SECURITY FEDERAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)

OUTSTANDING SHARES AT:

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

November 14, 2018

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10 – Q

(Mark one)

(X) QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018

( ) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD:



FROM:		TO:

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-16120

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



	South Carolina		57-0858504
	(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

238 RICHLAND AVENUE NORTHWEST, AIKEN, SOUTH CAROLINA 29801

(Address of principal executive office and Zip Code)

(803) 641-3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ X ] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.) Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



	Large accelerated filed [ ]		Smaller reporting company [ X ]
	Non-accelerated filer [ ]		Emerging growth company [ ]
	Accelerated filer [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.



YES				NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell corporation (defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practical date.




PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)	PAGE NO.
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited):	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	47
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	47

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	48
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	48
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	48
Item 5.	Other Information	48
Item 6.	Exhibits	48
	Signatures	50

SCHEDULES OMITTED

All schedules other than those indicated above are omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the information is included in the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part 1. Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)			(Audited)
ASSETS:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	20,109,901		$	10,319,624
Certificates of Deposit with Other Banks	1,950,010			1,950,010
Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities:
Available For Sale ("AFS")	373,752,293			384,973,906
Held To Maturity ("HTM") (Fair Value of $21,700,031 and $27,054,934 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Respectively)	22,292,027			27,080,970
Total Investments and Mortgage-Backed Securities	396,044,320			412,054,876
Loans Receivable, Net:
Held For Sale	737,098			3,051,950
Held For Investment (Net of Allowance of $8,602,078 and $8,221,618 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, Respectively)	423,242,690			387,441,247
Total Loans Receivable, Net	423,979,788			390,493,197
Accrued Interest Receivable:
Loans	1,197,332			1,067,657
Mortgage-Backed Securities	577,644			589,000
Investment Securities	1,750,315			1,699,961
Total Accrued Interest Receivable	3,525,291			3,356,618
Premises and Equipment, Net	24,060,662			22,797,844
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") Stock, at Cost	2,485,700			2,931,900
Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO")	858,242			1,115,671
Bank Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI")	21,102,893			18,797,893
Goodwill	1,199,754			1,199,754
Other Assets	6,918,380			3,795,212
Total Assets	$	902,234,941		$	868,812,599
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Liabilities:
Deposit Accounts	$	750,998,309		$	702,106,619
Advance Payments By Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance	633,625			269,761
Advances From FHLB	39,000,000			51,680,000
Other Borrowings	12,652,270			11,307,161
Note Payable	3,900,000			8,500,000
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155,000			5,155,000
Senior Convertible Debentures	6,064,000			6,064,000
Other Liabilities	6,945,324			5,806,604
Total Liabilities	$	825,348,528		$	790,889,145
Shareholders' Equity:
Common Stock, $.01 Par Value; Authorized 5,000,000 Shares; Issued and Outstanding Shares, 3,154,357 and 2,953,424, Respectively, at September 30, 2018 and 3,153,907 and 2,952,974, Respectively, at December 31, 2017	$	31,544		$	31,539
Additional Paid-In Capital	12,223,149			12,212,844
Treasury Stock, at Cost (200,933 Shares)	(4,330,712		)	(4,330,712		)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI")	(2,364,215		)	2,932,122
Retained Earnings	71,326,647			67,077,661
Total Shareholders' Equity	$	76,886,413		$	77,923,454
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	902,234,941		$	868,812,599

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Interest Income:
Loans	$	5,890,317		$	5,146,669	$	16,965,442		$	14,849,109
Mortgage-Backed Securities	1,351,134			1,274,753		3,943,521			3,552,887
Investment Securities	1,239,798			1,324,104		3,357,698			3,729,992
Other	25,228			6,295		42,384			34,804
Total Interest Income	8,506,477			7,751,821		24,309,045			22,166,792
Interest Expense:
NOW and Money Market Accounts	325,427			151,874		774,637			426,080
Statement Savings Accounts	14,120			10,726		38,420			30,000
Certificate Accounts	706,590			503,505		1,856,348			1,401,910
FHLB Advances and Other Borrowed Money	157,148			164,544		513,018			409,655
Note Payable	51,856			105,762		190,790			328,613
Senior Convertible Debentures	121,280			121,396		363,840			364,756
Junior Subordinated Debentures	53,218			38,975		147,234			110,863
Total Interest Expense	1,429,639			1,096,782		3,884,287			3,071,877
Net Interest Income	7,076,838			6,655,039		20,424,758			19,094,915
Provision For Loan Losses	150,000			100,000		150,000			100,000
Net Interest Income After Provision For Loan Losses	6,926,838			6,555,039		20,274,758			18,994,915
Non-Interest Income:
Gain on Sale of Investment Securities	—			79,363		436,304			707,902
Gain on Sale of Loans	345,396			373,636		999,045			894,053
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts	262,821			274,717		770,493			776,469
Commissions From Insurance Agency	196,817			172,074		525,153			451,311
Trust Income	249,000			186,000		725,000			554,000
BOLI Income	135,000			788,133		405,000			1,028,133
Check Card Fee Income	320,708			282,686		966,365			838,302
Grant Income	318,102			—		318,102			—
Other	241,837			205,524		712,785			542,250
Total Non-Interest Income	2,069,681			2,362,133		5,858,247			5,792,420
Non-Interest Expense:
Compensation and Employee Benefits	4,032,245			3,872,102		11,683,664			10,916,386
Occupancy	586,527			569,024		1,677,970			1,661,661
Advertising	181,663			120,033		455,753			391,742
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment	575,750			569,839		1,673,470			1,541,460
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") Insurance Premiums	72,837			64,518		206,218			168,707
Net Cost (Benefit) of Operation of OREO	(203,104		)	105,172		(362,864		)	(96,730		)
Other	1,171,664			1,268,449		3,842,576			3,681,552
Total Non-Interest Expense	6,417,582			6,569,137		19,176,787			18,264,778
Income Before Income Taxes	2,578,937			2,348,035		6,956,218			6,522,557
Provision For Income Taxes	471,245			445,133		1,298,455			1,513,090
Net Income	$	2,107,692		$	1,902,902	$	5,657,763		$	5,009,467
Net Income Per Common Share (Basic)	$	0.71		$	0.65	$	1.92		$	1.70
Net Income Per Common Share (Diluted)	$	0.68		$	0.61	$	1.82		$	1.61
Cash Dividend Per Share on Common Stock	$	0.09		$	0.09	$	0.09		$	0.27
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Basic)	2,953,424			2,945,474		2,953,340			2,945,215
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding (Diluted)	3,256,624			3,252,436		3,256,540			3,251,666

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Net Income	$	2,107,692		$	1,902,902
Other Comprehensive Loss
Unrealized Losses on Securities:
Unrealized Holding Losses on Securities AFS, Net of Taxes of $(618,602) and $(39,600) at September 30, 2018 and 2017, Respectively	(1,888,549		)	(64,802		)
Reclassification Adjustment for Gains Included in Net Income, Net of Taxes of $30,158 at September 30, 2017	—			(49,205		)
Amortization of Unrealized Gains on AFS Securities Transferred to HTM, Net of Taxes of $(5,999) and $(14,084) at September 30, 2018 and 2017, Respectively	(17,998		)	(23,019		)
Other Comprehensive Loss	(1,906,547		)	(137,026		)
Comprehensive Income	$	201,145		$	1,765,876



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Net Income	$	5,657,763		$	5,009,467
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Securities:
Unrealized Holding (Losses) Gains on Securities AFS Net of Taxes of $(1,804,885) and $1,892,760 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, Respectively	(5,515,962		)	3,080,485
Reclassification Adjustment for Gains Included in Net Income, Net of Taxes of $109,076 and $269,003 at September 30, 2018 and 2017, Respectively	(327,228		)	(438,899		)
Amortization of Unrealized Gains on AFS Securities Transferred to HTM, Net of Taxes of $(23,718) and $(50,102) at September 30, 2018 and 2017, Respectively	(64,238		)	(81,884		)
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	(5,907,428		)	2,559,702
Comprehensive (Loss) Income	$	(249,665	)	$	7,569,169

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017



	Common Stock		Unvested Restricted Stock			Additional Paid – In Capital		Treasury Stock			AOCI		Retained Earnings			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	31,464	$	(25,358	)	$	12,036,744	$	(4,330,712	)	$	1,180,086	$	62,220,050		$	71,112,274
Net Income	—		—			—		—			—		5,009,467			5,009,467
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	—		—			—		—			2,559,702		—			2,559,702
Vesting of Restricted Stock			25,358			—		—			—		—			25,358
Cash Dividends on Common Stock	—		—			—		—			—		(795,277		)	(795,277		)
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	31,464	$	—		$	12,036,744	$	(4,330,712	)	$	3,739,788	$	66,434,240		$	77,911,524



	Common Stock		Additional Paid – In Capital		Treasury Stock			AOCI			Retained Earnings			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	31,539	$	12,212,844	$	(4,330,712	)	$	2,932,122		$	67,077,661		$	77,923,454
Net Income	—		—		—			—			5,657,763			5,657,763
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	—		—		—			(5,907,428		)	—			(5,907,428		)
Reclassification of stranded tax effects from AOCI to Retained Earnings	—		—		—			611,091			(611,091		)	—
Stock Options Exercised	5		10,305		—			—			—			10,310
Cash Dividends on Common Stock	—		—		—			—			(797,686		)	(797,686		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	31,544	$	12,223,149	$	(4,330,712	)	$	(2,364,215	)	$	71,326,647		$	76,886,413

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Income	$	5,657,763		$	5,009,467
Adjustments To Reconcile Net Income To Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities:
Depreciation Expense	1,062,542			1,101,900
Stock Option Compensation Expense	—			25,358
Discount Accretion and Premium Amortization	4,271,865			4,190,700
Provisions for Losses on Loans	150,000			100,000
Earnings on BOLI	(405,000		)	(374,000		)
Income Recognized From BOLI Death Benefit	—			(654,133		)
Gain on Sales of Loans	(999,045		)	(894,053		)
Gain on Sales of Mortgage-Backed Securities ("MBS")	(181,034		)	(250,149		)
Gain on Sales of Investment Securities	(255,270		)	(457,752		)
Gain on Sale of Premises and Equipment	—			(1,900		)
Gain on Sales of OREO	(547,685		)	(321,687		)
Write Down on OREO	56,000			68,121
Amortization of Deferred Loan Costs	73,163			127,058
Proceeds From Sale of Loans Held For Sale	38,316,435			33,301,781
Origination of Loans Held For Sale	(35,002,538		)	(29,434,231		)
(Increase) Decrease in Accrued Interest Receivable:
Loans	(129,675		)	102,016
MBS	11,356			17,509
Investment Securities	(50,354		)	(308,595		)
Increase in Advance Payments By Borrowers	363,864			408,911
(Increase) Decrease in Other, Net	(134,725		)	594,400
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities	$	12,257,662		$	12,350,721
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of MBS AFS	$	(41,314,618	)	$	(42,875,234	)
Proceeds from Payments and Maturities of MBS AFS	28,033,612			28,487,010
Proceeds from Sale of MBS AFS	17,007,024			19,003,897
Proceeds from Payments and Maturities of MBS Held To Maturity ("HTM")	2,536,945			2,836,011
Purchase of Investment Securities AFS	(38,965,898		)	(75,688,312		)
Proceeds from Payments and Maturities of Investment Securities AFS	23,557,323			17,854,087
Proceeds from Sale of Investment Securities AFS	11,563,456			27,825,020
Purchase of Investment Securities HTM	—			(3,997,750		)
Proceeds from Payments and Maturities of Investment Securities HTM	2,000,000			1,000,000
Proceeds from Redemption of Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks	—			1,095,000
Purchase of FHLB Stock	(4,194,300		)	(5,129,700		)
Redemption of FHLB Stock	4,640,500			5,432,500
Purchase of BOLI	(1,900,000		)	(2,000,000		)
Proceeds From BOLI Death Benefit	—			1,463,285
Increase in Loans Receivable	(36,340,156		)	(19,680,925		)
Proceeds From Sale of OREO	1,064,664			1,558,891
Purchase and Improvement of Premises and Equipment	(2,325,360		)	(2,769,640		)
Proceeds From Sale of Premises and Equipment	—			1,900
Net Cash Used By Investing Activities	$	(34,636,808	)	$	(45,583,960	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Increase in Deposit Accounts	$	48,891,690		$	47,510,082
Proceeds from FHLB Advances	160,083,000			157,576,000
Repayment of FHLB Advances	(172,763,000		)	(164,971,000		)
Increase in Other Borrowings, Net	1,345,109			3,017,664
Repayment of Note Payable	(4,600,000		)	(3,300,000		)
Purchase of Senior Convertible Debentures	—			(20,000		)
Proceeds from Employee Stock Options Exercised	10,310			—
Dividends to Common Stock Shareholders	(797,686		)	(795,277		)
Net Cash Provided By Financing Activities	$	32,169,423		$	39,017,469

