SAIA INC - Quarter Report: 2018 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

OR

Commission file number: 0-49983

Saia, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(770) 232-5067

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

SAIA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Saia, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Saia, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Saia, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

(unaudited)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Saia, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Saia, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the Company or Saia).  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company without audit by the independent registered public accounting firm.  In the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows for the interim periods included herein have been made.  These interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information, the instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.  Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted from these statements.  The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  Operating results for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Business

The Company provides regional and interregional less-than-truckload (LTL) services across 40 states through a single integrated organization. While approximately 97 percent of its revenue is derived from transporting LTL shipments, the Company also offers customers a wide range of other value-added services, including non-asset truckload, expedited and logistics services throughout North America.  The Company’s customer base is diversified across numerous industries.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues are derived primarily from the transportation of freight as it satisfies performance obligations that arise from contracts with its customers, when collectability is considered probable.  The Company’s performance obligations arise when it receives a bill of lading (“BOL”) to transport a customer's commodities at negotiated prices contained in either a transportation services agreement or a publicly disclosed tariff rate.  Once a BOL is received, a legally-enforceable contract is formed whereby the parties are committed to perform and the rights of the parties, shipping terms and conditions, and payment terms have been identified. A customer may submit many BOLs for transportation services at various times throughout a service agreement term but each shipment represents a distinct service that is a separately identified performance obligation.

The average transit time to complete a shipment is between 1 to 3 days.  Payments for transportation services are normally billed after completion of the service and are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date.  The Company recognizes revenue related to the Company’s LTL, non-asset truckload and expedited services over the transit time of the shipment as it moves from origin to destination. Revenue for services started but not completed at the reporting date is allocated based on the relative transit time in each reporting period, with the portion allocated for services subsequent to the reporting date considered remaining performance obligations.

Key estimates included in the recognition and measurement of revenue and related accounts receivable are as follows:

Revenue related to interline transportation services that involve the services of another party, such as another LTL service provider, is reported on a net basis. The portion of the gross amount billed to customers that is remitted by the Company to another party is not reflected as revenue.  Revenue from logistics services is recognized as the services are provided.

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to future reporting periods for freight services started but not completed at the reporting date. This includes the unearned portion of billed and unbilled amounts for cancellable freight shipments in transit that the Company expects to recognize as revenue in the period subsequent to the reporting date, which is on average less than one week.  The Company has elected to apply the optional exemption in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606 as it pertains to additional quantitative disclosures pertaining to remaining performance obligations.  

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Claims and Insurance Accruals

Claims and insurance accruals, both current and long-term, reflect the estimated cost of claims for workers’ compensation (discounted to present value), cargo loss and damage, and bodily injury and property damage not covered by insurance. These costs are included in claims and insurance expense, except for workers’ compensation, which is included in employees’ benefits expense. The liabilities for self-funded retention are included in claims and insurance reserves based on estimates of claims incurred. Liabilities for unsettled claims and claims incurred but not yet reported are actuarially determined with respect to workers’ compensation claims and with respect to all other liabilities, estimated based on management’s evaluation of the nature and severity of individual claims and past experience.

Risk retention amounts per occurrence during the three years ended December 31, 2017, were as follows:

