SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the quarterly period ended	March 31, 2019

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from ____________________________ to __________________________

	Commission file number	0-5703

Siebert Financial Corp.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

New York		11-1796714
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

120 Wall Street, New York, NY 10005
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(212) 644-2400

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date: As of May 15, 2019, there were 27,157,188 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.

SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP.

INDEX

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION	1
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS	2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	3
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS	4
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	5
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	13
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	18
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	19
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	20
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	20
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS	20
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	22

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP. & SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,767,000	$	7,229,000
Receivables from clearing and other brokers		2,275,000		2,030,000
Receivable from related party		1,000,000		1,000,000
Receivable from lessors		—		171,000
Other receivables		96,000		96,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets		568,000		470,000
Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		992,000		468,000
Software, net		1,404,000		1,137,000
Lease right-of-use assets		2,257,000		—
Investment in related party		3,704,000		—
Deferred tax assets		5,486,000		5,576,000
	$	21,549,000	$	18,177,000

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	579,000	$	699,000
Due to clearing brokers and related parties		64,000		133,000
Income tax payable		196,000		—
Lease incentive obligation		—		171,000
Lease liabilities		2,530,000		—
		3,369,000		1,003,000

Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 49,000,000 shares authorized, 27,157,188 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018		271,000		271,000
Additional paid-in capital		7,641,000		7,641,000
Retained earnings		10,268,000		9,262,000
		18,180,000		17,174,000

	$	21,549,000	$	18,177,000

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP. & SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Revenue:
Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees	$	2,772,000	$	2,535,000
Commissions and fees		1,864,000		2,674,000
Principal transactions		1,610,000		2,941,000
Advisory fees		168,000		16,000
Interest		15,000		11,000
Total Revenue		6,429,000		8,177,000

Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits		2,835,000		3,662,000
Clearing fees, including execution costs		654,000		902,000
Professional fees		502,000		608,000
Other general and administrative		385,000		386,000
Technology and communications		247,000		234,000
Rent and occupancy		295,000		242,000
Depreciation and amortization		175,000		24,000
Advertising and promotion		—		13,000
Total Expenses		5,093,000		6,071,000

Income before provision for income tax and before earnings of equity method investment		1,336,000		2,106,000
Provision for income tax		369,000		413,000
Income before earnings of equity method investment		967,000		1,693,000

Earnings of equity method investment		39,000		—

Net income	$	1,006,000	$	1,693,000

Net income per share of common stock
Basic and diluted	$	0.04	$	0.06

Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic and diluted		27,157,188		27,157,188

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP. & SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

	Number of Shares		$.01 Par Value			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings / (Accumulated Deficit)				Total
Balance - December 31, 2017		27,157,188		$	271,000		$	7,641,000		$	(2,700,000	)		$	5,212,000
Net income		—			—			—			1,693,000				1,693,000
Balance - March 31, 2018		27,157,188		$	271,000		$	7,641,000		$	(1,007,000	)		$	6,905,000


	Number of Shares		$.01 Par Value			Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings				Total
Balance - December 31, 2018		27,157,188		$	271,000		$	7,641,000		$	9,262,000			$	17,174,000
Net income		—			—			—			1,006,000				1,006,000
Balance - March 31, 2019		27,157,188		$	271,000		$	7,641,000		$	10,268,000			$	18,180,000

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP. & SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	1,006,000		$	1,693,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Deferred tax expense		90,000			—
Depreciation and amortization		175,000			24,000
Earnings of equity method investment		(39,000	)		—

Changes in:
Securities owned, at fair value		—			(346,000	)
Receivables from clearing and other brokers		(245,000	)		(1,146,000	)
Receivable from related party		—			283,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(98,000	)		(149,000	)
Receivable from lessors		171,000			—
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(120,000	)		563,000
Due to clearing brokers and related parties		(69,000	)		330,000
Income tax payable		196,000			413,000
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,067,000			1,665,000

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Investment in related party		(3,665,000	)		—
Purchase of furniture, equipment, and leasehold improvements		(476,000	)		(46,000	)
Purchase of software		(388,000	)		—
Net cash used in investing activities		(4,529,000	)		(46,000	)

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		(3,462,000	)		1,619,000
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period		7,229,000			3,765,000
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$	3,767,000		$	5,384,000

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Initial recognition of lease right-of-use assets	$	2,257,000			—
Initial recognition of lease liabilities	$	2,530,000			—

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP. & SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Siebert Financial Corp., a New York corporation incorporated in 1934, is a holding company that conducts its retail discount brokerage business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Muriel Siebert & Co., Inc. (“MSCO”), a Delaware corporation and registered broker-dealer, its investment advisory business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Siebert AdvisorNXT, Inc. (“AdvisorNXT”), a New York corporation registered with the SEC as a Registered Investment Advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and its insurance business through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Park Wilshire Companies, Inc. (“PWC”), a Texas corporation and licensed insurance agency. It also conducts operations through a fourth subsidiary, KCA Technologies, LLC. (“KCAT”), a Nevada limited liability company and developer of robo-advisory technology. For purposes of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Siebert,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Siebert Financial Corp., MSCO, AdvisorNXT, PWC, and KCAT collectively, unless the context otherwise requires.

The Company is headquartered in New York, NY, with primary operations in New Jersey and California. The Company has offices throughout the United States of America (“U.S.”) and clients around the world. The Company’s SEC filings are available through the Company’s website at www.siebertnet.com, where investors are able to obtain copies of the Company’s public filings free of charge. The Company’s common stock (“Common Stock”), par value $.01 per share, trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SIEB.”

The Company primarily operates in the securities brokerage and asset management industry and has no other reportable segments. All of the Company's revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were derived from its operations in the U.S.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (GAAP) for interim financial information with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring entries) necessary to fairly present such interim results. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations which may be expected for a full year or any subsequent period. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Siebert and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and upon consolidation, all intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on previously reported net income or total assets or total liabilities.

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note 2 in the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to these accounting policies for the three months ended March 31, 2019 except as described in the sections “Equity Method Investment” and the “Note 2 – New Accounting Standards” below.

Equity Method Investments

Investments in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in the investment in related party asset in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Under this method of accounting, the Company’s share of the net earnings or losses of the investee is presented below the income tax line on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company evaluates its equity method investments whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an equity method investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period.

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2. New Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2016-02 – In February 2016, the FASB established Topic 842, Leases, by issuing Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize leases on-balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to recognize a lease right-of-use asset and lease liability on the statement of financial condition for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the statement of operations. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted the new standard on its effective date. A modified retrospective transition approach is required, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 and used the effective date as the date of initial application. Consequently, financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the Company recognized lease right-of-use assets of approximately $2.3 million and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $2.5 million. This accounting pronouncement had no material impact to the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients,” which permits the Company not to reassess under the new standard the Company’s prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company has not elected the hindsight practical expedient at transition.

The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, the Company will not recognize lease right-of-use assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing lease right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition.

3. Capital Requirements

MSCO is subject to the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1 or “Uniform Net Capital Rule”), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital. MSCO has elected to use the alternative method, permitted by the Uniform Net Capital Rule, which requires that MSCO maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equal to the greater of $250,000 or 2% of aggregate debit balances arising from customer transactions, as defined. The Uniform Net Capital Rule also provides that equity capital may not be withdrawn or cash dividends paid if the resulting net capital would be less than 5% of aggregate debits. As of March 31, 2019, MSCO had net capital of approximately $5.1 million, which was approximately $4.8 million in excess of required net capital of $250,000. As of December 31, 2018, MSCO had net capital of approximately $8.9 million, which was approximately $8.7 million in excess of required net capital of $250,000.

MSCO claims exemption from the reserve requirements under the SEC’s Rule 15c 3-3 pursuant to paragraph (k)(2)(ii) as it clears its customer transactions through one unaffiliated and one affiliated clearing firm on a fully disclosed basis.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are unrestricted and are used to fund working capital needs. The Company’s total assets as of March 31, 2019 were approximately $21.5 million, of which $3.8 million, or approximately 17%, is highly liquid. The Company’s total assets as of December 31, 2018 were approximately $18.2 million, of which $7.2 million, or approximately 40%, is highly liquid.

4. Receivables from and Payable to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations

The Company evaluates receivables from clearing organizations and other brokers for collectability noting no amount was considered uncollectable as of March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018. No valuation allowance is recognized for receivables from clearing and other brokers as the Company does not have a history of losses from receivables from clearing and other brokers and does not anticipate losses in the future.

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Amounts receivable from / payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations consisted of the following as of the periods indicated:

	As of March 31, 2019 (unaudited)		As of December 31, 2018
Receivables from clearing and other brokers
National Financial Services (“NFS”)	$	1,408,000	$	1,664,000
StockCross Financial Services, Inc. (“StockCross”)		708,000		310,000
Other receivables		117,000		31,000
Citibank		42,000		25,000
Total Receivables from clearing and other brokers	$	2,275,000	$	2,030,000

Receivable from related party
StockCross	$	1,000,000	$	1,000,000
Total Receivable from related party	$	1,000,000	$	1,000,000

Due to clearing brokers and related parties
Kennedy Cabot Acquisition, LLC (“KCA”)	$	33,000	$	—
StockCross		21,000		46,000
MSCO		10,000		29,000
NFS		—		58,000
Total Due to clearing brokers and related parties	$	64,000	$	133,000

5. Leases

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases” (Topic 842) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842. For the Company, Topic 842 affected the accounting treatment for operating lease agreements in which the Company is the lessee.

The Company rents office space under operating leases expiring in 2019 through 2024, and the Company has no financing leases. The leases call for base rent plus escalations as well as other operating expenses. The following table represents the Company’s lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The Company elected not to include short-term leases (i.e., leases with initial terms of twelve months or less), or equipment leases (deemed immaterial) on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

	As of March 31, 2019 (unaudited)			As of December 31, 2018
Assets
Lease right-of-use assets		$	2,257,000		—
Liabilities
Lease liabilities		$	2,530,000		—

The calculated amount of the lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the table above are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. As of March 31, 2019, the Company does not believe that any of the renewal options under the existing leases are reasonably certain to be exercised; however, the Company will continue to assess and monitor the lease renewal options on an ongoing basis. The Company also leases some miscellaneous office equipment, but they are immaterial and therefore the Company records the costs associated with this office equipment on the condensed consolidated statements of operations rather than capitalized as lease right-of-use assets. The Company determined a discount rate of 5.0% would approximate the Company’s cost to obtain financing given its size, growth, and risk profile.

Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted average remaining lease term – operating leases (in years)	4.3
Weighted average discount rate – operating leases	5.0	%

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The following table represents lease costs and other lease information. The Company elected to separate the lease and non-lease components, and as such, the variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	148,000
Short-term lease cost		130,000
Variable lease cost		17,000
Sublease income		—
Total lease cost	$	295,000

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	147,000

Lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	1,680,000

Lease Commitments

Future annual minimum payments for operating leases with initial terms of greater than one year as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

Year	Amount
2019	$	676,000
2020		891,000
2021		728,000
2022		489,000
2023		468,000
2024		39,000
Thereafter		—
Remaining balance of lease payments		3,291,000
Lease payments related to leases not commenced as of March 31, 2019		480,000
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows		304,000
Other reconciling items		(23,000	)
Lease liabilities	$	2,530,000

Rent and related operating expenses were $295,000 and $242,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had an operating lease agreement for an office space in Miami, FL with a term of 2 years. The total commitment of the lease is approximately $480,000 and the lease will commence on April 1, 2019.

6. Equity Method Investments

In January 2019, the Company purchased approximately 15% of StockCross’ outstanding shares. The number of shares purchased by the Company was 922,875 at a per share price of approximately $3.97. The Company’s ownership in StockCross is accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

In determining whether the investment in StockCross should be accounted for under the equity method of accounting, the Company leveraged the guidance under ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Although the Company maintains approximately 15% ownership interest in StockCross, the Company evaluated the positive evidence related to criteria such as common representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making processes, material intra-entity transactions, interchange of managerial personnel and technological interdependency of the Company and StockCross. Based on these criteria, the Company determined that it was able to exercise significant influence of StockCross, and therefore the equity method of accounting was used for this transaction.

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Under the equity method, the Company recognizes its share of StockCross’ net income in the earnings of equity method investment line item in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company has elected to classify distributions received from equity method investees using the cumulative earnings approach. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the amount of net income recognized from the Company’s investment in StockCross was approximately $39,000. This investment is reported in the investment in related party line item in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As of March 31, 2019, the carrying amount of the investment in StockCross was approximately $3,704,000.

The Company evaluates its equity method investments for impairment when events or changes indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, the Company will recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the expected realizable value and the carrying value of the investment. As of March 31, 2019, the fair value of the investment in StockCross is not estimated because there were no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment and thus, no impairment was recorded.

Below is a table showing illustrating the summary from the condensed consolidated statements of operations for StockCross for the period indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 (unaudited)
Revenue	$	4,014,000
Gross profit	$	285,000
Net income	$	246,000

7. Commitments, Contingencies, and Other

Legal and Regulatory Matters

The Company is party to certain claims, suits and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of the Company, all such matters are without merit, or involve amounts which would not have a significant effect on the financial statements of the Company.

General Contingencies

The Company is party to certain claims, suits and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all such matters are without merit, or involve amounts which would not have a significant effect on the financial statements of the Company.

In the normal course of its business, the Company indemnifies and guarantees certain service providers against specified potential losses in connection with their acting as an agent of, or providing services to, the Company. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnifications cannot be estimated. However, the Company believes that it is unlikely it will have to make material payments under these arrangements and has not recorded any contingent liability in the financial statements for these indemnifications.

The Company provides representations and warranties to counterparties in connection with a variety of commercial transactions and occasionally indemnifies them against potential losses caused by the breach of those representations and warranties. The Company may also provide standard indemnifications to some counterparties to protect them in the event additional taxes are owed or payments are withheld, due either to a change in or adverse application of certain tax laws. These indemnifications generally are standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of business. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnifications cannot be estimated. However, the Company believes that it is unlikely it will have to make material payments under these arrangements and has not recorded any contingent liability in the financial statements for these indemnifications.

The Company is self-insured with respect to employee health claims. The Company maintains stop-loss insurance for certain risks and has a health claim reinsurance limit capped at approximately $50,000 per employee. The estimated liability for self-insurance claims is initially recorded in the year in which the event of loss occurs, and may be subsequently adjusted based upon new information and cost estimates. Reserves for losses represent estimates of reported losses and estimates of incurred but not reported losses based on past and current experience. Actual claims paid and settled may differ, perhaps significantly, from the provision for losses. This adds uncertainty to the estimated reserves for losses. Accordingly, it is at least possible that the ultimate settlement of losses may vary significantly from the amounts included in the financial statements.

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As part of this plan, the Company recognized expenses totaling $289,000 and $240,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company had an accrual of $75,000 and $70,000 as of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represents the historical estimate of future claims to be recognized for claims incurred prior to March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company believes that its present insurance coverage and reserves are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures, but there can be no assurance that the Company will not incur liabilities in excess of recorded reserves or in excess of its insurance limits.

8. Revenue Recognition

The primary sources of revenue for the Company are as follows: revenue from contracts with customers which includes commissions and fees, principal transactions, and advisory fees as well as other income which includes margin interest, marketing, and distribution fees. The recognition and measurement of revenue is based on the assessment of individual contract terms. The amount of revenue recognized by the Company is based on the consideration specified in contracts with its clients. The Company recognizes revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied over time as the services are performed or at a point in time depending on the nature of the services provided as further discussed below. Significant judgment is required to determine whether performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time; how to allocate transaction prices where multiple performance obligations are identified; when to recognize revenue based on the appropriate measure of the Company’s progress under the contract; and whether constraints on variable consideration should be applied due to uncertain future events. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no costs capitalized related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract with a customer and thus the Company has no balances for contract assets or contract liabilities.

Categorization of Revenue by Service

The following table presents the major revenue categories and when each category is recognized:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Revenue Category	2019 (unaudited)		2018 (unaudited)		Timing of Recognition
Trading Execution and Clearing Services
Commissions and fees	$	1,864,000	$	2,674,000	Recorded on trade date
Principal transactions	$	1,610,000	$	2,941,000	Recorded on trade date
Advisory fees and additional income	$	183,000	$	27,000	Recorded as earned

Other Income
Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees
Margin interest	$	2,066,000	$	1,635,000	Recorded as earned
12b1 fees		706,000		900,000	Recorded as earned
Total Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees	$	2,772,000	$	2,535,000

Total Revenue	$	6,429,000	$	8,177,000

The following table presents each revenue category and its related performance obligation:

Revenue Stream	Performance Obligation
Commissions and fees, Principal transactions, Advisory fees and additional income	Provide security trading services to customer and act as agent
Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees	n/a

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Disaggregation of Revenue – Legacy Siebert vs. StockCross Accounts

The following table presents a breakdown of the Company’s revenue between the amounts attributed to the accounts that were originally part of Siebert (“Legacy Siebert”) vs. the accounts acquired from StockCross (“StockCross accounts”):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019 (unaudited)		2018 (unaudited)
Revenue from Principal transactions:
Principal transactions – Legacy Siebert	$	379,000	$	572,000
Principal transactions – StockCross accounts		1,231,000		2,369,000
Total Revenue from Principal transactions	$	1,610,000	$	2,941,000

Revenue from Commissions and fees:
Commissions and fees – Legacy Siebert	$	1,580,000	$	1,955,000
Commissions and fees – StockCross accounts		284,000		719,000
Total Revenue from Commissions and fees	$	1,864,000		2,674,000

Revenue from Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees:
Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees – Legacy Siebert	$	2,445,000	$	2,328,000
Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees – StockCross accounts		327,000		207,000
Total Revenue from Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees	$	2,772,000	$	2,535,000

Additional Revenue:
Advisory fees – Legacy Siebert		168,000		16,000
Interest – Legacy Siebert		15,000		11,000

Total Revenue	$	6,429,000	$	8,177,000

9. Provision for Income Tax

Provision for income tax consists of the following:

Current income tax expense, which represents the amount of federal tax and state and local tax currently payable, including interest and penalties and amounts accrued for unrecognized tax benefits, if any, and;

Deferred income tax, which represents the net change in the deferred tax assets balance during the year, including any change in the valuation allowance.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019 (unaudited)		2018 (unaudited)
Current income tax expense
Federal	$	203,000	$	272,000
State		76,000		141,000
		279,000		413,000

Deferred income tax
Federal	$	47,000	$	—
State		43,000		—
		90,000		—

Total Provision for income tax	$	369,000	$	413,000

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Effective Tax Rate

For interim financial reporting, the Company estimates the effective tax rate for tax jurisdictions which is applied to the year to date income before tax. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s effective tax rate was 28% and 20%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was due to an increase in deferred income tax expense. As of December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an income tax benefit related to the recognition of deferred tax assets of $5,576,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company incurred deferred income tax expense corresponding to the decrease in the deferred tax assets. Deferred income tax expense was $90,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to zero for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

10. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average of the number of outstanding common shares during the period. The Company had net income of $1,006,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to net income of $1,693,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

11. Related Party Disclosures

StockCross

StockCross and the Company are under common ownership and StockCross serves as one of the two clearing brokers for the Company. StockCross has a clearing agreement with MSCO in which StockCross passes through all revenue and charges MSCO for related clearing expenses. Outside of the clearing agreement, MSCO has an expense sharing agreement with StockCross for its Beverly Hills office and StockCross pays some of the vendors for miscellaneous expenses which it passes through to MSCO. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, MSCO had receivables from StockCross totaling approximately $1.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, consisting of financing for inventory positions, the net monthly clearing fees StockCross owes MSCO, and a clearing deposit. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, MSCO had a payable to StockCross totaling $21,000 and $46,000, respectively. In January 2019, the Company purchased approximately 15% of StockCross’ outstanding shares. Please see Item 4. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – “Note 6 – Equity Method Investments” for additional detail on the transaction with StockCross.

KCA

KCA is an affiliate of the Company and StockCross. To gain efficiencies and economies of scale with billing and administrative functions, KCA serves as a paymaster for the Company and StockCross for compensation and benefits expenses, the entirety of which KCA passes through to the Company and StockCross proportionally. In addition, KCA has purchased the naming rights for the Company for the Company to use.

PWC

PWC brokers the insurance policies for related parties. Revenue for PWC from related parties was approximately $22,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

12. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated events that have occurred subsequent to March 31, 2019 and through May 15, 2019, the date of the filing of this report. There have been no additional material subsequent events that occurred during such period that would require disclosure in this report or would be required to be recognized in the financial statements as of March 31, 2019.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

The statements contained in the following MD&A and elsewhere throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including any documents incorporated by reference, that are not historical facts, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “may,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “intend” and similar words or expressions. In particular, forward-looking statements contained in this discussion include our expectations regarding the effect of client trading activity on our results of operations; the effect of changes in interest rates on our net interest spreads; the amount of net revenues; average commissions per trade; the amounts of total operating expenses; our effective income tax rate; and our capital and liquidity needs.

Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Important factors that may cause such differences include, but are not limited to: economic, social and political conditions and other securities industry risks; interest rate risks; liquidity risks; credit risk with clients and counterparties; risk of liability for errors in clearing functions; systemic risk; systems failures, delays and capacity constraints; network security risks; competition; reliance on external service providers; new laws and regulations affecting our business; net capital requirements; extensive regulation, regulatory uncertainties and legal matters; difficulties and delays in integrating the StockCross, PWC, or KCAT businesses or fully realizing cost savings and other benefits from the acquisitions; disruptions from the StockCross, PWC, or KCAT acquisitions or other factors making it more difficult to maintain relationships with employees, customers, other business partners or governmental entities; the inability to achieve synergies or to implement integration plans and other consequences associated with other acquisitions; and the other risks and uncertainties set forth under Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2018 Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements contained in this report speak only as of the date on which the statements were made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise these statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by the federal securities laws.

This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements on our 2018 Form 10-K, and our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Executive Overview

We operate as a financial services company and provide a wide variety of financial services to our clients. Results in the businesses in which we operate are highly correlated to general economic conditions and, more specifically, to the direction of the U.S. equity and fixed-income markets and market volatility, overall market conditions, interest rates, economic, political and regulatory trends, and industry competition are among the factors which could affect us and which are unpredictable and beyond our control. These factors affect the financial decisions made by market participants who include investors and competitors, impacting their level of participation in the financial markets. In addition, in periods of reduced financial market activity, profitability is likely to be adversely affected because certain expenses remain relatively fixed, including salaries and related costs, portions of communications costs and occupancy expenses. Accordingly, earnings for any period should not be considered representative of earnings to be expected for any other period.

Significant Events in the First Quarter of 2019

In January 2019, we purchased approximately 15% of StockCross’ outstanding shares to further our partnership with StockCross. As of March 31, 2019, the carrying amount of the investment in StockCross, accounted for under the equity method, was $3,704,000, and the investment contributed $39,000 to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

In March 2019, we committed to an office lease in Miami, FL and have commenced retail operations there as part of the continued expansion of our business.

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Client Account and Activity Metrics

The following tables set forth metrics we use in analyzing our client account and activity trends for the periods indicated:

Client Account Metrics

	As of March 31,
	2019		2018
Retail customer margin debit balances (in billions)	$	0.4	$	0.3
Retail customer credit balances (in billions)	$	0.4	$	0.5
Retail customer money market fund value (in billions)	$	0.6	$	0.7
Retail customer net worth (in billions)	$	11.1	$	11.0
Retail customer accounts		75,306		73,425

●	Retail customer margin debit balances represents credit extended to our customers to finance their purchases against current positions.

●	Retail customer credit balances represents client cash held in brokerage accounts.

●	Retail customer money market fund value represents all retail customers accounts invested in money market funds.

●	Retail customer net worth represents the total value of securities and cash in the retail customer accounts before deducting margin debits.

●	Retail customer accounts represents the number of retail customers. Effective in December 2018, the retail customer accounts metric was revised to include all retail accounts regardless of the amount of assets. Prior periods have been updated to conform to the current presentation.

Client Activity Metrics

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2019			2018
Total retail trades			69,709			96,219
Average commission per retail trade		$	19.05		$	23.14

●	Total retail trades represents retail trades that generate commissions.

●	Average commission per retail trade represents the average commission generated for all types of retail customer trades.

Statements of Operations

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1,006,000, decreasing by $687,000 or 41% from the corresponding period in 2018, primarily due to a reduction in principal transactions and commission and fees revenues as a result of market volatility in the first quarter of 2019. This decrease in revenue was partially offset by the decrease in operating expenses such as commission payouts as well as clearing fees and execution costs related to those revenue streams.

Revenue

Total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $6,429,000, decreasing by $1,748,000 or 21% from the corresponding period in 2018, primarily due to market volatility in the first quarter of 2019 negatively impacting customer activity and the associated revenue from principal transactions as well as commission and fees.

Margin interest, marketing and distribution fees for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $2,772,000, decreasing by $237,000 or 9% from the corresponding period in 2018, primarily due to a rise in interest rates.

Commissions and fees for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $1,864,000, decreasing by $810,000 or 30% from the corresponding period in 2018, primarily due to market volatility in the first quarter of 2019 negatively impacting demand for retail products and overall client activity.

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Principal transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $1,610,000, decreasing by $1,331,000 or 45% from the corresponding period in 2018, primarily due to market volatility in the first quarter of 2019 negatively impacting demand for retail products and overall client activity.

Advisory fees for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $168,000, and increased by $152,000 or 950% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to overall expansion of the advisory business line which included revenue growth related to AdvisorNXT’s Robo-Advisor.

Interest for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $15,000, and increased by $4,000 or 36% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to a rise in interest rates.

Operating Expenses

Total expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $5,093,000, and decreased by $978,000 or 16% from the corresponding period in 2018 due to a variety of factors. A significant component of our expenses is variable to particular revenue streams. As such, the decrease in commissions and fees and principal transactions revenues led to less commission payouts to our representatives as well as less clearing fees and execution costs to process those transactions.

Employee compensation and benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $2,835,000, and decreased by $827,000 or 23% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to the decrease in employee commissions and related costs associated with the lower demand for retail products and overall client activity.

Clearing fees, including execution costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $654,000, and decreased by $248,000 or 27% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to the decrease in clearing and execution services associated with the lower level of overall client activity.

Professional fees for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $502,000, and decreased by $106,000 or 17% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to a reduction in one-time legal fees.

Other general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $385,000, and decreased by $1,000 from the corresponding period in 2018.

Technology and communications for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $247,000, and increased by $13,000 or 6% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to incremental technology costs related to moving into the New Jersey office space in the first quarter of 2019.

Rent and occupancy expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $295,000, and increased by $53,000 or 22% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to the increase in rent from our new office space in New Jersey.

Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $175,000, and increased by $151,000 or 629% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to the depreciation and amortization of incremental leasehold improvements and software assets.

Advertising and promotion expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $0, and decreased by $13,000 from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to the elimination of miscellaneous advertising costs.

Provision for Income Tax

Provision for income tax for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $369,000, and decreased by $44,000 or 11% from the corresponding period in 2018 primarily due to the lower income before provision for income tax, partially offset by the deferred income tax expense corresponding to the decrease in the deferred tax assets.

Earnings of Equity Method Investment

Earnings of equity method investment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $39,000, and increased by $39,000 from the corresponding period in 2018 due to the Company recognizing its proportional net income from StockCross for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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Statements of Financial Condition

Assets

Assets as of March 31, 2019 were $21,549,000 and increased by $3,372,000 or 19% from assets as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to the lease right-of-use asset recorded per the new lease accounting guidance, the increase in furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements from the development of the New Jersey office, as well as incremental software development assets. In relation to the purchase of approximately 15% of StockCross’ outstanding shares, there was an increase in the investment in related party asset of approximately $3.7 million and corresponding decrease in cash, with no net change to total assets.

Liabilities

Liabilities as of March 31, 2019 were $3,369,000 and increased by $2,366,000 or 236% from liabilities as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to the lease liabilities recorded per the new lease accounting guidance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash and cash equivalents are unrestricted and are used to fund our working capital needs. Our total assets as of March 31, 2019 were approximately $21.5 million, of which $3.8 million, or approximately 17% consisted of cash and cash equivalents and were considered highly liquid. Our total assets as of December 31, 2018 were approximately $18.2 million, of which $7.2 million, or approximately 40% consisted of cash and cash equivalents and were considered highly liquid.

MSCO is subject to regulatory requirements that are intended to ensure its liquidity and general financial soundness. Under the SEC's Uniform Net Capital Rule (Exchange Act Rule 15c3-1), MSCO is required to maintain, at all times, at least the minimum level of net capital required under Rule 15c3-1. Since our aggregate debits may fluctuate significantly, our minimum net capital requirements may also fluctuate significantly from period to period. Siebert may make cash capital contributions to MSCO, if necessary, to meet minimum net capital requirements.

MSCO may not repay any subordinated borrowings, pay cash dividends, or make any unsecured advances or loans to Siebert or employees if such payment would result in a net capital amount of less than (a) 5% of aggregate debit balances or (b) 120% of its minimum dollar requirement.

As of March 31, 2019, MSCO had net capital of approximately $5.1 million, which was approximately $4.8 million in excess of required net capital of $250,000. As of December 31, 2018, MSCO had net capital of approximately $8.9 million, which was approximately $8.7 million in excess of required net capital of $250,000.

Contractual Obligations

Future annual minimum payments for operating leases with initial terms of greater than one year as of March 31, 2019 were as follows:

Year	Amount
2019	$	676,000
2020		891,000
2021		728,000
2022		489,000
2023		468,000
2024		39,000
Thereafter		—
Remaining balance of lease payments	$	3,291,000

Other than the Miami lease described in the “Significant Events in the First Quarter of 2019” section above, there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations outside the ordinary course of business since December 31, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Retail customer transactions are cleared through two clearing brokers on a fully disclosed basis. If customers do not fulfill their contractual obligations, the clearing brokers may charge us for any loss incurred in connection with the purchase or sale of securities at prevailing market prices to satisfy customer obligations. We regularly monitor the activity in customer accounts for compliance with margin requirements. We are exposed to the risk of loss on unsettled customer transactions if customers and other counterparties are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. There were no material losses for unsettled customer transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Critical Accounting Policies

As of January 1, 2019, we adopted the new standard under ASU 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize lease on-balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. As of March 31, 2019, the Company recognized lease right-of-use assets of approximately $2.3 million and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $2.5 million. This accounting pronouncement had no material impact to the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Please see Item 4. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – “Note 5 – Leases” for additional detail.

Certain of our accounting policies that involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity are discussed in Part II – Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies in our 2018 Form 10-K. Except as described above, there have been no changes to critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Financial Instruments Held For Trading Purposes

We do not directly engage in derivative transactions, have no interest in any special purpose entity and have no liabilities, contingent or otherwise, for the debt of another entity.

Financial Instruments Held For Purposes Other Than Trading

We generally invest our cash and cash equivalents temporarily in dollar denominated bank account(s). These investments are not subject to material changes in value due to interest rate movements.

Retail customer transactions are cleared through our clearing brokers on a fully disclosed basis. If customers do not fulfill their contractual obligations, the clearing broker may charge us for any loss incurred in connection with the purchase or sale of securities at prevailing market prices to satisfy the customers’ obligations. We regularly monitor the activity in its customer accounts for compliance with our margin requirements. We are exposed to the risk of loss on unsettled customer transactions if customers and other counterparties are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations. There were no material losses for unsettled customer transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on that evaluation, our management, including the Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and to ensure that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on its evaluation, our management, including our Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer, concluded that as of the three months ended March 31, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) was identified during the three months ended March 31, 2019, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is party to certain claims, suits and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of our management, all such matters are without merit, or involve amounts which would not have a significant effect on the financial position of the Company.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, investors should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors, in our 2018 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial position, and results of operations. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K.

In addition to the following risk factor which updates and replaces the risk factor captioned “There may be no public market for our Common Stock” previously disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K:

“There may be no public market for our Common Stock.

Only 7,153,506 shares of Common Stock, or approximately 26.3% of our shares of Common Stock outstanding, are currently held by the public as of May 15, 2019. Although our Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, there can be no assurance that an active public market will continue.”

Except for the foregoing, there are no material changes from the risk factors set forth in Part I - Item 1A - Risk Factors, in our 2018 Form 10-K.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	SIEBERT FINANCIAL CORP.

	By:	/s/ Andrew H. Reich
		Andrew H. Reich
		Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Secretary
		(Principal executive, financial and accounting officer)

	Dated: May 15, 2019

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.		Description of Document

31.1		Certification of Andrew H. Reich pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Andrew H. Reich of Periodic Financial Report under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

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