SAGA COMMUNICATIONS INC - Quarter Report: 2006 June (Form 10-Q)

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-Q

 

 

 

Commission file number 1-11588

 

Saga Communications, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

(313) 886-7070
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ      No o.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

o Large accelerated filer     þ Accelerated filer     o Non-accelerated filer

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o     No þ.

 

The number of shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock, $.01 par value, and Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value, outstanding as of August 1, 2006 was 18,121,792 and 2,395,690, respectively.

 

INDEX

 

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

 

Note: The balance sheet at December 31, 2005 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements.

 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

 

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for annual financial statements.

 

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements include all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position as of June 30, 2006 and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005. Results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2006.

 

For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Saga Communications, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

Income Taxes

 

Our effective tax rate is higher than the federal statutory rate as a result of certain non-deductible depreciation and amortization expenses and the inclusion of state taxes in the income tax amount.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue from the sale of commercial broadcast time to advertisers is recognized when commercials are broadcast. Revenue is reported net of advertising agency commissions. Agency commissions, when applicable, are based on a stated percentage applied to gross billing.

 

Time Brokerage Agreements

 

We have entered into Time Brokerage Agreements (“TBAs”) in certain markets. In a typical TBA, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) licensee of a station makes available, for a fee, blocks of air time on its station to another party that supplies programming to be broadcast during that air time and sells their own commercial advertising announcements during the time periods specified. We account for TBA’s under SFAS 13, “Accounting for Leases” and related interpretations. Revenue and expenses related to TBAs are included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

Stock — Based Compensation

 

On January 1, 2006, we adopted the Revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 123, “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”). SFAS 123R addresses the accounting for share-based payment transactions in which a company receives employee services in exchange for either an equity instrument of the company (typically stock options) or liabilities that are based on the grant date fair value of the award. The statement eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions, as we formerly did, using the intrinsic value method as prescribed by Accounting Principles Board, or APB, Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and generally requires that such transactions be accounted for using a fair-value-based method and recognized as expenses in our consolidated statement of income.

 

We adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective transition method which requires the application of the accounting standard as of January 1, 2006. Our consolidated financial statements as of and for the first quarter of 2006 reflect the impact of adopting SFAS 123R. In accordance with the modified prospective

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

transition method, the consolidated financial statements for prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include the impact of SFAS 123R. See Note 7 “Stock-based Compensation” for further details.

 

Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the fair value of the portion of stock-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of income during the first quarter of 2006 included compensation expense for stock-based payment awards granted prior to, but not yet vested, as of January  1, 2006 based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the pro forma provisions of SFAS No. 148 (“SFAS 148”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure,” and compensation expense for the stock-based payment awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with SFAS 123R. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of income for the six months ended June 30, 2006 is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. In the pro forma information required under SFAS 148 for the periods prior to 2006, we accounted for forfeitures as they occurred.

 

 

On July 13, 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes and Related Implementation Issues” that provides guidance on the financial statement recognition, measurement, and presentation and disclosure of certain tax positions that a company has taken or expects to take on a tax return. Under FIN 48, financial statements should reflect expected future tax consequences of such positions presuming the taxing authorities have full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. FIN 48 also revises the disclosure requirements and is effective for the Company as of January 1, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating FIN 48 and its effect on the Company’s financial statements.

 

On June 1, 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections — a Replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3” (“SFAS 154”). SFAS 154 changes the requirements for the accounting and reporting of a change in accounting principle. SFAS 154 applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle, as well as to changes required by an accounting pronouncement that does not include specific transition provisions. SFAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The adoption of SFAS 154 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

 

Under SFAS No. 142 “Accounting for Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” (“SFAS 142”) goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized and are subject to annual, or more frequent if impairment indicators arise, impairment tests.

 

We consider FCC broadcast licenses to have indefinite lives. Factors that we considered in evaluating that the radio and television FCC licenses are indefinite-lived intangible assets under SFAS 142 include the following:

 

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

 

Based on the above, we believe cash flows from our radio and television licenses are expected to continue indefinitely.

 

Separable intangible assets that have finite lives are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method. Favorable lease agreements are amortized over the lives of the leases. Other intangibles are amortized over five to forty years.

