SMITH & WESSON BRANDS, INC. - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019

Commission file number 1-31552

American Outdoor Brands Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

2100 Roosevelt Avenue

Springfield, Massachusetts 01104

(800) 331-0852

(Address including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No   ☒

The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (47,560,970 shares) based on the last reported sale price of the registrant’s Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on October 31, 2018, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $650,634,079. For purposes of this computation, all officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners of the registrant

are deemed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed to be an admission that such officers, directors, or 10% beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates of the registrant.

As of June 17, 2019, there were outstanding 54,801,943 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $.001 per share.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

AMERICAN OUTDOOR BRANDS CORPORATION

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended April 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Smith & Wesson®, S&W®, M&P®, M&P Shield®, Performance Center®, Bodyguard®, EZ®, Governor®, SW22 Victory®, T/C ®, America’s Master Gunmaker®, Compass®, Contender®, Dimension®, Encore®, Number 13®, T17®, Triumph®, Weather Shield®, Ammo Vault®, Caldwell®, Delta Force®, Delta Series®, Fieldpod®, Galaxy®, Wheeler®, Tipton®, Frankford Arsenal®, Lockdown®, BOG®, Golden Rod®, Mag Charger®, Hooyman®, Schrade®, Old Timer®, Uncle Henry®, Imperial®, Non-Typical Wildlife Solutions®, Crimson Trace®, Lasergrips®, Laserguard®, Rail Master®, Shockstop®, Kryptonyte®, Laserlyte®, Reaction Tyme®, Trigger Tyme®, Score Tyme®, Quick Tyme®, Rumble Tyme®, Key Gear®, U-Dig-It®, BUBBA®, Bubba Blade®, One Cut and You’re Through®, Gemtech®, G-Core®, Halo®, Integra®, Mist-22®, The Professional’s Choice for Decades®, World Class Silencers®, LiNQ®, and Stinky Bubba® are some of the registered U.S. trademarks of our company or one of our subsidiaries. American Outdoor Brands Corporation^SM, M2.0™, SDVE™, Thompson/Center Arms™, Impact!™, Strike™, Venture™, Hydrosled™, Intellidropper™, M-Press™, Night Terror™, Officer™, Engineered for the Unknown™, The Ultimate Lifestyle™, Water to Plate™, Your Land. Your Legacy™, Complete Focus™, Defender Series™, Instinctive Activation™, Master Series™,

MOC™, UST™, Zinx™, Blast Jacket™, One™, The Professional’s Choice for Decades™, Turkinator™, and World Class Ammunition™ are some of the unregistered trademarks of our company or one of our subsidiaries. This report also may contain trademarks and trade names of other companies.

This report includes market and industry data that we obtained from industry publications, third-party studies and surveys, government agency sources, filings of public companies in our industry, and internal company surveys. Industry publications and surveys generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Although we believe the foregoing industry and market data to be reliable at the date of the report, this information could prove to be inaccurate as a result of a variety of matters.

Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information

The statements contained in this annual report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our “expectations,” “anticipations,” “intentions,” “beliefs,” “contemplations,” “projections,” “predications,” or “strategies” regarding the future. Forward-looking statements also include, among other things, statements regarding our objectives, goals, strategies, plans, and focus; net sales, margins, expenses, earnings, royalties, and capital expenditures for fiscal 2020 and thereafter; the amount of environmental and other reserves; estimates of fair value; goodwill and intangible assets; the effect of a variety of economic, social, political, legislative, and regulatory factors on our business; the outcome of the lawsuits and claims to which we are subject and their effect on us; future investments for capital expenditures; future products and product developments; the features and performance of our products; the success of particular product or marketing programs; any manufacturing partnerships, strategic alliances, or acquisitions we may enter into or make; future enterprise resource planning implementations and system improvements; future enhancements to our manufacturing capabilities; the successful operational implementation of our new national logistics facility; the benefits of our new national logistics facility; and liquidity and anticipated cash needs and availability. All forward-looking statements included in this report are based on information available to us as of the filing date of this report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are the factors discussed under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

PART I

Item 1. Business

Introduction

We are a leading manufacturer, designer, and provider of consumer products for the shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor enthusiast. We are one of the largest manufacturers of handguns, modern sporting rifles, and handcuffs in the United States and an active participant in the hunting rifle and suppressor markets. We are also a leading provider of shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor products and accessories, including knives and cutting tools, sighting lasers, shooting supplies, tree saws, and survival gear.

Smith & Wesson was founded in 1852 by Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson. Mr. Wesson purchased Mr. Smith’s interest in 1873. The Wesson family sold Smith & Wesson Corp., our wholly owned subsidiary, to Bangor Punta Corp. in 1965. Lear Siegler Corporation purchased Bangor Punta in 1984, thereby acquiring ownership of Smith & Wesson Corp. Forstmann Little & Co. purchased Lear Siegler in 1986 and sold Smith & Wesson Corp. shortly thereafter to Tomkins Corporation, an affiliate of U.K.-based Tomkins PLC. We purchased Smith & Wesson Corp. from Tomkins in May 2001 and renamed our company Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation.

In January 2017, we changed the name of our company from Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation to American Outdoor Brands Corporation to better reflect our expanding strategic focus on the growing markets for shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor enthusiasts. We believe that the name “American Outdoor Brands Corporation” better reflects our family of brands, our broad range of product offerings, and our plan to continue building upon our portfolio of strong American brands. We have two reporting segments: (1) Firearms and (2) Outdoor Products & Accessories.

In our Firearms segment, we manufacture a wide array of handguns (including revolvers and pistols), long guns (including modern sporting rifles, bolt action rifles, and muzzleloaders), handcuffs, suppressors, and other firearm-related products for sale to a wide variety of customers, including gun enthusiasts, collectors, hunters, sportsmen, competitive shooters, individuals desiring home and personal protection, law enforcement and security agencies and officers, and military agencies in the United States and throughout the world. We sell our firearm products under the Smith & Wesson, M&P, Performance Center, Thompson/Center Arms, and Gemtech brands. We manufacture our firearm products at our facilities in Springfield, Massachusetts, Houlton, Maine, and Deep River, Connecticut. We also sell our manufacturing services to other businesses to level-load our factories. We sell those services under our Smith & Wesson and Smith & Wesson Precision Components brands.

In our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment, we design, source, distribute, and manufacture reloading, gunsmithing, and gun cleaning supplies; high-quality stainless-steel cutting tools and accessories; flashlights; tree saws and related trimming accessories; shooting supplies, rests, and other related accessories; apparel; vault accessories; laser grips and laser sights; and a full range of products for survival and emergency preparedness. We sell our outdoor products and accessories under the following brands: Caldwell, Wheeler, Tipton, Frankford Arsenal, Lockdown, Hooyman, BOG, Crimson Trace, Imperial, Schrade, Old Timer, Uncle Henry, BUBBA, Smith & Wesson, M&P, Thompson/Center, and UST. We develop and market our outdoor products and accessories at our facilities in Columbia, Missouri; Wilsonville, Oregon; and Jacksonville, Florida. We have announced a plan to transition our Ultimate Survival Technologies, LLC, or UST, business and operations located in our facility in Jacksonville, Florida to our Columbia, Missouri facility during the first quarter of fiscal 2020.

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Our objective is to continue to strengthen our position as one of the world’s leading firearm manufacturers and expand our position as a provider of high-quality and innovative outdoor products and accessories for the shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor markets.

Key elements of our strategy to achieve this objective and deliver long-term stockholder value are as follows:

We estimate that the annual domestic non-military firearm market based on industry shipments is approximately $2.2 billion for handguns and $2.0 billion for long guns, excluding shotguns, with our market share in calendar 2018, based on the latest data, being approximately 14.5% and 5.1%, respectively. According to 2017 reports by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, or ATF, the U.S. firearm manufacturing industry has shown no compound annual growth between 2012 and 2017 in spite of individual years where units manufactured have grown as much as 26.0% in one year.

A report issued by the Outdoor Industry Association, a leading trade organization for the outdoor industry, estimates that the annual U.S. domestic hunting and shooting market is approximately $16 billion, while the annual U.S. domestic outdoor recreation market is approximately $90 billion to $100 billion, which includes hunting and shooting, as well as camping, fishing, trail sports, and wildlife watching.

We have substantially expanded and diversified our business in recent years through internal growth and strategic acquisitions. The following table sets forth certain information about the current product lines that we added to our operations through acquisitions in the fiscal years indicated:

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We maintain our principal executive offices at 2100 Roosevelt Avenue, Springfield, Massachusetts 01104. Our telephone number is (800) 331-0852. Our website is located at www.aob.com. Through our website, we make available free of charge our annual reports on Form 10-K, our proxy statements, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to any of these documents filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These documents are available as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. We also post on our website the charters of our Audit, Compensation, and Nominations and Corporate Governance Committees; our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Code of Conduct, and any amendments or waivers thereto; and any other corporate governance materials contemplated by the regulations of the SEC and the Nasdaq Global Select Market. These documents are also available in print by contacting our corporate secretary at our executive offices.

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Strategy

Our objective is to be the leading provider of quality products for the shooting, hunting, and outdoor enthusiast by enhancing our position as one of the world’s leading firearm manufacturers and expanding our position as a provider of high-quality outdoor products and accessories for the shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor markets. Key elements of our strategy to achieve this objective are as follows:

Drive Organic Growth by Leveraging Brands and Designing Innovative New Products

We are focused on driving organic growth by ensuring a robust new product pipeline and leveraging our brands to help us to increase market share in markets in which we participate and to expand into adjacent and complementary markets.

As we focus on all of our brands, we plan to continue to expand existing customer relationships built on brand loyalty and trust. Thus, we will seek to (1) enter market segments that match our core consumer’s passions for shooting, hunting, and outdoor activities, (2) acquire and create brands that are authentic, innovative, and differentiated in the market, (3) support and retain management teams that have an intimate understanding of the end consumer, a demonstrated track record of success, and a clear strategy for growth, and (4) meet profitability goals by providing an acceptable rate of return within the shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor markets. In addition, our goal is to continue to build our business in ways that allow us to optimize our current channel relationships, which serve our existing consumers, including distributors, large strategic retailers, buying groups, and internet retailers.

We plan to leverage our brands in Firearms by (1) capitalizing on the goodwill developed through our historic 167 year old “Smith & Wesson” brand as well as our extensive portfolio of other well-known brands, such as M&P, Performance Center, Thompson/Center Arms, and Gemtech, (2) enhancing our relationships with key retailers, distributors, and buying groups and using our standard margin advantage to engage in competitive promotional activities, and (3) introducing new products, especially in the polymer handgun market as represented by our M&P brand. During the last two fiscal years, we have introduced numerous new products, including variations and product lines around the Smith & Wesson, M&P, Thompson/Center, Gemtech, and Performance Center brands. We plan to continue to introduce new firearm products in fiscal 2020.

With 20 unique brands in Outdoor Products & Accessories, including the iconic Smith & Wesson brand, we have created a handful of talented teams, referred to as “brand lanes,” that are organized around a common set of brand characteristics and consumer types. Each brand lane has dedicated brand management, creative design, and content production teams that work closely with product management, product development, and engineering functions. This structure allows us to focus on a full spectrum of brand and product initiatives with detailed brand activation plans centered around marketing, sales, and e-commerce teams. Under the brand lane structure, marketing generates digital and related content while the e-commerce teams distribute that content, and the sales team works with retailers to coordinate channel marketing activities. We have modernized and upgraded many of our outdoor and accessory brands, which now include Caldwell (shooting range products), Tipton (gun cleaning products), Wheeler (gunsmithing tools), Frankford Arsenal (ammunition reloading products), Hooyman (land management tools), BOG (hunting gear), Uncle Henry (hunting knives/tools), Old Timer (cutlery/tools), Imperial (cutlery/tools), Lockdown (storage solutions), Crimson Trace (firearm aiming solutions), LaserLyte (firearm training systems), UST (survival and camping products), Schrade (camp cutlery/tools), BUBBA (fishing gear), and KeyGear (camping products and tools). We also offer firearm accessories and non-firearm accessories, such as flashlights and knives, under our Firearms brands, including Smith & Wesson, M&P, Performance Center, and Thompson/Center Arms.

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Design, Produce, and Market High-Quality Products that Drive Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty

We are focused on designing, producing, and marketing high-quality, innovative firearms, hunting, and rugged outdoor products and accessories that meet the needs and desires of our consumer and professional customers and that drive customer satisfaction and loyalty.  Our ongoing research and development, product engineering, product sourcing, marketing, and distribution activities are critical components of our ability to offer successful products.

We believe that by offering high-quality products and services on a timely and cost-effective basis, as well as providing world-class customer service, training, and support, we will drive customer satisfaction and loyalty.  We regard our high-quality, innovative products as the most important aspect of our customer satisfaction and loyalty, but we also offer customer service and support with various programs, such as toll-free customer support numbers, e-mail customer question and answer communications, broad service policies, and product warranties.

Create a Leverageable Infrastructure by Streamlining and Standardizing our Business Operations, including Optimizing Product Distribution

We intend to continue to streamline and standardize certain administrative functions of our business. For example, we operate in a shared services structure so that support and administrative functions, including human resources, accounting, finance, program management, legal, compliance, environmental, health, and safety, or EH&S, and information technology, can be leveraged across multiple locations to achieve efficiency and improved internal controls. In addition, we are leveraging our manufacturing expertise by creating a manufacturing services platform in our Springfield, Massachusetts facility. A streamlined and standardized approach requires investing in an integrated and configurable technology infrastructure in areas such as enterprise resource planning, or ERP, and compliance. We intend to continue investing in such systems to further enhance our efficiency, improve information reporting, and strengthen internal controls. These system improvements include the expansion of our existing SAP system to eventually cover substantially all of our facilities.

We are streamlining and standardizing our business operations, and simplifying our go-to-process, by optimizing our sales and product distribution through a centralized sales and logistics facility in Columbia, Missouri, which we have recently constructed. All business functions of our Outdoor Products & Accessories division will also eventually be housed at this facility, which we are calling our Missouri campus. We are in the process of eliminating 575,000 square feet of operations, office, warehouse, and third-party space across multiple locations and folding those operations into the Missouri campus. The objective of this strategy is to centralize the inventory management, sales, and distribution of finished products to optimize logistics expertise and yield optimal sales and tax efficiencies, as well as to more quickly harvest financial synergies from acquisitions. This strategy will also generate capacity for future growth and is also expected to eventually yield higher inventory turns, better customer service, and an ability to support an omni-channel customer base as our company expands further into the rugged outdoor market.

Pursue Acquisitions that are Synergistic with our Current Business

We intend to continue to complement our organic growth initiatives by pursuing strategic acquisitions that will enable us to expand our product offerings by leveraging existing brands and adding new brands, penetrate adjacent and complementary markets, increase our marketing and distribution, and enhance virtual integration, especially when we believe we can improve the performance and profitability of an acquired company through the implementation of our operating methods, strategies, and shared services center structure. During the last four fiscal years, we have spent nearly $400.0 million on acquiring companies and brands to support our growth in the outdoor products and accessories market. For example, in fiscal 2015, the TTPP acquisition provided vertical integration and the BTI acquisition allowed us to expand our presence in the accessories and outdoor products markets and to leverage BTI’s broad portfolio of hunting and shooting accessories brands. In addition, the BTI acquisition allowed us to leverage key firearm brands, such as Smith & Wesson, M&P, and Thompson/Center Arms, expanding those brands into the accessories market with products such as flashlights, knives, and tools. In fiscal 2017, we acquired Crimson Trace Corporation, Taylor Brands, LLC, and Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc., which allowed us to capitalize on established brands to expand into the electro-optics, knife, and survival and camping equipment markets, respectively. We further expanded our knife offerings, and entered the large fishing accessories market, in fiscal 2018 when we purchased Bubba Blade branded knives, a provider of premium branded sports knives and tools for fishing and hunting. We have now expanded that business into other types of fishing gear and accessories, as

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well as rebranded it as BUBBA. We further expanded our offerings in fiscal 2018 and 2019 when we acquired Gemini Technologies, Incorporated, or Gemtech, a leading provider of quality suppressors and accessories for the consumer, law enforcement, and military market, as well as LaserLyte, a provider of laser training and sighting products for the consumer market.

Firearm Products and Manufacturing Services

General

Our firearm products combine our legacy of 167 years of American manufacturing and engineering expertise with modern technological advances. We strive to leverage our tradition of innovation in materials, performance, and engineering, along with our proven history of reliability, to produce feature-rich, safe, durable, accurate, and high-performing firearms that satisfy the needs of our broad range of customers. Our introduction of new firearm products is intended to enhance our competitive position and broaden our participation in the overall firearm market.

We have substantially enhanced the breadth and quality of our portfolio of firearm products over the years. We have always been a leader in the revolver market. The introduction of our popular M&P branded pistol in January 2005 resulted in our company becoming one of the leaders in the polymer pistol market as well, serving both the consumer sporting goods market and law enforcement agencies. The launch of our M&P branded modern sporting rifle in January 2006 has enabled us to capture what we estimate is the leading share of the modern sporting rifle market. The addition of our Thompson/Center Arms brand of hunting firearms and interchangeable firearm systems into our product portfolio in January 2007 enhanced our long gun barrel manufacturing capabilities for our modern sporting rifles. The addition of our Gemtech branded suppressor products in August 2017 expanded our firearm related product offerings. Our suppressors are compatible with most pistols and rifles on the market and complement our firearm products. We currently participate in three categories of the long gun market: bolt action rifles, muzzleloaders, and modern sporting rifles; and both core categories of the handgun market: semi-automatic pistols and revolvers.

All of our firearms and firearm related products are currently sold under our Smith & Wesson, M&P, Performance Center, Thompson/Center Arms, and Gemtech brands. Our customers include distributors; federal, state, and municipal law enforcement agencies and officers; government and military agencies; retailers; and consumers.

Our product development strategy is to understand our customers’ needs and preferences and then design and develop products to uniquely meet those requirements. Throughout this process, we test multiple concepts with firearm owners and potential purchasers. We compare these test results against a growing database of prior concepts to identify those with the greatest market potential. Additional market research is completed to optimize the desired features and benefits. While this development process is ongoing, our launch timing for new products depends on market conditions to maximize sales across the entire product portfolio. In fiscal 2019, we launched several new products and product line extensions under our Smith & Wesson, M&P, Performance Center, Thompson/Center Arms, and Gemtech brands.

Firearm Products

In fiscal 2019, we further expanded our Smith & Wesson branded products by reintroducing the Model 610 10mm revolver, a stainless-steel revolver available in 4” and 6.5” barrel lengths, designed for personal protection and hunting. We also introduced our enhanced version of our Model 642 small frame revolver with a Crimson Trace Lasergrip.

In fiscal 2019, we introduced several additions and enhancements to our popular line of M&P branded pistols and M&P modern sporting rifles. We enhanced our M&P M2.0 product platform by introducing a 45 Auto caliber model for our M&P M2.0 compact series and we added a shorter 3.6 inch barrel to our M&P M2.0 compact series 9mm and 40 S&W caliber models. Our compact series M&P M2.0 pistols, introduced in fiscal 2018, offer the same features as the full-size M&P M2.0 pistols, including a lighter, crisp trigger pull and a tactile, audible reset, as well as an aggressive grip texture for increased control and four interchangeable dimensional palmswell grip sizes. The M&P M2.0 compact received the NRA American Rifleman Golden Bullseye Award for Handgun of the Year.

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We further enhanced our M&P M2.0 product platform, and enhanced our already popular M&P Shield pistol products, by offering a 45 Auto caliber for our concealed carry M&P Shield M2.0 pistol. This M&P45 Shield M2.0 pistol features an aggressive grip texture for increased control and a lighter crisp trigger pull and is offered with a Crimson Trace integrated red or green laser.

In addition, we enhanced our popular M&P380 Shield EZ pistol by adding a Crimson Trace green Laserguard. Our M&P380 Shield EZ was awarded two NRA Publications Golden Bullseye Awards and was the top scoring pistol in the American Rifleman’s Ladies Pistol Project #3 study. The M&P380 Shield EZ features an easy-to-rack slide, easy-to-load magazine, and easy-to-clean design that allows consumers of all statures and strengths the opportunity to own, comfortably practice with, and effectively utilize this pistol for personal protection. Since its introduction in 2012, the M&P Shield pistol has become one of the most popular concealed carry firearms in the market as demonstrated by the milestone shipment of the three millionth M&P Shield pistol in fiscal 2019.

Within our M&P rifle products, we enhanced our M&P 15-22 SPORT and M&P 15-22 SPORT II by adding optic-ready rifles complete with a mounted Crimson Trace red or green dot electronic sight.

Our customers continue to demand premium firearms that provide a competitive edge in sport shooting and hunting. Our Performance Center products are engineered and manufactured to meet this need, and they incorporate many custom features not found on our standard products, such as enhanced triggers for smoother trigger pull, ported barrels for better muzzle control, and specialty sights for quicker target acquisition. During fiscal 2019, we expanded our Performance Center revolver offerings with the introduction of two new Model 19 revolvers and a Model 442 revolver that can be used for competition shooting, hunting, and personal protection. We also introduced a new Performance Center SW22 Victory target pistol for competition shooting with a scandium light weight frame and easy-to-rack slide. In addition, we introduced six new long-range rifles and two new .22 caliber rifles for hunting and target shooting.

Within our Thompson/Center Arms branded products, we continued to focus on expanding our bolt action rifle business while maintaining our leadership in muzzleloaders and interchangeable systems. We introduced the Thompson/Center T/CR22 semi-automatic rifle, which is designed to meet the needs and desires of hunters, plinkers, and first-time shooters. The T/CR22 offers a green fiber optic front sight, an adjustable rear peep sight for quick target acquisitions, a built in Picatinny rail system, a threaded barrel, and a 10-round rotary magazine.

Our firearm business is seasonal with revenue generally peaking in our fourth fiscal quarter, which ends April 30, as a result of most industry events and distributor shows normally scheduled during the early spring months. In addition, because of our operating schedule, which includes a summer and a winter shutdown of our firearm manufacturing facilities, we have an increased number of operating days in our fourth fiscal quarter, which allows our shipping and production volumes to exceed other quarters. Seasonality, however, can be disrupted by external events that may drive sales or impact channel inventories, which may slow or accelerate our sales.

Firearms net sales for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were $478.5 million, $449.0 million, and $773.0 million, respectively. Firearm gross profit for the years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 totaled $152.8 million, $123.2 million, and $314.6 million, respectively. Total assets for our Firearms business totaled $389.7 million and $346.5 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Refer to our consolidated financial statements, commencing on page F-1 of this report, for more information regarding our firearm business.

Sales of our handguns accounted for $336.9 million, or 52.8%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019; $326.3 million, or 53.8%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018; and $556.6 million, or 61.6%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017. Sales of long guns accounted for $107.7 million, or 16.9%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019; $90.2 million, or 14.9%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018; and $179.6 million, or 19.9%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017. Sales of other products and services accounted for $33.9 million, or 5.3%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019; $32.5 million, or 5.4%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018; and $36.8 million, or 4.1%, of total net sales for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017.

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Handguns

We currently manufacture an extensive variety of handgun models that includes revolvers and pistols. A revolver is a handgun with a cylinder that holds the ammunition in a series of rotating chambers that are successively aligned with the barrel of the firearm during each firing cycle. There are two general types of revolvers: single-action and double-action. To fire a single-action revolver, the hammer is pulled back to cock the firearm and align the cylinder before the trigger is pulled. To fire a double-action revolver, a single trigger pull advances the cylinder as it cocks and releases the hammer. A pistol is a handgun in which the ammunition chamber is an integral part of the barrel and which is fed ammunition from a magazine contained in the grip. The firing cycle ejects the spent casings and loads a new round into the chamber.

We have long been known as an innovator and leader in the revolver market, and most of our revolvers are currently marketed under the Smith & Wesson brand. We sell a wide range of sizes from small-frame revolvers used primarily for concealed carry and personal protection to large-frame revolvers used primarily for recreational and competitive sport shooting. Our extra-large frame revolvers primarily address the handgun-hunting market.

Our small-frame revolvers have been carried by law enforcement personnel and personal defense-minded citizens for 167 years. We hold a number of patents on various firearm applications, including the use of scandium, a material that possesses many of the same attributes as titanium but at a more reasonable cost. Our revolvers are available in a variety of models and calibers, with applications in virtually all professional and consumer markets.

We offer pistols under our Smith & Wesson, M&P, and Performance Center brands. Our full size and compact M&P pistol products have been engineered with input from professional users and are designed to offer performance, safety, and durability that meet the standards of global law enforcement and military personnel, as well as features attractive to consumers. We believe that our M&P branded pistol products are the most ergonomic, feature-rich, and innovative products on the market today. Our range of full size and compact M&P pistol products are made with a polymer frame, a rigid stainless steel chassis, and a black, through-hardened corrosion resistant finished stainless steel barrel and slide for durability. Our M&P pistol products feature patented and easily changed palmswell grips in three or four sizes, allowing the user to customize grips in a matter of seconds; a passive trigger safety to prevent the pistol from firing if dropped; an enlarged trigger guard to accommodate gloved hands; a sear lever release that eliminates the need to press the trigger in order to disassemble the firearm; an ambidextrous slide stop and reversible magazine release to accommodate right- and left-handed shooters; an optional internal locking system and magazine safety; and a universal equipment rail to allow the addition of accessories, including lights and lasers.

In fiscal 2012, we launched the M&P Shield pistol to address the growing personal protection and concealed carry market. The M&P Shield features a slim concealable profile, 9mm, 380 Auto, 40 S&W, and 45 Auto calibers, and M&P ergonomics. We introduced additional M&P Shield models during fiscal 2019. We believe the M&P Shield pistol is one of the most popular firearms in the market, having surpassed the three millionth unit shipped in fiscal 2019.

Our Performance Center has been providing specialized products and services for the most demanding shooting sports enthusiasts since 1990. To meet the requirements of law enforcement professionals, competitive shooters, collectors, and discriminating sport enthusiasts who demand superior firearm products, our Performance Center personnel conceptualize, engineer, and craft firearm products to create enhanced versions of our standard products. Our craftsmen, many of whom are actively involved in competitive shooting, are highly skilled and experienced gunsmiths. Performance Center products are offered under the Smith & Wesson, M&P, and Thompson/Center brands and are typically made in limited production quantities, although we offer a number of catalog variations in order to increase product availability.

Our “Classics” department makes it possible to own historic firearms that are manufactured today but modeled after original favorites, such as the Model 29, the firearm made famous by the movie character Dirty Harry. These firearms are newly crafted with designs that take advantage of some of the most famous and collectible guns that we have ever made. Our Classics department also makes commemorative firearms and employs master engravers to craft one-of-a-kind custom firearms. These custom-made applications reflect the skill and vision of the master engraver and the artistic expression of the owner. We offer a number of catalog variations of Classics and engraved Classics to our customers.

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Long Guns

Our M&P branded modern sporting rifles are designed to satisfy the functionality and reliability needs of global military, law enforcement, and security personnel. These long guns are popular with consumers as hunting and sporting target rifles and are sold through our sporting good distributors, retailers, and dealers. We offer M&P modern sporting rifles in five different calibers (22LR, 5.56mm NATO (223), 300 Whisper, 308 Winchester (7.62x51mm), and 6.5 Creedmoor) for multiple recreational and professional uses. We also offer upper assemblies so gun owners can easily modify their M&P to suit the needs and tasks of the various forms of sport shooting and hunting. Our broad product portfolio of modern sporting rifles includes a 22 caliber model, an opening price-point sport model, a hunting caliber model for longer range effectiveness, and several models designed for the exclusive use of military and law enforcement agencies throughout the world.

We manufacture three lines of bolt-action rifles under our Thompson/Center Arms brand with several models in each line. These long guns are offered in over 10 different calibers. Bolt-action rifles operate by the cycling of a bolt handle that allows for both the loading and unloading of rounds via a magazine fed system. This design allows for multi-round capacity and a level of strength that supports larger calibers. Our bolt-action rifles feature 5R rifling and a minute of angle guarantee. We offer compact rifles for shooters of smaller stature. Bolt-action rifles are the most popular firearm among hunters because of their reputation for accuracy, reliability, and relatively light-weight design.

Under our Thompson/Center Arms brand, we also offer four lines of high-quality American-made single-shot “black powder,” or “muzzleloader,” firearms. Ammunition for our black powder firearms is loaded through the muzzle rather than the breech, as is the case with conventional firearms. Our black powder firearms are highly accurate, dependable rifles configured with muzzleloading barrels for hunting. Black powder firearms are purchased by hunting enthusiasts, primarily for use during exclusive black powder hunting seasons for hunting big game, such as deer and elk.

We offer two models of interchangeable, single-shot firearm systems that deliver numerous gun, barrel, and caliber configurations, and finishes. These firearm systems can be purchased fully assembled or as frame assemblies that can be configured by the owner as a center-fire rifle, rim-fire rifle, shotgun, black powder firearm, or single-shot handgun for use across the entire range of big- and small-game hunting. As a result, a firearm owner can easily change barrels, stocks, and forends, resulting in “one gun for all seasons” that can be continuously modified to suit the needs and tasks of the owner for various forms of sport shooting and hunting.

Other Products and Manufacturing Services

Our other products and manufacturing services in the firearms segment include the following:

Parts: We sell parts to support our firearm business, including barrels and magazines that are manufactured at our facilities or purchased through third parties.

Handcuffs: We are one of the largest manufacturers of handcuffs and restraints in the United States. We fabricate these products from the highest-grade carbon or stainless steel. Our patented Lever Lock cuffs offer a double-locking system for added security and comfort, without extra tools or keys. Double heat-treated internal locks help prevent tampering and smooth ratchets allow for swift cuffing and an extra measure of safety. We have the ability to customize handcuffs to fit customer specifications.

Smith & Wesson Academy: The Smith & Wesson Academy offers state-of-the-art-instruction designed to meet the training needs of law enforcement and security customers worldwide. This service-only offering sends instructors to provide courses and training to law enforcement and military personnel at their locations in the field.

Suppressors: We are the nation’s oldest firearm suppressor manufacturer and an active participant in the firearm suppressor market around the world. Our Gemtech branded suppressors were the first to market in 1976 and have been involved in setting standards used by the military in suppressor testing, implementation, and safety. Our suppressors are constructed from high grade aluminum, steel, or titanium and are compatible with every major type of rimfire and centerfire pistol and centerfire rifle caliber currently on the market.

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Manufacturing Services: We utilize our substantial manufacturing capabilities to provide services to third-party customers. Our manufacturing services include forging, heat treating, rapid prototyping, tooling, finishing, plating, machining, and custom plastic injection molding. We believe our manufacturing services provide us with increased flexibility and reduced supply chain risk. We also believe that business-to-business sales provide profitable revenue stream diversification and enable us to maximize capacity utilization of our manufacturing assets. We market our manufacturing services division under the Smith & Wesson Precision Components brand name.  

Outdoor Products & Accessories

We are a provider of outdoor products and accessories used in the shooting, hunting, and rugged outdoor markets. We design, source, distribute, and manufacture innovative, high-quality products under 20 brand names.

Our extensive array of products include shooting and field rests, reloading products, gunsmithing tools, knives and cutting tools, fishing gear, gun vises, laser sighting products, optics, and tactical lighting systems, hearing protection, camping and survival gear, and vault accessories. Since 2011, we have introduced over 1,500 variations of outdoor products and accessories products and we currently hold more than 224 patents. Some notable products that we introduced in fiscal 2019 include the Caldwell Hydrosled, the Frankford M-Press, and the BOG Deathgrip, as well as a new line of Crimson Trace branded sights and scopes. We have grown our Outdoor Products & Accessories business inorganically through strategic acquisitions and sustained organic growth to foster meaningful new product introductions each year. Our portfolio includes highly regarded brands such as the Caldwell line of shooting supplies, which has provided shooting accessories for more than 20 years, and Crimson Trace, which has provided laser lighting systems for nearly 25 years. We also sell products under other brand names, including Wheeler, Tipton, Frankford Arsenal, Schrade, Imperial, Uncle Henry, BUBBA, UST, Lockdown, Hooyman, BOG, Old Timer, LaserLyte, and KeyGear. Finally, several of the registered trademarks in our firearm business, including the S&W logo, the script “Smith & Wesson”, the “M&P” logo, the script “Thompson/Center Arms”, and the script “Performance Center” are well known and have a reputation for quality, value, and trustworthiness in the accessories industry. As a result of the sourcing and development skills of the Outdoor Products & Accessories division, we have reduced our licensing activity and are internally developing and marketing products featuring those strong brands. In addition, our brand lane structure enables us to focus on modernizing and upgrading our brands through initiatives developed by our internal marketing, sales, and e-commerce teams.

As noted above, we have built Outdoor Products & Accessories both organically and inorganically. In fiscal 2015, we acquired BTI, a leading provider of hunting and shooting accessories, in order to expand our presence in the firearm accessories and rugged outdoor markets and leverage BTI’s broad portfolio of hunting and shooting accessories brands that are popular with consumers. In fiscal 2017, we expanded our Outdoor Products & Accessories portfolio into the laser sighting market with the acquisition of Crimson Trace Corporation. Crimson Trace, based in Wilsonville, Oregon, is a leader in laser sighting and tactical lighting systems and an important supplier to our firearm business. In addition, in fiscal 2017, we expanded our Outdoor Products & Accessories portfolio by acquiring the net assets of Taylor Brands, LLC and Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc. Taylor Brands, LLC which has been integrated into our BTI business and operates from Columbia, Missouri, is a leading provider of high-quality knives, specialty tools, and accessories. Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc., based in Jacksonville, Florida, now operating as Ultimate Survival Technologies, LLC, or UST, is a provider of high-quality survival and camping equipment, including LED lights, all-weather fire starters, unbreakable signal mirrors, premium outdoor cutting tools, first aid kits, survival kits, and camp kitchen products. In fiscal 2018, we purchased Bubba Blade branded products, a provider of premium branded sports knives and tools for fishing and hunting. In fiscal 2019, we further expanded our Outdoor Products & Accessories portfolio by acquiring LaserLyte branded products, which includes laser training and sighting products for the consumer market.

Unlike our firearm business, which is a manufacturing and sales operation, our principal Outdoor Products & Accessories business model is to design, source, distribute, and produce products focusing on product innovation and highly efficient component-level overseas sourcing. We maintain long-term relationships with key industry accounts and utilize a highly efficient digital advertising and marketing approach. We typically launch well over 150 new outdoor products and accessories SKUs every year.

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Outdoor Products & Accessories net sales were $159.8 million, or 25.0%, of total net sales, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019; $157.9 million, or 26.0%, of total net sales, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018; and $130.2 million, or 14.4%, of total net sales, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017. Results reported include net sales related to acquisitions for the period subsequent to their respective acquisition dates. Our Outdoor Products & Accessories gross profit for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 totaled $73.4 million, $72.5 million, and $60.7 million, respectively. Total assets for our Outdoor Products & Accessories business totaled $377.1 million and $398.5 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Marketing, Sales, and Distribution

General

We go to market in a variety of ways, including two-step distribution, strategic retailers, and buying groups consisting of certain large, regional retailers, utilizing a combination of direct sales and sales representatives to service these customers. We also sell firearms directly to law enforcement agencies and manufacturing services directly to other businesses. In Outdoor Products & Accessories, we also go to market utilizing strategic and online retailers and direct-to-dealer sales utilizing a combination of direct sales and sales representatives. We sell internationally primarily through distributors, which in turn sell to retail stores and government agencies. Our top five commercial distributors in the United States accounted for a total of 30.3% and 38.7%, of our consolidated net sales for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Those commercial distributors are not regionally exclusive and have many of the same dealer customers. Therefore, we believe that the loss of one or more of these distributors would not materially impact sales as the remaining distributors would be allocated additional sales.

We market our products to consumers through independent dealers, large retailers, in-store retail channels, direct to consumer, and range operations using focused marketing and promotional campaigns, which include print, broadcast, and digital advertising campaigns; social and electronic media; and in-store retail merchandising strategies. We are prominently featured in vertical print media, including editorial coverage in an extensive list of leading firearms and outdoor magazines, including Guns & Ammo, American Rifleman, Shooting Times, American Handgunner, Shooting Illustrated, American Hunter, Outdoor Life, and Field & Stream. We also sponsor many outdoor television, internet, and online programs that generate significant editorial exposure.

We sponsor a number of firearm safety, shooting, and hunting events and organizations. We print various product catalogs that are distributed to our dealers and mailed directly, on a limited basis, to consumers. We also attend various trade shows, such as the Shooting, Hunting, Outdoor Trade (SHOT) Show, the NRA Annual Meeting & Exhibits, the National Association of Sporting Goods Wholesalers Show, the International Association of Chiefs of Police Show, the Association of the United States Army Show, or AUSA Show, the International Weapons Exhibition Show, or IWA Show, in Europe, and various distributor, buying group, and consumer shows.

For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, advertising and promotion expenses were $24.3 million, $25.8 million, and $22.3 million, respectively, excluding the cost of rebates and promotions reflected in gross profit. The increase in advertising and promotion expenses was due to the businesses acquired in fiscal year 2018.

We sell our products worldwide. International sales accounted for 5%, 5%, and 3% of our net sales for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. Our businesses own tooling that is located at various suppliers in Asia and North America.  

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Digital Marketing

We utilize our websites, including, www.aob.com, www.smith-wesson.com, www.tcarms.com, www.btibrands.com, www.crimsontrace.com, www.ustbrands.com, and www.gemtech.com, to market our products and services and to provide a wide range of information regarding our company to customers, consumers, dealers, distributors, investors, and government and law enforcement agencies worldwide. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Twitter are effective ways for us to communicate the features and benefits of our products. Our direct to consumer e-mail marketing helps us to further engage our consumers and communicate the value of our brands. We continue to invest in new digital marketing capabilities designed by our e-commerce team to provide best-in-class customer experiences. Utilizing our digital platform, we operate branded e-commerce websites designed to inform, inspire, and prepare our customers for the rugged outdoors. We believe our digital platform supports future sales growth and profitability.  

Retail

We operate online retail stores from which we sell hunting, camping, and shooting accessories under all of our brands. Firearms are not sold through our online retail stores.

Service and Support

We utilize a variety of methods for supporting our consumers and dealers for our Firearms division. We have a toll-free customer service number, e-mail, and social media messaging to answer questions and resolve issues regarding our firearm products. In addition, we offer a limited one-year warranty program and a lifetime service policy under which we repair defects in material or workmanship in our firearm products without charge for as long as the original purchaser owns the firearm. We also maintain a number of authorized warranty centers throughout the world and provide both warranty and charge repair services at our facilities.

We utilize a toll-free customer service number to answer questions and resolve issues regarding our Outdoor Products & Accessories division.  We offer a limited one-year, three-year, limited-lifetime, or full-lifetime warranty program to the original purchaser of our outdoor products and accessories, depending on the product purchased. We also will repair or replace with an item of equivalent value, at our option, certain products or parts that are found to be defective under normal use and service, without charge during the warranty period.

Facilities

We have three manufacturing facilities at which we produce our firearm products: a 575,000 square-foot facility located in Springfield, Massachusetts; a 38,000 square-foot facility located in Houlton, Maine; and a 150,000 square-foot facility located in Deep River, Connecticut. We conduct our handgun and long gun manufacturing and some of our manufacturing service activities at our Springfield facility. Our Houlton facility is a machining center only with no assembly, finishing, or small parts operations. We also produce handcuffs and other restraint devices at our Houlton facility. We use our Deep River facility for custom plastic injection molding services, rapid prototyping, and tooling. All of these facilities are ISO 9001 certified.

We perform in our own facilities most of the machining and all of the assembly, inspection, and testing of the firearms that we sell. We produce our major firearm components utilizing computer-assisted machines. Our skilled employees use sophisticated automated testing equipment to ensure the proper functioning of our firearms. Every firearm is test fired before shipment. Our Springfield and Houlton facilities are currently operating on two shift patterns; a four shift, 168 hour per week schedule and a three shift, 120 hour per week schedule. We seek to minimize inventory costs through an integrated planning and production system. All facilities in our Firearms division operate under SAP, a fully integrated ERP system. We intend to continue investing in improving our facilities and our systems in order to increase efficiency, improve information reporting, and strengthen internal controls.

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In connection with our Outdoor Products & Accessories division, we operate two facilities, each of which consists of a warehouse and connected office space: a 145,000 square-foot building in Columbia, Missouri and a 100,625 square foot building in Jacksonville, Florida. We also operate a 50,000 square-foot light manufacturing, assembly, and warehousing facility with connected office space in Wilsonville, Oregon. We source almost all of our outdoor products and accessories and component parts from third-party contract manufacturers located primarily in Asia and North America. Each of these facilities is ISO 9001 certified.

In fiscal 2017, we announced a plan to establish a national logistics facility in Boone County, Missouri. In fiscal 2018, we broke ground on this new 633,000 square foot facility, which was completed in November 2018 and is expected to become fully operational in fiscal 2020. This logistics facility is designed to centralize the inventory management, sales, and distribution for our entire portfolio of finished products throughout our business. We expect to vacate both the 145,000 square-foot Columbia facility and the 100,625 square-foot Jacksonville facility in fiscal 2020 and centralize those operations in our Boone County facility. We plan to optimize logistics expertise and yield optimal tax efficiency, as well as to quickly harvest financial synergies from acquisitions. We also expect to yield higher inventory turns, provide better customer service, and gain the ability to support an omni-channel customer base as our company expands further into the rugged outdoor market once this facility becomes fully operational.

Suppliers

We manufacture most of the components for our firearms, but purchase certain components and parts, including bolt carriers, rifle receivers, magazines, small parts, and rifle stocks, from third parties. We also purchase ammunition for product testing. Most of our major suppliers for our firearm products are U.S.-based and provide materials, components, and parts, such as steel, polymer components, and metal-injected-molded components. The costs of these materials, components, and parts are at competitive rates. We have become less dependent on any particular supplier by strategically sourcing parts and raw material from multiple suppliers based on quality, cost and risk. Whenever appropriate, critical parts and components have primary and secondary sources of supply.  We are also able to leverage our supply base to supplement our internal capacity and provide flexibility in our response to changes in market conditions. We use numerous raw materials, such as steel, wood, lead, brass, and plastics, in producing and testing our products. We have alternative sources for these raw materials.

Most of the major suppliers for our Outdoor Products & Accessories division products are based in Asia, although a portion of these products are produced, manufactured, and assembled in the United States. We continue to expand our supply base to maintain competitive pricing and quality standards and to be in a position to respond rapidly to changes in customer demand and market trends. For certain components, we utilize a dual sourcing supply chain to mitigate risks associated with sourcing key components from only one supplier.

Research and Development; New Product Introductions

Through our advanced products engineering departments, we enhance existing products and develop new products for all our businesses. In fiscal 2019, 2018, and 2017, our gross spending on research activities relating to the development of new products was $12.9 million, $11.4 million, and $10.2 million, respectively. As of April 30, 2019, we had 71 employees at our various facilities engaged in ongoing research and development activities for all of our brands.

Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

We recognize the importance of innovation and protecting our intellectual property. Accordingly, we own numerous patents related to our products. We apply for patents whenever we develop innovative new products, unique designs, or processes of commercial importance. We do not believe that our business is materially dependent on any single patent.

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Because of the significance of our brand names, our trademarks, service marks, trade dress, and copyrights are also important to our business. We have an active global program of trademark registration, monitoring, and enforcement. We believe that our Smith & Wesson, M&P, Performance Center, Thompson/Center Arms, and Gemtech brands and our S&W monogram trademarks are known and recognized by the public worldwide and are important to our firearm business. In addition, we market our outdoor products and accessories under 20 brand names, including Caldwell, Wheeler, Tipton, Frankford Arsenal, Lockdown, Hooyman, BOG, Crimson Trace, Imperial, Schrade, Old Timer, Uncle Henry, BUBBA, LaserLyte, Smith & Wesson, M&P, Performance Center, Thompson/Center, UST, and KeyGear. We also sell outdoor products and accessories utilizing our firearm brands.  

We intend to vigorously pursue and challenge infringements of our patents, trademarks, service marks, trade dress, and copyrights, as we believe the goodwill associated with them is a cornerstone of our branding strategy.

Competition

We encounter competition in the firearms industry from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. Although some competitors manufacture a wide variety of firearms as we do, most of our competitors manufacture only certain types of firearms. We are one of the largest manufacturers of handguns, modern sporting rifles, and handcuffs in the United States and an active participant in the hunting rifle market. We compete primarily based upon innovation, quality, reliability, durability, price, performance, consumer brand awareness, and customer service and support. Our customer service organization is proactive in offering timely responses to customer inquiries. We believe we can effectively compete with all our present competitors.

Our primary competitors are Ruger and Taurus in the revolver market and Glock, Ruger, Sig Sauer, Springfield Armory, and Taurus in the pistol market. We compete primarily with Colt, Sig Sauer, Ruger, Remington, Savage, and Daniel Defense in the modern sporting rifle market and Browning, Remington, Ruger, Savage, CVA, and Traditions in the hunting rifle market.

Our competitors in the outdoor products and accessories markets are not as clearly defined as the firearms market because of the broad range of brand names and products. Our primary competitor in the outdoor products and accessories market is Vista Outdoors. Almost all other competitors are smaller private companies that directly compete with only one or two of our brands.

Customers

We sell our firearm products through a variety of federally licensed distribution channels. Depending upon the product or service, our firearm customers include distributors; federal, state, and municipal law enforcement agencies and officers; government and military agencies; retailers; and consumers. Our outdoor products and accessories customers consist primarily of internet retailers, distributors, traditional retailers, and consumers. The ultimate users of our firearm and outdoor products and accessories include shooting and outdoor enthusiasts, collectors, sportsmen, competitive shooters, hunters, individuals desiring home and personal protection, law enforcement and military personnel and agencies, and other government organizations.

We grant payment terms to most commercial customers ranging from 30 to 90 days. However, in some instances, we provide longer payment terms, particularly as it relates to our hunting dating programs, which provides payment terms due in the fall for certain orders of hunting products received in the spring and summer.

During fiscal 2019, firearm sales into our professional channel accounted for 11.7% of our firearm net sales which include state and local law enforcement agencies, the federal government, and international customers. The remaining 88.3% of our firearm net sales were through federal firearm licensees to domestic consumers. Net sales for Outdoor Products & Accessories segment during fiscal 2019 were 4.2% to international customers and 95.8% to domestic customers. Our domestic net sales are made to e-commerce retailers, strategic retailers, dealers, and distributors that sell to licensed dealers that in turn sell to the end users. In some cases, we sell directly to large retailers and dealers.

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Governmental Regulations

Our firearm and suppressor business is primarily regulated by the ATF, which licenses the manufacture, sale, and import of firearms and suppressors in the United States. The ATF conducts periodic audits of our facilities that hold Federal Firearms Licenses. The U.S. Department of State currently oversees the export of articles, services, and related technical data that are designated as defense articles or defense services on the U.S. Munitions List, as set forth in the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, or ITAR, under the Arms Export Control Act, or AECA. We are required to obtain an export license for all international shipments of items controlled under ITAR and AECA.

There are also various state laws, regulations, and local ordinances relating to firearm characteristics, features, and sales, as well as firearm magazine capacities. Local firearm dealers must comply with state and local laws, regulations, and ordinances pertaining to firearm, suppressor, and magazine sales within their jurisdictions. We manufacture several firearm models and magazines in various capacities that comply with those laws, regulations, and ordinances for sales in those states and localities. In Massachusetts, for example, there are regulations related to the weight of the trigger pull, barrel length, material strength, and independent testing of handguns. California, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York, as well as other states, the District of Columbia, and other localities, have similar laws, ordinances, and restrictions. In addition, California and the District of Columbia require new pistols to contain a microstamping mechanism, which must be able to etch or imprint, in two locations, a microstamp array of characters that identify the make, model, and serial number of the pistols onto each cartridge case when the pistol is fired. No commercially produced firearm has utilized the microstamping process, which is considered by most to be unfeasible, and we have no plans to utilize any microstamping feature in our firearms. Therefore, we will not sell into California or the District of Columbia any pistol that is subject to the microstamping feature requirement.

Warnings and instructions concerning the safe operation of our firearms and suppressors are contained in Safety & Instruction Manuals included in all boxes in which firearms and suppressors are shipped and are also available for download from our Smith & Wesson, Thompson/Center Arms, and Gemtech websites.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, regulates certain of our electro-optics products.

Our outdoor products and accessories business is subject to various standard business regulations of the kind that typically apply to all companies whose products are used by consumers.

Environmental Health and Safety

We are subject to numerous federal, state, and local laws and regulations that regulate the health and safety of our workforce, including those regulations monitored by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration, or OSHA, the National Fire Protection Association, and the Department of Public Health. Though not exhaustive, examples of applicable regulations include confined space safety, walking and working surfaces, machine guarding, and life safety.

We are also subject to numerous federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, emissions to the air, discharges to land, surface, subsurface strata and water and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of hazardous waste and other materials. These laws require us to make significant expenditures of both a capital and expense nature. Several of the more significant federal laws applicable to our operations include the Clean Air Act; the Clean Water Act; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA; and the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or RCRA.

We are required to remediate hazardous waste at our facilities. Currently, we own a designated site in Springfield, Massachusetts that contains two release areas, which are the focus of remediation projects as part of the Massachusetts Contingency Plan, or MCP. The MCP provides a structured environment for the voluntary remediation of regulated releases. We may be required to remove hazardous waste or remediate the alleged effects of hazardous substances on the environment associated with past disposal practices at sites not owned by us. We have received notice that we are a potentially responsible party from the Environmental Protection Agency and/or individual states under CERCLA or a state equivalent at two sites.

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In our efforts to satisfy our environmental responsibilities and to comply with environmental laws and regulations, we have established, and periodically update, policies relating to the environmental standards of performance for our operations. We have in place programs that monitor compliance with various federal, state, and local environmental regulations. However, in the normal course of our manufacturing operations, we are subject to governmental proceedings and orders pertaining to waste disposal, air emissions, and water discharges from our operations into the environment. We regularly incur substantial capital and operating costs to comply with environmental laws, including remediation of known environmental conditions which we fund through cash flows from operations. We spent $1.0 million in fiscal 2019 on environmental compliance, consisting of $795,000 for disposal fees and containers, $188,000 for remediation, $60,000 for DEP analysis and fees.

In the normal course of our business, we may become involved in various proceedings relating to environmental health and safety matters, and we are currently engaged in an environmental investigation and remediation. Our manufacturing facilities are located on properties with a long history of industrial use, including the use of hazardous substances. We have identified soil and groundwater contamination at our Springfield, Massachusetts plant that we are investigating, monitoring, or remediating, as appropriate. As of April 30, 2019, we had recorded a $725,000 environmental reserve in non-current liabilities. Our estimate of these costs is based upon currently enacted laws and regulations, currently available facts, experience in remediation efforts, existing technology, and the ability of other potentially responsible parties or contractually liable parties to pay the allocated portions of any environmental obligations.

When the available information is sufficient to estimate the amount of liability, that estimate has been used; when the information is only sufficient to establish a range of probable liability and no point within the range is more likely than any other, the lower end of the range has been used. We may not have insurance coverage for our environmental remediation costs. We have not recognized any gains from probable recoveries or other gain contingencies. We calculated the environmental reserve using undiscounted amounts based on third-party independent environmental remediation reports.

Based on information known to us, we do not expect current environmental regulations or environmental proceedings and claims to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, it is not possible to predict with certainty the impact on us of future environmental compliance requirements or of the cost of resolution of future environmental health and safety proceedings and claims, in part because the scope of the remedies that may be required is not certain, liability under federal environmental laws is joint and several in nature, and environmental laws and regulations are subject to modification and changes in interpretation. There can be no assurance that additional or changing environmental regulation will not become more burdensome in the future and that any such development would not have a material adverse effect on our company.

Employees

As of May 31, 2019, we had 1,988 employees, including 8 part-time employees. Of these employees, 1,484 were engaged in manufacturing, 141 in sales and marketing, 50 in finance and accounting, 74 in research and development, 46 in information services, and 193 in various executive or other administrative functions. None of our employees are represented by a union in collective bargaining with us. Of our employees, 24.3% have 10 or more years of service with our company and 7.2% have greater than 25 years of service with our company. We believe that our employee relations are good and that the high quality of our employee base is instrumental to our success.

Backlog

As of April 30, 2019 and 2018, we had a backlog of orders for firearms totaling $39.2 million and $96.1 million, respectively. The decrease in firearms order backlog from the prior fiscal year was primarily because of the normalization of channel inventories and the timing of order fulfillment. We had a backlog of orders for our outdoor products and accessories totaling $12.7 million and $14.3 million as of April 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our backlog consists of orders for which purchase orders have been received and which are generally scheduled for shipment within six months and subject to capacity constraints. We allow orders received that have not yet shipped to be cancelled; therefore, our backlog may not be indicative of future sales.

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Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers:

P. James Debney has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of our company and as a member of our board of directors since September 2011. He was Vice President from April 2010 until September 2011, and President of our firearms division from November 2009 until September 2011. Mr. Debney was President of Presto Products Company, a $500 million business unit of Alcoa Consumer Products, a manufacturer of plastic products, from December 2006 until February 2009. He was Managing Director of Baco Consumer Products, a business unit of Alcoa Consumer Products, a manufacturer of U.K.-branded and private label foil, film, storage, food, and trash bag consumer products, from January 2006 until December 2006; Manufacturing and Supply Chain Director from August 2003 until December 2005; and Manufacturing Director from April 1998 until July 2003. Mr. Debney joined Baco Consumer Products in 1989 and held various management positions in operations, production, conversion, and materials.

Jeffrey D. Buchanan has served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer of our company since January 2011 and has served as Chief Administrative Officer since September 2015. Mr. Buchanan served as Secretary from January 2011 until April 2012. Mr. Buchanan served as a director of our company from November 2004 until December 2010. He was of counsel to the law firm of Ballard Spahr LLP from May 2010 until December 2010. Mr. Buchanan served as a Senior Managing Director of CKS Securities, LLC, a registered broker-dealer, from August 2009 until May 2010 and as a Senior Managing Director of Alare Capital Securities, L.L.C., a registered broker-dealer, from November 2006 until July 2009. From 2005 to 2006, Mr. Buchanan was principal of Echo Advisors, Inc., a corporate consulting and advisory firm focusing on mergers, acquisitions, and strategic planning. Mr. Buchanan served in various positions for Three-Five Systems, Inc., a publicly traded electronic manufacturing services company, including Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer, from May 1996 until February 2005. Mr. Buchanan was a business attorney from 1986 until 1996 for the law firm of O’Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth & Beshears and for the law firm of Davis Wright Tremaine LLP from 1984 until 1986. He was a senior staff person at Deloitte & Touche LLP from 1982 to 1984. Mr. Buchanan is a director of Synaptics Incorporated, a publicly traded company that develops custom user interface solutions.

Robert J. Cicero has served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of our company since June 2017, Vice President and General Counsel of our company since October 2011 and Chief Compliance Officer and Secretary since April 2012. Mr. Cicero was Associate General Counsel, Compliance Officer and Assistant Secretary of Chemtura Corporation, a global specialty chemicals company, from March 2009 until October 2011; Assistant General Counsel from July 2005 until March 2009; and Chief Counsel from September 2003 until July 2005. He was an Associate in the Executive Compensation and Employee Benefits Group for the law firm of Shearman & Sterling LLP from May 2000 until September 2003; an Associate in the Labor and Employment Section for the law firm of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, LLP, from May 1998 until May 2000; and an Associate in the Labor and Employment Section for the law firm of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP from June 1996 until May 1998. Mr. Cicero was an Assistant Corporation Counsel in the New York City Office of the Corporation Counsel from September 1993 until June 1996.

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Mark P. Smith has served as President, Manufacturing Services of our company and as President of Manufacturing Services for Smith & Wesson Corp., a subsidiary of our company, since March 2016. Mr. Smith served as Vice President of Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management from May 2011 until March 2016 and served as Vice President of Supply Chain Management from May 2010 until May 2011. He was Director- Supply Chain Solutions for Alvarez & Marsal Business Consulting, LLC from April 2007 until April 2010. Mr. Smith held various positions for Ecolab, Inc., a developer and marketer of programs, products, and services for the hospitality, foodservice, healthcare, industrial, and energy markets, from March 2001 until April 2007, including Program Manager, Acquisition Integration Manager, Senior Manufacturing Planner, Plant Engineer, and Senior Production / Quality Supervisor. Mr. Smith was a Production Supervisor for Bell Aromatics, a manufacturer of flavors and fragrances, from August 1999 until March 2001.

Brian D. Murphy has served as President of the Outdoor Products & Accessories Division of our company since June 2017.  From December 2016 until May 2017, he was President of the Outdoor Recreation Division, the activities of which have been collapsed into Outdoor Product & Accessories.  From February 2015 until December 2016, he was Vice President, Corporate Development of Vista Outdoor, Inc., a designer, manufacturer, and marketer of outdoor sports and recreation products.  From April 2013 until February 2015, Mr. Murphy was Director of Mergers & Acquisitions and Director of Financial Planning & Analysis for Alliant Techsystems (“ATK”), an aerospace, defense, and outdoor sporting goods company.  Mr. Murphy held various management roles at McMaster-Carr Supply Company, a supplier of maintenance, repair and operations materials to industrial and commercial facilities worldwide, from April 2011 until March 2013.  From May 2006 until October 2010 he served as an investment banker with the firm Houlihan Lokey, where he advised companies in the areas of strategy, acquisitions, divestitures, recapitalizations, and restructuring.  Mr. Murphy serves as a board member for the American Knife and Tool Institute, a non-profit organization that advocates for the knife industry.

Lane A. Tobiassen has served as President of the Firearms Division of our company since March 2019.  From August 2016 until March 2019, he was President of the Electro-Optics Division of our company, which was established in August 2016 when our company acquired Crimson Trace Corporation, the industry leader in laser sighting systems and tactical lighting for firearms.  Mr. Tobiassen served as President of Crimson Trace Corporation from September 2009 until August 2016, and as Marketing Director from April 2005 until September 2009.  Previously, he was Vice President of Marketing at LaCrosse Footwear, Inc., a leading producer of outdoor footwear and protective apparel.  From August 2000 until September 2001, he served as Vice President of Marketing for Danner, Inc., a division of LaCrosse Footwear, Inc. Lane is currently on the Board of Directors of Nosler, Inc., a leading manufacturer of high-performance bullets and ammunition. 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investors should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all the other information included in the Form 10-K, in evaluating our company, our business, and our prospects. The most significant risks that could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows include the risk factors described below.

Our performance is influenced by a variety of economic, social, political, legislative, and regulatory factors.

Our performance is influenced by a variety of economic, social, political, legislative, and regulatory factors. General economic conditions and consumer spending patterns can negatively impact our operating results. Economic uncertainty, unfavorable employment levels, declines in consumer confidence, increases in consumer debt levels, increased commodity prices, and other economic factors may affect consumer spending on discretionary items and adversely affect the demand for our products. Economic conditions also affect governmental, political, and budgetary policies. As a result, economic conditions also can have an effect on the sale of our products to law enforcement, government, and military customers.

Social, political, and other factors also can affect our performance. Concerns about presidential, congressional, and state elections and legislature and policy shifts resulting from those elections can affect the demand for our products. In addition, speculation surrounding increased gun control at the federal, state, and local level and heightened fears of terrorism and crime can affect consumer demand for our products. Often, such concerns result in an increase in near-term consumer demand and subsequent softening of demand when such concerns subside. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may negatively impact operating results.  

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Federal and state legislatures frequently consider legislation relating to the regulation of firearms, including amendment or repeal of existing legislation. Existing laws may also be affected by future judicial rulings and interpretations. These possible changes to existing legislation or the enactment of new legislation may seek to restrict the makeup of a firearm, including limitations on magazine capacity; mandate the use of certain technologies in a firearm; remove existing legal defenses in lawsuits; or ban the sale and, in some cases, the ownership of various types of firearms and accessories. If such restrictive changes to legislation develop, we could find it difficult, expensive, or even impossible to comply with them, impeding new product development and distribution of existing products. In addition, gun-control activists may succeed in imposing restrictions or an outright ban on private gun ownership. Such restrictions or bans could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We remain dependent on the sale of our firearm products.

We manufacture a wide array of handguns, modern sporting rifles, hunting rifles, black powder firearms, handcuffs, and firearm-related products and accessories for sale to a wide variety of customers, including gun enthusiasts, collectors, hunters, sportsmen, competitive shooters, individuals desiring home and personal protection, law enforcement and security agencies and officers, and military agencies in the United States and throughout the world. As noted above, sales of firearms are influenced by a variety of economic, social, political, legislative, and regulatory factors, which may result in volatile revenue patterns. During fiscal 2015, in an effort to diversify our revenue, we began an acquisition strategy to grow into the adjacent outdoor products and accessories market. Since that time, we have spent approximately $400.0 million on acquiring companies and brands to further this diversification strategy. However, firearms continue to represent a large proportion of our net sales. In fiscal 2019, firearm product sales represented approximately 69.7% of our consolidated net sales. While our strategy has been to diversify and grow our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment which would reduce the risks associated with a focus on any single product line or division, there can be no assurance that our strategy will be successful.    

Certain of our businesses are subject to extensive regulation.

Our firearm business, as well as the business of all producers and marketers of firearms and firearm parts, is subject to numerous federal, state, local, and foreign laws, regulations, and protocols, including the rules and regulations of the ATF. If we fail to comply with ATF rules and regulations, the ATF may limit our activities or growth, fine us, or ultimately put us out of business.

The manufacture, sale, and purchase of firearms are subject to extensive federal, state, and local governmental regulation. The primary federal laws are the National Firearms Act of 1934, or NFA, the Gun Control Act of 1968, or GCA, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, or AECA, which have been amended from time to time. The NFA severely restricts the private ownership of fully automatic weapons and heavily regulates other firearms defined in that law and accompanying regulations, including firearm suppressors. The GCA places certain restrictions on the interstate sales of firearms, among other things. The export of our products is controlled by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, or ITAR. ITAR implements the provisions of the AECA as described in the Code of Federal Regulations and is enforced by the U.S. Department of State. In order for us to sell some of our products in accordance with ITAR, including firearms and firearm suppressors to foreign customers, we must obtain export licenses from the U.S. government, primarily the U.S. Department of State. The U.S. Department of State has discretion as to whether to grant a license, and approval depends on the foreign policies and national security interests of the United States. In addition, Congress may take action to block a proposed sale of firearms for export valued at $1 million or higher. Consequently, we may not be able to obtain export licenses, or to complete profitable contracts as a result of political or other reasons that are outside our control. Failure to receive required licenses or authorizations or the termination or suspension of our export privileges could have an adverse effect on our business. Further, because our manufacturing process includes certain toxic, flammable, and explosive chemicals, we are subject to the Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards, as administered by the Department of Homeland Security, which requires that we take additional reporting and security measures related to our manufacturing process.

In addition, like many other manufacturers, we are subject to compliance with the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the data privacy laws of Massachusetts and other jurisdictions, and many other regulations surrounding employment law, environmental law, taxation, and consumer protection.

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In addition to federal requirements, state and local laws and regulations may place additional restrictions or prohibitions on gun ownership and transfer. These laws and regulations vary significantly from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Some states or other governmental entities have enacted, and others are considering, legislation restricting or prohibiting the ownership, use, or sale of certain categories of firearms, firearm suppressors, ammunition, ammunition feeding devices, or all of these products. Several states require internal or external locking mechanisms for firearms sold in their jurisdictions. Some states mandate, or are considering mandating, certain design features on safety or other grounds. Such legislation could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Existing industry protections may be repealed or affected by judicial rulings. For example, the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act of 2005, or the PLCAA, was enacted by Congress in 2005 in order to protect firearms manufacturers and dealers from liability when their legally manufactured and lawfully sold products are later used in criminal acts.  The PLCAA (or the state law equivalent of the PLCAA) could be repealed or amended, and legislation has been introduced in Congress to repeal the law. The PLCAA (or the state law equivalent of the PLCAA) may also be affected by future judicial rulings and interpretations. In Soto v. Bushmaster Firearms International, LLC, a case arising from the mass shooting in Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, the Connecticut Court of Appeals allowed claimants to pursue state claims for unfair trade practices and potentially other theories of liability notwithstanding the immunity granted to firearms manufacturers under the PLCAA. If the PLCAA (or the state law equivalent of the PLCAA) were repealed, amended, or reinterpreted, firearms manufacturers could face a significant increase in litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Compliance with all of these laws, regulations, and protocols is costly and time consuming. Although we make substantial efforts to ensure compliance with the many regulations to which we are subject, inadvertent violation of any of these laws, regulations, and protocols could cause us to incur fines and penalties and could also lead to restrictions on our ability to manufacture and sell our products and services and to import or export the products that we sell. In addition, these laws, regulations, and protocols, as well as their interpretation by courts and regulatory authorities, may change at any time. There can be no assurance that such changes to the laws, regulations, and protocols or to their interpretations will not adversely affect our business.

Actions of social activists could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business.

From time to time, we may be subject to informal private or public inquiries and/or formal proxy proposals by activists urging us to take certain corporate actions, many of which may not be aligned with the best financial or operational interests of our company.  Such activities may adversely affect our business in a number of ways, since responding to such inquiries or proposals can be costly, time consuming, disruptive to our operations, and could meaningfully divert the attention of our resources, including those of our management team and our employees.   For example, such activities could require us to retain the services of various professionals to advise us on such matters, including legal, financial, and communications advisors, which could be costly.  In addition, certain stockholder inquiries and proposals could create perceived uncertainties or concerns as to our future operating environment, legislative environment, strategy direction, or leadership, and such uncertainties or concerns could result in the loss of potential business opportunities; could harm our ability to attract new investors, customers, and employees; could harm or disrupt our business and financial relationships; could result in consumer boycotts of our products; and could cause our stock price to experience periods of decline, volatility, or stagnation.  For example, gun-control activists could pressure our financial institutions, our insurance carriers, our customers, our vendors, or other businesses and institutions with whom we maintain relationships to cease doing business with us or adopt actions that are not in the best interests of our company, inconsistent with the legal operations of our business, or contrary to the beliefs of our core consumers. In addition, our reputation could be irreparably damaged if our core consumers believe that we have adopted the gun control agenda of certain activists. Such activities could have a negative impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.       

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We are subject to lawsuits and governmental investigations and inquiries.

We are currently involved in several lawsuits, including a lawsuit involving a municipality and several product liability lawsuits.

We are vigorously defending ourselves in the lawsuits to which we are subject. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not have to pay significant damages or amounts in settlement above insurance coverage. An unfavorable outcome or prolonged litigation could harm our business. Litigation of this nature is also expensive and time consuming and may divert the time and attention of our management.

Our products expose us to potential product liability, warranty liability, and personal injury claims, as well as litigation relating to the use or misuse of our products. These include allegations of defects in manufacturing and design, failure to warn of inherent dangers in the product itself or activities associated with the product, and negligence and strict liability. In addition, as described earlier, we could be subject to future litigation arising out of the criminal misuse of our firearms. If successful, such claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Although we maintain product liability insurance in amounts that we believe are reasonable, we may not be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms, if at all, in the future, and product liability claims may exceed the amount of insurance coverage available to us. Because we manufacture and sell firearms, insurance carriers may decide not to insure our products or our company in the future. In addition, our reputation may be adversely affected by such claims, whether or not successful, including potential negative publicity about our products. Due to the nature of our products, we anticipate that we will continue to be involved in litigation, including product liability cases and claims in the future.

Defects in our products could reduce demand and result in a decrease in sales or damage to our reputation. Our products can contain latent defects that are not detected until after the product is introduced to the market. In addition, we obtain many of our products and component parts from third-party suppliers and may not be able to detect defects until after they are sold. Defects in our products may result in a loss of sales, recall or corrective action expenses, damage to our reputation, and increased warranty costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We have been and may continue to be subject to governmental investigations and inquiries. Such investigations and inquiries could subject us to various sanctions, including significant civil and criminal penalties, the indictment of our company or various of our officers and employees, our being prevented from bidding on domestic military and government contracts, our disbarment by the U.S. Department of State, private civil litigation arising out of the outcome of the investigations or inquiries, the diversion of time and attention of our management from normal business operations, and a negative impact on the perception of our company by investors, customers, and others.

It is difficult to align our capacity with our demand.

From time to time, we have been capacity constrained and have been unable to satisfy on a timely basis the demand for some of our products. During the last several fiscal years, we have improved our manufacturing productivity by adding capacity, increasing daily production quantities, increasing operational availability of equipment, reducing machinery down time, extending machinery useful life, and increasing manufacturing efficiency. Future significant increases in consumer demand for our products or increased business from law enforcement or military agencies may require us to expand further our manufacturing capacity, particularly through the purchase of additional manufacturing equipment and the addition of manufacturing space. We may not be able to increase our capacity in time to satisfy increases in demand that may occur from time-to-time, and we may not have adequate financial resources to increase capacity to meet demand. Capacity constraints may prevent us from satisfying customer orders and result in a loss of market share to competitors that are not capacity constrained. At other times, such as recently, we may suffer excess capacity and increased overhead costs, particularly if we increase our capacity to meet actual or anticipated demand and that demand decreases or does not materialize. Various actions that we have taken in the past, such as outsourcing a portion of our production and reducing our expenses, enable us to mitigate the effect of reduced product demand, but such actions cannot totally mitigate the effect of reduced product demand.

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Our manufacturing facilities are critical to our success.

Our Springfield, Massachusetts facility is critical to our success, as we currently produce most of our firearm products at this facility.

The Springfield facility also houses our principal research, development, engineering, design, shipping, sales, marketing, finance, and management functions. Any event that causes a disruption of the operation of this facility for even a relatively short period of time would adversely affect our ability to produce and ship many of our firearm products and to provide service to our firearm customers. We frequently make certain changes in our manufacturing operations to modernize the facility and associated equipment and systems as a result of the age of the facility and the need to introduce certain efficiencies in manufacturing and other processes in order to produce our anticipated volume of products in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. We anticipate that we will continue to incur significant capital and other expenditures with respect to the facility, but we may not be successful in continuing to improve efficiencies.

We also depend on our Houlton, Maine and Deep River, Connecticut facilities. Our Houlton facility is used primarily as a machining facility for our firearms as well as our handcuffs and restraints, and our Deep River facility is used primarily for custom plastic injection molding services, rapid prototyping, and tooling. A disruption in the activities of these facilities could adversely affect our firearm manufacturing operations.

Our proposed logistics facility may not produce the benefits expected.

In October 2017, we entered into a lease agreement with Ryan Boone County, LLC for the design, construction, and lease of an approximately 633,000 square-foot national logistics facility in the Columbia area of Boone County, Missouri. Our logistics facility has been completed and is expected to be fully operational in fiscal 2020. We plan ultimately to rely on this logistics facility for substantially all of our product distribution. In addition, the diversion of management’s time and attention to the operational implementation of the logistics facility may adversely affect our day-to-day business activities. While we have plans, processes, and testing protocols in place to mitigate the risks associated with the successful operational implementation of our logistics facility, there can be no assurance that such plans will succeed.

The logistics facility will include computer controlled and automated equipment. As a result, the operations of the facility will be complicated and may be subject to a number of risks related to security or computer viruses, the proper operation of software and hardware, electronic or power interruptions, or other system failures. In addition, because substantially all of our products will be distributed from one location, our operations could also be interrupted by labor difficulties, extreme or severe weather conditions, or by floods, fires or other natural disasters near our logistics facility. Our ability to successfully operate the logistics facility in fiscal 2020 also depends on numerous factors, including, among others, the successful operational implementation of our logistics facility, our ability to manage a complex project, the proper design of the logistics facility, the ability to employ a skilled workforce to operate the logistics facility, the design and operation of computer controlled and automated systems, the design of software systems to operate the logistics facility, and the integration of the logistics facility into our ERP system.  Difficulties or delays in performing any of these critical tasks could delay the timely opening of our logistics facility and negatively impact the efficient operation of our business. We maintain business interruption insurance, but it may not adequately protect us from the adverse effect that may be caused by significant disruptions in our product distribution, such as the long-term loss of customers or an erosion of our brand image.

Our ability to meet customer expectations, manage inventory, complete sales, and achieve objectives for operating efficiencies as well as tax savings and incentives will depend on the timely implementation and proper operation of our new logistics facility. The fixed costs associated with owning, operating, and maintaining a large, highly automated logistics facility during a period of economic weakness or declining sales could result in lower operating efficiencies, financial deleverage, and potential impairment in the recorded value of distribution assets. This fixed cost structure may make it difficult for us to maintain our profitability levels if sales volumes decline for an extended period of time and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

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Our efforts to develop new products may be costly and ineffective.

Our efforts to develop new products may not be successful, and any new products that we develop may not result in customer or market acceptance. The development of new products is a lengthy and costly process. Any new products that we develop and introduce to the marketplace may be unsuccessful or achieve success that does not meet our expectations for a variety of reasons, including delays in introduction, unfavorable cost comparisons with alternative products, and unfavorable performance. Significant expenses related to proposed new products that prove to be unsuccessful for any reason could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We rely on outsourcing for a portion of our production, and any interruptions in these arrangements could disrupt our ability to fill our customers’ orders.

We utilize contract manufacturers for a portion of our firearm production requirements, particularly during periods of very high customer demand, in order to increase our manufacturing capacity and reduce our capital expenditures for facilities that may not always operate at peak capacity.  Qualifying new contract manufacturers is time consuming and may result in unforeseen disruptions in our manufacturing and operations. The loss of our relationships with our contract manufacturers or their inability to conduct their services for us as anticipated in terms of capacity, cost, quality, and timeliness could adversely affect our ability to fill customer orders in accordance with required delivery, quality, and performance requirements.  If this were to occur, the resulting decline in revenue could harm our business.

We source a significant portion of the outdoor products and accessories that we sell from third-party contract manufacturers, located primarily in Asia and North America. Our ability to secure qualified suppliers that meet our quality and other standards, and to receive these products in a timely and efficient manner, represents a challenge, especially with suppliers located and products sourced outside the United States.  Political and economic instability in countries in which foreign suppliers are located, the financial and managerial instability of suppliers, the failure by suppliers to meet our standards, labor problems experienced by our suppliers, the availability of raw materials to our suppliers, product quality issues, currency exchange rates, transport availability and cost, inflation, and other factors relating to suppliers and the countries in which they are located are beyond our control.  The United States’ foreign trade policies, tariffs, and other impositions on imported goods, trade sanctions imposed on certain countries, the limitation on the importation of certain types of goods or of goods containing certain types of materials from other countries, and other factors relating to foreign trade also are beyond our control. These and a majority of other factors affecting our suppliers and our access to products could adversely affect our business.

We also depend on our contract manufacturers to maintain high levels of productivity and satisfactory delivery schedules.  We do not have long-term agreements with many of our contract manufacturers that guarantee production capacity, prices, lead times, or delivery schedules.  Our contract manufacturers serve other customers, a number of which may have greater production requirements than we do.  As a result, our contract manufacturers could determine to prioritize production capacity for other customers or reduce or eliminate deliveries to us on short notice.  Lower than expected manufacturing efficiencies could increase our cost and disrupt or delay our supplies.  Any of these problems could result in our inability to deliver our products in a timely manner or adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Protectionist tariffs and trade wars could harm our business.

Protectionist tariffs and trade wars could adversely affect our business, particularly our Outdoor Products & Accessories business. The United States has imposed and threatened to impose further tariffs on a variety of products and materials imported from various foreign countries. Tariff policies of the United States can be expected to result in retaliatory actions by affected countries, potentially resulting in trade wars and increased costs for goods imported into the United States. Any tariffs that result in increased costs or unavailability of imported products and accessories that we obtain for resale from foreign suppliers or materials used in our domestically produced products could require us to increase the prices of the products we sell or result in lower gross margins on such products if we are unable to increase the price of such products to our customers.  

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We often rely on third parties, including independent sales representatives and agents that act on our behalf.

We are often represented by third parties, including independent sales representatives and agents. These representatives and agents sometimes have the ability to enter into agreements on our behalf. The actions of these third parties could adversely affect our business if they enter into low margin contracts or conduct themselves in a manner that damages our reputation in the marketplace. We also face a risk that these third parties could violate domestic or foreign laws, which could put us at risk for prosecution in the United States or internationally.

Poor product quality or performance could adversely affect our operating results and reputation.

Poor product quality or performance could adversely affect our operating results and reputation. We generally provide a limited one-year, three-year, limited-lifetime, or full-lifetime warranty and a lifetime-service policy to the original purchaser of our new firearm products and a limited one-year warranty to the original purchaser of our new outdoor products and accessories. We offer a one-year or limited lifetime warranty program to the original purchaser of our outdoor products and accessories, depending on the product purchased.

While we believe we have a strong track record of developing, manufacturing, and selling high-quality products, from time to time, we have experienced manufacturing and design issues with respect to some of our firearms and have initiated product recalls and safety alerts in the past. Based on the volume of products we have shipped into the market, any future recall, safety alerts, or product liability claims could harm our reputation, cause us to lose business, and cause us to incur significant warranty, support, and repair costs.

We may incur higher medical benefit costs in the future.

We are self-insured for our employee medical plan. While our medical costs in recent years have generally increased at the same level as the regional average, our aging workforce and other employee demographics could result in an increase in our medical costs beyond what we have experienced or expect. We have stop-loss coverage in place for catastrophic events, but the aggregate impact of a high number of claims up to our stop-loss limit may have an adverse impact on our profitability.

We cannot assess the effect that legislation will have on our healthcare costs and structure or our ability to provide healthcare benefits to our employees.  The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or ACA, became effective in calendar 2015 with other provisions to become effective over succeeding years.

The Trump Administration and the Republican Congress are pursuing legislative and regulatory efforts to repeal and replace ACA.  The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which was adopted in December 2017, effectively eliminated certain provisions of the ACA, including the individual mandate starting in 2019 requiring consumers to buy insurance or pay a penalty subject to a limited number of exceptions.  It is generally anticipated that the Trump Administration and the Republican Congress will continue their efforts to repeal and replace the ACA, possibly in its entirety, and that many states, including states in which we conduct operations, will adopt their own health care legislation. Changes to the healthcare requirements in the future may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Liability insurance is expensive and may be difficult to obtain.

Liability insurance coverage is expensive and from time to time may be difficult or impossible to obtain. Our insurance policies are subject to periodic review by our insurers and may not be renewed at all or on similar or favorable terms. Because we manufacture and sell firearms, insurance carriers may decide not to insure us in the future. In addition, if we or other firearms manufacturers sustain significant losses or make significant insurance claims, our ability to obtain future insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates could be materially adversely affected. Our liability insurance costs were $3.8 million in fiscal 2019 and $5.2 million in fiscal 2018. An inability to obtain liability insurance, significant increases in the cost of insurance we obtain, or losses in excess of our liability insurance coverage, could have a material adverse effect on us.

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Shortages of, and price increases for, components, parts, raw materials, and other supplies may delay or reduce our sales and increase our costs.

Although we manufacture most of the components for our firearms, we purchase certain components and parts from third parties, including bolt carriers, rifle receivers, magazines, slides, small parts, barrels, and rifle stocks. We rely on third-party suppliers and manufacturers for substantially all of our outdoor products and accessories’ finished products and components, and we have limited control over these suppliers and manufacturers. We also purchase ammunition for product testing.

Most of our major suppliers for our firearm products are U.S.-based and provide materials, components, and parts, such as raw steel, polymer components, and metal-injected-molded components. The costs of these materials, components, and parts are at competitive rates. We have become increasingly dependent on a small number of key vendors that supply components and parts for our firearms as a result of our decision to increase our manufacturing flexibility by using third parties that can supplement our internal capacity to better react to changes in market conditions. Most of our major suppliers for our outdoor products and accessories components and products are based in Asia. Our major suppliers for electro-optics components are based in Asia and North America. We also use numerous raw materials that we purchase from third-party suppliers in producing and testing our products, including steel, wood, lead, brass, and plastics. Uncertainties related to governmental fiscal policies, including increased duties, tariffs, or other trade restrictions, could increase the prices of finished products, components, and raw materials we purchase from third-party suppliers.

Our inability to obtain sufficient quantities of components, parts, raw materials, and other supplies from independent sources necessary for the production of our products could result in reduced or delayed sales or lost orders. Any delay in or loss of sales could adversely impact our operating results. Many of the components, parts, raw materials, and other supplies used in the production of our products are available only from a limited number of suppliers. In most cases, we do not have long-term supply contracts with these suppliers. As a result, we could be subject to increased costs, supply interruptions, and difficulties in obtaining materials and finished products. Our suppliers also may encounter difficulties or increased costs in obtaining the materials necessary to produce the components and parts that we use in our products. The time lost in seeking and acquiring new sources or the inability to locate alternative sources of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, could negatively impact our net sales and profitability. Shortages of ammunition also can adversely affect the demand for our products.

We have occasionally received, and may receive in the future, product deliveries from suppliers that fail to conform to our quality control standards. In such circumstances, our inability to sell those products could have a negative effect on our net sales and increase our administrative and shipping costs if we are unable to obtain replacement products in a timely manner.

Damage or disruption to manufacturing and distribution capabilities of, or the disruption of deliveries from, our suppliers because of severe or catastrophic events, including weather, natural disaster, fire or explosion, terrorism, pandemics, or labor disruptions, including at ports or at our suppliers, could impair our ability to manufacture or sell our products. Although we have insurance to cover potential loss from most of our suppliers for these events, we could experience losses in excess of our insured limits. In addition, failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, could have a material adverse effect on us, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.

Interruptions in the proper functioning of our information systems or other issues with our ERP systems could cause disruption to our operations.

We rely extensively on our information systems to manage our business, data, communications, supply chain, ordering, pricing, billing, inventory replenishment, accounting functions, and other processes. Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from various sources, including power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber security breaches, vandalism, severe weather conditions, catastrophic events, terrorism, and human error, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. If our systems are damaged, fail to function properly, or otherwise become compromised or unavailable, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them, and we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to perform critical functions, which could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

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Our information technology systems require periodic modifications, upgrades, and replacement that subject us to costs and risks, including potential disruption to our internal control structure, substantial capital expenditures, additional administration and operating expenses, retention of sufficiently skilled personnel or outside firms to implement and operate existing or new systems, and other risks and costs of delays or difficulties in transitioning to new or modified systems or of integrating new or modified systems into our current systems. In addition, challenges implementing new or modified technology systems may cause disruptions in our business operations and have an adverse effect on our business operations if not anticipated and appropriately mitigated.

All businesses in our Firearm division and our largest business in our Outdoor Products & Accessories division operate under a fully integrated ERP system, SAP. We are currently implementing SAP at our new national logistics facility, which is expected to be fully operational in fiscal 2020. This implementation could result in a major disruption to our business, and any disruption could have a negative effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. In addition, implementing SAP has required and will continue to require significant resources and refinement to fully realize the expected benefits of the system.

Breaches of our information systems could adversely affect our reputation, disrupt our operations, and result in increased costs and loss of revenue.

There have been an increasing number of cyber security incidents affecting companies around the world, which have caused operational failures or compromised sensitive or confidential corporate data.  Although we do not believe our systems are at a greater risk of cyber security incidents than other similar organizations, such cyber security incidents may result in the loss or compromise of customer, financial, or operational data; loss of assets; disruption of billing, collections, or normal operating activities; disruption of electronic monitoring and control of operational systems; and delays in financial reporting and other management functions. In addition, acquisitions of smaller, closely held companies could increase our risk as they often lack the systems, policies, procedures, and controls of larger companies. Possible impacts associated with cyber security incidents (which generally are increasing in both frequency and sophistication) may include, among others, remediation costs related to lost, stolen, or compromised data; repairs to data processing systems; increased cyber security protection costs; reputational damage; lawsuits seeking damages; regulatory actions; and adverse effects on our compliance with applicable privacy and other laws and regulations. Such occurrences could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We face intense competition that could result in our losing or failing to gain market share and suffering reduced sales.

We operate in intensely competitive consumer markets that are characterized by competition from major domestic and international companies. This intense competition could result in pricing pressures, lower sales, reduced margins, and lower market share. Some of our competitors may have greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, and other resources and, in certain cases, may have lower cost structures than we possess that may afford them competitive advantages. As a result, they may be able to devote greater resources to the promotion and sale of products, negotiate lower prices on raw materials and components, deliver competitive products at lower prices, and introduce new products and respond to customer requirements more effectively and quickly than we can.

Competition in the consumer products industry is primarily based on innovation, quality, reliability, durability, price, performance, consumer brand awareness, and customer service and support. Our inability to compete in one or more of these areas could have a negative impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

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Acquisitions involve significant risks, and any acquisitions that we undertake in the future could be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value, and harm our operating results.

We have a strategy to expand our operations through acquisitions in order to enhance existing products and offer new products, enter new markets and businesses, strengthen and avoid interruption from our supply chain, and improve our position in current markets and businesses. Acquisitions involve significant risks and uncertainties. We cannot accurately predict the timing, size, and success of any future acquisitions. We may be unable to identify suitable acquisition candidates or to complete the acquisitions of candidates that we identify. Increased competition for acquisition candidates or increased asking prices by acquisition candidates may increase purchase prices for acquisitions to levels beyond our financial capability or to levels that would not result in the returns required by our acquisition criteria. Acquisitions also may become more difficult in the future as we or others acquire the most attractive candidates. Unforeseen expenses, difficulties, and delays frequently encountered in connection with expansion through acquisitions could inhibit our growth and negatively impact our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our ability to complete acquisitions that we desire to make in the future will depend upon various factors, including the following:

We plan to pursue acquisitions of businesses that are not involved in the manufacture of firearms, such as businesses involved in shooting and hunting sports, companies involved in what we consider the rugged outdoor market (which may include camping, hiking, fishing, and a variety of other outdoor recreational and leisure activities), companies that perform manufacturing services for us or supply us with components or materials, and other businesses that we regard as complementary to our business. We may have little or no experience with certain acquired businesses, which could involve significantly different supply chains, production techniques, customers, and competitive factors than our current business. This lack of experience would require us to rely to a great extent on the management teams of these acquired businesses. These acquisitions also could require us to make significant investments in systems, equipment, facilities, and personnel in anticipation of growth. These costs could be essential to implement our growth strategy in supporting our expanded activities and resulting corporate structure changes. We may be unable to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve as we expand into these new markets within the time frames we expect, if at all. If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits that we expect to achieve as we expand into these new markets, or do not achieve them within the time frames we expect, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

As a part of any potential acquisition, we may engage in discussions with various acquisition candidates. In connection with these discussions, we and each potential acquisition candidate may exchange confidential operational and financial information, conduct due diligence inquiries, and consider the structure, terms, and conditions of the potential acquisition. In certain cases, the prospective acquisition candidate agrees not to discuss a potential acquisition with any other party for a specific period of time and agrees to take other actions designed to enhance the possibility of the acquisition, such as preparing audited financial information. Potential acquisition discussions frequently take place over a long period of time and involve difficult business integration and other issues. As a result of these and other factors, a number of potential acquisitions that from time-to-time appear likely to occur do not result in binding legal agreements and are not consummated, but may result in increased legal, consulting, and other costs.

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Unforeseen expenses, difficulties, and delays frequently encountered in connection with future acquisitions could inhibit our growth and negatively impact our profitability. Any future acquisitions may not meet our strategic objectives or perform as anticipated. In addition, the size, timing, and success of any future acquisitions may cause substantial fluctuations in our operating results from quarter to quarter. For example, our acquisition of Thompson/Center Arms in January 2007 and SWSS, LLC in July 2009 resulted in substantial write-offs of goodwill and long-lived intangible assets. Consequently, our operating results for any quarter may not be indicative of the results that may be achieved for any subsequent quarter or for a full fiscal year. These interim fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

If we finance any future acquisitions in whole or in part through the issuance of common stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock, existing stockholders will experience dilution in the voting power of their common stock and earnings per share could be negatively impacted. The extent to which we will be able or willing to use our common stock for acquisitions will depend on the market price of our common stock from time-to-time and the willingness of potential acquisition candidates to accept our common stock as full or partial consideration for the sale of their businesses. Our inability to use our common stock as consideration, to generate cash from operations, or to obtain additional funding through debt or equity financings in order to pursue an acquisition could limit our growth.

Our recent acquisitions and any acquisitions that we undertake in the future could be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, and harm our operations.

We have a history of acquiring businesses, having spent approximately $400.0 million on acquisitions in the last five fiscal years. In order to pursue successful acquisitions, we may need to integrate the operations of acquired businesses into our operations, including centralizing certain functions to achieve cost savings and pursuing programs and processes that leverage our sales and growth opportunities. In fiscal 2017, we acquired Crimson Trace Corporation and the assets of Taylor Brands, LLC and Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc. In fiscal 2018, we acquired the assets of Gemini Technologies, Incorporated and Fish Tales, LLC. In fiscal 2019, we acquired LaserLyte branded products from P&L Industries Inc. The integration of the management, operations, and facilities of acquired businesses with our own could involve difficulties, which could adversely affect our growth rate and operating results.

We may be unable to effectively complete an integration of the management, operations, facilities, and accounting and information systems of acquired businesses with our own; to implement effective controls to mitigate legal and business risks with which we have no prior experience; to manage efficiently the combined operations of the acquired businesses with our operations; to achieve our operating, growth, and performance goals for acquired businesses; to achieve additional sales as a result of our expanded operations; or to achieve operating efficiencies or otherwise realize cost savings as a result of anticipated acquisition synergies. The integration of acquired businesses involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including the following:

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Potential strategic alliances may not achieve their objectives, which could impede our growth.

We have entered into strategic alliances in the past and anticipate that we will enter into new strategic alliances in the future. We continue to explore strategic alliances designed to expand our product offerings, enter new markets, and improve our distribution channels. Our existing strategic alliances and any new strategic alliances may not achieve their intended objectives, and parties to our strategic alliances may not perform as contemplated. The failure of these alliances may impede our ability to introduce new products and enter new markets.

If our goodwill, intangible assets, or long-lived assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

We review our goodwill, intangible assets, and long-lived assets (collectively, “tested assets”) for impairment annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. After such review, we may be required to record a significant charge to our financial statements during the period in which such impairment of our tested assets is determined, negatively impacting our results of operations. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, we assessed and recorded a $10.4 million impairment charge related to the goodwill of our Electro Optics operating unit, which was subsequently restructured and combined into our Outdoor Product & Accessories operating unit. As of April 30, 2019, our Firearms and Outdoor Products & Accessories operating units had tested assets of $19.0 million and $163.2 million, respectively.  For further discussion of the valuation of tested assets, see Note 3 Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements.  Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of our tested assets may be reduced or otherwise not be recoverable, include, but are not limited to, general economic conditions, changes in regulations, reduced future cash flow estimates, slower growth rates, changes in the competitive environment for our products, and the success of new products.  

Our growth strategy may require significant additional funds, the amount of which will depend upon our working capital and general corporate needs.

Any substantial borrowings made to finance operations or future acquisitions could make us more vulnerable to a downturn in our operating results, a downturn in economic conditions, or increases in interest rates on borrowings. If our cash flow from operations is insufficient to meet our debt service requirements, we could be required to sell additional equity securities, refinance our obligations, or dispose of assets in order to meet our debt service requirements. Adequate financing may not be available if and when we need it or may not be available on terms acceptable to us. In addition, certain banks may refuse to do business with us even if we are a creditworthy customer. The failure to obtain sufficient financing on favorable terms and conditions could have a material adverse effect on us.

From time to time, we may seek additional equity or debt financing to provide funds for the expansion of our business. We cannot predict the timing or amount of any such financing requirements at this time. If such financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to expand our business or to develop new business at the rate desired, and our operating results may suffer. Debt financing increases expenses and must be repaid regardless of operating results. Equity financing could result in additional dilution to existing stockholders.

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As of April 30, 2019, we had $156.4 million of long-term borrowings outstanding, of which $6.3 million is payable in the next 12 months. The degree to which we are leveraged could adversely affect our ability to obtain further financing for working capital, acquisitions, or other purposes and could make us more vulnerable to industry downturns and competitive pressures. Our ability to meet our debt service obligations will depend upon our future performance, which will be subject to the financial condition, business environment, and other factors affecting our operations, many of which are beyond our control.

The failure to manage our growth could adversely affect our operations.

To continue to expand our business and strengthen our competitive position, we must make significant investments in systems, equipment, facilities, and personnel. In addition, we may commit significant funds to increase our sales, marketing, information technology, and research and development efforts in order to expand our business. As a result of the increase in fixed costs and operating expenses, our failure to increase sufficiently our net sales to offset these increased costs could adversely affect our operating results.

The failure to manage our growth effectively could adversely affect our operations. We have substantially increased the number of our manufacturing and design programs and plan to further expand the number and diversity of our programs in the future. Managing our planned growth effectively will require us to:

The expansion of our products and customer base may result in increases in our overhead and selling expenses. We also may be required to increase staffing and other expenses as well as our expenditures on capital equipment and leasehold improvements in order to meet the demand for our products. Any increase in expenditures in anticipation of future sales that do not materialize would adversely affect our profitability.

Our business is highly dependent upon our brand recognition and reputation, and the failure to maintain or strengthen our brand recognition or reputation would likely have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our brand recognition and reputation are critical aspects of our business. We believe that maintaining and further enhancing all of our brands is critical to retaining existing customers and attracting new customers. We also believe that the importance of our brand recognition and reputation will continue to increase as competition in our markets continues to develop.

We anticipate that our advertising, marketing, and promotional efforts will increase in the foreseeable future as we continue to seek to enhance our brands and consumer demand for our products. Historically, we have relied on print and electronic media advertising to increase consumer awareness of our brands to increase purchasing intent and conversation. We anticipate that we will increasingly rely on other forms of media advertising, including social media and digital marketing. Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our advertising, promotion, public relations, and marketing programs. These brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue and the efficacy of these activities will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to do the following:

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Increases in the pricing of one or more of our marketing and advertising channels could increase our marketing and advertising expenses or cause us to choose less expensive but possibly less effective marketing and advertising channels. If we implement new marketing and advertising strategies, we may incur significantly higher costs than our current channels, which in turn could adversely affect our operating results. Implementing new marketing and advertising strategies also could increase the risk of devoting significant capital and other resources to endeavors that do not prove to be cost effective. We also may incur marketing and advertising expenses significantly in advance of the time we anticipate recognizing revenue associated with such expenses, and our marketing and advertising expenditures may not generate sufficient levels of brand awareness and conversation or result in increased revenue. Even if our marketing and advertising expenses result in increased revenue, the increase might not offset our related expenditures. If we are unable to maintain our marketing and advertising channels on cost-effective terms or replace or supplement existing marketing and advertising channels with similarly or more effective channels, our marketing and advertising expenses could increase substantially, our customer base could be adversely affected, and our business, operating results, financial condition, and reputation could suffer.

An inability to expand our e-commerce business could reduce our future growth.

Consumers are increasingly shopping online via e-commerce retailers and we face intense pressure to make our products available via e-commerce services. Although firearms currently cannot be delivered direct-to-consumer, firearms are increasingly sold on e-commerce websites and delivered to licensed firearm retailers near to the consumer, who then perform the requisite legal procedures and checks for a small fee. Our success in participating in e-commerce, especially in non-firearm transactions, will depend on our ability to effectively use our marketing resources to communicate with existing and potential customers. To increase our e-commerce sales, we may have to be more promotional to compete, which could impact our gross margin and increase our marketing expenses. We do not currently have a fully functional direct-to-consumer e-commerce platform and are reliant on third party e-commerce websites to sell our products, which could lead to our e-commerce customers being able to have control over the pricing of our products. This in turn could lead to adverse relationship consequences with our customers that operate brick and mortar locations as they may perceive themselves to be at a disadvantage based on the e-commerce pricing to end consumers. There is no assurance that we will be able to successfully expand our e-commerce business and respond to shifting consumer traffic patterns and direct-to-consumer buying trends.

In addition, e-commerce and direct-to-consumer operations are subject to numerous risks, including implementing and maintaining appropriate technology to support business strategies, reliance on third-party computer hardware/software and service providers, data breaches, violations of state, federal, or international laws, including those relating to online privacy, credit card fraud, telecommunication failures and electronic break-ins, and similar disruptions, and disruption of Internet service. Our inability to adequately respond to these risks and uncertainties or to successfully maintain and expand our direct-to-consumer business may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

We may have difficulty collecting amounts owed to us.

Certain of our customers have experienced, and may in the future experience, credit-related issues. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of customers, but these evaluations may not be completely effective. We grant payment terms to most customers ranging from 30 to 90 days and do not generally require collateral. However, in some instances we provide longer payment terms, particularly as it relates to our hunting products. Should more customers than we anticipate experience liquidity issues, or if payment is not received on a timely basis, we may have difficulty collecting amounts owed to us by such customers and our business, operating results, and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

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For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, none of our customers exceeded 10% of our net sales and one of our customers accounted for approximately 19.8% of our accounts receivable. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018, one of our customers accounted for 11.9% of our net sales and none of our customers accounted for 10% or more of our accounts receivable. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017, none of our customers exceeded 10% of our net sales and one of our customers accounted for approximately 17.5% of our accounts receivable.

Through our growth strategy, our sales could become increasingly dependent on purchases by several large retail customers. Consolidation in the retail industry could also adversely affect our business.  If our sales were to become increasingly dependent on business with several large retailers, we could experience more concentrated credit-related risks and be adversely affected by the loss or a significant decline in sales to one or more of these customers.  In addition, our dependence on a smaller group of retailers could result in their increased bargaining position and pressures on the prices we charge.  

Our inability to protect our intellectual property or obtain the right to use intellectual property from third parties could impair our competitive advantage, reduce our sales, and increase our costs.

Our success and ability to compete depend in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks, trade dress, customer records, monitoring, brand protection services, confidentiality agreements, and other contractual provisions to protect our intellectual property, but these measures may provide only limited protection. Our failure to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights or obtain the right to use necessary intellectual property from third parties could reduce our sales and increase our costs. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States.

Patents may not be issued for the patent applications that we have filed or may file in the future. Our issued patents may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, and claims of our patents may not be of sufficient scope or strength, or issued in the proper geographic regions, to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage. We have registered certain of our trademarks and trade dress in the United States and other countries. We have also recorded certain of our registered trademarks with customs officials in the United States and other countries. We may be unable to enforce existing or obtain new registrations of principle or other trademarks in key markets. Failure to obtain or enforce such registrations could compromise our ability to protect fully our trademarks and brands and could increase the risk of challenges from third parties to our use of our trademarks and brands.

In the past, we did not consistently require our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements, employment agreements, or proprietary information and invention agreements; however, such agreements are now required. Therefore, our former employees and consultants may try to claim some ownership interest in our intellectual property and may use our intellectual property competitively and without appropriate limitations. In addition, our acquired businesses may not have consistently required their employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality agreements, employment agreements, or proprietary information and invention agreements. Claims by such individuals may affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We may incur substantial expenses and devote significant resources in prosecuting others for their unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights.

We may become involved in litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Other companies, including our competitors, may develop intellectual property that is similar or superior to our intellectual property, duplicate our intellectual property, or design around our patents and may have or obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit, or interfere with our ability to make, use, or sell our products. Effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries in which we sell products or from which competing products may be sold. Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use aspects of our intellectual property and products that we regard as proprietary. Our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the United States or abroad may prove to be inadequate and competitors may be able to independently develop similar intellectual property. If our intellectual property protection is insufficient to protect our intellectual property rights, we could face increased competition in the markets for our products.

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Should any of our competitors file patent applications or obtain patents that claim inventions also claimed by us, we may choose to participate in an interference proceeding to determine the right to a patent for these inventions because our business would be harmed if we fail to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights. Even if the outcome is favorable, this proceeding could result in substantial cost to us and disrupt our business.

In the future, we also may need to file lawsuits to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, or determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We face risks associated with international activities, including related to compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other applicable anti-corruption legislation.

Political and economic conditions abroad may result in a reduction of or inhibition of our growth in our sales in numerous foreign countries and our purchase of certain accessories and components from certain countries in Asia and Europe, including China, Taiwan, and Italy. Protectionist trade legislation in either the United States or foreign countries, such as a change in the current tariff structures, export or import compliance laws, or other trade policies, could reduce our ability to sell our products in foreign markets, the ability of foreign customers to purchase our products, and our ability to import components, parts, and products from foreign suppliers. Our efforts to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or other applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations may limit our international business activities, necessitate the implementation of certain processes and compliance programs, and subject us to enforcement actions or penalties for noncompliance. Both the U.S. and foreign governments have increased their oversight and enforcement activities in this area in recent years, and we expect applicable agencies to continue to increase such activities in the future.  

Our foreign sales and purchases of certain accessories and components also create a number of logistical and communication challenges. These activities also expose us to various economic, political, and other risks, including the following:

We currently maintain operations in Belgium and the People’s Republic of China and have plans to expand our international operations.  As a result, we are exposed to risks in the countries in which we operate or will operate in the future, including political and economic changes or volatility, geopolitical regional conflicts, terrorist activity, and political unrest, which could negatively affect our international operations.  

Environmental laws and regulations may impact our business.

We are subject to numerous federal, state, and local laws that regulate or otherwise relate to the protection of the environment, including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, CERCLA, and the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by RCRA. CERCLA, RCRA, and related state laws subject us to the potential obligation to remove or mitigate the environmental effects of the disposal or release of certain pollutants at our manufacturing facilities and at third-party or formerly owned sites at which contaminants generated by us may be located. This requires us to make expenditures of both a capital and expense nature.

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In our efforts to satisfy our environmental, health, and safety responsibilities and to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, we maintain policies relating to the environmental, health, and safety standards for our operations and conduct programs to monitor compliance with various environmental regulations. However, in the normal course of our manufacturing operations, we may become subject to governmental proceedings and orders pertaining to waste disposal, air emissions, and water discharges into the environment. We believe, based on the information available to us, that we are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental regulations.

From a remediation perspective, we may not have identified all existing contamination on our properties, and we cannot predict whether our operations will cause contamination in the future. As a result, we could incur additional costs to clean up contamination that exceed the amount of our reserves. We will periodically review the probable and reasonably estimable environmental costs in order to update the environmental reserves. Furthermore, it is not possible to predict with certainty the impact on us of future environmental, health, and safety compliance requirements or of the cost of resolution of future regulatory proceedings and claims, in part because the scope of the remedies that may be required is not certain, liability under federal environmental laws is joint and several in nature, and environmental health and safety laws and regulations are subject to modification and changes in interpretation. Additional or changing environmental health and safety regulation may become burdensome in the future, and any such development could have an adverse effect on us.

Our indebtedness could adversely affect our business and limit our ability to plan for or respond to changes in our business, and we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy significant debt service obligations.

As of April 30, 2019, we had consolidated indebtedness of 156.4 million, of which $6.3 million is payable in the next 12 months.  On June 15, 2015, we entered into a new unsecured credit facility, or the Credit Agreement, with TD Bank, N.A. and other lenders, or the Lenders, which included a $175.0 million revolving line of credit, or the Revolving Line, and a $105.0 million term loan, or the Term Loan, of which $81.4 million remained outstanding as of April 30, 2019. The Revolving Line provides availability until June 15, 2020 for general corporate purposes, with borrowings to bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR or prime plus an applicable margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio, at our election. On October 27, 2016, we entered into a second amendment to our existing unsecured credit agreement, or the Second Amendment, which, among other things increased the Revolving Line to $350.0 million, increased the option to expand the credit commitment to $150.0 million, and extended the maturity of the Revolving Line from June 15, 2020 to October 27, 2021. Other than the changes described in the Second Amendment, we otherwise remain subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as described below. As of April 30, 2019, no borrowings outstanding on the Revolving Line. Had there been borrowings, they would have bore interest at 4.48%, the LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin. We were required to obtain fixed interest rate protection on the Term Loan covering not less than 75% of the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan. Accordingly, on June 18, 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which expires on June 15, 2020, that covered 100% of the $105.0 million of floating rate debt. On July 6, 2015, we executed an interest rate swap pursuant to such agreement. This swap, when combined with the applicable margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio, effectively fixed our interest rate on the Term Loan at 4.48%, which is subject to change based on our consolidated leverage ratio.  

In February 2018, we issued $75.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due 2020, or the 2020 Senior Notes, and used the proceeds of the notes offering to redeem our then outstanding $75.0 million of 5.000% Senior Notes due 2018, or the 2018 Senior Notes, in March 2018. The Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the 2020 Senior Notes, or the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture, each contain certain affirmative and negative financial and other restrictive covenants. We may also incur additional indebtedness in the future, including borrowings under our credit facility. Our indebtedness, after taking into account additional borrowings under our credit facility, and the fact that a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations must be used to make principal and interest payments on our indebtedness, could have important consequences, including the following:

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Our ability to incur significant future indebtedness, whether to finance potential acquisitions or for general corporate purposes, will depend on our ability to generate cash. To a certain extent, our ability to generate cash is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other factors that are beyond our control. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operations or if future borrowings are not available to us under our credit facility in amounts sufficient to enable us to fund our liquidity needs, our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected. If we cannot make scheduled principal and interest payments on our debt obligations in the future, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity, sell assets, delay capital expenditures, or seek additional equity.

Our governing documents and Nevada law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us and discourage a takeover.

Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Nevada law make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us and make a takeover more difficult to complete, even if such a transaction were in our stockholders’ interest or might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders.

The issuance of additional common stock in the future, including shares that we may issue pursuant to option grants, may result in dilution in the net tangible book value per share of our common stock.

Our board of directors has the legal power and authority to determine the terms of an offering of shares of our capital stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for these shares, to the extent of our shares of authorized and unissued capital stock.

The sale of a substantial number of shares that are eligible for sale could adversely affect the price of our common stock.

As of April 30, 2019, there were 54,696,762 shares of our common stock outstanding. Substantially all of these shares are freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the securities laws, unless held by an “affiliate” of our company, as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the securities laws. Shares held by affiliates of our company, which generally include our directors, executive officers, and certain principal stockholders, are subject to the resale limitations of Rule 144 described below.

In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, any person or persons whose shares are aggregated for purposes of Rule 144, who is deemed an affiliate of our company and beneficially owns restricted securities with respect to which at least six months has elapsed since the later of the date the shares were acquired from us, or from an affiliate of ours, is entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of the then outstanding shares of our common stock and the average weekly trading volume in common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding such sale. Sales by affiliates under Rule 144 also are subject to certain manner-of-sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us. Rule 701, as currently in effect, permits our employees, officers, directors, and consultants who purchase shares pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract to resell these shares in reliance upon Rule 144, but without compliance with specific restrictions.

Rule 701 provides that affiliates may sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying with the holding period requirement and that non-affiliates may sell their shares in reliance on Rule 144 without complying with the holding period, public information, volume limitation, or notice provisions of Rule 144. Subject to the availability of current public information about us, a person who is not an affiliate, who has not been an affiliate within three months prior to sale, and who beneficially owns restricted securities with respect to which at least six months has elapsed since the later of the date the shares were acquired from us, or from an affiliate of ours, is entitled to sell such shares under Rule 144 without regard to any of the volume limitations or other requirements described above. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price for our common stock.

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As of April 30, 2019, we had outstanding nonqualified stock options to purchase 267,761 shares of common stock under our incentive stock plans and other option agreements, 1,035,506 undelivered time-based restricted stock units, or RSUs, and 596,125 unearned performance stock units, or PSUs, under our incentive stock plans. We issued 230,282 of the 6,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our 2011 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the ESPP, during fiscal 2019. We have registered for offer and sale the shares of common stock that are reserved for issuance pursuant to our incentive stock plans and available for issuance pursuant to the ESPP. Shares covered by such registration statements upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of RSUs and PSUs or pursuant to the ESPP generally will be eligible for sale in the public market, except that affiliates will continue to be subject to volume limitations and other requirements of Rule 144. The issuance or sale of such shares could depress the market price of our common stock.

We may issue securities that could dilute stockholder ownership and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock.

We may decide to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financing to fund our operations. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, the percentage ownership of our current stockholders will be reduced and the new equity securities may have rights superior to those of our common stock. We may not obtain sufficient financing on terms that are favorable to us. We may delay, limit, or eliminate some or all of our proposed operations if adequate funds are not available. We may also issue equity securities as consideration for acquisitions we may make. The issuance of additional common stock in the future, including shares that we may issue pursuant to our incentive stock plans and ESPP, may result in dilution in the net tangible book value per share of our common stock.

Our operating results may involve significant fluctuations.

Various factors contribute to significant periodic and seasonal fluctuations in our operating results. These factors include the following:

Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any period as an indication of our future performance. If our operating results fall below expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price may decline.

The market price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations as a result of many factors.

Many factors could affect the market price of our common stock, including the following:

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In addition, market demand for small-capitalization stocks, and price and volume fluctuations in the stock market unrelated to our performance, could result in significant fluctuations in the market price of our common stock. The performance of our common stock could adversely affect our ability to raise equity in the public markets and adversely affect the growth of our business.

We depend on key personnel, our business may be harmed, if we fail to retain and attract skilled management and other key personnel.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of our current management team, including P. James Debney, our President and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of Mr. Debney or one or more of our other key executives or employees could have a material adverse effect on our business. Except for Mr. Debney, we do not maintain “key person” insurance policies on the lives of any of our executive officers or any of our other employees. We employ all of our executive officers and key employees on an at-will basis, and their employment can be terminated by us or them at any time, for any reason, and without advance notice, subject to certain severance obligations upon termination. In order to retain valuable employees, in addition to salary and cash incentives, we regard our ability as a public company to grant stock-based compensation as an important component of our ability to attract and retain key personnel. The value to employees of stock-based compensation over time will be significantly affected by movements in our stock price that are beyond our control and may at any time be insufficient to counteract offers from other companies.

Our success also depends on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate additional skilled management personnel. We plan to continue to expand our work force to continue to improve our business and operating results. We believe that there is significant competition for qualified personnel with the skills and knowledge that we require, particularly as a result of ongoing firearm industry consolidation and other industry developments. Many of the other companies with which we compete for qualified personnel have greater financial and other resources than we do. They also may provide more diverse opportunities and better chances for career advancement. Some of these characteristics may be more appealing to high-quality candidates than those which we have to offer. If we are not able to retain our current key personnel, or attract the necessary qualified key personnel to accomplish our business objectives, we may experience constraints that will impede significantly the achievement of our business objectives and our ability to pursue our business strategy. New hires require significant training and, in most cases, take significant time before they achieve full productivity. New employees may not become as productive as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals. If our recruiting, training, and retention efforts are not successful or do not generate a corresponding increase in revenue, our business will be harmed.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

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The following table sets forth information regarding our principal operating properties and other significant properties as of April 30, 2019.  All the properties listed below are leased except where otherwise indicated.  In general, our operating properties are well maintained, suitably equipped and in good operating condition.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Information regarding our legal proceedings is discussed in Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock has been traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “AOBC” since January 1, 2017. In fiscal 2017, we changed our name from Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation to American Outdoor Brands Corporation. Our common stock was previously traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “SWHC” from July 20, 2006 to January 1, 2017. The following table sets forth the range of market prices for our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market by quarter during the past two fiscal years:

On June 17, 2019, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $9.02 per share. On June 17, 2019, there were 788 record holders of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently plan to retain any earnings to finance the growth of our business rather than to pay cash dividends. Payment of any cash dividends in the future will depend on our financial condition, operating results, and capital requirements as well as other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. In addition, our credit facility and the indenture governing our 2020 Senior Notes restrict our ability to pay dividends.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

For equity compensation plan information, refer to Item 12 in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Performance Graph

The following line graph compares cumulative total stockholder returns for the five years ended April 30, 2019 for (i) our common stock; (ii) the Russell 2000 Index; (iii) a peer group consisting of Sturm, Ruger & Company, Inc., Vista Outdoor, Inc., and National Presto Industries, Inc., (Peer Group on the graph below). The graph assumes an investment of $100 on April 30, 2014. The calculation of cumulative stockholder return on the Russell 2000 Index and the peer group include reinvestment of dividends, but the calculation of cumulative stockholder return on our common stock does not include reinvestment of dividends because we did not pay any dividends during the measurement period. The performance shown is not necessarily indicative of future performance.   

COMPARISON OF FIVE-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among American Outdoor Brands Corporation, The Russell 2000 Index,

And Peer Group

The performance graph above shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. The performance graph above will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing of our company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.

Repurchases of Common Stock

As of April 30, 2019, we had no authorized share repurchase programs. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during fiscal 2019.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The consolidated statements of income and cash flows data for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of April 30, 2019 and 2018 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. The consolidated statements of income/(loss) and cash flows data for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2016 and 2015 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of April 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included herein. You should read this information in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7 of this report.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto contained elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.   

In fiscal 2017, in three separate transactions, we acquired (1) substantially all of the net assets of Taylor Brands, LLC, (2) substantially all of the assets of Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc. (now referred to as Ultimate Survival Technologies, LLC, or UST), and (3) all of the issued and outstanding stock of Crimson Trace Corporation for an aggregate purchase price of $211.1 million, net of cash acquired, subject to certain adjustments, utilizing cash on hand. Taylor Brands, LLC, which has been integrated into our Battenfeld Technologies business and operates from Columbia, Missouri, is a leading provider of high-quality knives, specialty tools, and accessories. Crimson Trace Corporation, based in Wilsonville, Oregon, is a leading provider of laser sight and tactical light products for consumers, law enforcement, security agencies, and military agencies worldwide. UST, based in Jacksonville, Florida, is a provider of high-quality survival and camping equipment, including LED lights, all-weather fire starters, unbreakable signal mirrors, premium outdoor cutting tools, first aid kits, survival kits, and camp kitchen products. Results of operations for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2017 include activity for the period subsequent to the respective acquisition dates of Taylor Brands, LLC, Crimson Trace Corporation, and UST. We collectively refer to the acquisitions of Taylor Brands, LLC, Crimson Trace Corporation, and UST as the 2017 Acquisitions.

In fiscal 2018, in two separate transactions, we acquired substantially all of the net assets of Gemini Technologies, Incorporated, or Gemtech, and Bubba Blade branded products and other assets from Fish Tales, LLC. The aggregate purchase price for the two acquisitions was $23.1 million, subject to certain adjustments, utilizing a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving line of credit. Gemtech, which has been integrated into our Smith & Wesson business and operates from Springfield, Massachusetts, is a provider of quality suppressors and accessories for the consumer, law enforcement, and military markets. Fish Tales, LLC, which has been fully integrated into our Battenfeld Technologies business and operates out of our Columbia, Missouri facility, was a provider of premium sportsman knives and tools for fishing and hunting, including the premium knife brand Bubba Blade. We collectively refer to the acquisitions of Gemtech and Bubba Blade branded products as the 2018 Acquisitions.

In January 2019, we acquired substantially all of the LaserLyte branded products and other assets, or LaserLyte, from P&L Industries Inc., for a purchase price of $2.0 million, subject to certain adjustments, utilizing cash on hand. P&L Industries was a provider of laser training and sighting products for the consumer market. The LaserLyte business has been fully integrated into our Crimson Trace business and operates out of our Wilsonville, Oregon facility. This acquisition did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements for any period presented.

We report our results of operations in two segments: (1) Firearms and (2) Outdoor Products & Accessories.

2019 Highlights

Our operating results for fiscal 2019 included the following:

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Key Performance Indicators

We evaluate the performance of our business based upon operating profit, which includes net sales, cost of sales, selling and administrative expenses, and certain components of other income and expense. We also track our return on invested capital, and we use adjusted EBITDAS (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation expense, excluding certain non-operational items), which is a non-GAAP financial metric, as a supplemental measure of our performance in order to provide investors with an improved understanding of underlying performance trends. We evaluate our firearm products by such measurements as gross margin per unit produced, units produced per day, revenue by trade channel, and incoming orders per day. We evaluate our outdoor products and accessories products by such measurements as incoming orders per day and sales and gross margin by customer and brand.

External Factors that Impact the Firearm Industry

The firearm industry has been subject to many external factors in the past that have significantly increased the volatility of revenue generated for all companies within the industry. These factors include, among others, fears surrounding crime and terrorism; tragic news events; potential restrictions on the sale or makeup of firearms; actual and potential legislative, judicial, and regulatory actions; economic changes; and changes in the social and political environment, including presidential elections. See Item IA, Risk Factors, for further discussion of external factors that impact the firearm industry.  Although these external factors have created demand surges and volatility in the firearms market, and often make it difficult to predict demand, we believe that those external factors have also likely contributed to a long-term increase in consumer interest in firearms. This increased consumer interest has helped the firearm industry generate a ten-year compound annual growth rate in units of approximately 7.6% according to the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, or ATF. We believe that this expanding base of consumers combined with our strong brand recognition and attractive price points are important factors in our goal to continue increasing our market share. Based on data from calendar 2017, we estimate that we have a 14.5% share of the U.S. consumer market for handguns.

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Results of Operations

Net Sales

The following table sets forth certain information regarding net sales for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

The following table sets forth certain information regarding trade channel net sales for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands): 

We include domestic handgun, long gun, and parts revenue as well as revenue from our outdoor products and accessories in our sporting goods distribution channel, and we include international and law enforcement handgun, long gun, and handcuff revenue in our professional channel. We include manufacturing services and plastic injection molding revenue in other products and services.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding firearm units shipped by trade channel for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (units in thousands):

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Fiscal 2019 Net Sales Compared with Fiscal 2018

Firearms

Revenue for our handguns increased $10.6 million, or 3.3%, over fiscal 2018, primarily as a result of lower consumer rebates on our polymer pistols, the recognition of deferred revenue on shipments of promotional products, and higher demand for concealed carry M&P branded polymer pistols and revolvers, partially offset by lower shipments of Performance Center branded polymer pistols. Actual unit shipments into the sporting goods channel for our handgun products increased 1.3% over fiscal 2018, primarily as a result of increased demand for certain of our handgun products because of successful seasonal promotional programs, including a promotion that bundled one of our handgun products with a shooting accessories product. Although overall consumer demand for handguns decreased 8.9% from fiscal 2018 (as indicated by adjusted background checks reported in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, or NICS), we believe consistent demand for the broad array of quality products that we offer, combined with a normalized level of distributor inventory (rather than a sharp decline in such inventory in the prior year), had a positive impact on our fiscal 2019 results.

Revenue for our long guns increased $17.5 million, or 19.4%, over fiscal 2018, partially because of replenishment of inventory, specifically for our sport model modern sporting rifle, in the sporting goods channel and several successful promotional programs, including a promotion that bundled a firearm with shooting accessory products. As a result, we believe we increased our market share for long guns.

Other products and services revenue increased $1.4 million, or 4.3%, over the prior year, primarily because of higher sales of parts and handcuffs.

New products, defined as any new SKU not shipped in the prior year, represented 20.1% of firearm revenue for fiscal 2019 and included our new concealed carry Performance Center M&P branded polymer pistol and many other new product line extensions for our M&P and Thompson/Center Arms branded products. The increase in the number of units sold favorably impacted firearm revenue by 1.0%.

Our firearm inventory levels decreased during fiscal 2019 as a result of increased shipments to fulfill seasonal promotional programs and increased demand for our modern sporting rifles, offset by increased inventory to reduce the risk of potential shipping disruptions when our national logistics facility in Boone County, Missouri becomes fully operational for Firearms in fiscal 2020. While inventory levels, both internally and in the distribution channel, in excess of demand may negatively impact future operating results, it is difficult to forecast the potential impact of distributor inventories on future revenue and income since demand is impacted by many factors, including seasonality, new product introductions, news events, political events, and consumer tastes.

Our Firearms segment order backlog as of April 30, 2019 and 2018 was $39.2 million and $96.1 million, respectively. The decrease in order backlog from the prior fiscal year was primarily because of the normalization of channel inventories and the timing of order fulfillment. We allow orders received that have not yet shipped to be cancelled, and therefore, our backlog may not be indicative of future sales.

Outdoor Products & Accessories

Net sales for our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment for fiscal 2019 increased $1.9 million, or 1.2%, over fiscal 2018. Net sales increased primarily because of market acceptance of newly introduced accessories products over the past several years and increased revenue from strategic retailers, including internet retailers, partially offset from lower electro-optics products revenue as a result of a general decline in firearm market conditions mentioned above.

New products in our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment represented 6.2% of this segment’s revenue for fiscal 2019 and included more than 300 new products. Net sales for our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment was 25.0% of total company net sales compared with 26.0% in fiscal 2018.

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Our Outdoor Products & Accessories inventory levels increased during fiscal 2019, primarily because of increased inventory purchases to mitigate tariff costs. We expect inventory levels to continue to increase in anticipation of additional tariff costs in early fiscal 2020 and a planned inventory build to reduce the risk of potential shipping disruptions when we transition our outdoor products and accessories business into our national logistics facility in Boone County, Missouri during fiscal 2020.

Our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment order backlog as of April 30, 2019 was $12.7 million, or $1.6 million lower than at the end of fiscal 2018. We allow orders received that have not yet shipped to be cancelled, and therefore, our backlog may not be indicative of future sales.

Fiscal 2018 Net Sales Compared with Fiscal 2017

Firearms

Net sales in our Firearms segment for fiscal 2018 decreased 41.9% from fiscal 2017. We had lower shipments across nearly all product categories as customer orders softened in light of excessive channel inventories at the beginning of the fiscal year combined with lower consumer demand potentially as a result of reduced political pressure on firearm laws and regulations (as indicated by an 8.9% reduction in total adjusted background checks reported in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, or NICS). We also believe the demand in the first half of fiscal 2017 was heighted primarily because of news events, including terrorism, as well as the political environment that may have caused concerns related to potential firearm ownership restrictions leading up to the Presidential election. In addition, the success of promotions on certain products in our fourth fiscal quarter ended April 30, 2017 exceeded our expectations and may have pulled forward shipments into the prior fiscal year, contributing to reduced firearm orders during the first half of fiscal 2018.

Our handgun product revenue decreased $230.3 million, or 41.4%, from fiscal 2017 because of the lower demand for the majority of our products. Revenue for our long guns decreased $89.4 million, or 49.8%, from fiscal 2017 as a result of lower demand for our modern sporting rifles, offset by increased revenue for certain Thompson/Center Arms branded hunting rifles. New products represented 29.2% of firearm revenue for fiscal 2018 and included our new concealed carry M&P branded polymer pistol and many other product line extensions for our M&P and Thompson/Center Arms branded products. Price increases favorably impacted firearm revenue by 0.1% for fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017. The reduction in the number of units sold negatively impacted firearm revenue by 40.6%.

Total unit shipments for handguns declined at a slower rate than our decline in revenue for handguns as a result of promotional product shipments during the period, which lowered our average selling price. Total unit shipments for long guns declined at a substantially slower rate than our decline in revenue as a result of promotional product shipments during fiscal 2018 and product mix primarily driven by lower demand for our higher priced modern sporting rifles and offset by increased shipments for certain lower priced Thompson/Center Arms branded hunting rifles.

Our Firearms segment order backlog as of April 30, 2018 was $96.1 million, which was relatively flat from the end of fiscal 2017. We allow orders received that have not yet shipped to be cancelled, and therefore, our backlog may not be indicative of future sales.

Outdoor Products & Accessories

Our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment net sales for fiscal 2018 increased 21.3% over fiscal 2017, primarily because of net sales generated by the 2017 Acquisitions and 2018 Acquisitions. Revenue from acquisitions totaled $27.9 million, or 17.7%, of net sales for this segment. Organic revenue was relatively flat from fiscal 2017. Net sales for our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment was 26.0% of total net sales compared with 14.4% in fiscal 2017.

Our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment order backlog as of April 30, 2018 was $14.3 million, or $1.8 million higher than at the end of fiscal 2017. We allow orders received that have not yet shipped to be cancelled, and therefore, our backlog may not be indicative of future sales.

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Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

The following table sets forth certain information regarding cost of sales and gross profit for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2019 Cost of Sales and Gross Profit Compared with Fiscal 2018

Gross margin for fiscal 2019 for our Firearms segment increased by 4.5% over the prior fiscal year, primarily because of a combination of lower promotional product discounts, consumer rebates, and lower manufacturing spending, which favorably impacted gross margin by 6.9%. The favorable impacts to gross margin were partially offset by inventory valuation reserves related to manufacturing capitalization variance and lower of cost or market adjustments, unfavorable manufacturing fixed-cost absorption, and unfavorable product mix, all of which negatively impacted gross margin by 2.5%.

Gross margin for fiscal 2019 for our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment remained flat compared with the prior fiscal year. Favorable impacts to gross margin included changes in customer mix, which yielded higher gross margins, and lower promotional activity offset by unfavorable product mix. Our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment favorably impacted total company gross margin by 3.5% for fiscal 2019.

Fiscal 2018 Cost of Sales and Gross Profit Compared with Fiscal 2017

Gross margin for fiscal 2018 for our Firearms segment decreased by 13.3% from fiscal 2017, primarily because of a combination of reduced sales volumes across nearly all product categories, additional promotional product discounts, unfavorable manufacturing fixed-cost absorption, and inventory valuation adjustments. The unfavorable manufacturing fixed-cost absorption from lower sales volumes, inventory valuation adjustments, and additional promotional product discounts negatively impacted gross margin by 18.5%, partially offset by favorable manufacturing spending, which favorably impacted gross margin by 5.9%.

Gross margin for fiscal 2018 for our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment decreased 0.7% from fiscal 2017. Fiscal 2017 included $4.7 million of increased cost of goods sold from the fair value step-up in inventory and backlog expense as a result of the 2017 Acquisitions, which yielded a 3.6% unfavorable impact on gross margin on that segment. Excluding this expense in fiscal 2017, gross margin decreased 4.3% for fiscal 2018. Inorganic gross margin negatively impacted our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment gross margin by 1.0%, primarily because the gross margin of our survival products are generally lower than other products in this segment, partially offset by the higher gross margin for our electro-optic products. Organic gross margins decreased 3.3% from fiscal 2017, resulting from costs related to a recall of certain electro-optics products, which yielded a 1.0% unfavorable impact to gross margin, combined with a change in product mix and promotional activity. Our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment favorably impacted total company gross margin by 4.9% for fiscal 2018.

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Operating Expenses

The following table sets forth certain information regarding operating expenses for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2019 Operating Expenses Compared with Fiscal 2018

Excluding the impact of the goodwill impairment described above, operating expenses increased $9.1 million over fiscal 2018. Research & development expenses increased $1.5 million as a result of increased compensation-related expenses and professional fees. Selling and marketing expenses increased primarily as a result of $1.9 million of increased compensation-related expenses and increased travel and entertainment expenses, partially offset by decreased advertising expenses, commission costs, and professional fees. General and administrative expenses increased $6.1 million because of $8.9 million of increased compensation-related expenses as well as increased depreciation expenses related to our national logistics facility. These increases were partially offset by $2.3 million of decreased professional fees, lower donations to the National Rifle Association of $950,000, decreased travel and entertainment related expenses, and decreased acquisition-related costs.

Fiscal 2018 Operating Expenses Compared with Fiscal 2017

Operating expenses decreased $6.6 million from fiscal 2017. Research and development expenses increased primarily because of $1.1 million of additional operating expenses relating to the acquired companies. Selling and marketing expenses increased because of $4.7 million of additional operating expenses relating to acquired companies, $4.4 million of increased advertising expenses related to co-op advertising and rebate expenses, and $2.1 million of increased sales representative commission expenses, partially offset by $2.1 million of decreased management incentives and travel and entertainment expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased primarily because of an $18.5 million decrease in profit-related compensation costs and a $3.1 million decrease in acquisition-related costs, as well as due to other cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by $10.6 million of additional operating expenses relating to acquired companies and $1.3 million of increased professional fees and travel and entertainment expenses.

Operating Income

The following table sets forth certain information regarding operating income for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Fiscal 2019 Operating Income Compared with Fiscal 2018

Excluding the impact of the goodwill impairment described above, operating income for fiscal 2019 was $48.5 million, an increase of $21.4 million, or 79.1% over fiscal 2018, primarily because of a combination of lower promotional product discounts, lower consumer rebates, lower manufacturing spending, decreased professional fees, lower donations to the National Rifle Association, decreased travel and entertainment related expenses, and decreased acquisition-related costs. These increases to operating income were partially offset by unfavorable inventory valuation adjustments and manufacturing fixed-cost absorption, increased compensation-related expenses, and increased depreciation expenses related to our national logistics facility.

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Fiscal 2018 Operating Income Compared with Fiscal 2017

For fiscal 2018, operating income was $27.0 million, a decrease of $172.9 million from fiscal 2017, primarily because of reduced sales volumes of our firearm products and the related operating profit impacts from unfavorable manufacturing fixed-cost absorption, additional operating expenses related to the 2017 Acquisitions and 2018 Acquisitions, and increased advertising, rebate, and sales representative commission expenses, partially offset by reduced general and administrative expenses related to profit-related compensation expense and lower acquisition-related costs.

Other Income/(Expense)

The following table sets forth certain information regarding operating income/(expense) for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

In fiscal 2018, we recorded an adjustment of $1.6 million in the contingent consideration liability in connection with the acquisition of Ultimate Survival Technologies, Inc.

Interest (Expense)/Income

The following table sets forth certain information regarding interest expense for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Interest expense decreased by $1.8 million from the prior fiscal year because of lower overall outstanding debt during fiscal 2019.

Income Tax Expense

The following table sets forth certain information regarding income tax expense for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

We recorded income tax expense of $10.3 million for fiscal 2019, versus an income tax benefit of $2.5 million for fiscal 2018, primarily because of the impact of Tax Reform in the prior year. The effective tax rates were 35.9% and (14.3%) for fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective tax rate for the fiscal 2019 excludes a non-cash goodwill impairment charge as a discrete item.

We recorded an income tax benefit of $2.5 million for fiscal 2018, compared with a tax expense of $63.5 million for fiscal 2017, primarily because of the impact of Tax Reform and lower operating profit. The effective tax rates were (14.3%) and 33.2% for fiscal 2018 and 2017, respectively. We estimated the impact of Tax Reform, based on currently available information and interpretations of the law, to be a benefit of $8.7 million. The majority of the tax benefit was due to re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities at lower enacted corporate federal tax rates, which did not have a cash impact in fiscal 2018. Excluding the impact of Tax Reform and other discrete items, our effective tax rate for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2018 was 35.4%.

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Net Income

The following table sets forth certain information regarding net income and the related per share data for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

Fiscal 2019 Net Income Compared with Fiscal 2018

Excluding the impact of Tax Reform in the prior fiscal year and goodwill impairment in the current fiscal year, net income was $28.8 million in fiscal 2019 compared with $11.4 million in fiscal 2018, an increase of $17.4 million, or 152.6%. The increase in net income was primarily due to increased revenue, a combination of lower promotional product discounts, consumer rebates, lower manufacturing spending, decreased professional fees, and lower donations to the National Rifle Association. The favorable impacts to net income were partially offset by unfavorable inventory valuation adjustments and manufacturing fixed-cost absorption, increased compensation-related expenses, and increased depreciation expenses related to our national logistics facility.

Fiscal 2018 Net Income Compared with Fiscal 2017

Net income of $20.1 million for fiscal 2018 was $107.7 million lower than net income of $127.9 million in fiscal 2017, primarily because of lower firearm revenue, the negative impacts on gross margin discussed above, and increased operating expenses resulting from the 2017 Acquisitions and 2018 Acquisitions. Acquisition-related expenses as a result of the 2018 Acquisitions negatively impacted net income per diluted share by $0.01 per share. This was offset by the favorable impact of a lower effective tax rate as a result of Tax Reform, lower profit-related compensation expense, and lower acquisition-related expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal cash requirements are to (1) finance the growth of our operations, including working capital and capital expenditures, (2) service our existing debt, and (3) fund any potential acquisitions. Capital expenditures for tooling for new product offerings, various information technology projects, and manufacturing machinery replacements and upgrades represent important cash needs.

The following table sets forth certain cash flow information for the fiscal years ended April 30, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Operating Activities

Operating activities represent the principal source of our cash flow.

Cash provided by operating activities was $57.5 million in fiscal 2019, or $4.2 million lower than the prior fiscal year. Cash generated by operating activities for fiscal 2019 was favorably impacted by net income of $72.3 million before depreciation and amortization, $11.0 million of increased payroll and incentives due to increased management incentive accruals, and a $10.4 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge in our Outdoor Products & Accessories segment. Cash provided by operating activities was negatively impacted by $29.0 million of

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increased accounts receivable due to the timing of customer shipments, $10.5 million of increased inventory primarily due to increased inventory purchases to mitigate tariff costs related to our outdoor products and accessories products, and an $7.2 million reduction in accrued expenses because of decreased promotional product discounts and consumer rebate accruals. We anticipate that inventory levels will increase in our first quarter of fiscal 2020 due to seasonal trends, purchases to mitigate additional tariff costs expected in early fiscal 2020, and a planned inventory build to reduce the risk of shipping complications as we transition our outdoor products and accessories products to our national logistics facility in fiscal 2020.

Cash provided by operating activities was $61.6 million in fiscal 2018, or $62.0 million lower than fiscal 2017. Cash generated by operating activities for fiscal 2018 was favorably impacted by net income of $72.2 million before depreciation and amortization as well as a $51.4 million decrease in accounts receivable due to lower sales volume and a reduction in promotional term offerings. Cash generated by operating activities was partially offset by a $17.0 million increase in inventory because of lower firearm sales volumes and demand, $22.5 million of lower profit-related compensation accruals, $21.0 million of reduced accounts payable as a result of reduced manufacturing purchases, and an $8.6 million reduction in accrued expenses because of decreased promotional product discounts and rebate accruals.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2019 was $34.8 million, or $7.3 million lower than in the prior fiscal year primarily due to $21.3 million of spending on business acquisitions in the prior fiscal year, partially offset by higher spending on capital expenditures in fiscal 2019 as compared with the prior fiscal year. We recorded capital expenditures of $33.9 million, or $15.5 million over the prior fiscal year, primarily because of spending related to our national logistics facility that was completed during fiscal 2019. Excluding spending related to our national logistics facility, we recorded capital expenditures of $16.5 million, a decrease of $2.0 million from the prior fiscal year. During fiscal 2019, we acquired substantially all of the LaserLyte branded products and other assets from P&L Industries Inc., for a purchase price of $2.0 million, subject to certain adjustments, utilizing cash on hand.

Cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2018 was $42.2 million, or $201.6 million lower than fiscal 2017 primarily due to $188.0 million of higher spending in the prior fiscal year on acquisition of businesses. We recorded capital expenditures of $18.5 million in fiscal 2018, a decrease of $16.6 million from fiscal 2017. We began building our national logistics facility in fiscal 2018, which was treated as a capital lease and recorded in construction in progress, offset by a capital lease payable throughout building construction. As of April 30, 2018, we had recorded $22.0 million in construction in progress, which was included in property, plant, and equipment in our consolidated balance sheet, for costs incurred by the builder relating to the purchase of land and costs related to the design and construction of the building, offset by a $22.0 million capital lease payable, which was included in other non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet for fiscal 2018.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $30.5 million in fiscal 2019, which was relatively flat from the prior fiscal year. Cash used in financing activities during fiscal 2019 and 2018 was primarily the result of reducing our outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Line by $25.0 million and principal payments on our Term Loan.

Cash used in financing activities was $32.2 million in fiscal 2018, an increase of $22.6 million, compared with cash used in financing activities of $9.6 million for fiscal 2017.

Capital Lease – In fiscal 2017, we announced a plan to establish a national logistics facility in Boone County, Missouri. We ultimately plan to rely on this logistics facility for substantially all of our product distribution. In fiscal 2018, we broke ground on our new 633,000 square foot facility, which was completed in November 2018 and will become fully operational in fiscal 2020. As part of the completion of the building, we entered into a lease agreement with the developer of the building for $46.2 million. The lease has an effective interest rate of approximately 5.0% and is payable in 240 monthly installments through fiscal 2039. Leases are accounted for under the provisions of ASC 840-10, Leases, which requires that leases be evaluated and classified as operating or capital leases for financial reporting purposes. Based on our evaluation under ASC 840-10, we determined that the lease qualified as a capital lease because the net present value of future lease payments exceeded 90% of the fair market value of the leased building. The building is pledged to secure the amounts outstanding. We included $681,000 of short-term capital lease obligation in accrued expenses and $45.4 million in long-term capital lease obligation on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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Credit Facilities - On June 15, 2015, we entered into a Credit Agreement that provides us with a $175.0 million Revolving Line and a $105.0 million Term Loan. The Term Loan matures on June 15, 2020, and our Revolving Line matures on October 27, 2021. We had no borrowings on our Revolving Line and $81.4 million outstanding on our Term Loan as of April 30, 2019. See Note 6 – Notes and Loans Payable and Financing Arrangements in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our credit facility. Any proceeds under the credit facility are expected to be used for general corporate purposes.

On June 18, 2015, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement, which expires on June 15, 2020, covering $105.0 million of floating rate debt under the Term Loan. On July 6, 2015, we executed an interest rate swap pursuant to such agreement, which requires us to pay interest at a defined rate of 1.56% while receiving interest at a defined variable rate of one-month LIBOR (0.188% at July 31, 2015). The notional amount of the interest rate swap was $105.0 million and had an aggregate fair value of $710,000 as of April 30, 2019. This swap, when combined with the applicable margin based on our consolidated leverage ratio as of April 30, 2019, effectively fixed our interest rate on the Term Loan, subject to change based on changes in our consolidated leverage ratio. As of April 30, 2019, our interest rate on the Term Loan was 4.48%. We do not expect the interest rate swap to have any material effect on earnings within the next 12 months.

On October 27, 2016, we entered into a second amendment to our existing Credit Agreement with our lenders to expand our unsecured Revolving Line to $350.0 million with an option to increase the credit commitment for an additional $150.0 million and extended the maturity of the Revolving Line to October 27, 2021. Other than the changes described in the amendment, we remain subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as amended. We incurred $525,000 in debt issuance costs related to this amendment.

2018 Senior Notes - During fiscal 2015, we issued an aggregate of $75.0 million of 2018 Senior Notes to various institutional investors pursuant to the terms and conditions of an indenture and purchase agreements. The 2018 Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.000% per annum payable on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2015. We incurred $2.3 million of debt issuance costs related to the issuance of the 2018 Senior Notes. As discussed below, the 2018 Senior Notes were redeemed on March 8, 2018 with proceeds from the issuance of 5.000% Senior Notes due 2020. As part of the redemption, in fiscal 2018, we wrote off $226,000 of debt issuance costs related to the 2018 Senior Notes.

2020 Senior Notes - On February 28, 2018, we issued an aggregate of $75.0 million of 2020 Senior Notes to various institutional investors pursuant to the terms and conditions of an indenture, or the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture, and purchase agreements. The 2020 Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.000% per annum payable on February 28 and August 28 of each year, beginning on August 28, 2018. We used the proceeds of the 2020 Senior Notes offering to redeem our then outstanding 2018 Senior Notes. We incurred $158,000 in debt issuance costs related the issuance of the 2020 Senior Notes.

As of February 28, 2019, we may, at our option, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice, redeem all or a portion of the 2020 Senior Notes at a redemption price of 100.000% of the principal amount of the 2020 Senior Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest as of the applicable redemption date. Subject to certain restrictions and conditions, we may be required to make an offer to repurchase the 2020 Senior Notes from the holders of the 2020 Senior Notes in connection with a change of control or disposition of assets. If not redeemed by us or repaid pursuant to the holders’ right to require repurchase, the 2020 Senior Notes mature on August 28, 2020.

The 2020 Senior Notes are general, unsecured obligations of our company. The 2020 Senior Notes Indenture contains certain affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on restricted payments (such as share repurchases, dividends, and early payment of indebtedness), limitations on indebtedness, limitations on the sale of assets, and limitations on liens. Payments that would otherwise be characterized as restricted payments are permitted under the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture in an amount not to exceed 50% of our consolidated net income for the period from the issue date to the date of the restricted payment, provided that at the time of making such payments, (a) no default has occurred or would result from the making of such payments, and (b) we are able to satisfy the debt incurrence test under the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture, or the 2020 Senior Notes Lifetime Aggregate Limit. In addition, the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture provides for other exceptions to the restricted payments covenant, each of which are independent of the 2020 Senior Notes Lifetime Aggregate Limit. Among such exceptions are (i) the

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ability to make share repurchases each fiscal year in an amount not to exceed the lesser of (A) $50.0 million in any fiscal year or (B) 75.0% of our consolidated net income for the previous four consecutive published fiscal quarters prior to the date of the determination of such consolidated net income, and (ii) share repurchases over the life of the 2020 Senior Notes in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75.0 million.

The limitation on indebtedness in the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture is only applicable at such time that the consolidated coverage ratio (as set forth in the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture) for us and our restricted subsidiaries is less than 3.00 to 1.00. In general, as set forth in the 2020 Senior Notes Indenture, the consolidated coverage ratio is determined by comparing our prior four quarters’ consolidated EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) to our consolidated interest expense.

The Credit Agreement for our credit facility contains financial covenants relating to maintaining maximum leverage and minimum debt service coverage. The 2020 Senior Notes Indenture contains a financial covenant relating to times interest earned. We were in compliance with all debt covenants as of April 30, 2019.

Share Repurchase Programs - In fiscal 2017, we repurchased 2.6 million shares of our common stock in the open market for $50.0 million utilizing a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our Revolving Line. During fiscal 2019, the remaining $50.0 million of outstanding authorized share repurchase programs expired. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during fiscal 2019 or 2018.

At April 30, 2019, we had $41.0 million in cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Based upon our current working capital position, current operating plans, and expected business conditions, we believe that our existing capital resources and credit facilities will be adequate to fund our operations, including our outstanding debt and other commitments, for the next 12 months, apart from any major acquisitions.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including net sales, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, costs to enhance the equipment and software at our logistics facility, and any acquisitions or strategic investments that we may determine to make. Further equity or debt financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If sufficient funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, our ability to take advantage of unexpected business opportunities or to respond to competitive pressures could be limited or severely constrained.

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation had a material impact on us during fiscal 2019, 2018, or 2017.

Critical Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which became effective for us on May 1, 2018. Generally, all performance obligations are satisfied and revenue is recognized when the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer, which is generally upon shipment but could be delayed until the receipt of customer acceptance.

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In some instances, sales include multiple performance obligations. The most common of these instances relates to sales promotion programs under which customers are entitled to receive free goods based upon their purchase of our products. The fulfillment of these free goods are our responsibility. In such instances, we allocate the revenue of the promotional sales based on the estimated level of participation in the sales promotional program and the timing of the shipment of all of the products included in the promotional program, including the free goods. Revenue is recognized proportionally as each performance obligation is satisfied, based on the relative transaction price of each product. The net change in contract liabilities for a given period is reported as an increase or decrease to sales.

Our product sales are generally sold free on board, or FOB, shipping point and provide payment terms to most commercial customers ranging from 20 to 90 days of product shipment with a discount available to some customers for early payment. For contracts with discounted terms, the transaction price is determined upon establishment of the contract that contains the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product purchased. We estimate variable consideration relative to the amount of cash discounts to which customers are likely to be entitled. In some instances, we provide longer payment terms, particularly as it relates to our hunting dating programs, which represent payment terms due in the fall for certain orders of hunting products received in the spring and summer. We do not consider these extended terms to be a significant financing component of the contract because the payment terms are less than one year. In all cases, we consider our costs related to shipping and handling to be a cost of fulfilling the contract with the customer.

Valuation of Long-lived Tangible and Intangible Assets

We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, or asset groups, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. When such evaluations indicate that the related future undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to recover the carrying values of the assets, such carrying values are reduced to fair value and this adjusted carrying value becomes the asset’s new cost basis. We determine fair value primarily using future anticipated cash flows that are directly associated with and are expected to arise as a direct result of the use and eventual disposition of the asset, or asset group, discounted using an interest rate commensurate with the risk involved.

We have significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, which are susceptible to valuation adjustments as a result of changes in various factors or conditions. The most significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, other than goodwill, are property, plant, and equipment, developed technology, customer relationships, patents, trademarks, and trade names. We amortize all finite-lived intangible assets either on a straight-line basis or based upon patterns in which we expect to utilize the economic benefits of such assets. We initially determine the values of intangible assets by a risk-adjusted, discounted cash flow approach. We assess the potential impairment of identifiable intangible assets and fixed assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable and at least annually. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment of such assets, include the following:

Future adverse changes in these or other unforeseeable factors could result in an impairment charge that could materially impact future results of operations and financial position in the reporting period identified.

In accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, we test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on February 1 and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. The impairment test compares the fair value of the operating units to their carrying amounts to assess whether impairment is present. We have reviewed the provisions of ASC 350-20, with respect to the criteria necessary to evaluate the number of reporting units that exist. In prior years, we had concluded that we had three operating units when reviewing ASC

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350-20: Firearms, Outdoor Products & Accessories, and Electro-Optics. However, a combination of factors occurring in the firearms industry during the last few years, including changes in the political environment and reduced overall demand for both firearms and the accessories that are attached to firearms, such as laser sights, has resulted in us lowering our long-range sales volume, operating profit, and cash flow forecasts in our Electro-Optics operating unit. Based on those forecasts, we felt it important to seek out efficiencies in that operating unit to increase operating performance and, as a result, decided to combine our Electro-Optics operating unit with our Outdoor Products & Accessories operating unit. The lowered forecasts and the decision to reorganize those operating units caused us to evaluate the fair value of our operating units utilizing those forecasts. Because of that evaluation, we recorded a $10.4 million impairment of goodwill in our Electro-Optics operating unit during the three months ended January 31, 2019. This impairment was recorded in our Outdoor Products & Accessories reporting segment. Based on our review of ASC 350-20 subsequent to the reorganization of Electro-Optics into Outdoor Products & Accessories, we have determined that we now have two operating units: Firearms and Outdoor Products & Accessories.

We estimate the fair value of our Firearms and Outdoor Products & Accessories operating units using an equal weighting of the fair values derived from the income approach and the market approach because we believe a market participant would equally weight both approaches when valuing the operating units. The income approach is based on the projected cash flows that are discounted to their present value using discount rates that consider the timing and risk of the forecasted cash flows. Fair value is estimated using internally developed forecasts and assumptions. The discount rate used is the average estimated value of a market participant’s cost of capital and debt, derived using customary market metrics. Other significant assumptions include revenue growth rates, profitability projections, and terminal value growth rates. The market approach estimates fair values based on the determination of appropriate publicly traded market comparison companies and market multiples of revenue and earnings derived from those companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the operating unit being valued. Finally, we compare and reconcile our overall fair value to our market capitalization in order to assess the reasonableness of the calculated fair values of our operating units. We recognize an impairment loss for goodwill if the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value.

As of our valuation date, our Firearms operating unit had $19.0 million of goodwill and its fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value. Our Outdoor Products & Accessories operating unit had $155.4 million of goodwill and its fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value. Although we concluded that there was no additional impairment on the goodwill associated with our operating units as of April 30, 2019, we will continue to closely monitor their performance and related market conditions for future indicators of potential impairment and reassess accordingly. Our assumptions related to the development of fair value could deviate materially from actual results and forecasts used to support asset carrying values may change in the future, which could result in non-cash charges that would adversely affect our financial results of operations, specifically as it relates to our Outdoor Products & Accessories operating units.

We evaluated our other operating units and concluded that the fair value exceeded the carrying amount. The re-measurement of goodwill is classified as a Level 3 fair value assessment as described in Note 12 - Fair Value Measurement, due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed using company-specific information.

Inventories

We value inventories at the lower of cost, using the first-in, first-out, or FIFO, method, or net realizable value. An allowance for potential non-saleable inventory due to excess stock or obsolescence is based upon a detailed review of inventory, past history, and expected future usage.

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Warranty

We generally provide a limited one-year warranty and a lifetime service policy to the original purchaser of our new firearm products. We either provide a limited one-year, three-year, lifetime, or full lifetime warranty program to the original purchaser of most of our accessories products. We will also repair or replace certain products or parts found to be defective under normal use and service with an item of equivalent value, at our option, without charge during the warranty period. We provide for estimated warranty obligations in the period in which we recognize the related revenue. We quantify and record an estimate for warranty-related costs based on our actual historical claims experience and current repair costs. We make adjustments to accruals as warranty claims data and historical experience warrant. Should we experience actual claims and repair costs that are higher than the estimated claims and repair costs used to calculate the provision, our operating results for the period or periods in which such returns or additional costs materialize could be adversely impacted.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The nature and impact of recent accounting pronouncements is discussed in Note 3 — Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The following table sets forth a summary of our material contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of April 30, 2019 (in thousands):