SALEM MEDIA GROUP, INC. /DE/ - Annual Report: 2002 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002

OR

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________________ TO __________________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 000-26497

SALEM COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)

REGISTRANT’S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (805) 987-0400

      Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

      Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share

      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES [X] NO [   ]

      Indicate by check mark if the disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [   ]

      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). YES [X] NO [   ]

      The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Class A common stock held by non–affiliates of the Registrant was $173,211,616 computed by reference to the closing sales price of the Registrant’s Class A common stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market System as of June 28, 2002.

      As of March 27, 2003, there were 17,930,417 shares of the Registrant’s Class A common stock and 5,553,696 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1.      BUSINESS.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

      From time to time, in both written reports (such as this report) and oral statements, Salem Communications Corporation (“Salem” or the “company,” including references to Salem by “we,” “us” and “our”) makes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal and state securities laws. Disclosures that use words such as the company “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “may” or “plans” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect the company’s current expectations and are based upon data available to the company at the time the statements are made. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. These risks as well as other risks and uncertainties are detailed below at “CERTAIN FACTORS AFFECTING SALEM” and from time to time in Salem’s periodic reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Forward-looking statements made in this report speak as of the date hereof. The company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements made in this report. Any such forward-looking statements, whether made in this report or elsewhere, should be considered in context with the various disclosures made by Salem about its business. These projections or forward-looking statements fall under the safe harbors of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

      All metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) rank information used in this report is from the Fall 2002 Radio Market Survey Schedule & Population Rankings published by The Arbitron Company, excluding the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. According to the Radio Market Survey, the population estimates used were based upon 2000 U.S. Bureau Census estimates updated and projected to January 2003 by Claritas, Inc.

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GENERAL

      We believe that we are the largest U.S. radio broadcasting company, measured by number of stations and audience coverage, providing programming targeted at audiences interested in religious and family theme radio programming. Our core business is the ownership and operation of radio stations in large metropolitan markets. Upon the close of all announced transactions, we will own and operate 89 radio stations, including 57 stations in 22 of the top 25 markets. This makes us the sixth largest operator measured by number of stations overall and the third largest operator measured by number of stations in the top 25 markets. Management believes that we are the fifteenth largest radio broadcaster measured by net broadcasting revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002. We also own Salem Radio Network®, which we believe to be a leading developer, producer and syndicator of religious and family issues oriented talk, news and music programming, but not of general broadcast programming, with over 1,500 affiliated radio stations. In addition, we own complementary Internet and publishing businesses.

      We maintain a Website at http://www.salem.cc. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are electronically filed or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

      Our business strategy is to expand and improve our national radio platform in order to deliver compelling content to audiences interested in religious and family issues. We primarily program our stations with our Christian teaching and talk format which is talk programming with religious and family themes. We also feature conservative news/talk and contemporary Christian music formats. Salem Radio Network® supports our strategy by enabling us to offer a variety of program content on our radio stations.

      Both our chief executive officer and our chairman are career radio broadcasters who have owned and operated radio stations for almost 30 years. Our management team has successfully executed a strategy of identifying, acquiring and operating radio stations.

      We continue to seek new ways to expand and integrate our distribution and content capabilities. We have acquired magazine, Internet and software businesses that direct their content to persons with interests that are similar to those of our primary radio audience. We will continue to pursue acquisitions of new media and other businesses that serve our audience. We plan to use these businesses, together with our radio stations and network, to attract, grow and retain a larger audience and customer base.

      Salem Communications Corporation was formed in 1986 as a California corporation and was reincorporated in Delaware in 1999. Salem Communications Holding Corporation (“Salem Holding”) was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Salem Communications Corporation in May 2000. In May 2000, Salem Communications Corporation formed an additional wholly-owned subsidiary, Salem Communications Acquisition Corporation (“AcqCo”), which has since acquired nine radio stations through its wholly-owned subsidiary SCA License Corporation. In August 2000, Salem Communications Corporation assigned substantially all of its assets and liabilities (other than stock of Salem Holding and AcqCo) to Salem Holding.

      On June 15, 2001, Salem Holding effected a dividend to Salem Communications Corporation of Salem Holding’s publishing and Internet businesses. This transaction was effected as a dividend of the capital stock and membership interests, respectively, of Salem Holding’s wholly-owned subsidiaries CCM Communications, Inc. and OnePlace, LLC. As a result, CCM and OnePlace became direct subsidiaries of Salem Communications Corporation. CCM and OnePlace continue to be guarantors of borrowings under Salem Holding’s credit facility and of Salem Holding’s existing 9% and 7¾% notes. Salem Communications Corporation and all of its subsidiaries (other than Salem Holding) are guarantors of the borrowings under Salem Holding’s credit facility and Salem Holding’s 9% notes and 7¾% notes.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

      In 2002, we completed the purchase of the following radio stations:

      (1) “MSA” means metropolitan statistical area.

      On December 6, 2000, Gospel Communications International (“GCI”) made a demand for arbitration upon us, as disclosed in our annual report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2001 and our quarterly reports on Form 10–Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2002 and June 30, 2002. On July 15, 2002, we reached a confidential settlement with GCI for $2.3 million. We paid $0.3 million on August 12, 2002 and paid the remaining $2.0 million on October 4, 2002.

      On September 30, 2002, the company sold the assets of radio station WYGY–FM, Cincinnati, Ohio for $45.0 million. Of the proceeds, $30.0 million was placed in an account with a qualified intermediary under a like–kind exchange agreement in order to preserve our ability to effect a tax-deferred exchange. The sale of WYGY–FM was treated as a discontinued operation, and accordingly, the gain on the sale of the assets of WYGY–FM of $15.9 million (net of deferred taxes of $12.0 million) and the operations of WYGY–FM were reflected net in income (loss) from discontinued operations in the statement of operations included in this report. All prior periods were restated to reflect the operations of WYGY–FM net in income (loss) from discontinued operations to be consistent with the current period presentation.

      On October 4, 2002, the company acquired the assets of the Internet portal operations of Crosswalk.com for $4.1 million. We previously began to operate Crosswalk.com pursuant to a local marketing agreement on September 3, 2002. The acquisition of Crosswalk.com complements our other Internet businesses.

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RADIO STATIONS

      After completing our pending transactions, the company will own and/or operate a national portfolio of 89 radio stations in 36 markets, including 27 FM stations and 62 AM stations. The following table sets forth information about each of Salem’s stations, in order of market size:

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RADIO STATIONS, CONT.

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RADIO STATIONS, CONT.

      (1) Actual city of license may differ from metropolitan market served.

      (2) “MSA” means metropolitan statistical area.

      (3) This market includes the Nassau-Suffolk, NY Metro market which independently has a MSA rank of 17.

      (4) KTFH-AM is under construction and not yet operating. It is an expanded band AM station. Under current Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) rules, we would be required to surrender to the FCC license for either KTFH-AM or KLFE-AM five years after the FCC grants the KTFH-AM license. That grant will not occur until after construction of KTFH-AM is completed.

      (5) WITH-AM is simulcast with WAVA-AM, Washington, D.C.

      (6) WTBN-AM is simulcast with WTWD-AM, Tampa, FL.

      (7) KBJD-AM is an expanded band AM station. Under current FCC rules, we will be required to surrender to the FCC the license for either KBJD-AM or KRKS-AM on February 20, 2006.

      (8) Pending transaction.

      (9) KPXI-FM is simulcast with KWRD-FM, Dallas-Fort Worth, TX.

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      PROGRAM REVENUE. For the year ended December 31, 2002, we derived 23.8% and 12.6% of our gross revenue, or $40.4 million and $21.5 million, respectively, from the sale of nationally syndicated and local block program time. We derive nationally syndicated program revenue from a programming customer base consisting primarily of geographically diverse, well-established non-profit religious and educational organizations that purchase time on stations in a large number of markets in the United States. Nationally syndicated program producers typically purchase 13, 26 or 52 minute blocks on a Monday through Friday basis and may offer supplemental programming for weekend release. We obtain local program revenue from community organizations and churches that typically purchase time primarily for weekend release and from local speakers who purchase daily releases. We have been successful in assisting quality local programs to expand into national syndication.

      ADVERTISING REVENUE. For the year ended December 31, 2002, we derived 44.0% of our gross revenue, or $74.9 million from the sale of local spot advertising and 6.3% of our gross revenue, or $10.7 million from the sale of national spot advertising.

      OPERATIONS. Each of the radio markets in which we have a presence has a general manager who is responsible for day-to-day operations, local spot advertising sales and, where applicable, local program sales for all of our stations in the market. We pay our general managers a base salary plus a percentage of the respective station’s or cluster of stations net operating income. For each station we also have a staff of full and part-time engineering, programming and sales personnel. We pay our sales staff on a commission basis.

      We have decentralized our operations in response to the rapid growth we have experienced in recent years. Our operations vice presidents, some of whom are also station general managers, oversee several markets on a regional basis. Our operations vice presidents are experienced radio broadcasters with expertise in sales, programming and production. We will continue to rely on this strategy of decentralization and encourage operations vice presidents to apply innovative techniques to the operations they oversee which, if successful, can be implemented in our other stations.

      Our corporate headquarters personnel oversee the placement and rate negotiation for all nationally syndicated programs. Centralized oversight of this component of company revenue is necessary because our key program customers purchase time in many of our markets. Corporate headquarters personnel also are responsible for centralized accounting and finance functions, human resources, engineering and other support functions designed to provide resources to local management.

      We believe that the listening audiences for our radio stations formatted with our primary format, which provide the financial support for program producers purchasing time on these stations, are responsive to affinity advertisers that promote products targeted to audiences interested in religious and family issues and are receptive to direct response appeals such as those offered through infomercials. All of such stations have affinity advertising customers in their respective markets. Local church groups and many community organizations such as rescue missions and family crisis support services can often effectively reach their natural constituencies by advertising on religious format stations. Advertising is also purchased by local and national affiliated religious bookstores, publishers specializing in inspirational and religious literature and other businesses that desire to specifically target audiences interested in religious and family issues. Our stations generate spot advertising revenue from general market advertisers.

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SALEM RADIO NETWORK®

      In 1993, we established Salem Radio Network® in connection with our acquisition of certain assets of the former CBN Radio Network. Establishment of Salem Radio Network® was a part of our overall business strategy to develop a national network of affiliated radio stations anchored by our owned and operated radio stations in major markets. Salem Radio Network® which is headquartered in Dallas, Texas, develops, produces and syndicates a broad range of programming specifically targeted to religious and family issues talk and music stations as well as general market news/talk stations. Currently, we have rights to eight full-time satellite channels and all Salem Radio Network® product is delivered to affiliates via satellite.

      Salem Radio Network® has more than 1,500 affiliate stations, including our owned and operated stations, that broadcast one or more of the offered programming options. These programming options feature talk shows, news and music. The principal source of network revenue is from the sale of advertising time. Network operations also include commission revenue of Salem Radio Representatives from unaffiliated customers. We recognize our advertising and commission revenue from the sale of advertising and from the placement of advertising on radio stations as the spots are aired. Salem Radio Network’s® gross revenue, including commission revenue for Salem Radio Representatives, for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $13.5 million.

      SALEM RADIO REPRESENTATIVES. We established Salem Radio Representatives in 1992 as a sales representation company specializing in placing national advertising on religious format radio stations. Salem Radio Network® has an exclusive relationship with Salem Radio Representatives for the sale of available Salem Radio Network® spot advertising. Salem Radio Representatives receives a commission on all Salem Radio Network® sales. Salem Radio Representatives also contracts with individual radio stations to sell air time to national advertisers desiring to include selected company stations in national buys covering multiple markets.

OTHER MEDIA

      INTERNET. In 1999, we established an Internet business, OnePlace, in connection with our purchase of the assets of OnePlace, LLC, AudioCentral, GospelMedia Network (which was sold in 2000) and Involved Christian Radio Network. In January 2003, we renamed this division the “Salem Web Network.” The division’s activities enhance and support our core radio strategy by providing on-demand audio streaming for Salem’s program producers. The OnePlace business model mirrors our radio station business model: revenue from ministries and advertising (banners and sponsorships). We also introduced SonicPlace.com, which provides on-demand audio streaming for Salem’s Christian music channels. In October 2002, we acquired the assets of and re-launched Crosswalk.com, an Internet portal that offers religious-based content including bible studies, devotionals, family issues material and music.

      PUBLISHING. In 1999, we purchased CCM Communications, Inc. (“CCM”). CCM, based in Nashville, Tennessee, has published magazines since 1978 which follow the contemporary Christian music industry. CCM’s flagship publication, CCM Magazine®, is a monthly music magazine offering interviews with artists, issue-oriented features, album reviews and concert schedules. Through CCM’s trade publications, we are uniquely positioned to track contemporary Christian music audience trends. In February 2003, we launched Homecoming Magazine. Homecoming contains a wide variety of features and regular columns focusing on such topics as relationships, spirituality and health and fitness. We anticipate that there will also be interviews with influential names.

      SATELLITE RADIO. In August 1998, we expanded our reach by entering into an exclusive agreement with XM Satellite Radio, Inc. to develop, produce, supply and market religious and family issues audio programming which is distributed by a subscriber-based satellite digital audio radio service. XM Satellite Radio, Inc. is one of two FCC licensees for this service and it has the capability of providing up to 100 channels of audio programming. We provide religious and family themes talk programming on one channel and youth and adult religious music programming on two additional channels.

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COMPETITION

      RADIO. The radio broadcasting industry, including the religious and family themes format segment of this industry, is a highly competitive business. The financial success of each of our radio stations that features the religious and family issues format is dependent, to a significant degree, upon its ability to generate revenue from the sale of block program time to national and local religious and educational organizations. We compete for this program revenue with a number of different commercial and noncommercial radio station licensees. While no group owner in the United States specializing in the religious format approaches Salem in size of potential listening audience and presence in major markets, religious format stations exist and enjoy varying degrees of prominence and success in all markets.

      We also compete for revenue in the spot advertising market with other commercial religious format and general format radio station licensees. We compete in the spot advertising market with other media as well, including broadcast television, cable television, newspapers, magazines, direct mail and billboard advertising.

      Competition may also come from new media technologies and services that are being developed or introduced. These include delivery of audio programming by cable television and satellite systems, digital audio radio services, personal communications services and the new service of low powered, limited coverage FM radio stations newly authorized by the FCC. Digital audio broadcasting will deliver multiformat digital radio services by satellite to national and regional audiences. The quality of programming delivered by digital audio broadcasting would be equivalent to compact disc. The delivery of live and stored audio programming through the Internet has also created new competition. In addition, the anticipated commencement of satellite delivered digital audio radio services, which are intended to deliver multiple audio programming formats to local and national audiences, may create additional competition. We have attempted to address these existing and potential competitive threats through OnePlace and through our exclusive arrangement to provide religious and family issues talk and music formats on one of the two FCC licensees of satellite digital audio radio services.

      NETWORK. Salem Radio Network® competes with other commercial radio networks that offer news and talk programming to religious and general format stations and two noncommercial networks that offer religious music formats. Salem Radio Network® also competes with other radio networks for the services of talk show personalities.

      OTHER MEDIA. Our magazines compete for readers and advertisers with other publications that follow the religious music industry and publications that address themes of interest to church leadership. Our Internet business competes with other companies that deliver on-line audio programming.

EMPLOYEES

      At March 1, 2003, Salem employed 911 full-time and 332 part-time employees. None of Salem’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.

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CERTAIN FACTORS AFFECTING SALEM

We may not pursue potentially more profitable business opportunities outside of our religious and family themes formats which may have a material adverse effect on our business.

      We are fundamentally committed to broadcasting formats emphasizing religious and family themes. We may not switch to other formats or pursue potentially more profitable business opportunities in response to changing audience preferences. We do not intend to pursue business opportunities that would conflict with our core commitment to religious and family themes formats even if such opportunities would be more profitable. Our decision not to pursue other formats might result in lower operating revenues and profits than we might otherwise achieve.

If we are unable to successfully execute our acquisition strategy, our business may not continue to grow.

      We intend to continue to acquire radio stations as well as other complementary media businesses. Our acquisition strategy has been, and will continue to focus on, the acquisition of strong signal stations in the top 50 markets. However, we may not be able to successfully identify and consummate future acquisitions, and stations that we do acquire may not increase our broadcast cash flow or yield other anticipated benefits. Acquisitions in markets in which we already have a presence may not increase our broadcast cash flow due to saturation of audience demand. Acquisitions in smaller markets may have less potential to increase operating revenues. Our failure to execute our acquisition strategy successfully in the future could limit our ability to continue to grow in terms of number of stations or profitability.

We may be unable to integrate the operations and management of acquired stations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

      Since January 1, 2002, we acquired or agreed to acquire and/or operate the assets of nine radio stations and an Internet business, and we expect to make acquisitions of other stations and station groups in the future.

      We cannot assure you that we will be able to integrate successfully the operations or management of acquired stations, or the operations or management of stations that might be acquired in the future. Acquisitions of stations will require us to manage a significantly larger and likely more geographically diverse radio station portfolio than historically has been the case. Our inability to integrate and manage newly acquired stations successfully could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

If we are unable to implement our cluster strategy, we may not realize anticipated operating efficiencies.

      As part of our operating strategy, we attempt to realize efficiencies of operating costs and cross-selling of programming and advertising by clustering the operations of two or more radio stations in a single market. However, there can be no assurances that this operating strategy will be successful. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the clustering of radio stations in one market will not result in downward pressure on advertising and programming rates at one or more of the existing or new radio stations within the cluster. There can be no assurance that any of our stations will be able to maintain or increase its current listening audience and operating revenue in circumstances where we implement our clustering strategy.

      Additionally, FCC rules and policies allow a broadcaster to own a number of radio stations in a given market and permit, within limits, joint arrangements with other stations in a market relating to programming, advertising sales and station operations. We believe that radio stations that elect to take advantage of these clustering opportunities may, in certain circumstances, have lower operating costs and may be able to offer advertisers more attractive rates and services. The future development of our business in new markets, as well as the maintenance of our business growth in those markets in which we do not currently have radio station clusters, may be negatively impacted by competitors who are taking advantage of these clustering opportunities by operating multiple radio stations within markets.

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The restrictions on ownership of multiple stations in each market may prevent us from implementing our cluster strategy.

      As part of our growth strategy, we seek to acquire additional radio stations in markets in which we already have existing stations. However, our ability to acquire, operate and integrate any such future acquisition as part of a cluster may be limited by antitrust laws, FCC regulations, and/or the amendment of the Communications Act through congressional action. Such changes may affect our ability to acquire additional stations in local radio markets where we already own one or more radio stations.

      The FCC is currently studying issues related to the definition of a “local radio market”and the number of stations that one entity may own in any such market; interest has been expressed by members of Congress to limit the level of ownership concentration in local radio markets. We cannot predict whether there will be a change in the Communications Act of 1934 or other federal law governing ownership of radio stations, or whether the FCC, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) or the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) will modify their rules and policies restricting the acquisition of additional stations in a local radio market. In addition, we cannot predict whether a private party will challenge acquisitions we may propose in the future. These events could adversely affect our ability to implement our cluster acquisition strategy.

Government regulation of the broadcasting industry by the FTC, DOJ and FCC may limit our ability to acquire or dispose of radio stations and enter into certain agreements.

      The Communications Act and FCC rules and policies require prior FCC approval for transfers of control of, and assignments of, FCC licenses. The FTC and the DOJ evaluate transactions to determine whether those transactions should be challenged under federal antitrust laws. Over the past seven years, the FTC and the DOJ have been increasingly active in their review of radio station acquisitions. This is particularly the case when a radio broadcast company proposes to acquire an additional station in an existing market. As we have gained a presence in a greater number of markets and a greater percentage of the top 50 markets, our future proposed transactions may more frequently be subject to more aggressive review by the FTC or the DOJ due to market concentration concerns. This increased level of review may be accentuated in instances where we propose to engage in a transaction with parties who themselves have multiple stations in the relevant market. The FCC might not approve a proposed radio station acquisition or disposition when the DOJ has expressed market concentration concerns with respect to the buy or sell side of a given transaction, even if the proposed transaction would otherwise comply with the FCC’s numerical limits on in-market ownership. We cannot be sure that the DOJ or the FTC will not seek to prohibit or require the restructuring of our future acquisitions on these or other bases.

      As noted above, the FCC has instituted a proceeding to consider a broad range of possible changes to its rules governing radio ownership in local markets. These possible changes may limit our ability to make future radio station acquisitions and may eventually require us to terminate any agreements whereby we provide programming to or sell advertising on radio stations that we do not own. Additionally, under an interim policy announced by the FCC in connection with its proceeding to modify the radio ownership rules, the FCC could designate for hearing or significantly delay approval of any of our future proposed radio station acquisitions or dispositions which, in the FCC’s view, even in the absence of an expression of concern by the DOJ, raise local market concentration concerns. Were a complaint based on issues other than market concentration to be filed against us or other FCC licensees involved in a transaction with us, the FCC could delay the grant of, or refuse to grant, its consent to an assignment or transfer of control of licenses and effectively prohibit a proposed acquisition or disposition.

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If we are not able to obtain financing or generate sufficient cash flows from operations, we may be unable to fund future acquisitions.

      We will require significant financing to fund our acquisition strategy and implement our business plan. This financing may not be available to us. The availability of funds under the credit facility at any time will be dependent upon, among other factors, our ability to satisfy financial covenants. Our future operating performance will be subject to financial, economic, business, competitive, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our future cash flows or borrowing capacity will be sufficient to allow us to complete future acquisitions or implement our business plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

If we cannot attract the anticipated listener and advertiser base for our newly acquired radio stations, we may not recoup associated promotional costs or achieve profitability for these radio stations.

      We have recently acquired new radio stations that previously broadcast in formats other than our primary formats. We continue to program some of these recently acquired stations in non-primary formats and others we format to our themes of religious and family values. During, and for a period after, the conversion of a radio station’s format, the radio station typically generates operating losses. The magnitude and duration of these losses depends on a number of factors, including the promotional and marketing costs associated with attracting listeners and advertisers to our radio station’s new format and the success of these efforts. There is no guarantee that the operation of these newly acquired stations or our operations in new formats will attract a sufficient listener and advertiser base. If we are not successful in attracting the listener and advertiser base we anticipate, we may not recoup associated promotional costs or achieve profitability for these radio stations.

Our strategy to develop and launch new formats may not result in profitability for stations broadcasting in these formats.

      We have launched music formats, including a contemporary Christian music format called The Fish™, as well as a conservative news/talk format, in several markets. We have traditionally relied on Christian teaching and talk block programming as the primary source of our revenue and there is no guarantee that the implementation of these new formats will attract a sufficient listener and advertiser base. Our strategy to launch and develop new formats may not result in any significant revenues or net income. Our management may be unable to successfully market these additional formats due to less operational experience compared to Christian teaching and talk formats. In addition, the introduction of these new formats involves significant promotional costs which will negatively impact our profitability.

If we do not maintain or increase our block program revenue share compared to other broadcast companies, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.

      The financial success of each of our radio stations that features Christian teaching and talk programming is dependent, to a significant degree, upon our ability to generate revenue from the sale of block program time to national and local religious organizations, which accounted for 36.4% and 40.0% of our gross broadcasting revenue during the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We compete for this program revenue with a number of commercial and non-commercial radio stations. Due to the significant competition for this block programming, we cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain or increase our current block programming revenue.

If we are unable to maintain or grow our advertising revenue share compared to other broadcast and media companies, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.

      Our radio stations with our contemporary Christian music and conservative news/talk formats are substantially dependent upon advertising for their revenues. In the advertising market, we compete for revenue with other commercial religious format and general format radio stations, as well as with other media, including broadcast and cable television, newspapers, magazines, direct mail and billboard advertising. Due to this significant competition, we cannot be sure that we will be able to maintain or increase our current advertising revenue.

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A sustained economic downturn could negatively impact our ability to generate advertising revenue.

      We derive a substantial part of our revenues from the sale of advertising on our radio stations. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, 50.3%, 45.5%, and 41.9% of our broadcast revenues, respectively, were generated from the sale of advertising. Because advertisers generally reduce their spending during economic downturns, we could be adversely affected by a sustained economic downturn or a national recession. In addition, because a substantial portion of our revenues are derived from local advertisers, our ability to generate advertising revenues in specific markets could be adversely affected by local or regional economic downturns. We are particularly dependent on advertising revenue from the Los Angeles and Dallas markets, which generated 8.7% and 8.4%, respectively, of our gross broadcast revenues in 2002.

Acts of war and terrorism may reduce our advertising revenue and have other negative effects on our business.

      In response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C., we increased our news and community service programming, which decreased the amount of broadcast time available for commercial advertising. In addition, these events have caused and may continue to cause advertisers to cancel advertisements on our stations. Continued acts of war and terrorism against the United States, and the country’s response thereto, including the current military operations in Afghanistan and the war in Iraq, may also cause a general slowdown in the U.S. advertising market, which could cause our advertising revenues to decline due to advertising cancellations, delays or defaults in payment for advertising time, and other factors. In addition, these events may have other negative effects on our business, the nature and duration of which we cannot predict.

If we lose the services of our founders, the management and operation of our business could be disrupted.

      Our business is dependent upon the performance and continued efforts of certain key individuals, particularly Edward G. Atsinger III, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Stuart W. Epperson, our Chairman of the Board. The loss of the services of either Messrs. Atsinger or Epperson could have a material adverse effect upon us. We have entered into employment agreements with each of Messrs. Atsinger and Epperson. Messrs. Atsinger and Epperson’s agreements expire in June 2004. Mr. Epperson has radio interests outside of us that will continue to impose demands on his time.

Our controlling stockholders may cause us to engage in transactions that conflict interests.

      Edward G. Atsinger III, Stuart W. Epperson and Nancy A. Epperson control approximately 88% of the voting power of Salem’s capital stock. Accordingly, these stockholders control Salem. Messrs. Atsinger and Epperson and Mrs. Epperson thus have the ability to control fundamental corporate transactions requiring equity holder approval, including but not limited to, the election of all of Salem’s directors, except for two independent directors, approval of merger transactions involving Salem and the sale of all or substantially all of Salem.

If we fail to maintain our licenses with the FCC, we could be prevented from operating affected radio stations.

      We operate each of our radio stations pursuant to one or more FCC broadcasting licenses. As each license expires, we apply for renewal of the license. However, we cannot be sure that any of our licenses will be renewed, and renewal is subject to challenge by third-parties or to denial by the FCC. The Communications Act and FCC rules and policies require prior FCC approval for transfers of control of, and assignments of, FCC licenses. Were a complaint to be filed against us or other FCC licensees involved in a transaction with us, the FCC could delay the grant of, or refuse to grant, its consent to an assignment or transfer of control of licenses and effectively prohibit a proposed acquisition or disposition. The failure to renew any of our licenses could prevent us from operating the affected station and generating revenue from it. If the FCC decides to include conditions or qualifications in any of our licenses, we may be limited in the manner in which we may operate the affected station.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

      The types of properties required to support our radio stations include offices, studios and tower and antenna sites. A station’s studios are generally housed with its office in a downtown or business district. We generally select our tower and antenna sites to provide maximum market coverage. Our network operations are supported by offices and studios from which its programming originates or is relayed from a remote point of origination. The operations of our other media businesses are supported by office facilities.

      Our radio stations’ studios and offices and the operations of our other media businesses are located in leased facilities. Our network leases satellite transponders used for delivery of its programming. We either own or lease our radio station tower and antenna sites. We do not anticipate difficulties in renewing those leases that expire within the next several years or in obtaining other lease arrangements, if necessary. We own our corporate office building, located in Camarillo, California.

      We lease certain property from the principal stockholders or trusts and partnerships created for the benefit of the principal stockholders and their families. These leases are described in “CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS” in Part III, Item 13 of this report. All such leases have cost of living adjustments. Based upon our management’s assessment and analysis of local market conditions for comparable properties, we believe such leases do not have terms that vary materially from those that would have been available from unaffiliated parties.

      No one property is material to our overall operations. We believe that our properties are in good condition and suitable for our operations; however, we continually evaluate opportunities to upgrade our properties. We own substantially all of our equipment, consisting principally of transmitting antennae, transmitters, studio equipment and general office equipment.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

      Incident to our business activities, we are a party to a number of legal proceedings, lawsuits, arbitration and other claims. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes that are not predictable with assurance. Also, we maintain insurance which may provide coverage for such matters. Consequently, our management is unable to ascertain the ultimate aggregate amount of monetary liability or the financial impact with respect to these matters; however, our management believes, at this time, that the final resolution of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect upon our annual consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

      No matters were submitted to a vote of stockholders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2002.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

      The company’s Class A common stock is traded on the National Market System of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System (“NASDAQ-NMS”) under the symbol SALM. At March 17, 2003, the company had approximately 30 stockholders of record (not including the number of persons or entities holding stock in nominee or street name through various brokerage firms) and 17,930,417 outstanding shares of its Class A common stock and two stockholders of record and 5,553,696 outstanding shares of its Class B common stock. The following table sets forth for the fiscal quarters indicated the range of high and low bid information per share of the Class A common stock of the company as reported on the NASDAQ-NMS.

      There is no established public trading market for the company’s Class B common stock.

DIVIDEND POLICY

      No cash dividends were declared for any class of common equity in the last two fiscal years. The company intends to retain future earnings for use in its business and does not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends on shares of the company’s Class A or Class B common stock in the foreseeable future. Further, the company’s board of directors will make any determinations to declare and pay dividends in light of the company’s earnings, financial position, capital requirements, agreements for our outstanding debt and such other factors as the board of directors deems relevant.

      The company’s sole source of cash from which to make dividend payments will be dividends paid to the company or payments made to the company by its subsidiaries. The ability of the subsidiaries to make such payments may be restricted by applicable state laws or terms of agreements to which they are or may become a party.

SECURITIES AUTHORIZED FOR ISSUANCE UNDER EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

      The following table provides information as of December 31, 2002 with respect to shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued under the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan, our only existing equity compensation plan. The 1999 Stock Incentive Plan was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our stockholders on May 25, 1999. On March 20, 2003, the board of directors approved an amendment to the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan to reserve an additional 600,000 shares of the company's Class A common stock for issuance under the plan. The amendment is subject to stockholder approval and the matter will be submitted as a proposal for stockholder vote at the company's 2003 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on June 11, 2003.

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      (1)       Subject to stockholder approval at the 2003 annual meeting of stockholders, the number of securities available for future issuance under the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan will be increased by an additional 600,000 shares of the company's Class A common stock.

ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION.

      Salem’s selected historical statement of operations and balance sheet data presented below as of and for the five years ended December 31, 2002 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Salem. The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2001 and 2002 and for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2002, and the independent auditors’ report thereon, are included elsewhere in this report. Salem’s financial results are not comparable from period to period because of our acquisition and disposition of radio stations and our acquisition of other media businesses. Additionally, the Statements of Operations Data for all periods presented have been reclassified to reflect the operating results of WYGY-FM as a discontinued operation, which radio station was sold on September 30, 2002, and increases to revenues and expenses for barter transactions, which were previously reported net in our operations. The selected consolidated financial information below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified by reference to, our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and specifically the disclosure concerning a reconciliation for historical non-GAAP measures presented in “–Non-GAAP Financial Measures” included elsewhere in this report.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED).

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ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED).

(1)     The extraordinary loss in each of 1999 and 2000 relates to the write-off of deferred financing costs and termination fees related to the repayment of debt. See note 5 to our consolidated financial statements.

(2)     See note 1 to our consolidated financial statements.

(3)      We define broadcast cash flow as net broadcasting revenue less broadcasting operating expenses.

      Although broadcast cash flow is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), it should be viewed as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, our results of operations presented on the basis of GAAP. We use this financial measure because management believes it is useful for all investors and users of our financial statements in understanding our financial performance. Management believes that broadcast cash flow is useful because it is generally recognized by the radio broadcasting industry as a measure of performance and is used by investors and by analysts who report on the performance of broadcast companies. Broadcast cash flow is generally recognized as a tool in measuring performance and in applying valuation methodologies for companies in the media, entertainment and communications industries. Broadcast cash flow does not purport to represent cash provided by operating activities. Our statement of cash flows presents our cash flow activity and our income statement presents our historical performance prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Broadcast cash flow as used by Salem is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

      Reconciliations of broadcast cash flow with operating income for Salem are set forth in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Results of Operations” and for Salem Holding are set forth in the section entitled “Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data of Salem Holding.”

(4)     Broadcast cash flow margin is broadcast cash flow as a percentage of net broadcasting revenue.

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      The following table provides a reconciliation of reported net income for the two years ended December 31, 2001 to net income that would have been had Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” been applied as of January 1, 1998:

      Had SFAS No. 142 been applied as of January 1, 1998, income before discontinued operations and extraordinary item would have been $4.1 million ($0.25 per share), $2.3 million ($0.12 per share), $22.5 million ($0.96 per share) and $19.1 million ($0.81 per share) for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

GENERAL

      The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. Our consolidated financial statements are not directly comparable from period to period because of our acquisition and disposition of radio stations and our acquisition of other media businesses. See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements.

      Historically, our principal sources of revenue have been:

      In 1999, we expanded our sources of revenue and product offerings with the acquisition of other media businesses, including publishing and Internet businesses.

      The following table shows gross broadcasting revenue, the percentage of gross broadcasting revenue for each broadcasting revenue source and net broadcasting revenue.

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      Our broadcasting revenue is affected primarily by the program rates our radio stations charge and by the advertising rates our radio stations and network charge. The rates for block program time are based upon our stations’ ability to attract audiences that will support the program producers through contributions and purchases of their products. Advertising rates are based upon the demand for advertising time, which in turn is based on our stations’ and network’s ability to produce results for its advertisers. Historically we have not subscribed to traditional audience measuring services. Instead, we have marketed ourselves to advertisers based upon the responsiveness of our audience. In selected markets we subscribe to Arbitron, which develops quarterly reports to measure a radio station’s audience share in the demographic groups targeted by advertisers. See “BUSINESS—RADIO STATIONS.” Each of our radio stations and our network have a general pre-determined level of time that they make available for block programs and/or advertising, which may vary at different times of the day.

      In recent years, we have begun to place greater emphasis on the development of local advertising in all of our markets. We encourage our general managers and sales managers to increase advertising revenue. We can create additional advertising revenue in a variety of ways, such as removing block programming that generates marginal audience response, adjusting the start time of programs to add advertising in more desirable time slots and increasing advertising rates.

      As is typical in the radio broadcasting industry, our second and fourth quarter advertising revenue generally exceeds our first and third quarter advertising revenue. Quarterly revenue from the sale of block program time does not tend to vary significantly; however, since program rates are generally set annually.

      Our cash flow is affected by a transition period experienced by radio stations when, due to the nature of the radio station, our plans for the market and other circumstances, we find it beneficial or advisable to change its format. This transition period occurs when we develop a radio station’s customer and listener base. During this period, a station will typically generate negative or insignificant cash flow.

      In the broadcasting industry, radio stations often utilize trade or barter agreements to exchange advertising time for goods or services (such as other media advertising, travel or lodging), in lieu of cash. In order to preserve the sale of our advertising time for cash, we generally enter into trade agreements only if the goods or services bartered to us will be used in our business. We have minimized our use of trade agreements and have generally sold most of our advertising time for cash. In 2002, we sold 97% of our advertising time for cash. In addition, it is our general policy not to preempt advertising paid for in cash with advertising paid for in trade.

      The primary operating expenses incurred in the ownership and operation of our radio stations include employee salaries and commissions, and facility expenses (for example, rent and utilities). Beginning in 2000, in connection with the launch of our contemporary Christian music format in several markets, we incurred increased amounts for promotional expenses and music license fees. In addition to these expenses, our network incurs programming costs and lease expenses for satellite communication facilities. We also incur and will continue to incur significant depreciation, amortization and interest expense as a result of completed and future acquisitions of radio stations and existing and future borrowings.

      Salem Web Network, our Internet business, earns its revenue from the (i) sales of streaming services, (ii) sales of banner advertising and sponsorships on the Internet, and, (iii) to a lesser extent, sales of software and software support contracts. CCM, our publishing business, earns its revenue by selling advertising in and subscriptions to its publications. The revenue and related operating expenses of these businesses are reported as “other media” on our consolidated statements of operations.

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SAME STATION DEFINITION

      In the discussion of our results of operations below, we compare our results between periods on an as reported basis (that is, the results of operations of all radio stations and network formats owned or operated at any time during either period) and on a “same station” basis. We include in our same station comparisons the results of operations of radio stations and networks that we own or operate in the same format during the current period compared with the results of the same stations and networks for the corresponding period of the prior year. We do not include a station or a network in the comparison unless it has been owned or operated for at least an entire quarter included in each of the current and corresponding prior year periods.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We have reclassified our statements of operations data for all periods presented to reflect our sale on September 30, 2002 of the assets of radio station WYGY-FM, Cincinnati, Ohio, which has been accounted for as a discontinued operation. In addition, we have reclassed barter transactions to reflect increases to revenues and expenses as appropriate, eliminating the practice of reporting these transactions net in our statements of operations.

Year ended December 31, 2002 compared to year ended December 31, 2001

      NET BROADCASTING REVENUE.      Net broadcasting revenue increased $20.1 million or 14.8% to $156.2 million in 2002 from $136.1 million in 2001. The growth is attributable to the increase in same station revenue and the acquisitions of radio stations and a network during 2001 and 2002, partially offset by the sales of radio stations during 2001 and 2002. On a same station basis, net revenue improved $14.6 million or 13.0% to $126.7 million in 2002 from $112.1 million in 2001. The improvement was primarily due to an increase in net revenue at radio stations we acquired in 2000 and 2001 that previously operated with formats other than their current format, an increase in program rates and increases in advertising time and improved selling efforts at both the national and local level and an increase in network revenue due to increased network affiliations and quality programming. Revenue from advertising as a percentage of our gross broadcasting revenue increased to 50.3% in 2002 from 45.5% in 2001. Revenue from block program time as a percentage of our gross broadcasting revenue decreased to 36.4% in 2002 from 40.0% in 2001. This change in our revenue mix is primarily due to the launch of our contemporary Christian music format in several of our markets and our continued efforts to develop more advertising revenue in all of our markets.

      OTHER MEDIA REVENUE.       Other media revenue increased $0.1 million or 1.3% to $8.1 million in 2002 from $8.0 million in 2001. This increase was due primarily to increased banner advertisments and sponorships from our Internet business partially offset by decreased subscription and advertising revenue from our publishing business.

      BROADCASTING OPERATING EXPENSES.       Broadcasting operating expenses increased $16.0 million or 18.2% to $103.8 million in 2002 from $87.8 million in 2001. The increase is attributable to operating expenses associated with the acquisitions of radio stations and a network during 2002, increased promotional expenses primarily associated with our contemporary Christian music format, and an increase in music license fees, partially offset by the operating expenses associated with five radio stations sold during 2001. On a same station basis, broadcasting operating expenses increased $6.7 million or 9.1% to $80.3 million in 2002 from $73.6 million in 2001. The increase is primarily due to incremental selling and production expenses incurred to produce the increased revenue in the period as well as increased legal expenses.

      OTHER MEDIA OPERATING EXPENSES.       Other media operating expenses decreased $1.6 million or 17.2% to $7.7 million in 2002 from $9.3 million in 2001. The decrease is attributable primarily to the reduction of selling expenses associated with our publishing business, reduced audio streaming costs for our Internet business due to reduced rates and the streaming of fewer affiliates and reduced overhead costs.

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      CORPORATE EXPENSES.      Corporate expenses increased $0.6 million or 4.3% to $14.4 million in 2002 from $13.8 million in 2001, primarily due to additional overhead costs associated with the acquisitions of radio stations and a network during 2001 and 2002, offset by a reduction in senior management bonuses in 2002.

      DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION.       Depreciation expense increased $2.1 million or 28.4% to $9.5 million in 2002 from $7.4 million in 2001. The increase is due to the depreciation expense associated with our acquisitions in 2001 and 2002. Amortization expense decreased $20.8 million to $1.9 in 2002 from $22.7 million in 2001. The decrease is primarily due to the adoption of SFAS No. 142 on January 1, 2002, which requires the company to discontinue amortizing broadcast licenses and goodwill. Had SFAS 142 been effective during 2001, amortization expense would have been $1.3 million in 2001.

      OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE).       Interest income decreased $1.7 million to $0.3 million in 2002 from $2.0 million in 2001, primarily due to the interest earned on the investment of the proceeds from the sales of the assets of radio stations KALC-FM, Denver, Colorado for approximately $100 million in January 2001, and WHKK-AM, Cleveland, Ohio, and WHK-FM, Akron, Ohio for $30.0 million in July 2001. These proceeds were used to finance the acquisitions of radio stations and a network in 2001 and 2002, reducing the interest-bearing investments available to produce interest income in 2002. Loss on sale of assets of $0.6 million in 2002 is primarily due to the disposal of miscellaneous equipment. Gain on disposal of assets, including sales of assets to related parties, of $29.8 million in 2001 is primarily due to gains recognized on the sales of the assets of radio stations WHKK-AM, Cleveland, Ohio, WHK-FM, Akron, Ohio, KEZY-AM, San Bernardino, California, WHLO-AM, Akron, Ohio, and the gain realized on the condemnation of certain real property in Seattle, Washington. Interest expense increased $0.7 million or 2.6% to $27.2 million in 2002 from $26.5 million in 2001. The increase is due to interest expense associated with borrowings on the credit facility to fund acquisitions in 2002, offset by savings of $1.8 million in interest related to our interest rate swap agreement entered into in April 2002, (See “ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK – Derivative Instuments”. Other expense, net decreased to $0.5 million in 2002 from $0.6 million in 2001, due primarily to a decrease in bank commitment and fiscal intermediary fees.

      PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES.      Provision (benefit) for income taxes as a percentage of income before income taxes, discontinued operations and extraordinary item (that is, the effective tax rate) was (39.9)% in 2002 and 30.6% in 2001. For the year ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 the effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory income rate of 34.0% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes and certain expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes and changes in the valuation allowance from the use of certain state net operating loss carryforwards.

      INCOME (LOSS) FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS, NET OF TAX. Income from discontinued operations was $16.0 million net of income tax expense of $12.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, compared to a loss of $1.2 million net of a tax benefit of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. Discontinued operations relate to the operations of WYGY–FM, Cincinnati, Ohio, which was sold on September 30, 2002 for $45.0 million. The increase is primarily due to the gain on the sale of the assets of the radio station of $15.9 million net of income tax expense of $12.0 million on September 30, 2002.

      NET INCOME. We recognized net income of $14.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 as compared to net income of $4.4 million for year ended December 31, 2001.

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Year ended December 31, 2001 compared to year ended December 31, 2000

      NET BROADCASTING REVENUE.       Net broadcasting revenue increased $23.0 million or 20.3% to $136.1 million in 2001 from $113.1 million in 2000. The growth is attributable to the increase in same station revenue and the acquisitions of radio stations and a network during 2000 and 2001, partially offset by the sales of radio stations during 2000 and 2001. On a same station basis, net revenue improved $6.2 million or 9.7% to $70.9 million in 2001 from $64.7 million in 2000. The improvement was primarily due to an increase in net revenue at radio stations we acquired in 1998 and 1999 that previously operated with formats other than their current format, an increase in program rates and increases in advertising time and improved selling efforts at both the national and local level, and an increase in network revenue due to increased network affiliations and quality programming. Revenue from advertising as a percentage of our gross broadcasting revenue increased to 45.5% in 2001 from 41.9% in 2000. Revenue from block program time as a percentage of our gross broadcasting revenue decreased to 40.0% in 2001 from 43.8% in 2000. This change in our revenue mix is primarily due to our continued efforts to develop more advertising revenue in all of our markets as well as the launch of our contemporary Christian music format in several markets.

      OTHER MEDIA REVENUE.       Other media revenue increased $0.1 million or 1.3% to $8.0 million in 2001 from $7.9 million in 2000. The increase is due primarily to increased revenue from banner advertising and streaming services, partially offset by the loss of revenues from the sale of certain assets which generated revenue from the sale of advertising in print and online catalogs and product sales.

      BROADCASTING OPERATING EXPENSES.       Broadcasting operating expenses increased $24.6 million or 38.9% to $87.8 million in 2001 from $63.2 million in 2000. The increase is attributable to operating expenses associated with the acquisitions of radio stations and a network during 2000 and 2001, promotional expenses associated with the launch of the contemporary Christian music format in several markets, and an increase in music license fees, partially offset by the operating expenses associated with three radio stations sold during 2000. On a same station basis, broadcasting operating expenses increased $3.5 million or 9.3% to $41.2 million in 2001 from $37.7 million in 2000. The increase is primarily due to incremental selling and production expenses incurred to produce the increased revenue in the period.

      OTHER MEDIA OPERATING EXPENSES.       Other media operating expenses decreased $5.6 million or 37.6% to $9.3 million in 2001 from $14.9 million in 2000. The decrease is attributable primarily to the reduction of operating expenses incurred due to the sale of certain software products, assets and contracts.

      CORPORATE EXPENSES.      Corporate expenses increased $3.3 million or 31.4% to $13.8 million in 2001 from $10.5 million in 2000, primarily due to additional overhead costs associated with the acquisitions of radio stations and a network during 2000 and 2001.

      DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION.       Depreciation expense increased $0.3 million or 4.2% to $7.4 million in 2001 from $7.1 million in 2000. Amortization expense increased $4.7 million or 26.1% to $22.7 million in 2001 from $18.0 million in 2000. The increases are primarily due to the depreciation and amortization expense associated with the acquisitions of radio stations and a network in 2000 and 2001.

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      OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE).       Interest income increased $1.5 million to $2.0 million in 2001 from $0.5 million in 2000, primarily due to interest earned on the investment of the proceeds from the sales of the assets of radio stations KALC-FM, Denver, Colorado for approximately $100 million in January 2001, and WHKK-AM, Cleveland, Ohio, and WHK-FM, Akron, Ohio for $30.0 million in July 2001. Gain on disposal of assets, including sales of assets to related parties, of $29.8 million in 2001 is primarily due to gains recognized on the sales of the assets of radio stations WHKK-AM, Cleveland, Ohio, WHK-FM, Akron, Ohio, KEZY-AM, San Bernardino, California, WHLO-AM, Akron, Ohio, and the gain realized on the condemnation of certain real property in Seattle, Washington. Gain on disposal of assets, including sales of assets to related parties, of $29.6 million in 2000 is primarily due to a gain recognized on the sale of the assets of radio station KLTX-AM, Los Angeles, California, partially offset by the loss on sale of certain assets of our other media businesses. Interest expense increased $9.0 million or 51.4% to $26.5 million in 2001 from $17.5 million in 2000. The increase is due to interest expense associated with borrowings on the credit facility to fund acquisitions in 2000 and the issuance of $150 million 9% senior subordinated notes in June 2001. Other expense, net decreased to $0.6 million in 2001 from $0.9 million in 2000 due primarily to a decrease in bank commitment fees.

      PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES.      Provision (benefit) for income taxes as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes, discontinued operations and extraordinary item (that is, the effective tax rate) was 30.6% in 2001 and 38.3% in 2000. For the year ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 the effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory income rate of 34.0% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes and certain expenses that are not deductible for tax purposes. In addition, the effective tax rate in 2001 has been affected by changes in the valuation allowance from the use of certain state net operating loss carryforwards.

      NET INCOME.      As a result of the above, we recognized net income of $4.4 million in 2001 as compared to a net income of $10.1 million in 2000.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

      The performance of a radio broadcasting company is customarily measured by the ability of its stations to generate broadcast cash flow. We define broadcast cash flow as net broadcasting revenue less broadcasting operating expenses.

      Although broadcast cash flow is not a measure of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP, it should be viewed as a supplement to and not a substitute for our results of operations presented on the basis of GAAP. We use this financial measure because management believes it is useful for all investors and users of our financial statements in understanding our financial performance. Management believes that broadcast cash flow is useful because it is generally recognized by the radio broadcasting industry as a measure of performance and is used by investors and by analysts who report on the performance of broadcast companies. Broadcast cash flow is generally recognized as a tool in measuring performance and in applying valuation methodologies for companies in the media, entertainment and communications industries. Broadcast cash flow does not purport to represent cash provided by operating activities. Our statement of cash flows presents our cash flow activity and our income statement presents our historical performance prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our broadcast cash flow is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

Year ended December 31, 2002 compared to year ended December 31, 2001