Sonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 December (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

or

Commission File Number 001-33216

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1129 North McDowell Blvd.

Petaluma, CA 94954

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(707) 283-0550

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o   No  x

As of February 9, 2018, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, was 4,732,202

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Index

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Organization

Sonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc., (the “Company”), was incorporated under the laws of the State of California in April 1999 and was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in December 2006. The Company’s principal office is located in Petaluma, California. The Company is a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to identifying, developing and commercializing unique, differentiated therapies to millions of patients living with chronic skin conditions. The Company believes its products, which are sold throughout the United States and internationally, have improved patient outcomes for more than five million patients globally by treating and reducing certain topical skin diseases including acne, atopic dermatitis, scarring, infections, itch, pain and harmful inflammatory responses.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017 and for the three and nine months then ended have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending March 31, 2018 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2017 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on June 28, 2017.

The Company reported a net loss of $9,565,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, the Company’s accumulated deficit amounted to $152,677,000 and $143,101,000, respectively. The Company had working capital of $12,279,000 and $19,355,000 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively. The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital to pursue its product development initiatives, penetrate markets for the sale of its products and continue as a going concern.

On December 8, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc. (“B. Riley”) under which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $5,000,000 from time to time through B. Riley acting as its sales agent. The Company will pay B. Riley a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock sold through B. Riley as agent. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company sold 228,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $1,034,000 and net proceeds of $968,000 after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

Management believes that the Company has access to additional capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means; however, the Company cannot provide any assurance that other new financings will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if needed. If the economic climate in the U.S. deteriorates, the Company’s ability to raise additional capital could be negatively impacted. If the Company is unable to secure additional capital, it may be required to curtail its research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve its cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet its obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in the Company’s efforts to commercialize its products, which is critical to the realization of its business plan and the future operations of the Company. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include reserves and write-downs related to receivables and inventories, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation allowance relating to the Company’s deferred tax assets, valuation of equity and derivative instruments, debt discounts, valuation of investments, determination of the relative selling prices of the components sold to Invekra, and the estimated amortization periods of upfront product licensing fees received from customers. Periodically, the Company evaluates and adjusts estimates accordingly. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents probable credit losses of $13,000 and $14,000 at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively. Additionally, at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017 the Company has allowances of $1,423,000 and $672,000, respectively, related to potential discounts, returns, distributor fees and rebates. The allowances are included in Accounts Receivable, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) per common share

Basic earnings and loss per share for both continuing and discontinued operations are computed by dividing the net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options (using the treasury stock method) and warrants (using the if-converted method). Diluted loss per share excludes the shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants from the calculation of net loss per share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following securities were excluded from the weighted average dilutive common shares outstanding because their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable

The Company generates revenue from sales of its products to a customer base including hospitals, medical centers, doctors, pharmacies, distributors and wholesalers. The Company sells products directly to end users and to distributors. The Company also has entered into agreements to license its technology and products.

The Company also provides regulatory compliance testing and quality assurance services to medical device and pharmaceutical companies.

The Company records revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred, (iii) the fee is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability of the sale is reasonably assured.

The Company requires all product sales to be supported by evidence of a sale transaction that clearly indicates the selling price to the customer, shipping terms and payment terms. Evidence of an arrangement generally consists of a contract or purchase order approved by the customer. The Company has ongoing relationships with certain customers from which it customarily accepts orders by telephone in lieu of purchase orders.

The Company recognizes revenue at the time it receives confirmation that the goods were either tendered at their destination, when shipped “FOB destination,” or transferred to a shipping agent, when shipped “FOB shipping point.” Delivery to the customer is deemed to have occurred when the customer takes title to the product. Generally, title passes to the customer upon shipment, but could occur when the customer receives the product based on the terms of the agreement with the customer.

The selling prices of all goods are fixed, and agreed to with the customer, prior to shipment. Selling prices are generally based on established list prices. The right to return product is customarily based on the terms of the agreement with the customer. The Company estimates and accrues for potential returns and records this as a reduction of revenue in the same period the related revenue is recognized. Additionally, distribution fees are paid to certain wholesale distributors based on contractually determined rates. The Company estimates and accrues the fee on shipment to the respective wholesale distributors and recognizes the fee as a reduction of revenue in the same period the related revenue is recognized. The Company also offers cash discounts to certain customers, generally 2% of the sales price, as an incentive for prompt payment. The Company accounts for cash discounts by reducing accounts receivable by the prompt pay discount amount and recognizes the discount as a reduction of revenue in the same period the related revenue is recognized. Additionally, the Company participates in certain rebate programs which provide discounted prescriptions to qualified patients. The Company contracts with a third-party to administer the program. The Company estimates and accrues for future rebates based on historical data for rebate redemption rates and the historical value of redemptions. Rebates are recognized as a reduction of revenue in the same period the related revenue is recognized.