Effective March 1, 2018, the Company entered into a new auto liability policy with a three-year term. The risk retention amount per occurrence remains at $2.0 million under the new policy. The policy includes a limit for a single loss of $8.0 million, an aggregate loss limit of $24.0 million for each policy year, and a $48.0 million aggregate loss limit for the 36 month term ended March 1, 2021. The policy includes a returnable premium of up to $5.2 million, to be adjusted by the insurer for changes in claims, and a provision to extend the term of the policy for one additional 12 month period, if management and the insurer mutually agree to commute the policy for the first 12 months of the policy term. A decision with respect to commutation of the first 12 months of the policy cannot be made before March 1, 2019. The policy also includes a returnable premium of up to $15.6 million, to be adjusted by the insurer for changes in claims, if management and the insurer mutually agree to commute the policy for the entire 36 months. A decision with respect to commutation of the entire policy cannot be made before August 30, 2021, unless both the Company and the insurance carrier agree to a commutation prior to the end of the policy term. Additionally, the Company may be required to pay an additional premium of up to $11.0 million if paid losses are greater than $15.6 million over the three year policy period. Management cannot predict whether or not future claims or the development of existing claims will justify a commutation, and accordingly, no related amounts were recorded at June 30, 2018.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services. The ASU replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles when it became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. In-depth reviews of contracts were completed and changes to processes and internal controls to meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements were implemented.  The Company adopted the standard using the full retrospective transition method.

As a result of the adoption of this standard, the Company changed the presentation of its non-asset truckload business from net revenue to gross revenue and changed the method of recognizing that revenue from upon commencement of the services to over the transit time of the freight as it moves from origin to destination.

The Company has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.  The below tables reflect the effect of the adoption of this standard on the previously reported financial data.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet impact:

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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations impact:

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows impact:

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), a leasing standard for both lessees and lessors. Under its core principle, a lessee will recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all arrangements with terms longer than 12 months. Lessor accounting remains largely consistent with existing U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The standard permits the use of either a modified retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. While the Company has adopted a timeline for implementation and has selected a system to facilitate the adoption of the new standard, the Company has not yet completed its review of existing agreements using the new definition of a lease. Based on the Company’s current analysis, it believes the most significant changes relate to the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet.

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(2) Computation of Earnings Per Share

The calculation of basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2018, options and restricted stock for 45,150 and 61,233 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was anti-dilutive.  For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, options and restricted stock for 204,628 and 226,164 shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was anti-dilutive.

(3) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company pays its pro rata share of the cost of letters of credit outstanding for certain workers’ compensation claims incurred prior to March 1, 2000 that Saia’s former parent maintains for insurance programs. The Company’s pro rata share of these outstanding letters of credit was $1.8 million at June 30, 2018.

The Company is subject to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Management believes that adequate provisions for the resolution of all contingencies, claims and pending litigation have been made for probable and estimable losses and that the ultimate outcome of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition but could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations in a given quarter or annual period.

(4) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term debt approximated fair value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, because of the relatively short maturity of these instruments.  Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities, the estimated fair value of total debt at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $154.0 million and $132.3 million, respectively, based upon levels one and two in the fair value hierarchy.  The carrying value of the debt was $155.0 million and $132.9 million at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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(5) Debt and Financing Arrangements

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

The Company’s liquidity needs arise primarily from capital investment in new equipment, land and structures, information technology and letters of credit required under insurance programs, as well as funding working capital requirements.

The Company is party to a revolving credit agreement with a group of banks to fund capital investments, letters of credit and working capital needs.

Restated Credit Agreement

The Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 6, 2015 (the Restated Credit Agreement) is a revolving credit facility for up to $250 million expiring in March 2020. The Restated Credit Agreement also has an accordion feature that allows for an additional $75 million availability, subject to lender approval.  The Restated Credit Agreement provides for a LIBOR rate margin range from 112.5 basis points to 225 basis points, base rate margins from minus 12.5 basis points to plus 50 basis points, an unused portion fee from 20 basis points to 30 basis points and letter of credit fees from 112.5 basis points to 225 basis points, in each case based on the Company’s leverage ratio.

Under the Restated Credit Agreement, the Company must maintain certain financial covenants including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio, among others.  The Restated Credit Agreement also provides for a pledge by the Company of certain land and structures, certain tractors, trailers and other personal property and accounts receivable, to secure indebtedness under the Restated Credit Agreement.

