SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM INC - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                    to                   

Commission file number 000-27823

Spanish Broadcasting System, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(305) 441-6901

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No   ☒

As of November 6, 2017, 4,166,991 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, 2,340,353 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and 380,000 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, which are convertible into 760,000 shares of Class A common stock, were outstanding.

SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC.

INDEX

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains both historical and forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

Spanish Broadcasting System, Inc. intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and includes this statement for purposes of such safe harbor provisions.

“Forward-looking” statements, as such term is defined by the Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in its rules, regulations and releases, represent our expectations or beliefs, including, but not limited to, statements concerning our operations, economic performance, financial condition, our recapitalization plan, growth and acquisition strategies, investments and future operational plans. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “forecast,” “seek,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “could,” “estimate,” “might,” “continue,” “seeking” or the negative or other variations thereof or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements.   These statements, by their nature, involve substantial risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond our control, and actual results may differ materially depending on a variety of important factors, including, but not limited to, those identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC. All forward-looking statements made herein are qualified by these cautionary statements and risk factors and there can be no assurance that the actual results, events or developments referenced herein will occur or be realized. These risks and uncertainties include the following factors:

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We do not have any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements—Unaudited

SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  

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SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit

for the Nine-Months Ended September 30, 2017

(In thousands, except share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SPANISH BROADCASTING SYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Spanish Broadcasting System, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company, we, us, our or SBS). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8-03 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements as of, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, which are all of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods. Additionally, we evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date of September 30, 2017 through the financial statements issuance date. The results of operations for the nine-months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year ending December 31, 2017, or for any other future interim or annual periods.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going-concern, and do not include any adjustments that might result if we were unable to do so, and contemplate the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had a working capital deficit due primarily to the classification of our 10¾% Series B Cumulative Exchangeable Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B preferred stock”) as a current liability and the classification of our 12.5% Senior Secured Notes (the “Notes”) as a current liability. Under Delaware law, our state of incorporation, the Series B preferred stock is deemed equity. Because the holders of the Series B preferred stock are not creditors, they do not have rights of, or remedies available to, creditors. Delaware law does not recognize a right of preferred stockholders to force redemptions or repurchases where the corporation does not have funds legally available. Currently, we do not have sufficient funds legally available to be able to redeem or repurchase the Series B preferred stock and its accumulated unpaid dividends. If we are successful in repaying or refinancing our Notes, and are able to generate legally available funds under Delaware law, we may be required to pay all or a portion of the accumulated preferred dividends and redeem all or a portion of the Series B preferred stock, to extent of the funds legally available. In addition, the Company has experienced negative cash flows from operating activities of $11.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 and is currently involved in litigation with the holders of the Series B preferred stock.  See Note 5 elsewhere in these Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail regarding the Series B Preferred Holder Litigation. As further discussed below, both of these recent developments could adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern.  

As discussed in Note 7, the Notes matured on April 15, 2017. Cash from operations or the sale of assets was not sufficient to repay the Notes when they became due. We are working with a team of financial and legal advisors in evaluating all options available to us in executing a comprehensive recapitalization plan. These options, include, but are not limited to, selling certain non-core assets (whose net proceeds would be used to repay a portion of outstanding Notes), new financings (including debt, equity-linked securities and equity offerings), an exchange offer with the holders of our Notes (the “Noteholders”), with or without exit consents to amend the terms of the indenture under which the Notes were issued (the “Indenture”), use of cash on hand and a combination of these options. We have been pursuing the sale of certain non-core assets, including certain of our television stations and real estate assets. As further described in Note 10, on June 9, 2017 we sold our Los Angeles real estate assets and used the net proceeds to pay down a portion of the Notes. We expect to continue to use the net proceeds of other significant asset sales to repay a portion of the Notes and thereby deleverage our balance sheet. In connection with our recapitalization plan, we continue conversations with representatives of the Noteholders and the holders of the Series B preferred stock regarding these matters. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in our recapitalization efforts. We did not repay the Notes at their maturity, as a result of which there was an event of default under the Indenture on April 17, 2017 (April 17, 2017 being the payment date following the Saturday, April 15, 2017 maturity date).  On April 17, 2017, we made the interest payment due on the Notes. The Notes will continue to earn interest at the current rate of 12.5% per year after the maturity date but we are not required to pay any default interest under the Indenture. As further described in Note 7, the Company on May 8, 2017 entered into a forbearance agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”) with an ad hoc group of more than 75% of the Notes (the “Supporting Holders”). Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreement, the Supporting Holders agreed to forbear from exercising any of their rights and remedies under the Indenture under which the Notes were issued, with respect to certain defaults from the effective date of the Forbearance Agreement until the earliest to occur of (a) the occurrence of any Event of Termination (as defined in the Forbearance Agreement) and (b) May 31, 2017 at 12:01 a.m. New York City time. The Forbearance Agreement expired and has not been extended, however the Company has continued to make monthly interest payments on the Notes on the 15^th of each month and has also continued to pay the monthly legal fees and financial advisor due diligence fees of the

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Supporting Holders. Nonetheless, one or more Noteholders may seek to exercise various remedies against us, including foreclosing on our assets that constitute collateral under the Indenture.  

The Company has incurred $1.1 and $5.2 million, respectively for the three and nine-months ended September 30, 2017, of recapitalization costs, primarily due to professional fees related to the current process of evaluating all options available towards executing a comprehensive recapitalization plan. Also included in these amounts are the consent fees paid to the Supporting Holders of the Notes who entered into the Forbearance Agreement with the Company, as well as the legal and financial advisory fees incurred by the Supporting Holders.    

