SITO MOBILE, LTD. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒  QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

☐  TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission file number:  001-37535

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  ☒ Yes    ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  ☒ Yes    ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  ☐ Yes    ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity as of May 3, 2018: 25,119,880 shares of common stock.

Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO MOBILE, LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO Mobile, Ltd.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SITO Mobile, Ltd. (“the Company”, “SITO”, “our”, “we”, and “us”) was incorporated in Delaware on May 31, 2000, under its original name, Hosting Site Network, Inc. On May 12, 2008, the Company changed its name to Single Touch Systems, Inc. and on September 26, 2014, it changed its name to SITO Mobile, Ltd.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SITO Mobile, Ltd. and it’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, SITO Mobile Solutions Inc., SITO Mobile R&D IP, LLC, SITO Mobile Media Inc. and DoubleVision Networks Inc. (“DoubleVision”). Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts, as well as those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include all stable, highly liquid investments with maturities of twelve months or less.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are reported at the customers’ outstanding balances, less any allowance for doubtful accounts. Interest is not accrued on overdue accounts receivable.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

An allowance for doubtful accounts on accounts receivable is charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for uncollectible accounts at a level management believes is adequate to cover any probable losses. Management determines the adequacy of the allowance based on historical write-off percentages and information collected from individual customers. Accounts receivable are charged off against the allowance when collectability is determined to be permanently impaired.

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements are charged to the asset accounts while replacements, maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed. At the time property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved of the applicable amounts. Gains or losses from retirements or sales are credited or charged to income.

Depreciation is computed on the straight-line and accelerated methods for financial reporting and income tax reporting purposes based upon the following estimated useful lives:

Long-Lived Assets

The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10-05, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” ASC Topic 360-10-05 requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. We assess recoverability of the carrying value of an asset by estimating the future net cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and fair value or disposable value.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests when circumstances indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of goodwill may be in doubt. Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including determining the fair value. Significant judgments are required to estimate the fair value, including estimating future cash flows, determining appropriate discount rates and other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and/or goodwill impairment. There were no triggering events or impairments recorded to goodwill for the periods presented.

Capitalized Software Development Costs

The Company accounts for costs incurred to develop or purchase computer software for internal use in accordance with ASC Topic 350-40 “Internal-Use Software.” As required by ASC 350-40, the Company capitalizes the costs incurred during the application development stage, which include direct costs, including payroll and related payroll taxes and benefits. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage along with post-implementation stages of internal use computer software are expensed as incurred. Capitalized development costs are amortized over a period of three years. Costs incurred to maintain existing product offerings are expensed as incurred. The capitalization and ongoing assessment of recoverability of development costs requires considerable judgment by management with respect to certain external factors, including, but not limited to, estimated economic life.

Patent and Patent Application Costs

Intangible assets include patents developed and purchased which are recorded at cost. The cost of the patents are capitalized and amortized over their useful lives.

Capital Leases

Assets and liabilities under capital leases are recorded at the lower of the present value of the minimum lease payments or the fair value of the leased assets. The assets are depreciated over the lower of their related lease terms or their estimated productive lives. Depreciation of the assets under capital leases is included in depreciation expense. 

Debt Issuance Costs

Deferred debt issuance costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the related term of the debt and are presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the debt liability. The amortization of deferred debt issuance costs is included in interest expense.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for its income taxes under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” The method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 is an asset and liability method. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between tax bases and financial reporting bases of other assets and liabilities. The Company had no material unrecognized income tax assets or liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The Company recognizes income tax interest and penalties as a separately identified component of general and administrative expense.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The legislation significantly changed the U.S. tax law, including a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 34% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed, in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts due to additional analysis and changes to estimates, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, and actions the Company may take because of tax reform. The accounting is expected to be complete in the second half of 2018.

Issuances Involving Non-Cash Consideration

All issuances of the Company’s stock for non-cash consideration have been assigned a dollar amount equaling the market value of the shares issued on the date the shares were issued for such services and property. The non-cash consideration paid pertains to consulting services, the acquisition of a software license, the acquisition of DoubleVision and assets purchased from Hipcricket, Inc.

Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue

Adoption of ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606, using the modified retrospective transition method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605. There was no adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit on January 1, 2018 due to the impact of adopting Topic 606.

Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services. To achieve this core principal, the Company applies the following five steps:

A contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration.

At contract inception, an entity shall assess the goods or services promised in a contract with a customer and shall identify as a performance obligation each promise to transfer to the customer. Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised services, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met the promised services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

The transaction price is the amount that an entity allocates to the performance obligations identified in the contract and, therefore, represents the amount of revenue recognized as those performance obligations are satisfied. The transaction price is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer.

Once a contract and associated performance obligations have been identified and the transaction price has been determined, ASC 606 requires an entity to allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation identified. This is generally done in proportion to the standalone selling prices of each performance obligation (i.e., on a relative standalone selling price basis). As a result, any discount within the contract generally is allocated proportionally to all of the separate performance obligations in the contract. The Company is applying the right to invoice practical expedient to recognize revenue. As a result, the entity bypasses the steps of determining the transaction price, allocating that transaction price and determining when to recognize revenue as it will recognize revenue as billed by multiplying the price assigned to the good or service, by the units.

Revenue is recognized when or as performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of a promised good or service to a customer. Control transfers either over time or at a point in time.

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Media placement services constitute our core revenues. Substantially all of our revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed. Media placement revenues are recognized as the advertisement is displayed provided that collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Media placement revenues predominantly contain a single performance obligation recognized over time, using an output measure to reflect progress.

For licensing and royalties, revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreement based on the contractually determined fees.

Revenue disaggregated by revenue source for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, consist of the following.

Media Placement

The Company recognizes media placement revenue based on the activity of mobile users viewing ads through developer applications and mobile websites. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Media placement revenues are recognized when the Company’s advertising services are delivered based on the specific terms of the advertising contract, which are commonly based on the number of ads delivered, or views, clicks or actions by users on mobile advertisements. The duration of most of the Company’s media placement services contracts is less than twelve months. Generally, there are no situations where payment by a customer occurs either significantly before or after our performance.