At June 30, 2018, the Company had borrowings of $50.0 million and outstanding letters of credit of $27.7 million under the Restated Credit Agreement.  At December 31, 2017, the Company had borrowings of $43.0 million and outstanding letters of credit of $33.9 million under the Restated Credit Agreement.  The available portion of the Restated Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures, working capital and letter of credit requirements as needed.

Restated Master Shelf Agreement

In 2002, the Company issued $100 million in Senior Notes under a $125 million (amended to $150 million in April 2005) Master Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates.  The Company issued an additional $25 million in Senior Notes on November 30, 2007 and $25 million in Senior Notes on January 31, 2008 under the same Master Shelf Agreement.  Upon maturity in December 2017, the Company paid off the outstanding balance of the Senior Notes.

Capital Leases

The Company is obligated under capital leases with seven year terms covering revenue equipment totaling $105.0 million and $89.9 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  Amortization of assets held under the capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.  The weighted average interest rates for the capital leases at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were 3.33 percent and 3.07 percent, respectively.

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Principal Maturities of Long-Term Debt

The principal maturities of long-term debt, including interest on capital leases, for the next five years (in thousands) are as follows:

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and our 2017 audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  Those consolidated financial statements include additional information about our significant accounting policies, practices and the transactions that underlie our financial results.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) encourages companies to disclose forward-looking information so that investors can better understand the future prospects of a company and make informed investment decisions.  This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains these types of statements, which are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “believe,” “should” and similar words or expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  Investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.  All forward-looking statements reflect the present expectation of future events of our management as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are subject to a number of important factors, risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in any forward-looking statements.  These factors, risks, uncertainties and assumptions include, but are not limited to, the following:

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These factors and risks are described in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as updated by Part II, Item 1A. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

As a result of these and other factors, no assurance can be given as to our future results and achievements.  Accordingly, a forward-looking statement is neither a prediction nor a guarantee of future events or circumstances and those future events or circumstances may not occur.  You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q.  We are under no obligation, and we expressly disclaim any obligation, to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Executive Overview

The Company’s business is highly correlated to non-service sectors of the general economy.  The Company’s strategy is to improve profitability by increasing yield while also increasing volumes to build density in existing geography and to expand our service geography into the Northeastern United States.  The Company’s business is both labor and capital intensive.  The Company maintains competitive compensation, benefits and training programs to minimize turnover while supporting its value proposition.  The Company’s business requires continual investment in safe, reliable and efficient equipment and the acquisition of terminal assets. These investments along with on-going investments in technology and analytics are designed to optimize the network while meeting and exceeding customers’ standards of service.  These investments coupled with targeted sales and marketing efforts provide the Company with a framework to improve profitability through pricing initiatives, effective cost management and volume growth.

The Company’s operating revenue increased by 17.7 percent in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.  The increase resulted primarily from increased shipments, tonnage, fuel surcharges, pricing actions and the timing of Good Friday.  Expansion into the Northeastern United States and the new Canadian marketing arrangement which began in the second quarter of 2017 were contributing factors in the increased shipments and tonnage in the second quarter of 2018.

Consolidated operating income was $41.6 million for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $29.7 million for the second quarter of 2017.  In the second quarter of 2018, LTL shipments and tonnage per workday were up 4.3 percent and 7.7 percent, respectively, versus the prior year quarter.  Diluted earnings per share were $1.15 in the second quarter of 2018, compared to diluted earnings per share of $0.68 in the prior year quarter, which was partially driven by the fact that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as discussed further in the Outlook section below, was not enacted until December 2017. The operating ratio (operating expenses divided by operating revenue) was 90.3 percent in the second quarter of 2018 compared to 91.9 percent in the second quarter of 2017.

