SCYNEXIS INC - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

OR

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                  TO                 

Commission File Number 001-36365

SCYNEXIS, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(201)-884-5485

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Former Address:  101 Hudson Street, Suite 3610, Jersey City, New Jersey 07302-6548

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒  No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of November 1, 2018, there were 47,971,673 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

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SCYNEXIS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

SCYNEXIS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

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SCYNEXIS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

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SCYNEXIS, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.

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SCYNEXIS, INC.

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Organization

SCYNEXIS, Inc. (“SCYNEXIS” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation formed on November 4, 1999. SCYNEXIS is a biotechnology company, headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey, committed to positively impacting the lives of patients suffering from difficult-to-treat and often life-threatening infections by delivering innovative therapies. The Company is developing its lead product candidate, ibrexafungerp, as the first representative of a novel oral and intravenous triterpenoid antifungal family for the treatment of several fungal infections, including serious and life-threatening invasive fungal infections.  

The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations since its initial public offering ("IPO") in May 2014 and expects to continue to incur losses.  The Company's liquidity over the next 12 months could be materially affected by, among other things: its ability to raise capital through equity offerings, debt financings, other non-dilutive third-party funding (e.g., grants), strategic alliances and licensing or collaboration arrangements; key ibrexafungerp development and regulatory events; costs related to its development of ibrexafungerp; and other factors.

Shelf Registration Filing

On August 31, 2018, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-227167) with the SEC, which was declared effective on September 14, 2018 (the “Shelf Registration”). The Shelf Registration contained three prospectuses:

The common stock that may be offered, issued and sold by the Company under the Sales Agreement is included in the $175.0 million of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by the Company under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the Sales Agreement with Cantor, any portion of the $25.0 million included in the Sales Agreement that is not sold pursuant to the Sales Agreement will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and a corresponding prospectus supplement.  

March 2018 Public Offering

On March 8, 2018, the Company completed a public offering (the "March 2018 Public Offering") of its common stock and warrants pursuant to the Company's previously effective shelf registration.  The Company sold an aggregate of 17,751,500 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase up to 21,301,800 shares of the Company’s common stock at a

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public offering price of $1.69 per share.  Net proceeds from the March 2018 Public Offering were approximately $27.9 million, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses.  See Note 8 for further details.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited financial statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or US GAAP, as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification” or “ASC”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.  The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or the results for any future periods. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC") on March 13, 2018.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include: determination of the fair value of stock-based compensation grants; the estimate of services and effort expended by third-party research and development service providers used to recognize research and development expense; and the estimates and assumptions utilized in measuring the warrant liability fair value each reporting period.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash on deposit and cash equivalents held with one bank which exceed FDIC insured limits and certain short-term investments. Ongoing credit evaluations of the customer’s financial condition are performed and independent credit ratings for the associated counterparties are reviewed by the Company and collateral is not required. The Company's money market fund investment (recognized as cash and cash equivalents) is with what the Company believes to be a high quality issuer. The Company has not experienced any losses in such account.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers any highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents.  The Company's cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit and a money market fund.  The Company reported cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of $16.4 million as of September 30, 2018.  See Note 7 for further details on the nature of the restricted cash.

Short-Term Investments

The Company's held-to-maturity investments in U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and its overnight repurchase agreement are carried at amortized cost and any premiums or discounts are amortized or accreted through the maturity date of the investment.  Any impairment that is not deemed to be temporary is recognized in the period identified.

Deferred Offering Costs

Deferred offering costs are expenses directly related to the Form S-3 filed with the SEC on August 31, 2018 and declared effective on September 14, 2018. These costs consist of legal, accounting, printing, and filing fees that the Company has capitalized, including fees incurred by the independent registered public accounting firm directly related to the Shelf Registration. Deferred costs associated with the Shelf Registration are reclassified to additional paid in capital on a pro-rata basis when the Company completes offerings under the Shelf Registration, with any remaining deferred offering costs to be charged to the results of operations at the end of the three-year life of the Shelf Registration.  During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company charged $0.2 million to the results of operations for deferred offering costs associated with the Company’s previously effective shelf registration which expired during the period.   