Licensing and Royalty

In general, licensing and royalty revenue arrangements provide for the payment of contractually determined fees in consideration for the patented technologies owned by or controlled by the Company’s operating subsidiary. The intellectual property rights granted may be perpetual in nature, extending until the expiration of the related patents, or can be granted for a defined, relatively short period of time, with the licensee possessing the right to renew the agreement at the end of each contractual term for an additional minimum upfront payment. Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, the Company’s operating subsidiary may have no further obligation with respect to the grant of the non-exclusive retroactive and future licenses, covenants-not-to-sue, releases, and other deliverables, including no express or implied obligation on the Company’s operating subsidiary’s part to maintain or upgrade the technology, or provide future support or services. Generally, the agreements provide for the grant of licenses, covenants-not-to-sue, releases, and other significant deliverables upon the execution of the agreement, or upon the receipt of the minimum upfront payment for term agreement renewals. As such, when the Company has no further obligation under the agreement, the earnings process is considered complete and revenue is recognized upon the execution of the agreement; otherwise the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreement based on the contractually determined fees.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue arises from timing differences between the delivery of services and satisfaction of all revenue recognition criteria consistent with the Company’s revenue recognition policy. Deferred revenue results from the advance payment for services to be delivered over a period of time, usually less than one-year increments.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company determined that an output method would be the best measure of progress in that it represents the most faithful depiction of the Company's progress towards satisfaction of its performance obligations as such method recognizes the direct measurement of the value delivered to the customer.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses.

Stock Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is accounted for based on the requirements of the Share-Based Payment topic of ASC Topic 718 which requires recognition in the financial statements of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments over the period the employee or director is required to perform the services in exchange for the award (presumptively, the vesting period). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) also requires measurement of the cost of employee and director services received in exchange for an award based on the grant-date fair value of the award.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 505-50, for share-based payments to consultants and other third-parties, compensation expense is determined at the “measurement date.” The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the award.

The Company records compensation expense based on the fair value of the award at the reporting date.

The value of the stock-based award is determined using the Binomial option-pricing model, whereby compensation cost is the excess of the fair value of the award as determined by the pricing model at the grant date or other measurement date over the amount that must be paid to acquire the stock. The resulting amount is charged to expense on the straight-line basis over the period in which the Company expects to receive the benefit, which is generally the vesting period.

Loss per Share

The Company reports earnings (loss) per share in accordance with ASC Topic 260-10, “Earnings per Share.” Basic earnings (loss) per share are computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares available. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed similar to basic earnings (loss) per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. Diluted loss per share has not been presented since the effect of the assumed conversion of warrants and debt to purchase common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company primarily transacts its business with two financial institutions. The amount on deposit in that one institution may from time to time exceed the federally-insured limit.

Excluding discontinued operations, of the Company’s revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2018, contracts with one customer accounted for approximately 46% of total revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, approximately 10% was generated from contracts with one advertising agency.

The Company’s accounts receivable is typically unsecured and are derived from U.S. customers in different industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains allowances for potential credit losses. Historically, such losses have been within management’s expectations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for all business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method, assets and liabilities are recognized at fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired, net of liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. Certain adjustments to the assessed fair values of the assets and liabilities made subsequent to the acquisition date, but within the measurement period, which is up to one year, are recorded as adjustments to goodwill. Any adjustments subsequent to the measurement period are recorded in income. Results of operations of the acquired entity are included in the Company’s results from the date of the acquisition onward and include amortization expense arising from acquired tangible and intangible assets. The Company expenses all costs as incurred related to an acquisition under general and administrative in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements or financing activities with special purpose entities.

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We have identified the following accounting policies that we believe are key to an understanding of our financial statements. These are important accounting policies that require management’s most difficult, subjective judgments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) released “ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers” which was updated in August 2015; Update 2015-14 – “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date.” The Company applied the accounting guidance within ASC 606 beginning with this reporting period for the three months ended March 31, 2018. We believe the key changes in the standard that impact our revenue recognition relate to the allocation of contract revenue amongst various services and products, and the timing in which those revenues are recognized. The Company has assessed the adoption of Topic 606 and did not make an adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit on January 1, 2018 as discussed in Note – Significant Accounting Policies.

In April 2016, the FASB issued “ASU 2016 – 10 Revenue from Contract with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” which clarifies the topics of identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation guidance, while including implementation guidance. This updated standard affects “ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. The adoption of this standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

The standard may be applied retrospectively to each prior period presented, or using the modified retrospective approach, with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application. The Company will adopt the standard effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The Company does not have any material changes as a result of adopting the standard.

In January 2016, the (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) “ASU 2016 – 01 Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” which changes requirements for the presentation and measurement of equity investments at fair value. The updated standard is effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued “ASU 2016 – 02 Leases” which requires the Company to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with terms of more than 12 months. The updated standard is effective for the Company on December 15, 2018. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued “ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Restricted Cash”. The new guidance requires that the reconciliation of the beginning-of-period and end-of-period amounts shown in the statement of cash flows include restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. If restricted cash is presented separately from cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet, companies will be required to reconcile the amounts presented on the statement of cash flows to the amounts on the balance sheet. Companies will also need to disclose information about the nature of the restrictions. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB issued “ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The amendments in this update modify the concept of impairment from the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value to the condition that exists when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. An entity no longer will determine goodwill impairment by calculating the implied fair value of goodwill by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. The guidance is effective for [annual periods] [fiscal years] beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB issued “ASU 2017-01, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business”. The amendments in this update are to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting, including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

In February 2018, the FASB issued six amendments to guidance introduced by ASU 2016-01, “ASU 2018-03, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”. The new guidance clarifies certain provisions of ASU 2016-1 and amends other provisions to be more consistent with the FASB’s original intent. The updated standard is effective for the Company beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption of the new guidance is permitted, and companies should consider adopting the provisions of the new guidance concurrent with the adoption of ASU 2016-1.  The Company does not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification

Certain reclassifications have been made to conform the 2018 amounts to the 2017 classifications for comparative purposes. The expense information described above with respect to the three months ended March 31, 2017 reflect certain reclassifications to properly compare such amounts to the corresponding expense information for the three months ended March 31, 2018. In particular, we note that expenses associated with one of our vendors, which were initially classified as general and administrative expenses, were reclassified to cost of revenue and sales and marketing expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, $132,593 was reclassed from general and administrative and $52,869 from sales and marketing to cost of revenue.

