Save Foods, Inc. - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission file number 000-56100

SAVE FOODS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

HaPardes 134 (Meshek Sander), Neve Yarak, 4994500 Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

(347) 468 9583

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive- based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022, based on the price at which the common equity was last sold on the Nasdaq Capital Market on such date, was $8,744,689. For purposes of this computation only, all officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates.

As of March 22, 2023, there were 4,658,726 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) includes a number of forward-looking statements that reflect management’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Forward-looking statements are projections in respect of future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of our Company and members of our management team as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based. Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Those risks and uncertainties include, among others:

These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Annual Report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes in future operating results over time except as required by law. We believe that our assumptions are based upon reasonable data derived from and known about our business and operations. No assurances are made that actual results of operations or the results of our future activities will not differ materially from our assumptions.

As used in this Annual Report and unless otherwise indicated, the terms “Save Foods,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our Company” refer to Save Foods, Inc. Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars.

Part I

Item 1. Business

Company Overview

We are an agri-food tech company specializing in eco crop protection that helps reduce food waste and ensure food safety while reducing the use of pesticides. We develop eco-friendly “green” solutions for the food industry. Our solutions are developed to improve the food safety and shelf life of fresh produce. We do this by controlling human and plant pathogens, thereby reducing spoilage, and in turn, reducing food loss.

Our solutions are based on Save Foods’ proprietary blend of food acids combined with certain types of oxidizing agent-based sanitizers and in some cases with fungicides at low concentrations. Save Foods products have a synergistic effect when combined with these oxidizing agent-based sanitizers and fungicides. Our “green” solutions are capable of cleaning, sanitizing and controlling pathogens on fresh produce with the goal of making them safer for human consumption and extending their shelf life by reducing their decay. One of the main advantages of our products is that our ingredients do not leave any toxicological residues on the fresh produce we treat. In contrary, by forming a temporary protective shield around the fresh produce we treat, our products make it difficult for pathogens to develop and potentially provide protection which also reduces cross-contamination.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Food Safety Modernization Act (the “FSMA”) is transforming the United States’ food safety system by shifting the focus from responding to foodborne illness to preventing it. According to the recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 48 million people in the United States get sick each year from foodborne diseases. We believe this is a significant public health burden that is largely preventable. Since 2011, the FDA has had a legislative mandate to require comprehensive, science-based preventive controls across the food supply. In the context of fresh produce at packing houses, the FDA’s final produce safety rule (with an initial compliance date of January 26, 2018) provides for the use of sanitizers to ensure produce is cleaned from human pathogens.

In addition, most conventional chemical pesticides (fungicides), which are currently used to protect fresh produce from microbial spoilage and reduce food waste, are potentially toxic, they remain on fruit peel and present health concerns, while also polluting the environment. Therefore, the use of these products is strictly regulated and their residue on food and on the environment are carefully monitored. Today’s trends led by both consumers and regulatory bodies are to significantly reduce the use of fungicides and switch to greener solutions. In a series of studies conducted in collaboration with a large post-harvest service company during the second quarter of 2020, our products have shown impressive results in extending the shelf life of fresh produce in “organic” (where no fungicides are used at the post-harvest stage) and conventional (where fungicides are being used at the post-harvest stage) settings. On average, our products may reduce the rotten fruits at the retail level by 50%.

We have a unique opportunity to make a positive difference throughout the food value chain from field to fork and address two of the major’s challenges in the food industry today - safety and waste. We target major markets that use conventional chemical pesticides and sanitizers, including the pre- and post-harvest market, the greenhouse market and the fresh-cut market, where our “green” treatments are used as alternatives for, or mixed with, conventional products in order to reduce (i) health and environmental concerns, and/or (ii) microbial resistance that has reduced the efficacy of conventional chemical pesticides.

Recent Developments

Commercial Activity

On September 14, 2022, we announced the commercial adoption of our eco-crop protection solution by Mexican lime packers following the successful completion of several pilot programs in Veracruz, Mexico.

On August 12, 2022, we announced the initiation of seven commercial pilots with leading Peruvian exporters, such as Agricola Cerro Prieto and another multinational packer. The pilots are designed to evaluate the impact of Save Foods’ innovative solutions on avocados, berries and citrus fruits. As of the date of this Annual Report, we have received certain of the pilot results and expect to conduct further pilots during the second half of 2023, which if successful, may provide us with new commercial customers.

On March 21, 2022, we announced that Israeli packer, Rafkor Ltd., became a commercial customer of ours after successful pilot results showed a reduction of 60% in pear loss. Rafkor treats approximately 40% of pears grown in Israel.

On February 7, 2022, we announced that Mehadrin Tnuport Export L.P. began using our solution in their citrus packing houses. Mehadrin is Israel’s largest grower and exporter of citrus produce, a well-known distributor for major retailers in Europe, North America and Asia, and a global supplier of Jaffa brand oranges.

On January 24, 2022, we announced that following a series of successful trials, Galilee Export asked each of its suppliers to apply our solutions to all bell peppers in Galilee Export’s supply chain. Galilee Export is the second largest exporter of fruit and vegetables in Israel, with sales of over $200 million a year. Thereafter, on February 23, 2022, Galilee Export announced it began using our solution on all of its avocados, after Galilee Export reported to us that our solution kept its avocados fresh and in good condition for up to twice as long compared to conventionally treated produce.

Underwritten Offering

On August 15, 2022, we entered into an underwriting agreement with ThinkEquity LLC, as representative (the “Representative”), of the several underwriters named therein, relating to our public offering of 1,600,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at a public offering price of $3.00 per share (the “Offering”). The Offering closed on August 18, 2022.

The shares of Common Stock in the Offering were offered, issued and sold under a prospectus supplement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 17, 2022, in connection with a takedown from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-266159), which became effective on July 22, 2022. In connection with the Offering, we agreed to issue to the Representative a warrant (the “Representative Warrant”) to purchase up to 5% of the shares of Common Stock sold in the Offering. The Representative Warrant is exercisable, in whole or in part, at a per share exercise price of $3.75, which is equal to 125% of the public offering price per share of Common Stock. The Representative Warrant will be exercisable commencing on the date which is one hundred eighty (180) days following August 15, 2022 and will expire on August 15, 2027.

Key Regulatory Approvals

On June 9, 2022, we announced that our SaveProtect Organic® crop solution, used for extending the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables, was “listed” by the Organic Materials Review Institute (“OMRI”), an international non-profit organization that provides an independent review of products that are intended for use in certified organic production and processing. OMRI Listed® products may be used in certified organic production and processing under the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) National Organic Program.

On February 17, 2022, we announced that our products are now registered by NSF International, a leading global independent public health and safety organization. Products with an NSF certification mark meet all standard requirements, and undergo testing and regular inspections to check they continue to comply with the standard. The mark confirms that a product has been impartially reviewed and that labeling and claims have been objectively verified.

Strategic Changes and Cost Reduction Measures   

In December 2022, our board of directors resolved to implement certain cost reduction measures in light of the challenging economic macroeconomic conditions and certain observations made on the basis of our results of operations during 2022. In connection therewith, our board of directors instructed management of Save Foods Ltd. to reduce its headcount, including at the managerial level. We have reduced our full-time employee headcount and anticipate additional and related cuts during the remainder of 2023. Furthermore, following such cost reduction measures, we decided to reduce our research and development expenses by changing our strategic focus to the commercialization of our products and the conversion of completed pilots into paying customers.  

Industry Overview and Market Opportunity

Background

The world’s population is expected to grow to almost 10 billion people by 2050, boosting agricultural demand by some 50%. Providing healthy and safe food to feed the world’s population is one of the biggest challenges of the twenty first century, accentuated with the backdrop of a fragile global economy. Globally, around one-third of the food produced (estimated at circa 1.3 billion tons), is lost or wasted along the food chain - from production to consumption.

Fruits and vegetables are considered essential food commodities and demonstrate their best benefits when consumed fresh. Consumption as well as production of fresh fruit and vegetables is growing globally; in 2020, the global production of fresh fruit amounted to about 887 million tons, while the production of fresh vegetable amounted to about 1.09 billion tons (2018). According to a report published by Technavio in October 2020, the fresh food market size has the potential to grow by 337.76 million tons from 2020 to 2024, growing at a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of almost 3% during the forecast period, and the market’s growth momentum will accelerate during the forecast period due to the steady increase in year-over-year growth. In the United States, according to a report by Grand View Research, increasing health awareness among the U.S. population and potential development of secondary diseases due to obesity and unhealthy eating habits are propelling the market of fruit and vegetables to reach an estimated $1.1 billion by 2025.

Food Safety and Food Loss

Food Safety

We believe foodborne diseases are a significant public health concern globally. Hundreds of diseases are caused by eating contaminated food. Many diseases are spread through unwashed or untreated produce. With approximately 48 million people in the United States (one in six) getting sick, 128,000 hospitalized, and 3,000 die each year from foodborne diseases, according to recent data published by the FDA, and 23 million in the European region getting sick due to food borne disease, food safety is another major concern and source of waste, placing a material burden on public health and significant healthcare cost. The economic burden of foodborne illness has been estimated to be as high as $90 billion annually.

When considering the farm-to-fork chain, microbial contamination of fresh produce can occur at multiple steps. Contamination can take place during the cultivation of fresh produce, at harvest, during preparation/washing, within distribution chains and transport to shops, and even at the final step in the consumers’ kitchen. We believe this is a significant public health burden that is largely preventable. The FSMA is transforming the United States food safety system by shifting the focus from responding to foodborne illness to preventing it. The Produce Safety rule of the FSMA establishes, for the first time, science-based minimum standards for the safe growing, harvesting, packing, and holding of fruits and vegetables grown for human consumption. The final rule went into effect on January 26, 2016. Sanitization is a cornerstone of FSMA compliance, which requires preventing or eliminating food safety hazards or reducing such hazards to a minimal level.

Markets require many types of produce to be washed prior to sale in order to remove dirt and other debris. Produce can be contaminated with foodborne pathogens before it enters the packing house, and these pathogens cannot be seen with the naked eye. Inability to visually spot pathogens makes the washing step one of the most important steps in packing because, if washing process is not controlled, it can become a source of cross-contamination (when foodborne pathogens fall off contaminated produce into the water where they can contaminate more produce). These washing steps are defined by the packing house safety managers as critical point because water mixed with organic materials are good conditions for pathogens to develop. Therefore, the use of sanitizers should be introduced during the washing step because they are, most of the time, one of the last solutions applied before the produce meets the consumer. Sanitizers are designed to inactivate/kill any bacteria in the water, drastically reducing the possibility of cross-contamination. We believe this represents a significant opportunity for us.

Food Loss

The Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations predicts that about one-third of the food produced globally is wasted or lost every year. Approximately 644 million tons of fruits and vegetables are thrown away each year (representing 42% of the total food wasted every year). A report published in April 2020, generated by the European Innovation Partnership Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability, estimates that in Europe an estimated 9 million tons of food is lost at the production stage (farm), while up to 16.9 million tons are lost at the processing stage (packing houses, etc.).

Much of this loss is caused by spoilage, which can be caused by microorganisms - primarily fungi and mold. In addition, mold and fungi represent the highest numbers of incidents of post-harvest microbial diseases in fresh produce worldwide. Taken together, it is estimated that nearly a third of all food grown is lost between the time that it is grown and harvested and the time that it is packaged for retail sale. Such waste equates to roughly $680 billion in industrialized countries and $310 billion in developing countries.

Post-harvest losses due to spoilage represent a significant problem along the supply chain and lead to profit losses in the millions. The main causes of these losses are pest or disease infestation and incorrect storage conditions, which lead to rotting or loss of fresh mass. Fruits and vegetables are largely damaged after harvest by fungi and other pathogens. It is estimated that an average of 45% of harvested fruit and vegetables are lost globally. Post-harvest diseases have been identified as the greatest cause of post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables, causing significant economic losses. It is estimated that approximately 20 to 25% of the fruit and vegetables harvested are lost due to microbial spoilage during post-harvest handling in developed countries. Furthermore, the demand for fresh fruits and vegetables, especially exotic tropical fruit has contributed to the demand for post-harvest treatments to increase shelf life and maintain quality, resulting in more efficient export trade.

Today, the most common way to protect fresh produce and prevent loss is the use of hazardous chemicals such as fungicides in post-harvest applications. Post-harvest diseases are generally controlled by fungicides. Systemic (non-organic) fungicides, are one of the most commonly used fungicides, for example, non-organic citrus fruits are completely covered by the fungicides, and the residue is persistent for the life of the fruit providing protection. However, as they tend to affect a single biochemical pathway within the pathogen, fungi may readily develop resistance to systemic fungicides. To avoid potential issues with resistance, maximum concentration of fungicides will be generally used to ensure highly efficient eradication of the targeted pathogen which leaves high residue level on the treated produce. Such high concentration levels may have severe negative effects on human health, and the environment mainly due to the carcinogenic and/or teratogenic properties of the compounds, and by their cumulative toxic effects.

The effects of exposure to these hazardous chemicals on humans and the environment are a continuing concern as they are intrinsically toxic and pollute the environment through wastewater discharge from the packing house or a discarded fruit. Therefore, the agricultural use of certain pesticides (in the field or in the packing house) has been significantly reduced or abandoned in some countries leaving the growers with significant challenges.

To control and monitor the potential negative impacts pesticides might have over time, regulatory agencies that regulate pesticides - for example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), the Pest Management Authority Agency in Canada, and the European Food Safety Authority (“EFSA”) in Europe, have defined a maximum residue level (the “MRL”) that can be present on the treated produce. Additionally, more countries require an MRL for the commodity to be imported into their country. As there is increased awareness regarding compliance with MRLs, MRLs have become a much greater concern. These changes have also impacted the market and we believe that consumers spearheaded this change by demanding organic or pesticide-free foods. Recently, consumers have increasingly wanted to understand where and how their food is grown. Retailers and processors have capitalized on what they view as an opportunity to offer more information to consumers. It is more common now for retailers and processors to ask which products have been used on the commodities they are purchasing. There are also retailers and processors banning the use of certain products, requiring any residues to be below the established MRLs. The reduction in MRLs results in lower efficacy of fungicide and increased loss.

We believe that the rising demand for healthy food among the global population will trigger the market’s growth in the forthcoming years. Over the last decade, the organic market in Europe continued to grow and reached €40.7 billion in 2018 with 15.6 million hectares (approximately 38,548,439 acres) (including 2.2 million hectares in Spain, the largest organic area in Europe, followed by 2.0 million hectares in France and 2.0 million hectares in Italy), providing farmers with further added value on their production. The strong growth rates in both production and consumption indicate that the organic market has not yet reached its peak and further growth can still be expected. Organic farming is already responding to further emerging consumer trends such as veganism and demand for locally produced food products, turning these challenges into opportunities.

As consumer demand for organic fruits and vegetables is increasing globally and there is an increasing promotion by government organizations for the adoption of environmentally friendly pesticides, the biorational pesticides market, estimated at $3.1 billion in the year 2022, is projected to reach a revised size of $4.985 billion by 2028, growing at a CAGR of 8.2% during the forecast period 2022-2028. A biorational pesticide is a term used to define any pesticide material that causes relatively no harm to humans or animals and does little or no damage to the environment. We believe that our products could be defined as biorational products.

The global organic food market grew from $259.06 billion in 2022 to $294.54 billion in 2023 at a CAGR of 13.7%. The organic food market is expected to grow from $512.01 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 14.8%¹. In addition, strict regulations have been imposed on the usage of pesticides and GMO-produced crops worldwide. This, in turn, has influenced consumer demand for organic fruits and vegetables.

¹ Organic Food Global Market Report 2023

Case Study - Citrus Fruit

Citrus fruit, which represent one of the main fruits produced worldwide with more than 100 million tons produced worldwide, can be infected by many fungal pathogens, and these pathogens can cause considerable losses during storage and transportation. Losses are mainly caused by Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternata for citrus fruit. Post-harvest treatments such as thiabendazole, imazalil, sodium ortho-phenil phenate or other active ingredients have been used for many years. They are currently the most commonly used fungicides effective for controlling post-harvest fungal pathogens in citrus and they are used in citrus packing houses to maintain fresh fruit, control post-harvest decay, and extend fruit shelf life. However, significant problems such as environmental issues and health concerns have risen in the citrus industry due to chemical residues or the occurrence of pathogenic resistant strains which require the use of even higher concentration of these post-harvest treatments. However, currently, the residues of imazalil on citrus fruits is being revised by the European Commission. The EFSA put forward a proposal in 2018 to cut the MRL for imazalil from 5 milligrams per kilogram to 0.01 milligrams per kilogram, causing worry among Europe’s main citrus producing countries and packers exporting their produce to European countries. Due to the significant impact this proposal could have on the citrus industry, the European Council has decided, in the meantime, to start reducing imazalil residues to four milligrams per kilogram for citrus fruit for a limited period of time to allow the citrus industry an extra time to find green and safe alternatives. Our solutions have already shown its benefits in reducing significantly the residues of imazalil while maintaining the produce shelf life.