In the event we are unsuccessful in these efforts and one or more Noteholders seek to exercise remedies against us or our assets, we may be required to seek protection under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, among other things, in order to maximize the value of our company for all of our constituents. While we believe that a Chapter 11 filing may create an avenue to successfully execute on our strategy, such a filing may also have several negative consequences to our business, including the costs and negative publicity that surrounds such a filing, reduced advertising revenue due to the uncertainty surrounding the filing, the potential need to sell assets (including the equity of our subsidiaries that own our FCC licenses) under distressed circumstances and the risk that we are unable to execute on a successful plan of reorganization.  

As a result of generating negative cash flows from operations for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, management has evaluated its cash requirements for next twelve-month period after the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and determined that it anticipates generating sufficient cash flows, together with cash on hand, to meet its obligations through the ordinary course operating activities.  

Management is responsible for evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about the organization’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures, in accordance with the going concern accounting standard adopted in 2016. Although the Company expects to maintain cash on hand sufficient to meet its operating obligations, its inability to obtain financing in adequate amounts and on acceptable terms necessary to operate our business, repay our Notes, redeem or refinance our Series B preferred stock, obtain a favorable resolution to the Series B Preferred Holder Litigation, or finance future acquisitions negatively impacts our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include adjustments, if any, that might arise from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), to provide clarity and reduce cost, complexity, and diversity in practice when applying stock compensation guidance to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The update is effective prospectively for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its consolidated financial statements and expects to finalize its review in the fourth quarter 2017.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, Other Income—Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20), to clarify the scope of guidance on the derecognition of nonfinancial assets and to provide guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets. The update is effective retrospectively or on a modified retrospective basis for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early application permitted in certain circumstances. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its consolidated financial statements and expects to finalize its review in the fourth quarter 2017.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. ASU 2017-04 is required to be applied prospectively and will be effective for annual or interim impairment test in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We have evaluated the impact and determined that applying this new standard will not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and disclosures.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, – Income Taxes (Topic 740). This new standard improves the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The update is effective retrospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and in interim periods in that reporting period, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its consolidated financial statements and expects to finalize its review in the fourth quarter 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statements of Cash Flows (Topic 230).  This new standard’s objective is to clarify how companies present and classify certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statements of Cash Flows (Topic 230) which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the

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change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents.  This update is effective on a retrospective basis for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted.  The Company is currently evaluating the effect the update will have on its consolidated financial statements, if any, and expects to finalize its review in the fourth quarter 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).  This new standard requires organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the lease assets and lease liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases and disclose key information about the leasing agreements.  Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement.  The new guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period and must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements.  We are currently evaluating the impact that this new standard will have on our financial position and related disclosures and expect the impact on our assets and liabilities will be material due to the addition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; however the impact cannot currently be quantified.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Accounting for Financial Instruments – Recognition and Measurement. The new guidance changes how entities measure equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities. The new guidance requires entities to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicality exception.  A practicality exception will apply to those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value and as such these investments may be measured at cost.  The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any; however, we do not expect this update to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This new standard provides guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of revenue resulting from contracts with customers and will supersede virtually all of the current revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP.  In July 2015, the FASB postponed the effective date of this standard.  The standard is now effective for the first interim period within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017.  In May 2016, the FASB issued accounting standards updates to address implementation issues and to clarify the guidance for identifying performance obligations, licenses, and determining if a company is the principal or agent in a revenue arrangement. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, which is intended to make minor corrections and to improve and clarify the implementation guidance of Topic 606. The Company currently expects to adopt the new revenue standard in its first quarter of 2018 and continues to evaluate the method of adoption and the impact of the provisions on our financial position and results of operations, if any.  The Company has since implemented an evaluation tool to assist it in clearly determining the risks, materiality and complexities associated with its multiple revenue streams. The Company expects to finalize its implementation and assess its impacts in the fourth quarter 2017. Based on the Company’s on-going review, we continue to not expect this update to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations; however, our initial assessment is subject to change.  

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2. Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share was computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and convertible preferred stock outstanding for each period presented, using the “if converted” method. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by giving effect to common stock equivalents as if they were outstanding for the entire period.

The following is a reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

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3. Operating Segments

We have two reportable segments: radio and television.

The following summary table presents separate financial data for each of our operating segments (in thousands):  

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4. Income Taxes

We are calculating our effective income tax rate using a year-to-date income tax calculation, due to the full valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets, other than the net operating loss carryforwards of our U.S. Licensing companies and the U.S. AMT tax credits. In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of the deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Due to the continued pre-tax operating losses reported through Q3 2017, management has not changed its valuation allowance position as of September 30, 2017, from December 31, 2016.

Our income tax expense differs from the statutory federal tax rate of 35% and related statutory state tax rates primarily due to the tax amortization on certain indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not have any valuation allowance and the continued losses that cannot be realized due to the full valuation allowance.  The gain on the sale of property in 2017 will be absorbed by operating losses for the current year, and as such, there is no incremental tax expense recorded for this transaction.

We file federal, state and local income tax returns in the United States and Puerto Rico. The tax years that remain subject to assessment of additional liabilities by the United States federal tax authorities are 2013 through 2016.   The tax years that remain subject to assessment of additional liabilities by state, local, and Puerto Rico tax authorities are 2013 through 2016.  