The Company evaluates the creditworthiness of new customers and monitors the creditworthiness of its existing customers to determine whether an event or changes in their financial circumstances would raise doubt as to the collectability of a sale at the time in which a sale is made. Payment terms on sales made in the United States are generally 30 to 60 days and are extended up to 90 days for initial product launches, payment terms internationally generally range from prepaid prior to shipment to 90 days.

In the event a sale is made to a customer under circumstances in which collectability is not reasonably assured, the Company either requires the customer to remit payment prior to shipment or defers recognition of the revenue until payment is received. The Company maintains a reserve for amounts which may not be collectible due to risk of credit losses.

In the event a sale is made to a customer under circumstances in which returns cannot be estimated, the Company defers recognition of the revenue until sell-through is confirmed.

Product license revenue is generated through agreements with strategic partners for the commercialization of Microcyn® products. The terms of the agreements sometimes include non-refundable upfront fees. The Company analyzes multiple element arrangements to determine whether the elements can be separated. Analysis is performed at the inception of the arrangement and as each product is delivered. If a product or service is not separable, the combined deliverables are accounted for as a single unit of accounting and recognized over the performance obligation period.

When appropriate, the Company defers recognition of non-refundable upfront fees. If the Company has continuing performance obligations then such up-front fees are deferred and recognized over the period of continuing involvement.

The Company recognizes royalty revenues from licensed products upon the sale of the related products.

Revenue from consulting contracts is recognized as services are provided. Revenue from testing contracts is recognized as tests are completed and a final report is sent to the customer.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, cost being determined on a standard cost basis (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis), or net realizable value.

Due to changing market conditions, estimated future requirements, age of the inventories on hand and production of new products, the Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records a provision to write down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net realizable value. The Company recorded reserves to reduce the carrying amounts of inventories to their net realizable value in the amounts of $201,000 and $61,000 at December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to the fiscal 2018 presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on the Company’s previously reported condensed consolidated net loss.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluates events that have occurred after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. Based upon the evaluation, the Company did not identify any recognized or non-recognized subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements (Note 11).

Adoption of Recent Accounting Standards

In March 2016 the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update simplifies the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows.

On April 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-09. As a result of adopting ASU No. 2016-09, the Company has made an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. This change has been applied on a modified retrospective basis, with no material impacts on the Company’s financial statements. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 also requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies be recorded in the income statement as opposed to additional paid-in capital when the awards vest or are settled and recognize all previously unrecognized excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies upon adoption as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. As of April 1, 2017, the Company recognized excess tax benefit of approximately $533,000 as an increase to deferred tax assets. However, the entire amount was offset by a full valuation allowance.  Accordingly, no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings was recorded as of December 31, 2017.

Additionally, the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 related to the accounting for minimum statutory withholding tax requirements and cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes had no impact on the Company's current consolidated financial statements or on any prior period financial statements presented.

Recent Accounting Standards

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases (Topic 840) and provides principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The FASB has continued to clarify this guidance and most recently issued ASU 2017-13 Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than twelve months regardless of classification. Leases with a term of twelve months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The standard will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted upon issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Revenue

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 amends the guidance for revenue recognition to replace numerous, industry-specific requirements and converges areas under this topic with those of the International Financial Reporting Standards. The ASU implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. The amendment also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions include the capitalization and amortization of certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. The amendments of ASU 2014-09 were effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption prohibited. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers by one year the effective date of ASU 2014-09. Accordingly, this guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on assessing whether an entity is a principal or an agent in a revenue transaction. This conclusion impacts whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10 Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard regarding the identification of performance obligations and accounting for the license of intellectual property. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12 Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which finalizes its amendments to the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which continues the FASB’s ongoing project to issue technical corrections and improvements to clarify the codification or correct unintended applications of guidance. In September 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Leases (Topic 840), and Leases (Topic 842), which provides additional implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU 2014-09. The amendments are intended to make the guidance more operable and lead to more consistent application. The amendments have the same effective date and transition requirements as the new revenue recognition standard. The Company will adopt the new standard on April 1, 2018 and currently plans to use the modified retrospective method. The majority of the Company’s business is ship and bill and, on that primary revenue stream, the Company does not expect significant differences. However, the Company’s analysis is preliminary and subject to change. The Company has not completed its assessment of multiple element arrangements and certain discount and trade promotion programs.