Current Market Drivers and Trends

In addition to food safety and food waste concerns, the following market drivers are also shaping the food industry by setting standards and conditions on the main actors in the industry:

The increased consumption of fruits and vegetables in combination with the current regulation and consumers’ demand for healthier food has placed a greater burden on the fresh produce industry to provide food products that are fresher in quality, demonstrate an extended shelf life and are safer to consume.

The aforementioned changes provide a unique opportunity for us to introduce our products and solutions. We are aiming to become a significant player in post-harvest green produce treatment, fully responsive to the world’s ongoing change in fruit and vegetables consumption, food safety requirements as well as regulations and consumer demand to eliminate the use of hazardous chemicals.

Our Core Products and Solutions

Our innovative products address what we believe to be two of the most significant challenges in the food industry: food safety promotion and food loss reduction. Our main product lines consist of a proprietary blend of organic food acids applied in pre- and post-harvest applications, which is designed to work together with an oxidizing agent (Save Foods solution) in order to improve food safety and increase fruit and vegetable’ shelf life by reducing microbial spoilage.

In pre-harvest application, our solutions could be applied several times up to 24 hours prior to the harvest. In post-harvest applications, the main steps are cleaning, sanitization and coating (wax). Our solutions address the cleaning and sanitization application points which are the critical first steps for preserving the quality of fresh produce by controlling microbial contamination related to food safety (e.g., Listeria, Salmonella, E. coli) and food loss due to microbial spoilage (e.g., fungi, mold and yeast). In general, the current process includes an initial washing step to remove soil and other debris, which improves the product appearance and lowers the product temperature. The next step includes sanitation or disinfection methods combined with fungicides that can further reduce the presence and prevent the transfer of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms on fresh produce surfaces. The last step usually includes application of wax sometimes combined with an additional application of fungicides to prevent or reduce physiological changes and risks of spoilage. Our main products and solutions are applied at the cleaning and sanitization steps.

One of the main advantages of our solutions based on our food acid blend is its non-toxic residues that are providing protection to the treated produce. And we believe that all the blend ingredients are recognized by the FDA as GRAS when used as intended in fruit and vegetable wash applications. Moreover, they significantly reduce or eliminate the need for additional post-harvest applications with conventional fungicide by at least 50%, and in some cases entirely, and can reduce food waste due to spoilage by up to 50% (see results below on easy peelers and mango) at the retail level.

² 2022 AgFunder AgriFoodTech Investment Report

Our main products are SavePROTECT or PeroStar, which are an application added to fruit and vegetable wash water as a processing aid to peracetic acid (oxidizing agent) to increase its efficiency against plant pathogens and reduce produce loss.

Processing Aids - SavePROTECT or PeroStar

Processing aids are products that are intended to be used with other products to aid the application or enhance the effect of that product. Save Foods processing aids, which are marketed as SavePROTECT in the Americas and PeroStar in the rest of the world, are based on our proprietary blend of food acids and are added to the wash water at the cleaning and sanitization stages simultaneously with a low concentration of peracetic acid (“PAA”), the active agent. This food acid blend serves several functions:

During 2020, we ran a series of proof of concept and small trials in collaboration with commercial partners on pears, avocado, easy peelers, lime, mango, bell pepper, lemons, fresh cut vegetables and figs. During 2021 and the first quarter of 2022, we initiated a proof of concept in bananas, lychee, berries, pomegranate, broccoli, tomato and eggplant. Since the fourth quarter of 2021, we have expanded our footprint to additional countries that are facing export challenges to Europe such as Peru, Turkey, South Africa and Mexico. As of December 31, 2022, we fully commercialized our solution with respect to easy peelers, lime, bell peppers, dates and avocado.

Results on Berries

Berries are easily perishable and maintaining fresh quality after harvest depends on proper handling, transportation, and storage. If berries are not properly handled during and after the harvest, they lose nutritional and monetary value.

Strawberries, raspberries, black raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries are picked fully ripe for best appearance and eating quality. Because they are so delicate and easily damaged, they are usually picked directly into final containers to minimize handling, so grading and sorting of damaged or decaying fruit happens as the crop is picked. Even when they are handled under optimal harvesting temperature and humidity conditions, their shelf life is still short compared to most fruits and vegetables. Finally, even though it is common knowledge that consumers should be washing the berries before consuming them, this doesn’t always happen. That makes farm food safety procedures crucial to minimize the risk of spreading foodborne pathogens.

During the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2021, and the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022, we began working with raspberries and strawberries producers to apply our solutions with the goal to extend their shelf life. The results of the trials have shown that for raspberries, our solutions have reclaimed 80% of the raspberries that would otherwise have gone to waste. The trial pushed the boundaries of the raspberries’ shelf life, with 10 days in cold storage and three more days at room temperature, after which three times as many berries were viable to be sold. For strawberries, our treatments have shown a waste reduction of 85% after 15 days.

In addition, after successful pilots on raspberries and strawberries, we decided to conduct a pilot on blueberries in February 2022. In most cases, there are no known treatments for disinfection or post-harvest pathogen prevention in blueberries. The experiment simulated long shipment of blueberries in cold storage for one month. The results demonstrated that our solution protected blueberries from pathogens’ contamination and, subsequently, extended their shelf life by seven days.

Results on Avocado

During September 2021, we began a commercial pilot with Milopri, the avocado packer of Galilee Export, to evaluate Save Foods’ solution on avocados. While our application was applied on the packing line, boxes of avocado were put aside for shelf-life evaluation. After 16 days at room temperature, the avocado treated with our solution showed the lowest percentage of decay resulting in two times more avocado available for consumption.

Following this successful commercial pilot, Milopri fully adopted and implemented our solutions by August 2022 with the intention to be ready for the 2022 - 2023 avocado season, which began in September 2022 and is expected to end by the end of the second quarter of 2023.

Results on Bell-peppers

The Arava region in southern Israel produces approximately 60% of all the fresh vegetables that Israel exports, and bell peppers are its leading exported vegetable. At the beginning of the bell pepper season (September 2021), we began commercial pilots in two large packing houses in order to evaluate the benefits of our solution as applied to bell peppers. During September 2022, after successfully evaluating our solutions, these two large packing houses began using our solutions as their commercial treatment.

Our solutions have shown a decay reduction compared to the current industry standards and have maintained the firmness of the bell pepper overtime. While Israeli packers in the region are struggling to maintain a reasonable shelf life for their produce during the export process, our solutions have shown a significant improvement in export performance. The foregoing pilot demonstrated that bell peppers, after applying our solution, sustained 70% less decay after 28 days (23 days in cold storage and an additional five days at room temperature) translating into 20% more bell peppers to sell and consume. The post-harvest team at the Central-and Northern-Arava Research and Development center validated these results and the results were thereafter published in an Israeli local professional agriculture journal.

Results on Easy Peelers

Easy peelers are citrus fruits that are easier to peel, such as tangerines, mandarins, satsumas, and clementines. As previously described, imazalil is currently one of the most commonly used fungicide that is effective in controlling post-harvest fungal pathogens in citrus. Currently, the residues of imazalil on citrus fruit is being revised by the European Commission and have already been reduced, and this reduction poses challenges, especially to packing houses exporting to Europe.

Between February and June 2020, we collaborated with the Israeli branch of one of the largest worldwide post-harvest service companies to demonstrate the safety and ability of PeroStar to meet the new requirement of reduced residue level of imazalil and efficiently control decay against the most common pathogens attacking citrus fruit such as green mold (Penecillium digitatum) and sour rot (Geotrichum candidum). The experiment simulated the applications in a packing house which tested the use of imazalil with and without our products. The reference used in the trials to compare the results was the maximum amount of imazalil allowed and the current treatment in the packing house which is a combination of PAA and imazalil as well as PAA alone to simulate treatment in organic settings.

To ensure the efficacy of the products, it is customary to deliberately infect the fruit with the target pathogen at a concentration of around 10 and to inoculate it for 16 to 24 hours before applying the solution. Following the application, the fruit was stored in cold storage for between 9 to 21 days and then stored in room temperature for shelf-life evaluation.

During these months, we ran a series of trials from small scale/lab test (between 350 to 500 fruits per trial) to semi-commercial application (more than 1000 fruits per trial). The semi-commercial pilots were run in Ashkelon, Israel on the packing line of Mehadrin in Israel, a well-know and recognized citrus packer. From January 2022 until January 2023, Mehadrin was applying our solutions on produce in one of its packing-lines in Ashkelon, Israel, in which Mehadrin had reported a reduction of 50% of pesticide usage. Due to technical reasons, our commercial implementation with Mehadrin recently transitioned to a packing-line in Netanya, Israel, for additional pilots.

The results of the trials have shown that PeroStar significantly reduced the need for additional post-harvest applications with imazalil by at least 50%, and in some cases entirely while improving the fruit shelf life, reducing waste). In addition, the use of PeroStar allows the packing house to meet the new limitations of imazalil utilization as well as meet its goal to apply greener and safer products (see graph below).

Results on Mangos

We recently tested our PeroStar on mangos in collaboration with the Israeli-based Volcani Center for Agricultural Research. The goal of the test was to evaluate the effectiveness of PeroStar in preventing decay in harvested mangos in comparison with fludioxonil. Fludioxonil is a fungicide that is commercially available in Israel at a level of 250 to 300 parts per million. Fludioxonil is deemed to be an effective fungicide against fungi that attack the mango post-harvest, yet there is a growing need for “greener” solutions, given Fludioxonil’s level of toxicity.

Mangos were stored for three weeks after treatment at 12°C and an additional week of shelf life at 20°C in what would typically simulate a mango crate shipment to Europe and retailers in similarly distanced markets.

Results after evaluation have shown us that the treatment with PeroStar, improved the biocide activity of the PAA, which resulted in a reduction in both side decay and stem-end rot (common pathogens in mango) leading to an extended shelf life with no use of fungicide (as demonstrated in the picture below). In addition, the results also showed that the combination of PeroStar with a low concentration of fludioxonil reduced the post-harvest decay to zero. The results (as presented in the graph below) demonstrate that applying PeroStar enables mango producers to achieve an improved shelf life of produce compared to the current solution while reducing the use of conventional chemical pesticides.

During 2022, an independent study, performed by Itay Noked, agronomist and independent researcher (M.Sc. Post-Harvest), showed that our solution can extend the shelf life and freshness of mangos while virtually eliminating the use of post-harvest pesticides; after 21 days in storage and 15 days on the shelf, twice as many mangos were still edible when compared to mangos that didn’t undergo treatment, and 75% less pesticides were used.

Following these pilots, a commercial application was performed with an Israeli mango packer, in which only 25% fungicide were used together with our solution and compared to the current commercial application with 100% fungicide. Following such application, both batches of fruits were sent to a leading fresh produce distributor in Europe, and both were successfully distributed, demonstrating that our solutions help reduce up to 75% of the applied fungicide. We expect to start our commercial activities during the upcoming mango season in 2023.

Results on Limes

Following a successful pilot in Mexico on Persian lime (where SavePROTECT has reduced to zero the fruit decay after 21 days as shown in the graph below), the packing house bought its first batch to start its utilization of our product. Thereafter, and beginning in June 2021, the packing house began applying our solution to all of its packing facilities in Mexico.

Based on these results, food retailers may benefit from additional income of up to $126 per ton of limes assuming a conservative average price of $3,000 per ton (based on an average price per pound lime of $1.49 in 2019), as presented in the graph below.

The European Union is a significant target market for our organic food acid blends because of strict regulations that are being imposed on the use of pesticides and GMO-produced crops, as well as health conscious consumers who represent a growing demand for organic fruits and vegetables. In August 2020, we submitted a regulatory dossier for our PeroStar as a processing aid to be used with PAA in Spain and Italy, two of the largest fruit and vegetables producers in Europe. See “Government Regulation and Product Approval” below.

Commercialization Stage

The table below summarizes our commercialization efforts and activities as of February 2023.

Sanitizer – SF3HS or SF3H

Post-harvest sanitizers are considered a pesticide and regulated by the EPA in the United States. The EPA will review toxicity data and results from tests to show how well the product kills bacteria to determine if the product should be approved. See “Government Regulation and Product Approval” below.

This sub-category of products is based on our proprietary blend of food acids combined with hydrogen peroxide as the oxizider and includes SF3HS and SF3H. We believe that this category of products will be an improved sanitizer as compared to traditional sanitizers. SF3HS and SF3H are public health antimicrobial pesticide products that bear a claim to control by at least a 3 log10 reduction (99.9%) pest microorganisms that pose a threat to human health (foodborne pathogens), and whose presence cannot readily be observed by the consumer.

After we have finalized our toxicological studies, we conducted a series of microbial trials in laboratories in both the United States and Israel in non-Good Laboratory Practice settings in order to evaluate the efficacy of SF3H as an antimicrobial agent to reduce foodborne pathogenic bacteria in “processing water” for fruit and vegetables. We used a modification of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Germicidal and Detergent Sanitizing Action of Disinfectants method and test protocol EN1276 (European standard for the evaluation of chemical disinfectant or antiseptic for bactericidal activity). The tested organisms are Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7.

The last test was performed by Analytical Lab Group on a mix culture of Listeria monocytogenes with an exposure time of 30 seconds. The results showed more than 99.99999% (>7.51 Log10) reduction. In Israel, the tests were performed by the Institute for Food Microbiology and Consumer Good Health on a single strain for each pathogen (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli) with exposure time of 30 seconds and the results have shown between 99.99% to 99.9999% reduction. Exposure time is a key parameter in sanitization process, therefore allowing a short contact time is a significant advantage over the competition where the current minimum contact time available is 45 seconds.

Following the advice of our board of Directors, we recently decided to postpone our GLP efficacy studies for the time being in order to concentrate our efforts on the commercialization of our adjuvant, SavePROTECT/ PeroStar solutions.

Results on Avocados (food safety)

We have tested the efficacy of our SF3H and SF3HS products against Listeria on 40 avocados of which 10 avocados were treated with our SF3H and SF3HS products. The peel of the avocado was punctured and infected with high level of Listeria. The results have shown a 99.99% reduction within fifteen seconds of exposure time. In addition, we have also tested the efficacy of SF3H on avocado’s shelf life compared to current treatments (12 avocados per treatment). The results (demonstrated below) show that after 18 days in room temperature the treated avocados display material reduction in microbial spoilage as compared to avocados treated with water and chlorine, a well-known sanitizer.

Results on Microgreens (food safety)

An increasing number of studies point to the growing demand for locally sourced, organic vegetables. Various types of “young vegetables,” such as sprouts, microgreens and baby greens, are becoming increasingly popular due to their high nutritional value. Microgreens are deemed premium products and command higher retail value. They also belong to a group of “functional foods” and have high levels of bioactive compounds, while requiring less water and energy to grow, which they do year-round. Currently, microgreens are largely being cultivated in major greenhouses across the United States. According to Agrilyst, an agro-intelligence platform, greenhouse cultivation of microgreens was the highest in South and Northeast regions, each accounting for 71% and 59% in 2017. While consumers in the United States are more focused on growing leafy greens and microgreens than any other vegetables.

We have tested the efficacy of our SF3H products to control and prevent potential pathogen contamination on microherbs (pea and sorrel) produced by Israeli-based microgreens exporter 2BFresh. Our treatment combined a post-harvest spray application and a fogging treatment to be used in the cooldown storage room. In order to determine the efficacy of the product, 25 swabs were taken across 18 trays (nine of each microgreen species). The results showed more than 90% reduction of the total bacterial load post-treatment.

We believe that our SF3HS and SF3H provide improved sanitization of bacteria (including E. coli, Salmonella and Listeria) while leaving no toxic residues on fruits and vegetables.

We expect the first commercialization of SF3H and SF3HS at the earliest by the end of -2025.

Other Products

Our product portfolio also includes the SpuDefender and FreshProtect.

SpuDefender

SpuDefender is one of our EPA-registered products which targets and is designed to control the post-harvest potato sprout. Due to the European Commission’s decision on January 1, 2020, to no longer allow the use of the herbicide chlorpropham (the “CIPC”), the post-harvest potato industry is looking for new solutions. For over 50 years, CIPC was widely used as a sprout suppressing agrochemical agent applied to potatoes that were stored in processing facilities.

Following recent discussions with post-harvest experts and potential customers, we believe we should concentrate our efforts on the commercialization of our adjuvants. Furthermore, we believe that our SpuDefender product may offer a successful alternative to CIPC. We intend to initiate pilot tests with potential customers to treat potatoes pre-storage (three to six months storage in average) in 2024.

FreshProtect

FreshProtect is our second EPA registered product, which targets and is designed to control spoilage-creating microorganisms on post-harvest citrus fruit. The registered label of the product only allows us to market and sell FreshProtect in the United States (excluding California). However, we believe that FreshProtect has a significant potential in reducing the bacterial load entering the packing house in the pre-harvest market. The non-toxicity of FreshProtect allows its application up to the day of harvest (0-day pre-harvest interval), which is critical to prolong crop protection and reduce microbial spoilage.

We recently ran a proof-of-concept study under a controlled group environment of different plant fungi responsible for decay which showed promising initial results.