Based on our evaluation, we have concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in our consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

5. Commitments and Contingencies

We are subject to certain legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been fully adjudicated. In our opinion, we do not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceedings and claims that would individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or operating results. However, the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Should we fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should all of these legal matters be resolved against us in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected.

Series B Preferred Holder Litigation

On November 2, 2017, Cedarview Opportunities Master Fund, L.P, Cetus Capital III, L.P., Corrib Capital Management, L.P., Littlejohn Opportunities Master Fund L.P., Ravensource Fund, Stonehill Institutional Partners, L.P., Stonehill Master Fund Ltd., Stornoway Recovery Fund L.P., VSS Fund L.P., West Face Long Term Opportunities Global Master L.P., and Wolverine Flagship Fund Trading Limited, filed a claim against us in the Delaware Court of Chancery. The lawsuit alleges counts for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and specific performance.  Specifically, it alleges that the forbearance agreement we entered into with certain Noteholders (which agreement expired on May 31, 2017) and certain payments pursuant thereto were barred by the Certificate of Designations governing the Series B Preferred Stock (because, among other things, the forbearance agreement allegedly constituted a “de facto” extension or restricting of the Senior Notes) due to the existence of a “Voting Rights Triggering Event,” as defined therein.  The complaint requests relief including, among other things, an order interpreting and enforcing the Certificate of Designations, preventing us from making any additional payments on the Notes and requiring us to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at face value plus accrued dividends (or approximately $163.1 million as of September 30, 2017), as well as unspecified money damages. We believe these claims are without merit, and we intend to defend ourselves vigorously.  

Although management believes these claims are without merit, given the uncertainty of litigation and the preliminary stage of this case, as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we cannot reasonably project the ultimate outcome of this litigation nor can any possible loss or range of loss be reasonably estimated, at this time.  

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Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria

In August and September 2017, Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria caused widespread damage and disruption in our Houston, Miami and Puerto Rico markets.  Currently, the operations in Miami and Houston are fully operational.  In Puerto Rico, our San Juan area radio stations, which are the most significant part of our business operations on the island, are operational and the remaining areas of our local operations continue to improve every day.   We are working to assess the full extent of the damage in these markets and are still estimating the impact to our properties and operations. At this time, the total amount of any potential loss cannot be reasonably estimated. We anticipate that insurance proceeds will be received to cover a portion of the losses to our operations, however, at this time, no assurances can be given as to the timing and amount of insurance proceeds we may ultimately recover.

Telephone Consumer Protection Act Class Action Complaint

On August 24, 2017, Adam Bugbee filed a putative class action against us in the United States District Court, for the Northern District of Illinois, alleging violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”) and related regulations, particularly the National Do-Not-Call provisions.  The complaint asserts a violation of the TCPA for allegedly sending unsolicited automated telemarketing messages to the cellular telephones of the plaintiff and others, thereby invading their privacy.  The complaint seeks class certification and statutory damages.  In addition, the plaintiff seeks injunctive relief prohibiting the challenged conduct in the future.  

Given the preliminary stage of this litigation we cannot reasonably estimate the range of loss that may result from this action.  Nevertheless, based on a preliminary assessment it is not probable that the outcome of the litigation will result in a material loss or liability to us.    

State Tax Assessment

The company is periodically subject to state tax audits.  Currently, the company is under audit by a State tax authority, which is challenging the company’s allocation of subsidiary capital and attributable liabilities, for the tax years from December 31, 2010 through 2013.  The audit is ongoing; however, the state has issued a “consent to field adjustments”, for which a resulting liability is probable. The liability is related to franchise taxes. The company has accrued $1.0 million for the liability expected to be paid.

Local Tax Assessment

The company received an audit assessment (the “Assessment”) wherein it was proposed that the Company underpaid a local tax for the tax periods between June 1, 2005 and May 31, 2015 totaling $1,439,452 in underpaid tax, applicable interest and penalties.  The Company disagrees with the assessment and related calculations but is developing a settlement strategy to discuss and pursue with the taxing jurisdiction with the hope of avoiding a lengthy litigation process. While we are uncertain as to whether the jurisdiction will accept this offer, an accrual of $391,000, based upon our current best estimate of probable loss, was charged to operations in the second quarter of 2016. However, if the settlement offer is not accepted by the jurisdiction, the amount of the ultimate loss to the Company, if any, may equal the entire amount of the Assessment sought by the taxing jurisdiction.

Gutierrez-Ortiz Lawsuit

We are a defendant in Aida Ivette Gutiérrez Ortiz et al. v. Municipio Autónomo de Bayamón, et al., a lawsuit involving the death of a man who was shot and killed at a concert co-promoted by us. Plaintiffs allege that we were negligent because we did not provide the necessary security to prevent the entry of firearms in the concert venue or its surrounding areas. Plaintiffs also allege we did not provide the necessary measures to control the venue and allege that we were negligent because we failed to provide the necessary medical assistance to aid the victim. Plaintiffs are seeking an estimated $3.5 million as indemnity. We intend to defend our self vigorously against this claim. At this stage, an estimate of loss cannot be made, however, we believe we have good defenses and it is not probable that the outcome of the litigation will result in a material loss or liability to us.

The Pretrial Conference was held on August 14, 2017 and a hearing to mark the evidence was scheduled for October 13^th, but due to the passage of Hurricanes Irma and María, said hearing was cancelled until further notice. The trial dates previously scheduled for October 23 through November 2, 2017 were also cancelled until further notice from the Court.

