Sonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 December (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

or

Commission File Number 001-33216

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

1129 North McDowell Blvd.

Petaluma, CA 94954

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(707) 283-0550

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of February 12, 2020, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, was 1,777,483.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Index

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying footnotes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SONOMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Organization

Sonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of California in April 1999 and was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in December 2006. The Company’s principal office is located in Petaluma, California. The Company is a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to identifying, developing and commercializing unique, differentiated therapies to patients living with chronic skin conditions. The Company believes its products, which are sold throughout the United States and internationally, have improved patient outcomes by treating and reducing certain skin diseases including acne, atopic dermatitis, scarring, infections, itch, pain and harmful inflammatory responses.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and for the three and nine months then ended have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and on the same basis as the Company prepares its annual audited consolidated financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the cash flows for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented. The results for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending March 31, 2020 or for any future interim period. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2019 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2019, and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019.

The Company reported a net loss of $1,572,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, the Company’s accumulated deficit amounted to $170,869,000 and $169,238,000, respectively. The Company had working capital of $9,700,000 and $8,905,000 as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

On November 26, 2019, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement with Dawson James Securities, Inc., with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of up to 448,949 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in a public offering. The offering closed on November 29, 2019 and the final number of shares sold in the offering was 446,577. The public offering price for each share was $3.50. The gross proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock were $1,563,000, and the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock were $1,376,000, after deducting placement agent commissions and other offering expenses.

The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and will need to raise additional capital to pursue its product development initiatives, to penetrate markets for the sale of its products and continue as a going concern. The Company cannot provide any assurances that it will be able to raise additional capital.

Management believes that the Company has access to additional capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations or other means; however, the Company cannot provide any assurance that other new financings will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if needed. If the economic climate in the U.S. deteriorates, the Company’s ability to raise additional capital could be negatively impacted. If the Company is unable to secure additional capital, it may be required take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve its cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet its obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in the Company’s continued efforts to commercialize its products, which are critical to the realization of its business plan and the future operations of the Company. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include reserves and write-downs related to receivables and inventories, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation allowance relating to the Company’s deferred tax assets, valuation of equity and derivative instruments, debt discounts, valuation of investments, determination of the relative selling prices of the components sold to Invekra, and the estimated amortization periods of upfront product licensing fees received from customers. Periodically, the Company evaluates and adjusts estimates accordingly.

Net Loss per Share

The Company computes basic net loss per share by dividing net loss per share available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period and excludes the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted earnings per share, if presented, would include the dilution that would occur upon the exercise or conversion of all potentially dilutive securities into common stock using the “treasury stock” and/or “if converted” methods as applicable.

The computation of basic loss per share for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 excludes the potentially dilutive securities summarized in the table below because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

 ______________

Revenue Recognition

On April 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers Topic 606” (“Topic 606”) using the modified retrospective method. There was no impact to the Company upon the adoption of Topic 606. Revenue is recognized when the entity transfers promised goods or services to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as the Company fulfills its obligations under the agreement, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that it will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

The Company derives the majority of its revenue through sales of its products to a customer base including hospitals, medical centers, doctors, pharmacies, distributors and wholesalers. The Company sells products directly to end users and to distributors. The Company also has entered into agreements to license its technology and products. The Company also provides regulatory compliance testing and quality assurance services to medical device and pharmaceutical companies.

The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be contracts with a customer. For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products, each of which are distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which it expects to be entitled.

For all of its sales to non-consignment distribution channels, revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e. when our performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs when title passes to the customer upon shipment but could occur when the customer receives the product based on the terms of the agreement with the customer.  For product sales to its value-added resellers, non-stocking distributors and end-user customers, the Company grants return privileges to its customers. The Company has a long history with its customers and is able to estimate the amount of product that will be returned.  Sales incentives and other programs that the Company may make available to these customers are considered to be a form of variable consideration and the Company maintains estimated accruals and allowances using the expected value method.

The Company has entered into consignment arrangements in which goods are left in the possession of another party to sell. As products are sold from the customer to third parties, the Company recognizes revenue based on a variable percentage of a fixed price.  Revenue recognized varies based on if a patient is covered by insurance or is not covered by insurance. In addition, the Company may incur a revenue deduction related to the use of the Company’s rebate program.

Sales to stocking distributors are made under terms with fixed pricing and limited rights of return (known as “stock rotation”) of the Company’s products held in their inventory. Revenue from sales to distributors is recognized upon the transfer of control to the distributor.

The Company assessed the promised goods and services in the technical support to Invekra for a ten-year period as being a distinct service that Invekra can benefit from on its own and is separately identifiable from any other promises within the contract. Given that the distinct service is not substantially the same as other goods and services within the Invekra contract, the Company accounted for the distinct service as a performance obligation.

Revenue from testing contracts is recognized as tests are completed and a final report is sent to the customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s disaggregated revenues by revenue source:

Accounts Receivable

Trade accounts receivable are recorded net of allowances for cash discounts for prompt payment, doubtful accounts, and sales returns. Estimates for cash discounts and sales returns are based on analysis of contractual terms and historical trends.

The Company’s policy is to reserve for uncollectible accounts based on its best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company periodically reviews its accounts receivable to determine whether an allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary based on an analysis of past due accounts and other factors that may indicate that the realization of an account may be in doubt. Other factors that the Company considers include its existing contractual obligations, historical payment patterns of its customers and individual customer circumstances, an analysis of days sales outstanding by customer and geographic region, and a review of the local economic environment and its potential impact on government funding and reimbursement practices. Account balances deemed to be uncollectible are charged to the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents probable credit losses of $22,000 and $24,000 at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019 the Company has allowances of $671,000 and $443,000, respectively, related to potential discounts, returns, distributor fees and rebates. The allowances are included in Accounts Receivable, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, cost being determined on a standard cost basis (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis), or net realizable value.

Due to changing market conditions, estimated future requirements, age of the inventories on hand and production of new products, the Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records a provision to write down excess and obsolete inventory to its estimated net realizable value. The Company recorded a provision to reduce the carrying amounts of inventories to their net realizable value in the amount of $100,000 and $184,000 at December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively, which is included in cost of product revenues on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events or transactions occurring through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. (Note 12)

Adoption of Recent Accounting Standards

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases (Topic 840) and provides principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The FASB has continued to clarify this guidance and most recently issued ASU 2017-13 Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to the Staff Announcement at the July 20, 2017 EITF Meeting and Rescission of Prior SEC Staff Announcements and Observer Comments. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than twelve months regardless of classification. Leases with a term of twelve months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on April 1, 2019. As a result of adopting this guidance, the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 was not restated and is not comparative. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations. (Note 5)

Reporting Comprehensive Income

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for any interim period for which financial statements have not been issued. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements due the presence of a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.

Stock Compensation

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payments to nonemployees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. Under the new standard, equity-classified share-based payment awards issued to nonemployees will be measured on the grant date, instead of the current requirement to remeasure the awards through the performance completion date. The Company adopted ASU 2018-07 effective April 1, 2019, and this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB, the SEC or other standard setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

On May 20, 2019, the Company closed on an Asset Purchase Agreement for the sale of certain animal health product rights and assets for the Asian and European markets to Petagon, Limited, (“Petagon”) an international importer and distributor of quality pet food and products. The purchase price for the assets was $2,700,000. The Company agreed that it will continue to supply products to Petagon for five years at certain agreed upon transfer prices. The sale involves certain Asian patents and trademarks, and the exclusive right to distribute animal health care products in Asia and Europe.

The Company determined that there were two separate performance obligations under the Asset Purchase Agreement. These performance obligations were the delivery of production equipment to Petagon as a security and the transfer of the intellectual property and territory rights.

The Company estimated the value of the production equipment by determining the cost and applying a mark up to the selling price at a market participant margin. The Company then applied the residual approach to derive the fair value of the intellectual property and territory rights.

The Company will provide product under a reduced price from its prior list price. The Company will incur costs of approximately $163,000 to fulfill its obligations to deliver certain production equipment to Petagon.

The proceeds from the sale were allocated to the components of the sale utilizing the residual approach as follows:

The proceeds related to the production equipment were included in deferred revenue and will be recognized upon delivery of the equipment. The proceeds related to the intellectual property and territory rights were included in gain on sale on the closing date.

For a certain period after closing, Petagon shall have first refusal rights to acquire other certain marketing territories.

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

Leases

Sonoma has entered into operating and finance leases as the lessee for office space, manufacturing facilities, R&D laboratories, warehouses, vehicles and equipment. On April 1, 2019 (“Effective Date”), the Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), which increases transparency and comparability by recognizing a lessee’s rights and obligations resulting from leases by recording them on the balance sheet as lease assets and lease liabilities. The new guidance requires the recognition of the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related operating and finance lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The Company adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded on April 1, 2019. As a result, the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 was not restated and is not comparative.

The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of ROU assets of $1,442,000, lease liabilities for operating leases of $1,502,000 on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 1, 2019, and a cumulative-effect adjustment of $59,000 to the Company’s accumulated deficit, with no material impact to its condensed consolidated statements of operations. The difference between the ROU assets and the operating lease liability represents the effect of previously unrecognized deferred rent balances. The Company's accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged from its accounting for capital leases in prior periods. Finance leases are not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss, condensed consolidated balance sheets, or condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted within the standard, which allow an entity to forgo reassessing (i) whether a contract contains a lease, (ii) classification of leases, and (iii) whether capitalized costs associated with a lease meet the definition of initial direct costs. Also, the Company elected the expedient allowing an entity to use hindsight to determine the lease term and impairment of ROU assets and the expedient to allow the Company to not have to separate lease and non-lease components. The Company has also elected the short-term lease accounting policy under which Sonoma would not recognize a lease liability or ROU asset for any lease that at the commencement date has a lease term of twelve months or less and does not include a purchase option that Sonoma is more than reasonably certain to exercise.

For contracts entered into on or after the Effective Date, at the inception of a contract the Company will assess whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. The Company's assessment is based on: (i) whether the contract involves the use of a distinct identified asset, (ii) whether the Company obtained the right to substantially all the economic benefit from the use of the asset throughout the period, and (iii) whether the Company has the right to direct the use of the asset. Leases entered into prior to April 1, 2019, which were accounted for under ASC 840, were not reassessed for classification. 

For operating leases, the lease liability is initially and subsequently measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments. For finance leases, the lease liability is initially measured in the same manner and date as for operating leases, and is subsequently presented at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for leases, unless an interest rate is implicitly stated in the lease. The present value of the lease payments is calculated using the incremental borrowing rate for operating and finance leases, which was determined using a portfolio approach based on the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The lease term for all of the Company’s leases includes the noncancelable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. All ROU assets are reviewed for impairment.

Lease expense for operating leases consists of the lease payments plus any initial direct costs and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense for finance leases consists of the amortization of the asset on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or its useful life and interest expense determined on an amortized cost basis, with the lease payments allocated between a reduction of the lease liability and interest expense.

The Company's operating leases are comprised primarily of facility leases. Finance leases are comprised primarily of vehicle leases. Balance sheet information related to our leases is presented below:

Other information related to leases is presented below:

As of December 31, 2019, the annual minimum lease payments of our operating lease liabilities were as follows:

Legal Matters

The Company may be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business including matters involving proprietary technology. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which the Company is or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on its business and financial condition of comprehensive loss.

Employment Agreements

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had employment agreements in place with four of its key executives. Three of the executive employment agreements provide, among other things, for the payment of up to twelve months of severance compensation for terminations under certain circumstances. With respect to these agreements, at December 31, 2019, aggregated annual salaries would be $984,000 and potential severance payments to these key executives would be $684,000 if triggered.

Effective on December 26, 2019, the Company entered into a new employment agreement with its Chief Executive Officer, Amy Trombly, after her prior agreement expired on December 25, 2019 pursuant to its terms. The employment agreement is effective as of December 26, 2019, and has a term until December 31, 2020, subject to mutual extension by three-month increments.

The Company agreed to continue to pay Ms. Trombly a base salary of $25,000 per month, and to provide standard medical, dental and vacation benefits. Ms. Trombly will be eligible for a bonus of up to $150,000 per year upon the completion of certain agreed-upon goals based on the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee. As was the case with her old agreement, certain legal services not provided by Ms. Trombly will continue to be billed by Trombly Business Law, PC. The Board also agreed that during her time as Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Trombly may continue to represent other clients in her role as attorney. The employment agreement may be terminated by the Company or Ms. Trombly upon sixty days’ written notice at any time and for any reason.

Upon termination of the agreement Ms. Trombly agreed to resign from any and all directorships and every other position held by the executive with the Company or any of its subsidiaries, and to return to the Company of all property she received from or on account of the Company.

Related Party Transactions

Effective September 25, 2019, Ms. Trombly was appointed the Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Ms. Trombly is the owner of Trombly Business Law, PC which has been retained by the Company to advise on certain corporate and securities law matters. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2019, the Company received $84,000 and $220,000 in legal services from Trombly Business Law, PC, respectively. During the three and nine months ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $101,000 and $360,000 in legal services from Trombly Business Law, PC, respectively.

Authorized Capital

The Company is authorized to issue up to 24,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share and 714,286 shares of convertible preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.

Share-based awards compensation expense is as follows:

At December 31, 2019, there were unrecognized compensation costs of $1,126,000 related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of 0.93 years.

At December 31, 2019, there were unrecognized compensation costs of $20,000 related to restricted stock which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average amortization period of 1.72 years.

Stock options award activity is as follows:

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock, or $4.36 per share at December 31, 2019.

Restricted stock award activity is as follows:

The Company did not capitalize any cost associated with stock-based compensation.

The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock options or release of restricted stock awards.

The Company issues new shares of common stock upon exercise of stock-based awards.

No income tax benefit has been recognized relating to stock-based compensation expense and no tax benefits have been realized from exercised stock options.

The Company has completed a study to assess whether a change in control has occurred or whether there have been multiple changes of control since the Company’s formation through March 31, 2019. The Company determined, based on the results of the study, no change in control occurred for purposes of Internal Revenue Code Section 382. The Company, after considering all available evidence, fully reserved for these and its other deferred tax assets since it is more likely than not such benefits will not be realized in future periods. The Company has incurred losses for both financial reporting and income tax purposes for the year ended March 31, 2019. Accordingly, the Company is continuing to fully reserve for its deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to evaluate its deferred tax assets to determine whether any changes in circumstances could affect the realization of their future benefit. If it is determined in future periods that portions of the Company’s deferred income tax assets satisfy the realization standards, the valuation allowance will be reduced accordingly.

The Company only recognizes tax benefits from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. To date, the Company has not recognized such tax benefits in its consolidated financial statements.

The Company may also be affected by certain other aspects of the Tax Act, including, without limitation, provisions regarding repatriation of accumulated foreign earnings and deductibility of capital expenditures. However, these assessments are based on preliminary review and analysis of the Tax Act and are subject to change as the Company continues to evaluate these highly complex rules as additional interpretive guidance is issued. The Company is also in the process of determining the impacts of the new Global Intangibles Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) tax law and has not yet included any potential GILTI tax or elected any related accounting policy.

The Company does not have any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits will increase or decrease within twelve months of March 31, 2019. The unrecognized tax benefits may increase or change during the next year for items that arise in the ordinary course of business.

The Company generates product revenues from products which are sold into the human and animal healthcare markets, and the Company generates service revenues from laboratory testing services which are provided to medical device manufacturers. Additionally, the Company provides technical services to Invekra.

The following table presents the Company’s disaggregated product revenues by geographic region:

The Company’s service revenues amounted to $297,000 and $235,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The Company’s service revenues amounted to $879,000 and $813,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, one customer represented 21% of net revenue and one customer represented 15% of net revenue. For the three months ended December 31, 2018, one customer represented 14% of net revenue.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, one customer represented 18% of net revenue and one customer represented 12% of net revenue. For the nine months ended December 31, 2018, one customer represented 17% of net revenue and one customer represented 10% of net revenue.

At December 31, 2019, one customer represented 10%, of the net accounts receivable balance. At March 31, 2019, no customer represented more than 10% of the net accounts receivable balance.

Expiration of Warrants

On January 26, 2020, warrants to acquire 126,600 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $58.50 per share expired. The warrants were registered and trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SNOAW.”

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of December 31, 2019 and our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2019.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “suggest,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “potential,” “expect,” “predict,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “proposal,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K including: our ability to become profitable; the impact of changes to reimbursement levels from third-party payors or increased pricing pressure due to rebates; the impact of the Invekra transaction on our business and results of operations; the vulnerability of our Petaluma facility to extreme weather events; our ability to manage our accounts receivable; the impact of seasonality on our sales; the progress and timing of our development programs and regulatory approvals for our products; the benefits and effectiveness of our products; the ability of our products to meet existing or future regulatory standards; the progress and timing of clinical trials and physician studies; our expectations and capabilities relating to the sales and marketing of our current products and our product candidates; our ability to gain sufficient reimbursement from third-party payors; our ability to compete with other companies that are developing or selling products that are competitive with our products; the establishment of strategic partnerships for the development or sale of products; the risk our research and development efforts do not lead to new products; the timing of commercializing our products; our ability to penetrate markets through our sales force, distribution network, and strategic business partners to gain a foothold in the market and generate attractive margins; the ability to attain specified revenue goals within a specified time frame, if at all, or to reduce costs; the outcome of discussions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and other regulatory agencies; the content and timing of submissions to, and decisions made by, the FDA and other regulatory agencies, including demonstrating to the satisfaction of the FDA the safety and efficacy of our products; our ability to manufacture sufficient amounts of our products for commercialization activities; our ability to protect our intellectual property and operate our business without infringing on the intellectual property of others; our ability to continue to expand our intellectual property portfolio; the risk we may need to indemnify our distributors or other third parties; risks attendant with conducting a significant portion of our business outside the United States; our ability to comply with complex federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including state and federal anti-kickback laws; risks associated with changes to health care laws; our ability to attract and retain qualified directors, officers and employees; our expectations relating to the concentration of our revenue from international sales; our ability to expand to and commercialize products in markets outside the wound care market; our ability to protect our information technology and infrastructure; and the impact of any future changes in accounting regulations or practices in general with respect to public companies. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

Our Business

We are a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to identifying, developing and commercializing unique, differentiated therapies to millions of patients living with chronic skin conditions. We offer early-intervention relief with virtually no side-effects or contraindications. We believe our products, which are sold throughout the United States and internationally, have improved patient outcomes for more than nine million patients by treating and reducing certain skin diseases including acne, atopic dermatitis, scarring, infections, itch, pain and harmful inflammatory responses. We also offer a wide range of animal healthcare products and wound care products. Our vision is to be a catalyst for improved care and increased access for all patients.

Some of our key business areas in the United States are:

Our key product outside the United States is:

To date, we have obtained 21 U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, clearances permitting the sale of products as medical devices for Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act in the United States.

Outside the United States, we sell products for dermatological and advanced tissue care with a European Conformity marking, Conformité Européenne, or CE. These CEs cover 25 products in 48 countries with various approvals in Brazil, China, Southeast Asia, South Korea, India, Australia, New Zealand, and the Middle East.

Business Channels

Our core market differentiation is based on being the leading developer and producer of stabilized hypochlorous acid, or HOCl, solutions. HOCl is known to be among the safest and most-effective ways to relieve itch, inflammation and burns while stimulating natural healing through increased oxygenation and eliminating persistent microorganisms and biofilms.

Our core market includes patients who suffer from various skin diseases, including dermatoses, acne, scarring, skin-barrier and scaly skin conditions. Our secondary market includes eye hygiene and acute care markets. These conditions impact patients worldwide who have had to live with less than optimal solutions or ones that come with significant side-effects. Skin conditions can have significant, multi-dimensional effects on quality of life, including on patient’s physical, functional and emotional well-being.

Dermatology

In the United States, we sell into dermatology markets with an in-house sales team that visits or calls dermatologists. Our dermatology products are primarily purchased by distributors, wholesalers, and pharmacies.

Although specific customer requirements can vary depending on applications, customers generally demand quality, innovation, affordability and clinically-supported efficacy. We have responded to these customer demands by introducing new products that treat persistent and common dermatological afflictions, as well as promote healing and improve results for patients opting for cosmetic dermatology procedures. We are strategically focused on introducing innovative new products that are supported by human clinical data with applications that address specific dermatological procedures currently in demand. In addition, we look for markets where we can provide effective product line extensions and pricing to new product families.

We seek to extend and expand our strong ongoing relationships with customers through new products, sales of existing products, ongoing training and support, and distribution of skincare products. We primarily target practitioners through office visits, workshops, trade shows, webinars and trade journals. We also market to potential patients through brochures, workshops and websites. In addition, we offer clinical forums with recognized expert panelists to promote advanced treatment.

Eye Hygiene and Advanced Tissue Care

Our eye hygiene and advanced tissue care products provide patients similar benefits to those in dermatology. We support the eye hygiene and advanced tissue care markets with a dedicated in-house sales force and through an inside call center. We have also entered into strategic partnerships with respected and influential physicians and surgeons to promote our products. Our eye hygiene products include prescription and dispensing solutions prescribed mainly by ophthalmologists and optometrists supported by pharmacies and, in some cases, sold through wholesale networks. Our tissue care products are primarily purchased by hospitals, physicians, nurses, and other healthcare practitioners.

Animal Health Care

Our animal healthcare products provide similar benefits to those in human dermatology. For our animal health products sold in the U.S. and Canada, we partnered with Manna Pro Products, LLC to bring relief to pets and peace of mind to their owners. Manna Pro distributes non-prescription products to national pet-store retail chains, farm animal specialty stores, farm animal veterinarians, grocery stores and mass retailers in the United States and Canada.

On May 20, 2019, we sold certain animal health product rights and assets for the Asian and European markets to Petagon, Limited, an international importer and distributor of quality pet food and products. The purchase price for the assets is $2,700,000. We agreed that we will continue to supply products to Petagon for five years at certain agreed upon transfer prices. The sale involves certain Asian patents and trademarks and the exclusive right to distribute animal health care products in Asia and Europe.

International

We sell products internationally through a worldwide distributor network in 48 countries. In these international markets, we have a network of partners, ranging from country specific distributors to large pharmaceutical companies and to full-service sales and marketing companies.

Additional Information

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information using our company website (www.sonomapharma.com), our investor relations website (ir.sonomapharma.com), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts. The information on, or accessible through, our websites is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations - Overview

Sonoma has evolved as a company over the course of 2019. We entered the year with substantial losses as we invested in our U.S. dermatology line of products. While we saw growth in some of our revenue streams, revenue for some of our lines, such as U.S. dermatology, flattened or decreased. We had a change of management in December 2018 and again in September 2019 with the goal of building a more sustainable company that could achieve sustainable growth and profitability. 2019 was a year of cutting expenses and refining our business model. Sonoma remains a diverse, complex company for its size. We anticipate that 2020 will be a year of focusing the Company’s business strategies on the ones that have shown success and future promise.

We are pleased that our third fiscal quarter results show continued progress towards that goal. Our quarter over quarter comparisons are not as telling because we launched our new product Epicyn in the quarter ended December 31, 2018 which skewed our revenues upwards in that quarter. However, our nine-month results, which are more reflective of our history, show that our net loss decreased by 82% or $7 million. Although our revenues declined 2% in the same time period, we believe that reflects our renewed focus on business strategies that not only provide revenue but also are profitable. We dropped or reduced focus on low margin dermatology products while continuing to build a business focused on successful products in successful markets. In our year over year comparison of the nine month period ended December 31, we decreased our selling, general and administrative expenses by almost $4.5 million, or 31%, as we carefully assessed every spend.

As part of evaluating the entire Company, we have determined to change our approach with our U.S. dermatology line. We believe our U.S. dermatology products are well-received both by doctors and patients however we continue to face challenges with insurers providing coverage for our prescription products. The lack of consistent coverage for our products often means we have to offer our patients rebates to lower the price they pay which puts direct pressure on our margins. Additionally, we market and sell our U.S. dermatology products via a direct sales force which is a significant part of our overhead expenses. As a result, we engaged Maxim Group LLC in January 2020 to assess our options with our U.S dermatology line, including potentially a joint venture or a sale, of this business unit. In the quarter ended December 31, 2019, our U.S. dermatology sales represented less than a quarter of our overall revenue but a much higher percentage of our expenses. We believe changing our approach in the U.S. dermatology market will positively impact the Company’s overall performance.

In 2019, we increased our focus on our international division. Our international revenues are derived from supplying business partners with our products that they market and distribute. Our products are currently sold in 48 countries and we have diverse partners around the world. In the nine months ended December 31, 2019, our international business represented almost half of our overall revenue. We expect this percentage to fluctuate going forward as our arrangement with Invekra, S.A.P.I de C.V. ends in the fall of 2020. Per our agreement with Invekra, we supply product to them at low cost resulting in low margins and we expect that ending that business arrangement will have a positive effect on our overall margins although there may be a drop in our short-term revenues. Additionally, our international business without Invekra grew by 22% in the nine months ended December 31, 2019 when compared to same period last year. We continue to invest in our existing international partner arrangements while seeking new partners to market and distribute our products worldwide.

2019 was also an exciting time for our U.S. animal health line.  In the U.S., we work with Manna Pro Partners, LLC to distribute our animal health care line.  Our revenues in the nine months ended December 31, 2019 for U.S. animal health care were $1,753,000 compared to $1,293,000, a 36% increase over the same period last year. We continue to expand this relationship and have recently collaborated with Manna Pro to launch products designed especially for cats into PetSmart stores. Our products, currently targeted primarily towards dogs, are carried in over 1,000 PetSmart and Tractor Supply stores. In November 2019, our Microcyn® technology was added to Chewy.com under the Manna Pro private label, Theracyn.

We continue to have other, less material, sources of revenue including laboratory testing services and our wound care product line. As we move into 2020, we will be carefully assessing these smaller parts of our business to direct our resources in developing overall growth and profitability.

Sonoma continues to be an evolving company. We are carefully watching our bottom line with a goal of obtaining profitability and we expect there may be fluctuations in our revenues as we seek profitable transactions and partnerships while shedding or revising aspects of our business that do not provide a positive return. While we consider revenue growth to be a goal as we head into 2020, we believe the next six to twelve months will see some fluctuations as we divest of less profitable products and lines and invest in profitable strategies moving forward.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

Total revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $4,678,000 decreased by $602,000, or 11%, as compared to $5,280,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. Product revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $4,381,000 decreased by $664,000, or 13%, as compared to $5,045,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of a decline of $918,000, or 31% in the United States partly due to the launch of Epicyn in the quarter ended December 31, 2018, and weakening in insurance reimbursements for our prescription products in the current quarter. This decrease was partially offset by growth in product revenue of $195,000, or 17%, in Europe and Rest of World, and an increase of product revenue of $59,000, or 6%, in Latin America.

Product revenue in Europe and the Rest of the World for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $1,334,000 increased by, 17% or, $195,000, as compared to $1,139,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. This revenue growth was mostly the result of increased sales in Europe and India, partially offset by decreases in the Middle East, Far East and New Zealand.

The following table shows our product revenues by geographic region:

Service revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $297,000 increased by $62,000, or 26%, when compared to $235,000 in the prior period. The decrease was primarily the result of fewer laboratory tests and services in the United States.

Gross Profit

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we reported total revenues of $4,678,000 and total cost of revenues of $2,520,000, resulting in total gross profit of $2,158,000 or 46% of total revenues, compared to a gross profit of $2,847,000 or 54% of total revenues, for the same period in the prior year.

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we reported product revenues of $4,381,000 and cost of product revenues of $2,394,000, resulting in product gross profit of $1,987,000, or 45% of product revenues, compared to product gross profit of $2,776,000, or 55% of product revenues, for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of product revenues was primarily due to product mix and weakened insurance reimbursement.

For the three months ended December 31, 2019, we reported service revenues of $297,000 and cost of service revenues of $126,000, resulting in service gross profit of $171,000, or 58% of service revenues, compared to service gross profit of $71,000, or 30% of service revenues, for the same period in the prior year.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $248,000 decreased by $203,000, or 45%, as compared to $451,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease is primarily the result of lower salaries and benefits in the current period.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $2,892,000 decreased by $1,854,000, or 39%, when compared to $4,746,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily the result of certain cost savings measures implemented during 2019, including a reduction in headcount. 

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $1,000 decreased by $6,000 when compared to $7,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in interest expense relates primarily to the repayment of capital leases.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $33,000 decreased by $4,000 when compared to $37,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in interest income primarily relates to a discount on deferred revenue from our agreement with Invekra. 

Other Income (Expense)

Other expense for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $134,000 decreased by $156,000, or 709% when compared to other income of $22,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in other expense relates primarily to fluctuations in foreign exchange and state franchise taxes.

Net Loss

Net Loss for the three months ended December 31, 2019 of $1,084,000 decreased by $1,214,000, or 53%, when compared to net loss of $2,298,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in net loss is due to a decrease in operating expenses of $2,057,000, or 40%, as a result of certain cost savings measures implemented during fiscal year 2019 including a reduction in headcount.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

Total revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $14,357,000 decreased by $231,000, or 2%, as compared to $14,588,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. Product revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $13,478,000 decreased by $297,000, or 2%, as compared to $13,775,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. This decrease in revenue was primarily the result of a decline of $621,000, or 8% in the United States partly due to the launch of Epicyn in the nine months ended December 31, 2019, weakening in insurance reimbursements for our prescription products and a decrease in spending on sales and marketing efforts in the nine months ended December 31, 2019. This decrease was partially offset by growth in product revenue of $752,000, or 22%, in Europe and Rest of World. The increase in product revenue in Europe and Rest of World was mostly the result of increased sales by $545,000 in Europe due to an expansion in the customer base.

Product revenues in Latin America for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $2,577,000 decreased by $428,000, or 14%, from $3,005,000 for the same period last year. The decrease was mostly the result of initial load-in orders by our customer in Brazil in the nine months ended December 31, 2018, offset by a slight increase in Mexico revenue in the current period.

The following table shows our product revenues by geographic region:

Service revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $879,000 increased by 66,000, or 8%, when compared to $813,000 in the prior period. The increase was primarily the result of higher laboratory tests and services in the United States and higher Invekra service fees in Mexico.

Gross Profit

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, we reported total revenues of $14,357,000 and total cost of revenues of $7,538,000, resulting in total gross profit of $6,819,000 or 47% of total revenues, compared to a gross profit of $7,005,000 or 48% of total revenues, for the same period in the prior year.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, we reported product revenues of $13,478,000 and cost of product revenues of $7,147,000, resulting in product gross profit of $6,331,000, or 47% of product revenues, compared to product gross profit of $6,769,000, or 49% of product revenues, for the same period in the prior year.

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, we reported service revenues of $879,000 and cost of service revenues of $391,000, resulting in service gross profit of $488,000, or 56% of service revenues, compared to service gross profit of $236,000, or 29% of service revenues, for the same period in the prior year.

Research and Development Expense

Research and development expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $856,000 decreased by $335,000, or 28%, as compared to $1,191,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease is primarily the result of lower salaries and benefits in the current period.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $9,877,000 decreased by $4,491,000, or 31%, when compared to $14,368,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily the result of certain cost savings measures implemented during fiscal year 2019 including a reduction in headcount.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $13,000 decreased by $13,000 when compared to $26,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in interest expense relates primarily to capital leases.

Interest Income

Interest income for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $117,000 decreased by $22,000 when compared to $139,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in interest income primarily relates to a discount on deferred revenue from our agreement with Invekra. 

Gain on Sale of Petagon Assets

For the nine months ended December 31, 2019, we reported income related to the sale of certain assets to Petagon in the amount of $2,472,000.

Other (Expense) Income

Other expense for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $234,000 increased by $99,000 when compared to other expense of $135,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The increase in other expense relates primarily to fluctuations in foreign exchange and state franchise taxes.

Net Loss

Net loss for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 of $1,572,000 decreased by $7,004,000, or 82%, when compared to net loss of $8,576,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018. The decrease in net loss is due to a decrease in operating loss of $4,640,000 as a result a decrease in operating expenses of $4,826,000 primarily due to certain cost savings measures implemented during fiscal year 2019. Additionally, net loss decreased due to the $2,472,000 of income related to the asset sale to Petagon in the current period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We reported a net loss of $1,572,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, our accumulated deficit amounted to $170,869,000 and $169,238,000, respectively. We had working capital of $9,700,000 and $8,905,000 as of December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively.

On November 26, 2019, we entered into a placement agency agreement with Dawson James Securities, Inc., with respect to the issuance and sale of an aggregate of up to 448,949 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, in a public offering. The offering closed on November 29, 2019 and the final number of shares sold in the offering was 446,577. The public offering price for each share was $3.50. We recorded gross proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock of $1,563,000, and net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock of $1,376,000, after deducting placement agent commissions and other offering expenses.

We expect to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future and will need to raise additional capital to pursue our product development initiatives, to penetrate markets for the sale of our products and continue as a going concern.

Management believes that we have access to capital resources through possible public or private equity offerings, debt financings, corporate collaborations, selling non-core assets or other means; however, we cannot provide any assurance that new financing will be available on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. If the economic climate in the U.S. deteriorates, our ability to raise additional capital could be negatively impacted. If we are unable to secure additional capital, we may be required to curtail our research and development and other business initiatives and take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. These measures could cause significant delays in our continued efforts to commercialize our products, which is critical to the realization of our business plan and our future operations.

Sources of Liquidity

As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,727,000. Since our inception, substantially all of our operations have been financed through sales of equity securities. Other sources of financing that we have used to date include our revenues, as well as various loans and the sale of certain Latin American assets to Invekra and Petagon.

Since January 1, 2018, substantially all of our operations have been financed through the following transactions:

Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $3,727,000, compared to $3,689,000 as of March 31, 2019.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2019 was $1,000,000, primarily due to our net loss of $1,572,000 offset by non-cash stock compensation of $537,000 in the period. Additionally, we had an increase in accounts payable of $884,000 and a decrease in accounts receivable of $1,506,000.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended December 31, 2018 was $8,971,000, primarily due to our net loss of $8,576,000 offset by non-cash stock compensation of $1,334,000 in the period. Additionally, we had an increase in accounts receivable of $1,628,000 and an increase of $514,000 in inventories both related to an increase in sales.

Net cash used in investing activities was $36,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019, primarily related to the purchase of equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities was $123,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, primarily related to the purchase of equipment.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,029,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2019 related to net proceeds of $1,376,000 from a registered direct offering of our common stock, offset by principal payments on debt and capital leases.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $5,572,000 for the nine months ended December 31, 2018, primarily related to net proceeds from the sale of common stock of $957,000 from the Company’s At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc., and net proceeds of $4,742,000 from a public offering placed by Dawson James Securities, Inc., offset by principal payments on debt and capital leases of $397,000.

Material Trends and Uncertainties

Consistent with other pharmaceutical companies in the United States, we experience seasonal fluctuations in the first quarter of each year, or our fourth fiscal quarter. This decrease in sales of pharmaceutical products is due to patients facing the need to satisfy health insurance deductibles which are reset at the beginning of each year and adjusting to changing copays.

Healthcare providers and insurers heavily influence the price patients pay for our products. Generally, insurers cover a lower percentage of our products compared to other medical products making our products seem relatively more expensive than other medical care. As a result, to remain competitive, we offer rebates on our products directly to patients. Most patients use these rebates to make our products more affordable. While we believe these rebates are necessary for many patients to buy our products and without them our revenues would likely decline, the impact of rebates on our bottom line has been significant. For example, in the nine months ended December 31, 2019, dermatology rebates amounted to $2,294,000.

We continue to work with healthcare providers, insurers, third-party payors, pharmacies and others to manage pricing of our products to the consumer and to reduce the impact of rebates on our overall revenue. However, there is no guarantee we will be successful in reducing patient rebate use. Additionally, the legal landscape in healthcare is constantly changing. Adoption of new legislation at the federal or state level could further affect demand for, or pricing of, our products. For example, we face uncertainties due to federal legislative and administrative efforts to repeal, substantially modify or invalidate some or all of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act, or ACA, which could leave more patients without insurance coverage which, in turn, could reduce the price patients are willing to pay for our products if they must bear the entire cost.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions include reserves and write-downs related to receivables and inventories, the recoverability of long-lived assets, the valuation allowance related to our deferred tax assets, valuation of equity and derivative instruments, debt discounts, valuation of investments and the estimated amortization periods of upfront product licensing fees received from customers.

Off-Balance Sheet Transactions

We currently have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

As a smaller reporting company, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet reasonable assurance standards. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management was necessarily required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

On occasion, we may be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of our business, including matters involving proprietary technology. While management believes that such matters are currently insignificant, matters arising in the ordinary course of business for which we are or could become involved in litigation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of comprehensive loss.

There have been no material changes from risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC July 1, 2019, and in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as filed with the SEC on November 14, 2019.

On November 26, 2019, we issued placement agent warrants to purchase up to 22,328 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.375 per share.

We relied on the Section 4(a)(2) exemption from securities registration under the federal securities laws for transactions not involving any public offering. No advertising or general solicitation was employed in offering the securities. The securities were issued to accredited investors. The securities were offered for investment purposes only and not for the purpose of resale or distribution, and the transfers thereof was appropriately restricted by us.

We did not default upon any senior securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2019.

Not applicable.

Expiration of Warrants

On January 26, 2020, warrants to acquire 126,600 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $58.50 per share expired. The warrants were registered and trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SNOAW.”

Copies of above exhibits not contained herein are available to any stockholder, upon payment of a reasonable per page fee, upon written request to: Chief Financial Officer, Sonoma Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1129 N. McDowell Blvd., Petaluma, California 94954.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.