 

 

The following summarizes information relating to the number of shares of our common stock issued in connection with stock transactions through June 30, 2006:

 

 

We have a Stock Buy-Back Program (the “Buy-Back Program”) to allow us to purchase up to $30,000,000 of our Class A Common Stock. From its inception in 1998 through June 30, 2006, we have repurchased 1,562,889 shares of our Class A Common Stock for approximately $23,500,000.

 

 

 

 

We actively seek and explore opportunities for expansion through the acquisition of additional broadcast properties. The consolidated statements of income include the operating results of the acquired stations from

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

their respective dates of acquisition. All acquisitions were accounted for as purchases and, accordingly, the total costs were allocated to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition dates. The excess of consideration paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill, which is deductible for tax purposes.

 

Pending Acquisitions

 

On January 21, 2004, we entered into agreements to acquire an FM radio station (WOXL-FM) serving the Asheville, North Carolina market, for approximately $8,000,000. We are currently providing programming to WOXL-FM under a Sub-Time Brokerage Agreement. This transaction is subject to the approval of the FCC and has been contested. We expect to close on the acquisitions when all required approvals are obtained.

 

On August 7, 2006, we acquired one FM radio station (WCTU-FM) serving the Tazwell, Tennessee market for approximately $650,000. This station has filed for FCC approval to relocate its tower to Weaverville, North Carolina (serving the Asheville, North Carolina market). When this relocation occurs, an additional $3,350,000 is due to the seller.

 

2005 Acquisitions

 

On November 22, 2005, we acquired one AM radio station (WVAX-AM) serving the Charlottesville, Virginia market for approximately $151,000.

 

Effective June 1, 2005, we acquired two FM and two AM radio stations (WQNY-FM, WYXL-FM, WNYY-AM and WHCU-AM) serving the Ithaca, New York market for approximately $13,610,000. We financed this transaction through funds generated from operations and additional borrowings of approximately $11,000,000 under our Credit Agreement and the re-issuance of approximately $2,602,000 of our Class A common stock.

 

Effective January 1, 2005, we acquired one AM and two FM radio stations (WINA-AM, WWWV-FM and WQMZ-FM) serving the Charlottesville, Virginia market for approximately $22,490,000, including approximately $1,986,000 of our Class A common stock. We financed this transaction through funds generated from operations and additional borrowings of approximately $19,750,000 under our Credit Agreement.

 

Effective January 1, 2005, we acquired one AM radio station (WISE-AM) serving the Asheville, North Carolina market for approximately $2,192,000.

 

Effective January 1, 2005 we acquired a low power television station (KXTS-LP) serving the Victoria, Texas market for approximately $268,000.

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet of 2006 and 2005 Acquisitions:

 

The following unaudited condensed balance sheets represent the estimated fair value assigned to the related assets and liabilities of the 2006 and 2005 acquisitions at their respective acquisition dates. In connection with the 2005 acquisitions, we issued Class A common stock of approximately $4,588,000. We had no acquisitions during the six months ended June 30, 2006.

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Saga Communications, Inc.

 

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet of 2006 and 2005 Acquisitions

 

 

Pro Forma Results of Operations for Acquisitions and Dispositions (Unaudited)

 

The following unaudited pro forma results of our operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 assume the 2005 acquisitions occurred as of January 1, 2005. There were no acquisitions during the six months ended June 30, 2006. The pro forma results give effect to certain adjustments, including depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, increased interest expense on acquisition debt and related income tax effects. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to indicate the results of operations which would actually have occurred had the combinations been in effect on the dates indicated or which may occur in the future.

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

 

 

Reconciliation of pro forma segment operating income to pro forma consolidated operating income:

 

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Reconciliation of pro forma segment operating income to pro forma consolidated operating income:

 

 

 

 

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

We have an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) for all eligible employees. Each quarter, an eligible employee may elect to withhold up to 10 percent of his or her compensation, up to a maximum of $5,000, to purchase shares of our stock at a price equal to 85% of the fair value of the stock as of the last day of such quarter. The ESPP will terminate on the earlier of the issuance of 1,562,500 shares pursuant to the ESPP or December 31, 2008. Approximately 13,454 and 13,330 shares were purchased under the ESPP during the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Our ESPP is deemed non-compensatory under the provisions of FAS 123R.