Warrant Liabilities

The Company accounts for the outstanding warrants associated with the June 2016 Public Offering and the March 2018 Public Offering as liabilities measured at fair value. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model ("Black-Scholes"). The warrants are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date, using Black-

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Scholes, with any changes in the fair value of the outstanding warrants recognized in the accompanying statements of operation. See Note 8 for further details.

Comprehensive Loss

The Company has no items of comprehensive income or loss other than net loss.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

The Company has entered into arrangements involving the sale or license of intellectual property and the provision of other services.  When entering into any arrangement involving the sale or license of intellectual property rights and other services, the Company determines whether the arrangement is subject to accounting guidance in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”), which became effective in the current period (the Company has elected to use the modified retrospective approach for contracts that are not completed contracts and there was no cumulative adjustment recognized in the current period) as well as ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements ("Topic 808"). If the Company determines that an arrangement includes goods or services that are central to the Company’s business operations for consideration, the Company will then identify the performance obligations in the contract using the unit-of-account guidance in Topic 606.  For a distinct unit-of-account that is within the scope of Topic 606, the Company applies all of the accounting requirements in Topic 606 to that unit-of-account, including the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements.  For a distinct unit-of-account that is not within the scope of Topic 606, the Company will recognize and measure the distinct unit-of-account based on other authoritative ASC Topics or on a reasonable, rational, and consistently applied policy election.

Analyzing the arrangement to identify performance obligations requires the use of judgment. In arrangements that include the sale or license of intellectual property and other promised services, the Company first identifies if the licenses are distinct from the other promises in the arrangement.  If the license is not distinct, the license is combined with other services into a single performance obligation. Factors that are considered in evaluating whether a license is distinct from other promised services include, for example, whether the counterparty can benefit from the license without the promised service on its own or with other readily available resources and whether the promised service is expected to significantly modify or customize the intellectual property.

The Company classifies non-refundable upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties received for the sale or license of intellectual property as revenues within its statements of operations because the Company views such activities as being central to its business operations. For the sale of intellectual property that is distinct, fixed consideration and variable consideration are included in the transaction price and recognized in revenue immediately to the extent that it is probable that there would not be a significant reversal of cumulative revenue in the future.  For the license of intellectual property that is distinct, fixed and variable consideration (to the extent there will not be a significant reversal in the future) are also recognized immediately in income, except for consideration received in the form of royalty or sales-based milestones, which is recorded when the customer’s subsequent sales or usages occur.  If the sale or license of intellectual property is not distinct, revenue is deferred and recognized over the estimated period of the Company’s combined performance obligation.  For contractual arrangements that meet the definition of a collaborative arrangement under Topic 808, consideration received for any units-of-account that are outside the scope of Topic 606 are recognized in the statements of operations by considering (i) the nature of the arrangement, (ii) the nature of the Company’s business operations, and (iii) the contractual terms of the arrangement.  

The Company's August 2013 development, license, and supply agreement with R-Pharm, CJSC (“R-Pharm”), combined with the supplemental arrangement in November 2014 (the “R-Pharm Agreement”), is a collaborative arrangement pursuant to Topic 808.  The Company received a non-refundable upfront payment of $1.5 million from R-Pharm in August 2013 which is being recognized over the estimated relationship period of 70 months for the combined performance obligation that includes the license of intellectual property and the participation on a joint steering committee.  The Company recognized revenue from this upfront payment of $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.  The Company is entitled to receive other payments under the R-Pharm Agreement including development and sales-based milestones and royalties; however, the variable consideration was fully constrained as of September 30, 2018.  The reimbursements due from R-Pharm for specified research and development costs incurred by the Company are classified as a reduction to research and development expense in the accompanying statements of operations. The reimbursements due to the Company are recorded as a reduction of expense when (i) the reimbursable expenses have been incurred by the Company, (ii) persuasive evidence of a cost reimbursement arrangement exists, (iii) reimbursable costs are fixed or determinable, and (iv) the collection of the reimbursement payment is reasonably assured. The Company has receivables for unpaid reimbursement amounts due from R-Pharm of $0.2 million and $0.3 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, which are presented in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying balance sheets.

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Research and Development

Major components of research and development costs include clinical trial activities and services, including related drug formulation, manufacturing, and other development, preclinical studies, cash compensation, stock-based compensation, fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf, materials and supplies, legal services, and regulatory compliance.

The Company is required to estimate its expenses resulting from its obligations under contracts with clinical research organizations, clinical site agreements, vendors, and consultants in connection with conducting ibrexafungerp clinical trials and preclinical development. The financial terms of these contracts are subject to negotiations which vary from contract to contract, and may result in payment flows that do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided to the Company under such contracts. The Company’s objective is to reflect the appropriate development and trial expenses in its financial statements by matching those expenses with the period in which the services and efforts are expended. For clinical trials, the Company accounts for these expenses according to the progress of the trial as measured by actual hours expended by CRO personnel, investigator performance or completion of specific tasks, patient progression, or timing of various aspects of the trial. For preclinical development services performed by outside service providers, the Company determines accrual estimates through financial models, taking into account development progress data received from outside service providers and discussions with applicable Company and service provider personnel.

Patent Expenses

Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications, as well as costs related to maintaining the Company's existing patent portfolio, are recorded as expense as incurred since recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, based on the Company’s principal or, in absence of a principal, most advantageous market for the specific asset or liability.  The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

Amortization of Debt Discount

The Company's term loan in the amount of $15.0 million (the “Term Loan”) with Solar Capital Ltd. (“Solar”) is recorded net of debt discount which comprised issuance costs, customary closing and final fees, and the fair value of the warrants issued in conjunction with the Term Loan (Note 8). The resulting debt discount is being amortized over the term of the Term Loan using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, and the amortization of debt discount is included in the accompanying statements of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company provides for deferred income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions when the positions will be more likely than not sustained based solely upon the technical merits of the positions.

Certain modifications made to an outstanding incentive stock option award at any time after the initial grant dates which are considered to be “material modifications”, as defined within the Internal Revenue Code, may result in the affected award

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being recharacterized as a non-statutory stock option. The effects of any recharacterization modification for purposes of income tax accounting are recognized on a prospective basis.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees, officers, and directors based on the estimated fair values of the awards as of grant date. The Company values equity instruments and stock options granted to employees and non-employee directors using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The value of the award is recorded as expense over the requisite service periods and the Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur in the period.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share of Common Stock

The Company calculates net income (loss) per common share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share ("Topic 260”). Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share was determined by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

The following potentially dilutive shares of common stock have not been included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share for all periods as the result would be anti-dilutive.

Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases, or ASU 2016-02. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet. For public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the implementation of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s financial statements (see Note 7).

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The following table summarizes the held-to-maturity securities held at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

All held-to-maturity short-term investments at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 will mature in less than one year.  The gross unrealized gains and losses for the Company's commercial paper and overnight repurchase agreement are not significant.  The Company carries short-term investments at amortized cost. The fair value of the short-term investments is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

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On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Solar, in its capacity as administrative and collateral agent and as lender. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, Solar is providing the Company with a 48-month secured Term Loan in the amount of $15.0 million.  The Term Loan bears interest at a floating rate equal to the LIBOR rate in effect plus 8.49% and the Company was required to make interest-only payments on the Term Loan beginning November 1, 2016 through March 1, 2018.  Beginning April 1, 2018, the Company was required to make monthly payments of interest plus equal monthly principal payments from April 1, 2018 through September 30, 2020 (the “Maturity Date”).  In March 2018, the Loan Agreement was amended and the Company was required to make monthly payments of interest plus equal monthly principal payments from October 1, 2018 through the Maturity Date of the Term Loan.  On October 1, 2018, the Company entered into a second amendment to the Loan Agreement and the Company is required to make interest plus equal monthly principal payments from April 1, 2019 through the Maturity Date of the Term Loan.  The final fee payable at the Maturity Date was increased by $0.1 million and if the Company obtains certain cash proceeds, the Maturity Date of the Loan Agreement may be extended to March 30, 2021.  Except as described above, all other terms and provisions of the Loan Agreement remain materially in full force and effect.  The obligations under the Loan Agreement are secured by a lien on substantially all assets of the Company other than its intellectual property, which is subject to a negative pledge.  

The Loan Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants, including covenants regarding the payment of taxes and other obligations, maintenance of insurance, reporting requirements and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Further, the Loan Agreement contains customary negative covenants limiting the ability of the Company, among other things, to incur debt, grant liens, make investments, make acquisitions, make certain restricted payments and sell assets, subject to certain exceptions, and maintain certain minimum liquidity requirements. Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an event of default, the lenders may declare all outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest under the Loan Agreement immediately due and payable and may exercise the other rights and remedies provided for under the Loan Agreement and related loan documents. The events of default under the Loan Agreement include payment defaults, cross defaults with certain other agreements, breaches of covenants or representations and warranties, the occurrence of a material adverse effect and certain bankruptcy events. The Company has the right to prepay the Term Loan in whole at any time and the Loan Agreement contains customary prepayment and closing fees.

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, on September 30, 2016 (the "Closing Date"), the Company issued to Solar a warrant (the “Solar Warrant”) to purchase an aggregate of up to 122,435 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.6754 per share. The Solar Warrant will expire five years from the date of the grant.  The Solar Warrant is classified as equity and was recorded at its relative fair value at issuance in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet (See Note 8).

Future principal debt payments on the currently outstanding Term Loan payable as of September 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

Leases

On March 1, 2018, the Company entered into a long-term lease agreement for approximately 19,275 square feet of office space in Jersey City, New Jersey. The lease term is eleven years from the commencement date which is the later of July 1, 2018 or the substantial completion of certain improvements to the leased space, with total lease payments of $7.3 million over the lease term. The Company has the option to renew for two consecutive five-year periods from the end of the first term. Under the lease, the Company must furnish a security deposit in the form of a standby letter of credit in the amount of $0.3 million,

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which will be reduced by fifty-five thousand dollars every two years for ten years after the commencement of the lease.  The security deposit is classified as restricted cash in the accompanying balance sheets.  

Rent expense was approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.  Future minimum lease payments for all operating leases as of September 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

License Arrangement with Potential Future Expenditures

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had a license arrangement with Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., or Merck, that involves potential future expenditures. Under the license arrangement, the Company exclusively licensed from Merck its rights to ibrexafungerp in the field of human health. Ibrexafungerp is the Company's lead product candidate. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, Merck is eligible to receive milestone payments from the Company that could total $19.0 million upon occurrence of specific events, including initiation of a Phase 3 clinical study, new drug application, and marketing approvals in each of the U.S., major European markets and Japan. In addition, Merck is eligible to receive tiered royalties from the Company based on a percentage of worldwide net sales of ibrexafungerp. The aggregate royalty percentages are mid- to high-single digits.

In December 2014, the Company and Merck entered into an amendment to the license agreement that deferred the remittance of a milestone payment due to Merck, such that no amount would be due upon initiation of the first Phase 2 clinical trial of a product containing the ibrexafungerp compound (the "Deferred Milestone"). The amendment also increased, in an amount equal to the Deferred Milestone, the milestone payment that would be due upon initiation of the first Phase 3 clinical trial of a product containing the ibrexafungerp compound.  In December 2016 and January 2018, the Company entered into second and third amendments, respectively, to the license agreement with Merck which clarified what would constitute the initiation of a Phase 3 clinical trial for the purpose of milestone payment. Except as described above, all other terms and provisions of the license agreement remain in full force and effect.

The Company has two additional licensing agreements for other compounds that could require it to make payments of up to $2.3 million upon achievement of certain milestones by the Company.

Clinical Development Arrangements

The Company has entered into, and expects to continue to enter into, contracts in the normal course of business with various third parties who support its clinical trials, preclinical research studies, and other services related to its development activities. The scope of the services under these agreements can generally be modified at any time, and the agreement can be terminated by either party after a period of notice and receipt of written notice.

Legal Proceeding

On March 8, 2017, a purported stockholder class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company and certain of its current and former officers, captioned Gibson v. Scynexis, Inc., et al.  On October 26, 2018, the class action lawsuit was dismissed.

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Authorized, Issued, and Outstanding Common Stock

The Company’s common stock has a par value of $0.001 per share and consists of 125,000,000 authorized shares as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017; 47,193,062 and 28,971,651 shares were issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively. The following table summarizes common stock share activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands): 

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Shares Reserved for Future Issuance

The Company had reserved shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

Warrants Associated with June 2016 and March 2018 Public Offerings

On June 21, 2016, the Company completed the June 2016 public offering of its common stock and warrants pursuant to the Company's previously effective shelf registration (the “June 2016 Public Offering”).  Each purchaser received a warrant to purchase 0.45 of a share for each share purchased in the June 2016 Public Offering. There is not expected to be any trading market for the warrants. Each warrant was exercisable immediately upon issuance, will expire five years from the date of issuance, and has an exercise price of $3.00 per share.

On March 8, 2018, the Company completed the March 2018 Public Offering and sold 17,751,500 shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase up to 21,301,800 shares of the Company’s common stock.  Each purchaser received a warrant to purchase 0.75 of a share of common stock (the “Series 1 warrants”) and 0.45 of a share of common stock (the “Series 2 warrants”) for each share purchased in the March 2018 Public Offering.  The Series 1 warrants to purchase in the aggregate up to 13,313,625 shares of common stock have a 53-week term and an exercise price of $1.85 per share, and the Series 2 warrants to purchase in the aggregate up to 7,988,175 shares of common stock have a five-year term and an exercise price of $2.00 per share.  There is not expected to be any market for the warrants and each warrant is exercisable immediately upon issuance, subject to certain limitations on beneficial ownership.  During the three months ended September 30, 2018, there were 115,550 of the Series 1 warrants exercised for total proceeds of $0.2 million.

The warrants contain a provision where the warrant holder has the option to receive cash, equal to the Black-Scholes fair value of the remaining unexercised portion of the warrant, as cash settlement in the event that there is a fundamental transaction (contractually defined to include various merger, acquisition or stock transfer activities). Due to this provision, ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, requires that these warrants be classified as liabilities. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model, and the changes in the fair value are recorded in the accompanying statements of operations.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a

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gain of $6.9 million and a gain of $7.6 million, respectively, due to the change in fair value of the warrant liabilities.  As of September 30, 2018, the fair value of the warrant liabilities was $5.2 million.

Warrant Associated with Loan Agreement

Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, on the Closing Date the Company issued to Solar the Solar Warrant to purchase an aggregate of up to 122,435 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.6754 per share. The Solar Warrant will expire five years from the date of the grant. The Solar Warrant was classified as equity and recorded at its relative fair value at issuance in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet. 

2009 Stock Option Plan

The Company had a share-based compensation plan (the “2009 Stock Option Plan”) under which the Company granted options to purchase shares of common stock to employees, directors, and consultants as either incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Incentive stock options could be granted with exercise prices not less than 100% to 110% of the fair market value of the common stock. Options granted under the plan generally vest over three to four years and expire 10 years from the date of grant.

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

In February 2014, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2014 Plan, which was subsequently ratified by its stockholders and became effective on May 2, 2014 (the “Effective Date”). The 2014 Plan, as amended on June 18, 2014 and February 25, 2015, is the successor to and continuation of the 2009 Stock Option Plan. As of the Effective Date, no additional awards will be granted under the 2009 Stock Option Plan, but all stock awards granted under the 2009 Stock Option Plan prior to the Effective Date will remain subject to the terms of the 2009 Stock Option Plan. All awards granted on and after the Effective Date will be subject to the terms of the 2014 Plan. The 2014 Plan provides for the grant of the following awards: (i) incentive stock options, (ii) nonstatutory stock options, (iii) stock appreciation rights, (iv) restricted stock awards, (v) restricted stock unit awards, and (vi) other stock awards. Employees, directors, and consultants are eligible to receive awards.  Options granted under the plan generally vest over three to four years and expire in 10 years from the date of grant.

Under the 2014 Plan, after giving effect to the increases to the share reserve approved by the Company’s stockholders in September 2014, and June 2015, but excluding the automatic increases discussed below, the aggregate number of shares of common stock that could be issued from and after the Effective Date (the “share reserve”) could not exceed the sum of (i) 1,122,731 new shares, (ii) the shares that represented the 2009 Stock Option Plan’s available reserve on the Effective Date, and (iii) any returning shares from the 2009 Stock Option Plan. Under the 2014 Plan, the share reserve will automatically increase on January 1st of each year, for a period of not more than 10 years, commencing on January 1, 2015, and ending on January 1, 2024, in an amount equal to 4.0% of the total number of shares of capital stock outstanding on December 31st of the preceding calendar year. The board of directors may act prior to January 1st of a given year to provide that there will be no increase in the share reserve or that the increase will be a lesser number of shares than would otherwise occur.

Pursuant to the terms of the 2014 Plan, on January 1, 2018 and 2017, the Company automatically added 1,158,866 and 984,376 shares to the total number shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2014 Plan, respectively. As of September 30, 2018, there were 559,373 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2014 Plan.

2015 Inducement Plan

On March 26, 2015, the Company's board of directors adopted the 2015 Inducement Plan, or the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan has a share reserve covering 450,000 shares of common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, there were no grants of the Company's common stock under the 2015 Inducement Plan.  As of September 30, 2018, there were 5,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2015 Plan.

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The activity for the 2009 Stock Option Plan, 2014 Plan and 2015 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, is summarized as follows:

Restricted stock unit ("RSU") activity under the 2014 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, is summarized as follows:

The fair value of RSUs is based on the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant.  RSUs are only issued to non-executive employees and vest 25% annually over a four-year period from the date of grant. Upon vesting, the RSUs are net share settled to cover the required withholding tax with the remaining shares issued to the holder.  The Company recognizes compensation expense for such awards ratably over the corresponding vesting period.

2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In February 2014, the Company’s board of directors adopted the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which was subsequently ratified by the Company’s stockholders and became effective on May 2, 2014. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide means by which eligible employees of the Company and of certain designated related corporations may be given an opportunity to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, and to seek and retain services of new and existing employees and to provide incentives for such persons to exert maximum efforts for the success of the Company. Common stock that may be issued under the ESPP will not exceed 47,794 shares, plus the number of shares of common stock that are automatically added on January 1st of each year for a period of ten years, commencing on January 1, 2015 and ending on January 1, 2024, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 0.8% of the total number of shares of outstanding common stock on December 31 of the preceding calendar year, and (ii) 29,411 shares of common stock. Similar to the 2014 Plan, the board of directors may act prior to January 1st of a given year to provide that there will be no increase in the share reserve or that the increase will be a lesser number of shares than would otherwise occur. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was automatically increased by 29,411 shares pursuant to the terms of the ESPP and the Company issued 31,361 shares of common stock under the ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP was automatically increased by 29,411 shares pursuant to the terms of the ESPP and the Company issued 18,132 shares of common stock under the ESPP.  As of September 30, 2018, there were 81,667 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the ESPP.

Compensation Cost

The compensation cost that has been charged against income for stock awards under the 2009 Stock Option Plan, the 2014 Plan, the 2015 Plan, and the ESPP was $0.5 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and $0.4 million and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.  

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The total income tax benefit recognized in the statements of operations for share-based compensation arrangements was zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Cash received from options exercised was zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017.

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options is included in the following line items in the accompanying statements of operations (in thousands):

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature of such instruments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level in which to classify them for each reporting period, pursuant to the policy described in Note 2. This determination requires significant judgments to be made. The following table summarizes the conclusions reached as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

The Company measures cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of cash equivalents is determined based on “Level 1” inputs, which consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Level 3 financial liabilities consist of the warrant liability for which there is no current market such that the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. Changes in fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are analyzed each period based on changes in estimates or assumptions and recorded as appropriate. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to value the Level 3 warrant liability at inception and on subsequent

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valuation dates. This model incorporates transaction details such as the Company’s stock price, contractual terms, maturity, risk free rates, as well as volatility.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows (in thousands):

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Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of results that may occur in future interim periods or future fiscal years. Some of the statements in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management and involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis. Words such as “expects,” “will,” “anticipate,” “target,” “goal,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “potential,” “should,” “could,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2018. These and many other factors could affect our future financial and operating results. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

SCYNEXIS, Inc. is a biotechnology company committed to positively impacting the lives of patients suffering from difficult-to-treat and often life-threatening infections by delivering innovative therapies. We are developing our lead product candidate, ibrexafungerp as the first representative of a novel oral and intravenous (IV) triterpenoid antifungal family in clinical development for the treatment of several serious fungal infections, including vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), invasive candidiasis (IC), invasive aspergillosis (IA), and refractory invasive fungal infections (rIFI).  In July 2018, we announced that ibrexafungerp was the non-proprietary name for SCY-078 approved by the World Health Organization’s International Non-proprietary Name group.  Ibrexafungerp is a structurally distinct glucan synthase inhibitor that has been shown to be effective in vitro and in vivo against a broad range of human fungi pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus species, including multidrug-resistant strains, as well as Pneumocystis species. Candida and Aspergillus species are the fungi responsible for approximately 85% of all invasive fungal infections in the United States (U.S.) and Europe. To date, we have characterized the antifungal activity, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile of oral and IV formulations of ibrexafungerp in multiple studies. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) and Fast Track designations for the formulations of ibrexafungerp for the indications of VVC, IC (including candidemia), and IA, and has granted Orphan Drug designations for the IC and IA indications.  These designations may provide us with additional market exclusivity and expedited regulatory paths.

Ibrexafungerp Development Update

In October 2018, we announced the successful completion of an End-of-Phase 2 Meeting with the FDA for our lead product candidate, ibrexafungerp, for patients with VVC. The FDA has agreed with our proposed overall design of the Phase 3 registration program to support approval of oral ibrexafungerp for the treatment of VVC and prevention of recurrent VVC.  This successful meeting follows our previously announced positive results from our Phase 2b, dose-finding study (the DOVE study), in which the lowest ibrexafungerp dose regimen of 600mg for one day (given as two doses of 300mg 12 hours apart) exhibited high clinical cure and mycological eradication rates, sustained clinical benefit compared to fluconazole and a favorable tolerability profile.  We have commenced start-up activities for the Phase 3 VVC registration program and we expect to begin enrolling patients in the acute VVC clinical trials by the end of 2018.  The Phase 3 VVC registration program for the treatment of VVC and the prevention of recurrent VVC will comprise three global, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials designed to demonstrate superiority of oral ibrexafungerp vs. placebo, as detailed below:

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Pending successful completion of these trials, we anticipate filing an initial new drug application (NDA) for oral ibrexafungerp for the treatment of VVC in 2020 and a supplemental NDA for the prevention of recurrent VVC in 2021.

In October 2018, we announced the dosing of the first patient with a Candida auris infection, an emerging life-threatening and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, in our emergency protocol Phase 3 open-label study evaluating oral ibrexafungerp in patients with candidiasis caused by C. auris (the CARES Study).  

Corporate Update

On August 31, 2018, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-227167) with the SEC, which was declared effective on September 14, 2018 (Shelf Registration). See Note 1 to our unaudited interim financial statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

On October 1, 2018, we entered into a second amendment to our Loan and Security Agreement (Loan Agreement) with Solar Capital Ltd. (Solar) to extend when we are required to start making principal payments including interest, which was previously starting October 1, 2018, and we are now required to make interest plus equal monthly principal payments from April 1, 2019 through the maturity date of the term loan.  

We have operated as a public entity since we completed our initial public offering in May 2014, which we refer to as our IPO. We also completed a follow-on public offering of our common stock in April 2015 and public offerings of our common stock and warrants in June 2016 and March 2018.  As of September 30, 2018, we had received an aggregate of $141.2 million in net proceeds from the issuance of our common stock in these four offerings. Our principal source of liquidity is cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which totaled $49.5 million as of September 30, 2018.

We have incurred net losses since our inception, including the year ended December 31, 2017, and the nine months ended September 30, 2018.  Although we generated net income of $0.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, this was as a result of the recognition of a gain of $6.9 million in adjustment of fair value of warrant liabilities for the quarter.  As of September 30, 2018, our accumulated deficit was $219.7 million. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for at least the next several years. We expect that our research and development expenses will significantly increase as we continue to execute our research and drug development strategy, specifically for our Phase 3 VVC registration program.  We also expect that we will continue to incur significant selling, general and administrative expenses to support our public reporting company operations. As a result, we will need additional capital to fund our operations, which we may obtain through one or more of equity offerings, debt financings, other non-dilutive third-party funding (e.g., grants), strategic alliances and licensing or collaboration arrangements. We may offer shares of our common stock pursuant to our Shelf Registration, including the related at-the-market facility entered into on August 31, 2018 with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (Cantor).

We are an emerging growth company.  Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time that those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to adopt this exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.”

Collaborations and Licensing Agreements

We are party to a number of licensing and collaboration agreements with partners in human health, including: (1) Merck, a pharmaceutical company, under which we exclusively licensed the rights to ibrexafungerp in the field of human health, and agreed to pay Merck milestones upon the occurrence of specified events as well as tiered royalties based on worldwide sales of ibrexafungerp when and if it is approved (in 2014, Merck assigned to us the patents related to ibrexafungerp that it had exclusively licensed to us and, as contemplated by the agreement, we will continue to pay milestones and royalties); (2) R-Pharm, CJSC, or "R-Pharm," a leading supplier of hospital drugs in Russia, granting it exclusive rights in the field of human health to develop and commercialize ibrexafungerp in Russia and several non-core markets, under which we are entitled to receive potential milestones and royalties and reimbursement for certain development costs incurred by us; (3) Waterstone, an international pharmaceutical business, granting Waterstone exclusive worldwide rights to development and commercialization of SCY-635 for the treatment of viral diseases in humans, under which we are entitled to receive potential milestones and royalties; and (4) Cypralis Limited, or "Cypralis," a life sciences company, transferring to it certain cyclophilin inhibitor assets of ours, under which we are eligible to receive milestone payments upon the successful progression of certain Cypralis clinical candidates into later stage clinical studies and royalties payable upon product commercialization.

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Components of Operating Results

Revenue

Revenue consists of the continued amortization of a non-refundable upfront payment received under our collaboration arrangement with R-Pharm.  The R-Pharm arrangement and our revenue recognition policy is described within Note 2 to our unaudited interim financial statements in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover, develop, or improve potential product candidates we seek to develop. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing and other development efforts, and activities related to regulatory filings for product candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consists of:

Our ibrexafungerp project was the only significant research and development project during the periods presented. We plan to increase our research and development expense for the foreseeable future as we continue our effort to develop ibrexafungerp, specifically for our Phase 3 VVC registration program, which will include a milestone payment to Merck upon initiation of the Phase 3 VVC registration program expected by the end of 2018, and to potentially develop our other product candidates, subject to the availability of additional funding.  

The successful development of product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and personnel-related costs, including employee benefits and any stock-based compensation. This includes personnel in executive, finance, human resources, business development, and administrative support functions. Other expenses include facility-related costs not otherwise allocated to research and development expense, professional fees for accounting, auditing, tax and legal services, consulting costs for general and administrative purposes, information systems maintenance and marketing efforts.

Other Expense (Income)

All of our other expense (income) recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, consists of interest income, amortization of debt discount, interest expense, and the warrant liability fair value adjustment.

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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, together with the changes in those items in dollars and percentage (dollars in thousands):