The Company had $112.1 million in net cash provided by operating activities in the first six months of 2018 compared with $79.3 million in the same period last year.  The increase is primarily due to an increase in operating income, decreased income tax expense and working capital fluctuations.  The Company had net cash used in investing activities of $118.2 million during the first six months of 2018 compared to $126.4 million in the first six months of 2017, primarily as a result of the timing of capital expenditures for revenue equipment and real estate in the first six months of 2018.  The Company’s net cash provided by financing activities was $2.5 million in the first six months of 2018 compared to $46.0 million during the same period last year, primarily due to reduced borrowing (net of repayments) to fund capital expenditures.  The Company had $50.0 million in outstanding borrowings under its revolving credit agreement, outstanding letters of credit of $29.5 million and a cash and cash equivalents balance of $1.2 million at June 30, 2018.  The Company also had $105.0 million in obligations under capital leases at June 30, 2018.  The Company was in compliance with the debt covenants under its credit agreement at June 30, 2018.

General

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis describes the principal factors affecting the results of operations, liquidity and capital resources, as well as the critical accounting policies of Saia, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the Company or Saia).

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Saia is a transportation company headquartered in Johns Creek, Georgia that provides regional and interregional less-than-truckload (LTL) services across 40 states through a single integrated organization. While approximately 97 percent of its revenue is derived from transporting LTL shipments, the Company also offers customers a wide range of other value-added services, including non-asset truckload, expedited and logistics services throughout North America.

Our business is highly correlated to non-service sectors of the general economy.  Our business also is impacted by a number of other factors as discussed under “Forward Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” The key factors that affect our operating results are the volumes of shipments transported through our network, as measured by our average daily shipments and tonnage; the prices we obtain for our services, as measured by revenue per hundredweight (a measure of yield) and revenue per shipment; our ability to manage our cost structure for capital expenditures and operating expenses such as salaries, wages and benefits; purchased transportation; claims and insurance expense; fuel and maintenance; and our ability to match operating costs to shifting volume levels.

Results of Operations

Saia, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Selected Results of Operations and Operating Statistics

For the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

(unaudited)

Quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to Quarter ended June 30, 2017

Revenue and volume

Consolidated revenue for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 increased 17.7 percent to $428.7 million primarily as a result of increased tonnage, shipments, fuel surcharges, pricing actions and the timing of Good Friday.  Expansion into the Northeastern United States and the new Canadian marketing arrangement during the second quarter of 2017 were contributing factors in the continued increased shipments and tonnage in the second quarter of 2018.  Saia’s LTL revenue per hundredweight (a measure of yield) increased 9.6 percent to $16.44 per hundredweight for the second quarter of 2018 as a result of increased rates, fuel surcharges and length of haul.  For the second quarter of 2018, Saia’s LTL tonnage increased 7.7 percent per workday to 1.3 million tons, and LTL shipments increased 4.3 percent per workday to 1.9 million shipments.  For the second quarter of 2018, approximately 75 to 80 percent of Saia’s operating revenue was subject to specific customer price negotiations that occur throughout the year.  The remaining 20 to 25 percent of operating revenue was subject to a general rate increase which is based on market conditions.  For these customers subject to a

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general rate increase, on July 17, 2017 and May 21, 2018, Saia implemented a 4.9 percent and 5.9 percent general rate increase, respectively.  Competitive factors, customer turnover and mix changes, impact the extent to which customer rate increases are retained over time.

Operating revenue includes fuel surcharge revenue from the Company’s fuel surcharge program.  That program is designed to reduce the Company’s exposure to fluctuations in fuel prices by adjusting total freight charges to account for changes in the price of fuel.  The Company’s fuel surcharge is based on the average national price for diesel fuel and is reset weekly.  Fuel surcharges have remained in effect for several years, are widely accepted in the industry and are a significant component of revenue and pricing.  Fuel surcharges are an integral part of customer contract negotiations but represent only one portion of overall customer price negotiations as customers may negotiate increases in base rates instead of increases in fuel surcharges or vice versa. Fuel surcharge revenue increased to 13.8 percent of operating revenue for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 compared to 10.9 percent for the quarter ended June 30, 2017, as a result of increases in the cost of fuel.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, operating revenues were $821.5 million, up 19.5 percent from $687.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to increased tonnage, shipments, fuel surcharges and pricing actions.  Fuel surcharge revenue increased to 13.4 percent of operating revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to 10.9 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as a result of increased fuel prices.