6. Fair Value Measurement Disclosures

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Cash and cash equivalents, receivables, as well as accounts payable and accrued expenses, and other current liabilities, as reflected in the consolidated financial statements, approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. The

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estimated fair value of our other long-term debt instruments, approximate their carrying amounts as the interest rates approximate our current borrowing rate for similar debt instruments of comparable maturity, or have variable interest rates.

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

The fair value of the Notes is estimated using market quotes from a major financial institution taking into consideration the most recent activity and are considered Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.  The fair value of the Series B preferred stock was based upon a weighted average analysis using the Black-Scholes method, an income approach, and the yield method resulting in a Level 3 classification.  The Black-Scholes method utilized an estimate of the fair value of the SBS equity, volatility, an estimate of the time to liquidity, and a risk free rate in the determination of the SBS preferred fair value.  Key assumptions for the income and yield methods included the expected yield on preferred stock, accrued dividends, the principal amount of the Series B preferred stock, and an estimate of the time to liquidity.  A discount for lack of marketability of the Series B preferred stock was also utilized in the analysis. The fair value of the Series B preferred stock may be impacted by the Company’s ability to monetize certain non-core assets to generate cash proceeds which we could use to repay, refinance and/or restructure our short term obligations, as well as its ability to be able to successfully recapitalize its balance sheet.

The estimated fair values of our financial instruments are as follows (in millions):

7. 12.5% Senior Secured Notes

On February 7, 2012 we closed our offering of $275 million in aggregate principal amount of our Notes, at an issue price of 97% of the principal amount. The Notes matured on April 15, 2017. Because we did not have sufficient cash on hand and did not generate sufficient cash from operations or asset sales, we did not repay the Notes at their maturity on April 17, 2017 (being the payment date following the Saturday, April 15, 2017 maturity date), as a result the Company is in default of the covenant to repay the Notes at their maturity (which constitutes an event of default under the Indenture). See Note 1 elsewhere in these notes to the financial statements for additional detail regarding our recapitalization efforts and our failure to repay the Notes at maturity.      

In addition, one of our limited liability companies had not become a guarantor when formed in 2013, as required by a covenant under the Indenture and therefore we were in default under the Indenture from the formation of the limited liability company until we subsequently submitted documentation to the Trustee to have the limited liability company become an additional guarantor in April 2017.  We were also required to amend the limited liability operating agreement to permit the trustee to more adequately perfect its security interest in the equity of the company.  This default has subsequently been cured.  

On April 17, 2017, the Company timely made the interest payment due on the Notes. The Notes will continue to earn interest at the current rate of 12.5% per year after the maturity date.

On May 8, 2017, the Company, and certain of its subsidiaries entered into the Forbearance Agreement with the Supporting Holders of more than 75% of the $275 million of outstanding Notes.  The Forbearance Agreement became effective on May 17, 2017, after the Company complied with the conditions precedent to its effectiveness. Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreement, the Supporting Holders agreed to forbear from exercising any of their rights and remedies under the Indenture under which the Notes were issued, with respect to certain defaults from the effective date of the Forbearance Agreement until the earliest to occur of (a) the occurrence of any Event of Termination (as defined in the Forbearance Agreement) and (b) May 31, 2017 at 12:01 a.m. New York City time.  As part of the Forbearance Agreement, the Company agreed to make monthly (as opposed to semiannual) interest payments of $2,864,583 on the Notes for the 30 day periods ending on May 15, 2017 and June 15, 2017. The Company also agreed to pay a consent fee to the Supporting Holders equal to 0.35% of the principal amount of the Notes held by such parties and also agreed to pay the legal fees and financial advisor due diligence fees of the Supporting Holders.  The Forbearance Agreement expired and has not been extended.  

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As of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10Q, the Company had made all of the payments required to be made under the Forbearance Agreement and has continued to make monthly interest payments on the Notes on the 15^th day of each month and continued to pay the monthly legal and financial advisor due diligence fees of the Supporting Holders. As previously discussed in Note 1 we continue to work with a team of financial and legal advisors in evaluating all options available to us in executing a comprehensive recapitalization plan and continue conversations with representatives of the Noteholders and the holders of the Series B preferred stock regarding these matters.    

As further described in Note 10, on June 9, 2017 we sold our Los Angeles real estate assets and used the net proceeds to pay down a portion of the outstanding indebtedness on our Notes.   On June 9, 2017, net proceeds of $10.3 million were delivered directly to the trustee in order to pay down our Notes. These monies were subsequently distributed to the Noteholders, by the trustee, on August 4, 2017.

As further described in Notes 9 and 10, on July 21, 2017, the Company received cash proceeds for the sale of television spectrum and used the net proceeds to pay down a portion of the outstanding indebtedness on our Notes.   On August 23, 2017, net proceeds of $4.4 million were delivered directly to the trustee in order to pay down our Notes. These monies were subsequently distributed to the Noteholders, by the trustee, on September 25, 2017.

A summary of the outstanding balance of our Notes, as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017, and changes through the quarter ended September 30, 2017, is presented below (in thousands and net of unamortized discount and deferred financing costs):

Interest

The Notes accrue interest at a rate of 12.5% per year. Since April 17, 2017, interest has been payable on demand. We have been paying interest monthly since that date. Additional interest will be payable at a rate of 2.00% per annum (the “Additional Interest”) on (i) the unpaid principal amount of the Notes plus (ii) any amount of Additional Interest payable but unpaid in any prior interest period, to be paid in cash, at our election, on any acceleration of the Notes and any redemption of the Notes; provided that no Additional Interest will be payable if, for the applicable fiscal period, either (a) we record positive consolidated station operating income for our television segment for the most recent twelve-month period ending either June 30 or December 31, or (b) our secured leverage ratio on a consolidated basis is less than 4.75 to 1.00.

Although our secured leverage ratio was greater than 4.75 to 1.00, we recorded positive consolidated station operating income for our television segment for the most recent twelve-month period ending June 30, 2017.    

Collateral and Ranking

The Notes and the guarantees are secured on a first-priority basis by a security interest in certain of the Company’s and the guarantors’ existing and future tangible and intangible assets (other than Excluded Assets (as defined in the Indenture)). The Notes and the guarantees are structurally subordinated to the obligations of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. The Notes and guarantees are senior to all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ existing and future unsecured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral.

The Indenture permits us, under specified circumstances, to incur additional debt; however, the occurrence and continuance of the Voting Rights Triggering Event (as defined in Note 8 of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) currently prevents us from incurring any such additional debt.

The Notes are senior secured obligations of the Company that rank equally with all of our existing and future senior indebtedness and senior to all of our existing and future subordinated indebtedness. Subject to certain exceptions, the Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by each of our existing and future wholly owned domestic subsidiaries (which excludes (i) our existing and future subsidiaries formed in Puerto Rico (the “Puerto Rican Subsidiaries”), (ii) our future subsidiaries formed under the laws of foreign jurisdictions and (iii) our existing and future subsidiaries, whether domestic or foreign, of the Puerto Rican Subsidiaries or foreign subsidiaries) and our other domestic subsidiaries that guarantee certain of our other debt. The Notes and guarantees are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities (including trade payables) of our nonguarantor subsidiaries.

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Covenants and Other Matters

The Indenture governing the Notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of the guarantors to:

As a result of our failure to pay the Notes at maturity, an event of default under the Indenture has occurred and is continuing.  

8. 10 ³/4% Series B Cumulative Exchangeable Redeemable Preferred Stock

Voting Rights Triggering Event

On October 30, 2003, we partially financed the purchase of a radio station with proceeds from the sale, through a private placement, of 75,000 shares of our 10 3/4% Series A cumulative exchangeable redeemable preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “Series A preferred stock”), without a specified maturity date. The gross proceeds from the issuance of the Series A preferred stock amounted to $75.0 million.

On February 18, 2004, we commenced an offer to exchange registered shares of our 10 3/4% Series B preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share and liquidation preference of $1,000 per share for any and all shares of our outstanding unregistered Series A preferred stock. On April 5, 2004, we completed the exchange offer and exchanged 76,702 shares of our Series B preferred stock for all of our then outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock.  

Holders of the Series B preferred stock have customary protective provisions. The Certificate of Designations contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to: (i) pay dividends, purchase junior securities and make restricted investments and other restricted payments; (ii) incur indebtedness, including refinancing indebtedness; (iii) merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of our assets; and (iv) engage in transactions with affiliates. Upon a change of control, we will be required to make an offer to purchase these shares at a price of 101% of the aggregate liquidation preference of these shares plus accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but excluding the purchase date.

We had the option to redeem all or some of the registered Series B preferred stock for cash on or after October 15, 2009 at 103.583%, October 15, 2010 at 101.792% and October 15, 2011 and thereafter at 100%, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends to the redemption date. On October 15, 2013, each holder of Series B preferred stock had the right to request that we repurchase (subject to the legal availability of funds under Delaware General Corporate Law) all or a portion of such holder’s shares of Series B preferred stock at a purchase price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference of such shares, plus all accumulated and unpaid dividends (as described in more detail below) on those shares to the date of repurchase. Under the terms of our Series B preferred stock, we are required to pay dividends at a rate of 10 3/4% per year of the $1,000 liquidation preference per share of Series B preferred stock. From October 30, 2003 to October 15, 2008, we had the option to pay these dividends in either cash or additional shares of Series B preferred stock. During October 15, 2003 to October 30, 2008, we increased the carrying amount of the Series B preferred stock by approximately $17.3 million for stock dividends, which were accreted using the effective interest method. Since October 15, 2008, we have been required to pay the dividends on our Series B preferred stock in cash.

On October 15, 2013, holders of shares of our Series B preferred stock requested that we repurchase 92,223 shares of Series B preferred stock for an aggregate repurchase price of $126.9 million, which included accumulated and unpaid dividends on these shares

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as of October 15, 2013. We did not have sufficient funds legally available to repurchase all of the Series B preferred stock for which we received requests and instead used the limited funds legally available to us to repurchase 1,800 shares for a purchase price of approximately $2.5 million, which included accrued and unpaid dividends. Consequently, a “voting rights triggering event” occurred (the “Voting Rights Triggering Event”).

During the continuation of a Voting Rights Triggering Event, certain of the covenants summarized above become more restrictive by their terms including (i) a prohibition on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, (ii) restrictions on our ability to make restricted payments and (iii) restrictions on our ability to merge or consolidate with other companies or transfer all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, the holders of the Series B preferred stock have the right to elect two members to our Board of Directors. At our Annual Meeting of Stockholders in 2014, the holders of the Series B preferred stock nominated and elected Alan Miller and Gary Stone to serve as the Series B preferred stock directors who remained on the board until their resignation on August 17, 2017.  The holders of the Series B Preferred Stock have the right to elect two new directors to the Board of Directors to fill the seats vacated by Messrs. Miller and Stone for their unexpired terms at a special meeting of the holders of the Series B preferred stock.  As of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the holders of the Series B preferred stock have not elected any new directors to fill the vacated seats.  The two vacancies on the Board of Directors will remain unfilled until such time as the holders of the Series B preferred stock appoint two new directors.  

The Voting Rights Triggering Event shall continue until (i) all dividends in arrears shall have been paid in full and (ii) all other failures, breaches or defaults giving rise to such Voting Rights Triggering Event are remedied or waived by the holders of at least a majority of the shares of the then outstanding Series B preferred stock.  We do not currently have sufficient funds legally available to be able to satisfy the conditions for terminating the Voting Rights Triggering Event. The terms of our Series B preferred stock require us, in the event of a change of control, to offer to repurchase all or a portion of a holder’s shares at an offer price in cash equal to 101% of the liquidation preference of the shares, plus an amount in cash equal to all accumulated and unpaid dividends on those shares up to but excluding the date of repurchase. We do not currently have sufficient funds legally available to be able to satisfy the conditions for terminating the Voting Rights Triggering Event or for repurchasing the shares in the event of a change of control. During the continuation of the Voting Rights Triggering Event, the Indenture governing our Notes prohibits us from paying dividends or from repurchasing the Series B preferred stock.  

On November 2, 2017, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock filed a complaint against us alleging, among other things, breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and specific performance. The complaint requests, among other things, to prevent us from making additional payments on the Notes and that we redeem the Series B Preferred Stock at face value plus accrued dividends, which is approximately $163.1 million as of September 30, 2017. For additional detail regarding the Series B Preferred Holder Litigation, see Note 5, Commitments and Contingencies, elsewhere in these Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.    

Quarterly Dividends

Under the terms of our Series B preferred stock, the holders of the outstanding shares of the Series B preferred stock are entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors out of funds of the Company legally available therefor, dividends on the Series B preferred stock at a rate of 10 ¾% per year, of the $1,000 liquidation preference per share. All dividends are cumulative, whether or not earned or declared, and are payable quarterly in arrears on specified dividend payment dates. While the Voting Rights Triggering Event continues, we cannot pay dividends on the Series B preferred stock without causing a breach of covenants under the Indenture governing our Notes.  

As of September 30, 2017, the aggregate cumulative unpaid dividends on the outstanding shares of the Series B preferred stock was approximately $72.6 million, which is accrued on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as 10 ¾% Series B cumulative exchangeable redeemable preferred stock.

Redemption Date and Subsequent Accounting Treatment of the Preferred Stock

Prior to October 15, 2013, the Series B preferred stock was considered “conditionally redeemable” because the redemption of the shares of Series B preferred stock was contingent on the Series B preferred stockholders requesting that their Series B preferred stock be repurchased on October 15, 2013. On October 15, 2013, almost all of the holders of the Series B preferred stock requested that we repurchase their shares of Series B preferred stock. As a result of their request, we assessed and determined that, under applicable accounting principles, the contingency had occurred, and the Series B preferred stock now met the definition of a “mandatorily redeemable” instrument under Accounting Standards Codification 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”).  Although under Delaware law the Series B preferred stock is deemed equity, under ASC 480, if an instrument changes from being “conditionally redeemable” to “mandatorily redeemable,” then the financial instrument should be reclassified as a liability.  

In addition, the Series B preferred stock will be measured at each reporting date as the amount of cash that would be paid pursuant to the contract, had settlement occurred on the reporting date, recognizing the resulting change in that amount from the

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previous reporting date as interest expense. Therefore, the accruing quarterly dividends of the Series B preferred stock is being recorded as interest expense (i.e. “Dividends on Series B preferred stock classified as interest expense”).

9. Asset Exchange

On January 4, 2016, the Company completed an asset exchange with International Broadcasting Corp. under which the Company agreed to exchange certain assets used or useful in the operations of WIOA-FM, WIOC-FM, and WZET-FM in Puerto Rico for certain assets used or useful in the operations of WTCV (DT), WVEO (DT), and WVOZ (TV) in Puerto Rico previously owned and operated by International Broadcasting Corp.

The asset exchange is being accounted for as a non-monetary exchange in accordance with ASC-845 Nonmonetary Transactions, as the Company did not acquire any significant processes to meet the definition of a business in accordance with ASC 805 Business Combinations. As the transaction involved significant monetary consideration, the Company recorded the exchange at fair value. The fair value of the assets received in the asset exchange was $2.9 million, as determined by an independent third party valuation. In addition, the Company paid $1.9 million in cash which we attribute to the value of the acquired television spectrum. Subsequently, we filed an application and participated in the FCC’s Broadcast Incentive Auction with our Puerto Rico television stations. As a result of the fair value assessment of the assets exchanged, the difference in exchanged fair values of $1.8 million was deemed attributable to the acquired television spectrum and is recorded as “Assets Held for Sale” on the accompanying “Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets”. Cash proceeds of $5.5 million were received in relation to the sale of the television spectrum which included $4.7 million received from the FCC on July 21, 2017, and are included in “Other Liabilities” on the accompanying “Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets”.  The Company has 180 days to relinquish the spectrum to the FCC, during which time the Company will continue to control and operate the asset.  The gain on the sale of the spectrum will be recognized once the asset is relinquished to the FCC. In accordance with the financial gain to be recognized in a subsequent period, the tax gain will be recognized in the same period during the year and will be partially offset with a valuation allowance release.

10. Assets Held for Sale

During 2016, the Company entered into listing agreements with brokers to sell two buildings and related improvements in New York City and Los Angeles which are part of our radio segment. The two properties have been reclassified from land, building and building improvements, as well as furniture and fixtures to assets held for sale as these assets were approved for immediate sale in their present condition, are expected to be sold within one year and management is actively working to locate buyers for these buildings and related improvements. As of December 31, 2016, the land, buildings and related improvements had a net book value of $1.4 million.

On June 9, 2017, we closed on the sale of our Los Angeles facilities which had carrying values of $0.9 million of land and $0.1 million of property and equipment. The purchase price under the agreement was $14.7 million from which the Company recognized a gain of $12.8 million, net of closing costs.  Additionally, the sale of the Los Angeles facilities resulted in net proceeds of $10.3 million to the Company, as defined by the Indenture governing our outstanding Notes, which is calculated differently than the recognized gain of $12.8 million for financial reporting purposes.    

The $1.8 million Puerto Rico television spectrum for which the Company has received the cash proceeds of $4.7 million, described in Note 9, is expected to be relinquished in its present condition during the fourth quarter 2017. Additionally, the sale of the television spectrum resulted in net proceeds of $4.4 million to the Company, as defined by the Indenture governing our outstanding Notes, which is calculated differently than the recognized gain that will be calculated once the television spectrum is relinquished.

On October 31, 2017, subsequent to September 30, 2017, the due diligence period provided for in an agreement entered into by the Company, on September 12, 2017, to sell its New York facilities with a carrying value of $0.4 million expired. The purchase price under the agreement is $14.0 million, exclusive of closing costs, and is scheduled to close no later than June 30, 2018. The Company will repay a portion of the outstanding Notes with the resulting net proceeds, as defined by the Indenture governing our outstanding Notes.  The net proceeds are calculated differently than the gain that will be recognized for financial reporting purposes at the time of closing.  

As related to the Los Angeles, Puerto Rico and New York asset sales, and in order to arrive at net proceeds as defined by the Indenture, the Company is permitted to hold back certain amounts related to taxes, relocation expenses and capital expenditures that are expected to become payable in the future. The net proceeds are used to repay a portion of the outstanding indebtedness on our Notes.  

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A summary of assets held for sale as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows (in thousands):

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General Overview

We are a leading Spanish-language media and entertainment company with radio and television operations, together with live concerts and events, mobile, digital and interactive media platforms, which reach the growing U.S. Hispanic population, including Puerto Rico.  We produce and distribute original Spanish-language content, including radio programs, television shows, music and live entertainment through our multi-media platforms. We operate in two reportable segments: radio and television.  

We own and operate radio stations located in six of the eight most populous Hispanic markets in the United States: Los Angeles, New York, Puerto Rico, Chicago, Miami and San Francisco. The Los Angeles and New York markets have the largest and second largest Hispanic populations and are also the largest and second largest radio markets in the United States measured by advertising revenue, respectively. We format the programming of each of our radio stations to capture a substantial share of the Hispanic audience in their respective markets. The U.S. Hispanic population is diverse, consisting of numerous identifiable ethnic groups from many different countries of origin, and each ethnic group has its own musical and cultural heritage. Since the music, culture, customs and Spanish dialects vary from one radio market to another, we strive to maintain familiarity with the musical tastes and preferences of each of the various Hispanic ethnic groups. To accommodate and monetize such diversity, we customize our programming to match the local preferences of our target demographic audience in each market we serve. In addition to our owned and operated radio stations, we have our AIRE Radio Networks with over 300 affiliate radio stations serving 85 of the top 100 U.S. Hispanic markets, including 47 of the top 50 Hispanic markets.  AIRE Radio Networks currently covers 94% of the coveted U.S. Hispanic market.  Our AIRE Radio Networks reach over 17.4 million listeners in an average week with our targeted networks.  For the nine-months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, our radio segment generated 90% of our consolidated net revenue which was generated primarily from the sale of local, national and network advertising.  

Our television stations and related affiliates operate under the “MegaTV” brand.  We broadcast via our owned and operated television stations in South Florida, Houston and Puerto Rico through programming and/or distribution agreements, including nationally on a subscriber basis, which allow us to serve markets representing over 3.5 million Hispanic households. We have created a unique television format which focuses on entertainment, current events and variety with high-quality content. Our programming is formatted to capture a larger share of the U.S. Hispanic audience by focusing on our core strengths as an “entertainment” company, thus offering a new alternative compared to the traditional Hispanic television channels. MegaTV’s programming is based on a strategy designed to showcase a combination of programs, ranging from televised radio-branded shows to general entertainment programs, such as music, celebrity, debate, interviews and personality based shows. As part of our strategy, we have incorporated certain of our radio on-air personalities into our television programming. In addition, we have included interactive elements in our programming to complement our Internet websites. We produce over 70 hours of original programming per week.  For the nine-months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, our television revenue was generated primarily from the sale of local advertising and paid programming and generated 10% of our consolidated net revenues.

As part of our operating business, we also maintain multiple Spanish and bilingual websites, including www.lamusica.com, Mega.tv and various station websites that provide content related to Latin music, entertainment, news and culture, as well as the LaMusica mobile app.  The LaMusica mobile app is a music and entertainment video and audio app, that programs an extensive series of short form videos, simultaneously live streams our radio stations’, includes hundreds of curated playlists and has tools that enable users to personalize their mobile radio streaming experience.  The new video enhancements to our mobile app significantly enhance the audience’s engagement level and increases the reach of our mobile offering.  In addition, we produce live concerts and events in the United States and Puerto Rico. Concerts generate revenue from ticket sales, sponsorship and promotions, raise awareness of our brands in the surrounding communities and provide our advertising partners additional opportunities to reach their target audience.

Business Drivers and Financial Statement Presentation

The following discussion provides a brief description of certain key items that appear in our consolidated financial statements and general business factors that impact these items.

Net Revenue Description and Factors

Our net revenue is primarily derived from the sale of advertising airtime to local, national and network advertisers. Net revenue is gross revenue less agency commissions, which are generally 15% of gross revenue.

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Our net revenue is generally determined by the advertising rates that we are able to charge and the number of advertisements that we can broadcast without jeopardizing listenership/viewership levels. Each station broadcasts a predetermined number of advertisements per hour with the actual number depending upon the format of a particular station and any programming strategy we are utilizing to attract an audience. The number of advertisements we decide to broadcast hourly is intended to maximize the station’s revenue without negatively impacting its audience listener/viewer levels. While there may be shifts from time to time in the number of advertisements broadcast during a particular time of the day, the total number of advertisements broadcast on a particular station generally does not vary significantly from year to year.

Our advertising rates are primarily based on the following factors:

Our net revenue is also affected by general economic conditions, competition and our ability to improve operations at our market clusters. Seasonal revenue fluctuations are also common in the broadcasting industry and are primarily due to variations in advertising expenditures by local and national advertisers. Our net revenue is typically lowest in the first calendar quarter of the year.

In addition to advertising revenue, we also generate revenue from barter sales, special events revenue, interactive revenue, syndication revenue, subscriber revenue and other revenue. For the nine-months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, these revenues combined comprised approximately 17% and 13% of our gross revenues, respectively.

Operating Expenses Description and Factors

Our operating expenses consist primarily of (1) engineering and programming expenses, (2) selling, general and administrative expenses and (3) corporate expenses.

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We strive to control our operating expenses by centralizing certain functions at our corporate offices and consolidating certain functions in each of our market clusters.  In our pursuit to control our operating expenses, we work closely with our local station management and vendors.

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Comparison Analysis of the Operating Results for the Three-Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

The following summary table presents financial data for each of our operating segments (in thousands):

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The following summary table presents a comparison of our results of operations for the three-months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands). Various fluctuations in our results are discussed below. This section should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes.

Net Revenue

The decrease in our consolidated net revenues of $2.8 million or 8% was due to decreases in both our radio segment and television segments’ net revenues.  Our radio segment net revenues decreased $2.7 million or 9%, due to decreases in local and national revenue, which were partially offset by increases in digital sales.  Our local sales decreased in our Los Angeles, Chicago, New York and San Francisco markets, while our national sales decreased in our Los Angeles, New York, Miami, Puerto Rico and San Francisco markets.  Our special events revenue decreased primarily in our San Francisco and Los Angeles markets.  Our television segment net revenues decreased by $0.1 million or 3%, due to the decreases in local sales.

Engineering and Programming Expenses

The decrease in our consolidated engineering and programming expenses of $0.5 million or 6% was due to the decreases in both our radio and television segments’ expenses.  Our radio segment expenses decreased $0.4 million or 6%, mainly due to a decrease in transmitter rents and digital content production costs related to the LaMusica App.  The television segment expenses decreased by $0.1 million or 6% primarily due to the increase of production tax credits in Puerto Rico.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The increase in our consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses of approximately $0.7 million or 5% was due to increases in our radio segment’s expenses offset by decreases in our television segment’s expenses.  Our radio segment expenses increased approximately $0.8 million or 6%, mainly due to increases in special events, facilities, marketing, compensation and benefits, and Aire network related affiliate compensation expenses partially offset by reductions in commissions and barter expenses.  Our television segment expenses decreased $0.1 million or 5%, primarily due decreases in barter expenses.

Corporate Expenses

The increase in corporate expenses of less than $0.1 million or 1% was mostly due to an increase related to airline charters to provide humanitarian relief to Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria offset by decreases in professional fees and stock-based compensation.  

Recapitalization Costs

The Company incurred $1.1 million of recapitalization costs, primarily due to professional fees related to the current process of evaluating all options available towards executing a comprehensive recapitalization plan, as described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, of the Notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  Also included in these amounts are the consent fees paid to the Supporting Holders of the Notes who entered into the Forbearance Agreement with the Company, as well as the legal and financial advisory fees incurred by the Supporting Holders.

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Operating Income

The decrease in operating income of $4.2 million or 42% was primarily due to the decrease in net revenues and the increases in operating expenses and recapitalization costs.

Interest Expense, net

The decrease in interest expense of $1.6 million or 16% was primarily due to the decrease in amortization of the originally issued discount and deferred financing costs being amortized and recorded as interest expense over the term of the Notes, which expired on April 15, 2017.  

Income Tax Expense  

The decrease in income tax expenses of $0.2 million or 9% was primarily a result of the partial release of valuation allowance against the US Puerto Rico Licensing NOLs in 2017.  

Net Loss

The increase in net loss was primarily due to the decreased operating income offset by the decreases in interest and income tax expense.

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Comparison Analysis of the Operating Results for the Nine-Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

The following summary table presents financial data for each of our operating segments (in thousands):