Scopus BioPharma Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 June (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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FORM 10-Q

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(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021

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or

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¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the transition period ended from ________ to ________

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Commission File Number: 001-39788

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 300

New York, New York, 10170

(Address of principal executive offices)

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212-479-2513

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x  No ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x   No ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ¨   No x

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As of August 6, 2021, there were 18,094,264 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

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Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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1.      Organization and Description of the Business

Nature of Operations

Scopus BioPharma Inc. (“Scopus”) and its subsidiary, Vital Spark, Inc. (“VSI”), are headquartered in New York. Its other subsidiaries, Olimmune Inc. (“Olimmune”) and Scopus BioPharma Israel Ltd. (“SBI”), are headquartered in Los Angeles, California and Jerusalem, Israel, respectively. Scopus, VSI, Olimmune, and SBI are collectively referred to as the “Company.” The Company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing transformational therapeutics for serious diseases with significant unmet medical needs.

Going Concern

The provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (ASC 205-40) requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. In each reporting period (including interim periods), an entity is required to assess conditions known and reasonably knowable as of the financial statement issuance date to determine whether it is probable an entity will not meet its financial obligations within one year from the financial statement issuance date. Substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern exists when conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate it is probable the entity will be unable to meet its financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

The Company is an early-stage company and has not generated revenues to date. As such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with early-stage companies. Since inception, the Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operating activities which have been funded from the issuance of convertible notes, common stock, and warrants (sees Notes 3, 6 and 9). The Company does not expect to generate positive cash flows from operating activities in the near future, if at all, until such time it completes the development of its drug candidates, including obtaining regulatory approvals, and anticipates incurring operating losses for the foreseeable future.  

The Company incurred net losses of $15,628,900 and $19,034,207, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and had an accumulated deficit of $33,535,946 as of June 30, 2021. The Company’s net cash used in operating activities was $4,759,242 for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Further, while the Company has raised significant cash proceeds from a public offering (see Note 3), the Company still has significant obligations related to the Company’s Convertible Notes (see Note 6), certain research and development acquisitions (see Note 4) and agreements (see Note 7), and operating expenses.

The Company’s ability to fund its operations is dependent upon management’s plans, which include raising capital through issuances of debt and equity securities, securing research and development grants, generating sufficient revenues, and controlling the Company’s expenses. A failure to raise sufficient financing, generate sufficient revenues, or control expenses, among other factors, will adversely impact the Company’s ability to meet its financial obligations as they become due and payable and to achieve its intended business objectives.

This evaluation is further impacted by an ongoing pandemic related to the COVID-19 coronavirus. While uncertain at this time, the extent of its impacts depends largely on the spread and duration of the outbreak, and may result in disruptions to capital raises, employees, and vendors which could result in negative impacts to operational and financial results.

Accordingly, management has concluded this raises substantial doubt of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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1.Organization and Description of the Business (Continued)

Going Concern (continued)

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The Company is continually monitoring the impact of the global pandemic on its business, especially since the Company conducts activities in multiple locations, both in and outside of the United States. These locations are New York City and Los Angeles in the United States and Jerusalem and Tel Aviv in Israel. At various times since the onset of the global pandemic, these locations have been severely affected by COVID-19 and, as a result, have been subject to various requirements to stay at home and self-quarantine, as well as constraints on mobility and travel, especially international travel.

In many locations, the primary focus of healthcare providers and hospitals has been to combat the virus. While the Company continues to advance its development programs, the Company is also continually assessing the impact of the global pandemic on its product development efforts, including any impact on the timing and/or costs for its clinical trials, investigational new drug application (“IND”) enabling work, and other research and development activities. There is no certainty as to the length and severity of societal disruption caused by COVID-19. Consequently, the Company does not have sufficient visibility to predict the impact of the global pandemic on its operations and overall business, including delays in the progress of its planned pre-clinical work and clinical trials, or by limiting its ability to recruit physicians or clinicians to run its clinical trials, enroll patients or conduct follow-up assessments in its clinical trials. Further, the business or operations of its strategic partners and other third parties with whom the Company conducts business may also be adversely affected by the global pandemic. The Company continues to monitor the impact of the global pandemic, including regularly reevaluating the timing of its research and development and clinical milestones. In light of the more restrictive constraints on international travel, the Company continues to adjust program emphasis and prioritization. Until the Company is able to gain greater visibility as to the impact of the global pandemic, the Company intends to commit greater resources to its existing and future programs in the United States and is slowing investment in program development outside the United States.

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2.      Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s accounting policies are the same as those described in Note 2 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 29, 2021, and as amended on April 29, 2021 (collectively, “the 2020 10-K”).

The Company is an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Company has irrevocably elected to avail itself of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and, therefore, will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

The Company has reviewed recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business or no material effect is expected on the condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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2.      Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. In management’s opinion, the accompanying statements reflect adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for those periods indicated, and contain adequate disclosure to make the information presented not misleading. Adjustments included herein are of a normal, recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed in the footnotes. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s 2020 10-K. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited balance sheet at December 31, 2020 contained in the Company’s 2020 10-K. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for a full year.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates in these condensed consolidated financial statements include those related to the fair value of common stock, warrants, stock-based compensation, the provision or benefit for income taxes and the corresponding valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, and probability of meeting certain milestones. In addition, management’s assessment of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern involves the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash inflows and outflows. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, judgments, and methodologies. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Offering Costs

Offering costs totaling $1,168,900 were recognized as a reduction of the proceeds of the Company’s follow-on public offering completed in February 2021 (see Note 3).

Fair Value Measurement

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the price which would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, are as follows:

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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2.      Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Fair Value Measurement (Continued)

As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the carrying amounts of the Company’s cash, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and convertible notes payable approximate their respective fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

The common stock warrant liability is recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and is considered a Level 3 liability. The fair value of the common stock warrant liability is included in “Common stock warrant liability” in current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, as the warrants become exercisable within one year.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share attributable to common shareholders is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the relevant period. Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as dilutive net loss per share as the inclusion of the weighted-average number of all potential dilutive common shares which consist of convertible debt, stock options and warrants, would be anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the weighted-average, potentially dilutive shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted net (loss) per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders, because their effect was anti-dilutive:

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3.      Public Offering

On February 10, 2021, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 1,150,000 shares, including the Company’s underwriters’ exercise, in full, of their over-allotment option, of its common stock at a public offering price of $9.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $10,350,000. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of $9,181,100, after deducting offering costs of $1,168,900, related to the follow-on public offering.

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4.      Acquisitions

On June 25, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Olimmune, a developer of oligonucleotide immunotherapies for the treatment of multiple cancers. Olimmune owned the exclusive right to negotiate two license agreements, which were executed concurrently with the closing of the acquisition, related to Olimmune’s drug candidates, CpG-STAT3ASO and CpG-STAT3decoy, with City of Hope (see Note 7). The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition as the purchase primarily related to a single asset. The aggregate upfront expense, including the upfront license fees paid to City of Hope, totaled approximately $8.1 million, consisting of approximately $0.4 million payable in cash and the issuance of approximately $7.7 million of common stock. Pursuant to asset acquisition accounting, acquired in-process research and development with no alternative future use is expensed at acquisition. Accordingly, this amount, totaling $8.1 million, was recognized in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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4.      Acquisitions (Continued)

On June 10, 2020, the Company completed the acquisition of Bioscience Oncology Pty. Ltd. (“Bioscience Oncology”), a pre-clinical biopharmaceutical company which held a single asset, the exclusive right to negotiate a license agreement for CpG-STAT3siRNA, or CO-sTiRNA^TM, with City of Hope (see Note 7). The transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition as the purchase primarily related to a single asset. The aggregate upfront expense, including the upfront license fees paid to City of Hope totaled approximately $7.2 million, composed of approximately $0.9 million, which was paid in cash, and the issuance of approximately $5.9 million and $0.5 million of common stock and W Warrants, respectively. Pursuant to asset acquisition accounting, acquired in-process research and development with no alternative future use is expensed at acquisition. Accordingly, this amount was recognized in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Under the terms of the agreement, the previous shareholders of Bioscience Oncology were eligible to receive additional contingent consideration of up to approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock upon the achievement of specified milestones, which will be recorded when it is determined the corresponding milestone is probable to be achieved. As of June 30, 2021, the previous shareholders of Bioscience Oncology had been issued approximately 1.3 million shares of common stock upon achievement of a specified milestone and remain eligible to receive additional contingent consideration of approximately 1.3 million shares of common stock (the “Contingent Common Stock”) upon achievement of a second specified milestone (see Notes 7 and 9).

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5.      Accounts payable and accrued expenses

Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following as of:

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Amounts due to related parties included in accounts payable and accrued expenses totaled $209,849 and $308,246 as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively (see Note 11).

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6.      Debt

In April 2020, the Company amended the terms of its December 2019 Private Placement (see Note 9) to issue convertible promissory notes (“Convertible Notes”) with W Warrants (“Convertible Notes Private Placement”) in an initial principal amount of up to $3,000,000. The Convertible Notes have an annual interest rate of 10% and a scheduled maturity on the earlier of July 31, 2021 or a change of control of the Company (the “Maturity Date”). For each $1.00 of initial principal, the purchaser also received one W Warrant. Prior to the Maturity Date, the holder may elect to convert each $1.00 of initial principal amount of Convertible Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest into W Warrants at a conversion price of $0.50 per W Warrant.

Between June 2020 and September 2020, the Company issued an aggregate initial principal amount of $2,001,605 of Convertible Notes as part of the Convertible Notes Private Placement for net cash proceeds of $1,741,531 in cash after issuance costs of $260,074 , of which $192,787 was recognized as deferred financing costs and the remaining $67,287 as a reduction of the proceeds allocated to the attached W Warrants.

Between February 2020 and June 2020, the Company issued convertible notes on identical terms to those of the Convertible Notes Private Placement to HCFP/Portfolio Services LLC (“Portfolio Services”) (see Note 9), investors and vendors, on a direct basis, in an aggregate initial principal amount of $636,230 for $187,500 in cash, with the balance as consideration for legal and management services rendered and payable.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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6.      Debt (Continued)

Investors who purchased W Warrants in the December 2019 Private Placement prior to the amendment of its terms were provided the option to surrender two W Warrants for the purchase of $1.00 of initial principal amount of Convertible Notes. On September 28, 2020, all holders of W Warrants purchased in the December 2019 Private Placement elected to surrender their W Warrants and, accordingly, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $252,000 of Convertible Notes in exchange for 504,000 surrendered W Warrants of equivalent fair market value. Effective July 31, 2021, the principal balance outstanding, including accrued and unpaid interest, on the Convertible Notes was converted into W Warrants or repaid in cash (see Note13).

The Convertible Notes principal amount of $2,889,835, reduced for issuance costs of $260,074, was allocated to the Convertible Notes and W Warrants, based on their respective relative fair value, resulting in an allocation of $1,733,769 and $895,992 to the Convertible Notes and W Warrants, respectively. The resulting difference between the principal amount and the amount allocated to Convertible Notes of $1,156,066 is being recognized as debt discount and deferred financing costs, amortized as interest expense over the term of the Convertible Notes. The amount allocated to the W Warrants was recognized as an increase to “Additional paid-in capital” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit) under the caption “Common stock warrant liability.”

Balances related to the Convertible Notes included the following as of:

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Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 totaled $332,005 and $664,010, respectively. Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 totaled $78,522 and $85,146, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, interest expense includes $72,246 and $144,492, respectively, of interest expense and $259,759 and $519,518, respectively, of debt discount and amortization of deferred financing costs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, interest expense includes $19,004 and $20,267, respectively, of interest expense and $59,518 and $64,879, respectively, of debt discount and amortization of deferred financing costs.

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7.      Research and Development Agreements

Agreement Related to Intellectual Property Rights

In July 2017, VSI as “Licensee” entered into a Patent License Agreement (the “Patent License Agreement”) with The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as represented by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (“NIAAA”) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (“NIDA”) of the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”), (collectively “Licensor”). In the course of conducting biomedical and behavioral research, the Licensor developed inventions that may have commercial applicability. The Licensee acquired commercialization rights to certain inventions in order to develop processes, methods, or marketable products for public use and benefit.

Patent fee reimbursement under the Patent License Agreement was $5,017 and $10,034 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 , respectively. Patent fee reimbursement under the Patent license agreement was $6,680 and $13,360 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. These costs are included in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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7.      Research and Development Agreements (Continued)

Agreement Related to Intellectual Property Rights (Continued)

Pursuant to the terms of the Patent License Agreement, VSI is required to make minimum annual royalty payments on January 1 of each calendar year, which shall be credited against any earned royalties due for sales made in that year, throughout the term of the Patent License Agreement. For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, $6,250 of this prepaid royalty expense was recognized in each period in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, $12,500 of this prepaid royalty expense was recognized in each period in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. The third annual payment of $25,000 was made in January 2021, of which the remaining $12,500 is included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Patent License Agreement also provides for payments from VSI to the Licensor upon the achievement of certain product development and regulatory clearance milestones, as well as royalty payments on net sales upon the commercialization of products developed utilizing the licensed patents. Through June 30, 2021, the Licensor has not achieved any milestones and therefore VSI has not made any milestone payments.

VSI is obligated to pay earned royalties based on a percentage of net sales, as defined in the Patent License Agreement, of licensed product throughout the term of the Patent License Agreement. Since April 18, 2017 (inception) through June 30, 2021, there have been no sales of licensed products. In addition, VSI is also obligated to pay the Licensor additional sublicensing royalties on the fair market value of any consideration received for granting each sublicense. Through June 30, 2021, VSI has not entered into any sublicensing agreements and therefore no sublicensing consideration has been paid to Licensor.

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement

Effective January 11, 2018, VSI signed a two-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (the “CRADA Agreement”) with the NIH for preclinical testing relating to the Patent License Agreement described above. Pursuant to the terms of the CRADA Agreement, each party will provide scientific staff and other support necessary to conduct the research and other activities described in the research plan. This agreement was subsequently amended to defer funding for year two subject to additional testing by NIH and approval of the results by VSI. On May 7, 2019, the Company made the first of two equal payments of $55,870 to NIH. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the second payment of $55,870, which is subject to delivery of final research results, is included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Total expenses incurred in connection with the CRADA Agreement for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $0, respectively. Total expenses incurred in connection with the CRADA Agreement for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $0 and $31,039, respectively. These expenses are included in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $55,870  was recognized in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Memorandums of Understanding

Effective July 28, 2018, SBI entered into two Memorandums of Understanding (“MOUs”) with Yissum Research Development Company (“Yissum”) of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem Ltd. (“Hebrew University”). Research under the Yissum MOUs was completed in December 2019 and March 2020, respectively, resulting in the license agreements below.

The fees incurred in connection with these MOU’s for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $0 and $17,081, respectively. The fees incurred in connection with these MOU’s for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $0 and $29,646, respectively. These fees are included in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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7.      Research and Development Agreements (Continued)

Memorandums of Understanding (Continued)

Effective March 5, 2019, the Company entered in a license agreement with Yissum with respect to the results of the research relating to the combination of cannabidiol with approved anesthetics as a potential treatment for the management of pain. Under the license agreement, the Company is obligated to pay earned royalties based on a percentage of net sales, as defined in the license agreement, including net sales generated from sub-licensees. In addition, the Company will be obligated to make payments upon the achievement of certain clinical development and product approval milestones. From March 5, 2019 through June 30, 2021, there have been no sales of licensed products by the Company nor has the Company entered into any sub-licensing agreements. Further, none of the milestones in the agreement have been reached and therefore as of June 30, 2021, there is no obligation to make any milestone payments.

Effective August 8, 2019, the Company entered into a second license agreement with Yissum with respect to the research results relating to the synthesis of novel cannabinoid dual-action compounds and novel chemical derivatives of cannabigerol and tetrahydrocannabivarin. Under this license agreement, the Company is required to pay earned royalties based upon a percentage of net sales at one percentage for regulated products and a lesser percentage for non-regulated products. The Company is obligated to pay development milestone payments tied to regulated products totaling $1,225,000 in the aggregate and $100,000 for non-regulated products in the aggregate. None of the milestones in the agreement have been reached and therefore as of June 30, 2021 there is no obligation to make any milestone payments.

CO-sTiRNA License Agreement and Sponsored Research Agreement

In June 2020, the Company entered into an exclusive, worldwide license agreement with City of Hope relating to CO-sTiRNA (the “CO-sTiRNA License Agreement”). In addition to the CO-sTiRNA License Agreement, the Company also entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (the “SRA”) relating to on-going research and development activities in collaboration with City of Hope relating to CO-sTiRNA. The Company obtained the right to negotiate the CO-sTiRNA License Agreement with City of Hope as part of the Bioscience Oncology acquisition in June 2020. Under the terms of the CO-sTiRNA License Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay earned royalties based on a percentage of net sales, as defined in the CO-sTiRNA License Agreement, including net sales generated from sub-licensees. In addition, the Company is obligated to make payments in cash upon the achievement of certain clinical development and product approval milestones totaling $3,525,000 in the aggregate. None of the milestones in the CO-sTiRNA License Agreement have been reached and therefore as of June 30, 2021, there is no obligation to make any milestone payments. Pursuant to the terms of the SRA, the Company has committed to fund research and development at City of Hope for two years in accordance with a predetermined funding schedule. Total expenses incurred in connection with the CO-sTiRNA License agreement and SRA were $70,000 and $140,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and $13,889 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. These expenses are included in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

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7.      Research and Development Agreements (Continued)

CO-sTiRNA License Agreement and Sponsored Research Agreement (Continued)

In March 2021, the Company paid to City of Hope approximately $1.2 million relating to the clinical lot manufacturing and IND preparation costs for CO-sTiRNA and agreed to pay $10,000 per month to City of Hope for certain project management and regulatory services relating to the preparation of the IND for CO-sTiRNA until such IND was filed with the FDA, which occurred in April 2021. Further, the Company incurred costs of approximately $0.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2021 pursuant to a clinical research support agreement relating to the Phase 1 clinical trial for CO-sTiRNA to be conducted at City of Hope. These expenses are included in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

In May 2021, the Company received United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approval of its IND application related to CO-sTiRNA. Pursuant to the definitive agreement to acquire Bioscience Oncology, this approval satisfied a milestone that resulted in the issuance of approximately 1.3 million common shares of contingent consideration to the previous shareholders of Bioscience Oncology in June 2021 totaling approximately $5.1 million, based upon a value of $4.00 per share determined at the time of acquisition, and is included in “Research and development” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Olimmune License Agreements

On June 25, 2021, the Company entered into two exclusive, worldwide license agreements with City of Hope relating to the Olimmune’s drug candidates. The Company obtained the rights to negotiate the ASO Patent Rights license agreement and the Decoy Patent Rights license agreement (together, the “Olimmune License Agreements”) with City of Hope as part of the Olimmune acquisition in June 2021 (see Note 4). Under the terms of the Olimmune License Agreements, the Company is obligated to pay earned royalties based on a percentage of net sales, as defined in the Olimmune License Agreements, including net sales generated from sub-licensees. In addition, the Company is obligated to make payments in cash upon the achievement of certain clinical development and product approval milestones totaling $6,750,000 for each license, or $13,500,000 in the aggregate. None of the milestones in the Olimmune License Agreements have been reached and therefore as of June 30, 2021, there is no obligation to make any milestone payments.

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8.      Commitments and Contingencies

Research and Development Agreements

The Company has entered into various research and development agreements which require the Company to provide certain funding and support. See Note 7 for further information regarding these agreements.

Legal Proceedings

Except as hereinafter set forth, the Company is not a party to any litigation. On April 7, 2021, a co-founder and former director of the Company, filed a Schedule 13D in which such former director claims sole beneficial ownership of certain shares. Such Schedule 13D sets forth that such former director has initiated litigation against the Company in the Delaware Court of Chancery with respect to ownership of shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company has moved to dismiss this lawsuit in its entirety. The Schedule 13D also provides that such former director has determined to vote against the future election of members of the Company’s board of directors. This litigation is still at an early stage and it is too early to assess potential liabilities, if any. Accordingly, the Company does not currently have any contingency reserves established for any potential litigation liabilities. Separate from the foregoing, the Company and such former director do not agree on numerous other matters, which creates the potential for additional litigation. Litigation is highly unpredictable and the costs of litigation, including legal fees and expenses, could be significant. Given the inherent uncertainties, the Company may become subject to liabilities, including monetary damages. Any such liabilities could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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9.      Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001 per share with such designation, rights and preferences as may be determined from time-to-time by the Company’s board of directors. Authority is expressly vested in the board of directors to authorize the issuance of one or more series of preferred stock. All 20,000,000 shares remained unissued as of June 30, 2021.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001 per share. The number of authorized shares of common stock may be increased or decreased (but not below the number of shares of common stock then outstanding) by an affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the common stock.

The powers, preferences, and rights of the holders of the common stock are junior to the preferred stock and are subject to all the powers, rights, privileges, preferences, and priorities of the preferred stock. The holder of each share of common stock shall have the right to one vote per share. Each holder of common stock shall be entitled to receive dividends and distributions (whether payable in cash or otherwise) as declared by the board of directors of the Company, subject to the rights of any class of preferred stock outstanding. In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company (whether voluntary or involuntary), the assets available for distribution to holders of common stock will be in equal amounts per share.

Equity Units

On February 4, 2020, the Company offered up to 200,000 Series A units at a price of $5.00 per unit in a Regulation A+ Tier II offering (the “A Units”). Each A Unit consists of one share of the Company’s common stock and two Series W Warrants (“W Warrants”). Each W Warrant is exercisable for one Series B Unit (“B Unit”). Each B Unit consists of one share of common stock and one Series Z Warrant (“Z Warrant”). Each Z Warrant is exercisable for one share of common stock. The exercise price of the W Warrant is $4.00, and the exercise price of the Z Warrant is $5.00. The W Warrants and Z Warrants will be exercisable commencing on October 1, 2021 and July 1, 2022, respectively, and expire on September 30, 2026 and June 30, 2027, respectively, unless previous exercised.

Warrants

During the six months ended June 30, 2021, no warrants were issued, exercised, or forfeited. As of June 30, 2021, 8,884,438 warrants were outstanding at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.93, and 250,000 warrants were exercisable at a weighted-average exercise price of $1.50. On June 5, 2020, the Company issued to HCFP/Capital Partners 18-B-2 LLC (“CP18B2”) 3,000,000 W Warrants in consideration of a $1.5 million contingent promissory note (“Note Receivable”). The Note Receivable accrues interest at a rate of 1% per annum. Payment of this Note Receivable is contingent on exercise or sale of the W Warrants prior to their expiration. If the W Warrants have not been sold or exercised prior to their expiration by CP18B2, no payment of principal and interest of the Note Receivable is required. As of June 30, 2021, the remaining contractual term of the outstanding warrants was 5.20 years.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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9.      Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)

Common Stock Warrant Liability

At June 30, 2021, the Company had outstanding 18,094,264 shares of common stock, 8,434,438 W Warrants and 1,722,500 other warrants and stock options. The Company also had $3,190,341 of initial principal and accrued and unpaid interest under its Convertible Notes, which were convertible on or prior to the Maturity Date into W Warrants. The W Warrant are not exercisable until October 1, 2021. Each W Warrant will be exercisable for one B Unit, which is comprised of one share of common stock and one Z Warrant. Such units will not be separable into their component parts until April 1, 2022 and the Z Warrants will not be exercisable until July 1, 2022. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2021, the W Warrants were not exercisable, none of the Convertible Notes had been converted and no other warrants or stock options had been exercised. Notwithstanding the foregoing, pursuant to ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), the sum of (i) the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 25, 2021, (ii) the total number of shares of common stock not yet issued or issuable pursuant to derivative securities and (iii) the number of shares of Contingent Common Stock, which sum is not a determination of shares actually issued and outstanding under applicable law, exceeds the number of authorized shares. Pursuant to ASC 815, the number of shares of common stock calculated as being in excess of the number of authorized shares should be classified as a liability and revalued at the end of each reporting period, as applicable. In accordance with ASC 815, as of June 25, 2021, the Company reclassified from additional paid-in capital to common stock warrant liability a total of 356,836 W Warrants at a fair value of $3,400,643. As of June 30, 2021, the fair value relating to these W Warrants was $3,414,917. The change in fair value of the common stock warrant liability of $14,274 is reflected in “Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. On the Maturity Date of the Convertible Notes, initial principal and accrued and unpaid interest of $3,084,875 and $129,548 was converted into 6,169,771 W Warrants and repaid in cash, respectively. None of the W Warrants issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes were exercisable. As of July 31, 2021, after giving effect to the conversion of the Convertible Notes on the Maturity Date and giving pro forma effect to the exercise of all derivative securities, including W Warrants (which had not yet become exercisable), Z Warrants (which had not yet become issuable) and all other warrants and stock options (including stock options which had not yet vested), net of forfeiture of 300,000 stock options, the aggregate number of fully-diluted shares of common stock would have been fewer than the number of authorized shares.

The fair value of the common stock warrant liability at reclassification and as of June 30, 2021 was estimated using a Monte Carlo daily price simulation based on the market value of the underlying common stock at the measurement date. Inputs to the model at each date included:

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Contingent Common Stock

As a result of the Company’s acquisition of Bioscience Oncology, the previous shareholders of Bioscience Oncology are eligible to receive remaining contingent consideration of up to approximately 1.3 million shares of common stock upon the achievement of a specified milestone, which will be recorded when it is determined the corresponding milestone is probable to be achieved (see Notes 4 and 7).

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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10.    Stock Options

Effective September 24, 2018, the Company approved the Scopus BioPharma Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), and reserved 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, such amount subsequently being increased to 2,400,000 shares, for issuance under the Plan. The stock options shall be granted at an exercise price per share equal to at least the fair market value of the shares of common stock on the date of grant and generally vest over a three-year period.

In addition, in connection with the Company’s follow-on offering (see Note 3), the Company granted options to purchase 115,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to the underwriter.

There were no stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. The assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are as follows:

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Stock option activity is summarized as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2021:

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Stock-based compensation associated with vesting options was $187,568 and $370,902 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, and $60,255 and $120,510 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. This cost is included in “General and administrative” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2021 total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense was $1,481,267 and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average contractual vesting term of 1.71 years.

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11.    Related Party Transactions

The Company has a management services agreement, as amended, with Portfolio Services, an affiliated entity, to provide management services to the Company including, without limitation, financial and accounting resources, general business development, corporate development, corporate governance, marketing strategy, strategic development and planning, coordination with service providers and other services as agreed upon between the parties. The Company pays Portfolio Services a monthly management services fee plus related expense reimbursement and provision of office space and facilities. The monthly management services fee is $50,000 effective July 1, 2020. The monthly facilities fee is $3,000 effective May 1, 2019.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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11.    Related Party Transactions (Continued)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company incurred expenses of $159,000 and $318,000, respectively, related to this management services agreement. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred expenses of $129,000 and $258,000, respectively. The costs are included in “General and administrative” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Amounts payable to Portfolio Services as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $9,850 and $109,640, respectively, and are included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Pursuant to a management services agreement with Clil Medical Ltd. (“Clil”), an affiliate of a co-founder and former director of the company, such individual was obligated to provide executive and other management services to the Company. This management services agreement was terminated in June 2020 and, concurrently, such individual resigned as a director of the Company, but continued to serve in various other capacities for the Company and its subsidiaries. Subsequently, such individual submitted resignations to the Company and its subsidiaries. The Company and such individual do not agree on various matters, including obligations under the applicable management services agreement, both prior and subsequent to its termination. The Company did not incur expenses related to this management services agreement during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred expenses of $53,333 and $128,333, respectively, related to this management services agreement. These costs are included in “General and administrative” expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. As of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total amount due to Clil was $198,530, and is included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In January and February of 2020, HCFP/Direct Investments LLC (“Direct Investments”) advanced a total of $47,430 to the Company, and the Company incurred interest expense of $268 and $398 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. Amounts owed to Direct Investments were repaid in July 2020.

In April  2020, one of the Company’s directors invested $7,500 in the Convertible Notes issued as part of the Company Direct Offering. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, Portfolio Services agreed to defer some of the Company’s payment obligations pursuant to the Portfolio Services management services agreement in the aggregate amount of $200,000. In June 2020, Portfolio Services agreed to exchange the deferred payments under the Portfolio Services management services agreement, into an equal $200,000 principal amount of the Company’s Convertible Notes on the same terms of unaffiliated investors. In June 2020, the Company issued to CP18B2, an affiliated entity, 3,000,000 W Warrants in consideration of a Note Receivable (see Note 9).

Related party amounts included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows:

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12.    Income Taxes

The Company did not provide for any income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The Company has evaluated the positive and negative evidence bearing upon its ability to realize the deferred tax assets. Management has considered the Company’s history of cumulative net losses incurred since inception and its lack of commercialization of any products or generation of any revenue from product sales since inception and has concluded that it is not more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of the deferred tax assets. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been established against the deferred tax assets as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Management reevaluates the positive and negative evidence at each reporting period.

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SCOPUS BIOPHARMA INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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13.    Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. Except as set forth below, any material subsequent events that occurred during this time have been properly recognized or disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

On July 2, 2021, the Company terminated the employment of its former President, in accordance with the terms of his employment agreement, pursuant to which the Company has no further financial obligations. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company has conducted an internal review and, as a result of that review, the Audit and Executive Committees of the Board requested the resignations of such former President and another director from the Board.

In July 2021, the holders of the Convertible Notes converted an aggregate of $3,084,875 of initial principal and accrued and unpaid interest at a rate of $0.50 per W Warrant, rounded up to the nearest whole warrant, resulting in the issuance of 6,169,771 W Warrants. The remaining outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest through July 31, 2021 of $129,548 was repaid in cash. Accordingly, the Company has no further obligations under the Convertible Notes.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 29, 2021, as amended on April 29, 2021 (collectively, the “Form 10-K”), and certain other reports filed with the SEC as may be set forth below.

Forward Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and other reports filed by Scopus BioPharma Inc. (the “Company”) from time to time with the SEC (collectively, the “Filings”) contain or may contain forward-looking statements and information that are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, the Company’s management, as well as estimates and assumptions made by Company’s management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used in the Filings, the words “may”, “will”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “future”, “intend”, “plan”, or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or the Company’s management are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current view of the Company with respect to future events and we caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and are subject to risks, assumptions, and other factors. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned. Unless otherwise stated in this Quarterly Report, “we”, “us”, “our”, “Company”, “Scopus” and “Scopus BioPharma” refer to Scopus BioPharma Inc.

Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing transformational therapeutics for serious diseases with significant unmet medical needs. Our mission is to improve patient outcomes and save lives. To achieve our mission, we are capitalizing on groundbreaking scientific and medical discoveries at some of the world’s foremost research and academic institutions.

Our lead development program is a novel, targeted immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple cancers. We have partnered with City of Hope (“COH”) for CpG-STAT3siRNA, or CO-sTiRNA^TM, which is a TRL9 agonist and STAT3 inhibitor. Pre-clinical testing at COH was designed to determine whether CO-sTiRNA would reduce growth and metastasis of various pre-clinical tumor models, including melanoma, and colon and bladder cancers, as well as leukemia and lymphoma. Based upon such testing, an IND for CO-sTiRNA for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (“B-cell lymphoma) was filed with and subsequently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in April 2021 and May 2021, respectively. We currently anticipate that a first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial for B-cell lymphoma will commence in 2021.

In conjunction with COH, Phase 1 clinical trials for additional cancer indications are being considered for CO-sTiRNA in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (“CAR-Ts”).

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On June 25, 2021, we acquired Olimmune Inc., a developer of groundbreaking oligonucleotide immunotherapies for the treatment of multiple cancers (“Olimmune”). Olimmune owns exclusive, worldwide licenses to certain patents from COH (the “Olimmune Licenses”) to develop and commercialize CpG-STAT3ASO and CpG-STAT3decoy. Like CO-sTiRNA (CpG-STAT3siRNA), such oligonucleotide immunotherapies combine both TRL9 immunostimulation and STAT3 inhibition. As a result, our pipeline now consists of several immuno-oncology lead development programs. We anticipate that INDs for CpG-STAT3ASO for genitourinary and head and neck cancers will be submitted in Q4 2022.

Our pipeline of drug candidates also includes MRI-1867, a peripherally-restricted, dual-action cannabinoid-1 (“CB1”) receptor inverse agonist and inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (“iNOS”). We have partnered with the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”) for MRI-1867 and are initially targeting systemic sclerosis (“SSc”). Over-activation of CB1 and iNOS has been implicated in the pathophysiology of SSc, which includes fibrosis of the skin, lung, kidney, heart, and the gastrointestinal tract. We are also partnered with The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (“Hebrew University”) on several additional research and development programs. These programs relate to a proprietary opioid-sparing anesthetic and synthesis of novel compounds and new chemical entities (“NCEs”). We are continually monitoring the impact of the on-going global pandemic on us. Until we are able to gain greater visibility as to the impact of the evolving pandemic, including emerging variants and responses thereto, we intend to commit greater resources to our existing and future programs in the United States and may reduce resources for development programs outside the United States.

We have devoted substantially all of our resources to our development efforts relating to our drug candidates, including sponsoring research with world-renowned academic and medical research institutions, preparing to implement a Phase 1 clinical trial for B-cell lymphoma at COH, pursuing additional pre-clinical studies, securing and protecting our licensed intellectual property, and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales. From inception (April 18, 2017) until June 30, 2021, we have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of equity and debt securities.

We have incurred net losses in each year since our inception. As of June 30, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $33,535,946. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with our research and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations.

We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for at least the next several years. We anticipate that all our expenses will increase substantially as we:

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We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales unless and until we successfully complete development and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our drug candidates, which we expect will take a number of years and is subject to significant uncertainty. Accordingly, we will need to raise additional capital prior to the commercialization of any of our current or future drug candidates. Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, we expect to finance our operating activities through equity and debt offerings. We may also raise capital through government or other third-party funding and grants, collaborations and development agreements, strategic alliances, and licensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such other arrangements as and when needed would have a negative impact on our financial condition and our ability to develop our drug candidates.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements appearing in our Form 10-K. We believe that the accounting policies are critical for fully understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share attributable to common shareholders is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Since the company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as dilutive net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential dilutive common shares which consist of stock options and warrants, would be anti-dilutive.

JOBS Act

On April 5, 2012, the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, was enacted. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued after the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and, therefore, will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as public companies that are not emerging growth companies. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We are in the process of evaluating the benefits of relying on other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, as an “emerging growth company,” we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions, including without limitation, (i) providing an auditor’s attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and (ii) complying with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, known as the auditor discussion and analysis. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the completion of our initial public offering; (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the previous three years; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 Versus Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

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Our net losses were $15,628,900 and $8,038,651 for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of $7,603,639 or 95%. We anticipate our net losses will continue as we advance our research and drug development activities and incur additional general and administrative expenses to meet the needs of our business.

Revenue

We did not have any revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2021 or 2020. Our ability to generate product revenues in the future will depend almost entirely on our ability to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, and then successfully commercialize a drug candidate.

Operating Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits to our personnel, including the costs related to our management services agreements, directors and scientific and senior advisors; professional fees and services, including accounting and legal services; and expenses related to obtaining and protecting our intellectual property. We incurred general and administrative expenses in the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 of $1,726,988 and $710,729, respectively, an increase of $1,016,259 or 143%. This increase in our general and administrative expenses is primarily attributable to increases in fees and stock compensation expenses associated with our directors and scientific and senior advisors, most of whom joined the company during the second half of 2020 and did not have an impact on our financial results during the three months ended June 30, 2020; and professional fees and services related to operating as a public company (including increased costs for investor relations, directors and officers insurance and to comply with corporate governance, internal controls and similar requirements applicable to public companies), all of which have increased in 2021 following the completion of our IPO in December 2020. In the three months ended June 30, 2021 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2020, the increase of $1,016,259 is comprised principally of an additional $212,312, $674,701 and $99,959 of costs for compensation to our directors and scientific and senior advisors, professional fees and certain public company costs, respectively. Included in professional fees and services are legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with legal services provided to the board of directors and certain committees thereof, including relating to former officers and directors. See Part II-Other Information, Item 1. Legal Proceedings, the Form 10-K, the Schedule 13D filed with the SEC by a former director on April 7, 2021 and the Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 9, 2021 for additional information concerning such matters.

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