Operating expenses and margin

Consolidated operating income was $41.6 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to $29.7 million in the prior year quarter.  Overall, the operations were favorably impacted in the second quarter of 2018 by higher tonnage, shipments, fuel surcharge and pricing actions, which were offset by salary and wage increases, higher fuel and purchased transportation costs, increased depreciation expense and costs associated with the Company’s geographic expansion.  The second quarter of 2018 operating ratio (operating expenses divided by operating revenue) was 90.3 percent compared to 91.9 percent for the same period in 2017.

Salaries, wages and benefits increased $24.0 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017 largely due to higher wages associated with increased headcount in the second quarter of 2018, a wage increase in July 2017 and higher healthcare benefit costs.  Fuel, operating expenses and supplies increased $18.7 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the prior year quarter largely due to higher fuel costs, increases in other operating expenses and supplies, including increased expenses related to the geographic expansion, partially offset by improved fuel efficiency resulting from a newer fleet.  During the second quarter of 2018, claims and insurance expense was $0.5 million lower than the previous year quarter primarily due to decreased accident frequency and severity, partially offset by increased cargo claims. The Company can experience volatility in accident expense as a result of its self-insurance structure and $2.0 million retention limits per occurrence.  Purchased transportation increased $5.5 million in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017 primarily due to increases in purchased transportation cost per mile and higher utilization of purchased transportation carriers to maintain service requirements while supporting increased shipments, tonnage and length of haul throughout the second quarter of 2018.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, consolidated operating income was $69.1 million, up 46.5 percent compared to $47.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Salaries, wages and benefits increased $54.2 million during the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period last year largely due to increased wages associated with increased headcount in the first six months of 2017, a wage increase in July 2017 and higher healthcare benefit costs. Fuel, operating expenses and supplies increased $33.5 million during the first six months of 2018 compared to the same period last year largely due to higher fuel costs, increases in other operating expenses and supplies, including increased expenses related to the geographic expansion.  During the first six months of 2018, claims and insurance expense was $0.6 million higher than the same period last year primarily due to increased cargo claims and increased development on older claims, partially offset by decreased accident frequency and severity. Purchased transportation increased $14.6 million compared to the first six months of 2017 primarily due to increases in purchased transportation cost per mile and higher utilization of purchased transportation carriers to maintain service requirements while supporting increased shipments, tonnage and length of haul throughout the first six months of 2018.

Other

Substantially all non-operating expenses represent interest expense. Interest expense in the second quarter of 2018 was $0.1 million lower than the second quarter of 2017 due to decreased average borrowings, partially offset by increased average interest rates in the second quarter of 2018.  Interest expense in the first six months of 2018 was $0.2 million higher than the first six months of 2017 due to increased average interest rates, partially offset by decreased average borrowings in the first six months of 2018.

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The effective tax rate was 24.8 percent and 37.4 percent for the quarters ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  The decrease in the second quarter tax rate in 2018 is primarily a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which reduced corporate tax rates effective January 1, 2018, as discussed further in the Outlook section below. 

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the effective tax rate was 22.9 percent compared to 35.0 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  The decrease in the six month tax rate in 2018 is primarily a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, as discussed further in the Outlook section below.  Additionally, the effective tax rate for the first six months of 2018 was also lower due to discrete impacts of legislation surrounding alternative fuel tax credits enacted in the first quarter of 2018 for the entire year of 2017, partially offset by reduced excess tax benefits from stock activity in the first six months of 2018 as compared to the first six months of 2017.  Alternative fuel tax credits have not been enacted for 2018.

Net income was $30.3 million, or $1.15 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2018 compared to net income of $17.6 million, or $0.68 per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2017.  Net income was $51.4 million, or $1.95 per diluted share, for the first six months of 2018 compared to net income of $29.0 million, or $1.12 per diluted share, for the first six months of 2017.

Working capital/capital expenditures

Working capital at June 30, 2018 was $27.1 million, which decreased from working capital at June 30, 2017 of $29.9 million.

Current assets at June 30, 2018 increased by $35.3 million as compared to June 30, 2017 and includes an increase in accounts receivable of $33.9 million.  Current liabilities increased by $38.1 million at June 30, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017 largely due to increases in accounts payable, accrued taxes, accrued wages, vacation and employee benefits and claims and insurance accruals.  Cash flows provided by operating activities were $112.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 versus $79.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $118.2 million versus $126.4 million in the same period last year, a $8.2 million decrease.  This decrease resulted primarily from lower capital expenditures for revenue equipment and real estate.  For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $2.5 million compared to $46.0 million during the same period last year, as a result of reduced borrowing (net of repayments) to fund capital expenditures.

Outlook

Our business remains highly correlated to non-service sectors of the general economy and competitive pricing pressures, as well as the success of Company-specific improvement initiatives.  There remains uncertainty as to the strength of economic conditions. We are continuing initiatives to increase yield, reduce costs and improve productivity.  We focus on providing top quality service and improving safety performance.  On May 21, 2018, Saia implemented a 5.9 percent general rate increase for customers comprising approximately 20 to 25 percent of Saia’s operating revenue.  The extent of the success of these revenue initiatives is impacted by what proves to be the underlying economic trends, competitor initiatives and other factors discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

With the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) in December 2017, the federal corporate income tax rate was reduced from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018.  The Act is unclear in many respects, including as it relates to executive compensation, and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementation regulations by the Treasury Department and Internal Revenue Service. In addition, it is uncertain how these federal income tax changes will affect state and local taxation, which often uses federal taxable income as a starting point for computing state and local tax liabilities. Accordingly, the Company has not yet been able to make a reasonable estimate of the impact of certain items and generally continues to account for those items based on the tax laws in effect prior to the Act. As further interpretations, clarifications and amendments to the Act are made, the Company's future financial statements could be materially impacted.  In all cases, the Company will continue to refine its calculations as additional analysis is completed.

The Company currently expects the effective tax rate for 2018 to be in the range of 24 percent to 25 percent.  The effective tax rate may vary from quarter to quarter due to unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items, the resolution of income tax audits, changes in tax laws, including alternative fuel tax credits, or the tax impact from employee share-based payments.  

Effective July 1, 2018, the Company implemented a market competitive salary and wage increase for all of its employees.  The cost of the compensation increase is expected to be approximately $19 million annually, and the Company anticipates the impact will be partially offset by productivity and efficiency gains.

If the Company builds market share, including through its geographic expansion, it expects numerous operating leverage cost benefits. Conversely, should the economy soften from present levels, the Company plans to match resources and capacity to shifting volume levels to lessen unfavorable operating leverage.  The success of cost improvement initiatives is also impacted by the cost and availability of drivers and purchased transportation, fuel, insurance claims, regulatory changes, successful expansion of our service

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geography into the Northeastern United States and other factors discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

See “Forward-Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a more complete discussion of potential risks and uncertainties that could materially affect our future performance.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2018

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services. The ASU replaced most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles when it became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. The Company adopted the standard using the retrospective transition method.

As a result of the adoption of this standard, the Company changed the presentation of its non-asset truckload business from net revenue to gross revenue and changed the method of recognizing that revenue from upon commencement of the services to over the transit time of the freight as it moves from origin to destination.  

The Company has consistently applied the accounting policies to all periods presented in these condensed consolidated financial statements.  Refer to Note 1 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details as to the impact of the adoption of this standard on previously issued financial information.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), a leasing standard for both lessees and lessors. Under its core principle, a lessee will recognize lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for all arrangements with terms longer than 12 months. Lessor accounting remains largely consistent with existing U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The standard permits the use of either a modified retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. While the Company has adopted a timeline for implementation and has selected a system to facilitate the adoption of the new standard, the Company has not yet completed its review of existing agreements using the new definition of a lease. Based on the Company’s current analysis, it believes the most significant changes relate to the recognition of lease assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet.

Financial Condition

The Company’s liquidity needs arise primarily from capital investment in new equipment, land and structures, information technology and letters of credit required under insurance programs, as well as funding working capital requirements.

Restated Credit Agreement

The Company is party to a Restated Credit Agreement with a group of banks to fund capital investments, letters of credit and working capital needs.  The Restated Credit Agreement is a revolving credit facility for up to $250 million expiring in March 2020. The Restated Credit Agreement also has an accordion feature that allows for an additional $75 million availability, subject to lender approval.  The Restated Credit Agreement provides for a LIBOR rate margin range from 112.5 basis points to 225 basis points, base rate margins from minus 12.5 basis points to plus 50 basis points, an unused portion fee from 20 basis points to 30 basis points and letter of credit fees from 112.5 basis points to 225 basis points, in each case based on the Company’s leverage ratio.

Under the Restated Credit Agreement, the Company must maintain certain financial covenants including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a maximum leverage ratio, among others.  The Restated Credit Agreement also provides for a pledge by the Company of certain land and structures, certain tractors, trailers and other personal property and accounts receivable, to secure indebtedness under the Restated Credit Agreement.

At June 30, 2018, the Company had borrowings of $50.0 million and outstanding letters of credit of $27.7 million under the Restated Credit Agreement.  At December 31, 2017, the Company had borrowings of $43.0 million and outstanding letters of credit of $33.9 million under the Restated Credit Agreement.  The available portion of the Restated Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures, working capital and letter of credit requirements as needed.

Restated Master Shelf Agreement

In 2002, the Company issued $100 million in Senior Notes under a $125 million (amended to $150 million in April 2005) Master Shelf Agreement with Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain of its affiliates.  The Company issued an additional $25

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million in Senior Notes on November 30, 2007 and $25 million in Senior Notes on January 31, 2008 under the same Master Shelf Agreement. Upon maturity in December 2017, the Company paid off the outstanding balance of the Senior Notes.

Capital Leases

The Company is obligated under capital leases with seven year terms covering revenue equipment totaling $105.0 million and $89.9 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  Amortization of assets held under the capital leases is included in depreciation and amortization expense.  The weighted average interest rates for the capital leases at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were 3.33 percent and 3.07 percent, respectively.

Other

The Company has historically generated cash flows from operations to fund a large portion of its capital expenditure requirements.  Cash flows from operating activities were $157.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, while net cash used in investing activities was $181.5 million.  Cash flows provided by operating activities were $112.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, $32.8 million higher than the first six months of the prior year. The increase is due to an increase in operating income, a decrease in income tax expense and working capital fluctuations.  The timing of capital expenditures can largely be managed around the seasonal working capital requirements of the Company.  The Company believes it has adequate sources of capital to meet short-term liquidity needs through its operating cash flows and availability under the Restated Credit Agreement. At June 30, 2018, the Company had $172.3 million in availability under the Restated Credit Agreement, subject to the Company’s satisfaction of existing debt covenants.  Future operating cash flows are primarily dependent upon the Company’s profitability and its ability to manage its working capital requirements, primarily accounts receivable, accounts payable and wage and benefit accruals.  The Company was in compliance with its debt covenants at June 30, 2018.