Business Combinations

In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805) Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendments in this Update is to clarify the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The definition of a business affects many areas of accounting including acquisitions, disposals, goodwill, and consolidation. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance.

Stock Compensation

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, clarifying when a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. The new guidance requires modification accounting if the fair value, vesting condition or the classification of the award is not the same immediately before and after a change to the terms and conditions of the award. The new guidance is effective for the Company on a prospective basis beginning on April 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2017-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB, the SEC or other standard setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Description of Sale to Invekra

On October 27, 2016, the Company, along with its Mexican subsidiary and manufacturer Oculus Technologies of Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (“OTM”), closed on an asset purchase agreement with Invekra, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (“Invekra”), an affiliate of Laboratorios Sanfer S.A. de C.V., for the sale of certain of its Latin America assets. Specifically, the Company agreed to sell certain patents, patent applications, trademarks and territory rights for Mexico, the Caribbean and South America, excluding the sale of dermatology products in Brazil, as well as to build and deliver equipment that Invekra will use to produce its own product.

The aggregate purchase price that Invekra will pay for the assets is $22,000,000, of which $18,000,000 was paid upon closing, $1,500,000 was paid on March 16, 2017 upon the delivery of certain equipment, and $2,500,000 is to be paid in Mexican currency in quarterly installments over a period of ten years from closing as consideration for the provision of certain services and providing technical assistance, calculated as three percent on net sales of certain products in Latin America, excluding Mexico. Because the $2,500,000 is to be paid in foreign currency, the Company may receive more or less than $2,500,000 due to currency fluctuations. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $39,000 of service revenue and $33,000 of interest income related to technical assistance which is reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income for the nine months ended December 31, 2017.

In connection with the asset purchase agreement, the Company agreed to provide the technology, know-how and assistance to Invekra to enable Invekra to manufacture on its own the products as currently produced by the Company (“Technical Services Arrangement”), and continue to supply product to Invekra for a two-year transition period from the Sale Date, subject to mutual extension (“Supply Agreement”). During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2016, the Company reported $465,000 of Latin America product revenue related to the Supply Agreement with Invekra. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company reported $772,000 and $2,095,000, respectively, of Latin America product revenue related to the Supply Agreement with Invekra.

The Company will provide product under the Supply Agreement at a reduced price from its current price list, while Invekra builds its own manufacturing line. At the conclusion of the transition period, the Company will cease to be a supplier of product to Invekra. The Company is uncertain as to the duration of the transition period or when Invekra will complete the build out of its manufacturing line. Pursuant to the Supply Agreement, the Company is subject to a potential penalty for failure to supply the products for a consecutive period of nine months. The penalty, if triggered, will require the Company to make a one-time payment of $2,000,000 to Invekra. The penalty decreases by 12.5% each quarter of the term of the supply period.

Discontinued operations

As of December 31, 2016, the Company determined that the sale of its Latin American operations to Invekra qualified as a sale of a component of its business and, as such, all such activity prior to consummation of the sale is required to be included in discontinued operations on the Company’s statement of operations. This includes the direct labor and materials for the product delivered to Invekra, the revenue on the sales to Invekra and the gain on the sale to Invekra, net of tax.

The operations of its Latin American business included in discontinued operations is summarized as follows:

Inventories, net

Inventories consist of the following:

Legal Matters

The Company, on occasion, may be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business including matters involving proprietary technology. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which the Company is or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on its business and financial condition of comprehensive (loss) income.

Employment Agreements

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had employment agreements in place with six of its key executives. The agreements provide, among other things, for the payment of twelve to eighteen months of severance compensation for terminations under certain circumstances. With respect to these agreements, at December 31, 2017, aggregated annual salaries would be $1,167,000 and potential severance payments to these key executives would be $1,417,000 if triggered.

Authorized Capital

The Company is authorized to issue up to 12,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and 714,286 shares of convertible preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

At Market Issuance of Common Stock

On December 8, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc. (“B. Riley”) under which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $5,000,000 from time to time through B. Riley acting as its sales agent. The Company will pay B. Riley a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock sold through B. Riley as agent. For the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company sold 228,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $1,034,000 and net proceeds of $968,000 after deducting commissions and other offering expenses.