 

2005 Incentive Compensation Plan

 

On May 9, 2005, our stockholders approved the 2005 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2005 Plan”) which replaces our 2003 Stock Option Plan (the “2003 Plan”) as to future grants. The 2005 Plan extends through March 2015 and allows for the granting of restricted stock, restricted stock units, incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, and performance awards to officers and a selected number of employees. The number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the 2005 Plan may not exceed 500,000 shares of Class B Common Stock, 1,500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of which up to

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock may be issued pursuant to incentive stock options and 500,000 Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Class B Common Stock. Awards denominated in Class A Common Stock may be granted to any employee under the 2005 Plan. However, awards denominated in Class B Common Stock may only be granted to Edward K. Christian, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the holder of 100% of the outstanding Class B Common Stock of the Corporation. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan may be for terms not exceeding ten years from the date of grant and may not be exercised at a price which is less than 100% of the fair market value of shares at the date of grant.

 

2003 Stock Option Plan

 

In 2003, we adopted the 2003 Plan, upon expiration of our 1992 Stock Option Plan (the “1992 Plan”) in December 2002, pursuant to which our key employees, including directors who are employees, were eligible to receive grants of options to purchase our Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock. Options granted under the 2003 Plan were either incentive stock options (within the meaning of Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) or non-qualified options. Options for Class A Common Stock could be granted to any employee of the Corporation. Options for Class B Common Stock could only be granted to Edward K. Christian, President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board of Directors, and the holder of 100% of the outstanding Class B Common Stock of the Corporation. With the approval of the 2005 Plan, the 2003 Plan was terminated as to future grants, therefore the shares available for future grants under the 2003 Plan are no longer available.

 

1997 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan

 

In 1997, we adopted the 1997 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (the “Directors Plan”) pursuant to which our directors who are not our employees are eligible to receive options. Under the terms of the Directors Plan, on the last business day of January of each year during the term of the Directors Plan, in lieu of their directors’ retainer for the previous year, each eligible director shall automatically be granted an option to purchase that number of our shares of Class A Common Stock equal to the amount of the retainer divided by the fair market value of our Common Stock on the last trading day of the December immediately preceding the date of grant less $.01 per share. The option exercise price is $.01 per share. Options granted under the Directors Plan are non-qualified stock options, shall be immediately vested and become exercisable at the written election of the director. The options expire on the earlier of (i) 10 years from the date of grant or (ii) the March 16th following the calendar year in which they first become exercisable. This plan expires on May  12, 2007.

 

Impact of the adoption of the SFAS 123R

 

We adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective transition method beginning January 1, 2006. Accordingly, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2006, we recorded stock-based compensation expense for awards granted prior to, but not yet vested, as of January 1, 2006, as if the fair value method required for pro forma disclosure under SFAS 123 were in effect for expense recognition purposes, adjusted for estimated forfeitures. For stock-based awards granted after January 1, 2006, we have recognized compensation expense based on the estimated grant date fair value method using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For these awards, we have recognized compensation expense using a straight-line amortization method. As SFAS 123R requires that stock-based compensation expense be based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest, stock-based compensation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. When estimating forfeitures, we consider voluntary termination behaviors as well as trends of actual option forfeitures. The compensation expense recognized in corporate general and administrative expense of our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

approximately $204,000 and $328,000, respectively. The associated future income tax benefit recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were approximately $84,000 and $134,000, respectively.

 

We calculated the fair value of the each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following assumptions were used for each respective period:

 

 

The estimated expected volatility, expected term of options and estimated annual forfeiture rate were determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

 

The following summarizes the stock option transactions for the 2005, 2003 and 1992 Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2006:

 

 

The following summarizes the non-vested stock option transactions for the 2005, 2003 and 1992 Plans for the six months ended June 30, 2006:

 

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The following summarizes the restricted stock transactions for six months ended June 30, 2006:

 

 

For the six months ended June 30, 2006, we had approximately $153,000 of total compensation expense related to restricted stock-based arrangements.

 

The following summarizes the stock option transactions for the Directors Plans for the six month ended June 30, 2006:

 

 

Pro forma Information for Periods Prior to the Adoption of SFAS 123R

 

Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, we provided the disclosures required under SFAS No. 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosures.” Employee stock-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS 123R was not reflected in our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 for employee stock option awards as all options were granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Our ESPP was deemed non-compensatory under the provisions of APB No. 25. Forfeitures of awards were recognized as they occurred. Previously reported amounts have not been restated.

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

The pro forma information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

 

 

The fair value of our stock options was estimated as of the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and consistent with the requirements of SFAS 123: risk-free interest rate of 4.0%; a dividend yield of 0%; expected volatility of 30.1%; and a weighted average expected life of the options of 7 years, respectively.

 

 

In May 2006, we amended our current credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) to reduce the interest rate margin for LIBOR and the Agent bank’s base rate; to reduce the bank’s commitment fee percentage; to increase the total Revolving Commitments to $200,000,000; and to extend the maturity date of the Revolving Commitments to July 29, 2012. Interest rates under the Credit Agreement are payable, at our option, at alternatives equal to LIBOR at the reset date (5.375% at June 30, 2006) plus 0.75% to 1.25% (4.563% at December 31, 2005, plus 0.75% to 1.625%) or the Agent bank’s base rate plus 0% (0% to 0.375% at December 31, 2005). The spread over LIBOR and the base rate vary from time to time, depending upon our financial leverage. We also pay quarterly commitment fees of 0.25% to 0.375% per annum (0.375% to 0.625% per annum at December 31, 2005) on the unused portion of the Credit Agreement.

 

Our Credit Agreement is a $200,000,000 reducing revolving line of credit maturing on July 29, 2012. Our indebtedness under the Credit Agreement is secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of our assets and of our subsidiaries, by a pledge of our subsidiaries’ stock and by a guarantee of our subsidiaries. We have approximately $64,150,000 of unused borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement at June 30, 2006.

 

On March 31, 2008, the Revolving Commitments (as defined in the Credit Agreement) will be permanently reduced quarterly in amounts ranging from 3.125% to 12.5% of the total Revolving Commitments in effect on March 31, 2008. Any outstanding balance under the Credit Agreement will be due on the maturity date of July 29, 2012. In addition, the Revolving Commitments shall be further reduced by specified percentages of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the Credit Agreement) based on leverage ratios.

 

SAGA COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

 

Long term debt consisted of the following:

 

 

The impact of the Credit Agreement Amendment in May, 2006 on the future maturities of long-term debt at June 30, 2006 is as follows:

 

 

The Credit Agreement contains a number of financial covenants (all of which we were in compliance with at June 30, 2006) that, among other things, requires us to maintain specified financial ratios and impose certain limitations on us with respect to (i) the incurrence of additional indebtedness; (ii) acquisitions, except under specified conditions; (iii) the incurrence of additional liens, except those relating to capital leases and purchase money indebtedness; (iv) the disposition of assets; (v) the payment of cash dividends; and (vi) mergers, changes in business and management, investments and transactions with affiliates. The financial covenants become more restrictive over the life of the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement allows for the payment of dividends provided certain requirements are met.

 

 

We evaluate the operating performance of our markets individually. For purposes of business segment reporting, we have aligned operations with similar characteristics into two business segments: Radio and Television.

 

The Radio segment includes twenty-three markets, which includes all eighty-seven of our radio stations and five radio information networks. The Television segment includes three markets and consists of five television stations and four low power television (“LPTV”) stations. The Radio and Television segments derive their revenue from the sale of commercial broadcast inventory. The category “Corporate general and administrative” represents the income and expense not allocated to reportable segments.

 

 

 

 

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Saga Communications, Inc. and its subsidiaries contained elsewhere herein and the audited financial statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. The following discussion is presented on both a consolidated and segment basis. Corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense, other (income) expense, and income tax expense are managed on a consolidated basis and are, therefore, reflected only in our discussion of consolidated results.

 

Our discussion of the results of operations of our operating segments focuses on their operating income because we manage our operating segments primarily on their operating income. We evaluate the operating performance of our markets individually. For purposes of business segment reporting, we have aligned operations with similar characteristics into two business segments: Radio and Television. The Radio segment includes twenty-three markets, which includes all eighty-seven of our radio stations and five radio information networks. The Television segment includes three markets and consists of five television stations and four LPTV stations.

 

General

 

We are a broadcast company primarily engaged in acquiring, developing and operating radio and television stations. We actively seek and explore opportunities for expansion through the acquisition of additional broadcast properties. We review acquisition opportunities on an ongoing basis.

 

For additional information with respect to acquisitions, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

 

Radio Segment

 

In our radio segment our primary source of revenue is from the sale of advertising for broadcast on our stations. Depending on the format of a particular radio station, there are a predetermined number of advertisements available to be broadcast each hour.

 

Most advertising contracts are short-term, and generally run only for a few weeks. Most of our revenue is generated from local advertising, which is sold primarily by each radio markets’ sales staff. For the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, approximately 86% and 85%, respectively, of our gross radio segment revenue was from local advertising. To generate national advertising sales, we engage an independent advertising sales representative firm that specializes in national sales for each of our broadcast markets.

 

Our revenue varies throughout the year. Advertising expenditures, our primary source of revenue, generally have been lowest during the winter months, which include the first quarter of each year.

 

Our net operating revenue, and the resulting station operating expenses, and operating income varies from market to market based upon the related market’s rank or size which is based upon population and the available radio advertising revenue in that particular market.

 

Our financial results are dependent on a number of factors, the most significant of which is our ability to generate advertising revenue through rates charged to advertisers. The rates a station is able to charge are, in large part, based on a station’s ability to attract audiences in the demographic groups targeted by its advertisers. In a number of our markets this is measured by periodic reports generated by independent national rating services. In the remainder of our markets it is measured by the results advertisers obtain through the actual running of an advertising schedule. Advertisers measure these results based on increased demand for their goods or services and/or actual revenues generated from such demand. Various factors affect the rate a station can charge, including the general strength of the local and national economies, population growth, ability to provide popular programming, local market competition, target marketing capability of radio compared to other advertising media and signal strength. Because reaching a large and demographically attractive audience is crucial to a station’s financial success, we endeavor to develop strong listener loyalty. When we acquire and/or begin to operate a station or group of stations we generally increase programming

and advertising and promotion expenses to increase our share of our target demographic audience. Our strategy sometimes requires levels of spending commensurate with the revenue levels we plan on achieving in two to five years. During periods of economic downturns, or when the level of advertising spending is flat or down across the industry, this strategy may result in the appearance that our cost of operations are increasing at a faster rate than our growth in revenues, until such time as we achieve our targeted levels of revenue for the acquired station or group of stations.

 

The number of advertisements that can be broadcast without jeopardizing listening levels (and the resulting ratings) is limited in part by the format of a particular radio station. Our stations strive to maximize revenue by constantly managing the number of commercials available for sale and adjusting prices based upon local market conditions and ratings. While there may be shifts from time to time in the number of advertisements broadcast during a particular time of the day, the total number of advertisements broadcast on a particular station generally does not vary significantly from year to year. Any change in our revenue, with the exception of those instances where stations are acquired or sold, is generally the result of inventory sell out ratios and pricing adjustments, which are made to ensure that the station efficiently utilizes available inventory.

 

Our radio stations employ a variety of programming formats. We periodically perform market research, including music evaluations, focus groups and strategic vulnerability studies. Our stations also employ audience promotions to further develop and secure a loyal following. We believe that the diversification of formats on our radio stations helps to insulate us from the effects of changes in musical tastes of the public on any particular format.

 

The primary operating expenses involved in owning and operating radio stations are employee salaries, depreciation, programming expenses, solicitation of advertising, and promotion expenses.

 

During the six month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 and the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, our Columbus, Ohio; Manchester, New Hampshire; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and Norfolk, Virginia markets when combined, represented approximately 71%, 77%, 75% and 73%, respectively, of our consolidated operating income. An adverse change in any of these radio markets or our relative market position in those markets could have a significant impact on our operating results as a whole. A decrease in the total available radio advertising dollars in the Columbus, Ohio market has resulted in a decline in our revenue and related operating income in our radio stations there. None of our television markets represented more than 15% or more of our consolidated operating income. The following tables describe the percentage of our consolidated operating income represented by each of these markets:

 

 

We utilize certain financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) to assess our financial performance. For example, we evaluate the performance of our markets based on “station operating income” (operating income plus corporate general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization). Station operating income is generally recognized by the broadcasting industry as a measure of performance, is used by analysts who report on the performance of the broadcasting industry and it serves as an indicator of the market value of a group of stations. In addition, we use it to evaluate individual stations, market-level performance, overall operations and as a primary measure for incentive based compensation of executives and other members of management. Station operating income is not necessarily indicative of amounts that may be available to us for

debt service requirements, other commitments, reinvestment or other discretionary uses. Station operating income is not a measure of liquidity or of performance in accordance with GAAP, and should be viewed as a supplement to, and not a substitute for our results of operations presented on a GAAP basis.

 

During the six month periods ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 and the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, the radio stations in our four largest markets when combined, represented approximately 47%, 51%, 48% and 52%, respectively, of our consolidated station operating income. The following tables describe the percentage of our consolidated station operating income represented by each of these markets:

 

 

 

 

Television Segment

 

In our television segment, our primary source of revenue is from the sale of advertising for broadcast on our stations. The number of advertisements available for broadcast on our television stations is limited by certain network affiliation and syndicated programming agreements and, with respect to children’s programs, federal regulation. Our television broadcasting segment local market managers only determine the number of advertisements to be broadcast hourly in locally produced programs which are comprised mainly of news programming and the occasional locally produced sports or information show.

 

Our net operating revenue, and the resulting station operating expenses, and operating income vary from market to market based upon the related market’s rank or size which is based upon population, the available television advertising revenue in that particular market, and the popularity of programming being broadcast.

 

Our financial results are dependent on a number of factors, the most significant of which is our ability to generate advertising revenue through rates charged to advertisers. The rates a station is able to charge are, in large part, based on a station’s ability to attract audiences in the demographic groups targeted by its advertisers, as measured principally by periodic reports by independent national rating services. Various factors affect the rate a station can charge, including the general strength of the local and national economies, population growth, ability to provide popular programming through locally produced news, sports and weather and as a result of syndication and network affiliation agreements, local market competition, the ability of television broadcasting to reach a mass appeal market compared to other advertising media, and signal strength including cable/satellite coverage, and government regulation and policies. Because audience ratings are crucial to a station’s financial success, we endeavor to develop strong viewer loyalty. When we acquire and/or begin operating a station or group of stations we generally increase programming expenses including local news, sports and weather programming, new syndicated programming, and advertising and promotion expenses to increase our viewership. Our strategy sometimes requires levels of spending commensurate with the revenue levels we plan on achieving in two to five years. During periods of economic downturns, or when the level of advertising spending is flat or down across the industry, this strategy may result in the appearance that our cost of operations are increasing at a faster rate than our growth in revenues, until such time as we achieve our targeted levels of revenue for the acquired/operated station or group of stations.

 

Our stations strive to maximize revenue by constantly adjusting prices for our commercial spots based upon local market conditions, demand for advertising and ratings. While there may be shifts from time to time in the number of advertisements broadcast during a particular time of the day, the total number of

advertisements broadcast on a particular station generally does not vary significantly from year to year. Any change in our revenue, with the exception of those instances where stations are acquired or sold, is generally the result of pricing adjustments, which are made to ensure that the station efficiently utilizes available inventory.

 

Because audience ratings in the local market are crucial to a station’s financial success, we endeavor to develop strong viewer loyalty by providing locally produced news, weather and sports programming. We believe that this emphasis on the local market provides us with the viewer loyalty we are trying to achieve.

 

Most of our revenue is generated from local advertising, which is sold primarily by each television markets’ sales staff. For the six months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005, approximately 81% and 80%, respectively, of our gross television revenue was from local advertising. To generate national advertising sales, we engage independent advertising sales representatives that specialize in national sales for each of our television markets.

 

Our revenue varies throughout the year. Advertising expenditures, our primary source of revenue, generally have been lowest during the winter months, which includes the first quarter of each year.

 

The primary operating expenses involved in owning and operating television stations are employee salaries including commissions, depreciation, programming expenses including news production and the cost of acquiring certain syndicated programming, solicitation of advertising, and promotion expenses.

 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2005

 

Results of Operations

 

The following tables summarize our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005.

 

Consolidated Results of Operations