Recently, Dr. Jim Adaskaveg, Professor at the Microbiology and Plant Pathology Department at the University of California, Riverside, reported the completion of several successful field trials with FreshProtect on citrus trees where he demonstrated a significant reduction of decay in treated fruit and a reduction in bacterial populations.

The main conclusions of the trials were that FreshProtect with concentration of 1% and 2% applied at 400 gallons per acre materially reduced sour-rot on inoculated fruit. While both rates were also effective against fruit inoculated with P. digitatum, (i.e., fungus found in the soil of citrus-producing areas and major source of post-harvest decay), the 2% concentration of FreshProtect demonstrated significantly more efficacy at reducing sour-rot. Natural incidence of Penicillium spp. (a family of fungi) was also reduced on fruit inoculated with G. candidum, fungus that is a member of the human microbiome.

Furthermore, FreshProtect can be used in combination with several different kinds of pesticides and fertilizers which allows the application of more than one pesticide at once. This in turn reduces cost and facilitates implementation. The graph below summarizes these results:

The regulation for pre-harvest (in the field) application especially in California as well as in Israel may take more time than post-harvest application due the potential impact on the environment. We submitted the pre-harvest regulatory dossier on January 2023 in the US. In parallel, we started to run additional pilots in Israel with potential strategic partners in order for them to evaluate and validate the potential of FreshProtect for the pre-harvest market. We expect the registration of the product in the U.S. by the end of 2023. Once registered at the EPA level, we would be able to start the registration in California.

Our Strengths

We believe that our main strengths include:

Our Strategy

In September 2018, we changed our organizational structure and management team. After reviewing the then existing strategy and results of operation, as well as examining the market opportunities, the new management team decided to update our strategy, reduce the marketing and sales of its existing products, and focus our efforts and financial resources in developing its next generation products. During the years 2019 and 2020, we developed, validated and tested the efficacy of our next generation product - a blend of food acids - on a variety of crops in small and large scale commercial pilots. During 2021, following the completion of certain successful pilots conducted in 2020, we shifted our strategic focus to marketing, sales and overall commercialization of its products.

Over the course of 2022, we understood that working with global post-harvest service companies is challenging, especially when considering that our solutions reduce or replace their lucrative products (fungicides) on the packing line. Furthermore, we concluded that the validation of our solutions by these post-harvest service companies is long and required multiple pilots over several years. In addition, following the positive results on berries, and taking into account the short shelf life and the lack of existing solutions, we decided to focus our efforts on developing such solutions since a shorter shelf life may reduce our sale cycle and, accordingly, present greater market opportunity.

Therefore, we have revised our strategy, to commercialize our products directly to leading packing houses and through strategic partnerships with post-harvest service companies that work with local partners and/or distributors and focus more on produce that is significantly improved by our solutions while shortening the evaluation period. Our ultimate goal is to eventually gain presence in a variety of businesses compromising the food industry, including pre-harvest, post-harvest, retail and consumer businesses.

In order to achieve our goals, we intend to:

Selling and Marketing

Although over the course of 2022, we ran over fifty successful pilots with potential commercial partners, we discovered that the sale cycle is significantly longer than we had anticipated and noted it would take, on average, at least two seasons for our new solutions to be fully implemented.

Therefore, to maximize our efforts during 2023, we optimized our marketing and sales strategy. We now concentrate our efforts first on high value crops, such as avocado, mango, citrus, pears, various berries, dates and bell peppers, while targeting larger producing countries in both the northern and southern hemispheres to overcome the seasonal effect. By March 2023, we expect to conduct pilots in South and Central America, the United States, South Africa, Turkey, Egypt, and Israel, and we are exploring collaboration opportunities in Morocco. In addition, to shorten the length of our pilots, we now aim to target fresh produce with a comparatively shorter shelf life, including various berries. Over the next 12 months, we intend to focus mainly on following up with the pilots performed during the last 18 months and convert them into full commercial applications. To facilitate our market penetration, we are collaborating with local agents and experts in various jurisdictions, each of which has connections with packers and retailers on the ground, which helps us bridge the language and cultural gaps.

The table below summarizes the market opportunities for selected produce in our target markets.

Turkey

While Turkey is not a member of the EU, the EU estimates that more than 42 percent of all Turkish exports go to EU member states, which will soon be bound by stricter rules about the origin of their imports. Turkey’s Ministry of Trade estimated that in 2020 the total value of Turkish exports to the EU exceeded €120 billion.

Since August 2021, we have been working with a local post-harvest agent to introduce us to local Turkish packers. Our current focus in Turkey is the citrus sector, and as of December 2021, we had three pilots ongoing with leading packers in Turkey. Following these pilots, Kalyoncu began implementing our solution in their citrus line next to Mersin.

We are targeting additional citrus packing houses in Turkey, which we expect to be ready for the upcoming citrus season of 2022-2023. In addition to citrus, we plan to commence a pilot of our treatment on bell peppers in Turkey.

Mexico

To promote our activities in Mexico, we are collaborating with Agrinet S. A., an agritech consultancy firm with expertise in introducing new products into Mexico. Agrinet has initiated a pilot program across Mexico to demonstrate the benefits of Save Foods solution. The program included several packing house companies in Mexico that export mainly to the United States. In mid-2022, we decided, together with Agrinet, that it would be economically advantageous to focus on sales with lime packing companies.

Following successful pilots conducted between August and October of 2020 on Persian lime, SiCar, one of the largest packers of Persian lime in Mexico, is now applying our solution in all of their packing houses in Mexico. Mexico is the largest producer of Persian limes.

Israel

During January 2022, the beginning of the easy peeler season in Israel, Mehadrin, the largest citrus packing house in Israel, began using our solution in their citrus packing houses.

Over the course of 2022, we ran additional pilots with large packing houses in Israel on pears, berries, pomegranate and tomatoes. Following several successful pilots on pears, a leading Israeli pear packing company elected to use our solutions as their commercial applications and plans to implement our solutions in its facilities by mid-2023.

On September 11, 2020, we signed a five-year exclusive distribution agreement with Safe-Pack Products Ltd., according to which we granted Safe-Pack an exclusive right to resell, distribute, advertise, and market our products in the citrus industry in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Following review and careful consideration, this agreement was not profitable for both parties as initially expected and was mutually terminated in September 2022.

United States

The first market we target for the sale and distribution of SavePROTECT is the post-harvest citrus industry in the State of California, which alone accounts for approximately 80% of all fruits and vegetables in the United States.

Over the last three years, we have treated more than 200,000 tons of citrus fruit with the different version of our SavePROTECT product. Under the supervision of a world leading packing house to the citrus fruit industry, we evidenced SavePROTECT utility as having a good safety profile, ensuring food safety and in controlling microbial spoilage. We plan to leverage this collaboration in order to further penetrate the citrus based fruit packing industry, both in California and beyond.

The Post-harvest treatment market for fruits and vegetables, which is projected to grow from $1.5 billion in 2019 to $2.3 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period, is led globally by select companies, including DECCO U.S. Post-Harvest, Inc., (United States), Pace International, (United States), Xeda International (France), John Bean Technologies (United States) and Agrofresh (United States).

During October 2021, we secured the appropriate regulatory approvals and, accordingly, we plan to further penetrate this market for the upcoming citrus season of 2022-2023. We currently focus on post-harvest treatment for the citrus industry (as well as mangos and avocados) in addition to pilot studies with leading packers expected to begin in March-April 2023, to evaluate and validate the efficiency of our solutions in their packing facilities.

On September 22, 2020, we entered into a non-exclusive commission agreement with Earthbound Technologies, LLC (“EBT”) for a period of 12 months, according to which EBT will introduce us to potential clients, pre-approved by us (the “Introduced Parties”) and will assist us in finalizing commercial agreements with the Introduced Parties. In consideration for its services, we agreed to pay EBT 12.5% of the net revenues generated from the Introduced Parties (during the agreement period and within 18 months following the termination of the agreement) up to a total aggregated amount of $2,000,000, provided that the compensation shall not exceed 25% of our gross profit under the given commercial agreement signed with the Introduced Party. In addition, in the event that the aggregated net revenues generated from the Introduced Parties exceeds $500,000, and subject to the approval of our board of directors, we will issue to EBT 7,143 options to purchase 7,143 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.4 per share. In the event that certain additional events detailed in the agreement occur, we will also issue to EBT, subject to the approval of our board of directors, an additional 7,143 options to purchase 7,143 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.4 per share. Until the date hereof, we have paid EBT an aggregate of $18,271 for the year 2022, there were no issuances of shares or options.

Spain

Following a collaboration with one of the world’s leading post-harvest treatment service vendors in Spain during 2020, in which we examined our product on citrus fruit, we began the registration process of our product, PeroStar. We believe our product could be an improved alternative to current fungicides that will soon be significantly reduced in this market.

Intellectual Property

We rely on patents and trade secret protection laws to protect our proprietary products and intellectual property. We entered into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, customers, service providers and vendors that cover, inter alia, our technology and proprietary manufacturing processes.

As of the date hereof, we own ten issued patents, and one allowed patent application, all which help protect our technology. These patents were granted in Israel, the United States and Europe and are valid until between 2031 and 2041. In addition, eleven further patent applications are also pending in the various stages.

Compositions and Methods of Treating Edible Matter and Substrates Therefor

This patent family includes granted patents in the United States, Israel, and an allowed application in Europe and is directed to a method for protecting edible matter from decay by applying to the edible matter a disinfecting composition containing, among other things, (1) phosphonic or phosphoric acid, (2) a carboxylic acid, (3) performic acid, (4) a performic acid source (such as formic acid) and an oxidizer (such as hydrogen peroxide).

Methods for Improving the Appearance of Edible Plant Matter

This patent family includes a granted patent in Israel and is directed to a method of improving the appearance of edible plant matter either during the pre-harvest or post-harvest stage. The method includes applying a composition based on phosphonic acid to the edible plant matter.

Method and Apparatus for Maintaining Fresh Produce in a Transportation Container

This patent family includes granted patents in both Israel and the United States, it relates to a method used to maintain fresh produce stored in transportation containers. The apparatus is configured to generate an aerosol of one or more liquid pesticides, thereby reducing pathogenic contamination within the transportation container. This patent family covers any liquid pesticide for use in the above-mentioned apparatus.

Sterilization Compositions and Methods for Use Thereof

This patent family is directed to compositions and methods for reducing pathogen load within a container or on a surface, including inter alia the surface of an edible plant matter. Furthermore, the application is directed to compositions and methods for disinfection of cooling systems.

Sterilization Devices and Methods for Use Thereof

This patent family is directed to a device for controlling pathogen load within a container or on a surface by spraying a disinfecting composition in response to a trigger, such as increased pathogenic contamination.

Compositions Comprising of Several Organic Acids and Use Thereof

This patent family is directed to kits and methods for controlling pathogen load within or on the surface of an edible plant matter.

Combined Fungicidal Preparations and Methods for Use Thereof

This patent family is directed to compositions and to methods for reducing pathogen load on a substrate.

We cannot be sure that any patent will be granted with respect to any of our pending patent applications or with respect to any patent applications filed by us in the future. There is also a significant risk that any issued patents will have substantially narrower claims than those that are currently sought.

Competition

Given that the market for the use of green and “residue free” solutions is evolving, we are continually facing growing competition. The market for post-harvest solutions is fragmented and includes various regional suppliers. The market of post-harvest treatments for fruits and vegetables is dominated by five large players with wide reach across the globe. We believe that a market edge will be given to a company that can solidify its reputation, product quality, customer service and customer intimacy, product innovation, technical service and value creation. Based on these variables, we believe that we compete favorably when compared with the global competition in this market.

Currently, our main competitors are companies providing PAA, chlorine and other sanitization solutions, such as Ozone as well as technology companies developing new biorational fungicides.

We also compete with heavily diversified multi-national chemical conglomerates, who produce various biocide formulations designed to kill or deactivate pathogenic micro-organisms. Of these, two companies are the most significant:

In addition, we have several indirect competitors, which are companies with whom we seek to make strategic partnerships - large companies specializing in post-harvest solutions for the agricultural industry. This has been more difficult than initially anticipated due to our solutions reducing these companies’ revenues from certain fungicides used on produce. Such companies include:

We also consider Citrosol, Xeda International, JBT and Agrofresh as our indirect competitors (and current or potential collaborators).

The organic market offers a huge trade and income potential for producers, processors and trading companies globally. The rising demand of various organic products has driven the demand of organic post-harvest treatments. Green and organic technologies are increasingly being developed in a global market and several conventional post-harvest product and equipment suppliers, such as Citrosol, Fomesa and Peroxychem, have taken the opportunity and are starting to develop natural products.

Research and Development

In the last two years we spent an aggregate of $1,309,510 on research and development. In late 2022, our board of directors resolved to implement certain cost reduction measures, in light of the prevailing macroeconomic conditions and certain results of our operations. These cost reduction measures, included inter alia, the reduction of our budget in connection with our research and development activities and to focus mainly on the commercialization of our solutions with emphasis on converting recently completed pilots into paying customers.

Post-Harvest

During 2022, we worked on the compatibility and synergistic effect of our processing aids products SavePROTECT/PeroStar with additional post-harvest treatments used in the packing house to provide an efficient, greener and cost-effective solution.

In addition, we have tested a natural edible coating for microbial safety and food quality enhancement in combination with our solutions with no conclusive results so far.

In addition to analytical methods, we have worked first on the optimization of our delivery system and we are collaborating with an industrial engineering company to develop a new cost-effective delivery system that will be combined with the collection and transmission of data to provide users with analytics and optimization tools and increase our presence in the packing house.

Pre-Harvest – FreshProtect and our Adjuvant

We are also focused on developing new eco-friendly pre-harvest products which will improve post-harvest management practices by reduction of total microbial load, before even entering the packing house. An effective pre-harvest solution may reduce the need for post-harvest chemical fungicides while increasing profit through reduced spoilage in supply chains. In addition, the potential of addressing pre-harvest solution might offer new opportunities for treating crops, such as rice and wheat, with large market potential.

In pre-harvest application, one of the main advantages of our products is the non-toxicity of its ingredients, allowing its application up to the day of harvest (0-day pre-harvest interval), which is critical to prolonged crop protection and reduced microbial spoilage while reducing the total bacterial load entering the packing house. Field studies are conducted by Dr. James E. Adaskeveg from University of California, Riverside and the largest grower cooperative in CA in the United States on citrus trees to determine the effectiveness, optimize use protocol and effect on the environment. Additionally, in 2022, we conducted pre-harvest studies with leading Israeli citrus packers and independent mango researchers.

Production

In Israel, we work exclusively with Zohar Dalia, a reputable chemical production company. Based on our formulation and guidance, Zohar Dalia is producing our PeroStar and any other small-scale formulation that we might need for the commercialization of our solutions. Zohar Dalia is particularly regarded for its deep understanding and experience working with oxidizer like hydrogen peroxide and PAA.

In the United States, we work with Seeler Industries, a national leader in marketing, handling, and in the termination of hydrogen peroxide.

In South Africa, we began working with a local producer Auryon Industries. This producer will supply our products to our clients in Egypt and be our “backup” production site.

All our producers, purchase all raw materials necessary for the production of our products. All ingredients and/or raw materials that are used in the creation of our products are commodities and are readily available for purchase off the shelf.

Government Regulation and Product Approval

Our products are subject to national, state and local government regulations. Based on the product claims and classification, different regulatory and registration requirements may apply at the state, provincial or federal level.

Regulation of Our Processing Aid - SavePROTECT or PeroStar

In the United States, our SavePROTECT product does not make any pesticidal claims and is not intended for use as a pesticide and, therefore, is not subject to the registration requirements of FIFRA. However, since the product is used on raw agricultural commodities in food processing facilities, the product is subject to regulation under the FFDCA. We believe that the product is in compliance with the FFDCA since every ingredient in the product can be considered GRAS when used as intended and the product does not have pesticidal activity per se.

Although SavePROTECT is not a pesticide under FIFRA, it is still required to be registered in California because the California statute requires the registration of both pesticide and adjuvant products.

On July 31, 2020, we submitted an “Application for Registration of Adjuvant” for SavePROTECT to the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (the “CDPR”). The dossier submitted included the following studies: (i) acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity studies, (ii) physico-chemical property testing (determination of color, physical state, odor, density, pH, viscosity and oxidation/reduction chemical incompatibility), (iii) validation of the high-performance liquid chromatography method assay, (iv) stability test, and (iv) efficacy data.

Based on the intended use and claims for SavePROTECT, our product was registered with CDPR on October 27, 2021 as an adjuvant.

In addition, based on the opinion of our U.S. regulatory experts, all SavePROTECT ingredients are GRAS when used as intended and product does not have pesticidal activity.

In December 2021, we submitted an application for certification for our SavePROTECT to the OMRI, an international nonprofit organization that determines which input products are allowed for use in organic production and processing. OMRI Listed® products are allowed for use in certified organic operations under the USDA National Organic Program. OMRI reviews input products to verify that they meet the organic standards for use on organic farms or in organic processing. OMRI is recognized by the USDA National Organic Program as a reputable third-party input reviewer in Interim Instruction 3012 of the NOP Handbook. In addition, OMRI is accredited under the International Organization for Standardization ISO 17065 by the USDA Quality Assessment Division.