Common Stock Issued to Services Provider

During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement with Actual, Inc., a firm that provides marketing and branding consulting services. On July 27, 2017, the Company issued 2,570 shares of restricted common stock valued at $6.74 per share and on August 22, 2017, the Company issued 3,133 shares of restricted common stock valued at $5.53 per share. The aggregate fair market value of the common stock issued in July and August was $35,000. On December 1, 2017, the Company issued 5,479 shares of restricted common stock valued at $5.02 per share. The aggregate fair market value of the common stock issued was $27,000. The Company has determined that the fair value of the common stock was more readily determinable than the fair value of the services rendered. Accordingly, during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded $28,000 and $62,000, respectively, of expense related to common stock issued. The expense was recorded as selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2017.

On April 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09 and, as a result, made a Company-wide accounting policy change with respect to accounting for forfeitures. The Company applied a modified retrospective approach for adoption of the new policy and accordingly recorded an $11,000 increase to opening accumulated deficit at April 1, 2017. In accordance with the adoption of the accounting policy, the Company no longer estimates forfeitures based on historical experience and no longer reduces compensation expense based on the expected forfeitures. Beginning April 1, 2017, the Company will record forfeitures as they occur and will reduce compensation cost at the time of forfeiture.

The weighted average grant date fair values of options granted during the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was $6.01.

Share-based awards compensation expense is as follows:

At December 31, 2017, there were unrecognized compensation costs of $2,636,000 related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of 2.20 years.

At December 31, 2017, there were unrecognized compensation costs of $178,000 related to restricted stock which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of 1.66 years.

Stock-Based Award Activity

On April 1, 2017, pursuant to “evergreen” provisions in the 2011 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, the number of shares authorized for issuance in the 2011 Plan increased by 643,383 shares and the number of shares authorized for issuance in the 2016 Plan increased by 343,137 shares.

Stock options award activity is as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock, or $5.45 per share at December 31, 2017.

Restricted stock award activity is as follows:

No income tax benefit has been recognized relating to stock-based compensation expense and no tax benefits have been realized from exercised stock options.

The Company did not capitalize any cost associated with stock-based compensation.

The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock awards.

The Company has completed a study to assess whether a change in control has occurred or whether there have been multiple changes of control since the Company’s formation through March 31, 2017. The Company determined, based on the results of the study, no change in control occurred for purposes of Internal Revenue Code section 382. The Company, after considering all available evidence, fully reserved its deferred tax assets since it is more likely than not, such benefits, will not be realized in future periods. The Company incurred losses for both financial reporting and income tax purposes for the year ended March 31, 2017. Accordingly, the Company is continuing to fully reserve for its deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to evaluate its deferred tax assets to determine whether any changes in circumstances could affect the realization of their future benefit. If it is determined in future periods that portions of the Company’s deferred income tax assets satisfy the realization standards, the valuation allowance will be reduced accordingly.

As a result of certain realization requirements of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities do not include certain deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 that arose directly from tax deductions related to equity compensation in excess of compensation recognized for financial reporting purposes. Equity will be increased by approximately $533,000 if and when such deferred tax assets are ultimately realized.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that will affect the Company’s fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, including, but not limited to, reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate. The Tax Act reduces the federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2018.  Section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code stipulates that our fiscal year ending March 31, 2018, will have a blended corporate tax rate of approximately 30 percent, which is based on the applicable tax rates before and after the Tax Act and the number of days in the year.  The reduction of the corporate tax rate to 21% will cause the Company to reduce its deferred tax asset, consisting primarily of net operating loss carry forwards, research and development tax credit carry-forwards and stock based compensation and adjust the valuation allowance against the deferred tax asset from approximately $42 million as of March 31, 2017 to approximately $28 million.  The effect of this discrete event has no effect on the basic condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine month period ended December 31, 2017.

The changes included in the Tax Act are broad and complex. The final impacts of the Tax Act may differ from the above estimate, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act, or any updates or changes to estimates the company has utilized to calculate the transition impact. The Securities Exchange Commission has issued rules that would allow for a measurement period of up to one year after the enactment date of the Tax Act to finalize the recording of the related tax impacts. We currently anticipate finalizing and recording any resulting adjustments within one year after the enactment date of the Tax Act.

The Company generates product revenues from products, which are sold into the human and animal healthcare markets, and the Company generates service revenues from laboratory testing services, which are provided to medical device manufacturers. Additionally, the Company provides technical services to Invekra.

The following table shows the Company’s product revenues by geographic region:

In connection with the Company’s sale of its Latin America business to Invekra, product related revenues were reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations. The amounts were classified in the prior periods as Latin America sales. The amounts reclassified are as follows:

The Company’s service revenues amounted to $196,000 and $187,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company’s service revenues amounted to $609,000 and $638,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

For the three months ended December 31, 2017, one customer represented 21% of net revenue, one customer represented 16% of net revenue, one customer represented 14% of net revenue and one customer represented 12% of net revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2016, one customer represented 22%, one customer represented 16%, one customer represented 13% and one customer represented 10% of net revenue.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, one customer represented 21% of net revenue, one customer represented 16% of net revenue, one customer represented 13% of net revenue and one customer represented 12% of net revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2016, one customer represented 27% of net revenue. 

At December 31, 2017, one customer represented 36%, one customer represented 17%, and one customer represented 15% of the accounts receivable balance. At March 31, 2017, one customer represented 26%, one customer represented 12%, and one customer represented 10% of the accounts receivable balance.

Stock Issued to Independent Directors and Chief Executive Officers

On January 2, 2018, the Company granted discretionary stock bonuses to all directors of the Company, including its Chief Executive Officer and Director, Jim Schutz, for their services in connection with the turn-around of our Company and in an effort to increase the stock ownership of the Board in the amount of $100,000 or 17,211 shares of common stock at $5.81 per share, each, which shares are immediately vested upon grant. In addition, on January 2, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors awarded an additional stock bonus of $50,000 or 8,606 shares of common stock subject to the same conditions to its long-standing director Jay Birnbaum for his 10 years of services and longevity on our Board. The stock awards include a 40% tax gross up paid in cash or approximately $180,000 to the directors and $40,000 to the Chief Executive Officer.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of December 31, 2017 and our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2017.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “suggest,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “potential,” “expect,” “predict,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “proposal,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K including: our ability to become profitable; the impact of the Invekra transaction on our business and results of operations; the vulnerability of our Petaluma facility to extreme weather events; the impact of seasonality on our sales; the progress and timing of our development programs and regulatory approvals for our products; the benefits and effectiveness of our products; the ability of our products to meet existing or future regulatory standards; the progress and timing of clinical trials and physician studies; our expectations related to the use of our cash reserves; our expectations and capabilities relating to the sales and marketing of our current products and our product candidates; our ability to gain sufficient reimbursement from third-party payors; our ability to compete with other companies that are developing or selling products that are competitive with our products; the establishment of strategic partnerships for the development or sale of products; the risk our research and development efforts do not lead to new products; the timing of commercializing our products; our ability to penetrate markets through our sales force, distribution network, and strategic business partners to gain a foothold in the market and generate attractive margins; the expansion of our sales force and distribution network; the ability to attain specified revenue goals within a specified time frame, if at all, or to reduce costs; the outcome of discussions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and other regulatory agencies; the content and timing of submissions to, and decisions made by, the FDA and other regulatory agencies, including demonstrating to the satisfaction of the FDA the safety and efficacy of our products; our ability to manufacture sufficient amounts of our product candidates for clinical trials and products for commercialization activities; our ability to protect our intellectual property and operate our business without infringing on the intellectual property of others; our ability to continue to expand our intellectual property portfolio; our expectations about the outcome of litigation and controversies with third parties; the risk we may need to indemnify our distributors or other third parties; risks attendant with conducting a significant portion of our business outside the United States; our ability to comply with complex federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including state and federal anti-kickback laws; risks associated with changes to health care laws; our ability to attract and retain qualified directors, officers and employees; our expectations relating to the concentration of our revenue from international sales; our ability to expand to and commercialize products in markets outside the wound care market; and the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and any future changes in accounting regulations or practices in general with respect to public companies. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

Our Business

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to identifying, developing and commercializing unique, differentiated therapies to millions of patients living with chronic skin conditions. We believe our products, which are sold throughout the United States and internationally, have improved patient outcomes for more than five million patients globally by treating and reducing certain topical skin diseases including acne, atopic dermatitis, scarring, infections, itch, pain and harmful inflammatory responses.

We are focused on the development and commercialization of therapeutic solutions in medical dermatology to treat skin conditions, such as acne, atopic dermatitis and scarring. These diseases impact millions of patients worldwide and can have significant, multi-dimensional effects on patients’ quality of life, including their physical, functional and emotional well-being.

Some of our key products in the United States are:

Our key product outside the United States is:

As of December 31, 2017, we have obtained 20 clearances from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, that permit us to sell our products as medical devices for Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in the United States.

Outside the United States, we sell products for dermatological and advanced tissue care with a European Conformity marking (known as Conformité Européenne or CE) covering 25 of our products, and various approvals in China, Southeast Asia, South Korea, India, Australia, New Zealand, and the Middle East.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to in-license, acquire, develop and commercialize unique, affordable and differentiated therapies that we believe advance the standard of care for patients with dermatological diseases. The key components of our strategy are to:

Our plan is to evolve into a leading dermatology company, providing innovative and cost-effective solutions to patients, while generating strong, consistent revenue growth and maximizing long-term shareholder value.

Additional Information

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information using our company website (www.sonomapharma.com), our investor relations website (ir.sonomapharma.com), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. The information on, or accessible through, our websites is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Revenues

Total revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $4,843,000 increased by $1,482,000, or 44%, as compared to $3,361,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Product revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $4,647,000 increased by $1,473,000, or 46%, as compared to $3,174,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase was a result of strong growth in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.

Product revenues in the United States for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $2,883,000 increased by $1,212,000, or 73%, as compared to $1,671,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This increase was mostly the result of higher sales of our dermatology, acute care and animal health care products.

Product revenue in Europe and the Rest of the World for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $992,000 decreased by $46,000, or 4%, as compared to $1,038,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. This decrease was the result of lower sales in the Middle East, mostly offset by increases in Europe, China, Singapore, and India.

As a result of the asset purchase agreement and arrangement we entered into on October 27, 2016 with Invekra, we expect our revenues in Latin America will decrease significantly. We will continue to supply Invekra with product at a reduced price until they set up their manufacturing facility. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, we reported $772,000 of Latin America product revenue related to Invekra.  

The following table shows our product revenues by geographic region: 

In connection with our sale of our Latin American business to Invekra, product revenues and cost of revenues reported in the prior period were reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations as follows:

Service revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $196,000 increased by $9,000, or 5%, when compared to $187,000 in the prior period. The increase in service revenues was related to an increase in our lab services business.

Gross Profit

For the three months ended December 31, 2017, we reported total revenues of $4,843,000 and total cost of revenues of $2,475,000, resulting in total gross profit of $2,368,000 or 49% of total revenues, compared to a gross profit of $1,706,000 or 51% of total revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit, as a percentage of revenue, was primarily due to the lower profitability in Latin America related to the higher sales to Invekra at a very low profit, partly offset by higher margins in the United States caused by the strong growth of the more profitable dermatology product lines. As dermatology product revenues increase as an overall percentage of our product revenues, we expect our margins will improve due to higher gross margins associated with our dermatology products.

For the three months ended December 31, 2017, we reported product revenues of $4,647,000 and cost of product revenues of $2,308,000, resulting in product gross profit of $2,339,000, or 50% of product revenues, compared to product gross profit of $1,698,000, or 53% of product revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit, as a percent of revenue, percentage was primarily due to the lower profitability in Latin America related to the higher sales to Invekra at a very low profit, partly offset by higher margins in the United States caused by the strong growth of the more profitable dermatology product lines.

For the three months ended December 31, 2017, we reported service revenues of $196,000 and cost of service revenues of $167,000, resulting in service gross profit of $29,000, or 15% of service revenues, compared to service gross profit of $8,000, or 4% of service revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The increase in service gross profit was primarily related to higher service revenue in the current period and the mix of tests and services performed.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $349,000 decreased by $138,000, or 28%, as compared to $487,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease is largely due to a decrease in spending on product development and clinical studies.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $5,219,000 increased by $435,000, or 9%, when compared to $4,784,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase for the three months ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to higher sales and marketing expenses related to our growing dermatology sales force.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $11,000, increased by $11,000, when compared to the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in interest expense relates primarily to capital leases.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $14,000 increased by $8,000 when compared to $6,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase is due to interest income earned on increased cash and cash equivalent balances.

Other Income

Other income for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $10,000 decreased by $272,000 when compared to $282,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in other income relates primarily to fluctuation in foreign exchange in the prior period.

Loss Income from Continuing Operations

Loss from continuing operations for the three months ended December 31, 2017 of $3,187,000 increased $3,950,000, when compared to income from continuing operations of $763,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in net loss from continuing operations is primarily due to $4,040,000 of income tax benefit recorded in the prior period as a result of the transaction with Invekra.

Income from Discontinued Operations, net of Tax

The following summarizes operations of our Latin American business included in discontinued operations:

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Total revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $13,003,000 increased by $4,207,000, or 48%, as compared to $8,796,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. Product revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $12,394,000 increased by $4,236,000, or 52%, as compared to $8,158,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. This increase was the result of strong growth in the United States, Europe, and the Rest of the World.

Product revenues in the United States for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $7,010,000 increased by $2,269,000, or 48%, as compared to $4,741,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. This increase was mostly the result of higher sales of our dermatology and acute care products, partly offset by a decline in sales of $149,000 related to our animal health care products.

Product revenue in Europe and the Rest of the World for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $3,289,000 increased by $337,000, or 11%, as compared to $2,952,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. This increase was mostly the result of increases in Europe, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand and India partly offset by a decrease in the Middle East and China.

As a result of the asset purchase agreement and arrangement we entered into on October 27, 2016 with Invekra, we expect our revenues in Latin America will decrease significantly. We will continue to supply Invekra with product at a reduced price until they set up their manufacturing facility. During the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we reported $2,095,000 of Latin America product revenue related to Invekra.

The following table shows our product revenues by geographic region:

In connection with our sale of our Latin American business to Invekra, product revenues and cost of revenues reported in the prior period were reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations as follows:

Service revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $609,000 decreased by $29,000, or 5%, when compared to $638,000 in the prior period. The decrease in service revenues was related to a decrease in our lab services business.

Gross Profit

For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we reported total revenues of $13,003,000 and total cost of revenues of $7,025,000, resulting in total gross profit of $5,978,000 or 46% of total revenues, compared to a gross profit of $3,721,000 or 42% of total revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to the reclassification, in the prior period, of Latin America product and license revenue and related variable cost of goods sold from continuing operations to discontinued operations and the higher margins in the United States. Additionally, as dermatology product revenues increase as an overall percentage of our product revenues, we expect our margins will improve due to higher gross margins associated with our dermatology products.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we reported product revenues of $12,394,000 and cost of product revenues of $6,529,000, resulting in product gross profit of $5,865,000, or 47% of product revenues, compared to product gross profit of $3,651,000, or 45% of product revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to the reclassification, in the prior period, of Latin America product and related variable cost of goods sold from continuing operations to discontinued operations and higher margins in the United States.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2017, we reported service revenues of $609,000 and cost of service revenues of $496,000, resulting in service gross profit of $113,000, or 19% of service revenues, compared to service gross profit of $70,000, or 11% of service revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The increase in service gross profit was primarily related to the mix of tests and services performed. 

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $1,099,000 decreased by $127,000, or 10%, as compared to $1,226,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease is largely due to a decrease in spending on product development and clinical studies.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $14,319,000 increased by $1,762,000, or 14%, when compared to $12,557,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The increase for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to higher sales expenses related to our growing dermatology sales force.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $31,000 increased by $29,000 when compared to $2,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in interest expense relates primarily to capital leases.

Interest Income

Interest income for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $85,000 increased by $77,000 when compared to $8,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The increase is due to interest income earned on increased cash and cash equivalent balances.

Other Income Expense, net

Other expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $179,000 increased by $455,000 when compared to other income of $276,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in other expense relates primarily to fluctuation in foreign exchange.

Loss from Continuing Operations

Loss from continuing operations for the nine months ended December 31, 2017 of $9,565,000 decreased $3,825,000, when compared to income from continuing operations of $5,740,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in net loss from continuing operations is primarily due to $4,040,000 of income tax benefit recorded in the prior period as a result of the transaction with Invekra.

Income from Discontinued Operations, net of Tax

The following summarizes operations of our Latin American business included in discontinued operations:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We reported a net loss of $9,565,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, our accumulated deficit amounted to $152,677,000 and $143,101,000, respectively. We had working capital of $12,279,000 and $19,355,000 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively.

We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, to penetrate markets for the sale of our products and continue as a going concern. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital.

Management believes that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means; however, we cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the economic climate in the U.S. deteriorates, our ability to raise additional capital could be negatively impacted. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in our efforts to commercialize our products, which is critical to the realization of our business plan and our future operations. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Sources of Liquidity

As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $8,625,000. Since our inception, substantially all of our operations have been financed through sales of equity securities. Other sources of financing that we have used to date include our revenues, as well as various loans and the sale of certain Latin American assets to Invekra.

Since January 1, 2016, substantially all of our operations have been financed through the following transactions:

Pursuant to an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley FBR, Inc. dated December 8, 2017, we may issue and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $5,000,000 from time to time through B. Riley FBR acting as our sales agent. During the three months ended December 31, 2017, we sold 228,000 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $1,034,000 and net proceeds of $968,000 after deducting commissions and other offering expenses. We pay B. Riley FBR a commission rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock sold through B. Riley FBR as agent.

Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $8,625,000, compared to $17,461,000 as of March 31, 2017.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2017 was $9,391,000, primarily due to our net loss of $9,565,000 offset by stock related compensation of $1,592,000 in the period. Additionally, we had increases in prepaid expenses of $951,000 mostly related to taxes in Mexico.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2016 was $5,472,000, primarily due to our net income in the period of $11,710,000 which was offset by adjustments to net income related to our gain on sale of our Latin American assets to, net of tax, of $14,906,000 and the income tax benefit realized of $4,040,000.

Net cash used in investing activities was $193,000 for nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily related to the purchase of equipment.

Net provided by investing activities was $17,232,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016, consisting of primarily proceeds from the sale of our Latin American Assets, net of costs, of $17,444,000, offset by $195,000 related to equipment purchases and $17,000 related to changes in long-term assets.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $802,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017, primarily related to net proceeds from the sale of common stock of $968,000, proceeds of $52,000 from the exercise of common stock purchase warrants and options, offset by principal payments on debt and capital leases of $218,000.

Net cash used in financing activities was $119,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2016, primarily related to principal payments on debt.

Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements

We reported a net loss of $9,565,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2017. At December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, our accumulated deficit amounted to $152,677,000 and $143,101,000, respectively. We had working capital of $12,279,000 and $19,355,000 as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017, respectively.

We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and may need to raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, to penetrate markets for the sale of our products and continue as a going concern. We cannot provide any assurances that we will be able to raise additional capital.

Management believes that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means; however, we cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the economic climate in the U.S. deteriorates, our ability to raise additional capital could be negatively impacted. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in our efforts to commercialize our products, which is critical to the realization of our business plan and our future operations. These matters raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include reserves and write-downs related to receivables and inventories, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets, valuation of equity and derivative instruments, debt discounts, valuation of investments and the estimated amortization periods of upfront product licensing fees received from customers.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

As a smaller reporting company, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet reasonable assurance standards. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management was necessarily required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

On occasion, we may be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business including matters involving proprietary technology. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which we are or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of comprehensive loss.

There have been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC on June 28, 2017.

The newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act may affect our financial results, including our net deferred tax asset, and we are in the process of evaluating its effects.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was signed into law. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will significantly change the taxation of U.S.-based multinational corporations, by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, affecting the deductibility of capital expenditures, assessing a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, and the creation of new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. The legislation is unclear in some respects and will require interpretations and implementing regulations by the Internal Revenue Service, as well as state tax authorities, and the legislation could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. We are in the process of determining what, if any, effect those provisions will have on our financial results, and there can be no assurance of whether such additional effects will be positive or negative.

A significant portion of our earnings are earned by our subsidiaries outside the U.S. Changes to the taxation of certain foreign earnings resulting from the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, along with the state tax impact of these changes and potential future cash distributions, may have an adverse effect on our effective tax rate. Furthermore, changes to the taxation of undistributed foreign earnings could change our future intentions regarding reinvestment of such earnings. The foregoing items could have a material effect on our business, cash flow, results of operations or financial conditions.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act also reduces the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, which we expect will positively impact our future effective tax rate and after-tax earnings in the United States. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate, we are required to revalue our net deferred tax asset to account for the future impact of lower corporate tax rates on this deferred amount and record any change in the value of such asset as a one-time non-cash charge on our income statement.

On December 1, 2017, we issued 5,479 unregistered shares of common stock to a service provider valued at $5.02 per share.

We relied on the Section 4(a)(2) exemption from securities registration under the federal securities laws for transactions not involving any public offering. No advertising or general solicitation was employed in offering the securities. The securities were issued to an accredited investor. The securities were offered for investment purposes only and not for the purpose of resale or distribution. The transfer thereof was appropriately restricted by us.

We did not default upon any senior securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2017.

Not applicable.

On January 2, 2018, we granted discretionary stock bonuses to all directors of the Company, including our Chief Executive Officer and Director, Jim Schutz, for their services in connection with the turn-around of our Company and in an effort to increase the stock ownership of the Board in the amount of $100,000 or 17,211 shares of common stock at $5.81 per share, each, which shares are immediately vested upon grant. In addition, on January 2, 2018, our Board of Directors awarded an additional stock bonus of $50,000 or 8,606 shares of common stock subject to the same conditions to our long-standing director Jay Birnbaum for his 10 years of services and longevity on our Board. The stock awards include a 40% tax gross up paid in cash or approximately $160,000 to the directors and $40,000 to the Chief Executive Officer.

Copies of above exhibits not contained herein are available to any stockholder, upon payment of a reasonable per page fee, upon written request to: Chief Financial Officer, Sonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1129 N. McDowell Blvd., Petaluma, California 94954.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.