Net capital expenditures pertain primarily to investments in tractors and trailers and other revenue equipment, information technology, land and structures. Projected net capital expenditures for 2018 are approximately $265 million, inclusive of equipment acquired using capital leases. This represents an approximately $48 million increase from 2017 net capital expenditures of $217 million for property and equipment, inclusive of equipment acquired using capital leases. Projected 2018 capital expenditures include a normal replacement cycle of revenue equipment and technology investment for our operations. In addition, the Company is adding revenue equipment and real estate investments to support our growth initiatives. Net capital expenditures were $140.6 million in the first six months of 2018, inclusive of equipment acquired using capital leases. Approximately $95.7 million of the 2018 remaining capital budget was committed as of June 30, 2018.

In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, our operating leases are not recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet; however, the future minimum lease payments are included in the “Contractual Obligations” table below. See the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for additional information. In addition to the principal amounts disclosed in the tables below, the Company has interest obligations of approximately $3.1 million for the remainder of 2018 and decreasing for each year thereafter based on borrowings and commitments outstanding at June 30, 2018.

Contractual Obligations

The following tables set forth a summary of our contractual cash obligations and other commercial commitments as of June 30, 2018 (in millions):

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The Company has accrued approximately $1.0 million for uncertain tax positions and $0.1 million for interest and penalties related to the uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2018.  The Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of cash settlement with respective taxing authorities beyond one year and accordingly has not included the amounts within the above contractual cash obligations and other commercial commitment tables.

At June 30, 2018, the Company has $79.0 million in claims, insurance and other liabilities.  The Company cannot reasonably estimate the timing of cash settlement with respective adverse parties beyond one year and accordingly has not included the amounts within the above contractual cash obligations and other commercial commitment tables.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company makes estimates and assumptions in preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements that affect reported amounts and disclosures therein.  In the opinion of management, the accounting policies that generally have the most significant impact on the financial position and results of operations of the Company include:

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These accounting policies and others are described in further detail in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to adopt accounting policies and make significant judgments and estimates to develop amounts reflected and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. In many cases, there are alternative policies or estimation techniques that could be used. We maintain a thorough process to review the application of our accounting policies and to evaluate the appropriateness of the many estimates that are required to prepare the consolidated financial statements. However, even under optimal circumstances, estimates routinely require adjustment based on changing circumstances and the receipt of new or better information.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to a variety of market risks including the effects of interest rates and fuel prices.  The detail of the Company’s debt structure is more fully described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.  To help mitigate our risk to rising fuel prices, the Company has implemented a fuel surcharge program.  This program is well established within the industry and customer acceptance of fuel surcharges remains high.  Since the amount of fuel surcharge is based on average national fuel prices and is reset weekly, exposure of the Company to fuel price volatility is significantly reduced. However, the fuel surcharge may not fully offset fuel price fluctuations during periods of rapid increases or decreases in the price of fuel and is also subject to overall competitive pricing negotiations.

The following table provides information about the Company’s third-party financial instruments as of June 30, 2018.  The table presents principal cash flows (in millions) and related weighted average interest rates by contractual maturity dates.  The fair value of the variable and fixed rate debt (in millions) was estimated based upon levels one and two in the fair value hierarchy, respectively.  The fair value of capital leases is based on current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Quarterly Controls Evaluation and Related CEO and CFO Certifications

As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its “disclosure controls and procedures” (Disclosure Controls). The Disclosure Controls evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO).

Based upon the controls evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s Disclosure Controls are effective to ensure that information the Company is required

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to disclose in reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

During the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there were no changes in internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Attached as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are certifications of the CEO and the CFO, which are required in accordance with Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This Controls and Procedures section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications.

Definition of Disclosure Controls

Disclosure Controls are controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported timely. Disclosure Controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s Disclosure Controls include components of its internal control over financial reporting which consists of control processes designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Company’s financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

The Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that its Disclosure Controls or its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings — For a description of all material pending legal proceedings, see Note 3 “Commitments and Contingencies” of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risk Factors are described in Item 1A.  “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and there have been no material changes.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds —

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities—None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures—None

Item 5. Other Information—None

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Item 6. Exhibits

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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