Accounts receivable consist of the following: 

The following is a summary of property and equipment: 

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $40,544 and $41,418, respectively.

The following is a summary of capitalized software development costs:

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $208,554 and $212,483, respectively. 

As of March 31, 2018, amortization expense for the remaining estimated lives of these costs is as follows:

Patents

The following is a summary of capitalized patent costs:

Amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $76,463 and $52,597, respectively.

A schedule of amortization expense over the estimated remaining lives of the patents for the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

Other Intangible Assets, net

The following is a summary of other intangible asset costs: 

Amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $67,750 and $67,750, respectively.

A schedule of amortization expense over the estimated remaining lives of the other intangible assets for the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:

Goodwill

There were no changes in the carrying values of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

The following is a summary of accrued expenses: 

The Company leases office equipment under capital leases that expire in 2018 and 2022. The equipment has a cost of $13,160 and $14,434, respectively.

Minimum future lease payments under the capital lease at March 31, 2018 for each of the next five years and in the aggregate, are as follows:

The effective interest rate charged on the capital lease is approximately 1.750% to 7.428% per annum. The lease provides for a $1 purchase option. Interest charged to operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $68 and $110, respectively. Depreciation charged to operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $1,139 and $658, respectively.

A discontinued operation is a component of the Company’s business that represents a separate major line of business that had been disposed of or is held for sale. Classification as a discontinued operation occurs upon disposal or when the operation meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, if earlier. When an operation is classified as a discontinued operation, the comparative Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, and Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are re-presented as if the operation had been discontinued from the start of the comparative year.

On February 7, 2017, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement to sell the Wireless Application business for $400,000, of which $310,000 was received on the closing date and the remaining $90,000 will be paid upon the satisfaction of certain post-closing covenants. Of the $90,000 payable upon satisfaction of the post-closing covenants, $40,000 was earned and collected by the Company, with the remaining $50,000 not expected to be satisfied, for a total sale price of $350,000. The Company has reported the Wireless Application segment as Discontinued Operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows with related assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, included as Assets from discontinued operations and Liabilities from discontinued operations.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities of the Wireless Applications business, as Assets classified from discontinued operations and Liabilities classified from discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:

The following table presents the Discontinued Operations of the Wireless Applications business in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations: 

The following table presents the Wireless Applications business in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows: 

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The legislation significantly changed the U.S. tax law including a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 34% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed, in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effect of the Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The total impact to the Company’s U.S. deferred taxes and current year tax provision related to the corporate rate reduction was approximately $8.2 million. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts due to additional analysis and changes to estimates, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, and actions the Company may take because of tax reform. The accounting is expected to be complete in the second half of 2018.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryover of approximately $47,087,334 and a state net operating loss carryover of approximately $30,775,306 available to offset future income for income tax reporting purposes, which will expire in various years through 2037, if not previously utilized.

The Company’s ability to use the carryover net operating loss may be substantially limited or eliminated pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 382. A limitation may apply to the use of the net operating loss and credit carryforwards, under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that are applicable if we experience an “ownership change”. That may occur, for example, as a result of trading in our stock by significant investors as well as issuance of new equity. Should these limitations apply, the carryforwards would be subject to an annual limitation, resulting in a substantial reduction in the gross deferred tax.

Our policy regarding income tax interest and penalties is to expense those items as general and administrative expense but to identify them for tax purposes. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no federal income tax, or related interest and penalty items in the income statement, or liability on the balance sheet. We are not currently involved in any income tax examinations.

On October 3, 2014, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, SITO Mobile Solutions, Inc. and SITO Mobile R&D IP, LLC, entered into a Revenue Sharing and Note Purchase Agreement (the “NPA”) with Fortress Credit Co LLC, as collateral agent (the “Collateral Agent,” or “Fortress”), and CF DB EZ LLC (the “Revenue Participant”) and Fortress (the “Note Purchaser” and together with the Revenue Participant, the “Investors”).

At the closing of the NPA, the Company issued and sold a senior secured note (the “Note”) with an aggregate original principal amount of $10,000,000 (the “Original Principal Amount”) and issued, pursuant to a Subscription Agreement, 261,954 shares of common stock to Fortress for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000,000 or $3.817 per share (which represents the trailing 30-day average closing price). After deducting original issue discount of 10% on the Note and a structuring fee to the Investors, the Company received proceeds of $8,850,000, prior to the payment of related legal and due diligence expenses.

On July 11, 2017, TAR SITO LendCo LLC (“TAR”), an entity owned and controlled by Julian Singer, the son of Karen Singer, acquired from Fortress Credit Opportunities V CLO Limited, CF EZ LLC, and CF DB EZ LLC all rights, title and interest as “Purchaser” and “Revenue Participant” under the NPA and related documents.

On August 1, 2017, the Company used approximately $4,900,000 of the proceeds of an offering of common stock and warrants to prepay in full all outstanding principal, accrued and unpaid interest due through the date of repayment, and termination fees of $350,000 recorded as interest expense with respect to the Note. The Company has no further obligations with respect to the Note but as of December 31, 2017, remained obligated to continue to make payment with respect to the Revenue Stream upon the terms, and subject to the conditions, of the NPA. The Revenue Stream is the right to receive a portion of Monetization Revenues totaling (i) if paid in full prior to March 31, 2018, up to $5,000,000 and (ii) otherwise, up to $7,500,000; provided, that upon acceleration, the Revenue Stream shall represent an absolute entitlement to receive such amounts without regard to the existence of Monetization Revenues.

Prior to the repayment of the Note in full on August 1, 2017, the principal amount of the Note bore interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 9% per annum. Such interest was payable in cash, except that 2% per annum of such interest was to be paid-in-kind, by increasing the principal amount of the Note by the amount of such interest. The term of the Note was 42 months and the Company was required to make, beginning in October 2015, monthly amortization payments on the Note, each in a principal amount equal to $333,334 until the Note was paid in full. The Company was also required to apply 85% of Monetization Revenues (as defined in the NPA) from certain of the Company’s patents unrelated to its core business activities (the “Patents”) to the payment of accrued and unpaid interest on, and then to repay outstanding principal (at par) of, the Note until all amounts due with respect to the Note were paid in full. After the repayment of the principal amount of the Note and all accrued interest thereunder, which occurred on August 1, 2017, the Company is obligated to pay the Investors (“Revenue Participants”) (a) 50% of Monetization Revenues until such time as the Revenue Participants have received $2,500,000 in the aggregate with respect to the Revenue Stream, (b) 30% of the Monetization Revenues thereafter, until such time that the Revenue Participants have received $5,000,000 in the aggregate with respect to the Revenue Stream, and (c) 10% of the Monetization Revenues thereafter, until the Revenue Stream has been fully satisfied. In addition, upon any acceleration of the Notes and Revenue Stream, the Company is obligated to pay the Revenue Participants 100% of the Monetization Revenues until the Revenue Stream has been fully satisfied. The Company was also required to pay $350,000 to the Note Purchaser upon repayment of the Note, which payment was also made on August 1, 2017.

The NPA contained certain standard Events of Default. The Company granted to the Collateral Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, a non-exclusive, royalty free, license (including the right to grant sublicenses) with respect to the Patents, which was evidenced by, and reflected in, a Patent License Agreement between the Company, its subsidiary Single Touch Interactive, Inc., and Fortress. The Patent License Agreement provides that the Collateral Agent may only use such license following an Event of Default. Pursuant to a Security Agreement among the parties, the Company granted the Collateral Agent a first priority senior security interest in all of the Company’s assets. The Company and the Collateral Agent assigned a value of $500,000 to the revenue sharing terms of the NPA and in accordance with ASC 470-10-25 “Debt Recognition”, the Company recognized $500,000 as deferred revenue and a discount on the Note that is amortized over the 42-month term of the Note using the effective interest method. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $0 and $30,616, respectively, in licensing revenue and interest expense from amortization of the deferred revenue.

On March 1, 2016, the Company entered into Amendment No.1 (the “Amendment”) to the NPA. Pursuant to the terms of the Amendment, principal payment on the Note issued pursuant to the NPA was reduced from $333,333 to $175,000 for the period commencing on the last business day of February 2016 through the last business day of February 2017 and from $333,333 to $300,000 for the period commencing on the last business day of March 2017 to the last day of business in February 2018, with the final payment on the last business day in March 2018 increased to repay the remaining principal in full. In consideration for the Amendment, the Company agreed to pay a restructuring fee of $100,000 and issue 200,000 shares of its common stock with an aggregate value of $568,000 to the Purchasers.

Interest expense on the Note for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0 and $176,764, respectively. Amortization of the discounts for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $0 and $186,184, respectively, which was charged to interest expense. Accrual of termination fees for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $0 and $21,431, respectively, which was charged to interest expense.

On February 20, 2018, the Company and TAR, Mr. Julian Singer, Ms. Karen Singer and Mr. Gary Singer (collectively, the “TAR Group”), entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the NPA was terminated and discharged and all pending litigation between the Company and the members of the TAR Group was dismissed with prejudice in exchange for a lump sum payment of $3.5 million from the Company to the TAR Group. No future amounts are due with respect to the NPA or the Revenue Stream and the lump sum payment has been recorded as of December 31, 2017. The settlement has been paid and no additional amounts have been recorded against the Company’s financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Pursuant to ASC Topic 505-50, for share-based payments to consultants and other third-parties, compensation expense is determined at the “measurement date.” The expense is recognized over the vesting period of the award.

The Company records compensation expense based on the fair value of the award at the reporting date.

The value of the stock-based award is determined using the Binomial option-pricing model, whereby compensation cost is the excess of the fair value of the award as determined by the pricing model at the grant date or other measurement date over the amount that must be paid to acquire the stock. The resulting amount is charged to expense on the straight-line basis over the period in which the Company expects to receive the benefit, which is generally the vesting period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense totaling $1,137,246, through the vesting of 188,685 common stock options. Of the $1,137,246 in stock compensation expense, $574,714 is included in general and administrative expense, and $562,532 is included in sales and marketing expense.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense totaling $341,652, through the vesting of 630,361 common stock options. Of the $341,652 in stock compensation expense, $239,047 is included in general and administrative expense, of which $347 is included in discontinued operations, and $102,605 is included in sales and marketing expense, of which $46 is included in discontinued operations.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized restricted stock-based compensation expense totaling $952,082, of which $933,081 is included in general and administrative expense and $19,001 is included in sales and marketing expense. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company recognized $0 in restricted stock-based compensation expense. 

On April 21, 2014, SITO Mobile R&D IP, LLC, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, through a joint venture (the “JV”) with Personalized Media Communications, LLC (“PMC”), entered into a Joint Licensing Program Agreement (the “JV License Agreement”) with a national broadcasting entity (“Licensee”) pursuant to which the JV granted the Licensee a term-limited license ( the “License”) to all patents licensable by the JV (“JV Patents”), including an exclusive license to assert the JV Patents against certain infringing parties in the media distribution industry. In exchange for the License, the Licensee has agreed to pay the JV an annual fee of $1,250,000 for a minimum of three years (“Annual Fee”), subject to a right of the Licensee to renew the License for an additional four years. Under the arrangement, if the Licensee has paid a total of $8,750,000 in license fees, either in one lump sum or after paying $1,250,000 annually for seven years, the License would be deemed to be perpetual. For JV Patent infringement actions provided for under the License, the Licensee will pay 20% of the gross proceeds from settlements received less any Annual Fee amounts paid, and litigation costs incurred (“Share of Proceeds”). SITO Mobile R&D IP, LLC and PMC have agreed serve as co-plaintiffs with the Licensee in infringement actions under the License and the Licensee has agreed to be responsible for any out-of-pocket costs of the JV associated with being a co-plaintiff in supporting the Licensee in such litigation, including attorneys’ fees. The Licensee will pay the Annual Fee and any Share of Proceeds to the JV. The Company is entitled to 30% of any proceeds received by the JV. In the event that the Licensee does not assert any infringement actions under its rights in the License prior to April 2019, the JV may, at its sole option, choose to terminate Licensee’s exclusive right to assert infringement claims with no reduction or adjustment to the Annual Fee. On May 23, 2017, the parties renewed the JV License Agreement for a perpetual license in exchange for an upfront payment to the JV of $4,500,000, of which the Company received $1,350,000 and reported as earnings from the JV in 2017. The Company’s share of the renewal fee was paid to the Note Purchaser in accordance with the terms of the NPA. (See Note 11 – Note Payable.) As of March 31, 2018, the Company has $0 in deferred revenue under the JV License Agreement. 

The Company’s balance sheet includes certain financial instruments. The carrying amounts of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair values because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization. The Company determines the fair value of obligations under capital lease, notes payable and convertible debentures based on the effective yields of similar obligations (Level 2).

ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity’s own assumptions, about market participant assumptions, which are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820-10 are described below:

The Company identified the warrants issued as part of the July 2017 offering as liabilities that are required to be presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy because we use inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data. The Company measures the fair value on a recurring basis each reporting period for these warrants and for the three months ended March 31, 2018, recorded a net gain on revaluation of the warrants of $641,216.

Common Stock

The holders of the Company's common stock are entitled to one vote per share of common stock held.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued 3,076,041 shares of common stock of which 77,420 shares were issued upon the exercise of stock options for which the Company received $116,251 in gross proceeds, and the Company received $14,842,750 in gross proceeds, and incurred legal and accounting service fees of $1,058,249 in connection with the registration and issuance of 2,990,000 shares of common stock.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company did not issue shares of its common stock. 

Warrants

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, no warrants were granted, exercised, or expired. The existing warrants are marked-to-market each reporting period in accordance with ASC 718.

Options

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company expenses performance options that were granted to its employees as detailed below.

The Company values options under the Binomial Option Model. The full value of option grants is charged to operations over the vesting period with option grants that vest immediately being fully charged on the date of grant. 

Stock Incentive Plans

The Company established the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan while closing the 2008, 2009, and 2010 plans (collectively, the “Plans”) under which 2,500,000 shares have been reserved for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock grants and other equity awards. The Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors which determines the individuals to whom awards shall be granted as well as the type, terms, conditions, option price and the duration of each award. As of March 31, 2018, there were 321,833 shares available to grant under the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan.

A stock option grant allows the holder of the option to purchase a share of the Company’s common stock in the future at a stated price. Options, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units granted under the Plans vest as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee. Options granted under the Plans expire over varying terms, but not more than ten years from the date of grant. Certain Restricted Stock Units granted to executives of the Company vest contingently on the price of our common stock consistently remaining above certain thresholds for 65 consecutive trading days. These Restricted Stock Units do not have an expiration date.

Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized compensation expense related to stock option grants of $1,137,246 and $341,652, respectively.

The estimated fair value of each option award granted was determined on the date of grant using an option pricing model with the following assumptions for option grants during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

No dividend yield was assumed because the Company has never paid a cash dividend on its common stock and does not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Volatilities were developed using the Company’s historical volatility. The risk-free interest rate was developed using the U.S. Treasury yield for periods equal to the expected life of stock options on the grant date. The expected option term for grants made during 2018 and 2017 is based on the average expiration date of all stock options granted during the respective periods. This method of determining the expected holding period was utilized because the Company does not have sufficient historical experience from which to estimate the period.

A summary of the Company’s non-vested options to purchase shares as of March 31, 2018 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2017 are presented below:

A summary of the Company’s restricted stock activity as of March 31, 2018 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2017 are presented below:

During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company identified an error in the accounting for certain awards granted to employees in 2017.  This non-cash error of approximately $500,000 was determined to be immaterial and recorded as an out-of-period adjustment in the three months ended March 31, 2018, to primarily general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company utilized the Monte Carlo valuation model to estimate the fair value of these awards which requires us to make judgments on assumptions regarding the risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, expected term and expected volatility over the expected term of the award.  The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of expense could be materially different in the future.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized compensation related to restricted stock unit grants of $952,082 and $0, respectively. Additional compensation expense of approximately $2,729,941 relating to the unvested portion of restricted stock granted is expected to be recognized over a remaining average period of 2 years.

Warrants

A summary of warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:

Operating Leases

The Company leases office space in Jersey City, New Jersey; Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; New York, New York; Atlanta, Georgia; Miami, Florida; Portland, Oregon; Boston, Massachusetts; and Los Angeles and San Francisco, California. The Jersey City office lease, amended on November 6, 2014 and April 7, 2017, expires on January 31, 2019 and the Company has the option to extend the term for an additional five years. In addition to paying rent, under the terms of the Jersey City office lease the Company is also required to pay its pro rata share of the property’s operating expenses. The other office locations are month-to-month commitments. Rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was $208,333 and $110,640, respectively. Minimum future rental payments under non-cancellable operating leases with terms in excess of one year as of March 31, 2018 for the next five fiscal years and in the aggregate are: 

Legal

In the normal course of its business, the Company may be involved in various claims, negotiations and legal actions. As of March 31, 2018, the Company is not aware of any asserted or un-asserted claims, negotiations and legal actions for which a loss is considered reasonably possible of occurring and would require recognition under guidance in ASC 450.

SEC Lawsuit

On February 17, 2017, plaintiff Sandi Roper commenced a purported securities class action against us and certain of our current and former officers and directors in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey captioned Roper v. SITO Mobile, Ltd., Case No. 17-cv-1106-ES-MAH (D.N.J. filed Feb. 17, 2017). On May 8, 2017, Red Oak Fund, LP, Red Oak Long Fund LP, Red Oak Institutional Founders Long Fund, and Pinnacle Opportunities Fund, LP (collectively, “Red Oak”) were appointed lead plaintiffs. On June 22, 2017, Red Oak filed an amended complaint, purporting to represent a class of stockholders who purchased our common stock between August 15, 2016 and January 2, 2017 (“Class Period”). The amended complaint names as defendants our directors and certain of our officers during the Class Period. It alleges that the defendants violated section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), in connection with the September 16, 2016 offering of our stock, by allegedly omitting material information from the registration statement and prospectus, and that the individual defendants are liable as controlling persons under section 15 of the 1933 Act. The amended complaint also alleges that the defendants violated section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and SEC Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by allegedly making materially false or misleading statements regarding its media placement revenues, and that the individual defendants are liable as controlling persons under section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The amended complaint seeks unspecified damages. The defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint on September 1, 2017. That motion is pending. Discovery has not commenced, and no trial date has been set for this action.

TAR SITO

On November 3, 2017, a complaint was filed against the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the “Complaint”) by TAR. The Complaint alleges that the Company has breached its obligations to undertake best efforts to diligently pursue the monetization of the Patents under the NPA and to provide timely information with respect to the Company’s intellectual property to the Revenue Participant (as defined in the NPA), in addition to other alleged minor technical and curable defaults. However, the Company’s obligation to pay any amounts to TAR under the NPA is entirely dependent on the generation by the Company of revenues from the monetization of the Patents, and the Company has not generated substantial revenues from these Patents to date. Notwithstanding the Complaint, the Company believes that it has diligently undertaken its best efforts to monetize the Patents (which efforts have been described in detail to TAR in writing), and that it has fully complied with all of the covenants under the NPA and is not otherwise in default under the NPA.

On February 20, 2018, the Company and the TAR Group entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the NPA was terminated and discharged and all pending litigation between the Company and the members of the TAR Group was dismissed with prejudice in exchange for a lump sum payment of $3.5 million from the Company to the TAR Group. No future amounts are due with respect to the NPA or the Revenue Stream and the lump sum payment has been recorded as of December 31, 2017. The settlement has been paid and no additional amounts have been recorded against the Company’s financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Fort Ashford

In November 2017, the Company received a complaint filed by Fort Ashford Funds, LLC (“Ashford”), in the Superior Court of the State of California, Orange County (the “Ashford Complaint”). The Ashford Complaint claims that the Company issued certain warrants to Panzarella Consulting, LLC and Patrick Panzarella (together “Panzarella”) giving them the option to purchase, in the aggregate, 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of fifty cents ($.50) per share. Through a series of transfers, the purported warrants were allegedly transferred to Ashford, which is now seeking to exercise such purported warrants or to obtain damages. However, the Company has made a thorough inquiry into these matters, and it is unaware of the existence of any warrant or other agreement that provides that the purported warrants exist or were ever issued to Panzarella or any other person. As of this time, the Ashford Complaint has failed to provide any evidence of the existence of the purported warrant, or the ability and right of Ashford to exercise such warrant. The Company has asserted a number of affirmative defenses to the claim in its Answer. As the case is in the initial discovery phase, no assessment can be made at this time. The Company believes the claims are baseless and plans to defend accordingly.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere herein. The Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “estimate,” “expect,” and the like, and/or future-tense or conditional constructions (“will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including, but not limited to, those noted under “Risk Factors” of the reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

We harness our proprietary location-based marketing intelligence platform to provide advertisement delivery, measurement and attribution services (“Ad Placement”) and consumer insights (“Insights”) to brands, advertising agencies, out-of-home advertisers, media companies and non-media companies that utilize consumer insights for strategic decision-making purposes. Our products, fueled by our robust locational data, allow marketers and executive decision makers to better understand the movement and behaviors of their existing and prospective consumers. For our marketing-based customers, we use our data to run highly-targeted media campaigns through our in-house, end-to-end Ad Placement platform. The majority of our revenue comes from Ad Placement services, which typically include a market analysis, the delivery of advertisements to applications on mobile devices and the production of measurement and attribution reports that highlight the effectiveness of the campaign. Our Insights services remain a relatively new product offering, which we believe will begin to make a more meaningful contribution to our revenue in 2018.

By identifying and reaching our customers’ most likely consumers with digital customized product offers, our customers can more efficiently and effectively run marketing campaigns, thereby increasing in-store sales and reducing wasted marketing spend associated with traditional approaches.

Our Principal Products and Services

Ad Placement

SITO delivers advertisements on behalf of our customers to highly-targeted audiences of existing and prospective consumers in a privacy compliant manner. The majority of our revenue comes from the placement of advertisements embedded in applications (including web browsers) on users’ mobile devices. The type of advertisement that SITO delivers will vary depending on the campaign and available inventory, typically including display, native, video and rich media. In addition to our mobile advertisement placement capabilities, SITO delivers advertisements across television, desktop, social media and digital out of home platforms.

SITO produces measurement and attribution reports that highlight the effectiveness of our customers’ campaigns. Our measurement reports, which provide our customers with key performance indicators (“KPIs”) of the campaign, are typically provided during or at the conclusion of a campaign. KPIs include (but are not limited to) the number of impressions delivered, consumer click-through rates, video completion rates, or rich-media engagements. Our attribution reports further highlight the impact the campaign has on the customer receiving the ad. These reports are outlined below.

Revenue from the delivery of advertisements is based on the same key media metrics as Internet advertising, which are the number of audience impressions and the cost per thousand impressions (“CPM”) price to reach that audience. Our measurement and attribution reports are considered premium products and are typically additive to our advertisement delivery revenue. These reports will be added to the delivery CPM or sold individually on a per report basis.

SITO employs a regional salesforce and account management team to sell and manage our Ad Placement and Insights products. The regional nature of these employees allows us to maintain a presence in key advertising and technology hubs in the United States, including New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles, Chicago and San Francisco. The majority of our salesforce and account management team is trained to sell both Ad Placement and Insights products.

Advertisement Delivery Methods

Measurement and Attribution Products

Insights

Our Insights products allow marketers and executive decision makers to better understand the movement and behavior of their audience of existing and prospective consumers. Through our Consumer Behavior and Location Sciences™, SITO explores the consumer journey and presents powerful strategic knowledge assets and actionable insights for executives and strategic decision makers looking to understand and influence consumer behaviors.

We consider our Insights offerings under four categories: Enrichment, Research, Measurement & Attribution:

Our Industry

According to certain industry reports, U.S. mobile advertising spending will reach approximately $75 billion in 2018 and is expected to continue to grow at an annual double-digit rate through 2022. SITO believes this growth is largely being driven by growth in mobile internet usage and the mobile advertising industry’s ability to effectively measure campaigns, which allows marketers to see that they are receiving an attractive return on investment for their advertising expenditures.

According to certain industry reports, the average mobile internet user in 2017 spent two hours and fifty-four minutes per day on the mobile internet, an increase of 12% from 2016, and this growth is expected to continue to grow at more than 5% per year through 2019. According to certain industry reports, adults spend more time online and on mobile devices than on any other form of media, including television.

While we believe that our technology is industry-leading, we have yet to capture a significant fraction of U.S. mobile advertising spending. Given our robust database and minimal latency platform, we believe we will increase our market share in the mobile advertising industry and increase our Ad Placement revenue.

According to certain industry reports, the global market for big data and business analytics is estimated to be $151 billion in 2018 and market growth for big data and business analytics is expected to grow more than 10% annually through 2020. Additionally, a recent industry survey from October 2017 indicated that spending on data will be a prime area of focus for brands and advertising agencies in the coming years. Of those agencies and brands surveyed, 59% of agencies and 55% of brands said big data will be an important area for their business. Given the growth potential of the marketplace, the focus on data from our core customers and our attractive product offering, we expect to be able to grow our Insights revenue going forward.

Competition

The mobile media and data communications market for products and services is competitive with the rapid growth and adoption of mobile data services, along with the increased demand for mobile marketing and advertising solutions. We expect new market entrants, existing competitors and nontraditional players to introduce new products and services that compete with our products. Additionally, we face the risk that our customers may seek to develop in-house products as an alternative to those currently being provided by us.

Our competition varies across our different product lines. For advertisement delivery, measurement and attribution and insights we will typically face different competitors, with some competitors overlapping into multiple product lines. Companies like ArcGIS, CARTO, Cuebiq, Facebook, Foursquare, Google, GroundTruth, Mapbox, NinthDecimal, Placed (part of SNAP), PlaceIQ, ThinkNear and Verve compete with us in one or more of our product lines.

Business Seasonality

Our revenue, cash flow from operations, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, operating results, and other key operating and financial measures may vary from quarter to quarter due to the seasonal nature of our client’s spending. For example, many buyers of advertising devote a disproportionate amount of their advertising budgets to the fourth quarter of the calendar year to coincide with increased holiday purchasing. We expect our revenue, cash flow, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, operating results and other key operating and financial measures to fluctuate based on seasonal factors from period to period and expect these measures to be higher in the fourth quarters than in prior quarters.

Working Capital Requirements

The majority of our revenue is generated from the sale of our Ad Placement products. While we attempt to coordinate collections from our customers (brands, advertising agencies, out-of-home advertisers, and other non-media companies) to fund our payment obligations to our sellers (ad exchanges, ad networks and publishers), we will typically purchase and pay for our inventory before we receive payment from our customers. Competitive pressure in the digital advertising industry has caused customers to slow the timing of their payments to us. As a result of these dynamics, our cash flow could be adversely affected as we will likely continue to use working capital to fund our accounts payable pending collection from our customers. This may result in additional cash expenditures and cause us to forego or defer other more productive uses of that working capital. Also, there can be no assurances that we will not experience bad debt in the future. Any such write-offs for bad debt could have a materially negative effect on our results of operations for the periods in which the write-offs occur.

Certain Agreements

Our business agreements consist primarily of customer agreements and inventory purchase agreements. Customer agreements are typically agreements with companies that have sales relationships with the end users of the transacted media content, service application, or data transactions. These agreements typically involve a split of the fees received between the brand owner and us or a fixed fee per transaction. Inventory purchase agreements are vendor relationships from whom we purchase the space to deliver the transacted media content.

Our revenue earned during the three months ended March 31, 2018, and 2017 included approximately 46% and 10%, respectively, from contracts with one customer and one specific advertising agency, respectively.

On February 7, 2017, the Company together with its wholly-owned subsidiary, SITO Mobile Solutions, Inc., entered into an asset purchase agreement pursuant to which the Company sold certain assets related to its legacy wireless applications business which completed the Company’s exit from its legacy non-core business.

The assets and liabilities of our wireless applications are classified as discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and the operating results of the wireless applications business are reflected as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Results of Operations

Results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain data derived from our Statement of Operations (in millions):

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of sales represented by certain items reflected in our Statement of Operations (in millions):

Earnings

The Company reported a net loss from continuing operations before income taxes and earnings from joint ventures for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of approximately $5.2 million compared to a net loss from continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 of approximately $3.1 million, representing an increase in net loss of approximately $2.1 million. The increase in net loss is due primarily to the $1.2 million increase in gross profit from continuing operations, a $0.1 million decrease in earnings from the joint venture, a $0.6 increase in gain on revaluation of warrant liability, and $0.4 million decrease in interest expense. These were offset by: (i) an increase of $2.6 million in general and administrative costs from continuing operations, and (ii) a $1.8 million increase in sales and marketing expense from continuing operations.

The Company reported a net loss from continuing operations on a fully diluted basis of $0.22 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2018 based on 23,724,307 weighted average shares outstanding, as compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $0.15 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2017, based on 20,681,047 weighted average shares outstanding. The increase in the number of weighted average shares reflects the issuance of shares of common stock due to 3,076,041 shares issued during our February 2018 offering and issued shares upon the exercise of stock options.

Revenue

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, our revenue increased by $4.5 million, or 70%, to $11.1 million as compared to $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was primarily due to an increase in the number of campaigns and the execution of larger deals as we continue to expand our direct sales force and increase our customer base, resulting in a $1.3 million increase in gross profit.

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, contracts with one customer accounted for 46% of the Company’s total revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, one advertising agency accounted for 10% of the Company’s total revenue.

Expenses

Our cost of revenue, which represents the costs primarily associated with media placement revenues, increased by $3.3 million, or 97%, to $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Cost of revenue has increased faster than revenue due to lower margins on television media contracts, and the costs of acquiring new customers as we continue to diversify our customer base and enter into business with larger customers, in addition to continued depreciation and amortization expense of our mobile engagement technology platforms that we use to operate our media placement business, which is included in cost of revenue. Our technology investment that drives our revenue growth is focused on our mobile engagement platform through software development efforts. We capitalize the cost of developing our mobile engagement platform and amortize our investment over three years.

Sales and marketing expense increased $1.8 million, or 51%, to $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase is due primarily to the expansion of our direct sales force and customer management personnel, which trends in line with the increase in media placement revenue. Sales and marketing expense decreased as a percentage of revenue from 53% to 47% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as we continue to refine and create efficiencies within our sales process.

General and administrative expenses excluding certain non-recurring expenses, increased by approximately $3.5 million to $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to the increases in compensation expense for the executive and non-executive team, including the expansion of non-executive headcount hires as we continue to reinvest in the business.

Certain non-recurring expenses, which are classified in general and administrative expenses and are broken out in the table below, amounted to approximately $0.1 and $0.9 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017. Once concluded, we expect these fees will not continue as an ongoing expense. There are five major categories of these non-recurring expenses as follows:

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, stock-based compensation expense increased $1.7 million or 512% from $0.3 million to $2.1 million due to the issuance of stock options and RSU’s.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We believe that adequate liquidity and cash generation is important to the execution of our strategic initiatives. Our ability to fund our operations, acquisitions, capital expenditures, and product development efforts may depend on our ability to generate cash from operating activities which is subject to future operating performance, as well as general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions, some of which may be beyond our control. Our primary sources of liquidity are primarily from the sale of common stock. On February 9, 2018, the Company issued 2,600,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $5.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $13.0 million. On February 22, 2018, the Company issued an additional 390,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $5.00 per share, in connection with the exercise of an underwriter’s option, for gross proceeds of an additional $1.8 million.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, selected data reflected in our Balance Sheet (in millions):

At March 31, 2018, we had $11.9 million in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities compared to $3.6 million of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities at December 31, 2017. The increase in cash is due to the offering of common stock in February 2018. We believe that our current cash levels and our cash flows from future operations will be adequate to meet anticipated working capital needs, anticipated levels of capital expenditures, and contractual obligations for the next twelve months.

At March 31, 2018, we had total assets of $31.5 million as compared to $27.4 million as of December 31, 2017. Accounts receivable decreased $4.0 million to $9.0 million due to increased collections of outstanding accounts receivable during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Other assets of $10.6 million decreased $0.1 million from $10.8 million due primarily to amortization of our patent portfolio.

At March 31, 2018, we had total liabilities of $11.6 million as compared to $18.2 million as of December 31, 2017. Accounts payable and accrued expenses decreased by a combined $5.8 million from $16.4 million to $10.6 million due primarily to payments of vendors used from the proceeds of the February 2018 common stock offering, and decrease of accrual of a legal settlement. All other liabilities decreased $0.8 million due primarily to the paydown of the note under the NPA.

A summary of our cash provided by and used in operating, investing, and financing activities is as follows (in millions):

Net cash used by operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $5.5 million, compared to $0.8 million used for the corresponding period in 2017. The increase of approximately $4.7 million in net operating cash flows was due to an approximately $3.3 million change in cash used in continuing operations principally caused by a decrease of accounts receivable offset by a change in accrued expenses.

Net cash used by investing activities

Net cash used by investing activities was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $0.2 million in the corresponding period for 2017. The decrease is due primarily to the $0.4 million decrease in purchases on new property and equipment and patent application costs, in addition to a decrease of $0.3 million in cash provided by discontinued operations.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $13.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to net cash used of $0.8 million for the corresponding period in 2017 due to the proceeds of common stock issued.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (“Evaluation Date”), pursuant to Rule 13a15(b) under the Exchange Act.

Based upon that evaluation, management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, concluded on March 31, 2018 that, due to the material weakness described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the Evaluation Date.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness we identified relates to an insufficient complement of finance and accounting resources within the organization to ensure the proper application of U.S. GAAP with respect to the Company’s complex non-routine transactions. This material weakness was in part attributable to high turnover with respect to the Company’s board of directors, management, chief financial officer, accounting staff and independent outside auditors over the last few years, particularly in the first three quarters of 2017. Specifically, we have determined that (1) our controls over complex non-routine transactions were not designed to capture all non-routine activities and (2) our controls were not designed to ensure that complex non-routine transactions are adequately analyzed and accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Specifically, in the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company recorded certain audit adjustments with respect to the interim periods of 2017, including those relating to (i) our accounting treatment of certain professional fees from our July 2017 offering of common stock (ii) our accounting treatment of revenue derived from our joint venture with Personalized Media Communications, LLC and the presentation of the earnings from such joint venture and (iii) the classification of the issuance of warrants as a liability with the related marked-to-market revaluation each reporting period. In addition, the Company recorded an audit adjustment with respect to the $3.5 million payment to the TAR Group to settle certain litigation and terminate our obligations under the NPA in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Notwithstanding the existence of the material weakness, management believes that the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, the Company’s financial condition as of the Evaluation Date, and results of its operations and cash flows for the period ended on Evaluation Date, in conformity with “U.S. GAAP”.

Remedial Actions

We plan to address the material weakness identified as follows:

Management believes the foregoing efforts will effectively remediate the material weakness. As we continue to evaluate and work to improve our internal control over financial reporting, management may determine to take additional measures to address control deficiencies or determine to modify the remediation plan described above. We cannot assure you, however, when we will remediate such weakness, nor can we be certain of whether additional actions will be required or the costs of any such actions.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our system of internal control over financial reporting occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 - Legal Proceedings

TAR SITO LendCo Litigation

On November 3, 2017, a complaint was filed against the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York (the “Complaint”) by TAR. The Complaint alleged that the Company has breached its obligations to undertake best efforts to diligently pursue the monetization of the Patents under the NPA and to provide timely information with respect to the Company’s intellectual property to the Revenue Participant (as defined in the NPA), in addition to other alleged minor technical and curable defaults.

On February 20, 2018, the Company and the TAR Group, entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the NPA was terminated and discharged and all pending litigation between the Company and the members of the TAR Group was dismissed with prejudice in exchange for a lump sum payment of $3.5 million from the Company to the TAR Group. No future amounts are due with respect to the NPA or the Revenue Stream.

Item 1A - Risk Factors

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, Part I – Item 1A, Risk Factors, describes important risk factors that could cause our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects to differ materially from those indicated or suggested by forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q or presented elsewhere by management from time to time. There have been no material changes during the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I – Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017.

Item 6 – Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.