In June 2022, our SavePROTECT Organic was listed by OMRI allowing us to address the certified organic industry as well.

In Europe, processing aids are defined as substances that are added to exert a technological function during food processing and which may end up in the finished product. According to Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008, processing aids means any substance which (i) is not consumed as food by itself; (ii) is intentionally used in the processing of raw materials, foods or their ingredients, to fulfil a certain technological purpose during treatment or processing; and (iii) may result in the unintentional but technically unavoidable presence in the final product as residues of the substance or its derivatives, provided they do not present any health risk and do not have any technological effect on the final product.

Processing aids are differentiated from food additives, which are substances that are added to food with the intention to exert a technological function within the final food product. Therefore, processing aids must not follow the EFSA guideline of “Data Requirements for the Evaluation of Food Additive Applications.”

In Europe, our PeroStar is not considered a processing aid in the enzymatic preparation category and, therefore, PeroStar is only regulated at the national level. While there are no harmonised requirements regarding the registration of a processing aids, some data (such as full composition and some toxicological data) must be disclosed and discussed with the competent authorities before the submission of a registration request.

In Spain, the guidelines for precise documentation for evaluation of technological adjuvants intended to be used in human food, state specific conditions for the assessment, authorization and use of all other types of processing aids, which are not processing aids in the enzymatic preparation category. During the third quarter of 2020, we submitted a regulatory dossier as a processing aid for PeroStar in Spain and Italy with very similar information as the regulatory dossier submitted in California. In December 2022, our European regulatory consultant informed us that we satisfied the safety requirement and that no further registration is required at this time.

In Mexico, based on the product composition and the legal status of the substances to be used as food additives, our PeroStar/SavePROTECT can be marketed and used in Mexico as a food additive (processing aid) and no registration is required (pending the final confirmation from Mexican government).

In Israel, the guidelines of the National Food Services, Ministry of Health, define the requirements for cleaning and disinfectant agents used with food. These guidelines state that such cleaning and disinfectant agents applied to the cleaning equipment which comes into direct contact with food, must not contain carcinogens. Specifically, List A and List B published by the Inter-ministerial Committee on Carcinogens, Mutagens and Teratogens of the Ministry of Health identify products and ingredients with carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties. Our regulatory consultant in Israel has confirmed that our PeroStar does not contain carcinogens, mutagens and/or teratogens, and, therefore, is considered approved in terms of the relevant regulations of the National Food Services, Ministry of Health, and can be used as an additive to cleaning and disinfectant agents for fresh produce.

On January 22, 2022, we received an approval from Peru’s Ministry of Agricultural Development and Irrigation to sell our products in Peru.

Registration of Our SpuDefender and FrehProtect

We currently have registrations for our SpuDefender (EPA Reg. No. 86381-1) and our FreshProtect (EPA Reg. No. 86381-2), at both the federal level and in the individual states where the products are sold for the use in post-harvest settings. To allow the utilization of our FreshProtect in pre-harvest settings, we submitted to EPA an updated product label in January 2023.

Regulation of Our Sanitizers - SF3H and SF3HS

In the United States, the primary federal laws that regulate the sale and distribution of our sanitizer products are the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (“FIFRA”) and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FFDCA”).

FIFRA is the federal law that regulates the sale and distribution of pesticides and is administered by the EPA. Products that claim or are otherwise intended to control microorganisms on inanimate surfaces, in water and on raw agricultural commodities are regulated, under FIFRA, as pesticides. FIFRA generally requires the pre-market registration of pesticide products. To register a pesticide product, we are required to provide test data and related information to demonstrate that the product is safe and effective under the conditions of use, as specified on the product label. The cost and timeframe to achieve EPA product registration depends on the type of product and the claims made for the product. Registered products are also subject to a number of recordkeeping and reporting obligations which require constant product oversight by companies.

Pursuant to FIFRA and Section 408 of the FFDCA, the EPA establishes tolerances for pesticide chemical residues that could remain in or on food, including raw agricultural commodities. A tolerance is the EPA established maximum residue level of a specific pesticide chemical that is permitted in or on a human or animal food in the United States. Generally, any pesticide chemical residue must have either a tolerance or an exemption from the requirement to have a tolerance in order to be permitted in or on human or animal food. The FDA enforces the tolerances pursuant to its authority under the FFDCA.

The FFDCA regulates the sale and distribution of drugs, medical devices, cosmetics and foods (including substances added to and found in food such as pesticide residues) and is administered by the FDA. Under the FFDCA, the FDA does not register or approve products that are used on food commodities and certain food-contact surfaces, such as food packaging. However, all substances that are used on food or food-contact surfaces need to be subject to an FDA regulation or permitted through other clearance mechanisms, such as a Food-Contact Notification, Threshold of Regulation opinion, by Prior Sanction or be “Generally Recognized as Safe” or “GRAS”. If all the substances or ingredients in a particular product are cleared for use on food or food-contact surfaces or are GRAS then a company can market a product without obtaining any additional clearances. GRAS substances do not require pre-market approval or clearance by the FDA although the FDA does have a notification process for GRAS substances.

At the federal level, antimicrobial agents are subject to regulation by the FDA and/or EPA, either singly or jointly, depending upon the intended use of the product. Antimicrobial products applied to processed food are solely regulated by the FDA per longstanding FDA and EPA policy outlined in an EPA Notice titled “Legal and Policy Interpretation of the Jurisdiction Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of the Food and Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency Over the Use of Certain Antimicrobial Substances” (63 Fed. Reg. 54,532 at 54,536 & 54,541 (Oct. 9, 1998)) and EPA’s Pesticide Registration Manual, Chapter 18. Antimicrobial products applied to raw agricultural commodities (e.g. fruits and vegetables) are jointly regulated by the EPA and the FDA if their application takes place in a food-processing facility. If the antimicrobial product is applied to a raw agricultural commodity in a treatment facility that solely washes and packs food commodities, and the treatment does not change the status of the food as a raw agricultural commodity, then the EPA has sole federal regulatory jurisdiction.

Since our sanitizers will be and are intended to be used solely to treat raw agricultural commodities in post-harvest washing and packing facilities, at the federal level they are regulated solely by the EPA (as opposed to FDA): product registration is required under FIFRA and any food residues are regulated under the FFDCA. To complete the registration process, we will be required to submit a number of studies in the form of a registration application or dossier, which has not yet been submitted to EPA. These studies will specifically include: (i) safety studies - six acute toxicity studies (already finalized), (ii) physio-chemical properties testing (already finalized), (iii) one-year storage stability and corrosion (ongoing), and (iv) an efficacy study to demonstrate that the product is an effective sanitizer (studies conducted under non-good laboratory practices already performed and they show the product meets EPA performance standards). We have already identified and engaged with a third-party company in the United States to perform our good laboratory practices efficacy studies.

In addition, every state has its own laws that regulate pesticides and these laws require registration of pesticide products at the state level. Accordingly, products must also be registered in the states in which they are distributed prior to any sale.

Organizational Structure

As of December 31, 2022, we have one 98.48% owned subsidiary: Save Foods Ltd., which is incorporated in the State of Israel. Save Foods Ltd. is responsible for all of our commercialization of our pilots and sales activities.

Human Capital Management

As of March 27, 2023, we employed six full-time employees/consultants and two part-time employees. None of our employees are members of a union or subject to the terms of a collective bargaining agreement. Our employees are located in Israel.

We believe that our future success will depend, in part, on our continued ability to attract, hire and retain qualified personnel. In particular, we depend on the skills, experience and performance of our senior management. We compete for qualified personnel with other agritech companies, as well as universities and non-profit research institutions.

The success of our business is fundamentally connected to the well-being of our people. Accordingly, we are committed to the health and safety of our employees. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented significant changes that we determined were in the best interest of our employees, as well as the communities in which we operate, and which comply with government regulations. This includes having employees work from home, while implementing additional safety measures for employees continuing critical on-site work.

We consider our employees to be a key factor to our success and we are focused on attracting and retaining the best employees at all levels of our business. We employ people based on relevant qualifications, demonstrated skills, performance and other job-related factors. We do not tolerate unlawful discrimination related to employment and strive to ensure that employment decisions related to recruitment, selection, evaluation, compensation, and development, among others, are not influenced by race, color, religion, gender, age, ethnic origin, nationality, sexual orientation, marital status, or disability. We are committed to creating a trusting environment where all ideas are welcome and employees feel comfortable and empowered to draw on their unique experiences and backgrounds.

We consider our relations with our employees to be good.

Company Information

Our principal executive offices are located at HaPardes 134 (Meshek Sander), Neve Yarak, Israel, and our telephone number is (347) 468-9583. Our website address is www.savefoods.co. Any information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into, nor is it in any way a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We use our website (www.savefoods.co) as a channel of distribution of Company information. The information we post through this channel may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor our website, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website are not, however, a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

Company History

We were incorporated under the name Pimi Agro Cleantech, Inc. on April 1, 2009, under the laws of the state of Delaware. On April 11, 2016, we changed our name from Pimi Agro Cleantech, Inc. to Save Foods, Inc. Our subsidiary was incorporated on January 14, 2004, under the name Pimi Marion Holdings Ltd., to exploit the knowledge, intellectual property and business assets of Nir Ecology Ltd., a company founded in September 1989, focused on developing sanitizing solutions for the water and food industry. During the initial years of its activity and until 2009, Pimi Marion Holdings Ltd. focused on the development of new products and applications within the potato-growing industry. On October 5, 2008, Pimi Marion Holdings Ltd. changed its name to Pimi Agro Cleantech Ltd. In September 2018, we changed our organizational structure and leadership team to support our new strategy and objectives. The goal of the organizational change was to drive us towards regulatory approvals for our new generation of products. Our revamped strategy was developed following research we conducted on the applicable and potential commercial markets for our products. The results of this research demonstrated a clear and significant market for our new products to be deployed as sanitizers for the agricultural and food tech industries. On May 2, 2019, Pimi Agro Cleantech Ltd. changed its name to Save Foods Ltd.

item 1a. risk factors

Summary Risk Factors

Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties of which investors should be aware before making a decision to invest in our common stock. If any of the following risks are realized, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. The following is a summary of the more significant risks relating to the Company. A more detailed description of our risk factors is set forth below under the caption “Detailed Risk Factors”.

Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Capital Requirements

Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Business Operations

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Risks Related to Regulatory Compliance

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock

General Risk Factors

Risks Related to our Incorporation and Location in Israel

Detailed Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the financial or other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding whether to invest in our securities. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks we face. We may face additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial. Any of the risks described below, and any such additional risks, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such case, you may lose all or part of your original investment.

Risks Related to Our Financial Condition and Capital Requirements

We have a history of operating losses and expect to incur additional losses in the future.

We have sustained losses in recent years, which as of December 31, 2022, accumulated to $22.8 million, including an operating net loss of $5.8 million and $4.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We are likely to continue to incur significant net losses for at least the next several years as we continue to pursue our strategy, which is currently focused on converting pilots into paying customers, following lengthy sale cycles of at least two seasons. Our losses have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. Any failure to achieve and maintain profitability would continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital and could result in a decline in our share price or cause us to cease operations.

We may need to raise significant additional capital, which we may be unable to obtain.

Our capital requirements in connection with our research and development activities and transition to commercial operations have been significant. We will require additional funds to continue running pilots and testing of our technologies and products, to obtain intellectual property protection relating to our technologies when appropriate, and to market our products. There can be no assurance that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In either of the aforementioned situations, we may not be able to fully implement its growth plans.

Additional financings that we may require in the future will dilute the percentage ownership interests of our stockholders and may adversely affect our earnings and net book value per share. In addition, we may not be able to secure any such additional financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Moreover, if we are unable to obtain such additional capital as discussed above, we will be required to stop our operations, and will resume our activities, only after capital is raised.

Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Business Operations

Because of our limited operating history, we may not be able to successfully operate our business or execute our business plan.

In September 2018, the Company changed its organizational structure and management team. After reviewing the Company’s then existing strategy and results of operation, as well as examining the market opportunities, the new management team decided to update the Company’s strategy, reduce the marketing and sales of its existing products, and focus the Company’s efforts and financial resources in developing its next generation products. During the years 2019 and 2020, we developed, validated and tested the efficacy of our next generation product - a blend of food acids - on a variety of crops in both small and large scale commercial pilots. In 2021, we commenced commercialization in various jurisdictions, while continuing to conduct commercial pilots. In 2022, we extended our commercial pilots in additional location in both the North and South hemisphere to address the seasonal effect.

Given our limited operating history, it is hard to evaluate our proposed business and prospects. Our proposed business operations will be subject to numerous risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties associated with early-stage enterprises. Such risks include, but are not limited to, the following:

Because we are subject to these risks, evaluating our business may be difficult, our business strategy may be unsuccessful and we may be unable to address such risks in a cost-effective manner, if at all. If we are unable to successfully address these risks our business could be harmed.

Our customers require that our products undergo a lengthy testing period without any assurance of sales.

Our prospective customers generally test and evaluate our solutions before applying these to their commercial product lines and integrating them into their facilities. This testing period takes at least two seasons and could be longer or subject to delays. Even after our solutions are approved by the customers, due to seasonal effects, it could take several months before they begin purchasing our solutions, if at all. Nothing guarantees that following such pilots, the targeted packing house will choose to use our solutions on its products or continue the process further and complete the sale cycle. The combination of the longer sales cycle and the unique nature of our solutions that could have different results following seasonal changes could have an impact on our profitability and business. As a result, we could have limited revenues, or no revenues, from prospective customers, even after we have invested significant amounts of time in the pilot phase and sales of our solutions, which in turn could adversely affect our business and financial results.

Our products and technology require additional trials.

The efficacy of our products has only been shown in the limited number of pathogens tested on certain produce and aforementioned climates, and therefore our products have yet to be proven against certain additional and relevant pathogens, produce and market climates to validate the efficacy and benefits of our products. These trials are lengthy and prolong our sale cycle by at least two seasons, and no assurance can be made that such packing facilities will chose to implement our solutions in their facilities.

The commercial success of our new generation products, as well as any future products, depends upon the degree of market acceptance by the packing house community as well as by other prospect markets and industries.

In order to achieve high volume sales and attain a leading market share and become the new standard of treatment, our products must not only be approved by the regulators, but also endorsed by the major packing houses and service providers, retailers of fruits and vegetables as well as environmental organizations. Our success depends on our ability to create significant value to the growers, the packing houses and the food retailers. We are aware of this key factor and are focusing on conducting large scale pilots with major fruits and vegetables packers and retail suppliers of fresh consumed goods in several countries, in order to show the efficacy of the products and our technology, and to receive the recognition of packers and retailers. However, there can be no assurances that we will succeed in such an endeavor, nor is it clear how long it will take until we receive market recognition.

There can be no assurance that any product that we bring to the market will gain market acceptance by prospective customers. The commercial success of our new generation products and any future product depends in part on the packing house community as well as other industries for various use cases, depending on the acceptance by such industries of our technology as a useful and cost-effective solution compared to current solutions. If our new generation products or any future product does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance, we may not generate significant product revenue and may not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of our products will depend on a number of factors, including:

Our efforts to penetrate the packing house industry and educate the marketplace on the benefits of our products may require significant resources and may never be successful.

We may face significant competition from other companies looking to develop or acquire new alternative environmentally friendly solutions for the treatment of fruits and vegetables, and other edible matter.

We expect to face significant competition in every aspect of our business, and particularly from other companies that seek to enter our focal market. As regulators continue to move away from current residue chemical solutions, such as chlorpropham or CIPC, existing suppliers of these solutions are continually looking to develop or acquire new alternative environment-friendly solutions that can sustain their market share and revenue streams, or to enable the continuance of CIPC at current levels in new ways of treatment. Additionally, as market opportunity becomes eminent, competitors and new players will most likely attempt to develop similar or comparable solutions. It is possible that superior or more cost-effective alternative technology will emerge that will achieve greater market acceptance and render our products less competitive. Furthermore, existing vendors can cooperate to combat new players by reducing market prices and margins or other competitive initiatives. Our future success will therefore depend, to a large extent, upon our ability to achieve market acceptance of our innovative solutions as well as develop and introduce new products and enhancements to existing products. No assurance can be given that we will be able to compete in such a marketplace.

The market for post-harvest solutions is fragmented with various regional suppliers. The market of post-harvest treatments for fruits and vegetables is dominated by five large players with wide reach across the globe, which players may perceive us as a competitive threat and institute commercial measures to reduce our market share, including by aggressively ‘bundling’ their products and services to compete with us, or purchase additional laboratories to further enable their expansion. We believe that the principal factors of competition in our industry include reputation, product quality, customer service and customer intimacy, product innovation, technical service and value creation.

Our success is dependent upon the acceptance of our environmentally friendly solutions for fruits and vegetables.

Our future success is dependent upon the acceptance of our environmentally friendly, non-toxic residual solutions for fruits and vegetables. While the market is signaling that such a direction is likely, certain trends as well as the future size of this market, and other potential markets for our products, rely upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. For example, both the failure to convince retailers to bear additional costs for “green” fruit and vegetables as well as the failure to persuade consumers to purchase “green” fruits and vegetables for higher prices may adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow going forward.

We may be unable to respond effectively to technological changes in our industry, which could reduce the demand for our products.

Our future business success will depend upon our ability to maintain and enhance our technological capabilities and develop and market products, services and applications that meet changing customer needs and market conditions in a cost-effective and timely manner. Maintaining and enhancing technological capabilities and developing new products may also require significant investments in research and development, which following financial cutbacks, we have shifted our focus to the commercialization of our solutions with emphasis on converting recently completed pilots into paying customers. We may not be successful in converting our completed pilots into paying customers or to develop new products, services and technology that successfully compete or be able to anticipate changing customer needs and preferences, and our customers may not accept one or more of our new products or services. If we fail to keep pace with evolving technological innovations or fail to modify our products and services in response to customers’ needs or preferences, then our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We currently rely on a limited number of suppliers to produce certain key components of our products.

We rely on unaffiliated contract manufacturers to produce certain key components of our products. In Israel, we work exclusively with a well-known producer of chemicals, Zohar Dalia, who is responsible for the production of our products. Zohar Dalia is well known for its knowledge and handling of hydrogen peroxide. In the United States, we have worked for the past few years with Seeler Industries, a national leader in the marketing and handling of hydrogen peroxide. We additionally work with a producer in South Africa. There is limited available manufacturing capacity that meets our quality standards and regulatory requirements, especially for the manufacturing of the SF3H and SF3HS with one of their active ingredients - hydrogen peroxide - as well as for FreshProtect with one of its active ingredients - PO3. If we are unable to arrange for sufficient production capacity among our contract manufacturers or if our contract manufacturers encounter production, quality, financial, or other difficulties, including labor or geopolitical disturbances, we may encounter difficulty in meeting customer demands as we seek alternative sources of supply, or we may have to make financial accommodations to such contract manufacturers or otherwise take steps to mitigate supply disruption. We may be unable to locate an additional or alternate contract manufacturer that meets our quality controls and standards and regulatory requirements in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms. Any such difficulties could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, which could be material.

If we are unable to establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities or enter into successful relationships with third parties to perform these services, we may not be successful in commercializing our products.

We have a limited selling and marketing infrastructure and have limited experience in the sale, marketing or distribution of products. To achieve commercial success for any product for which we have obtained marketing approval, we will need to enter into collaborations with third parties like post-harvest service companies and establish a selling and marketing infrastructure or to out-license our products.

In the future, we may consider building a focused selling and marketing infrastructure to market our products in the United States or elsewhere in the world. There are risks involved with establishing our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities. For example, recruiting and training a sales force could be expensive and time consuming and could delay any product launch. This may be costly, and our investment would be lost if we cannot retain or reposition our selling and marketing personnel.

Factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our products on our own include:

If we are unable to establish our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities or enter into successful arrangements with third parties to perform these services, our revenues and our profitability may be materially adversely affected.

In addition, we may not be successful in entering into arrangements with third parties to sell, market and distribute our products in our target markets, including Chile, Mexico, Peru, Columbia, the United States, South Africa, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, Spain, Italy and Israel, or may be unable to do so on terms that are favorable to us. We likely will have little control over such third parties, and any of them may fail to devote the necessary resources and attention to sell and market our products effectively. If we do not establish sales, marketing and distribution capabilities successfully, either on our own or in collaboration with third parties, we will not be successful in commercializing our product candidates.

We rely on rapidly establishing global distributorship network in order to effectively market our products.

We have developed initial partnerships with local partners. In order to expand selling and marketing globally and capture leading market share before any potential reaction from the competitors, we will need to rapidly expand geographically and establish a global distribution network. This is likely to put pressure on our management, financial and operational resources. In order to mitigate this factor, once we establish a significant presence in the market, we will proceed to establish strategic partnerships with some of the leading players in the market; however, there are no assurances that we will succeed in establishing such partnerships, which may harm the marketing of our products and the development of our business.

The results of our early tests may not be indicative of results in future tests and we cannot assure you that any planned or future tests will lead to results sufficient for the necessary regulatory approvals.

Our products have been tested in multiple commercial and small-scale pilots on certain types of produce and during specific time of the year. We are currently in the development and optimization phases of these products. Results from our later-stage commercial tests may show lower efficacy than our early-tests conducted previously, and we cannot guarantee that when commercialized, our products will be effective and stable and product improvements as well as possible changes in the application and usage protocol may be required. Our results could further be affected by the changing behavior of the fruits throughout the season, therefore demonstrating inconsistent results. These factors may significantly delay receipts of regulatory approvals, and the introduction of our products into the market. Likewise, we cannot be sure these products will be commercially viable and have no assurances that we will be able to expand upon our current product offerings or that any such expansion will generate revenue.

Our products are highly regulated by governmental agencies in the countries where we conduct business and into which we plan to expand. Our failure to obtain regulatory approvals and registration, to comply with registration and regulatory requirements or to maintain regulatory approvals would have an adverse impact on our ability to market and sell our products.

Some of our products are subject to technical review and approval by government authorities in each country where we currently conduct our business and where we intend to sell our products.

The regulatory requirements to which we are subject are complex and vary from country to country. To obtain new registrations, it is necessary to have a local registrant, and to understand the country’s regulatory requirements, both at the time an application for registration is submitted and when the registration decision is made, which may be several years later. A significant investment in registration data is required (covering all aspects from manufacturing specifications through storage and transport, use, and, finally, disposal of unwanted product and used containers) to ensure that product performance (e.g., efficacy), intrinsic hazards and use patterns are fully characterized. Risk assessments are conducted by government regulatory authorities who make the final decision on whether the documented risk associated with a product and active ingredient is acceptable prior to granting approval for sale. This process may be prolonged due to requirements for additional data or internal administrative processes. There is a risk that registration of a new product may not be obtained or that a product label may be severely reduced, restricting the use of the product. If these circumstances arise, there is a risk that the substantial investments made in product development will generate the projected sales that justified the investment, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by failure to obtain new registrations.

Products that are already approved may be subject to periodic review by regulatory authorities in many countries. Such reviews frequently require the provision of new data and more complex risk assessments. The outcome of such reviews of existing registrations cannot be guaranteed and registrations may be modified or canceled. Since all government regulatory authorities have the right to review existing registrations at any time, the sustainability of the existing portfolio cannot be guaranteed. Existing registrations may be lost at any time, resulting in an immediate impact on sales. Furthermore, prior to expiration, it is necessary to renew registrations. The renewal period and processes vary by country and may require additional studies to support the renewal process. Failure to comply could result in cancellation of the registration, resulting in an impact on sales.

In addition, new laws and regulations may be introduced, or existing laws and regulations may be changed or may become subject to new interpretations, which could result in additional compliance costs, seizures, confiscations, recalls, monetary fines or delays that could affect us or our customers.

In the United States, to complete the registration process of our sanitizers, we will need to submit a number of studies in the form of a registration application or dossier, which has not yet been submitted to the EPA. In addition, applicable rules and regulations in California require registration of processing aids with the CDPR. On July 31, 2020 we submitted an “Application for Registration of Adjuvant” for our SavePROTECT processing aid to the CDPR. On October 27, 2021, we were informed that our application to CDPR was approved.

Our success is dependent upon our ability to achieve regulatory approvals and registration in the United States, Mexico, Peru, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa, and Israel, which might take longer than expected.

We are subject to extensive national, state and local government regulation. A critical key to our success and ability to expand our business is our ability to obtain regulatory approvals and registration in the United States and in other countries for the use of our products. The regulatory approvals of some of our products are dependent on trials to show the efficacy and the non-toxicity of our products, and are time and cost consuming. We do not anticipate any significant problems in obtaining future required licenses, permits or approvals that are necessary to expand our business, however such registration filling might take longer period than expected due to various factors including the recent disruptions in regular services as a result of COVID-19, and it might delay obtaining such regulatory approvals, or might cause delays in starting operations on a large scale in these countries and other jurisdictions.

The inherent dangers in production and transportation of hydrogen peroxide and highly concentrated organic acids could cause disruptions and could expose us to potentially significant losses, costs or other liabilities.

Our operations are subject to significant hazards and risks inherent to the transportation of the active ingredient of one of our products - hydrogen peroxide. In high concentrations, our blend of acids has a very low pH which may lead to skin burn and hydrogen peroxide is an aggressive oxidizer and both can corrode many materials. We are working with limited low concentration of the material, however in high concentrations of H₂O₂ it will react violently. Hydrogen peroxide should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area and away from any flammable or combustible substances. It should be transported in special tanks and vehicles and should be stored in a container composed of non-reactive materials. These hazards and risks include, but are not limited to fires, explosions, third-party interference (including terrorism) and mechanical failure of equipment at our or third-party facilities. The occurrence of any of these events could result in production and distribution difficulties and disruptions, personal injury or wrongful death claims and other damage to properties.

Our business and operations may be affected by unexpected events, including climate change conditions and natural disasters, which could materially harm our financial results.

Unexpected events, including fires or explosions at our facilities, natural disasters such as earthquakes and wildfires, unplanned power outages, supply disruptions, failure of equipment or systems, and severe weather events, such as droughts, heat waves, hurricanes, and flooding, could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations through physical damage to our facilities and equipment and through physical damage to, or disruption of, local infrastructure or disrupt our operations generally. During the past several years we have seen an increase in the frequency and intensity of severe weather events and we expect this trend to continue due to climate change.

Our business, in particular, may be affected from changes in climate conditions as such events would affect the crops yield and their storability in those cases where there is unusually warm, dry, humid or cold weather before cropping.

In such instances, we may suffer a decrease in revenues as a result of a smaller storage volume of rooms or shorter storage period. We anticipate that once we increase our operations and enter certain markets which experience or will experience significant climate change, such as above-common rain fall, heat waves, dry air conditions, and unusually cold or prolonged cold weather conditions, such events may materially impact our financial results.

Furthermore, certain natural disasters may affect our operations. For example, our partner in Turkey is located in eastern Turkey, which is the region that sustained an earthquake that registered a 7.8 magnitude on February 6, 2023. Given that our operations are global in nature, and our partnerships are located in various geographic locations subject to certain inherent dangers, it is plausible that our business and operations may be adversely affected by any such future natural disasters.

Conditions in the global economy, including inflation and recessionary pressures, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operation.

The recent historically high inflation in the U.S., geopolitical issues, continuous increases in interest rates, unstable global conditions and changes in exchange rates have led to global economic instability. Although demand for fresh horticultural products is considered inelastic in developed economies, the fresh produce and citrus industries that we sell to may be affected by material changes in supply, market prices, exchange rates and general economic conditions. As a result of the high inflation and recession, we are seeing record high levels of unemployment and consumer spending trends are changing. Delays or reductions in our customers’ purchasing or shifts to lower-cost alternatives that result from tighter economic market conditions would reduce demand for our products and services and could, consequently, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

COVID-19, including the efforts to mitigate its impact, have, and may continue to have, an impact our business, liquidity, results of operations, financial condition and price of our securities.

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the measures designed to contain and mitigate its effects, have had and will likely continue to have an impact on our business and operations, as well as the operations of our customers. Our operations were moderately impacted by certain restrictions that were put in place in effort to contain or mitigate the spread of COVID-19, specifically given the increasing difficulty with travelling abroad for on-site visits with suppliers and other business partners, as well as various packing houses’ restrictions on our entry into their facilities for operational purposes. In the event future variants emerge and trigger additional restrictions and other preventative measures, such efforts may contribute to an economic downturn, which could decrease consumer spending on our products and services, as well as impact our ability to expand our customer base or provide additional services to our current users.

In addition, continuation or exacerbation of the global supply chain crisis, whether resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or for reasons otherwise unrelated, may impact our ability to forecast and control costs for raw materials necessary for our solutions. For instance, given our dependency on third-party suppliers, our operations may be adversely affected by disruptions or delays to the supply chain resulting from temporary closures of our supplier’s facilities, spikes in demand for our supplier’s goods and/or services from other customers, interruptions in product supply, restrictions on export or shipment or disruptions in product fulfillment due to closure or delays of our supplier’s delivery process.

Increased attention to environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) matters and conservation measures may adversely impact our business or that of our manufacturers.

Public companies are facing increasing scrutiny related to ESG practices and disclosures from certain investors, capital providers, shareholder advocacy groups, other market participants, and other stakeholder groups. For example, certain institutional and individual investors have requested various ESG-related information and disclosures as they increasingly incorporate ESG criteria in making investment and voting decisions. With this increased focus, public reporting regarding ESG practices is becoming more broadly expected. Such increased scrutiny may result in increased costs, enhanced compliance or disclosure obligations, or other adverse impacts on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our ESG practices and reporting do not meet investor or other stakeholder expectations, which continue to evolve, we may be subject to investor or regulator engagement regarding such matters.

In addition, new sustainability rules and regulations have been adopted and may continue to be introduced in various states and other jurisdictions. For example, in June 2022, the SEC published a proposed climate disclosure rule, subject to which we would be required to disclose certain climate-related information such as governance of climate-related risks and relevant risk management processes that could affect us, a climate related financial statements matrix and more. While the proposed rule has yet to be finalized and we cannot predict the ultimate scope and impact this will have on our business, if finalized, it would likely result in additional legal, accounting and financial compliance and increased general and administrative expenses. Moreover, this could result in increased management time and attention to ensure we are compliant with the regulations and expectations. Our failure to comply with any applicable rules or regulations could lead to penalties and adversely impact our reputation, access to capital and employee retention. Such ESG matters may also impact third parties on which we rely, which may augment or cause additional impacts on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Our relationship with our employees could deteriorate, and certain key employees could leave, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our business involves complex operations and demands a management team to determine and implement our strategy and workforce that is knowledgeable and has expertise in many areas necessary for our operations. As a company focused on commercializing our completed pilots into paying customers in the highly-specialized horticultural post-harvest field, we rely on our ability to attract and retain skilled employees, consultants and contractors. As of March 27, 2023, we employed six full-time employees and two part-time employees, including the employees employed by our subsidiary, Save Foods Ltd. Due to certain cost reduction measures recently implemented (as discussed herein), we have reduced our full-time employee headcount, and anticipate additional and related cuts during the remainder of 2023. The departure of highly skilled employees, consultants or contractors or one or more employees who hold key regional management positions could have an adverse impact on our operations, including customers choosing to follow a such regional manager to one of our competitors.

In addition, to execute our growth plan we must attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Competition for these employees exists; new members of management must have significant industry expertise when they join us or engage in significant training which, in many cases, requires significant time before they achieve full productivity. If we fail to attract, train, retain, and motivate our key personnel, our business and growth prospects could be severely harmed.

Furthermore, we are dependent upon the managers to oversee our operations. Thus, there can be no assurance that the managers’ experience will be sufficient to successfully achieve our business objectives. All decisions regarding the management of our affairs will be made exclusively by our officers and directors. In the event these persons are ineffective, our business and results of operation would likely be adversely affected.

We are subject to risks relating to portfolio concentration.

Our business is highly dependent on a small number of products, which are based on our main active ingredients. Our core post-harvest business includes solutions designed to improve the yields of the packing house but mainly ensure food safety and assisting packing houses to meet the new FSMA requirements. Our ability to market and sell products containing our active ingredient to key service providers for treatment in post-harvest food safety industry in order to utilize their market position is important to our future success.

Our operating results may fluctuate, which makes our results difficult to predict and could cause our results to fall short of expectations.

Our operating results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance. Our quarterly, year-to-date and annual expenses as a percentage of our revenues may differ significantly from our historical or projected rates. Our operating results in future quarters may fall below expectations. Any of these events could cause our stock price to fall. Each of the following factors, among the other risks described herein, may affect our operating results:

International expansion of our business exposes us to business, regulatory, political, operational, financial and economic risks associated with doing business outside of the United States, Mexico or Israel.

Other than our headquarters and other operations which are located in Israel (as further described below), we currently have limited international operations, but our business strategy incorporates potentially significant international expansion, particularly in anticipation of approval of our product candidates. We also plan to retain sales representatives and third-party distributors, outside of the United States and Israel at a later date. Doing business internationally involves a number of risks, including but not limited to:

Any of these factors could significantly harm our future international expansion and operations and, consequently, our results of operations.

Our business depends to some extent on international transactions.

As a result of the international nature of our business, we are exposed to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. A majority of our revenues and substantially all of our cost of sales are in USD, whilst our management, marketing, sales and R&D costs are in NIS. We are therefore exposed to foreign currency risk due to fluctuations in exchange rates. This may result in gains or losses with respect to movements in exchange rates, which may be significant and may also cause fluctuations in reported financial information that are not necessarily related to our operating results.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are unable to secure and maintain patent or other intellectual property protection for the intellectual property used in our products, our ability to compete will be harmed.

Our commercial success depends, in part, on obtaining and maintaining patent and other intellectual property protection for the proprietary blend used in our products and our manufacturing process, as well as continuing to develop and secure trade secrets. We might in the future opt to license intellectual property from other parties. If we, or the other parties from whom we may license intellectual property, fail to obtain and maintain adequate patent or other intellectual property protection for intellectual property used in our products, or if any protection is reduced or eliminated, others could use the intellectual property used in our products, resulting in harm to our competitive business position. In addition, patent and other intellectual property protection may not provide us with a competitive advantage against competitors that devise ways of making competitive products without infringing any patents that we own or have rights to.

U.S. patents and patent applications may be subject to interference proceedings, and U.S. patents may be subject to re-examination proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Foreign patents may be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign patent offices. Any of these proceedings could result in loss of the patent or denial of the patent application, or loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of the patent or patent application. Changes in either patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws may also diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our protection. Interference, re-examination and opposition proceedings may be costly and time consuming, and we, or the other parties from whom we might potentially license intellectual property, may be unsuccessful in defending against such proceedings. Thus, any patents that we own or might license may provide limited or no protection against competitors. In addition, our pending patent applications and those we may file in the future may have claims narrowed during prosecution or may not result in patents being issued. Even if any of our pending or future applications are issued, they may not provide us with adequate protection or any competitive advantages. Our ability to develop additional patentable technology is also uncertain.

Non-payment or delay in payment of patent fees or annuities, whether intentional or unintentional, may also result in the loss of patents or patent rights important to our business. Many countries, including certain countries in Europe, have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses to other parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against other parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, the patent owner may have limited remedies, which could materially diminish the value of the patent. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.

If we are unable to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary trade secrets and unprotected know-how, our ability to compete will be harmed.

Proprietary trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and unprotected know-how are also very important to our business. We rely on a combination of trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, confidentiality agreements and other contractual provisions and technical security measures to protect certain aspects of our technology, especially where we do not believe that patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. We require our office holders, employees, consultants and distributers of our products and most third parties to execute confidentiality agreements in connection with their relationships with us. However, these measures may not be adequate to safeguard our proprietary intellectual property and conflicts may, nonetheless, arise regarding ownership of inventions. Such conflicts may lead to the loss or impairment of our intellectual property or to expensive litigation to defend our rights against competitors who may be better funded and have superior resources. Our office holders, employees, consultants and other advisors may unintentionally or willfully disclose our confidential information to competitors. In addition, confidentiality agreements may be unenforceable or may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure. Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Moreover, our competitors may independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to copy or reverse engineer certain aspects of our products that we consider proprietary. As a result, other parties may be able to use our proprietary technology or information, and our ability to compete in the market would be harmed.

We could become subject to patent and other intellectual property litigation that could be costly, result in the diversion of management’s attention, require us to pay damages and force us to discontinue selling our products.

Determining whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues, and the outcome of a patent litigation action is often uncertain. No assurance can be given that patents containing claims covering our products, parts of our products, technology or methods do not exist, have not been filed or could not be filed or issued. Furthermore, our competitors or other parties may assert that our products and the methods we employ in the use of our products are covered by U.S. or foreign patents held by them. In addition, because patent applications can take many years to issue and because publication schedules for pending applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware and which may result in issued patents which our current or future products infringe. Also, because the claims of published patent applications can change between publication and patent grant, there may be published patent applications with claims that we infringe. There could also be existing patents that one or more of our products or parts may infringe and of which we are unaware. As the number of competitors in the post-harvest market grows, and as the number of patents issued grows, the possibility of patent infringement claims against us increases.

Infringement actions and other intellectual property claims and proceedings brought against or by us, whether with or without merit, may cause us to incur substantial costs and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our business and harm our reputation. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent or intellectual property litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources.

We cannot be certain that we will successfully defend against allegations of infringement of patents and intellectual property rights of others. In the event that we become subject to a patent infringement or other intellectual property lawsuit and if the other party’s patents or other intellectual property were upheld as valid and enforceable and we were found to infringe the other party’s patents or violate the terms of a license to which we are a party, we could be required to pay damages. We could also be prevented from selling our products unless we could obtain a license to use technology or processes covered by such patents or will be able to redesign the product to avoid infringement. A license may not be available at all or on commercially reasonable terms or we may not be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement. Modification of our products or development of new products could require us to conduct clinical trials and to revise our filings with the applicable regulatory bodies, which would be time consuming and expensive. In these circumstances, we may be unable to sell our products at competitive prices or at all, our business and operating results could be harmed.

We may be subject to claims challenging the inventorship or ownership of our patents and other intellectual property.

We may be subject to claims that former employees, collaborators, or other third parties have an ownership interest in our patents or other intellectual property. Ownership disputes may arise in the future, for example, from conflicting obligations of consultants or others who are involved in developing our product candidates. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these and other claims challenging inventorship or ownership. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights, such as exclusive ownership of, or right to use, valuable intellectual property. Such an outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

We may experience claims that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may cause us to incur unexpected costs or prevent us from selling our products or services.

We continually seek to improve our business processes and develop new products and applications in a crowded patent space that we must continually monitor to avoid infringement. We cannot guarantee that we will not experience claims that our processes and products infringe issued patents (whether present or future) or other intellectual property rights belonging to others.

From time to time, we oppose patent applications that we consider overbroad or otherwise invalid in order to maintain the ability to operate freely in our various business lines without the risk of being sued for patent infringement. If, however, patents are subsequently issued on any such applications by other parties, or if patents belonging to others already exist that cover our products, processes or technologies, we could experience claims for infringement or have to take other remedial or curative actions to continue our manufacturing and sales activities with respect to one or more products. Likewise, our competitors may also already hold or have applied for patents in the United States or abroad that, if enforced or issued, could prevail over our patent rights or otherwise limit our ability to manufacture or sell one or more of our products in the United States or abroad. Any actions asserted against us could include payment of damages for infringement, stopping the use, require that we obtain licenses from these parties or substantially re-engineer our products or processes in order to avoid infringement. We may not be able to obtain the necessary licenses on acceptable terms, or at all, or be able to re-engineer our products successfully. Further, intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming, regardless of the merits of any claim, and could divert our management’s attention from operating our business.

Risks Related to Regulatory Compliance

If we or our contractors or service providers fail to comply with laws and regulations, we or they could be subject to regulatory actions, which could affect our ability to develop, market and sell our products or future products that we may develop and may harm our reputation in our industry.

If we or our manufacturers or other third-party contractors fail to comply with applicable federal, state or foreign laws or regulations, including with respect to food treatment, we could be subject to regulatory actions, which could affect our ability to develop, market and sell our current products or any future products which we may develop in the future and could harm our reputation and lead to reduced demand for or non-acceptance of our proposed products by the market.

Regulatory reforms may adversely affect our ability to sell our products profitably.

From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in the United States, Mexico, Israel or other countries in which we operate, that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of our products, including in the food health industry. In addition, regulations and guidance may often be revised or reinterpreted by the regulatory authorities in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted, or interpretations changed, and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.

Risks Related to Our Operations in Israel

Conditions in Israel may limit our ability to manage and market our products, which would lead to a decrease in revenues.

Because most of our operations is conducted in Israel and our management is located in Israel, our operations are directly affected by economic, political, geopolitical and military conditions affecting Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect our business. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its neighboring countries. These conflicts involved missile strikes against civilian targets in various parts of Israel including most recently, central Israel, and negatively affected business conditions in Israel as well as home starts and the building industry in Israel.

Our facilities are in range of rockets that may be fired from Lebanon, Syria or the Gaza Strip into Israel. In the event that our facilities are damaged as a result of hostile action or hostilities otherwise disrupt the ongoing operation of our facilities, our ability to deliver products to customers could be materially and adversely affected. Our commercial insurance in Israel does not cover losses that may occur as a result of acts of war; however, losses as a result of terrorist attacks to our facilities and disruption to the ongoing operations, are covered by our insurance for damages of up to $40 million, if such damages are not covered by the Israeli government. Although the Israeli government currently covers the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained and will be adequate in the event we submit a claim. Even if insurance is maintained and adequate, we cannot assure you that it will reduce or prevent any losses that may occur as a result of such actions or will be exercised in a timely manner to meet our contractual obligations with customers and vendors.

In addition, popular uprisings in various countries in the Middle East and North Africa have affected the political stability of those countries. Such instability may lead to deterioration in the political and trade relationships that exist between the State of Israel and these countries, such as Turkey, from which we import a significant amount of our raw materials. Moreover, some countries around the world restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, and additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continues or increases. These restrictions may limit materially our ability to obtain raw materials from these countries or sell our products to companies and customers in these countries. In addition, there have been increased efforts by activists to cause companies and consumers to boycott Israeli goods. Such efforts, particularly if they become more widespread, may materially and adversely impact our ability to sell our products out of Israel.

Our employees in Israel, generally males, including executive officers, may be called upon to perform military service on an annual basis until they reach the age of 40 (and in some cases, up to 45 or 49). In emergency circumstances, they could be called to immediate and prolonged active duty. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence of a significant number of our employees related to military service or the absence for extended periods of one or more of our key employees for military service. Such a disruption could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. Additionally, the absence of a significant number of the employees of our Israeli suppliers and contract manufacturers related to military service may disrupt their operations, in which event our ability to deliver products to customers may be materially and adversely affected.

Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could materially and adversely affect our operations and product development, cause our revenues to decrease and materially harm the share price of publicly traded companies with operations in Israel, such as us.

Furthermore, the Israeli government is currently pursuing extensive changes to Israel’s judicial system. This has sparked extensive political debate. In response to the foregoing developments, many individuals, organizations and institutions, both within and outside of Israel, have voiced concerns that the proposed changes may negatively impact the business environment in Israel including due to reluctance of foreign investors to invest or transact business in Israel as well as to increased currency fluctuations, downgrades in credit rating, increased interest rates, increased volatility in security markets, and other changes in macroeconomic conditions. To the extent that any of these negative developments do occur, they may have an adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and our ability to raise additional funds, if deemed necessary by our management and board of directors.

We may not be able to enforce covenants not-to-compete under current Israeli law that might result in added competition for our products.

We have non-competition agreements with all of our employees, all of which are governed by Israeli law. These agreements prohibit our employees from competing with or working for our competitors, generally during their employment and for up to 12 months after termination of their employment. However, Israeli courts are reluctant to enforce non-compete undertakings of former employees and tend, if at all, to enforce those provisions for relatively brief periods of time in restricted geographical areas, and only when the employee has obtained unique value to the employer specific to that employer’s business and not just regarding the professional development of the employee. If we are not able to enforce non-compete covenants, we may be faced with added competition.

It may be difficult to acquire jurisdiction and enforce liabilities against our officers and directors who are based in Israel.

The majority of our officers and present directors reside outside of the United States and most of our operations as of December 31, 2022 are located outside the United States. As a result, it may not be possible for United States investors to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon our directors or officers or to enforce judgments of United States courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties of our directors and officers under federal securities laws. Moreover, we have been advised that Israel does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the United States. Further, it is unclear if extradition treaties now in effect between the United States and Israel would permit effective enforcement of criminal penalties of the federal securities laws.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

We may not satisfy Nasdaq’s requirements for continued listing. If we cannot satisfy these requirements, Nasdaq could delist our securities.

Our Common Stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “SVFD”. To continue to be listed on Nasdaq, we are required to satisfy a number of conditions, including a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 per share of Common Stock, a market value of our publicly held shares of at least $1 million and shareholders’ equity of at least $2.5 million.

If we are delisted from the Nasdaq, trading in our securities may be conducted, if available, on the OTC Markets or, if available, via another market. In the event of such delisting, our shareholders would likely find it significantly more difficult to dispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations as to the value of our securities, and our ability to raise future capital through the sale of our securities could be severely limited. In addition, if our securities were delisted from the Nasdaq, our Common Stock could be considered a “penny stock” under the U.S. federal securities laws. Additional regulatory requirements apply to trading by broker-dealers of penny stocks that could result in the loss of an effective trading market for our securities.

The market price of our Common Stock may be highly volatile.

The market price of our Common Stock is likely to be volatile. Our Common Stock price could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including the following:

In addition, companies trading in the stock market have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market by our existing stockholders could cause our share price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could depress the market price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our Common Stock.

Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the market price of our Common Stock.

Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of the Company more difficult, including the following:

These provisions, alone or together, could discourage, delay or prevent a transaction involving a change in control of the Company. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors of their choosing and to cause us to take other corporate actions they desire, any of which, under certain circumstances, could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our Common Stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Common Stock.

We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert management attention.

In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Litigation of this type could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could seriously hurt our business. Any adverse determination in litigation could also subject us to significant liabilities.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they adversely change their recommendations or publish negative reports regarding our business or our Common Stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Common Stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts and we cannot provide any assurance that analysts will cover us or provide favorable coverage. If any of the analysts who may cover us adversely change their recommendation regarding our shares, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analysts who may cover us were to cease coverage of the Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our Common Stock as a source for any future dividend income. Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiary, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

We may need additional capital, and the sale of additional shares or equity or debt securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders.

We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including adverse effects to our business from global inflation and recession related issues. If these resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain one or more credit facilities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. It is uncertain whether financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

General Risk Factors

Disruptions to our information technology systems due to cyber-attacks or our failure to upgrade and adjust our information technology systems, may materially impair our operations, hinder our growth and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We believe that an appropriate information technology (“IT”), infrastructure is important in order to support our daily operations and the growth of our business. If we experience difficulties in implementing new or upgraded information systems or experience significant system failures, or if we are unable to successfully modify our management information systems or respond to changes in our business needs, we may not be able to effectively manage our business, and we may fail to meet our reporting obligations. Additionally, if our current back-up storage arrangements and our disaster recovery plan are not operated as planned, we may not be able to effectively recover our information system in the event of a crisis, which may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In the current environment, there are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, employee malfeasance and human or technological error. High-profile security breaches at other companies and in government agencies have increased in recent years, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the risks of hackers and cyber-attacks targeting businesses such as ours. Computer hackers and others routinely attempt to breach the security of technology products, services and systems, and to fraudulently induce employees, customers, or others to disclose information or unwittingly provide access to systems or data. We can provide no assurance that our current IT system or any updates or upgrades thereto and the current or future IT systems of our distributors use or may use in the future, are fully protected against third-party intrusions, viruses, hacker attacks, information or data theft or other similar threats. Legislative or regulatory action in these areas is also evolving, and we may be unable to adapt our IT systems or to manage the IT systems of third parties to accommodate these changes. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual or attempted cyber-attacks of our IT networks. Although none of these actual or attempted cyber-attacks has had a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition, we cannot guarantee that any such incidents will not have such an impact in the future.

Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are subject to the FCPA and other anticorruption, anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in the jurisdictions in which we do business, both domestic and abroad. These laws generally prohibit us and our employees from improperly influencing government officials or commercial parties in order to obtain or retain business, direct business to any person or gain any advantage. The FCPA and other applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws also may hold us liable for acts of corruption and bribery committed by our third-party business partners, representatives and agents. In addition, we leverage third parties to sell our products and conduct our business abroad. We and our third-party business partners, representatives and agents may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. These laws also require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible and our exposure for violating these laws increases as our international presence is established and as we increase sales and operations in foreign jurisdictions. Any violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption laws and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, imposition of significant legal fees, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, substantial diversion of management’s attention, a decline in the market price of our Common Stock or overall adverse consequences to our reputation and business, all of which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We incur additional increased costs as a result of the listing of our Common Stock for trading on Nasdaq, and our management is required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and reporting requirements.

As a public company, we incur significant accounting, legal and other expenses as a result of the listing of our Common Stock on Nasdaq. These include costs associated with corporate governance requirements of the Securities Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and the Marketplace Rules of Nasdaq, as well as requirements under Section 404 and other provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These rules and regulations increase our legal and financial compliance costs, introduce costs such as investor relations, stock exchange listing fees and shareholder reporting, and make some activities more time consuming and costly. Any future changes in the laws and regulations affecting public companies in the United States, including Section 404 and other provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the rules and regulations adopted by the SEC and the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market may result in increased costs to us as we respond to such changes. These laws, rules and regulations could make it more difficult or more costly for us to obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. The impact of these requirements could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors, our board committees or as executive officers.

We face risks related to compliance with corporate governance laws and financial reporting standards.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as related new rules and regulations implemented by the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, require changes in the corporate governance practices and financial reporting standards for public companies. These new laws, rules and regulations, including compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 relating to internal control over financial reporting, have materially increased the legal and financial compliance costs of small companies and have made some activities more time-consuming and more burdensome.

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine may result in market volatility that could adversely affect our business.

In late February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, significantly amplifying already existing geopolitical tensions among Russia and other countries in the region and in the west, including the U.S. Russia’s invasion, the responses of countries and political bodies to Russia’s actions, the larger overarching tensions, and Ukraine’s military response and the potential for wider conflict may increase financial market volatility and could have severe adverse effects on regional and global economic markets. The foregoing may, in particular, adversely affect our customers’ ability to sell produce to Russia or other countries in the geographic vicinity.

Following Russia’s actions, various countries, including the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany and France, as well as the European Union, issued broad-ranging economic sanctions against Russia. Such sanctions included, among other things, a prohibition on doing business with certain Russian companies, officials and oligarchs; a commitment by certain countries and the European Union to remove selected Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications electronic banking network that connects banks globally; and restrictive measures to prevent the Russian Central Bank from undermining the impact of the sanctions. To date the ongoing conflict has not affected our financial condition, yet the current sanctions (and potential further sanctions in response to continued Russian military activity) and other actions may have adverse effects on regional and global economic markets, and may result in increased volatility in the price of our Common Stock.

If we fail to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or meet our reporting obligations.

The process of determining whether our existing internal controls over financial reporting systems are compliant with Section 404(a) and whether there are any material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our existing internal controls requires the investment of substantial time and resources, including by our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other members of our senior management and finance team. This determination and any remedial actions required could divert internal resources and take a significant amount of time and effort to complete and could result in us incurring additional costs that we did not anticipate, including the hiring of outside consultants. We could experience higher than anticipated operating expenses and higher independent auditor fees during and after the implementation of these changes.

Irrespective of compliance with Section 404, any failure of our internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our stated results of operations and harm our reputation. In connection with the issuance of our financial statements for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting that we subsequently remediated. If we identify future material weaknesses in our internal control of financial reporting, and if we are unable to implement any of the required changes to our internal control over financial reporting effectively or efficiently or are required to do so earlier than anticipated, it could adversely affect our operations, financial reporting and/or results of operations and could result in an adverse opinion on internal controls from our management and, once we lose our emerging growth company status, our independent auditors. Further, if our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, the reliability of our financial statements may be questioned and our share price may suffer.

Item 1b. unresolved staff comments

None.

Item 2. properties

Our commercialization and manufacturing operations are currently conducted at Neve Yarak (Israel) where we lease approximately 230 square meters of space to run our trials. The lease expires on August 31, 2023 with the option to extend the lease agreement for an additional one-year period. Our current monthly rent payment is NIS 9,180 (approximately $2,500) which includes taxes.

Our lease of office space in Miami, Florida was extended in January 2023 for an additional year and is set to expire in January 2024. Our current monthly rent payment is $630 which includes taxes.     

item 3. legal proceedings

We are not aware of any pending legal proceedings to which we are a party, or to which any director, officer or affiliate of our Company, or any owner of record or beneficially of more than 5% of any class of our voting securities, is a party adverse to us or has a material interest adverse to us.

item 4. mine safety disclosures.

Not applicable.

part II

item 5. market for registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issuer purchases OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The shares of our Common Stock are currently traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SVFD”. The last reported sales price of our Common Stock on Nasdaq on March 24, 2023, was $0.74 per share.

Holders

As of March 24, 2023, there were approximately 145 holders of record of our Common Stock. These numbers are not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our shares nor is it representative of where such beneficial holders reside, since many of these shares were held of record by brokers or other nominees. Action Stock Transfer serves as transfer agent for our Common Stock.

Dividend Policy

We have never paid cash dividends on any of our capital stock and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. We do not intend to pay cash dividends to holders of our Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans 

As of the date of this Annual Report, we maintain two active equity compensation plans: the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) and the 2022 Share Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The following table presents the information as of December 31, 2022.

2018 Equity Incentive Plan

As of December 31, 2022, the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for the exercise of options granted under 2018 Plan was 91,016. As of December 31, 2022, 192,576 options to purchase Common Stock were outstanding under the 2018 Plan, at a weighted exercise price of $3.38, and the last expiration date for any such option is July 1, 2030.

The 2018 Plan was adopted by our board of directors in October 2018, and became effective immediately thereafter. The 2018 Plan permits the grant of incentive stock options to employees of the Company, including officers and directors, and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares and other stock or cash awards as the administrator of the plan may determine, to the Company’s employees and service providers.

2022 Share Incentive Plan

On August 29, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2022 Plan, which was previously approved by our board of directors on July 18, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for the exercise of options granted under 2022 Plan was 954,902.  

The 2022 Plan permits the grant of stock options (including incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options), shares of common stock, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share-based awards. The maximum number of ordinary shares available for issuance under the 2022 Plan is equal to the sum of 1,000,000 shares of common stock, or such number as our board of directors may determine from time to time.

The 2022 Plan may be administered by the board of directors or a duly authorized committee of our board of directors. Subject to the provisions of the 2022 Plan, the administrator will have the authority, in its sole discretion to determine subject to applicable law, to interpret the terms of the 2022 Plan and any award agreements or awards granted thereunder, designate recipients of awards, determine and amend the terms of awards, including the exercise price of an option award, the fair market value of an ordinary share, the time and vesting schedule applicable to an award or the method of payment for an award, accelerate or amend the vesting schedule applicable to an award, prescribe the forms of agreement for use under the 2022 Plan and take all other actions and make all other determinations necessary for the administration of the 2022 Plan. The administrator also has the authority to amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the 2022 Plan or terminate the 2022 Plan at any time before the date of expiration of its ten-year term.

The 2022 Plan provides for granting awards under various tax regimes, including, without limitation, in compliance with Section 102 of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version), 5721-1961 (the “Ordinance”), and Section 3(i) of the Ordinance and for awards granted to our United States employees or service providers, including those who are deemed to be residents of the United States for tax purposes, Section 422 of the Code and Section 409A of the Code. Section 102 of the Ordinance allows employees, directors and officers who are not controlling shareholders and are considered Israeli residents to receive favorable tax treatment for compensation in the form of shares or options. Our non-employee service providers and controlling shareholders may only be granted options under section 3(i) of the Ordinance, which does not provide for similar tax benefits.

Awards granted under the 2022 Plan to U.S. residents may qualify as “incentive stock options” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code. The exercise price for “incentive stock options” must not be less than the fair market value on the date on which an option is granted, or 110% of the fair market value if the option holder holds more than 10% of our share capital. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, options may be granted with a per share exercise price of less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant pursuant to the issuance or assumption of an option in a transaction to which Section 424(a) of the Code applies in a manner consistent with said Section 424(a).

An award under the 2022 Plan may be exercised by providing the company with a written or electronic notice of exercise and full payment of the exercise price for such shares underlying the award, if applicable, in such form and method as may be determined by the administrator and permitted by applicable law. An award may not be exercised for a fraction of a share. With regard to tax withholding, exercise price and purchase price obligations arising in connection with awards under the 2022 Plan, the administrator may, in its discretion, accept cash, provide for net withholding of shares in a cashless exercise mechanism or direct a securities broker to sell shares and deliver all or a part of the proceeds to the Company or the trustee.

In the event of termination of a grantee’s employment or service with the company or any of its affiliates, all vested and exercisable awards held by such grantee as of the date of termination may be exercised within three months after such date of termination, unless otherwise determined by the administrator. After such three month period, all such unexercised awards will terminate and the shares covered by such awards shall again be available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. In the event of termination of a grantee’s employment or service with the company or any of its affiliates due to such grantee’s death, permanent disability or retirement, all vested and exercisable awards held by such grantee as of the date of termination may be exercised by the grantee or the grantee’s legal guardian, estate, or by a person who acquired the right to exercise the award by bequest or inheritance, as applicable, within twelve months after such date of termination, unless otherwise provided by the administrator. Any awards which are unvested as of the date of such termination or which are vested but not then exercised within the twelve month period following such date, will terminate and the shares covered by such awards shall again be available for issuance under the 2022 Plan. Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, if a grantee’s employment or services with the company or any of its affiliates is terminated for “cause” (as defined in the 2022 Plan), all outstanding awards held by such grantee (whether vested or unvested) will terminate on the date of such termination and the shares covered by such awards shall again be available for issuance under the 2022 Plan.

Other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution or as otherwise provided under the 2022 Plan, neither the options nor any right in connection with such options are assignable or transferable.

In the event of a share split, reverse share split, share dividend, recapitalization, combination or reclassification of our shares, or any other increase or decrease in the number of issued shares effected without receipt of consideration by the company (but not including the conversion of any convertible securities of the company), the administrator in its sole discretion shall make an appropriate adjustment in the number of shares related to each outstanding award and to the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan, to the class and kind of shares subject to the 2022 Plan, as well as the exercise price per share of each outstanding award, as applicable, the terms and conditions concerning vesting and exercisability and the term and duration of outstanding awards, or any other terms that the administrator adjusts in its discretion, or the type or class of security, asset or right underlying the award (which need not be only that of the Company, and may be that of the surviving corporation or any affiliate thereof or such other entity party to any of the above transactions); provided that any fractional shares resulting from such adjustment shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share unless otherwise determined by the administrator. In the event of a distribution of a cash dividend to all shareholders, the administrator may determine, without the consent of any holder of an award, that the exercise price of an outstanding and unexercised award shall be reduced by an amount equal to the per share gross dividend amount distributed by the Company, subject to applicable law.

In the event of a merger or consolidation of our company, or a sale of all, or substantially all, of the Company’s shares or assets or other transaction having a similar effect on the Company, or change in the composition of the board of directors, or liquidation or dissolution, or such other transaction or circumstances that the board of directors determines to be a relevant transaction, then without the consent of the grantee, the administrator may but is not required to (i) cause any outstanding award to be assumed or substituted by such successor corporation, or (ii) regardless of whether or not the successor corporation assumes or substitutes the award (a) provide the grantee with the option to exercise the award as to all or part of the shares, and may provide for an acceleration of vesting of unvested awards, or (b) cancel the award and pay in cash, shares of the company, the acquirer or other corporation which is a party to such transaction or other property as determined by the administrator as fair in the circumstances. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the administrator may upon such event amend, modify or terminate the terms of any award as it shall deem, in good faith, appropriate.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we granted to our directors and officers options to purchase a maximum aggregated number of 42,098 of the Company’s Common Stock and issued 3,000 shares of restricted Common Stock, under the 2022 Plan. 42,098 options were granted at an exercise price of $1 to $1.5 per share, and the latest expiration date for such options is December 31, 2031.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities 

Set forth below is information regarding shares of Common Stock and preferred stock issued, and options granted, by us during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2021, and 2022 that were not registered under the Securities Act. Also included is the consideration, if any, received by us, for such shares and options and information relating to the Securities Act, or rule of the SEC, under which exemption from registration was claimed.

During July, August and September 2020, we issued: (i) 67,369 shares of Common Stock in respect of the conversion of convertible loans; (ii) 32,769 units, for an aggregate amount of $250,000, at a price of $7.63 per unit, where each unit consists of one share of Common Stock and one warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock with an exercise price of $8.40 per share.

During September 2020, we issued 13,107 units, for an aggregate amount of $100,000, at a purchase price of $7.63 per unit to Medigus Ltd. (“Medigus”), where each unit consists of one share of Common Stock and one warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock with an exercise price of $8.40 per share.

During December 2020, we issued 6,350 shares of Common Stock following the exercise of options.

On June 20, 2021, we issued 12,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant in exchange for investor relation services. We estimated the value of the shares issued to be $126,600.

On August 2, 2021, we issued 14,285 shares of Common Stock to a consultant in exchange for investor and public relations services. We estimated the value of the shares issued to be $127,622.

On each of August 5, 2021, September 30, 2021 and November 3, 2021, we issued 2,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant in exchange for strategic consulting services, which included digital marketing campaigns. We estimated the value of the shares issued to be $53,856.

On November 3, 2021, and May 2, 2022, we issued 700 and 600 shares of Common Stock to a consultant, which related to investor relations and public relations services provided to the Company pursuant to an agreement between the parties dated June 15, 2021. We estimated the value of the shares issued to be $5,747 and $4,926, respectively.

Also on November 3, 2021, January 27, 2022 and May 2, 2022, we issued 9,000, 12,500 and 12,500 shares of Common Stock to a consultant, which related to investor relations services provided to the Company pursuant to an agreement between the parties dated October 24, 2021.

On March 10, 2022, we issued 14,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant, which related to investor relations services provided to the Company pursuant to an agreement between the parties dated March 10, 2022.

On March 24, 2022, we issued 9,000 shares of Common Stock to Mr. Joachim Fuchs, which related to services provided to the Company pursuant to a consulting agreement between the parties dated February 10, 2022.

On May 18, 2022, we issued 9,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant, which related to services provided to the Company in connection with its cross-listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange pursuant to a board resolution dated May 11, 2022.   

On July 11, 2022 and September 7, 2022 and October 11, 2022 we issued 6,000,7,500 and 710,090 shares of Common Stock, respectively, to a consultant in consideration for services rendered pursuant to a consulting agreement by and between the Company and the consultant dated January 9, 2022.

On both, May 2, 2022 and August 22, 2022, we issued 12,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant in consideration for services rendered pursuant to an amended consulting agreement by and between the Company and the consultant dated June 26, 2022.

On September 7, 2022, we issued 3,000 shares of Common Stock to Mr. Joachim Fuchs, chairman of the board of directors of our subsidiary, Save Foods Ltd. This grant and following grants were issued pursuant to the 2022 Plan.   

On September 7, 2022, we issued 50,000 shares of Common stock to a consultant in consideration for services rendered pursuant to an amended consulting agreement by and between the Company and the consultant dated September 6, 2022.

On October 26, 2022, the Board approved the issuance of 50,000 shares of Common Stock to a consultant pursuant to his investor relations consulting agreement and in addition, quarterly issuances of 9,000 shares of Common Stock commencing January 1, 2023 and ending on December 31, 2024. On November 16, 2022 we issued 50,000 shares of Common Stock.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we did not purchase any of our equity securities.

Item 6. selected financial data

[Reserved]

item 7. management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations 

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See “Forward-looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties and assumptions associated with these statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below.

Overview

We develop eco-friendly “green” solutions for the food industry. Our solutions are developed to improve the food safety and shelf life of fresh produce. We do this by controlling human and plant pathogens, thereby reducing spoilage, and in turn, reducing food loss.

Our products are based on a proprietary blend of food acids which have a synergistic effect when combined with certain types of oxidizing agent-based sanitizers and fungicides at low concentrations. Our green products are capable of cleaning, sanitizing and controlling pathogens on fresh produce with the goal of making them safer for human consumption and extending their shelf life by reducing their decay. One of the main advantages of our products is that our active ingredients do not leave any toxicological residues on the fresh produce we treat. In contrary, by forming a temporary protective shield around the fresh produce we treat, our products make it difficult for pathogens to develop and potentially provide protection which also reduces cross-contamination.

Components of Results of Operation

Revenues and Cost of Revenues

Our total revenue consists of products and our cost of revenues consists of cost of products.

The following table discloses the breakdown of revenues and costs of revenues:

Operating Expenses

Our current operating expenses consist of three components - research and development expenses, selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Expenses, net

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel expenses, share base compensation, professional fees and other related research and development expenses such as field tests.

The following table discloses the breakdown of research and development expenses:

Following careful consideration, our board of directors decided to implement certain cost reduction measures in 2023, including, inter alia, the reduction of our research and development expenses.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, share based compensation and other expenses.

The following table discloses the breakdown of selling and marketing expenses:

We expect that our selling and marketing expenses will increase as we continue to increase our selling and marketing efforts including commercial validation pilots and recruit additional employees or contractor to support our selling and marketing efforts in our targeted geographical areas.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of professional services, share based compensation and other non-personnel related expenses.

The following table discloses the breakdown of general and administrative expenses:

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022 to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, together with the changes in those items in dollars:

Revenues

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $394,004, a decrease of $44,137, or 10%, compared to total revenues of $438,141 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease is mainly a result of a decrease in sales due to adverse weather conditions, which caused a reduction in citrus production.

We do not have backlogs or firm commitments from our customers for our products. Our sales might deteriorate if we fail to achieve commercial success or obtain regulatory approval of any of our products.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales consists primarily of salaries, materials, and overhead costs of manufacturing our products. Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $158,313, an increase of $22,370, or 16%, compared to total cost of revenues of $135,943 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is mainly a result of an increase in the prices of raw materials offset partially by a decrease in salaries.

Gross Profit

Gross loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $235,691, a decrease of $66,507, or 22%, compared to gross loss of $302,198 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease is mainly a result of the decrease in revenues, as detailed above as well as an increase in the prices of raw materials.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist of salaries and related expenses, share base compensation, consulting fees, service providers’ costs, related materials and overhead expenses. Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $770,826, an increase of $232,142, or 43%, compared to total research and development expenses of $538,684 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is mainly attributable to an increase in salaries and related expenses and field tests offset partially by a decrease in subcontractor’s expenses.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs for selling and marketing personnel, travel related expenses and services providers. Selling and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $567,598, an increase of $367,299, or 183%, compared to total selling and marketing expenses of $200,299 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is mainly attributable to the increase in salaries and related expenses and professional services expenses.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses including share based compensation and other non-personnel related expenses such as legal expenses and directors and insurance costs. General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $ 4,716,909 , an increase of $450,055 , or 11%, compared to total general and administrative expenses of $4,266,854 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is mainly a result of the increase in share-based compensation to our employees and service providers, salaries and related expenses and professional services, offset partially by a decrease in legal expenses.

Financing Income (Expenses), Net

Financing income, net for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $39,801, a decrease of $201,538, or 125 %, compared to total financing expenses of $161,737 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in financing expenses is mainly a result of decrease in changes in fair value of our convertible loans fully converted during 2021 as well as interest and currency exchange gains on our cash balances.

Total Comprehensive Loss

As a result of the foregoing, our total comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $5,779,841, compared to $4,865,376 for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $914,465, or 19%.

Impact of COVID-19

The global spread of COVID-19 led many countries, including the United States, Europe and Israel (where we maintain material operations), to impose stringent limitations on movement, gatherings, transit of passengers and goods and to close the borders between countries. The responses of governments have notably impacted many economies as well as capital markets worldwide. While we have no and do not expect to experience any material impact on our overall liquidity and outlook, it is not possible at this time to estimate the full impact the COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business results of operations and financial condition.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We describe our significant accounting policies more fully in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report. We believe that the accounting policy described in Note 2 is critical in order to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). At the time of the preparation of the financial statements, our management is required to use estimates, evaluations and assumptions which affect the application of the accounting policy and the amounts reported for assets, obligations, income and expenses. Any estimates and assumptions are continually reviewed. The changes to the accounting estimates are credited during the period in which the change to the estimate is made.

Stock-based Compensation

Employees and other service providers of the Company may receive benefits by way of stock-based compensation settled with company options exercised for shares of our Common Stock. The cost of transactions with employees settled with capital instruments is measured based on the fair value of the capital instruments on the granting date. The fair value is determined using an accepted options pricing model. The model is based on share price, grant date and on assumptions regarding expected volatility and expected lifespan.

The cost of the transactions settled with capital instruments is recognized in profit or loss together with a corresponding increase in the equity over the period in which the performance and/or service takes place, and ending on the date on which the relevant employees are entitled to the benefits (the “Vesting Period”). The aggregate expense recognized for transactions settled with capital instruments at the end of each reporting date and until the Vesting Period reflects the degree to which the Vesting Period has expired. The expense or income in profit or loss reflects the change of the aggregate expense recognized as of the end of the reported period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations, and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. Significant factors in the management of liquidity are funds generated by operations, levels of accounts receivable and accounts payable and capital expenditures. Since our inception through December 31, 2022, we have funded our operations principally with approximately $20 million (net of issuance expenses) from the issuance of shares of our Common Stock, options and loans.

The table below presents our cash flows for the periods indicated:

As of December 31, 2022, we had cash of $5,700,709, as compared to $6,750,938 as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, we had a working capital of $5,557,595, as compared to $6,297,793 as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in our cash balance is mainly attributable to cash used in operations.

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $5,097,126 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $4,113,307 for the year ended December 31, 2021 an increase of $983,819. The increase is mainly attributable to the increase in our net loss of $914,465 as well as decrease in liability for employee rights upon retirement and in accounts payables, partially offset by decrease in other current assets and in share-based compensation.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $51,689 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $67,749 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease is mainly attributable to the decrease in purchase of property and equipment.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $4,094,940 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $10,725,016 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease is mainly the result of proceeds from the May 2021 Underwritten Offering described above and conversions of convertible loans which occurred during the second quarter of 2021 as compared to proceeds from the August 2022 Underwritten Offering described above.

Financial Arrangements

Since our inception, we have financed our operation primarily through proceeds from sales of our shares of Common Stock and convertible loan agreements.

On June 24, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “June 2020 SPA”) with the December 2019 Lenders in connection with the sale and issuance of 67,369 units, at a purchase price of $7.63 per unit. Each unit consists of: (i) one share of the Company’s Common Stock; and (ii) one warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock with an exercise price of $8.40. In connection with the June 2020 SPA, the Company issued to the December 2019 Lenders an aggregate of 67,369 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 67,369 shares of Common Stock. The shares of Common Stock were issued on July 2, 2020.

Simultaneous with and conditioned upon the execution of the June 2020 SPA, the Company and each of the December 2019 Lenders, agreed to effectively cancel the December 2019 CLA and the equity securities issued thereunder. In connection therewith, each of the December 2019 Lenders, voluntarily waived any right to receive interest that accrued thereupon pursuant to the December 2019 CLAs.

On September 23, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “September 2020 SPA”) with Medigus in connection with the sale and issuance of 13,107 units, at a purchase price of $7.63 per unit, and for an aggregate purchase price of $100,000. Each unit consists of: (i) one share of Common Stock and (ii) one warrant to purchase one share of Common Stock with an exercise price of $1.20. In connection with the September 2020 SPA, the Company issued to Medigus an aggregate of 13,107 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 13,107 shares of Common Stock. Furthermore, the September 2020 SPA contemplates an additional investment by Medigus not to exceed $25,000 (the “Additional Investment”), which investment shall be triggered following the parties’ initiation of a proof of concept procedure to test the effectiveness of the Company’s sanitizers and its residual effects against different pathogens. In consideration for the Additional Investment, the Company has agreed to issue an additional 3,277 units at a purchase price of $7.63, which units shall contain the same composition of securities as described in the aforementioned description of the September 2020 SPA.

During September 2020, we entered into a series of convertible loan agreements (each a “September 2020 CLA”) with certain lenders (the “September 2020 Lenders”), to sell convertible promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of $125,000 (the “September 2020 Notes”). The September 2020 Notes will bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum. The outstanding loan amount will mature on the earlier of (i) the third anniversary of each September 2020 CLA or (ii) a deemed liquidation event (as defined therein). The loan amount represented by the September 2020 Notes will be repaid to the September 2020 Lenders according to the following schedule: (i) the principal amount represented by the September 2020 Notes will be repaid in four bi-annual installments, commencing on the first anniversary following the closing of each September 2020 CLA, and (ii) the interest accrued on the loan amount will be paid in two bi-annual installments, commencing on the first anniversary of the first payment of that principal amount. The September 2020 Lenders may convert all or any portion of the September 2020 Notes into shares of Common Stock at any time prior to the closing of an underwritten public offering (the “Mandatory Conversion Event”), at a conversion price of $7.63 per share. In addition, the September 2020 Notes will be automatically converted into shares of Common stock immediately prior to a Mandatory Conversion Event, at a conversion price as shall be determined in connection with the Mandatory Conversion Event.

During October 2020, we entered into a series of convertible loan agreements (each a “October 2020 CLA”) with certain lenders (the “October 2020 Lenders”), to sell convertible promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of $100,000 (the “October 2020 Notes”). The October 2020 Notes will bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum. The outstanding loan amount will mature on the earlier of (i) the third anniversary of each October 2020 CLA or (ii) a deemed liquidation event (as defined therein). The loan amount represented by the October 2020 Notes will be repaid to the October 2020Lenders according to the following schedule: (i) the principal amount represented by the notes will be repaid in four bi-annual installments, commencing on the first anniversary following the closing of each October 2020 CLA, and (ii) the interest accrued on the loan amount will be paid in two bi-annual installments, commencing on the first anniversary of the first payment of that principal amount. The October 2020 Notes will be automatically converted into shares of Common stock immediately prior to a Mandatory Conversion Event, at a conversion price as shall be determined in connection with the Mandatory Conversion Event. In addition, the October 2020 Lenders may convert all or any portion of the notes into shares of Common Stock at any time prior to a Mandatory Conversion Event, at a conversion price of $7.63 per share.

During January 2021, we entered into a series of convertible loan agreements (each a “January 2021 CLA”) with certain lenders (the “January 2021 Lenders”), to sell convertible promissory notes with an aggregate principal amount of $274,000 (the “January 2021 Notes”). The January 2021 Notes bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum. The outstanding loan amount matures on the earlier of (i) the third anniversary of each January 2021 CLA or (ii) a deemed liquidation event (as defined therein). The loan amount represented by the January 2021 Notes will be repaid to the January 2021 Lenders according to the following schedule: (i) the principal amount represented by the notes will be repaid in four bi-annual installments, commencing on the first anniversary following the closing of each January 2021 CLA, and (ii) the interest accrued on the loan amount will be paid in two bi-annual installments, commencing on the first anniversary of the first payment of that principal amount. The January 2021 Notes will be automatically converted into shares of Common stock immediately prior to a Mandatory Conversion Event, at a conversion price as shall be determined in connection with the Mandatory Conversion Event. In addition, the January 2021 Lenders may convert all or any portion of the notes into shares of Common Stock at any time prior to a Mandatory Conversion Event, at a conversion price of $7.63 per share.

As part of the September 2020 CLAs, the October 2020 CLAs and the January 2021 CLAs, we entered into a registration rights agreement with each of the September 2020 Lenders, October 2020 Lenders and the January 2021 Lenders, whereby each of such lenders received piggyback registration rights for the shares issuable upon conversion of the September 2020 Notes, October 2020 Notes and the January 2021 Notes to shares of Common Stock.

Current Outlook

We have financed our operations to date primarily through proceeds from sales of our shares of Common Stock. We have incurred losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since inception in 2009. Most of our revenues are currently generated in U.S. dollars from the sale of our products and services.

As of December 31, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents were $5,700,709. We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our current operations until at least December 2024. In addition, our operating plans may change as a result of many factors that may currently be unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than planned. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

item 7a. quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item.

item 8. financial statements and supplementary data

The information called for by Item 8 is included following the “Index to Financial Statements” on page F-1 of this Annual Report.

item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

On July 25, 2021, our Board of Directors approved the dismissal of Halperin Ilanit CPA, or Halperin, as its independent registered accounting firm, effective as of the same date, and appointed Somekh Chaikin, member firm of KPMG International, as our new independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, effective as of the same date. There were no disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure of a type described in Item 304 (a)(1)(iv) or any reportable event as described in Item 304 (a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K occurred within the Company’s two most recent fiscal years.

item 9a. controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2022. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Our management has concluded, based on its assessment, that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.

Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm due to the Company’s status as an emerging growth company, as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9b. Other information

None.

Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

part iii

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and corporate governance

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers, key employees and directors as of the date hereof:

Directors and Executive Officers  

Amitay Weiss, Director

Mr. Weiss has served as a member of our board of directors since August 2020 and as our chairman of the board of directors since May 24, 2021. Mr. Weiss also serves as a director in other public companies, including but not limited to Gix Internet Ltd., Arazim Investments Ltd., Maris-Tech Ltd. and Upsellon Brands Holdings Ltd. Mr Weiss also serves as Chairman of the Board for Automax Motors Ltd., Clearmind Medicine Inc., SciSparc Ltd. and Internet Golden Lines Ltd. amongst others. In April 2016, Mr. Weiss founded Amitay Weiss Management Ltd., an economic consulting company and serves as its chief executive officer. Mr. Weiss holds a B.A in economics from New England College, an M.B.A. in business administration from Ono Academic College in Israel, an Israeli branch of University of Manchester and an LL.B from the Ono Academic College.

David Palach, Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Palach has served as our chief executive officer since January 2021. Mr. Palach has owned and served as chief executive officer of S.T. Sporting LTD and Sun Light Lightning Solutions LTD, companies operating in the environmental industry since 2009 and 2015, respectively. Mr. Palach holds a BBA in Accounting from Baruch College/City University of New York and completed a Directors Course at Bar Ilan University in Israel. Mr. Palach previously maintained a certified public accounting license in the State of Maryland.

Dan Sztybel, Chief Executive Officer of Save Foods Ltd.

Mr. Sztybel has served as the chief executive officer of Save Foods Ltd. since April 2019. Mr. Sztybel previously served as the chief executive officer of the Company from April 2019 to January 2021. Prior to this, Mr. Sztybel served as our vice president of business development from October 2018 to March 2019. Prior to joining us, Mr. Sztybel has served as principal at Goldmed Ltd., a consulting firm from September 2016 to September 2018. Mr. Sztybel is the founder of Dan Sztybel Consulting Group, a boutique firm advising global leaders and emerging startups in the healthcare field on strategy, partnerships, and investments and has served as its managing director/ since November 2014. Mr. Sztybel is also the co-founder of MyndYou, a digital health-tech company. Prior to that, Mr. Sztybel led the life sciences and healthcare advisory team at Kost, Forer, Gabbay & Kasierer, a member firm of Ernst & Young Global from July 2007 to November 2014. Mr. Sztybel received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. in molecular biology and biotechnology from Bar-Ilan University. Mr. Sztybel also completed a special EY-Kellogg-Recanati business program for employee excellence.

Lital Barda, Chief Financial Officer

Lital Barda has served as our chief financial officer since April 2022. In addition to her role as chief financial officer, Ms. Barda currently serves as an accountant and financial controller for Shlomo Zakai, CPA, a position she has held since November 2017, and provided a wide range of accounting and controlling services for publicly traded and private companies, including for the Company. Ms. Barda holds a B.A. in accounting from the Ono Academic College in Kiryat Ono, Israel. Ms. Barda is also a certified public accountant in Israel.

Ronen Rosenbloom, Director

Mr. Rosenbloom has served as a member of our board of directors since August 2020. Mr. Rosenbloom is an independent lawyer and has been working out of a self-owned law firm specializing in white collar offences since 2004. Mr. Rosenbloom has served on the board of directors of Medigus Ltd. (Nasdaq and TASE: MDGS) since September 2018 and ScoutCam Inc. (OTC: SCTC) since December 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Rosenbloom served as chairman of the Israeli Money Laundering Prohibition committee and the Prohibition of Money Laundering Committee of the Tel Aviv District, both of the Israel Bar Association from November 2015 to December 2019. Mr. Rosenbloom holds an LL.B. from the Ono Academic College, an Israeli branch of University of Manchester.

Israel Berenshtein, Director

Mr. Berenshtein has served as a member of our board of directors since August 2020. Mr. Berenshtein has also served on the board of directors of Chrion Refineries Ltd. (TASE: CHR) since May 2019 and recently started working as a lawyer in Ben Yakov, Shvimer, Dolv - Law Office. He previously served in the legal department of Sonol Israel Ltd. since April 2010 to December 2020. Before that, Mr. Berenshtein worked as a commercial lawyer and litigator for a leading Israeli law firm from July 2000 to April 2010. Mr. Berenshtein earned an LL.B. in law and an M.A. in political science from Bar Ilan University, Israel. Mr. Berenshtein was admitted to the Israel Bar Association in 2000.

Eliahou Arbib, Director

Mr. Arbib has served as a member of our board of directors since January 2021. Mr. Arbib has also served as chairman of the board of directors of Chiron Refineries Ltd. (TASE: CHR) since September 2016. He has also the current owner and manager of Eliahou Arbib Law Offices, since May 2013. Prior to that, from 1993 until 2000, Mr. Arbib was the managing director of AA Arbib Agriculture Supply Ltd. Mr. Arbib holds an LLB from the Law and Business Academic Center of Ramat Gan, Israel. Mr. Arbib has been an active member of the Israeli Bar Association since 2013, and served as deputy chairman of the Security and Defense Committee of the Israeli Bar Association since 2014.

Udi Kalifi, Director

Mr. Kalifi has served as a member of our board of directors since May 18, 2021. Mr. Kalifi is the owner and manager of Udi Kalifi Law Offices since 2006. He has also served as a member of the board of directors of Matomi Media Group Ltd. (TASE: MTMY) since May 2020. Mr. Kalifi holds an LLB, BSc in Accounting and LLM from the Tel Aviv University, Israel and a master’s degree in law and economics from the University of Bologna, Humbourg and Roterdam. Mr. Kalifi has been an active member of the Israeli Bar Association since 2006.

Family Relationships

There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

We are not aware of any of our directors or officers being involved in any legal proceedings in the past ten years relating to any matters in bankruptcy, insolvency, criminal proceedings (other than traffic and other minor offenses), or being subject to any of the items set forth under Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K. 

Composition of Board of Directors

Our board of directors consists of five directors. Our directors are appointed by the board of directors at the annual general meeting. Each director’s term will continue until the annual meeting of the stockholders held following his or her election and the election and qualification of his or her successor, or his or her earlier death, disqualification, resignation or removal.

When considering whether directors have the experience, qualifications, attributes or skills, taken as a whole, to enable our board of directors to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of our business and structure, the board of directors focuses primarily on each person’s background and experience as reflected in the information discussed in each of the directors’ individual biographies set forth above. We believe that our directors provide an appropriate mix of experience and skills relevant to the size and nature of our business.

Arrangements for Election of Directors and Members of Management

There are no arrangements or understandings with major stockholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any of our executive management or our directors were selected.

Director Independence

Our board of directors has determined that Ronen Rosenbloom, Israel Berenshtein, Amitay Weiss, Eliahou Arbib and Udi Kalifi do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Nasdaq Rules”).

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors directs the management of our business and affairs, as provided by Delaware law, and conducts its business through meetings of the board of directors and standing committees. We will have a standing audit committee, nominating and corporate governance committee and compensation committee following the consummation of this offering. In addition, from time to time, special committees may be established under the direction of the board of directors when necessary to address specific issues.

Audit Committee

Our audit committee is responsible for, among other things: