Societal CDMO, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-36329

Recro Pharma, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Pennsylvania	26-1523233
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1 E. Uwchlan Ave, Suite 112, Exton, Pennsylvania	19341
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(770) 534-8239

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01	REPH	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 2, 2021, there were 46,515,916 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		1
Item 1. Financial statements		1
Item 2. Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations		16
Item 3. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk		23
Item 4. Controls and procedures		24
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		25
Item 1. Legal proceedings		25
Item 1A. Risk factors		25
Item 2. Unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceeds		25
Item 3. Defaults upon senior securities		25
Item 4. Mine safety disclosures		25
Item 5. Other information		25
Item 6. Exhibits		25
SIGNATURES		27

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial statements

RECRO PHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	45,724		$	23,760
Accounts receivable		12,813			9,033
Contract asset		7,350			7,330
Inventory		7,878			11,612
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		2,028			2,334
Total current assets		75,793			54,069
Property, plant and equipment, net		41,867			43,841
Intangible assets, net		—			700
Goodwill		4,319			4,319
Other assets		451			486
Total assets	$	122,430		$	103,415
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,155		$	1,804
Current portion of debt		—			1,474
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		4,148			4,525
Total current liabilities		5,303			7,803
Debt, net		89,780			108,097
Other liabilities		931			1,615
Total liabilities		96,014			117,515
Commitments and contingencies (note 8)
Shareholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value. 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value. 95,000,000 shares authorized, 46,501,849 and 28,601,358 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively		465			286
Additional paid-in capital		265,862			219,998
Accumulated deficit		(239,911	)		(234,384	)
Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)		26,416			(14,100	)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)	$	122,430		$	103,415

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

RECRO PHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	2021			2020			2021			2020
Revenue	$	18,017		$	15,522		$	34,820		$	37,299
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets)		12,334			11,634			26,671			29,888
Selling, general and administrative		3,787			4,259			8,470			9,705
Amortization of intangible assets		54			646			700			1,292
Total operating expenses		16,175			16,539			35,841			40,885
Operating income (loss)		1,842			(1,017	)		(1,021	)		(3,586	)
Interest expense		(3,960	)		(4,995	)		(7,858	)		(10,118	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		3,352			—			3,352			—
Net income (loss)	$	1,234		$	(6,012	)	$	(5,527	)	$	(13,704	)

Income (loss) per share, basic and diluted	$	0.03		$	(0.25	)	$	(0.16	)	$	(0.58	)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		39,018,730			23,577,255			34,403,935			23,486,011
Diluted		39,352,054			23,577,255			34,403,935			23,486,011

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

RECRO PHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(Unaudited)


	Common stock				Additional paid-in capital			Accumulated deficit			Total
(amounts in thousands, except share data)	Shares		Amount
Balance, December 31, 2020		28,601,358	$	286	$	219,998		$	(234,384	)	$	(14,100	)
Issuance of common stock, net of costs		2,202,420		22		9,318			—			9,340
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		3,133			—			3,133
Vesting of restricted stock units, net		209,541		2		(338	)		—			(336	)
Net loss		—		—		—			(6,761	)		(6,761	)
Balance, March 31, 2021		31,013,319		310		232,111			(241,145	)		(8,724	)
Issuance of common stock, net of costs		15,333,332		153		31,950			—			32,103
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		1,929			—			1,929
Vesting of restricted stock units, net		155,198		2		(128	)		—			(126	)
Net income		—		—		—			1,234			1,234
Balance, June 30, 2021		46,501,849	$	465	$	265,862		$	(239,911	)	$	26,416

Balance, December 31, 2019		23,312,928	$	233	$	199,938		$	(206,883	)	$	(6,712	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		3,231			—			3,231
Exercise of stock options, net		37,063		—		(105	)		—			(105	)
Vesting of restricted stock units, net		105,242		1		(917	)		—			(916	)
Net loss		—		—		—			(7,692	)		(7,692	)
Balance, March 31, 2020		23,455,233		234		202,147			(214,575	)		(12,194	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,446			—			2,446
Exercise of stock options, net		105,606		1		378			—			379
Vesting of restricted stock units, net		78,067		1		(31	)		—			(30	)
Net loss		—		—		—			(6,012	)		(6,012	)
Balance, June 30, 2020		23,638,906	$	236	$	204,940		$	(220,587	)	$	(15,411	)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

RECRO PHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended June 30,
(amounts in thousands)	2021			2020
Cash flows from operating activities, continuing operations:
Net loss	$	(5,527	)	$	(13,704	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations:
Stock-based compensation expense		5,062			5,677
Non-cash interest expense		3,080			2,919
Depreciation expense		3,033			3,008
Amortization of intangible assets		700			1,292
Gain on extinguishment of debt		(3,352	)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(3,780	)		2,805
Contract asset		(20	)		(60	)
Inventory		3,734			3,300
Prepaid expenses and other assets		426			(200	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(621	)		(631	)
Net cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations		2,735			4,406
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(2,112	)		(2,239	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,112	)		(2,239	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of costs		32,103			—
Proceeds from issuance of debt		—			4,416
Repayments of debt		(10,100	)		(1,100	)
Payment of deferred financing costs		(200	)		—
Net payments related to vesting of restricted stock units		(462	)		(1,181	)
Net proceeds related to exercise of stock options		—			509
Net cash provided by financing activities		21,341			2,644
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations		21,964			4,811
Cash flows used in discontinued operating activities		—			(1,172	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		23,760			19,148
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	45,724		$	22,787
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	4,833		$	7,228
Issuance of common stock to reduce debt principal and accrued exit fees		6,060			—
Issuance of common stock to settle interest obligations		3,211			—
Purchases of property, plant and equipment included in accrued expenses and accounts payable		191			1,293

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

RECRO PHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to consolidated financial statements

(amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

(1) Background

Recro Pharma, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on November 15, 2007. The Company is a dedicated contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) solving complex formulation and manufacturing challenges for companies developing oral solid dose drug products. It leverages its formulation and development expertise to develop and manufacture pharmaceutical products using proprietary delivery technologies and know-how for commercial partners who commercialize or plan to commercialize these products. The Company operates in one segment.

The Company has incurred net losses since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $239,911 as of June 30, 2021, which is primarily related to the activities of its former research and development business, which was spun-out in 2019. The Company’s future operations are highly dependent on the continued profitability of its manufacturing operations. Management believes that it is probable that the Company will be able to meet its obligations as they become due within at least one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

(2) Summary of significant accounting principles

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules for interim financial statements, certain information required by U.S. GAAP may be condensed or omitted. The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments (which consist primarily of accruals, estimates and assumptions that impact the financial statements) considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s results for the interim periods. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements and the notes to the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash in banks and highly liquid short-term investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired. These highly liquid short-term investments are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near to their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of the changes in interest rates.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are as follows: three to ten years for furniture, office and computer equipment; six to ten years for manufacturing equipment; 40 years for buildings; and the shorter of the lease term or useful life for leasehold improvements. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The Company reviews the carrying value of property, plant and equipment for recoverability whenever events occur or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of individual assets or asset groups may not be recoverable.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired by the Company. Goodwill is not amortized but assessed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if impairment indicators exist.

The impairment analysis for goodwill consists of an optional qualitative assessment potentially followed by a quantitative analysis. If the Company determines that the carrying value of its reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess.

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test as of November 30th, or whenever an event or change in circumstances occurs that would require reassessment of the recoverability of goodwill. In performing the evaluation, the Company assesses qualitative factors such as overall financial performance, anticipated changes in industry and market conditions, and competitive environments.

Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life. The Company is required to review the carrying value of definite-lived intangible assets for recoverability whenever events occur or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable.

Revenue recognition

The Company generates revenues from manufacturing, packaging, research and development and related services for multiple pharmaceutical companies. The agreements that the Company has with its commercial partners provide for manufacturing revenues, sales-based royalties and/or profit-sharing components.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing and other related services revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of a product to a customer, generally upon shipment, based on a transaction price that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to as specified in the agreement with the commercial partner, which could include pricing and volume-based adjustments.

Profit-sharing

In addition to manufacturing and packaging revenue, certain customer agreements may have intellectual property sales-based profit-sharing and/or royalties consideration, collectively referred to as profit-sharing, computed on the net product sales of the commercial partner. Profit-sharing revenues are generally recognized under the terms of the applicable license, development and/or supply agreement. For arrangements that include sales-based profit-sharing where the license for intellectual property is deemed to be the predominant item to which the profit-sharing relates, the Company recognizes revenue when the related sales occur by the commercial partner. For arrangements that include sales-based profit-sharing where the license for intellectual property is not deemed to be the predominant item to which the profit-sharing relates, the Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of the manufactured product. In these cases, significant judgment is required to calculate the estimated variable consideration from such profit-sharing using the expected value method based on historical commercial partner pricing and deductions. Estimated variable consideration is partially constrained due to the uncertainty of price adjustments made by the Company’s commercial partners, which are outside of the Company’s control. Factors causing price adjustments by the Company’s commercial partners include increased competition in the products’ markets, mix of volume between the commercial partners’ customers, and changes in government pricing.

Research and development

Research and development revenue includes services associated with formulation, process development, clinical trials materials services, as well as custom development of manufacturing processes and analytical methods for a customer’s non-clinical, clinical and commercial products. Such revenues are recognized at a point in time or over time depending on the nature and particular facts and circumstances associated with the contract terms.

In contracts that specify milestones, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. Milestone payments related to arrangements under which the Company has continuing performance obligations are deferred and recognized over the period of performance. Milestone payments that are not within the Company’s control, such as submission for approval to regulators by a commercial partner or approvals from regulators, are not considered probable of being achieved until those submissions are submitted by the customer or approvals are received.

In contracts that require revenue recognition over time, the Company utilizes input or output methods, depending on the specifics of the contract, that compare the cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire performance obligation. Under these contracts, the customer typically owns the product details and process, which have no alternative use. These projects are customized to each customer to meet its specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each project represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The customer also retains control of its product as the product is being created or enhanced by the Company’s services and can make changes to its process or specifications upon request.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company manages its cash and cash equivalents based on established guidelines relative to diversification and maturities to maintain safety and liquidity.

The Company’s accounts receivable balances are primarily concentrated among three customers. If any of these customers’ receivable balances should be deemed uncollectible, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company is dependent on its relationships with a small number of commercial partners, with its three largest customers having generated 90% or more of its revenues for the periods presented.

Stock-based compensation expense

The Company measures employee stock-based awards at grant-date fair value and recognizes employee compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the award. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Determining the appropriate fair value of stock options requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the option and expected stock price volatility. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to value its stock option awards. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. As a result, if factors change and/or management uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different for future awards.

The expected life of stock options was estimated using the “simplified method,” which is based on the average of the vesting tranches and the contractual life of each grant. For stock price volatility, the Company uses the historical volatility of its publicly traded stock in order to estimate future stock price trends. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury notes with a term approximating the expected life of the option.

Upon exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock units, the holder may elect to cover tax withholdings by forfeiting shares of an equivalent value. In such cases, the Company issues net new shares to the holder, pays the tax withholding on behalf of the participant and presents the payment similar to a capital distribution: a reduction to additional paid-in-capital and a financing cash outflow in the consolidated financial statements.

For non-employee stock-based awards, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each separated vesting tranche of the award, which is known as the accelerated attribution method. The estimation of the number of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from the Company’s current estimates, such amounts are recognized as an adjustment in the period in which estimates are revised.

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to the extent it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A full valuation allowance was recorded as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Unrecognized income tax benefits represent income tax positions taken on income tax returns that have not been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The Company recognizes the benefit of an income tax position only if it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the tax position will be sustained upon tax examination, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Otherwise, no benefit is recognized. The tax benefits recognized are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company does not anticipate significant changes in the amount of unrecognized income tax benefits over the next year.

Income or loss per share

Basic income or loss per share is determined by dividing net income or loss (the numerator) by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period (the denominator).

To calculate diluted income or loss per share, the numerator and denominator are adjusted to eliminate the income or loss and the dilutive effects on shares, respectively, caused by outstanding common stock options, warrants and unvested restricted stock units, using the treasury stock method, if the inclusion of such instruments would be dilutive.

For the three months ended June 30, 2021, there was no difference in the net income used to calculate basic and diluted per share results. The following table reconciles the difference in weighted average shares outstanding used for basic and diluted per share results:


Weighted average shares outstanding, basic		39,018,730
Dilutive impact of:
Restricted stock units		218,253
Stock options		4,024
Warrants		111,047
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted		39,352,054

For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and for both of the 2020 periods presented, the Company incurred a net loss. In periods of net loss, the inclusion of dilutive securities would be antidilutive because it would reduce the amount of loss incurred per share. As a result, no additional dilutive shares were included in diluted loss per share, and there were no differences between basic and diluted loss per share.

The following table presents the potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from the computations of diluted loss per share:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Restricted stock units		540,942		913,220		456,344		744,185
Stock options		4,465,348		3,586,726		4,337,299		2,278,411
Warrants		348,664		348,664		348,664		348,664

Amounts in the table above reflect the common stock equivalents of the noted instruments.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” or ASU 2018-13. ASU 2018-13 removes, modifies and adds certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurement”. There was no impact upon adoption because the Company is not currently required to provide any of the disclosures impacted by the new standard.

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” or ASU 2016-13, a new standard for measuring expected credit losses. That guidance impacts the measurement of doubtful accounts receivable, among other things. There was no impact upon adoption because the Company does not currently have any significant exposure to credit losses.

(3) Fair value of financial instruments

The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” for fair value measurement recognition and disclosure purposes for its financial assets and financial liabilities that are remeasured and reported at fair value each reporting period. The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including cash equivalents, short-term investments and certain warrants. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of financial assets and financial liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. Categorization is based on a three-tier valuation hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value, as follows:

•

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2: Inputs that are other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, inputs that are quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

•

Level 3: Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Items measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Cash equivalents of $41,411 at June 30, 2021 and $6,583 at December 31, 2020 consisted entirely of money market mutual funds whose fair value were determined using Level 1 measurements.

Fair value disclosures

The Company follows the disclosure provisions of FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments” (ASC 825), for disclosure purposes for financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value. As of June 30, 2021, the financial assets and liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis include accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying values of these accounts approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

The fair value of long-term debt, where a quoted market price is not available, is evaluated based on, among other factors, interest rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms, remaining payments and considerations of the Company’s creditworthiness. The Company determined that the recorded book value of its debt, a level 2 measurement, approximated fair value at June 30, 2021 due to the February 2021 amendment of the Credit Agreement and taking into consideration management's current evaluation of market conditions.

(4) Inventory

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Included in inventory are raw materials and work-in-process used in the production of commercial products. Items are issued out of inventory using the first-in, first-out method.

Inventory was as follows:


	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Raw materials	$	2,749		$	3,373
Work in process		1,633			5,061
Finished goods		3,826			3,544
Inventory, prior to provision		8,208			11,978
Provision for inventory obsolescence		(330	)		(366	)
Inventory	$	7,878		$	11,612

Adjustments to inventory are determined at the raw materials, work-in-process, and finished good levels to reflect obsolescence or impaired balances. Inventory is primarily ordered to meet specific customer orders and largely reflects demand. Factors influencing inventory obsolescence include changes in demand, product life cycle, product pricing, physical deterioration and quality concerns.

(5) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:


	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Land	$	3,263		$	3,263
Building and improvements		20,947			20,924
Furniture, office and computer equipment		5,826			5,879
Manufacturing equipment		45,339			39,349
Construction in progress		614			5,568
Property, plant and equipment, gross		75,989			74,983
Less: accumulated depreciation		(34,122	)		(31,142	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	41,867		$	43,841

In the first six months of 2021, $65 of interest expense was capitalized to construction in process.

(6) Intangible assets

The following table presents the components of the profit-sharing and contract manufacturing relationships asset, which was the only class of intangible asset for the periods presented:


	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Cost	$	15,500		$	15,500
Accumulated amortization		(15,500	)		(14,800	)
Net intangible assets	$	—		$	700

These assets were amortized over a six-year estimated useful life that ended in April 2021.

(7) Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Payroll and related costs	$	1,931	$	1,481
Current portion of contract liabilities (see note 11)		1,068		1,447
Property, plant and equipment		105		551
Professional and consulting fees		201		432
Other		843		614
Total	$	4,148	$	4,525

(8) Commitments and contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved, from time to time, in various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. Except as disclosed below, the Company is not currently a party to any such claims or proceedings that, if decided adversely to it, would either individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations.

On May 31, 2018, a securities class action lawsuit (the “Securities Litigation”) was filed against the Company and certain of its officers and directors (collectively, the "Defendants") in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (the "Court") (Case No. 2:18-cv-02279-MMB) that purported to state a claim for alleged violations of Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 10(b)(5) promulgated thereunder, based on statements made by the Company concerning the New Drug Application (“NDA”) for IV meloxicam. The complaint seeks unspecified damages, interest, attorneys’ fees and other costs. On December 10, 2018, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint that asserted the same claims and sought the same relief but included new allegations and named additional officers as defendants. On February 8, 2019, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint in its entirety, which the lead plaintiff opposed on April 9, 2019. On May 9, 2019, the Company filed its response and briefing was completed on the motion to dismiss. In response to questions from the Court, the parties submitted supplemental briefs regarding the motion to dismiss the amended complaint during the fall of 2019. On February 18, 2020, the motion to dismiss was granted by the Court without prejudice. On April 25, 2020, the plaintiff filed a second amended complaint. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint on June 18, 2020. The plaintiff filed an opposition to the Company’s motion to dismiss on August 17, 2020. On September 16, 2020, the Company filed a reply in support of its motion to dismiss. On March 1, 2021, the Court denied the Company’s second motion to dismiss. On June 21, 2021, the Defendants filed an answer and affirmative defenses to the second amended complaint. The parties are in the beginning stages of discovery. A Preliminary Pretrial Conference before the Court occurred on August 3, 2021.

In connection with the separation of the Company's former acute care research and development business into a new standalone entity named Baudax Bio, Inc. ("Baudax Bio"), Baudax Bio accepted assignment by the Company of all of its obligations in connection with the Securities Litigation and agreed to indemnify it for all liabilities related to the Securities Litigation. The Company and Baudax Bio believe that the lawsuit is without merit and intend to vigorously defend against it, unless and until a resolution satisfactory to the Company can be achieved.

Purchase commitments

As of June 30, 2021, the Company had outstanding cancelable and non-cancelable purchase commitments in the aggregate amount of $5,512 related to inventory, capital expenditures and other goods and services.

Employment agreements and certain other contingencies

The Company has entered into employment agreements with each of its named executive officers that provide for, among other things, severance commitments of up to $1,250 should the Company terminate the named executive officers for convenience or if certain events occur following a change in control. In addition, the Company is subject to other contingencies of up to $3,566 in the aggregate if certain events occur following a change in control.

(9) Debt

The carrying value of debt consists of the following as of June 30, 2021:


	Term loans under Credit Agreement
Principal balance outstanding	$	100,000
Unamortized deferred issuance costs		(10,795	)
Exit fee accretion		575
Total		89,780

The principal balance and exit fee due of $101,000 matures and must be repaid in 2023.

Term loans under Credit Agreement

The Company is currently party to a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Athyrium Opportunities III Acquisition LP (“Athyrium”). The Credit Agreement has been fully drawn in the form of $48,000 of term A loans and $52,000 of term B loans, all of which mature on March 31, 2023.

The Credit Agreement has been amended from time to time. An amendment in February 2021 resulted in a reduction of $16,000 principal, a reduction of 1.5% in the stated interest rate, and a $160 settlement of accrued exit fees in exchange for $10,100 of cash and $9,271, or 2,202,420 shares, of common stock issued, as well as certain other changes to the terms of the debt. Of the total common stock issued, $6,060 was applied to the principal balance and accrued exit fee, and substantially all of the remainder was added to unamortized deferred financing costs and will be amortized as interest over the remaining term of the debt.

The term loans under the Credit Agreement included a rate of interest equal to the three-month LIBOR rate, with a 1% floor plus 8.25% per annum. The term loans require the Company to pay a 1% exit fee on all repayments. At June 30, 2021, the aggregate exit fee payable was $1,000, and the cumulative exit fee accreted was $575. The exit fees are being accreted to the carrying amount of the debt using the effective interest method over the term of the loan. In addition, if the Company makes any prepayments prior to maturity, the Company would be subject to the following prepayment premiums as a percentage of the amount repaid: (i) term A loans at 2.5% through March 31, 2022 with no penalty thereafter; and (ii) term B loans at 5.0% through March 31, 2022 and 2.5% thereafter.

The Credit Agreement contains certain usual and customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as financial covenants that the Company will need to satisfy on a monthly and quarterly basis, including maintaining a permitted net leverage ratio (which is the Company’s indebtedness under the Credit Agreement, net of cash and cash equivalents, divided by EBITDA, each as defined in the Credit Agreement) and liquidity amount. As of June 30, 2021, the Company was in compliance with its covenants under the Credit Agreement.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued warrants to each of Athyrium and its affiliate, Athyrium Opportunities II Acquisition LP (“Athyrium II”), to purchase an aggregate of 348,664 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $1.73 per share. See note 10 for additional information. The warrants are exercisable through November 17, 2024.

In connection with the Credit Agreement and five subsequent amendments, the Company has paid financing costs, has incurred costs to record and subsequently to adjust the value of the warrants described above and has been accreting the exit fee described above. These costs are being recognized in interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Credit Agreement, resulting in non-cash interest expense of $1,618 and $1,459 in the second quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $3,080 and $2,919 in the first six months of 2021 and 2020, respectively.

At June 30, 2021, the overall effective interest rate, including cash paid for interest and non-cash interest expense, was 15.65%.

Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) note

In May 2020, the Company entered into a $4,416 promissory note with PNC Bank under the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “PPP Note”). Shortly after entering into the note, the Company prepaid $1,100 of principal to comply with guidance from the SBA that limited the amount that could be borrowed at that time. The note had a two-year term and a stated rate of interest of 1.0% per annum, which accrued and would have become payable beginning September 2021.

In October 2020, the Company submitted a forgiveness application for the PPP Note, and in June 2021, the PPP Note and all accrued interest thereon was forgiven. Upon receiving the decision, the Company recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of $3,352, consisting of forgiveness of $3,316 of principal and $36 of accrued interest.

(10) Shareholders’ equity or deficit

Capital raises

The following table presents the Company’s capital raises since its initial public offering:


	Date or period	Shares of common stock issued		Gross proceeds		Offering expenses			Net proceeds
Initial public offering	March 12, 2014		4,312,500	$	34,500	$	(4,244	)	$	30,256
Private placement	July 7, 2015		1,379,311		16,000		(1,188	)		14,812
Underwritten public offering	August 19, 2016		1,986,666		14,900		(1,533	)		13,367
Underwritten public offering	December 16, 2016		6,670,000		40,020		(3,132	)		36,888
2018 common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital	Year ended December 31, 2018		1,950,000		16,999		—			16,999
2019 common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital	Fourth quarter 2020		4,690,972		11,172		(78	)		11,094
Underwritten public offering	May 12, 2021		15,333,332		34,500		(2,397	)		32,103

Aspire common stock purchase agreement

The Company is currently party to an amended common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital Fund LLC (“Aspire Capital”) originally entered into during 2019, and most recently amended in February 2021 (as amended, the “2019 Common Stock Purchase Agreement”). The 2019 Common Stock Purchase Agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in the agreement, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase, at the Company’s sole election, up to an aggregate value of $41,172 in shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2021, there is availability to issue up to $30,000 or 6,199,299 shares of common stock under the 2019 Common Stock Purchase Agreement.

Athyrium stock issuance agreement

In February 2021, the Company entered into a stock issuance agreement with Athyrium in connection with an amendment to its Credit Agreement. See note 9 for additional details.

Warrants

At June 30, 2021, warrants to purchase 348,664 shares of common stock were outstanding. The warrants are held by Athyrium, equity-classified, exercisable at $1.73 per share and expire in November 2024. See note 9 for additional details.

(11) Revenue recognition

Contract assets represent revenue recognized for performance obligations completed before an unconditional right to payment exists, and therefore invoicing or associated reporting from the customer regarding the computation of the net product sales has not yet occurred. Generally, the contract assets balance is impacted by the recognition of additional contract assets, offset by amounts invoiced to customers or actual net product sale amounts reported by the commercial partner for the period.

The following table presents changes in contract assets and liabilities:


	Contract assets			Contract liabilities
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	7,330		$	2,695
Changes to the beginning balance of contract assets arising from:
Reclassification to receivables as a result of rights to consideration becoming unconditional		(8,825	)		—
Changes in estimate		1,502			—
Contract assets recognized since beginning of period, net of reclassification to receivables and changes in estimates		7,343			—
Changes to contract liabilities:
Cash received in advance of contract performance		—			2,212
Revenue recognized		—			(3,234	)
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	7,350		$	1,673
Less: noncurrent portion		—			(605	)
Current portion	$	7,350		$	1,068

The following table disaggregates revenue by timing of revenue recognition:


	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Point in time	$	16,439	$	14,365	$	31,586	$	35,420
Over time		1,578		1,157		3,234		1,879
Total	$	18,017	$	15,522	$	34,820	$	37,299

The Company’s payment terms for manufacturing revenue and development services are typically 30 to 45 days. Profit-sharing revenue is recorded to accounts receivable in the quarter that the product is sold by the commercial partner upon reporting from the commercial partner and payment terms are generally 45 days after quarter end.

(12) Stock-based compensation

In October 2013, the Company established an equity incentive plan that has been subsequently amended and restated to become the 2018 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan (the “A&R Plan”) At June 30, 2021, a total of 2,811,406 shares were available for future grants under the A&R Plan. On December 1st of each year, pursuant to the “Evergreen” provision of the A&R Plan, the number of shares available under the A&R Plan may be increased by the board of directors by an amount equal to 5% of the outstanding common stock on December 1st of that year.

Stock options

Stock options are exercisable generally for a period of 10 years from the date of grant and generally vest over four years.

The following table presents information about the fair value of stock options granted:


	Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	1.90	$	8.24
Assumptions used to determine fair value:
Range of expected option life	5.5 - 6 years		5.5 - 6 years
Expected volatility	79 - 81%		75 - 81%
Risk-free interest rate	0.7 - 1.2%		0.3 - 1.4%
Expected dividend yield		—		—

The intrinsic value of options exercised was $1,058 in the first half of 2020. No options were exercised in the first half of 2021.

The following table presents information about stock option balances and activity:


	Number of shares			Weighted average exercise price		Aggregate intrinsic value		Weighted average remaining contractual life
Balance, December 31, 2020		3,907,010		$	8.03
Granted		932,004			2.81
Forfeited or expired		(108,040	)		8.04
Balance, June 30, 2021		4,730,974			7.00	$	7	5.7 years
Exercisable		3,160,459			8.12		1	4.0 years

Included in the table above are 761,848 options outstanding as of June 30, 2021 that were granted outside the A&R Plan. The grants were made pursuant to the NASDAQ inducement grant exception in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).

Restricted stock units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) vest over six months to four years depending on the purpose of the award. The fair value of RSUs on the date of grant is measured as the closing price of the Company's common stock on that date. The weighted average grant-date fair value of RSUs awarded to employees was $3.49 in the first half of 2021 and $15.11 in the first half of 2020. The fair value of RSUs vested was $1,537 in the first half of 2021 and $3,227 in the first half of 2020.

The following table presents information about recent RSU activity:


	Number of shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Balance, December 31, 2020		1,516,819		$	5.67
Granted		743,956			3.49
Vested		(526,191	)		8.91
Forfeited		(92,408	)		10.30
Balance, June 30, 2021		1,642,176			3.39

Included in the table above are 232,822 time-based RSUs outstanding at June 30, 2021 that were granted outside of the A&R Plan. The grants were made pursuant to the NASDAQ inducement grant exception in accordance with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).

Other information

The following table presents the classification of stock-based compensation expense:


	Six months ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Cost of sales	$	2,375	$	1,991
Selling, general and administrative expenses		2,687		3,686
Total	$	5,062	$	5,677

As of June 30, 2021, there was $9,050 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options and RSUs that are expected to vest and will be expensed over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.

(13) Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. The arrangement is a lease if it conveys the right to the Company to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Options to extend the lease are included in the lease term if the options are reasonably certain to be exercised. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The following table presents the operating lease amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheets:


	Balance sheet classification	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Asset	Other assets	$	449	$	486
Liabilities:
Current	Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		145		145
Noncurrent	Other liabilities		327		366

The Company is a party to a seven-year operating lease for a development facility in the State of Georgia that ends in 2025 and immaterial operating leases for a storage area and office equipment. The development facility lease includes options to extend the lease for up to 15 additional years, none of which are included in the lease term. Short-term and variable lease costs were not material for the periods presented. The development facility lease does not provide an implicit rate, so the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease liability.

Undiscounted future lease payments for the development lease, which was the only material noncancelable lease at March 31, 2021, were as follows:


	June 30, 2021
Remainder of 2021	$	78
2022		156
2023		156
2024		156
2025 and thereafter		91
Total lease payments		637
Less imputed interest		(165	)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	472

At June 30, 2021, the weighted average remaining lease term was 4.0 years, and the weighted average discount rate was 16%. For the second quarter, total lease cost was $85 in 2021 and $80 in 2020. For the first six months ended June 30, total lease cost was $186 in 2021 and $158 in 2020.

Item 2. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021, or Annual Report.

In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those made, projected or implied in the forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed below. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report for factors that could cause or contribute to such differences.

Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Quarterly Report regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “will,”

“would” “could,” “should,” “potential,” “seek,” “evaluate,” “pursue,” “continue,” “design,” “impact,” “affect,” “forecast,” “target,” “outlook,” “initiative,” “objective,” “designed,” “priorities,” “goal,” or the negative of such terms and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Such statements are based on assumptions and expectations that may not be realized and are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which cannot be predicted with accuracy and some of which might not even be anticipated.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report include, among other things, statements about:



our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, cash flow, capital requirements and timing and availability of and the need for additional financing;



our ability to maintain or expand our relationships, profitability and contracts with our key commercial partners, including the impact of changes in consumer demand for the products we manufacture for our commercial partners;



our ability to grow and diversify our business with new customers, including our ability to meet desired project outcomes with development customers;



the extent to which the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt our business operations and financial condition and the business operations and financial condition of our customers and suppliers;



our ability to operate under increased leverage and associated lending covenants; to pay existing required interest and principal amortization payments when due; and/or to obtain acceptable refinancing alternatives;



the performance of third-party suppliers upon which we depend for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, or APIs, excipients, capsules, reagents, etc., and other third parties involved with maintenance of our facilities and equipment;



our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for applicable products and defend our intellectual property rights against third-parties;



pharmaceutical industry market forces that may impact our commercial customers’ success and continued demand for the products we produce;



our ability to recruit or retain key scientific, technical, business development, and management personnel and our executive officers; and



our ability to comply with stringent U.S. and foreign government regulation in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products, including Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, compliance and U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, or DEA, compliance and other relevant regulatory authorities applicable to our business.

We may not achieve the plans, intentions or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make. We have included important factors in the Annual Report, particularly under “Risk Factors,” that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, collaborations or investments we may make. You should read this Quarterly Report and the documents that we incorporate by reference herein completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We do not assume any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a dedicated contract development and manufacturing organization, or CDMO, solving complex formulation and manufacturing challenges for companies developing oral solid dose drug products. We leverage our formulation and development expertise to develop and manufacture pharmaceutical products using proprietary delivery technologies and know-how for partners who develop and commercialize or plan to commercialize these products. In 2020, we launched our clinical trials support services capabilities, which includes preparation of clinical trial supplies, as well as specialized services dedicated to the development and Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, of high-potency products. We operate a 97,000 square foot, DEA-licensed manufacturing facility in Gainesville, Georgia, as well as a 24,000 square foot development, high-potency product and clinical packaging facility in Gainesville, Georgia that we opened in October 2018. We currently develop and/or manufacture the following key products with our key commercial partners: Ritalin LA®, Focalin XR®, Verelan PM®, Verelan SR®, Verapamil PM and Verapamil SR, as well as supporting development stage products.

Our manufacturing and development capabilities include formulation, product development from formulation through clinical trial and commercial manufacturing, and specialized capabilities for solid oral dosage forms, extended release and controlled substance manufacturing, as well as high potency development and manufacturing. In a typical collaboration, we work with our partners to develop product candidates, or new formulations of existing product candidates, and may license certain intellectual property to such partners. We also typically exclusively manufacture and supply clinical and commercial supplies of these proprietary products and product candidates.

We have used cash flow generated by our business primarily to fund the growth of our CDMO business, to fund a historical acute care research and development business that was spun off in 2019, and to make payments under our credit facility. We believe our business will continue to contribute cash to fund our growth, make payments under our credit facility and other general corporate purposes.

COVID-19

We continue to closely monitor developments related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to have adverse effects on the U.S. and world economies, including the commercial activities of our customers and their peers. While we are committed to continue providing essential pharmaceutical products to our customers, we are also taking all necessary measures to protect the health and safety of our employees. These developments include:

Operations. We are continuing to follow appropriate safety protocols including strict social distancing and other protective measures for employees supporting essential operations at our plant. We are also supporting continued remote work arrangements for other personnel not required to work on site.

Business development. We continue to experience lower than expected growth in our development business, which we believe is partially attributable to COVID-19. We have responded to these challenges by adopting new methods for meeting and contacting customers. Meanwhile, some customers have begun easing restrictions, but these measures vary among customers and from state to state. Other customers continue to delay their development plans for a variety of reasons such as concerns about the timing of clinical trials.

Manufacturing demand. We believe that there continues to be lower end-user demand for some of the commercial products we manufacture as compared to periods prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Third party national data demonstrates that there was a meaningful impact of COVID-19 on the reduction of total prescriptions filled by patients across most therapeutic areas, including chronic cardiovascular and pediatric medications.

Our sales and manufacturing operations for the first half of 2021 were disrupted as a result of the pandemic because of production slowdowns, stoppages and decreased demand for the products we manufacture. While we are not currently expecting that future results will be materially impacted by the pandemic, there can be no assurance that such future results will not be impacted. While vaccines have proven effective in reducing the severity and mortality of COVID-19, including the variants that have evolved to date, the overall vaccination rate in the United States has not reached the level required for herd immunity. Certain variants of COVID-19, such as the delta variant, are proving to be more easily spread than earlier variants. We may also be adversely impacted by broader economic effects associated with the pandemic such as inflation, changes in laws and general volatility in the markets. The continued low vaccination rate, and the emergence of new variants, which could prove resistant to existing vaccines, could again result in major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. We will continue to closely monitor any developments.

Financial overview

Revenues

We recognize three types of revenue: manufacturing, profit-sharing and research and development.

Manufacturing

We recognize manufacturing revenue from the sale of products we manufacture for our commercial partners. Manufacturing revenues are recognized upon transfer of control of a product to a customer, generally upon shipment, based on a transaction price that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to as specified in the agreement with the commercial partner, which could include pricing and volume-based adjustments.

Profit-sharing

We recognize profit-sharing or royalty revenue, collectively referred to as profit-sharing revenue, related to the sale of products by our commercial partners that incorporate our technologies. Profit-sharing revenues are generally recognized under the terms of the applicable license, development and/or supply agreement. For arrangements that include sales-based profit-sharing and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the profit-sharing relates, we recognize revenue when the related sales occur by the commercial partner. For arrangements that include sales-based profit-sharing and the license is not deemed to be the predominant item to which the profit-sharing relates, we recognize revenue when the performance obligation to which the profit-sharing has been allocated has been satisfied, which is upon transfer of control of a product to a customer. In these cases, significant judgment is required to calculate the estimated variable consideration from such profit-sharing using the expected value method based on historical commercial partner pricing and deductions. Estimated variable consideration is partially constrained due to the uncertainty of price adjustments made by our commercial partners, which are outside of our control. Factors causing price adjustments by our commercial partners include increased competition in the products’ markets, mix of volume between the commercial partners’ customers, and changes in government pricing.

Research and development

Research and development revenue includes services associated with formulation, process development, clinical trial material and clinical trial support services, as well as custom development of manufacturing processes and analytical methods for a customer’s non-clinical, clinical and commercial products. Such revenues are recognized at a point in time or over time depending on the nature and particular facts and circumstances associated with the contract terms.

In contracts that specify milestones, we evaluate whether the milestones are considered probable of being achieved and estimate the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. Milestone payments related to arrangements under which we have continuing performance obligations are deferred and recognized over the period of performance. Milestone payments that are not within our control, such as submission for approval to regulators by a commercial partner or approvals from regulators, are not considered probable of being achieved until those submissions are submitted by the customer or approvals are received.

In contracts that require revenue recognition over time, we utilize input or output methods, depending on the specifics of the contract, that compare the cumulative work-in-process to date to the most current estimates for the entire performance obligation. Under these contracts, the customer typically owns the product details and process, which have no alternative use. These projects are customized to each customer to meet its specifications and typically only one performance obligation is included. Each project represents a distinct service that is sold separately and has stand-alone value to the customer. The customer also retains control of its product as the product is being created or enhanced by our services and can make changes to its process or specifications upon request.

Cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses

Cost of sales consists of inventory costs, including production wages, material costs and overhead, and other costs related to the recognition of revenue. Selling, general and administrative expenses consists of salaries and related costs for corporate administrative, public company costs, business development personnel as well as legal, patent-related expenses and consulting fees. Public company costs include compliance, auditing services, tax services, insurance and investor relations.

We expect our business development expenses to increase in 2021 as we continue to expand our sales team in various geographies, in anticipation of business growth from new formulation and development capabilities.

For the first half of 2021, we qualified for approximately $2.7 million of federal employee retention credits. The employee retention credits are recognized as offsets to our expenses in the same period that the related employee expenditures are recognized. The expense offset for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was approximately $1.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively. Based on the current form of the credits, we could qualify for an additional $1 million to $3 million during the remainder of 2021. However, any future changes to our business or to the rules surrounding the credit could impact our ability to receive and recognize those future credits.

Amortization of intangible assets

We recognized amortization expense related to an intangible asset for our profit-sharing and contract manufacturing relationships on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of six years. Amortization stopped when the intangible asset reached the end of its useful life in April 2021.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the periods presented primarily relates to our Athyrium senior secured term loans and the amortization of related financing costs.

Net operating losses and tax carryforwards

As of December 31, 2020, we had federal net operating loss, or NOL, carry forwards of approximately $130.6 million, $122.4 million of which have an indefinite carry forward period. The remaining $8.2 million of federal NOL carry forwards, $127.4 million of state NOL carry forwards and federal and state research and development tax credit carryforwards of $4.4 million are also available to offset future taxable income, but they will begin to expire at various dates beginning in 2028 if not utilized. We believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred income tax assets associated with our U.S. operations will not be realized, and as such, there is a full valuation allowance against our U.S. deferred tax assets.

Results of operations

Comparison of second quarters 2021 and 2020


	Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021			2020
Revenue	$	18.0		$	15.5
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets)		12.3			11.6
Selling, general and administrative		3.8			4.3
Amortization of intangible assets		0.1			0.6
Total operating expenses		16.2			16.5
Operating income (loss)		1.8			(1.0	)
Interest expense		(4.0	)		(5.0	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		3.4			—
Net income (loss)	$	1.2		$	(6.0	)

Revenue. The increase of $2.5 million was primarily the result of increased product sales from one of our commercial partners as well as higher revenues from our clinical trial materials business including revenue from a new commercial product tech transfer project. These increases were partially offset by decreases in product sales due to the discontinuation of two commercial product lines by our commercial partners.

Cost of sales. The increase of $0.7 million was primarily due to higher commercial manufacturing volumes and is partially offset by lower costs due to certain employment incentive tax credits in 2021.

Selling, general and administrative. The decrease of $0.5 million was primarily related to lower public company costs and stock based compensation expense.

Amortization of intangible assets. The decrease of $0.5 million was because the amortization of CDMO royalties and contract manufacturing relationships acquired in 2015 ended on April 10, 2021.

Interest expense. The decrease of $1.0 million was primarily due to reduced term loan borrowings under the Credit Agreement with Athyrium as well as a decrease in the LIBOR base rate of interest on our term loans under the Credit Agreement.

Gain on extinguishment of debt. In June 2021, the PPP Note and all accrued interest thereon was forgiven.

Comparison of first six months 2021 and 2020


	Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)	2021			2020
Revenue	$	34.8		$	37.3
Operating expenses:
Cost of sales (excluding amortization of intangible assets)		26.7			29.9
Selling, general and administrative		8.5			9.7
Amortization of intangible assets		0.7			1.3
Total operating expenses		35.9			40.9
Operating loss		(1.1	)		(3.6	)
Interest expense		(7.8	)		(10.1	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt		3.4			—
Net loss	$	(5.5	)	$	(13.7	)

Revenue. The decrease of $2.5 million was primarily the result of the discontinuation of two commercial product lines by our commercial partners announced in the first quarter of 2020. During the 2021 period, increased product sales from two of our commercial partners, as well as higher revenues from our clinical trial materials new business growth activities, have partially offset the decrease.

Cost of sales. The decrease of $3.2 million was primarily due to lower commercial manufacturing volumes and reflects lower costs due to the prior year reduction in force as well as certain employment incentive tax credits in 2021.

Selling, general and administrative. The decrease of $1.2 million was primarily related to lower public company costs and stock based compensation expense.

Amortization of intangible assets. The decrease of $0.5 million was because the amortization of CDMO royalties and contract manufacturing relationships acquired in 2015 ended on April 10, 2021.

Interest expense. The decrease of $2.3 million was primarily due to reduced term loan borrowings under the Credit Agreement with Athyrium as well as a decrease in the LIBOR base rate of interest on our term loans under the Credit Agreement.

Gain on extinguishment of debt. In June 2021, the PPP Note and all accrued interest thereon was forgiven.

Liquidity and capital resources

At June 30, 2021, we had $45.7 million in cash and cash equivalents.

Since our inception, we have financed our operations and capital expenditures primarily from the issuance of equity and debt. During the first half of 2021, our capital expenditures were $2.1 million to scale and support our expansion of capabilities.

We are party to a credit agreement with Athyrium, or the Credit Agreement, which has been fully drawn. The Credit Agreement requires us to repay the outstanding principal amount of $100.0 million on March 31, 2023. The Credit Agreement also includes certain financial covenants that the Company will need to satisfy on a monthly and quarterly basis, including: 1) maintaining a permitted net leverage ratio, calculated as our indebtedness, net of cash and cash equivalents, divided by EBITDA, each as defined in the Credit Agreement; and 2) a minimum amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand.

We are also party to an amended common stock purchase agreement with Aspire Capital Fund LLC, or Aspire Capital. The amended agreement provides that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in the agreement, Aspire Capital is committed to purchase, at our sole election, up to an aggregate value of $41.2 million in shares of common stock. As of June 30, 2021, there is availability to issue up to $30.0 million or 6,199,299 shares of common stock under the 2019 Common Stock Purchase Agreement.

We may require additional financing and if we do, we may raise such additional funds through debt refinancing, bank or other loans, through strategic development, licensing activities, sale of assets and/or marketing arrangements or through public or private sales of equity or debt securities from time to time. Financing may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all, and our failure to raise capital when needed could materially adversely impact our growth plans and our financial condition or results of operations. Further, our ability to access capital market or otherwise raise capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to, and volatility in, financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Additional debt or equity financing, if available, may be dilutive to the holders of our common stock and may involve significant cash payment obligations and covenants that restrict our ability to operate our business or to access capital.

Sources and uses of cash


	Six months ended June 30,
(amounts in millions)	2021			2020
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations:
Operating activities	$	2.7		$	4.4
Investing activities		(2.1	)		(2.2	)
Financing activities		21.3			2.6
Net cash provided by continuing operations	$	21.9		$	4.8

Net cash used in discontinued operations	$	—		$	(1.2	)

Cash flows from operating activities represent our net loss as adjusted for stock-based compensation, depreciation, non-cash interest expense, amortization of intangibles, a gain on extinguishment of debt and changes in operating assets and liabilities. The decrease in cash flows from operations was primarily due to growth in accounts receivable due to timing of collections, which was partially offset by a decrease in operating loss.

Net cash used in investing activities relates to capital expenditures to scale and support our expansion of capabilities.

Net cash provided by financing activities in the first half of 2021 primarily included net proceeds from an issuance of common stock of $32.1 million, partially offset by debt repayments of $10.1 million made in connection with an amendment to our credit facility.

Net cash used in discontinued operations during 2020 was to settle outstanding liabilities related to our former acute care research and development business.

Forward-looking factors

Our future use of operating cash and capital requirements will depend on many forward-looking factors, including the following:



the extent to which we in-license, acquire or invest in products, businesses and technologies;



the timing and extent of our manufacturing and capital expenditures;



our ability to maintain or expand our relationships and contracts with our commercial partners;



our ability to grow and diversify our business with new customers, including our ability to meet desired project outcomes with development customers;



our ability to regain profitability;



our ability to comply with stringent U.S. & foreign government regulation in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products, including cGMP and U.S. DEA requirements;



our ability to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or sale of certain assets;



the costs of preparing, submitting and prosecuting patent applications and maintaining, enforcing and defending intellectual property claims; and



the extent to which health epidemics and other outbreaks of communicable diseases, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could disrupt our operations or materially and adversely affect our business and financial conditions.

We might use existing cash and cash equivalents on hand, additional debt, equity financing, sale of assets or out-licensing revenue or a combination thereof to fund our operations or acquisitions. If we increase our debt levels, we might be restricted in our ability to raise additional capital and might be subject to financial and restrictive covenants. Our shareholders may experience dilution as a result of the issuance of additional equity or debt securities. This dilution may be significant depending upon the amount of equity or debt securities that we issue and the prices at which we issue any securities.

Contractual commitments

The table below reflects our contractual commitments as of June 30, 2021:


	Payments due by period
(in millions)	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Debt obligations (1):
Principal	$	101.0	$	—	$	101.0	$	—	$	—
Interest		16.2		9.4		6.8		—		—
Purchase obligations (2)		5.5		5.1		0.4		—		—
Operating leases (3)		0.6		0.2		0.3		0.1		—
Other long-term liabilities (4)		1.3		1.0		0.3		—		—
Total	$	124.6	$	15.7	$	108.8	$	0.1	$	—

(1)

Debt obligations consist of principal, an exit fee of 1% of that principal, and interest on $100.0 million of outstanding term loans under our credit facility with Athyrium. Because the Athyrium term loans bear interest at a variable rate based on LIBOR, we estimated future interest commitments utilizing the LIBOR rate as of June 30, 2021. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, the future interest obligations are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheet.

(2)

Purchase obligations consist of cancelable and non-cancelable purchase commitments related to inventory, capital expenditures and other goods or services. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, these obligations are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets.

(3)

We are party to a seven-year operating lease for a development facility in Georgia that ends in 2025. The lease includes options to extend for up to 15 additional years at our discretion.

(4)

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our named executive officers that provide for, among other things, severance commitments of up to $1.3 million should we terminate the named executive officers for convenience or if certain events occur following a change in control. In addition, we would be subject to other contingencies of up to $3.6 million in the aggregate if certain events occur following a change in control; because these obligations are contingent, the amounts are not included in the table above.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report.

Item 3. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk

There has been no material change in our assessment of our sensitivity to market risk described in the Annual Report.

Item 4. Controls and procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2021. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. However, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2021, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal proceedings.

Information regarding legal and regulatory proceedings is set forth in note 8 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, and is incorporated by reference herein.

We are also engaged in various other legal actions arising in the ordinary course of our business (such as, for example, proceedings relating to employment matters or the initiation or defense of proceedings relating to intellectual property rights) and, while there can be no assurance, we believe that the ultimate outcome of these other legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk factors.

There have been no material changes from our risk factors as previously reported in our Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon senior securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine safety disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)

The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference herein:

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.	Description	Method of filing
10.1	Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Inducement Award Agreement	Filed herewith
10.2	Form of Inducement Award Agreement for Restricted Stock Units	Filed herewith
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of Principal Executive Officer	Filed herewith
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer	Filed herewith
32.1	Section 1350 certification, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
101 INS	XBRL Instance Document	Filed herewith
101 SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema	Filed herewith
101 CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase	Filed herewith
101 DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase	Filed herewith
101 LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase	Filed herewith
101 PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	Filed herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	RECRO PHARMA, INC.

Date: August 9, 2021	By:	/s/ J. David Enloe, Jr.
		J. David Enloe, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: August 9, 2021	By:	/s/ Ryan D. Lake
		Ryan D. Lake
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)