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	9,790,277			5,784,230
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	10,319,624			9,374,549
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	20,109,901		$	15,158,779

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash Paid During The Period For:
Interest	$	3,719,123		$	2,937,283
Income Taxes	$	992,273		$	1,162,000
Supplemental Schedule of Non Cash Transactions:
Transfers From Loans Receivable to OREO	$	315,550		$	491,748
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	$	(5,907,428	)	$	2,559,702

SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"); therefore, they do not include all disclosures necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Such statements are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of results for the selected interim periods. Users of financial information produced for interim periods are encouraged to refer to the footnotes contained in the audited consolidated financial statements appearing in Security Federal Corporation’s (the “Company”) 2017 Annual Report to Shareholders which was filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 10-K”) when reviewing interim financial statements. The unaudited consolidated results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

2. Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Security Federal Bank (the “Bank”) and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Security Federal Insurance, Inc. (“SFINS”) and Security Financial Services Corporation (“SFSC”). SFINS is an insurance agency offering auto, business, health and home insurance. SFINS has a wholly owned subsidiary, Collier Jennings Financial Corporation, which has as subsidiaries Security Federal Auto Insurance, The Auto Insurance Store Inc., and Security Federal Premium Pay Plans Inc. Security Federal Premium Pay Plans Inc. has one wholly owned premium finance subsidiary and also has an ownership interest in four other premium finance subsidiaries. SFSC is currently inactive. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company has a wholly owned subsidiary, Security Federal Statutory Trust (the “Trust”), which issued and sold fixed and floating rate capital securities of the Trust. However, under current accounting guidance, the Trust is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. The Bank is primarily engaged in the business of accepting savings and demand deposits and originating mortgage loans and other loans to individuals and small businesses for various personal and commercial purposes.

3. Critical Accounting Policies

The Company has adopted various accounting policies, which govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in the footnotes to the audited consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2017 included in our 2017 Annual Report to Shareholders. Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management, which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities, and, as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. We consider these accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions we use are based on historical experience and other factors, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions we make, actual results could differ from these judgments and estimates which could have a material impact on our carrying values of assets and liabilities and our results of operations.

The Company believes the allowance for loan losses is a critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgments and estimates used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The impact of an unexpected and sudden large loss could deplete the allowance and potentially require increased provisions to replenish the allowance, which would negatively affect earnings. The Company provides for loan losses using the allowance method. Accordingly, all loan losses are charged to the related allowance and all recoveries are credited to the allowance for loan losses. Additions to the allowance for loan losses are provided by charges to operations based on various factors, which, in management’s judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating possible losses. Such factors considered by management include the fair value of the underlying collateral, stated guarantees by the borrower (if applicable), the borrower’s ability to repay from other economic resources, growth and composition of the loan portfolio, the relationship of the allowance for loan losses to the outstanding loans, loss experience, delinquency trends, and general economic conditions. Management evaluates the carrying value of the loans periodically and the allowance is adjusted accordingly.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

3. Critical Accounting Policies, Continued

While management uses the best information available to make evaluations, future adjustments may be necessary if economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in making these evaluations. The allowance for loan losses is subject to periodic evaluations by our bank regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve"), the FDIC and the South Carolina Board of Financial Institutions, that may require adjustments to be made to the allowance based upon the information that is available at the time of their examination.

The Company values impaired loans at the loan’s fair value if it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the terms of the loan agreement at the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, if available, or the value of the underlying collateral. Expected cash flows are required to be discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. When the ultimate collectibility of an impaired loan’s principal is in doubt, wholly or partially, all cash receipts are applied to principal. When this doubt does not exist, cash receipts are applied under the contractual terms of the loan agreement first to interest and then to principal. Once the recorded principal balance has been reduced to zero, future cash receipts are applied to interest income to the extent that any interest has been foregone. Further cash receipts are recorded as recoveries of any amounts previously charged off.

The Company uses assumptions and estimates in determining income taxes payable or refundable for the current year, deferred income tax liabilities and assets for events recognized differently in its financial statements and income tax returns, and income tax expense. Determining these amounts requires analysis of certain transactions and interpretation of tax laws and regulations. The Company exercises considerable judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting tax liabilities and assets. These judgments and estimates are reevaluated on a continual basis as regulatory and business factors change. No assurance can be given that either the tax returns submitted by us or the income tax reported on the Consolidated Financial Statements will not be adjusted by either adverse rulings by the United States Tax Court, changes in the tax code, or assessments made by the Internal Revenue Service.

4. Earnings Per Common Share

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued. The dilutive effect of options outstanding under the Company’s stock option plan is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the treasury stock method. There were no stock options outstanding at September 30, 2018. All of the options outstanding at September 30, 2017 had an exercise price below the average market price during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Therefore, these options were considered to be dilutive to EPS in those periods. Diluted EPS also assumes the convertible debentures were converted into 303,200 shares of common stock as of the beginning of the period. The related interest expense recorded during the period is added back to the EPS numerator while the underlying shares are added to the denominator.

The following tables include a summary of the Company's basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018						2017
	Income		Shares	Per Share Amounts			Income		Shares	Per Share Amounts
Basic EPS	$	2,107,692	2,953,424	$	0.71		$	1,902,902	2,945,474	$	0.65
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Options	—		—	—			—		3,762	(0.01		)
Senior Convertible Debentures	90,960		303,200	(0.03		)	75,266		303,200	(0.02)
Diluted EPS	$	2,198,652	3,256,624	$	0.68		$	1,978,168	3,252,436	$	0.61

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

4. Earnings Per Common Share, Continued



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017
	Income		Shares	Per Share Amounts		Income		Shares	Per Share Amounts
Basic EPS	$	5,657,763	2,953,340	$	1.92	$	5,009,467	2,945,215	$	1.70
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Stock Options	—		—	—		—		3,251	(0.01		)
Senior Convertible Debentures	272,880		303,200	(0.10)		226,149		303,200	(0.08)
Diluted EPS	$	5,930,643	3,256,540	$	1.82	$	5,235,616	3,251,666	$	1.61

5. Stock-Based Compensation

Certain officers and directors of the Company participate in incentive and non-qualified stock option plans. Options are granted at exercise prices not less than the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. The following is a summary of the activity under the Company’s stock option plans for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance, Beginning of Period	1,650		$22.91	19,500		$23.49
Options Forfeited	(1,650	)	22.91	(1,000	)	24.61
Balance, End of Period	—		—	18,500		$23.43



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance, Beginning of Period	4,500		$22.91	21,500		$23.57
Options Exercised	(450	)	22.91	—		—
Options Forfeited	(4,050	)	22.91	(3,000	)	24.43
Balance, End of Period	—		—	18,500		$23.43

Options Exercisable	—			18,500

Options Available For Grant	50,000			50,000

At September 30, 2018, the Company had no options outstanding.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6. Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Available For Sale

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of investment and mortgage-backed securities available for sale at the dates indicated were as follows:



	September 30, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Student Loan Pools	$	12,957,559	$	33,076	$	9,096	$	12,981,539
Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Bonds	118,275,224		227,093		1,277,257		117,225,060
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	60,381,306		897,641		797,693		60,481,254
Taxable Municipal Bonds	3,007,036		—		66,401		2,940,635
Mortgage-Backed Securities	182,045,631		811,987		2,977,163		179,880,455
State Tax Credit	88,350		—		—		88,350
Equity Securities	155,000		—		—		155,000
Total Available For Sale	$	376,910,106	$	1,969,797	$	5,127,610	$	373,752,293

	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Student Loan Pools	$	8,522,043	$	1,288	$	1,546	$	8,521,785
SBA Bonds	123,324,802		1,113,160		189,518		124,248,444
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	59,623,185		2,789,233		56,851		62,355,567
Taxable Municipal Bonds	2,016,833		—		19,703		1,997,130
Mortgage-Backed Securities	186,732,705		1,936,847		973,572		187,695,980
Equity Securities	155,000		—		—		155,000
Total Available For Sale	$	380,374,568	$	5,840,528	$	1,241,190	$	384,973,906

Student Loan Pools are typically 97% guaranteed by the United States government while SBA bonds are 100% backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. Included in the tables above and below in mortgage-backed securities are Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") mortgage-backed securities, which are also backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. At September 30, 2018, AFS GNMA mortgage-backed securities had an amortized cost and fair value of $82.1 million and $81.5 million, respectively, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $101.3 million and $102.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017.

Also included in mortgage-backed securities in the tables above and below are private label collateralized mortgage obligation ("CMO") securities, which are issued by non-governmental real estate mortgage investment conduits and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. At September 30, 2018 the Bank held AFS private label CMO mortgage-backed securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $29.9 million and $29.8 million, respectively, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $26.9 million at December 31, 2017.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6. Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Available For Sale, Continued

The amortized cost and fair value of investment and mortgage-backed securities available for sale at September 30, 2018 are shown below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Since mortgage-backed securities are not due at a single maturity date, they are disclosed separately, rather than allocated over the maturity groupings set forth in the table below.



	September 30, 2018
Investment Securities:	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
One Year or Less	$	1,125,559	$	1,122,015
After One – Five Years	11,035,958		10,987,529
After Five – Ten Years	42,005,204		41,714,850
More Than Ten Years	140,697,754		140,047,444
Mortgage-Backed Securities	182,045,631		179,880,455
Total Available For Sale	$	376,910,106	$	373,752,293

At September 30, 2018 the amortized cost and fair value of investment and mortgage-backed securities available for sale pledged as collateral for certain deposit accounts, FHLB advances and other borrowings were $118.9 million and $118 million, respectively, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $99.2 million and $100.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017.

The Bank received $28.6 million and $46.8 million in gross proceeds from sales of available for sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As a result, the Bank recognized gross gains of $503,000 and $870,000, respectively, with $67,000 and $162,000 gross losses recognized for the same periods.

The following tables show gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category, and length of time that the individual available for sale securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated.



	September 30, 2018
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Student Loan Pools	$	2,057,695	$	9,096	$	—	$	—	$	2,057,695	$	9,096
SBA Bonds	79,678,260		964,997		14,490,089		312,260		94,168,349		1,277,257
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	32,933,452		492,761		6,384,426		304,932		39,317,878		797,693
Taxable Municipal Bonds	1,969,285		32,952		971,350		33,449		2,940,635		66,401
Mortgage-Backed Securities	75,412,165		1,211,586		56,908,117		1,765,577		132,320,282		2,977,163
	$	192,050,857	$	2,711,392	$	78,753,982	$	2,416,218	$	270,804,839	$	5,127,610



	December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Student Loan Pools	$	7,556,014	$	1,546	$	—	$	—	$	7,556,014	$	1,546
SBA Bonds	24,433,422		151,459		5,588,532		38,059		30,021,954		189,518
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	4,406,162		13,852		4,328,229		42,999		8,734,391		56,851
Taxable Municipal Bond	1,997,130		19,703		—		—		1,997,130		19,703
Mortgage-Backed Securities	62,574,910		624,772		23,612,359		348,800		86,187,269		973,572
	$	100,967,638	$	811,332	$	33,529,120	$	429,858	$	134,496,758	$	1,241,190

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

6. Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Available For Sale, Continued

Securities classified as available for sale are recorded at fair market value. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, 47.1% and 34.6% of the unrealized losses, representing 64 and 30 individual securities, respectively, consisted of securities in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities until such time as the value recovers or the securities mature. The Company believes, based on industry analyst reports and credit ratings, that the deterioration in value is attributable to changes in market interest rates and is not in the credit quality of the issuer and therefore, these losses are not considered other-than-temporary. The Company reviews its investment securities portfolio at least quarterly and more frequently when economic conditions warrant, assessing whether there is any indication of other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”).

Factors considered in the review include estimated future cash flows, length of time and extent to which market value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, and our intent and ability to retain the security to allow for an anticipated recovery in market value. If the review determines that there is OTTI, then an impairment loss is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s cost and its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment is made, or the Company may recognize a portion in other comprehensive income. The fair value of investments on which OTTI is recognized then becomes the new cost basis of the investment. There was no OTTI recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

7. Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Held to Maturity

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of held to maturity securities at the dates indicated below were as follows:



	September 30, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC") Bond	$	998,434	$	—	$	32,813	$	965,621
Mortgage-Backed Securities ⁽¹⁾	21,293,593		69,733		628,916		20,734,410
Total Held To Maturity	$	22,292,027	$	69,733	$	661,729	$	21,700,031

	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
FHLB Bonds	$	2,000,000	$	—	$	2,984	$	1,997,016
FHLMC Bond	998,102		—		12,588		985,514
Mortgage-Backed Securities ⁽¹⁾	24,082,868		120,843		131,307		24,072,404
Total Held To Maturity	$	27,080,970	$	120,843	$	146,879	$	27,054,934

^{(1) COMPRISED OF MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES OF GSEs OR GNMA}

The FHLB, FHLMC and the Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") are government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs") and the securities and bonds issued by GSEs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. At September 30, 2018, the Bank held an amortized cost and fair value of $13.9 million and $13.5 million, respectively, in GNMA mortgage-backed securities classified as held to maturity, which are included in the table above, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $15.9 million and $15.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017. The Company has not invested in any private label mortgage-backed securities classified as held to maturity.

At September 30, 2018, the amortized cost and fair value of mortgage-backed securities held to maturity that were pledged as collateral for certain deposit accounts, FHLB advances and other borrowings were $20.4 million and $19.9 million, respectively, compared to an amortized cost and fair value of $22.3 million at December 31, 2017.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

7. Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities, Held to Maturity, Continued

The amortized cost and fair value of investment and mortgage-backed securities held to maturity at September 30, 2018 are shown below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Since mortgage-backed securities are not due at a single maturity date, they are disclosed separately, rather than allocated over the maturity groupings set forth in the table below.



	September 30, 2018
Investment Securities:	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
One – Five Years	$	998,434	$	965,621
Mortgage-Backed Securities	21,293,593		20,734,410
Total Held to Maturity	$	22,292,027	$	21,700,031

The following tables show gross unrealized losses, fair value, and length of time that individual held to maturity securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated below.



	September 30, 2018
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
FHLMC Bond	$	—	$	—	$	965,621	$	32,813	$	965,621	$	32,813
Mortgage-Backed Securities ⁽¹⁾	11,070,475		321,204		8,067,582		307,712		19,138,057		628,916
	$	11,070,475	$	321,204	$	9,033,203	$	340,525	$	20,103,678	$	661,729

^{(1) COMPRISED OF MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES OF GSEs OR GNMA}



	December 31, 2017
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
FHLB Bond	$	1,997,016	$	2,984	$	—	$	—	$	1,997,016	$	2,984
FHLMC Bond	985,514		12,588		—		—		985,514		12,588
Mortgage-Backed Securities ⁽¹⁾	17,645,676		103,387		1,284,971		27,920		18,930,647		131,307
	$	20,628,206	$	118,959	$	1,284,971	$	27,920	$	21,913,177	$	146,879

^{(1) COMPRISED OF MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES OF GSEs OR GNMA}

The Company’s held to maturity portfolio is recorded at amortized cost. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these securities to maturity.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Loans Receivable, Net

Loans receivable, net, consisted of the following as of the dates indicated below:



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Residential Real Estate Loans	$	85,193,491	$	81,255,167
Consumer Loans	57,962,835		56,761,695
Commercial Business Loans	27,407,959		26,777,893
Commercial Real Estate Loans	267,568,254		237,814,628
Total Loans Held For Investment	438,132,539		402,609,383
Loans Held For Sale	737,098		3,051,950
Total Loans Receivable, Gross	$	438,869,637	$	405,661,333
Less:
Allowance For Loan Losses	8,602,078		8,221,618
Loans in Process	6,048,974		6,804,533
Deferred Loan Fees	238,797		141,985
	14,889,849		15,168,136
Total Loans Receivable, Net	$	423,979,788	$	390,493,197

The Company uses a risk based approach based on the following credit quality measures when analyzing the loan portfolio: pass, caution, special mention, and substandard. These indicators are used to rate the credit quality of loans for the purposes of determining the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Pass loans are loans that are performing and are deemed adequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or the underlying collateral value. These loans are considered to have the least amount of risk in terms of determining the allowance for loan losses. Loans that are graded as substandard are considered to have the most risk. These loans typically have an identified weakness or weaknesses and are inadequately protected by the net worth of the borrower or collateral value. All loans 90 days or more past due are automatically classified in this category. The caution and special mention categories fall in between the pass and substandard grades and consist of loans that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification but possess weaknesses.

The tables below summarize the balance within each risk category by loan type, excluding loans held for sale, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.



September 30, 2018	Pass		Caution		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Residential Real Estate	$	76,083,485	$	3,558,567	$	1,308,296	$	4,243,143	$	85,193,491
Consumer	49,309,083		5,848,589		479,473		2,325,690		57,962,835
Commercial Business	22,569,651		4,135,663		359,785		342,860		27,407,959
Commercial Real Estate	190,029,320		47,269,195		20,101,394		10,168,345		267,568,254
Total	$	337,991,539	$	60,812,014	$	22,248,948	$	17,080,038	$	438,132,539



December 31, 2017	Pass		Caution		Special Mention		Substandard		Total Loans
Residential Real Estate	$	73,225,237	$	2,352,536	$	1,384,222	$	4,293,172	$	81,255,167
Consumer	52,249,017		1,862,340		344,361		2,305,977		56,761,695
Commercial Business	23,396,550		2,066,749		767,048		547,546		26,777,893
Commercial Real Estate	158,232,465		53,798,061		21,269,279		4,514,823		237,814,628
Total	$	307,103,269	$	60,079,686	$	23,764,910	$	11,661,518	$	402,609,383

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

The following tables present an age analysis of past due balances, including loans on non-accrual status, by category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable
Residential Real Estate	$	473,728	$	—	$	494,065	$	967,793	$	84,225,698	$	85,193,491
Consumer	275,395		164,359		908,797		1,348,551		56,614,284		57,962,835
Commercial Business	187,558		31,600		5,000		224,158		27,183,801		27,407,959
Commercial Real Estate	1,396,237		406,753		1,980,648		3,783,638		263,784,616		267,568,254
Total	$	2,332,918	$	602,712	$	3,388,510	$	6,324,140	$	431,808,399	$	438,132,539



	December 31, 2017
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable
Residential Real Estate	$	395,763	$	—	$	948,875	$	1,344,638	$	79,910,529	$	81,255,167
Consumer	604,809		85,178		182,757		872,744		55,888,951		56,761,695
Commercial Business	185,526		102,244		—		287,770		26,490,123		26,777,893
Commercial Real Estate	2,207,655		364,515		1,919,292		4,491,462		233,323,166		237,814,628
Total	$	3,393,753	$	551,937	$	3,050,924	$	6,996,614	$	395,612,769	$	402,609,383

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any loans that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. Our strategy is to work with our borrowers to reach acceptable payment plans while protecting our interests in the existing collateral. In the event an acceptable arrangement cannot be reached, we may have to acquire these properties through foreclosure or other means and subsequently sell, develop, or liquidate them.

The following table shows non-accrual loans by category at September 30, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				$			%
	Amount		Percent ⁽¹⁾		Amount		Percent ⁽¹⁾		Increase (Decrease)			Increase (Decrease)
Non-accrual Loans:
Residential Real Estate	$	2,246,142	0.5	%	$	1,948,524	0.5	%	$	297,618		15.3%
Consumer	1,181,304		0.3		318,926		0.1		$	862,378		270.4
Commercial Business	83,006		—		109,401		—		(26,395		)	(24.1)
Commercial Real Estate	6,487,224		1.5		3,340,904		0.8		3,146,320			94.2
Total Non-accrual Loans	$	9,997,676	2.3	%	$	5,717,755	1.5	%	$	4,279,921		74.9%

^{(1) PERCENT OF TOTAL LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET OF DEFERRED FEES AND LOANS IN PROCESS.}

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

The following tables show the activity in the allowance for loan losses by category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Commercial Business			Commercial Real Estate			Total
Beginning Balance	$	1,309,069		$	1,213,774		$	1,077,433		$	5,010,900		$	8,611,176
Provision for Loan Losses	128,753			(21,106		)	(144,996		)	187,349			150,000
Charge-Offs	(27,489		)	(27,181		)	—			(117,822		)	(172,492		)
Recoveries	—			8,519			—			4,875			13,394
Ending Balance	$	1,410,333		$	1,174,006		$	932,437		$	5,085,302		$	8,602,078




	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Commercial Business			Commercial Real Estate			Total
Beginning Balance	$	1,233,843		$	1,144,815		$	1,011,227		$	4,831,733		$	8,221,618
Provision for Loan Losses	217,702			51,275			(46,272		)	(72,705		)	150,000
Charge-Offs	(41,419		)	(118,207		)	(32,518		)	(127,712		)	(319,856		)
Recoveries	207			96,123			—			453,986			550,316
Ending Balance	$	1,410,333		$	1,174,006		$	932,437		$	5,085,302		$	8,602,078



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Commercial Business			Commercial Real Estate			Total
Beginning Balance	$	1,450,176		$	1,122,473		$	880,642		$	4,749,341		$	8,202,632
Provision for Loan Losses	80,766			110,023			(842		)	(89,947		)	100,000
Charge-Offs	(114,869		)	(82,087		)	—			(62,482		)	(259,438		)
Recoveries	1,014			15,392			—			109,588			125,994
Ending Balance	$	1,417,087		$	1,165,801		$	879,800		$	4,706,500		$	8,169,188




	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Commercial Business			Commercial Real Estate			Total
Beginning Balance	$	1,360,346		$	996,620		$	882,999		$	5,116,266		$	8,356,231
Provision for Loan Losses	241,112			234,342			2,690			(378,144		)	100,000
Charge-Offs	(186,372		)	(123,942		)	(5,889		)	(198,482		)	(514,685		)
Recoveries	2,001			58,781			—			166,860			227,642
Ending Balance	$	1,417,087		$	1,165,801		$	879,800		$	4,706,500		$	8,169,188

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

The following tables present information related to impaired loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in the allowance for loan losses at the dates indicated:



	Allowance For Loan Losses
September 30, 2018	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Residential Real Estate	$	—	$	1,410,333	$	1,410,333
Consumer	—		1,174,006		1,174,006
Commercial Business	—		932,437		932,437
Commercial Real Estate	—		5,085,302		5,085,302
Total	$	—	$	8,602,078	$	8,602,078



	Allowance For Loan Losses
December 31, 2017	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Residential Real Estate	$	—	$	1,233,843	$	1,233,843
Consumer	—		1,144,815		1,144,815
Commercial Business	—		1,011,227		1,011,227
Commercial Real Estate	—		4,831,733		4,831,733
Total	$	—	$	8,221,618	$	8,221,618

The following tables present information related to impaired loans evaluated individually and collectively for impairment in loans receivable at the dates indicated:



	Loans Receivable
September 30, 2018	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Residential Real Estate	$	1,928,136	$	83,265,355	$	85,193,491
Consumer	956,087		57,006,748		57,962,835
Commercial Business	78,006		27,329,953		27,407,959
Commercial Real Estate	9,633,640		257,934,614		267,568,254
Total	$	12,595,869	$	425,536,670	$	438,132,539



	Loans Receivable
December 31, 2017	Individually Evaluated For Impairment		Collectively Evaluated For Impairment		Total
Residential Real Estate	$	1,883,741	$	79,371,426	$	81,255,167
Consumer	181,617		56,580,078		56,761,695
Commercial Business	100,401		26,677,492		26,777,893
Commercial Real Estate	6,276,547		231,538,081		237,814,628
Total	$	8,442,306	$	394,167,077	$	402,609,383

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as individually impaired management measures the impairment and records the loan at fair value. Fair value is estimated using one of the following methods: fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, discounted cash flows, or market value of the loan based on similar debt. The fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell is the most frequently used method. Typically, the Company reviews the most recent appraisal and, if it is over 24 months old, will request a new third party appraisal. Depending on the particular circumstances surrounding the loan, including the location of the collateral, the date of the most recent appraisal and the value of the collateral relative to the recorded investment in the loan, management may order an independent appraisal immediately or, in some instances, may elect to perform an internal analysis. The average balance of impaired loans was $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $10.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The following tables present information related to impaired loans by loan category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. There was no allowance recorded related to any impaired loans at September 30, 2018.



	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
Impaired Loans	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
Residential Real Estate	$	1,928,137	$	2,482,806	$	—	$	1,883,741	$	2,333,741	$	—
Consumer	956,086		964,386		—		181,617		209,427		—
Commercial Business	78,006		973,006		—		100,401		950,401		—
Commercial Real Estate	9,633,640		10,524,082		—		6,276,547		7,583,847		—
Total	$	12,595,869	$	14,944,280	$	—	$	8,442,306	$	11,077,416	$	—



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017
Impaired Loans	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Residential Real Estate	1,967,761		—		2,613,299		2,226
Consumer	957,392		—		240,005		—
Commercial Business	78,206		—		145,401		—
Commercial Real Estate	9,926,344		42,699		7,331,736		44,296
Total	$	12,929,703	$	42,699	$	10,330,441	$	46,522



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017
Impaired Loans	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
Residential Real Estate	2,407,872		10,585		2,939,263		25,339
Consumer	1,043,893		—		294,002		—
Commercial Business	87,284		—		145,401		—
Commercial Real Estate	10,495,262		162,763		7,517,744		159,584
Total	$	14,034,311	$	173,348	$	10,896,410	$	184,923

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Loans Receivable, Net, Continued

In the course of resolving delinquent loans, the Bank may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans. A troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") is a restructuring in which the Bank, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider (Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC Topic 310-40). The concessions granted on TDRs generally include terms to reduce the interest rate, extend the term of the debt obligation, or modify the payment structure on the debt obligation. The Bank grants such concessions to reassess the borrower’s financial status and develop a plan for repayment.

At the date of modification, TDRs are initially classified as nonaccrual TDRs. TDR loans are returned to accruing status when there is economic substance to the restructuring, there is documented credit evaluation of the borrower's financial condition, the remaining balance is reasonably assured of repayment in accordance with its modified terms, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained repayment performance in accordance with the modified terms for a reasonable period of time (generally a minimum of six months).

TDRs included in impaired loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $4.0 million and $4.1 million, respectively. There were no new TDRs during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. At September 30, 2018, one TDR loan with a balance of $570,000 was in default. In comparison, at September 30, 2017, two TDR loans totaling $611,000 were in default. None of these TDR loans defaulted during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The Bank considers any loan 30 days or more past due to be in default.

Our policy with respect to accrual of interest on loans restructured as a TDR follows relevant supervisory guidance. That is, if a borrower has demonstrated performance under the previous loan terms and shows capacity to perform under the restructured loan terms, continued accrual of interest at the restructured interest rate is probable. If a borrower was materially delinquent on payments prior to the restructuring but shows capacity to meet the restructured loan terms, the loan will likely continue as nonaccrual going forward. Lastly, if the borrower does not perform under the restructured terms, the loan is placed on nonaccrual status.

We closely monitor these loans and will cease accruing interest on them if management believes that the borrowers may not continue performing based on the restructured note terms. If, after previously being classified as a TDR, a loan is restructured a second time, then that loan is automatically placed on nonaccrual status. Our policy with respect to nonperforming loans requires the borrower to make a minimum of six consecutive payments in accordance with the modified loan terms before that loan can be placed back on accrual status. Further, the borrower must demonstrate the capacity to continue making payments on the loan prior to restoration of accrual status.

9. Regulatory Matters

The Bank, as a state-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. Under the FDIC's capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank's capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.

The Company is a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve. Bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. For a bank holding company with less than $1.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company's subsidiary banks to be well-capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations. If Security Federal Corporation was subject to regulatory guidelines for bank holding companies with $1.0 billion or more in assets, at September 30, 2018, it would have exceeded all regulatory capital requirements.

Based on its capital levels at September 30, 2018, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements as of that date. Consistent with the Bank's goals to operate a sound and profitable organization, it is the Bank's policy to maintain a "well-capitalized" status under the regulatory capital categories of the FDIC. Based on capital levels at September 30, 2018, the Bank was considered to be "well-capitalized" under applicable regulatory requirements. Management monitors the capital levels to provide for current and future business opportunities and to maintain the Bank's "well-capitalized" status.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

9. Regulatory Matters, Continued

The tables below provide the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital requirements and actual results at the dates indicated.



	Actual			For Capital Adequacy			To Be "Well-Capitalized"
(Dollars in Thousands)	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio	Amount		Ratio
SECURITY FEDERAL CORP.	September 30, 2018
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	83,660	15.5%	$	32,339	6.0%	N/A		N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	90,418		16.8%	43,119		8.0%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	78,660		14.6%	24,255		4.5%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	83,660		9.3%	35,979		4.0%	N/A		N/A
SECURITY FEDERAL BANK
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	89,073	16.5%	$	32,330	6.0%	$	43,107	8.0%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	95,831		17.8%	43,107		8.0%	53,883		10.0%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	89,073		16.5%	24,248		4.5%	35,024		6.5%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	89,073		9.9%	35,972		4.0%	44,965		5.0%
SECURITY FEDERAL CORP.	December 31, 2017
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	78,790	15.8%	$	29,998	6.0%	N/A		N/A
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	85,066		17.0%	39,997		8.0%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	73,790		14.8%	22,498		4.5%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	78,790		9.1%	34,518		4.0%	N/A		N/A
SECURITY FEDERAL BANK
Tier 1 Risk-Based Core Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	$	88,275	17.7%	$	29,989	6.0%	$	39,985	8.0%
Total Risk-Based Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	94,547		18.9%	39,985		8.0%	49,981		10.0%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (To Risk Weighted Assets)	88,275		17.7%	22,491		4.5%	32,488		6.5%
Tier 1 Leverage (Core) Capital (To Adjusted Tangible Assets)	88,275		10.2%	34,512		4.0%	43,140		5.0%

In addition to the minimum common equity Tier 1 ("CET1"), Tier 1 and total capital ratios, the Bank now has to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital above the required minimum levels in order to avoid limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses based on percentages of retained income that could be utilized for such actions. The capital conservation buffer requirement began to be phased in on January 1, 2016 when more than 0.625% of risk-weighted assets was required, and increases by 0.625% on each subsequent January 1, until fully implemented to an amount more than 2.5% of risk weighted assets in January 2019. At September 30, 2018 the Bank’s CET1 capital exceeded the required capital conservation buffer of an amount more than 1.875%.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has adopted accounting guidance which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value under generally accepted accounting principles. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Liabilities.” The amendments included within this standard, which are applied prospectively, require the Company to disclose fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet and to measure that fair value using an exit price notion, the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions. The Company’s fair values for financial instruments at September 30, 2018 were determined based on these requirements. Prior to adopting the amendments included in the standard, the Company was allowed to measure fair value under an entry price notion. The entry price notion previously applied by the Company used a discounted cash flows technique to calculate the present value of expected future cash flows for a financial instrument. The exit price notion uses the same approach, but also incorporates other factors, such as enhanced credit risk, illiquidity risk and market factors that sometimes exist in exit prices in dislocated markets.

Accounting guidance emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).



Level 1 -	Quoted Market Price in Active Markets Valuation is based upon quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as U.S. Treasuries and money market funds.
Level 2 -	Significant Other Observable Inputs Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds, corporate debt securities and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes certain derivative contracts.
Level 3 -	Significant Unobservable Inputs Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption based on unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value.

Investment Securities Available for Sale

Investment securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. At September 30, 2018, the Company’s investment portfolio was comprised of government and agency bonds, mortgage-backed securities issued by government agencies or GSEs, private label CMO mortgage-backed securities, municipal securities, one state tax credit and one equity investment. Fair value measurement is based upon prices obtained from third party pricing services that use independent pricing models which rely on a variety of factors including reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, benchmark yields, economic and industry events and other relevant market information. As a result, these securities are classified as Level 2.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Continued

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

The Company originates fixed rate residential loans on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. Loans closed but not yet settled with the FHLMC or other investors, are carried in the Company’s loans held for sale portfolio. These loans are fixed rate residential loans that have been originated in the Company’s name and have closed. Virtually all of these loans have commitments to be purchased by investors and the majority of these loans were locked in by price with the investors on the same day or shortly thereafter that the loan was locked in with the Company’s customers. Therefore, these loans present very little market risk for the Company.

The Company usually delivers a commitment to, and receives funding from, the investor within 30 days. Commitments to sell these loans to the investor are considered derivative contracts and are sold to investors on a “best efforts" basis. The Company is not obligated to deliver a loan or pay a penalty if a loan is not delivered to the investor. As a result of the short-term nature of these derivative contracts, the fair value of the mortgage loans held for sale in most cases is the same as the value of the loan amount at its origination. These loans are classified as Level 2.

Impaired Loans

The Company does not record loans held for investment at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established as necessary. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement are considered impaired. Once a loan is identified as impaired, management measures the impairment by determining the fair value of the collateral for the loan.

Fair value is estimated using one of the following methods: fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, discounted cash flows, or market value of the loan based on similar debt. The fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell is the most frequently used method. Typically, the Company reviews the most recent appraisal and if it is over 24 months old will request a new third party appraisal. Depending on the particular circumstances surrounding the loan, including the location of the collateral, the date of the most recent appraisal and the value of the collateral relative to the recorded investment in the loan, management may order an independent appraisal immediately or, in some instances, may elect to perform an internal analysis. Specifically as an example, in situations where the collateral on a nonperforming commercial real estate loan is out of the Company’s primary market area, management would typically order an independent appraisal immediately, at the earlier of the date the loan becomes nonperforming or immediately following the determination that the loan is impaired. However, as a second example, on a nonperforming commercial real estate loan where management is familiar with the property and surrounding areas and where the original appraisal value far exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, management may perform an internal analysis whereby the previous appraisal value would be reviewed and adjusted for current conditions including recent sales of similar properties in the area and any other relevant economic trends. These valuations are reviewed at a minimum on a quarterly basis.

Those impaired loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of the expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investments in such loans. At September 30, 2018, our impaired loans were generally evaluated based on the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral require classification in the fair value hierarchy. The Company records impaired loans as nonrecurring Level 3. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $12.6 million and $8.4 million, respectively.

Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed assets are adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. Foreclosed assets are recorded as nonrecurring Level 3.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Continued

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Student Loan Pools	$	—	$	12,981,539	$	—	$	—	$	8,521,785	$	—
SBA Bonds	—		117,225,060		—		—		124,248,444		—
Tax Exempt Municipal Bonds	—		60,481,254		—		—		62,355,567		—
Taxable Municipal Bonds	—		2,940,635		—		—		1,997,130		—
Mortgage-Backed Securities	—		179,880,455		—		—		187,695,980		—
State Tax Credit	—		88,350		—		—		—		—
Equity Securities	—		155,000		—		—		155,000		—
Total	$	—	$	373,752,293	$	—	$	—	$	384,973,906	$	—

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The tables below present assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall.



	September 30, 2018
Assets:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale	$	—	$	737,098	$	—	$	737,098
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		12,595,869		12,595,869
Foreclosed Assets	—		—		858,242		858,242
Total	$	—	$	737,098	$	13,454,111	$	14,191,209



	December 31, 2017
Assets:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Mortgage Loans Held For Sale	$	—	$	3,051,950	$	—	$	3,051,950
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		8,442,306		8,442,306
Foreclosed Assets	—		—		1,115,671		1,115,671
Total	$	—	$	3,051,950	$	9,557,977	$	12,609,927

^{(1) IMPAIRED LOANS ABOVE ARE REPORTED NET OF SPECIFIC RESERVES. THERE WERE}^no^{SPECIFIC RESRVES AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 AND DECEMBER 31, 2017.}^no

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis at September 30, 2018, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:



			Valuation	Significant
Level 3 Assets	Fair Value		Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range
Collateral Dependent Impaired Loans	$	12,595,869	Appraised Value	Discount Rates/ Discounts to Appraised Values	7% - 97%
Foreclosed Assets	$	858,242	Appraised Value/Comparable Sales	Discount Rates/ Discounts to Appraised Values	13% - 100%

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Continued

The following methods are used to determine the fair value of assets and liabilities not presented on the balance sheet at fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value. All mature within 90 days and do not present unanticipated credit concerns.

Certificates of Deposit with Other Banks—Fair value is based on market prices for similar assets.

Investment Securities Held to Maturity—Securities held to maturity are valued at quoted market prices or dealer quotes.

Loans Receivable, Net—As of September 30, 2018, the technique used by the Company to estimate the exit price of the loan portfolio consists of similar procedures to those used as of December 31, 2017, but with added emphasis on both illiquidity risk and credit risk not captured by the previously applied entry price notion. The fair value of the Company’s loan portfolio has always included a credit risk assumption in the determination of the fair value of its loans. This credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The Company’s loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach. The Company divides its loan portfolio into the following categories: commercial real estate, other commercial, residential real estate, consumer and all other loans. The results are then adjusted to account for credit risk as described above. However, under the new guidance, the Company believes a further credit risk discount must be applied through the use of a discounted cash flow model to compensate for illiquidity risk, based on certain assumptions included within the discounted cash flow model, primarily the use of discount rates that better capture inherent credit risk over the lifetime of a loan. This consideration of enhanced credit risk provides an estimated exit price for the Company’s loan portfolio. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values approximate carrying values.

As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of the Company’s loan portfolio included a credit risk assumption in the determination of the fair value of its loans. This credit risk assumption was intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The Company’s loan portfolio was initially fair valued using a segmented approach, as described above. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and have no significant change in credit risk, fair values approximate carrying values. For other loans, fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow models, using current market interest rates offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The values derived from the discounted cash flow approach for each of the above portfolios were then further discounted to incorporate credit risk. The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of loans do not necessarily represent an exit price as of December 31, 2017.

FHLB Stock—The fair value approximates the carrying value. No ready market exists for this stock, and it has no quoted market value; however, redemption of this stock has historically been at par value. Accordingly, par value is deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Deposits—The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and money market accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

FHLB Advances—Fair value is estimated based on discounted cash flows using current market rates for advances with similar terms.

Other Borrowed Money—The carrying value of these short term borrowings approximates fair value.

Note Payable—The carrying value of the note payable approximates fair value.

Senior Convertible Debentures— The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar debenture offerings with similar terms and maturities would be issued by similar institutions. As discount rates are based on current debenture rates as well as management estimates, the fair values presented may not be indicative of the value negotiated in an actual sale.

Junior Subordinated Debentures—The carrying value of junior subordinated debentures approximates fair value.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Continued

The following tables provide a summary of the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 presented in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance.



	September 30, 2018
	Carrying		Fair Value
(In Thousands)	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	20,110	$	20,110	$	20,110	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks	1,950		1,950		—		1,950		—
Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities	396,044		395,452		—		395,452		—
Loans Receivable, Net	423,980		414,125		—		—		414,125
FHLB Stock	2,486		2,486		2,486		—		—

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	511,154	$	511,154	$	511,154	$	—	$	—
Certificate Accounts	239,844		236,693		—		236,693		—
Advances from FHLB	39,000		38,602		—		38,602		—
Other Borrowed Money	12,652		12,652		12,652		—		—
Note Payable	3,900		3,900		—		3,900		—
Senior Convertible Debentures	6,064		6,064		—		6,064		—
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		5,155		—		5,155		—



	December 31, 2017
	Carrying		Fair Value
(In Thousands)	Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	10,320	$	10,320	$	10,320	$	—	$	—
Certificates of Deposits with Other Banks	1,950		1,950		—		1,950		—
Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities	412,055		412,029		—		412,029		—
Loans Receivable, Net	390,493		386,613		—		—		386,613
FHLB Stock	2,932		2,932		2,932		—		—

Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Checking, Savings & Money Market Accounts	$	472,015	$	472,015	$	472,015	$	—	$	—
Certificate Accounts	230,092		227,949		—		227,949		—
Advances from FHLB	51,680		51,318		—		51,318		—
Other Borrowed Money	11,307		11,307		11,307		—		—
Note Payable	8,500		8,500		—		8,500		—
Senior Convertible Debentures	6,064		6,064		—		6,064		—
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		5,155		—		5,155		—

At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $86.2 million in off-balance sheet financial commitments. These commitments are to originate loans and unused consumer lines of credit and credit card lines. Because these obligations are based on current market rates, if funded, the original principal amount is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value. Fair value estimates are made on a specific date, based on relevant market data and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale the Bank’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Carrying Amounts and Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Continued

Because no active market exists for a significant portion of the Bank’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, current interest rates and prepayment trends, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in any of these assumptions used in calculating fair value would also significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. For example, the Bank has significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities including deposit franchise values, loan servicing portfolios, deferred tax liabilities, and premises and equipment.

In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates. The Company has used management’s best estimate of fair value on the above assumptions. Thus, the fair values presented may not be the amounts, which could be realized, in an immediate sale or settlement of the instrument. In addition, any income taxes or other expenses that would be incurred in an actual sale or settlement are not taken into consideration in the fair value presented.

11. Accounting and Reporting Changes

The following is a summary of recent authoritative pronouncements that could affect accounting, reporting, and disclosure of financial information by the Company:

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance to change the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers. The core principle of the new guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to reflect the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount equal to the consideration the entity receives or expects to receive. The guidance was effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and had no significant impact on financial reporting. The Company's revenue is comprised of net interest income and noninterest income. The scope of the guidance explicitly excludes net interest income as well as many other revenues for financial assets and liabilities including loans, leases, securities, and derivatives. Accordingly, the majority of the Company’s revenues were not affected. The Company has performed an assessment of revenue contracts related to revenue streams that are within the scope of the standard. The accounting policies have not changed since the principles of revenue recognition from the Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") are consistent with existing guidance and current practices applied by our businesses. We have not identified material changes to the timing or amount of revenue recognition nor have we identified significant changes in disclosures. For further discussion of this topic, see Note 12 of this report.

In January 2016, the FASB amended the Financial Instruments topic of the ASC to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company applied the guidance by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The amendments require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. In addition, the amendments require an entity to disclose the fair value of financial instruments using the exit price notion. Exit price is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company has used the exit price notion in the fair value disclosure of financial instruments in Note 10 of this report. These amendments did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB amended the Leases topic of the ASC to revise certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leasing transactions. In July 2018, the FASB further amended the Leases Topic of the ASC to make narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new leases standard. The amendments also give entities another additional and optional method for transition to the new guidance and to provide lessors with a practical expedient. The amendments will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The effect of the adoption will depend on leases at time of adoption. Once adopted, we expect to report higher assets and liabilities as a result of including right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to certain banking offices and certain equipment under noncancelable operating lease agreements, however, based on current leases the adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

11. Accounting and Reporting Changes, Continued

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance to change the accounting for credit losses and modify the impairment model for certain debt securities. The guidance significantly changes the impairment model for most financial assets that are measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments from an incurred loss model to an expected loss model. The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for all entities beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is in the process of identifying required changes to the loan loss estimation models and processes and evaluating the impact of this new guidance. Once adopted, we expect our allowance for loan losses to increase, however, until our evaluation is complete the magnitude of the increase will be unknown.

In August 2016, the FASB amended the Statement of Cash Flows topic of the ASC to clarify how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments were effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. These amendments did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance on Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The guidance shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. The amendments will be effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB amended the requirements in the Compensation-Stock Compensation topic of the ASC related to changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The amendments provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. The amendments were effective for the Company for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company has not had any modifications on share-based payment awards and therefore adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, FASB issued guidance on, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This guidance was issued to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings from stranded tax effects resulting from the revaluation of deferred tax assets to the new federal corporate income tax rate of 21% as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company elected to early adopt in January 2018 and will apply the provisions retrospectively within its consolidated balance sheets and statements of shareholders' equity. This adoption resulted in a one-time reclassification of the effect of remeasuring deferred tax liabilities related to items, primarily unrealized gains and losses on investments, within AOCI to retained earnings resulting from the change in the U.S. corporate income tax rate. This reclassification resulted in a decrease to AOCI and an increase to retained earnings in the amount of $611,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, with no net impact to total stockholders' equity.

In March 2018, FASB issued guidance on the income tax accounting implications of the Tax Act, and allows for entities to report provisional amounts for specific income tax effects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under Topic 740 was not yet complete but a reasonable estimate could be determined. A measurement period of one-year is allowed to complete the accounting effects under Topic 740 and revise any previous estimates reported. Any provisional amounts or subsequent adjustments included in an entity’s financial statements during the measurement period should be included in income from continuing operations as an adjustment to tax expense in the reporting period the amounts are determined. The Company adopted this ASU with the provisional adjustments as reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not incur any adjustments to the provisional recognition.

In June 2018, the FASB amended the Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The amendments expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. Previously, these awards were recorded at the fair value of consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued and was measured as the earlier of the commitment date or date performance was completed. The guidance requires the awards to be measured at the grant-date fair value of the equity instrument. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity's adoption of Topic 606. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

11. Accounting and Reporting Changes, Continued

In August 2018, the FASB amended the Fair Value Measurement Topic of the ASC to remove, modify, and add certain fair value disclosure requirements based on the concepts in the FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting-Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements. The amendments will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting authorities are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

12. Non-Interest Income

The Company adopted the provisions of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), on January 1, 2018 and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 606. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with Topic 605. The following table presents the Company's non-interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606 is recognized in non-interest income, with the exception of gains on the sale of OREO, which are included in non-interest expense when applicable.



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Non-interest income:
Service fees on deposit accounts	$	262,821	$	274,717	$	770,493	$	776,469
Check card fee income	320,708		282,686		966,365		838,302
Trust income	249,000		186,000		725,000		554,000
Insurance commissions ⁽¹⁾	196,817		172,074		525,153		451,311
Gain on sale of investment securities, net ⁽¹⁾	—		79,363		436,304		707,902
Gain on sale of loans, net⁽¹⁾	345,396		373,636		999,045		894,053
BOLI income ⁽¹⁾	135,000		788,133		405,000		1,028,133
Grant income ⁽¹⁾	318,102		—		318,102		—
Other non-interest income ⁽¹⁾	241,837		205,524		712,785		542,250
Total non-interest income	$	2,069,681	$	2,362,133	$	5,858,247	$	5,792,420
⁽¹⁾ Not within the scope of ASC 606

The Company recognizes revenue as it is earned and noted no impact to its revenue recognition policies as a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The following is a discussion of key revenues within the scope of the new revenue guidance.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with Topic 606, revenues are recognized when control of promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of Topic 606, the Company assesses the goods or services that are promised within each contract and identifies those that contain performance obligations, and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

12. Non-Interest Income, Continued

Deposit Fees

The Bank earns fees from its deposit customers for account maintenance, transaction-based and overdraft services. Account maintenance fees consist primarily of account fees and analyzed account fees charged on deposit accounts on a monthly basis. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are recognized on a monthly basis as the service period is completed. Transaction-based fees on deposits accounts are charged to deposit customers for specific services provided to the customer, such as non-sufficient funds fees, overdraft fees, and wire fees. The performance obligation is completed as the transaction occurs and the fees are recognized at the time each specific service is provided to the customer.

Check Card Fee Income

Check card fee income represents fees earned when a debit card issued by the Bank is used. The Bank earns interchange fees from debit cardholder transactions through the Mastercard payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are earned when the cost of the transaction is charged to the card. Certain expenses directly associated with the debit card are recorded on a net basis with the fee income.

Trust Income

Trust income includes monthly advisory fees that are based on assets under management and certain transaction fees that are assessed and earned monthly, concurrently with the investment management services provided to the customer. The Bank does not charge performance based fees for its trust services and does not currently have any institutional clients, hedge funds or mutual funds. Although trust income is included within the scope of ASC 606, based on the fees charged by the Bank, the Company does not anticipate any changes in the accounting for trust income at this time.

Gains/Losses on OREO Sales

Gains/losses on the sale of OREO are included in non-interest expense and are generally recognized when the performance obligation is complete. This is typically at delivery of control over the property to the buyer at the time of each real estate closing.

13. Subsequent Events

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Nonrecognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date.

Management has reviewed all events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued and determined that there were no subsequent events requiring disclosure.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements and “Safe Harbor” statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

Certain matters discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, are based on certain assumptions and are generally identified by use of the words "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "forecasts," "intends," "plans," "targets," "potentially," "probably," "projects," "outlook" or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as "may," "will," "should," "would" and "could." Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about, among other things, expectations of the business environment in which we operate, projections of future performance or financial items, perceived opportunities in the market, potential future credit experience, and statements regarding our mission and vision. These forward-looking statements are based upon current management expectations and may, therefore, involve risk and uncertainties. Our actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those suggested, expressed, or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of a wide variety or range of factors, including, but not limited to:

•

the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses that may be affected by deterioration in the housing and commercial real estate markets which may lead to increased losses and non-performing assets in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to materially increase our allowance for loan losses;


•	changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas;


•	changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;


•	fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes, land and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;


•	secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to sell loans in the secondary market;

•

results of examinations of the Company by the Federal Reserve and our bank subsidiary by the FDIC and the South Carolina State Board of Financial Institutions, or other regulatory authorities, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, require us to increase our reserve for loan losses, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;


•	legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including the effect of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; changes in regulatory policies and principles, or the interpretation of regulatory capital requirements or other rules, including as a result of Basel III;


•	our ability to attract and retain deposits;


•	increases in premiums for deposit insurance;


•	our ability to control operating costs and expenses;


•	our ability to implement our business strategies;


•	the use of estimates in determining the fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;


•	difficulties in reducing risks associated with the loans on our balance sheet;


•	staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our workforce and potential associated charges;


•	disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing;


•	our ability to retain key members of our senior management team;


•	costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments;


•	our ability to manage loan delinquency rates;


•	increased competitive pressures among financial services companies;


•	changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


•	the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions;


•	our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;


•	adverse changes in the securities markets;


•	inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;


•	changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the FASB, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; and


•	other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services and the other risks described elsewhere in this document.

Some of these and other factors are discussed in the Company's 2017 Form 10-K under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Such developments could have an adverse impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Any of the forward-looking statements that we make in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and in other public reports and statements we make may turn out to be inaccurate as a result of our beliefs and assumptions we make in connection with the factors set forth above or because of other unidentified and unpredictable factors. Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements and you should not rely on such statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to publish revised forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances after the date hereof. These risks could cause our actual results for 2018 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by or on behalf of us, and could negatively affect the Company’s consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations, liquidity and stock price performance.

Financial Condition at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017

Assets

Total assets increased $33.4 million or 3.8% to $902.2 million at September 30, 2018 from $868.8 million at December 31, 2017. Changes in total assets were primarily concentrated in the following asset categories:



					Increase (Decrease)
	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		Amount			Percent
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	20,109,901	$	10,319,624	$	9,790,277		94.9%
Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities – AFS	373,752,293		384,973,906		(11,221,613		)	(2.9)
Investment and Mortgage-Backed Securities – HTM	22,292,027		27,080,970		(4,788,943		)	(17.7)
Loans Receivable, Net	423,979,788		390,493,197		33,486,591			8.6
OREO	858,242		1,115,671		(257,429		)	(23.1)
Premises and Equipment, Net	24,060,662		22,797,844		1,262,818			5.5
FHLB Stock	2,485,700		2,931,900		(446,200		)	(15.2)
BOLI	21,102,893		18,797,893		2,305,000			12.3
Other Assets	6,918,380		3,795,212		3,123,168			82.3

Cash and cash equivalents increased $9.8 million or 94.9% to $20.1 million at September 30, 2018 from $10.3 million at December 31, 2017. The majority of this increase relates to the Bank's investment of $8.0 million in deposits through the Insured Cash Sweep or ICS service at September 30, 2018 compared to none at December 31, 2017.

Investment and mortgage-backed securities AFS decreased $11.2 million or 2.9% to $373.8 million at September 30, 2018 from $385.0 million at December 31, 2017 as a result of maturities, principal paydowns, and investments sold. Investment and mortgage-backed securities HTM decreased $4.8 million or 17.7% to $22.3 million at September 30, 2018 from $27.1 million at December 31, 2017 as a result of maturities and principal paydowns.

Loans receivable, net, including loans held for sale, increased $33.5 million or 8.6% to $424.0 million at September 30, 2018 from $390.5 million at December 31, 2017 as a result of increased loan originations in all loan categories with the exception of loans

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

held for sale, which decreased $2.3 million or 75.8% to $737,000 at September 30, 2018 from $3.1 million at December 31, 2017. Consumer loans increased $1.2 million or 2.1% to $58.0 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $56.8 million at December 31, 2017. Commercial business loans increased $630,000 or 2.4% to $27.4 million at September 30, 2018 from $26.8 million at December 31, 2017 and commercial real estate loans increased $29.8 million or 12.5% to $267.6 million at September 30, 2018 from $237.8 million at December 31, 2017. Residential real estate loans increased $3.9 million or 4.8% to $85.2 million at September 30, 2018 from $81.3 million at December 31, 2017.

OREO decreased $257,000 or 23.1% to $858,000 at September 30, 2018 from $1.1 million at December 31, 2017. The decrease was due to the sale of nine OREO properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, with a total book value of $517,000 offset slightly by the addition of five OREO properties with a book value of $304,000. At September 30, 2018, OREO consisted of the following real estate properties: three single-family residences, nine lots within residential subdivisions, and four parcels of commercial land located throughout our market areas in South Carolina.

FHLB stock decreased $446,000 or 15.2% to $2.5 million at September 30, 2018 from $2.9 million at December 31, 2017 as a result of stock redemptions by the FHLB of Atlanta. The Bank, as a member of the FHLB of Atlanta, is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the FHLB of Atlanta in an amount equal to a membership component, which is 0.09% of total assets, plus a transaction component, which is 4.25% of outstanding advances (borrowings) from the FHLB of Atlanta. As the Bank's total advances have decreased, so has its required investment in FHLB stock.

The cash value of BOLI increased $2.3 million or 12.3% to $21.1 million at September 30, 2018 from $18.8 million at December 31, 2017. The increase was a result of $1.9 million in new BOLI policies purchased in 2018 combined with $405,000 in income recognized during the period due to changes in the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. BOLI, which earns tax-free yields, is utilized to partially offset the cost of the Company’s employee benefits programs and to provide key person insurance on certain officers of the Company.

Other assets increased $3.1 million or 82.3% to $6.9 million at September 30, 2018 from $3.8 million at December 31, 2017. The increase was primarily the result of a $1.9 million increase in net deferred taxes, which was related to decreased unrealized gains in the investment portfolio. Delayed principal payments on investment and mortgage backed securities increased $839,000 to $2.7 million at September 30, 2018, which also contributed to the increase in other assets.

Liabilities

Deposit Accounts

Total deposits increased $48.9 million or 7.0% to $751.0 million at September 30, 2018 from $702.1 million at December 31, 2017. The majority of the growth was in checking and money market accounts which increased $19.6 million and $14.1 million, respectively during the first nine months of 2018. The balances, weighted average rates and increases and decreases in deposit accounts were as follows at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:



	September 30, 2018				December 31, 2017				Increase (Decrease)
	Balance		Weighted Rate		Balance		Weighted Rate		Amount			Percent
Demand Accounts:
Checking	$	217,072,804	0.02	%	$	197,434,385	0.04	%	$	19,638,419		9.9%
Money Market	245,759,003		0.52		231,652,920		0.28		14,106,083			6.1
Savings	48,322,423		0.13		42,927,311		0.11		5,395,112			12.6
Total	$	511,154,230	0.27%		$	472,014,616	0.16%		$	39,139,614		8.3%
Certificate Accounts
0.00 – 0.99%	$	85,976,527			$	129,354,569			$	(43,378,042	)	(33.5)%
1.00 – 1.99%	117,231,641				99,627,750				17,603,891			17.7
2.00 – 2.99%	36,635,911				1,109,684				35,526,227			3,201.5
Total	$	239,844,079	1.27%		$	230,092,003	0.90%		$	9,752,076		4.2%
Total Deposits	$	750,998,309	0.59%		$	702,106,619	0.41%		$	48,891,690		7.0%

Included in certificate accounts were $36.0 million and $24.4 million in brokered deposits at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, with a weighted average interest rate of 1.85% and 1.23%, respectively.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Advances From FHLB

FHLB advances are summarized by contractual year of maturity and weighted average interest rate in the table below:



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017			Increase (Decrease)
Year Due:	Balance		Rate	Balance		Rate	Balance			Percent
2018	$	8,000,000	1.07%	$	23,680,000	1.22%	$	(15,680,000	)	(66.2)%
2019	20,500,000		1.39	20,500,000		1.39	—			—
2020	10,500,000		1.91	7,500,000		1.58	3,000,000			40.0
Total Advances	$	39,000,000	1.46%	$	51,680,000	1.34%	$	(12,680,000	)	(24.5)%

Advances are secured by a blanket collateral agreement with the FHLB pledging the Bank’s portfolio of residential first mortgage loans and investment securities with an amortized cost and fair value of $80.6 million and $72.8 million, respectively, at September 30, 2018 and $73.0 million and $66.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017.

There were no callable FHLB advances at September 30, 2018. Callable advances are callable at the option of the FHLB. If an advance is called, the Bank has the option to pay off the advance without penalty, re-borrow funds on different terms, or convert the advance to a three-month floating rate advance tied to LIBOR.

Other Borrowings

The Bank had $12.7 million in other borrowings (non-FHLB advances) at September 30, 2018, an increase of $1.3 million or 11.9% from $11.3 million at December 31, 2017. These borrowings consist of short-term repurchase agreements with certain commercial demand deposit customers for sweep accounts. The repurchase agreements typically mature within one to three days and the interest rate paid on these borrowings floats monthly with money market type rates. The interest rate paid on the repurchase agreements was 0.25% at September 30, 2018 compared to 0.15% at December 31, 2017.

The Bank had pledged as collateral for these repurchase agreements investment and mortgage-backed securities with amortized costs and fair values of $17.2 million and $17.1 million, respectively, at September 30, 2018 and $16.2 million and $16.5 million, respectively, at December 31, 2017.

Note Payable

On October 31, 2016, the Company repurchased all 22,000 shares of its Series B Preferred Stock from the United States Department of the Treasury ("Treasury") for $21.4 million. In connection with the funding of this repurchase, the Company obtained a $14.0 million unsecured term loan from another financial institution. The loan accrues and pays interest quarterly at a floating rate of the Wall Street Journal Prime index minus 30 basis points, which was equal to 4.70% at September 30, 2018. The unpaid principal balance is payable in 11 consecutive quarterly payments of $437,500 each, with a balloon payment equal to the entire remaining principal balance due on October 1, 2019. At September 30, 2018, the remaining principal balance on the loan was $3.9 million.

The note has the following covenants with which the Bank must maintain compliance: the Bank must maintain a "Well Capitalized" rating in accordance with regulatory standards, a Risk-Based Capital Ratio of not less than 12.00%, a “Modified” Texas Ratio of not more than 30.00%, and an annual return on assets of at least 0.60%. The Bank is also required to maintain a loan loss reserve an amount deemed adequate by all federal and state regulatory authorities. Management of the Bank reviews these covenants quarterly for compliance. At September 30, 2018, management believes that the Bank was in compliance with all of these covenants.

Junior Subordinated Debentures

On September 21, 2006, Security Federal Statutory Trust (the Trust), issued and sold fixed and floating rate capital securities of the Trust (the “Capital Securities”). The Trust used the net proceeds from the sale of the Capital Securities to purchase a like amount of junior subordinated debentures (the “Debentures”) of the Company which are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as junior subordinated debentures. The Capital Securities accrue and pay distributions at a floating rate of three month LIBOR plus 170 basis points annually which was equal to 4.03% at September 30, 2018. The distribution rate payable on the Capital Securities is cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears. The Capital Securities mature or are mandatorily redeemable upon maturity on December 15, 2036, or upon earlier optional redemption as provided in the indenture. The Company has the right to redeem the Capital Securities in whole or in part.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Convertible Debentures

Effective December 1, 2009, the Company issued $6.1 million in convertible senior debentures. The debentures will mature on December 1, 2029 and accrue interest at the rate of 8.0% per annum until maturity or earlier redemption or repayment. Interest on the debentures is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year and commenced on June 1, 2010. The debentures are convertible into the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $20 per share at the option of the holder at any time prior to maturity. The debentures are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company at any time on or after December 1, 2019, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the debentures to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of redemption. The debentures are unsecured general obligations of the Company ranking equal in right of payment to all of our present and future unsecured indebtedness that is not expressly subordinated.

Equity

Shareholders’ equity decreased $1.0 million or 1.3% to $76.9 million at September 30, 2018 from $77.9 million at December 31, 2017 primarily due to a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, which was partially offset by net income of $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, decreased $5.3 million or 180.6% to $(2.4) million at September 30, 2018 from $2.9 million at December 31, 2017 primarily due to $5.5 million of unrealized losses on securities available for sale, net of tax. The Board of Directors of the Company declared common stock dividends totaling $798,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Book value per common share was $26.03 at September 30, 2018 compared to $26.39 at December 31, 2017.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Three Month Periods Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

Net Income

Net income increased $205,000 or 10.8% to $2.1 million or $0.68 per diluted common share for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.9 million or $0.61 per diluted common share for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The increase in earnings was primarily due to an increase in net interest income and decrease in non-interest expense, which was partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased $422,000 or 6.3% to $7.1 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, compared to $6.7 million for the same period in 2017. During the quarter ended September 30, 2018, average interest earning assets increased $35.8 million or 4.5% to $834.2 million from $798.4 million for the same period in 2017. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $14.6 million or 2.1% to $715.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from $700.7 million for the comparable period in 2017. The Company's net interest margin was 3.43% for both the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company's net interest spread on a tax equivalent basis decreased three basis points to 3.32% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from 3.35% for the comparable period in 2017.

Interest Income

The following table compares detailed average balances, associated yields, and the resulting changes in interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Change in Average Balance			Increase (Decrease) in Interest Income
	2018				2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Yield⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Yield⁽¹⁾
Loans Receivable, Net	$	432,807	5.44	%	$	372,993	5.52	%	$	59,814		$	744
Mortgage-Backed Securities	195,986		2.76		206,353		2.47		$	(10,367	)	76
Investment Securities⁽²⁾	197,876		2.68		216,271		2.80		$	(18,395	)	(189)
Overnight Time and Certificates of Deposit	7,528		1.34		2,783		0.90		$	4,745		19
Total Interest-Earning Assets	$	834,197	4.12	%	$	798,400	3.98	%	$	35,797		$	650

⁽¹⁾ Annualized

⁽²⁾ Tax equivalent basis recognizes the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets and was calculated using an effective tax rate of 21% and 34% for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The tax equivalent adjustment relates to the tax exempt municipal bonds and was $84,573 and $188,924 for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Total tax equivalent interest income increased $650,000 or 8.2% to $8.6 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 compared to $7.9 million during the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily the result of a $35.8 million increase in average interest-earning assets combined with an increase of 14 basis points in the average yield on interest-earning assets. Total interest income on loans increased $744,000 or 14.4% to $5.9 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 from $5.1 million during the comparable period in 2017. The increase was the result of a $59.8 million or 16.0% increase in the average loan portfolio balance offset partially by a decrease of eight basis points in the average yield on loans. Interest income from MBS increased $76,000 or 6.0% to $1.4 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 due to an increase of 29 basis points in the average MBS portfolio yield. Tax equivalent interest income from investment securities decreased $189,000 or 12.5% to $1.3 million during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 due to an $18.4 million or 8.5% decrease in the average balance of the investment securities portfolio combined with a decrease of 12 basis points in the average yield on investment securities.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Interest Expense

The following table compares detailed average balances, cost of funds, and the resulting changes in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended September 30,								Change in Average Balance			Increase (Decrease) in Interest Expense
	2018				2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Cost⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Cost⁽¹⁾
Now and Money Market Accounts	$	360,644	0.36	%	$	343,898	0.18	%	$	16,746		$	174
Savings Accounts	48,570		0.12		41,551		0.10		7,019			3
Certificate Accounts	237,851		1.19		232,619		0.87		5,232			203
FHLB Advances and Other Borrowed Money	52,651		1.19		60,930		1.08		(8,279		)	(7		)
Note Payable	4,317		4.80		10,477		4.04		(6,160		)	(54		)
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		4.13		5,155		3.02		—			14
Senior Convertible Debentures	6,064		8.00		6,069		8.00		(5		)	—
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	$	715,252	0.80	%	$	700,699	0.63	%	$	14,553		$	333

⁽¹⁾ Annualized

Total interest expense increased $333,000 or 30.3% to $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.1 million for the same period in 2017. The increase was attributable to increases in interest rates paid and a $14.6 million or 2.1% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. Interest expense on deposits increased $380,000 or 57.1% to $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $666,000 for the same period in 2017. The increase was attributable to a 22 basis point increase in the average cost of deposit accounts combined with a $29.0 million or 4.7% increase in average interest-bearing deposits to $647.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $618.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Provision for Loan Losses

The amount of the provision is determined by management’s on-going monthly analysis of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The Company has policies and procedures in place for evaluating and monitoring the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio and for timely identification of potential problem loans including internal and external loan reviews. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is reviewed monthly by the Asset Classification Committee and quarterly by the Board of Directors.

Management’s monthly review of the adequacy of the allowance includes three main components. The first component is an analysis of loss potential in various homogeneous segments of the loan portfolio based on historical trends and the risk inherent in each loan category. Currently, management applies a four year historical loss ratio to each loan category to estimate the inherent loss in these pooled loans.

The second component of management’s monthly analysis is the specific review and evaluation of significant problem credits identified through the Company’s internal monitoring system. These loans are evaluated for impairment and recorded in accordance with accounting guidance. For each loan deemed impaired, management calculates a specific reserve for the amount in which the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the fair value. This estimate is based on a thorough analysis of the most probable source of repayment, which is typically liquidation of the collateral underlying the loan.

The third component is an analysis of changes in qualitative factors that may affect the portfolio, including but not limited to: relevant economic trends that could impact borrowers’ ability to repay, industry trends, changes in the volume and composition of the portfolio, credit concentrations, or lending policies and the experience and ability of the staff and Board of Directors. Management also reviews and incorporates certain ratios such as percentage of classified loans, average historical loan losses by loan category, delinquency percentages, and the assignment of percentage targets of reserves in each loan category when evaluating the allowance.

Once the analysis is completed, the three components are combined and compared to the allowance amount. Based on this, charges are made to the provision as needed.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The table below shows the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the quarters ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Beginning Balance	$	8,611,176	$	8,202,632
Provision for Loan Losses	150,000		100,000
Charge-offs	(172,492)		(259,438)
Recoveries	13,394		125,994
Net Charge-offs	(159,098)		(133,444)
Ending Balance	$	8,602,078	$	8,169,188
Allowance For Loan Losses as a % of Gross Loans Receivable, Held For Investment at the End of the Period	2.0%		2.1%
Allowance For Loan Losses as a % of Impaired Loans at the End of the Period	68.3%		82.6%
Impaired Loans	$	12,595,869	$	9,890,138
Gross Loans Receivable, Held For Investment ⁽¹⁾	$	431,844,768	$	382,610,246
Total Loans Receivable, Net	$	423,979,788	$	375,711,468

^{(1) TOTAL LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET OF DEFERRED FEES AND LOANS IN PROCESS.}

The Company had net charge-offs of $159,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 compared to net charge-offs of $133,000 for the comparable period in 2017. There was $150,000 provision for loan losses recorded during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 compared to $100,000 in provision expense during the third quarter of 2017. The provision for loan losses increased due to higher loan balances and nonperforming loans.

Our strategy is to work with our borrowers to reach acceptable payment plans while protecting our interests in the existing collateral. In the event an acceptable arrangement cannot be reached, we may need to acquire these properties through foreclosure or other means and subsequently sell, develop or liquidate them.

Management believes the allowance for loan losses is adequate based on its best estimates of the probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio, although there can be no guarantee these estimates will not be proven incorrect in the future. In addition, bank regulatory agencies may require additional provisions to the allowance for loan losses based on their judgments and estimates as part of their examination process. Because the allowance for loan losses is an estimate, there can be no guarantee that actual loan losses will not exceed the allowance for loan losses, or that additional increases in the allowance for loan losses will not be required in the future.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income decreased $292,000 or 12.4% to $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017. The following table summarizes the changes in non-interest income:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2018		2017		Amounts			Percent
Gain on Sale of Investment Securities	$	—	$	79,363	$	(79,363	)	(100.0	)%
Gain on Sale of Loans	345,396		373,636		(28,240		)	(7.6)
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts	262,821		274,717		(11,896		)	(4.3)
Commissions From Insurance Agency	196,817		172,074		24,743			14.4
BOLI Income	135,000		788,133		(653,133		)	(82.9)
Trust Income	249,000		186,000		63,000			33.9
Check Card Fee Income	320,708		282,686		38,022			13.5
Grant Income	318,102		—		318,102			100.0
Other	241,837		205,524		36,313			17.7
Total Non-Interest Income	$	2,069,681	$	2,362,133	$	(292,452	)	(12.4	)%

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-interest income decreased primarily due to a decrease in BOLI income. During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Bank recognized $654,000 in death benefits received in addition to $134,000 in income related to an increase in the cash surrender value of the policies. There were no death benefits received during the same period in 2018. This decrease was partially offset by $318,000 in grant income received from a Bank Enterprise Award grant from the United States Department of the Treasury during the third quarter of 2018 in recognition of the Company's continued commitment to community development in economically distressed areas. No grant income was received during the same period of 2017.

There were no investment securities sold during the third quarter of 2018; and therefore, no gain on sale of investment securities during the period compared to a net gain of $79,000 during the same quarter last year. Trust income increased $63,000 due to an increase in assets under management.

Non-Interest Expense

For the quarter ended September 30, 2018, non-interest expense decreased $152,000 or 2.3% to $6.4 million compared to $6.6 million for the same period in 2017. The following table summarizes the changes in non-interest expense:



	Three Months Ended September 30,					Increase (Decrease)
	2018			2017		Amounts			Percent
Compensation and Employee Benefits	$	4,032,245		$	3,872,102	$	160,143		4.1%
Occupancy	586,527			569,024		17,503			3.1
Advertising	181,663			120,033		61,630			51.3
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment	575,750			569,839		5,911			1.0
FDIC Insurance Premiums	72,837			64,518		8,319			12.9
Net (Benefit) Cost of Operation of OREO	(203,104		)	105,172		(308,276		)	(293.1)
Other	1,171,664			1,268,449		(96,785		)	(7.6)
Total Non-Interest Expense	$	6,417,582		$	6,569,137	$	(151,555	)	(2.3)%

Compensation and employee benefits expenses increased $160,000 or 4.1% to $4.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 compared to $3.9 million for the same period last year due to general annual cost of living increases combined with an increase in the number of full time equivalent employees.

The Company had a net benefit of $203,000 from the operation of OREO properties during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 compared to a net cost of $105,000 during the quarter ended September 30, 2017. This line item includes all expenses associated with OREO including write-down in value and gain or loss on sales incurred during each period. The Company recorded $240,000 in net gain on sales of OREO properties and write-downs of $6,000 during the third quarter of 2018 compared to net gain on sales of $5,000 and write-downs of $50,000 during the third quarter of 2017.

Other non-interest expenses decreased $97,000, or 7.6% to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.3 million for the same period in the prior year. Other expenses include legal, professional and consulting expenses, supplies and other miscellaneous expenses.

Provision For Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes increased $26,000 or 5.9% to $471,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 from $445,000 for the same period in 2017. Income before income taxes was $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $2.3 million for the same three month period in 2017. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate for the current quarter was 18.3% compared to 19.0% for the same quarter one year ago.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Results of Operations for the Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

Net Income

Net income increased $648,000 or 12.9% to $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 when compared to the same nine month period in 2017. The increase in earnings was primarily due to an increase in net interest income combined with a decrease in the provision for income tax expense. These items were partially offset by an increase in non-interest expense.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income increased $1.3 million or 7.0% to $20.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $19.1 million for the same period last year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, average interest earning assets increased $39.4 million or 5.0% to $821.3 million from $781.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Average interest-bearing liabilities also increased by $21.7 million or 3.2% to $709.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $687.9 million for the same period in 2017. The Company's net interest margin increased to 3.36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 3.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The net interest spread on a tax equivalent basis decreased two basis points to 3.26% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from 3.28% for the comparable period in 2017.

Interest Income

The following table compares detailed average balances, associated yields, and the resulting changes in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change in Average Balance			Increase (Decrease) in Interest Income
	2018				2017
(Dollars in Thousands)	Average Balance		Yield⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Yield⁽¹⁾
Loans Receivable, Net	$	421,795	5.36	%	$	363,918	5.44	%	$	57,877		$	2,116
Mortgage-Backed Securities	198,421		2.65		203,907		2.32		$	(5,486	)	391
Investment Securities⁽²⁾	196,191		2.45		207,925		2.74		$	(11,734	)	(670)
Overnight Time & Certificates of Deposit	4,882		1.16		6,177		0.75		$	(1,295	)	8
Total Interest-Earning Assets	$	821,289	3.95	%	$	781,927	3.87	%	$	39,362		$	1,845

⁽¹⁾ Annualized

⁽²⁾ Tax equivalent basis recognizes the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets and was calculated using an effective tax rate of 21% and 34% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The tax equivalent adjustment relates to the tax exempt municipal bonds and was $252,950 and $550,269 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Total tax equivalent interest income increased $1.8 million or 8.1% to $24.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $22.7 million for the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily the result of a $39.4 million or 5.0% increase in average interest earning assets combined with an increase of eight basis points in the average yield on interest-earning assets. Total interest income on loans increased $2.1 million or 14.3% to $17.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $14.8 million for the same period in 2017. The increase was a result of a $57.9 million or 15.9% increase in the average loan portfolio to $421.8 million from $363.9 million for the same period in 2017, which was partially offset by a decrease of eight basis points in the average yield on loans. Interest income from mortgage-backed securities increased $391,000 or 11.0% to $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $3.6 million for the same period in 2017. The increase was the result of an increase of 33 basis points in the average MBS portfolio yield, which was partially offset by a $5.5 million or 2.7% decrease in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities. Tax equivalent interest income from investment securities decreased $670,000 or 15.6% to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $4.3 million for the same period in 2017 due to a $11.7 million decrease in the average balance of investment securities combined with a decrease of 29 basis points in the average yield on investment securities.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Interest Expense

The following table compares detailed average balances, cost of funds, and the resulting changes in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:




	Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change in Average Balance			Increase (Decrease) in Interest Expense
	2018				2017
(Dollars in Thousands)	Average Balance		Yield⁽¹⁾		Average Balance		Yield⁽¹⁾
Now and Money Market Accounts	$	354,309	0.29%		$	340,876	0.17	%	$	13,433		$	349
Statement Savings Accounts	46,216		0.11		39,796		0.10		6,420			8
Certificates Accounts	233,486		1.06		227,674		0.82		5,812			454
FHLB Advances and Other Borrowed Money	58,660		1.17		56,486		0.97		2,174			103
Note Payable	5,709		4.46		11,809		3.71		(6,100		)	(138		)
Junior Subordinated Debentures	5,155		3.81		5,155		2.87		—			36
Senior Convertible Debentures	6,064		8.00		6,079		8.00		(15		)	(1		)
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	$	709,599	0.73	%	$	687,875	0.60	%	$	21,724		$	812

⁽¹⁾ Annualized

Interest expense increased $812,000 or 26.4% to $3.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $3.1 million for the same period in 2017. The increase in total interest expense was attributable to increases in interest rates paid combined with a $21.7 million or 3.2% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. Interest expense on deposits increased $811,000 or 43.7% to $2.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.9 million for the same period last year. The increase was attributable to an increase of 15 basis points in the average cost of deposit accounts combined with a $25.7 million or 4.2% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits to $634.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $608.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings increased $103,000 or 25.2% to $513,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $410,000 during the same period in 2017 due to an increase of 20 basis points in the average cost combined with a $2.2 million or 3.8% increase in the average balance of FHLB advances and other borrowed money to $58.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $56.5 million for the same period last year.

Provision for Loan Losses

There was $150,000 in provision for loan losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $100,000 for the same period in 2017. The provision for loan losses increased due to higher loan balances and nonperforming loans. The Company had net recoveries of $230,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to net charge-offs of $287,000 during the comparable period in 2017. The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Beginning Balance	$	8,221,618	$	8,356,231
Provision for Loan Losses	150,000		100,000
Charge-offs	(319,856)		(514,685)
Recoveries	550,316		227,642
Net Recoveries (Charge-offs)	230,460		(287,043)
Ending Balance	$	8,602,078	$	8,169,188

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income decreased $66,000 or 1.1% to $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The following table summarizes the changes in the components of non-interest income:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2018		2017		Amounts			Percent
Gain on Sale of Investment Securities	$	436,304	$	707,902	$	(271,598	)	(38.4	)%
Gain on Sale of Loans	999,045		894,053		104,992			11.7
Service Fees on Deposit Accounts	770,493		776,469		(5,976		)	(0.8	)
BOLI Income	405,000		1,028,133		(623,133		)	(60.6	)
Commissions From Insurance Agency	525,153		451,311		73,842			16.4
Trust Income	725,000		554,000		171,000			30.9
Check Card Fee Income	966,365		838,302		128,063			15.3
Grant Income	318,102		—		318,102			100.0
Other	712,785		542,250		170,535			31.4
Total Non-Interest Income	$	5,858,247	$	5,792,420	$	65,827		1.1	%

Net gain on sale of investment securities was $436,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $272,000 or 38.4% compared to a net gain of $708,000 during the same period last year. The Company sold 23 investment securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 36 investment securities sold during the same period last year. Gain on sale of loans increased $105,000 or 11.7% to $999,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $894,000 during the same period in 2017 as the dollar volume of loans sold increased due to the increase in originations of loans held for sale.

BOLI income decreased $623,000 or 60.6% to $405,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $1.0 million for the same period in 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Bank recognized $654,000 in death benefits received in addition to $374,000 in income related to accrued interest credited to the cash surrender value underlying the BOLI policies. The Company did not receive any death benefit proceeds during 2018; all BOLI income recognized was related to changes in the cash surrender value of the policies.

As discussed above, the Company received $318,000 in grant income during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to none in the same period last year.

Trust income increased $171,000 or 30.9% due to an increase in assets under management. Check card fee income increased $128,000 or 15.3% reflecting higher transaction volume. Other non-interest income increased $171,000.

Non-Interest Expense

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, non-interest expense increased $912,000 or 5.0% to $19.2 million compared to $18.3 million for the same period in 2017. The following table summarizes the changes in the components of non-interest expense:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Increase (Decrease)
	2018			2017			Amounts			Percent
Compensation and Employee Benefits	$	11,683,664		$	10,916,386		$	767,278		7.0	%
Occupancy	1,677,970			1,661,661			$	16,309		1.0
Advertising	455,753			391,742			$	64,011		16.3
Depreciation and Maintenance of Equipment	1,673,470			1,541,460			$	132,010		8.6
FDIC Insurance Premiums	206,218			168,707			$	37,511		22.2
Net Benefit of Operation of OREO	(362,864		)	(96,730		)	$	(266,134	)	275.1
Other	3,842,576			3,681,552			$	161,024		4.4
Total Non-Interest Expense	$	19,176,787		$	18,264,778		$	912,009		5.0	%

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Compensation and employee benefits expenses were $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $767,000 or 7.0% from $10.9 million during the same period last year. The increase was due to general annual cost of living increases combined with a slight increase in employees. The Company had an average of 221 full time equivalent employees during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to an average of 217 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The Company had a net benefit of $363,000 from the operation of OREO properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to a net benefit of $97,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The Company recorded $548,000 in net gain on sales of OREO properties and write-downs of $56,000 during the first nine months of 2018 compared to net gain on sales of $322,000 and write-downs of $68,000 during the same period in 2017.

Depreciation and maintenance of equipment increased $132,000 or 8.6% primarily due to additional capital expenses related to our two newest branches in Evans, Georgia and Ridge Spring, South Carolina.

Provision For Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes decreased $215,000 or 14.2% to $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 from $1.5 million for the same period in 2017 primarily due to the reduction in federal corporate income tax rates effective January 1, 2018. Income before taxes was $7.0 million and $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 18.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 23.2% for the same period in 2017.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Liquidity Commitments, Capital Resources, and Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

Liquidity

The Company actively analyzes and manages the Bank’s liquidity with the objective of maintaining an adequate level of liquidity and to ensure the availability of sufficient cash flows to support loan growth, fund deposit withdrawals, fund operations, and satisfy other financial commitments. See the “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows” contained in Item 1 – Financial Statements, herein.

The primary sources of funds are customer deposits, loan repayments, loan sales, maturing investment securities, and advances from the FHLB. The sources of funds, together with retained earnings and equity, are used to make loans, acquire investment securities and other assets, and fund continuing operations. While maturities and the scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage repayments are greatly influenced by the level of interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Management believes that the Company’s current liquidity position and its forecasted operating results are sufficient to fund all of its existing commitments.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 loan disbursements exceeded loan repayments resulting in a $33.5 million or 8.6% increase in total net loans receivable. Also during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, deposits increased $48.9 million or 7.0% and FHLB advances decreased $12.7 million or 24.5%. The Bank had $229.1 million in additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB at the end of the period. At September 30, 2018, the Bank had $153.5 million of certificates of deposit maturing within one year. Based on previous experience, the Bank anticipates a significant portion of these certificates will be renewed on maturity.

At September 30, 2018, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements with Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (CET1), Tier 1 leverage-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, and total risk-based capital ratios of 16.5%, 9.9%, 16.5%, and 17.8%, respectively. To be categorized as “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action provisions the Bank must maintain minimum CET1, total risk based capital, Tier 1 risk based capital and Tier 1 leverage capital ratios of 6.5%, 10.0%, 8.0% and 5.0%, respectively.

The Company also exceeded all regulatory capital requirements with CET1, Tier 1 leverage-based capital, Tier 1 risk- based capital and total risk-based capital ratios of 14.6%, 9.3%, 15.5%, and 16.8%, respectively, at September 30, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments generally include commitments to originate mortgage, commercial and consumer loans, and involve to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The Company’s maximum exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the borrower is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Since some commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Collateral is not required to support commitments.

The following table sets forth the length of time until maturity for unused commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit at September 30, 2018.



(Dollars in thousands)	One Month or Less		After One Through Three Months		After Three Through Twelve Months		Total Within One Year		Greater Than One Year		Total
Unused Lines of Credit	$	745	$	1,905	$	27,523	$	30,173	$	54,478	$	84,651
Standby Letters of Credit	—		—		1,545		1,545		—		1,545
Total	$	745	$	1,905	$	29,068	$	31,718	$	54,478	$	86,196

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The Company’s market risk arises principally from interest rate risk inherent in its lending, investment, deposit and borrowing activities. Management actively monitors and manages its interest rate risk exposure. Although the Company manages other risks such as credit quality and liquidity risk in the normal course of business, management considers interest rate risk to be its most significant market risk that could potentially have the largest material effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. Other types of market risks such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price do not arise in the normal course of the Company’s business activities.

The Company’s profitability is affected by fluctuations in the market interest rate. Management’s goal is to maintain a reasonable balance between exposure to interest rate fluctuations and earnings. A sudden and substantial increase or decrease in interest rates may adversely impact the Company’s earnings to the extent that the interest rates on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not change at the same rate, to the same extent or on the same basis. The Company monitors the impact of changes in interest rates on its net interest income using a test that measures the impact on net interest income and net portfolio value of an immediate change in interest rates in 100 basis point increments. Net portfolio value is defined as the net present value of assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet contracts.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Bank's interest rate spread, defined as the average yield on interest bearing assets less the average rate paid on interest bearing liabilities was 3.26%.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a - 15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”)) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and several other members of the Company’s senior management as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that at September 30, 2018 the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. There have been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all error and or fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part II: Other Information

Item 1 Legal Proceedings

The Company is not engaged in any legal proceedings of a material nature at the present time. From time to time, the Company is a party to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business wherein it enforces its security interest in mortgage loans it has made.

Item 1A Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use Of Proceeds

None

Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5 Other Information

None

Item 6 Exhibits



3.1		Articles of Incorporation, as amended (1)
3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws (2)
4.1		Form of Stock Certificate of the Company and other instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures (3)
4.2		Form of Indenture with respect to the Company's 8.0% Convertible Senior Debentures Due 2029 (4)
4.3		Specimen Convertible Senior Debenture Due 2029 (4)
10.1		1993 Salary Continuation Agreements (5)
10.2		Amendment One to 1993 Salary Continuation Agreements (6)
10.3		Form of 2006 Salary Continuation Agreement (7)
10.4		Form of Security Federal Split Dollar Agreement (7)
10.5		1999 Stock Option Plan (8)
10.6		2002 Stock Option Plan (9)
10.7		2006 Stock Option Plan (10)
10.8		2008 Equity Incentive Plan (11)
10.9		Forms of incentive stock option agreement and non-qualified stock option agreement pursuant to the 2006 Stock Option Plan (10)
10.10		2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (12)
10.11		Incentive Compensation Plan (5)

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101		The following materials from Security Federal Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (a) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (b) Consolidated Statements of Income; (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income; (d) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity; (e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (f) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

_____________


(1)	Filed on June 26, 1998, as an exhibit to the Company’s Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.


(2)	Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2015.


(3)	Filed on August 12, 1987, as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A and incorporated herein by reference.


(4)	Filed on July 13, 2009 as an exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-160553) and incorporated herein by reference.


(5)	Filed on June 28, 1993, as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB and incorporated herein by reference.


(6)	Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 1993 and incorporated herein by reference.


(7)	Filed on May 24, 2006 as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 18, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.


(8)	Filed on March 2, 2000, as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 and incorporated herein by reference


(9)	Filed on January 3, 2003, as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 and incorporated herein by reference.


(10)	Filed on August 22, 2006, as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration Statement No. 333-136813) and incorporated herein by reference.


(11)	Filed on November 12, 2008, as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8 and incorporated herein by reference.


(12)	Filed on March 28, 2018, as an exhibit to the Company’s Proxy Statement and incorporated herein by reference.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION



Date:	November 14, 2018	By:	/s/J. Chris Verenes
				J. Chris Verenes
				Chief Executive Officer
				Duly Authorized Representative



Date:	November 14, 2018	By:	/s/Jessica T. Cummins
				Jessica T. Cummins
				Chief Financial Officer
				Duly Authorized Representative

SECURITY FEDERAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

32 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

101 The following materials from Security Federal Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (a) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (b) Consolidated Statements of Income; (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income; (d) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity; (e) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (f) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements