are provided to the Company based upon the dollar volume of purchases for all company-owned and franchised restaurants from these vendors. Rebates earned on purchases by franchise stores are recorded as revenue during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $71,200 and $220,120 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded revenue from rebates of $59,260 and $268,588 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which is included in franchise royalties and fees on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Rebates earned on purchases by Company owned stores are recorded as a reduction of cost of goods sold during the period in which the related food and beverage purchases are made.

Other Revenues

Through its subsidiary CTI which was sold in May 2018, the Company derived revenue from the sale of POS computer systems, cash registers and camera systems, and from the provision of related consulting and support services, which generally include implementation, installation and training services. The Company recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, delivery of the product or service has occurred, the fee was fixed or determinable and collectability was reasonably assured. The Company recorded $0 and $244,633, respectively, of revenues from these technology sales and services during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue primarily includes initial franchise fees received by the Company, which are being amortized over the life of the Company’s franchise agreements, as well as unearned vendor rebates and customer deposits received in connection with technology sales and services by CTI (see Note 10 – Deferred Revenue).

Customer deposits received for technology sales or services are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the sale is complete, or the service is performed.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued

Franchise Advertising Fund Contributions

Under the Company’s franchise agreements, the Company and its franchisees are required to contribute a certain percentage of revenues to a national advertising fund. The Company’s national advertising services are provided on a system-wide basis and, therefore, not considered distinct performance obligations for individual franchisees. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company recognizes these sales-based advertising contributions from franchisees as franchise revenue when the underlying franchisee sales occur. The Company records the related advertising expenses as incurred under general and administrative expenses. When an advertising contribution fund is over-spent at year end, advertising expenses will be reported on the condensed consolidated statement of operations in an amount that is greater than the revenue recorded for advertising contributions. Conversely, when an advertising contribution fund is under-spent at a period end, the Company will accrue advertising costs up to advertising contributions recorded in revenue. The Company recorded contributions from franchisees of $39,030 and $116,423, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, which is included in franchise advertising fund contributions on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Impacts on Financial Statements

The following table summarized the impact of the adoption of the new revenue standard on the Company’s previously reported consolidated financial statements:

Advertising

Advertising costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $14,624 and $18,237 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and approximately $3,638 and $23,237 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Net Loss per Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus the impact of potential common shares, if dilutive, resulting from the exercise of warrants.

The following securities are excluded from the calculation of weighted average diluted common shares at September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, continued

Net Loss per Share, continued

Major Vendor

The Company engages various vendors to distribute food products to their Company-owned restaurants. Purchases from the Company’s largest supplier totaled 75% and 81% of the Company’s purchases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Purchases from the Company’s largest supplier totaled 81% and 77% of the Company’s purchases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Controlling and Non-Controlling Interest

The profits and losses of CTI were allocated among the controlling interest and the CTI non-controlling interest in the same proportions as their membership interests from January 1, 2018 through May 24, 2018.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net loss.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation and transactions, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements, except as disclosed in Note 15 – Subsequent Events.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 4 – ACQUISITION

Midtown Acquisition

On August 22, 2019, the Company acquired a franchisee store in Midtown, New York, as a corporate store (the “Midtown Acquisition”). The purchase price of the store was $121,464, of which $35,116 related to equipment purchased and the remaining $86,348 was accounted for as goodwill. The Company paid cash of approximately $35,000 and also assumed a liability of approximately $86,000 which is recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

NOTE 5 - LOANS RECEIVABLE

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s loans receivable consists of the following:

During August 2019, the company advanced money to a former franchisee and issued a loan receivable in the amount of $60,186. The loan is payable in 120 monthly payments consisting of principal and interest of 12%, with the payments becoming due as of December 1, 2019.

Loans receivable includes loans to franchisees totaling, in the aggregate, $146,416 and $112,911, net of reserves for uncollectible loans of $55,000 and $55,000 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The loans have original terms ranging up to 10 years, earn interest at rates ranging from 2% to 12%, and are being repaid on a weekly or monthly basis.

NOTE 6 – LOAN RECEIVABLE FROM RELATED PARTY

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s loan receivable from related party consisted of the following:

NOTE 7 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018 property and equipment consists of the following:

Depreciation expense amounted to $42,950 and $142,914 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Depreciation expense amounted to $31,580 and $95,526 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

The Company’s intangible assets include a trademark with an indefinite useful life as well as franchise agreements and a non-compete agreement, which are amortized over useful lives of thirteen years and five years, respectively.

A summary of the intangible assets is presented below:

Amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $16,083 and $47,723 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Amortization expense related to intangible assets amounted to $16,083 and $50,089 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

NOTE 9 – ACCOUNTS PAYABLES AND ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accounts payables and accrued expenses consist of the following:

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 10 – DEFERRED REVENUE

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, deferred revenue consists of the following:

NOTE 11 – OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

NOTE 12 – NOTES PAYABLE

Convertible Notes

15% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes

From January 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019, the Company entered into Securities Purchase Agreements (“SPA”) with several accredited investors (the “Investors”) providing for the sale by the Company to the investors of 15% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (the “SPA Notes”) in the aggregate amount of $2,973,000, of which a $100,000 was to related parties. The SPA Notes bear interest at 15% per annum paid quarterly and mature 18 months from issuance.

As amended on April 10, 2019, the Investors may elect to convert all or part of the SPA Notes, plus accrued interest, at any time into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $1.00 (the “Fixed Conversion Price”); provided, however, in the event the per share price of a public offering multiplied by twenty five percent (25%) at the time of the listing of the shares of common stock on an exchange (the “Listing Event”) is less than $1.00 (the “Discounted Public Offering Price”) then the conversion price shall be reset to equal the Discounted Public Offering Price. In the event the Investors are required to execute a Lock Up Agreement concurrent with a public offering at the time of the Listing Event, then the Fixed Conversion Price shall be 17.5% of the per share offering price paid by the investors in the public offering in conjunction with an uplisting to a national exchange.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 – NOTES PAYABLE, continued

Convertible Notes, continued

15% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes, continued

In addition to the SPA Notes, the Investors also received warrants to purchase common stock of 1,486,500 shares of the Company (the “SPA Warrants”). The Investors are entitled to purchase a number of shares equal to 50% of the conversion shares of common stock of the Company. The SPA Warrants are exercisable for five years at an exercise price of $1.20. In the event the conversion price is adjusted as contemplated above, then the exercise price shall adjust to equal 120% of the adjusted conversion price. The Investors may exercise the SPA Warrants on a cashless basis.

The Company granted the Investors piggyback registration rights with respect to the shares of common stock underlying the SPA Notes and the SPA Warrants.

12% Secured Convertible Notes

During April 2019, Muscle USA entered into security purchase agreement (“April 2019 SPA”) with the several accredited investors (“April 2019 Investors”) providing for the sale by the Company to the investors of 12% secured convertible notes (“April 2019 Notes”) in the aggregate amount of $3,500,000 (the “April 2019 Offering”).

The April 2019 Notes bear interest at 12% per annum, paid quarterly, and mature 18 months from issuance. The April 2019 Investors may elect to convert all or part of the April 2019 Notes, plus accrued interest, at any time into shares of common stock of the Company at a conversion price of $2.00 per share (the “April 2019 Conversion Price”); provided, however, in the event the per share price of a public offering multiplied by fifty percent (50%) at the time of the Company listing on a national exchange (the “April 2019 Discounted Public Offering Price”) is less than $2.00 then the April 2019 Conversion Price shall be reset to equal the lesser of (i) April 2019 Discounted Public Offering Price or (ii) a price per share equal to a $20 million valuation.

In addition to the April 2019 Notes, the Investors also received 875,000 warrants to purchase common stock of the Company (the “April 2019 Warrants”) that entitle the holders to purchase a number of shares equal to 50% of the conversion shares of common stock of the Company. The April 2019 Warrants are exercisable for five years at an exercise price of 115% of the conversion price.

Upon the occurrence of the listing of the Company’s common stock on a national securities exchange, the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s stock, the sale or licensing of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or any combination of the foregoing, the entire unpaid and outstanding principal amount and any accrued interest thereon under the April 2019 Notes shall automatically convert in whole without any further action by the holders.

As long as the April 2019 Notes remain outstanding, the Company has agreed that, among other items, it will only use proceeds from the sale of the April 2019 Notes and exercise of the April 2019 Warrants for specific corporate purposes as set forth in the April 2019 SPA, will not incur or permit indebtedness or liens unless permitted and will not enter into variable priced transactions. The Company and the April 2019 Investors entered into Security and Pledge Agreements providing that the obligations to the April 2019 Investors are secured by substantially all of Muscle USA’s assets.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 12 – NOTES PAYABLE, continued

Convertible Notes, continued

12% Secured Convertible Notes, continued

The Company granted the April 2019 Investors piggyback registration rights with respect to the shares of common stock underlying the April 2019 Notes and the April 2019 Warrants.

Other Convertible Notes

On or about January 23, 2019, the Company and certain note holders, including related parties, agreed to extend the maturity date of the convertible notes payable, as amended and extended on or about August 2018, in the aggregate principal amount of $1,550,000, of which $400,000 was to related parties, to be upon the earlier of (a) January 24, 2020 or (b) the first day the company’s stock is publicly traded. All interest due and payable on the notes, shall be converted into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $1.00 per share.

During April 2019, the Company repaid convertible notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $150,000, of which $100,000 belong to related parties. In addition, the company issued 111,666 of the company’s common stock as payment for the interest incurred on the convertible notes payable repaid in the aggregate amount of $111,666.

In accordance with ASC 470-20 “Debt with Conversion and other Options”, the intrinsic value related to the convertible notes results in a beneficial conversion feature which is recorded as a debt discount with a corresponding credit to additional paid in capital. The relative fair value of the warrants at the date of grant is also recorded as a debt discount. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 the Company recorded aggregate debt discounts of $548,354 and $548,020, related to the warrants and the beneficial conversion feature, respectively, on the convertible notes and for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 the Company recorded aggregate debt discounts of $359,900 and $3,051,080, related to the warrants and the beneficial conversion feature, respectively, on the convertible notes, which were amortized over the expected terms of the respective notes.

Other Notes Payable

On or about January 23, 2019, the Company and certain note holders, including related parties, agreed to extend the maturity date of the notes payable, as amended and extended on or about August 2018, in the aggregate principal amount of $560,000 to be upon the earlier of (a) January 24, 2020 or (b) the first day the company’s stock is publicly traded. All interest due and payable on the notes, shall be converted into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $1.00 per share.

During April 2019, the Company repaid other notes payable in the aggregate principal amount of $560,000, of which $335,000 belong to related parties. In addition, the company issued 479,323 of the company’s common stock as payment for the interest incurred on the other notes payable repaid in the aggregate amount of $479,323.

On May 14, 2019, the Company issued a $91,000 promissory note to a related party. The note has a stated interest rate of 15% over the original term of one year with monthly interest payments. The note becomes due in one year or the first day the Company trades publicly on an exchange.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Employment Agreements

On May 1, 2018, the Company appointed Michael J. Roper as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of the Company and entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. Roper. During the term of the agreement, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $250,000 and will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity. Mr. Roper is also entitled to 100,000 shares of common stock of the Company that will be issued upon a Public offering of at least $3,000,000. In addition, Mr. Mohan resigned as Interim President of the Company.

On May 29, 2018, Ferdinand Groenewald, the Vice President of Finance, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer, notified the Company that he is resigning from his positions with the Company and its subsidiaries effective May 29, 2018.

On September 26, 2018, the Company rehired Ferdinand Groenewald as Chief Financial Officer of the Company and entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. Groenewald. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Groenewald will be employed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company for a period of two years unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the agreement. During the term of the agreement, Mr. Groenewald will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $150,000 and will be eligible for a discretionary performance cash bonuses which will include $10,000 upon completion of the audit for the year ended December 31, 2017 and $25,000 and up to 10,000 shares of common stock upon completion of a public offering of not less than $3 million together with listing on a national exchange (the “Public Offering”), which may be increased to 25,000 in the event $5 million is raised. Mr. Groenewald’s salary will increase to $175,000 upon closing of the Public Offering. Mr. Groenewald is also eligible to participate in employee benefits plans as the Company may institute from time to time that are available for full-time employees. In addition, pursuant to board approval, Mr. Groenewald is entitled to 110,000 shares of common stock of the Company that will be issued upon a Public Offering of at least $3,000,000.

On September 26, 2018, the Company appointed Kenneth Miller as Chief Operating Officer of the Company and entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. Miller. Pursuant to the agreement, Mr. Miller will be employed as Chief Operating Officer of the Company for a period of two years unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the agreement. During the term of the agreement, Mr. Miller will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $200,000, which will be increased to $275,000 upon successful closing of the Public Offering. Mr. Miller is also entitled to 100,000 shares of common stock of the Company that will be issued upon a Public offering of at least $3,000,000. Mr. Miller is eligible for a discretionary performance cash and equity bonuses which will include cash of $50,000 and 75,000 shares of common stock upon completion of the Public Offering, which may be increased to 125,000 shares in the event $5 million is raised. Mr. Miller is also eligible to participate in employee benefits plans as the Company may institute from time to time that are available for full-time employees.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES, continued

Employment Agreements, continued

On October 26, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Michael Roper, which replaced his employment agreement from May 2018. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Roper will continue to be employed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company for a period of two years unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The Employment Agreement will be automatically extended upon listing the Company on a national exchange and raising $3,000,000 (the “IPO”). During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Roper will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $250,000, which was increased to $275,000 upon achieving various milestones required by the Investors that participated in the September 2018 Offering and will be increased to $350,000 upon the Company completing the IPO. Mr. Roper will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash or equity, provided, however, no cash bonus will be paid until the closing of the IPO. Mr. Roper is entitled to $100,000 bonus upon closing of the IPO. Mr. Roper is also entitled to 100,000 shares of common stock of the Company that will be issued upon a Public offering of at least $3,000,000. In addition, pursuant to board approval on June 29, 2019, Mr. Roper is entitled to 250,000 shares of common stock of the Company that will be issued upon a Public Offering of at least $3,000,000. In the event the Company raises $3 million or $5 million upon completion of a public offering together with listing on a national exchange, then Mr. Roper will receive 150,000 restricted stock units or 250,000 restricted stock units, respectively. In addition, Mr. Roper will receive 100,000 restricted stock units upon the one- and two-year anniversaries of his employment.

On October 26, 2018, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Kevin Mohan. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Mohan will be engaged as Chief Investment Officer of the Company for a period of two years unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The Employment Agreement will be automatically extended upon the IPO. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Mohan will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $156,000, which will be increased to $175,000 upon the IPO. Mr. Mohan will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash following the closing of the IPO. Mr. Mohan is entitled to $50,000 bonus upon closing of the IPO. In the event the Company raises $3 million or $5 million, then Mr. Mohan will receive 100,000 restricted stock units or 200,000 restricted stock units, respectively. In addition, pursuant to board approval on June 29, 2019, Mr. Mohan is entitled to 250,000 shares of common stock of the Company that will be issued upon a Public Offering of at least $3,000,000.

On May 5, 2019, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with Rodney Silva. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Mr. Silva will be engaged as Vice President of Brand Development/Franchise Sales of the Company for a period of eighteen months unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the agreement. The Employment Agreement will be automatically extended upon the IPO. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Silva will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $150,000. Mr. Silva will be eligible for a discretionary performance bonus to be paid in cash following the closing of the IPO. Mr. Silva is also eligible to participate in employee benefits plans as the Company may institute from time to time that are available for full-time employees.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES, continued

Employment Agreements, continued

On May 6, 2019, the Company appointed Aimee Infante as Chief Marketing Officer of the Company and entered into an Employment Agreement with Ms. Infante. Pursuant to the Employment Agreement, Ms. Infante will be employed as Chief Marketing Officer of the Company for a period of two years unless earlier terminated pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement. During the term of the Employment Agreement, Ms. Infante will be entitled to a base salary at the annualized rate of $125,000, which will be increased to $150,000 upon the completion of a public offering of not less than $3 million together with listing on a national exchange (the “Public Offering”). Following the closing of the Public Offering, Ms. Infante will receive a one-time $10,000 cash bonus and will be entitled to an annual cash bonus based on 25% of her base salary subject to satisfying specific written criteria. The Company agreed to issue Ms. Infante 5,000 restricted stock units upon closing of the Public Offering, which may be increased to 10,000 restricted stock units if the Public Offering is in excess of $5 million. Ms. Infante is also eligible to participate in employee benefits plans as the Company may institute from time to time that are available for full-time employees.

Consulting Agreements

On September 12, 2018, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement with a professional business and financial expert to provide the Company financial and business advice including, but not limited, to discussing financing, potential business opportunities and potential acquisition. In addition, the consultant will help the Company select an underwriter to conduct an offering and will work with Company to prepare for the offering. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement the Company agreed to pay $140,000 in cash and to issue 250,000 restricted shares of the Company’s common stock on or before September 30, 2018. In addition, the Company agrees to pay the following additional fees (i) $70,000 in cash and 70,000 in restricted shares upon performance of the first milestones per the SPA, (ii) $70,000 in cash and 70,000 in restricted shares upon performance of the second milestones per the SPA and (iii)$150,000 in cash and 200,000 in restricted shares upon the completion of both the contract and the Company’s offering. As of September 30, 2019, the company issued an aggregate of 390,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the agreement, paid a $280,000 in cash pursuant to the terms of the agreement.

On May 24, 2019, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement with a project management group to assist with various financial matters, documentation and presentations as needed. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay $5,000 per month until the contract is cancelled by either party with written notice.

During July 2019, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2019, with an advisory group to provide strategic business services in connection with a future offering. The term of the agreement is for one year. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Company issued 290,000 restricted shares of common stock and agreed to pay a cash fee of $75,000 upon signing the agreement.

During July 2019, the Company entered into a Consulting Agreement with a consultant with a background in menu and recipe development to develop a new menu and recipes for a new healthy restaurant concept called Healthy Joe’s. The Company will issue an aggregate of 11,500 shares of common stock as payment pursuant to the terms of the agreement and reimburse the consultant for any out of pocket expenses in connection with the services provided pursuant to the agreement. As of September 30, 2019, the Company issued 3,500 shares to the consultant pursuant to the agreement.

Board Compensation

On July 16, 2019, the board of directors approved a board compensation plan that would compensate the board members for their deferred compensation for 2019, 2018 and 2017. The board members are eligible for cash compensation of $4,500 or $9,000 per year. To be paid as follows: (i) directors serving on the board during 2018 and 2017, will be granted shares is lieu of payment as the letter agreements set forth certain terms pursuant to which the directors will serve as directors of the Company.

In addition, on an ongoing basis pursuant to the approved board compensation plan each director will receive 10,000 shares of common stock per year for service as director, 1,300 shares of common stock per year for service on each committee and 1,000 shares of common stock per year for service as chair for such committee. The shares of common stock for committee service will be limited to two committees.

The Company will issue shares of common stock as follows, which shall be prorated for a partial year: (i) directors that served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2017 will each receive 5,000 shares of common stock, (ii) directors that served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2018 will each receive 10,000 shares of common stock and (iii) directors that served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2019 will each receive 10,000 shares of common stock.

As directors have not received compensation for services to date, the Company agreed to provide equity in lieu of cash compensation and equity compensation for services rendered during 2017, 2018 and 2019. For past director services in lieu of cash unpaid to date: (i) directors that served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2017 will each receive shares of common stock valued at $4,500 to be priced at the price per share of the Company’s public offering in connection with its uplisting (the “Uplisting Offering”), (ii) directors that served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2018 will each receive shares of common stock valued at $9,000, which shall be prorated for a partial year of service, to be priced at the price per share of the Uplisting Offering and (iii) directors that served as directors during the year ended December 31, 2019 through the date of the Uplisting Offering will each receive shares of common stock valued at $9,000, which shall be prorated for a partial year of service, to be priced at the price per share of the Uplisting Offering. Following the public offering, directors will be paid cash for the balance of 2019.

On August 5, 2019 the Company authorized the issuances of an aggregate of 119,046 shares of common stock, valued at a $1.00 per share, to the members of the board of directors. As of September 30, 2019 the Company accrued a total of $125,187 related to board compensation.

Litigations, Claims and Assessments

In 2017, Limestone Associates LLC (“Limestone”) filed a complaint against ARH in the Civil Court of the City of New York, County of New York, #78549/2017 for commercial non-payment of rent for the amount of $25,748 plus cost and disbursements of this proceeding. In May 2018, Limestone filed a complaint against ARH and Robert E. Morgan (the former CEO of the Company) in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, index # 154469 seeking $1,357,243 in damages for rent, interest and other expenses.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES, continued

Litigations, Claims and Assessments, continued

In May 2018, the Company, Former Parent and Mr. Morgan were listed as defendants to a lawsuit filed by Crownhall Realty, LLC (“Crownhall”) in the Supreme Court of the State of New York county of New York, #154467. Crownhall is seeking $1,034,087 in damages for rent, interest and other expenses.

On October 3, 2018, the Company, ARH and Mr. Morgan entered into a settlement agreement with Crownhall and Limestone agreeing to forfeit all security deposits, pay an upfront amount of $25,000 and an additional $175,000 to be paid over 20 months. This agreement settles litigation surrounding two closed locations, which the plaintiffs were seeking a total of $2,391,330 in past damages for rent, interest and other expenses. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

On March 27, 2018 a convertible note holder filed a complaint in the Iowa District Court for Polk County #CVCV056029 against the Company for failure to pay the remaining balance due on a promissory note in the amount of $100,000, together with interest, attorney fees and other costs of $171,035. On June 6, 2018 a default judgement was entered against the Company for the amount of $171,035. The Company repaid an aggregate amount of $71,035, consisting of principal and interest, as of the date of the filing of this report. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has accrued for the liability in convertible notes payable in the amount of $100,000 and accrued interest of $18,045 is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

In April 2018, the Company and Former Parent was listed as a defendant in a lawsuit filed by a landlord (“Former Landlord”) in the Superior Court of the State of California. The Former Landlord is seeking $531,594 in damages for rent, interest and other expenses. The original lease was for a 5-year period and commenced on or about September 30, 2015. On January 15, 2019, the Company and the Former Landlord entered a settlement and release agreement. Pursuant to the settlement the Company shall pay the amount of $531,594 as follows (i) first payment of $49,815, net of security deposit of $11,185, on or before January 23, 2019, (ii) second payment of $25,000 on or before February 28, 2019 and (iii) thereafter sixty-nine payments of $6,400 on or before the 15^th of each month beginning on March 15, 2019. Conditioned on the Company making twelve timely installment payments of $6,400, the Company would be released of the remaining liability pursuant to the judgement. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

On May 4, 2018, Stratford Road Partners, LLC (“Stratford”) filed suit against the Company’s subsidiary for non-payment of rent in the small Claims court in the State of North Carolina. Since then the property has been vacated and the landlord offered a settlement of $10,000 with no further lease obligation. On June 5, 2019 the Company signed the settlement agreement and made the payment to the landlord. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

In May 2018, Resolute Contractors, Inc., Quality Tile, MTL Construction, Genesis Electric, JNB Interiors and Captive Aire filed a Mechanics Lien for labor, service, equipment and materials in the total amount of $98,005. The Company intends to set up various payment plans with these vendors. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES, continued

Litigations, Claims and Assessments, continued

On December 12, 2018, the Company was listed as a defendant to a lawsuit filed by a landlord in the Superior Court of the State of California. Fountain Valley is seeking approximately $121,000 in damages for rent, interest and other expenses. On February 15, 2019, the Company entered into a settlement agreement and payment plan in the amount of $85,000. The Company agreed to make the following payments (i) $15,000 on or before March 15, 2019, and (ii) ten monthly installments of $7,000 commencing on April 15, 2019 and continuing monthly on the 15th day of each month though January 15, 2020. The company has accrued for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses and has been making repayments pursuant to the settlement agreement.

On January 18, 2019, the Company entered into an expense reimbursement agreement with an employee in connection with unreimbursed expenses incurred on behalf of the Company in the amount of $81,140 recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses as of March 31, 2019. The Company shall pay the employee as follows (a) $1,750 upon execution of the agreement, (b) $1,000 a week commencing on January 25, 2019 ending May 24, 2019, (c) a onetime payment of $40,000 on the earlier of March 31, 2019 or when the Company fully received the anticipated funding from the a tranche of the 15% Senior Secured Convertible Notes and (d) a onetime payment of $21,390 on the earlier of May 31, 2019 or when the Company has fully received the anticipated funding from the second tranche of the 15% Senior Secured Convertible Notes. As of September 30, 2019, the full amount has been repaid.

On or about March 7, 2019, the Company was listed as a defendant to a lawsuit filed by a contractor in the State of Texas. The contractor is claiming a breach of contract and is seeking approximately $32,809 in damages for services claimed to be rendered by the contractor. The Company is working with legal counsel in order to reach a settlement. As of September 30, 2019, the Company accrued $30,000 for the liability in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

On May 6, 2019, the Company entered into a commission’s payment agreement in the aggregate amount of $45,894 in connection with past due commission recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses as of March 31, 2019. The Company shall pay the employee the outstanding commission balance as follows (a) $10,894 upon execution of the agreement and (b) $7,000 per month for five months starting on May 31, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, the full amount has been repaid.

In the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in legal proceedings, claims and assessments arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, such matters are currently not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

The Company records legal costs associated with loss contingencies as incurred and accrues for all probable and estimable settlements.

Operating Lease

On August 1, 2019, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with a landlord in connection with the prior executive office in Houston, Texas as the Company vacated the property on April 30, 2018. The Company owed the landlord the sum of $58,522. The landlord agreed to accept $32,283 as full payment of the damages. Pursuant to the settlement we will make three equal payments of $10,761 with the first payment to be made on August 2, 2019, the second payment is to be made on September 1, 2019 and the final payment is to be made on October 1, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, the remaining unpaid amount of $10,761, is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Trademark

During July 2019 the Company filed an application to register a trade name and service mark for “Healthy Joe’s” that will be used in connection with the development and operating of potential Healthy Joe’s restaurants. If the trademark is approved, the Company will license the rights to use the Healthy Joe’s trademark and intellectual property to its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Muscle Maker Development and Muscle Maker Corp., and to further sublicense them to our franchisees for use in connection with Healthy Joe’s restaurants.

Taxes

The Company failed in certain instances in paying sales taxes collected from customers in specific states that impose a tax on sales of the Company’s products. The Company had accrued $224,717 and $297,160 which includes penalties and interest as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, related to this matter.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 14 – EQUITY

Common Stock

See Note 12 – Notes Payable – Convertible Notes, and Notes Payable – Other Notes Payable. See Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies – Board Compensation and Commitments and Contingencies – Consulting Agreements for details related to stock issuances for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Warrant Valuation

The Company has computed the fair value of warrants granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected term used for warrants issued to non-employees is the contractual life. The Company is utilizing an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time, equivalent to the expected life of the instrument being valued, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry. The risk-free interest rate was determined from the implied yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with a remaining term consistent with the expected term of the instrument being valued.

Restricted Common Stock

At September 30, 2019, the unamortized value of the restricted common stock was $101,265. The unamortized amount will be expensed over a weighted average period of 1.26 years. A summary of the activity related to the restricted common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is presented below:

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation related to restricted stock issued to employees, directors and consultants amounted to $431,631 and $613,333 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, of which $429,315 and $611,191 was recorded in general and administrative expenses and $2,316 and $2,142 was recorded in labor expense within restaurant operating expenses. Stock-based compensation related to restricted stock issued to employees, directors and consultants amounted to $33,876 and $350,100 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, of which $33,102 and $347,779 was recorded in general and administrative expenses and $774 and $2,321 was recorded in labor expense within restaurant operating expenses.

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 14 – EQUITY, continued

Warrants

A summary of warrants activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is presented below:

The grant date fair value of warrants granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was determined on the date of issuance using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: expected volatility, dividend rate, risk free interest rate and the expected life. The Company calculates the expected volatility using the historical volatility of comparable companies over the most recent period equal to the expected term and evaluates the extent to which available information indicates that future volatility may differ from historical volatility. The expected dividend rate is zero as the Company does not expect to pay or declare any cash dividends on common stock. The risk-free rates for the expected terms of the stock options are based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The Company has not experienced significant exercise activity on stock options. Due to the lack of historical information, the Company determined the expected term of its stock option awards issued using the simplified method. In applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the Company used the following assumptions:

MUSCLE MAKER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 15 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Acquisition of Bronx

On October 10, 2019, the Company acquired a former franchisee location in the Bronx, New York, as a corporate store (the “Bronx Acquisition”). The purchase price of the store was $600,000, of which $30,000 related to equipment purchased and the remaining $570,000 was accounted for as goodwill. The purchase price is payable as follows: $300,000 that was paid at closing and the remaining $300,000 is payable pursuant to a five year promissory note with an eight percent interest rate.

Board Compensation

On October 19, 2019 the Company authorized the issuances of an aggregate of 26,242 share of common stock to the members of the board of directors.

The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of Muscle Maker, Inc. (“Muscle Maker”), together with its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes to those financial statements that are included elsewhere in Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to “us,” “we,” “our,” and similar terms refer to Muscle Maker. “Muscle Maker Grill” refers to the name under which our corporate and franchised restaurants do business. This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the federal securities laws. The events described in forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report may not occur. Generally, these statements relate to business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits or other consequences of our plans or strategies, projected or anticipated benefits from acquisitions to be made by us, or projections involving anticipated revenues, earnings or other aspects of our operating results. The words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “forecast,” “model,” “proposal,” “should,” “may,” “intend,” “estimate,” and “continue,” and their opposites and similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to a number of uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which are beyond our control, which may influence the accuracy of the statements and the projections upon which the statements are based. Reference is made to “Factors That May Affect Future Results and Financial Condition” in this Item 1A for a discussion of some of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

OVERVIEW

We operate under the name Muscle Maker Grill as a franchisor and owner-operator of Muscle Maker Grill restaurants. As of September 30, 2019, our restaurant system included eight Company-owned restaurants and thirty-one franchised restaurants.

Muscle Maker Grill is a fast-casual restaurant concept that specializes in preparing healthy-inspired, high-quality, fresh, made-to-order lean, protein-based meals featuring chicken, seafood, pasta, burgers, wraps and flat breads. In addition, we feature freshly prepared entrée salads and an appealing selection of sides, protein shakes and fruit smoothies. We operate in the approximately $47 billion fast casual restaurant segment, which we believe has created significant recent disruption in the restaurant industry and is rapidly gaining market share from adjacent restaurant segments, resulting in significant growth opportunities for healthier restaurant concepts such as Muscle Maker Grill.

We believe our healthier restaurant concept delivers a highly differentiated customer experience by combining the quality and hospitality that customers commonly associate with our full service and fast casual restaurant competitors with the convenience and value customers generally expect from traditional fast food restaurants. The foundation of our brand is based on our core values of quality, empowerment, respect, service and value.

As of September 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $29,777,110 and expect to continue to incur substantial operating and net losses for the foreseeable future. In its report on our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Availability of Additional Funds and Going Concern” and Note 1 – Business Organization and Nature of Operations, Going Concern and Management’s Plans to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information describing the circumstances that led to the inclusion of this explanatory paragraph.

Key Financial Definitions

Total Revenues

Our revenues are derived from three primary sources: company restaurant sales, franchise revenues and vendor rebates from Franchisees. Franchise revenues are comprised of franchise royalty revenues collected based on 5% of franchisee net sales and other franchise revenues which include initial and renewal franchisee fees. Vendor rebates are received based on volume purchases or services from franchise owned locations.

Food and Beverage Costs

Food and beverage costs include the direct costs associated with food, beverage and packaging of our menu items at company-operated restaurants partially offset by vendor rebates from company owned stores. The components of food, beverages and supplies are variable in nature, change with sales volume, are affected by menu mix and are subject to fluctuations in commodity costs. The current management team in place since May 2018 has the opinion that food and beverage costs for 2017 and 2018 are too high and has begun implementing multiple operational changes to lower food and paper costs.

Labor

Restaurant labor costs, including preopening labor, consists of company-operated restaurant-level management and hourly labor costs, including salaries, wages, payroll taxes, workers’ compensation expense, benefits and bonuses paid to our company-operated restaurant-level team members. Like other cost items, we expect restaurant labor costs at our company-operated restaurants to increase due to inflation and as our company restaurant revenues grows. Factors that influence labor costs include minimum wage and employer payroll tax legislation, mandated health care costs and operational productivity established by the management team. The current management team in place since May 2018 has the opinion that labor costs for 2017 and 2018 are too high and has begun implementing operational changes to lower restaurant level labor costs overall.

Rent

Restaurant rent, including preopening rental charges, consist of company-operated restaurant-level rental or lease payments applicable to executed rental or lease agreements. In many cases these rental payments may include payments for common area maintenance as well as property tax assessments. The current management team in place since May 2018 has the opinion that rent costs for 2017 and 2018 as a percentage of total restaurant sales are too high. Our rent strategy moving forward consists of a variable rent structure calculated on net sales of the restaurant. While this can have a negative effect on higher volume locations where we cannot leverage a fixed rent, it provides a downside protection for lower volume locations. While we cannot guarantee a favorable variable rent expense in all future leases, it is in our forecasts at an 8% average level.

Other restaurant operating expenses

Other restaurant operating expenses, including preopening operating expenses, consist of company-operated restaurant-level ancillary expenses not inclusive of food and beverage, labor and rent expense. These expenses are generally marketing, advertising, merchant and bank fees, utilities, leasehold and equipment repairs and maintenance. A portion of these costs are associated with third party delivery services such as Uber Eats, Grub Hub, DoorDash, Seamless, etc. The fees associated with these third-party delivery services can range up to 25% of the total order being delivered. Management believes delivery is a critical component of our business model and industry trends will continue to push consumers towards delivery. Our cost structure will need to be adjusted to reflect a different pricing model, portion sizes, menu offerings, etc to potentially offset these rising costs of delivery.

Other Expenses Incurred for Closed Locations

Other expenses incurred for closed locations consists of primarily of restaurant operating expenses incurred subsequent to store closures as the Company still has to certain obligations to vendors due to signed agreements.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization primarily consist of the depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of intangible assets.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include expenses associated with corporate and administrative functions that support our operations, including wages, benefits, travel expense, stock-based compensation expense, legal and professional fees, training, and other corporate costs. This expense item also includes national advertising and marketing campaigns to promote brand awareness which includes, but is not limited to, television, radio, social media, billboards, point-of-sale materials, sponsorships, and multi-media. We expect we will incur incremental general and administrative expenses as a result of this offering and as a public company. A certain portion of these expenses are related to the preparation of an initial stock offering and should be considered one-time expenses.

Other Income (Expense)

Other (expenses) income primarily consists of amortization of debt discounts on the convertible notes payable and interest expense related to convertible notes payable.

Income Taxes

Income taxes represent federal, state, and local current and deferred income tax expense.

Consolidated Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

The following table represents selected items in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

Revenues

Company total revenues totaled $1,113,458 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1,045,380 for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The 6.51% increase was primarily attributable to more stores generating restaurant sales, net of discounts in the current period compared to the prior period, partially offset by a decrease in franchise royalties and fees.

We generated restaurant sales, net of discounts, of $821,684 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $721,300, for the three months ended September 30, 2018. This represented an increase of $100,384, or 13.9%, which is primarily attributable to a higher corporate owned store count during the current period compared to the prior period.

Franchise royalties and fees for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $252,744 compared to $324,080, respectively. The $71,336 decrease is primarily attributable to lower royalty revenue from franchisees as there are fewer franchisee location during the current period as compared to the prior period due to store closures.

Franchise advertising fund contributions for the three months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $39,030.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Restaurant food and beverage costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $339,454, or 41.3%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $266,678, or 37.0%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $72,776 increase results primarily due a higher store count during the period as compared to the prior period as the Company opened and acquired more stores as compared to the prior period.

Restaurant labor for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $347,786, or 42.3%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $266,817, or 37.0%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $80,969 increase results primarily due a higher store count during the period as compared to the prior period as the Company opened and acquired more stores as compared to the prior period.

Restaurant rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $96,832, or 11.8%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $66,599, or 9.2%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively.

Other restaurant operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $113,292, or 13.8% as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $60,084, or 8.3% as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $53,208 increase is primarily due a higher store count during the period as compared to the prior period as the Company opened and acquired more stores as compared to the prior period.

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $59,033 and $47,663, respectively. The $11,370 increase is primarily attributable to depreciation expense related to additions of property and equipment compared to the prior periods.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $1,514,123, or 136% of total revenues, and $916,268, or 87.6% of total revenues, respectively. The $547,704 increase is primarily attributable to an increase in salaries of approximately $61,000, an increase in professional fees and consulting expenses of approximately $355,000 due to restricted stock issuance to consultants, an increase in bad debt expense of approximately $147,000 related to the forgiveness of royalties owed by a franchisee.

Loss from Operations

Our loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $1,396,092 or 125.4% of total revenues and $848,388 or 81.2% of total revenues, respectively. The increase of $547,704 in loss from operations is primarily attributable to an increase in total costs and expenses of approximately $382,000, partially offset by the increase in total revenues of approximately $68,000.

Other Expense, net

Other expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $952,737 and $3,136,048, respectively. The $656,568 decrease in expense was primarily attributable to an increase in amortization of debt discounts of $183,863 and an increase in interest expense incurred in connection with convertible and other notes payable of approximately $519,000, partially offset by an increase in other income, net of approximately $47,000 due to other income on settlements of accounts payables.

Net Loss

Our net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $1,204,361 to $2,348,829 as compared to $1,144,468 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, resulting from an increase in other expense as discussed above. Our net loss attributable to the controlling interest was $2,348,829 and $1,144,468 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

The following table represents selected items in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

Revenues

Company total revenues totaled $3,681,248 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4,620,646 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The 20.3% decrease was primarily attributable to store closures in the prior period therefore fewer stores generating revenues in the current period as compared to the prior period and due the sale of CTI during May 2018.

We generated restaurant sales, net of discounts, of $2,438,284 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3,246,041, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. This represented a decrease of $807,757, or 24.9%, which is primarily attributable to closures of corporate owned stores during the prior period as compared to the current period.

Franchise royalties and fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $1,126,541 compared to $1,129,972, respectively. The $3,431 decrease is primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $216,000 in recognition of deferred revenue for franchise agreements pursuant to adoption of the new revenue accounting standard, partially offset by a decrease in royalty income of approximately $173,000 as there are fewer franchise store location as compared to the prior period and a decrease of approximately $48,000 in vendor rebates due to fewer franchise owned stores in the current period as compared to the prior period.

Franchise advertising fund contributions for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $116,423.

Other revenues decreased from $244,633 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, representing a decrease of $244,633 or 100%. The decrease is attributed to the sale of CTI in May 2018.

Operating Costs and Expenses

Restaurant food and beverage costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $915,063, or 37.5 as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $1,193,908, or 36.8%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $278,845 decrease results primarily from various company owned store closures in the prior period compared to the current period.

Restaurant labor for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $966,020, or 39.6%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $1,383,941, or 42.6%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $417,921 decrease results primarily due to company owned store closures as compared to the current period.

Restaurant rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $283,667, or 11.8%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $537,588, or 16.6%, as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $174,640 decrease in rent expense is primarily due to the closure of company owned stores in the prior period compared to the current period.

Other restaurant operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $367,611, or 15.1% as a percentage of restaurant sales, and $621,312, or 19.1% as a percentage of restaurant sales, respectively. The $253,701 decrease is primarily due to store closures compared to the current period and improved efficiencies.

Cost of other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $0, or 0%, as a percentage of other revenues, and $114,388, or 46.8%, as a percentage of other revenues, respectively. The decrease is due to the sale of CTI in May 2018.

Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $190,637 and $145,615, respectively. The $45,022 increase is primarily attributable to depreciation expense related to additions of property and equipment compared to the prior periods.

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $3,584,698, or 97.4% of total revenues, and $3,713,743, or 77.1% of total revenues, respectively. The $129,045 decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease of approximately $137,000 in general and administrative CTI expenses due to the sale of CTI.

Loss from Operations

Our loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $2,770,390 or 75.3% of total revenues and $3,563,227 or 77.1% of total revenues, respectively. The decrease of $792,837 in loss from operations is primarily attributable to a decrease in total costs and expenses of approximately $1,732,235, partially offset by the decrease in total revenues of approximately $939,000 due to fewer corporate owned stores generating revenues in the current period as compared to the prior period.

Other Expense, net

Other expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $2,604,524 and $3,136,048, respectively. The $531,524 decrease in expense was primarily attributable to a decrease in amortization of debt discounts of approximately $568,000, a decrease due to the loss on sale of CTI of approximately $456,000 partially offset by an increase in interest expense of approximately $436,000 incurred in connection with the convertible notes and other notes payable.

Net Loss

Our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $1,359,344 to $5,374,914 as compared to $6,699,275 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, resulting from a decrease in loss of operations and total other expense, net, as discussed above. Our net loss attributable to our controlling interest was $5,374,914 and $6,697,204 (net of non-controlling interest of $2,071) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

We measure our liquidity in a number of ways, including the following:

Availability of Additional Funds and Going Concern

Based upon our working capital deficiency and accumulated deficit of $5,484,122 and $29,777,110, respectively, as of September 30, 2019, plus our use of $3,296,216 of cash in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we require additional equity and/or debt financing to continue our operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date of this filing.

Our principal source of liquidity to date has been provided by (i) investment from American Restaurant Holdings, a private equity restaurant group, (ii) loans and convertible loans from related and unrelated third parties and (iii) the sale of common stock through private placements. More specifically, American Restaurant Holdings has invested over $5 million in growth capital into the Company to date. Additionally, the Company has been funded through proceeds from the issuance of 15% Senior Secured Promissory Notes and 12% Secured Convertible Notes offer through various private offering in the aggregate amount of approximately $8,003,000 as of the date of filing of this report.

We expect to have ongoing needs for working capital in order to (a) fund operations; plus (b) expand operations by opening additional corporate-owned restaurants. To that end, we may be required to raise additional funds through equity or debt financing. However, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in securing additional capital. If we are unsuccessful, we may need to (a) initiate cost reductions; (b) forego business development opportunities; (c) seek extensions of time to fund our liabilities, or (d) seek protection from creditors.

In addition, if we are unable to generate adequate cash from operations, and if we are unable to find sources of funding, it may be necessary for us to sell one or more lines of business or all or a portion of our assets, enter into a business combination, or reduce or eliminate operations. These possibilities, to the extent available, may be on terms that result in significant dilution to our shareholders or that result in our shareholders losing all of their investment in our Company.

If we are able to raise additional capital, we do not know what the terms of any such capital raising would be. In addition, any future sale of our equity securities would dilute the ownership and control of your shares and could be at prices substantially below prices at which our shares currently trade. Our inability to raise capital could require us to significantly curtail or terminate our operations. We may seek to increase our cash reserves through the sale of additional equity or debt securities. The sale of convertible debt securities or additional equity securities could result in additional and potentially substantial dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations and liquidity. In addition, our ability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms is subject to a variety of uncertainties.

Our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this 10-Q document have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which contemplate our continuation as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The carrying amounts of assets and liabilities presented in the consolidated financial statements do not necessarily purport to represent realizable or settlement values. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustment that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Sources and Uses of Cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we used cash of $3,296,216 and $1,752,878, respectively, in operations. Our net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $5,374,914, adjusted for net non-cash items in the aggregate amount of $2,303,898 and $225,098 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. Our net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $6,699,275, adjusted for net non-cash items in the aggregate amount of $3,473,758, partially offset by $768,102 of net cash provided by changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $932,422, of which $864,451 was used to purchase property and equipment, $60,186 was used to issue a loan to a former franchisee and $35,116 was used to acquire a former franchisee location , partially offset by $27,331 of loans repayments by franchisees and a related party. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $12,148, of which $43,834 was used to purchase property and equipment and to issue loans to franchisees in the amount of $9,689, partially offset by $41,375 of loans repayments by franchisees and a related party.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $5,854,000 of which $191,000 proceeds from convertible notes, related party and notes payable from other related party and $6,373,000 proceeds from convertible notes to various parties, partially offset by repayments of various convertible notes, including a related party, of $150,000 and $560,000 of repayments of other notes payables, including related parties. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $1,530,226 of which $650,000 proceeds from convertible notes from other related parties, $384,000 proceeds from convertible notes to various parties, $460,000 proceeds from other notes payables, $85,576 net proceeds from initial public offering and $180,000 proceeds from the sale of restricted common stock, offset by $100,000 repayments of a convertible note payable, related party and $129,350 net repayments of advances to Former Parent.

Critical Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant estimates include:

Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed, and the effects of any material revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the period that they are determined to be necessary. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Intangible Assets

We account for recorded intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other”. In accordance with ASC 350, we do not amortize intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Our goodwill and trademarks are deemed to have indefinite lives, and accordingly are not amortized, but are evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more often whenever changes in facts and circumstances may indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) requires that goodwill be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets and liabilities to reporting units, assigning goodwill to reporting units, and determining the fair value. Significant judgment is required to estimate the fair value of reporting units which includes estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment.