SPI Energy Co., Ltd. - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
OR
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from:
to
.
Commission File Number 000-50142
SOLAR POWER, INC.
California | 20-4956638 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
Incorporation or Organization) | Identification Number) | |
1115 Orlando Avenue | ||
Roseville, California | 95661-5247 | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
(916) 745-0900
(Issuers telephone number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None.
None.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.0001
(Title of Class)
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of
the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or
Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Note: Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to
such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is
not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer,
an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company þ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the
price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the registrants
most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2008, was $34,648,349. For purposes of
this computation, it has been assumed that the shares beneficially held by directors and officers
of registrant were held by affiliates this assumption is not to be deemed to be an admission by
such persons that they are affiliates of registrant.
The number of shares of registrants common stock outstanding as of March 6, 2009, was 37,933,826.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III are incorporated by
reference to the registrants proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of the registrants
fiscal year end.
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PART I
As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated, the terms we, us,
our and the Company refer to Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation and its wholly-owned
subsidiaries.
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, and information we
provide in our press releases, telephonic reports and other investor communications, including
those on our website, may contain forward-looking statements with respect to anticipated future
events and our projected financial performance, operations and competitive position that are
subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from
those forward-looking statements and our expectations.
Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as expects, plans,
will, may, anticipates, believes, should, intends, estimates and other words of
similar meaning. These statements constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements
are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from
those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements
reflect our then current beliefs, projections and estimates with respect to future events and our
projected financial performance, operations and competitive position.
Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to
finance our operations, the effectiveness, profitability and the marketability of our services, our
ability to protect our proprietary information, general economic and business conditions, the
impact of technological developments and competition, adverse results of any legal proceedings, the
impact of current, pending or future legislation and regulation of the solar power industry, our
ability to enter into acceptable relationships with one or more of our suppliers for panel
components and the ability of such suppliers to manufacture products or components of an acceptable
quality on a cost-effective basis, our ability to attract or retain qualified senior management
personnel, including sales and marketing and technical personnel and other risks detailed from time
to time in our filings with the SEC, including those described in Item 1A below. We do not
undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
ITEM 1
BUSINESS
Overview
We manufacture photovoltaic panels or modules and balance of system components in our
Shenzhen, China manufacturing facility. We sell these products through three distinct sales
channels; 1) direct product sales to international markets, 2) our own use in building commercial
and residential solar projects in the U.S., and 3) it is our intent to sell our products to a network of franchisees
who will serve the U.S. residential market through our wholly-owned franchise company Yes! Solar,
Inc. In addition to our solar revenue, we generate revenue from our legacy cable wire and
mechanical assembly segment. Our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies products are also
manufactured in our China facility and sold in the transportation and telecommunications markets.
We believe that we have distribution and installation advantages by having our manufacturing
facilities in China that will result in lower operational cost versus other competing United
States-based solar power companies and technologies that do not currently have operations in China.
Solar companies that do have operations in China are viewed as competitors only to the extent that
they supply solar modules to U.S. integrators that compete with us for solar design and
installation work.
Through our vertically integrated business model that serves multiple sales channels, we are
able to achieve several advantages in the market place. Those advantages include product
innovation in solar modules, racking systems and monitoring systems, quality control of the
products we sell, business diversification through multiple revenue streams, and low operating
costs through our ability to leverage goods and services from our China operations.
Business Development
We became the registrant through a reverse merger with Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), on December 29, 2006, and we are considered the accounting acquirer
and registrant following that merger. Welund Fund, Inc. was originally incorporated in the State of
Delaware on July 16, 2002 under that name, and effective January 2006, pursuant to authorization of
its stockholders, it changed its domicile from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada through
a merger with and into its then wholly-owned subsidiary, which was a Nevada corporation. On October
4, 2006, it changed its name from Welund Fund,
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Inc. to Solar Power, Inc., and it affected a one-for-three reverse stock split. For purposes of
discussion and disclosure, we refer to our predecessor as Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada Corporation
(formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), to distinguish it from the registrant and accounting acquirer, Solar
Power, Inc., a California corporation.
On May 10, 2005, International Assembly Solutions, Limited (a company formed under the laws of
Hong Kong S.A.R. (IAS HK) formed the limited liability company IAS Electronics (Shenzhen) Co.,
Ltd. (IAS Shenzhen), in accordance with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) laws, a Wholly
Foreign-Owned Enterprises (collectively known as the WFOE Law) and commenced operations the same
month. Mr. Kircher, our CEO, was named a director of IAS-HK and held disposition and voting control
over 8,100,000 shares or approximately 58% of the outstanding shares. Mr. Kircher made business
decisions for IAS Shenzhen, and it did not have formal officers.
In August 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, entered into a share exchange
agreement with all the shareholders of IAS HK, which was incorporated in Hong Kong on January 18,
2005 with limited liability. Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, was originally
incorporated in the State of California on May 22, 2006 to facilitate creation of a U.S. holding
company for IAS-HK operations and to engage in sales, installation and integration of photovoltaic
systems in the U.S. Pursuant to the share exchange agreements, the equity owners of IAS-HK
transferred all their equity interest in IAS-HK in exchange for a total of 14,000,000 shares of
Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation. As a result, IAS HK became a wholly owned subsidiary
of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation.
DRCI Acquisition
In February 2005 Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc., (DRCI), a California corporation was
formed to engage in the business of solar modules and systems installation, integration and sales.
In May 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, and Dale Stickney Construction, Inc.,
(DSCI), the parent of DRCI, agreed in principle on the acquisition of DRCI by Solar Power, Inc.,
a California corporation, and entered into an operating agreement with DRCI providing that Solar
Power, Inc., a California corporation would effectively be responsible for all current operations,
liabilities, and revenues, effective June 1, 2006, as contemplated by the proposed merger
agreement.
In August 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, and DRCI completed the Agreement
and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement), including the Assignment and Interim Operating
Agreement (the Operating Agreement) which was an exhibit to the Merger Agreement,. The Operating
Agreement obligated Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, to provide all financing necessary
for DRCIs operations subsequent to June 1, 2006 until the consummation of the acquisition in
exchange for all the revenues generated from its operations. The Operating Agreement also provided
that Solar Power, Inc. was to provide all management activities of DRCI on its behalf from June 1,
2006 until the consummation of the acquisition. The Company has taken the position that DRCI became
a Variable Interest Entity on June 1, 2006 based upon the accounting literature found in Financial
Interpretation Number 46(R) (FIN 46(R)), paragraph 5. In addition, based upon FIN 46(R),
paragraph 6, footnote 12, the Company had pecuniary interest in DRCI that began on June 1, 2006.
Finally, FIN 46 (R), paragraph 14 supports the Companys position to consolidate as of June 1, 2006
because it absorbed DRCIs losses and had a contractual right to expect residual returns. Solar
Power, Inc., a California corporation, acquired DRCI in order to accelerate its entry into the
California market for sale and installation of solar systems, including assumption of the
installation and construction contracts that DRCI had at that time.
On November 15, 2006, the Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, completed the
acquisition of DRCI, paying $1,115,373 in cash in exchange for 100% of the outstanding shares of
DRCI. The acquisition of DRCI provided Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, with an
experienced photovoltaic sales and installation team.
Neither DRCI nor its affiliates had any prior affiliation with Solar Power, Inc., a California
corporation, or any of its officers, directors or major shareholders. Mr. James Underwood was the
former CEO for DRCI and remains the current CEO for DSCI. There are no continuing relationships or
arrangements between us and DSCI.
Welund Merger
On August 23, 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.)
formed Welund Acquisition Corp., a Nevada corporation and entered into an Agreement and Plan of
Merger with Solar Power, Inc, a California corporation and Welund Acquisition Corp. (Merger Sub).
The parties entered into the agreement to facilitate Welund Fund, Inc. acquiring an operating
business and completing a proposed financing to provide working capital for such operations. The
shareholders of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, received 14,500,000 shares of the
Solar Power, Inc. a Nevada corporations common stock and Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation,
substituted 2,000,000 restricted stock awards and options of Solar Power, Inc., a California
corporation,
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with its restricted stock awards and options on the same terms. There was no common control or
related party relationships. However, Mr. Kircher was appointed to the board of directors of Welund
Fund, Inc. after the merger agreement was entered into and as a condition to the financing. Mr.
Kircher received no compensation in connection with his service as a director of Welund Fund, Inc.
Pending consummation of the merger, a special committee was formed by the Welund Fund, Inc. board
members for purposes of any and all matters related to the merger, which committee excluded Mr.
Kircher due to his interest in Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation. Incident to the
financing, Welund Fund, Inc. also changed its name to Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation.
On December 29, 2006, Merger Sub merged with Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation,
pursuant to which Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, was the surviving entity. As a
result of the merger, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, became a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) and Solar Power, Inc., a
Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) discontinued its former operations and business of
purchasing sub-prime auto loans. In addition, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, received
the net proceeds of the private placement made by Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly
Welund Fund, Inc.). In addition, 14,500,000 shares of common stock were issued to the shareholders
of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, and 2,000,000 restricted stock awards and options
of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, were substituted for Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) stock awards and option plan. As a condition and incident
to the merger, former officers and directors resigned all positions as officers and directors of
Solar Power, Inc. a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.). At that time, the officers and
directors of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, became our officers and directors. The
merger was structured as a reverse merger, and we became the registrant and the accounting acquirer
as a result of the merger.
In addition, on February 15, 2007, Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund
Fund, Inc.) completed a re-domicile into the State of California by merging with and into its
wholly-owned subsidiary, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, which survived.
Our Subsidiaries
Our business is conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, SPIC, Inc. (SPIC), Yes!
Solar, Inc. (YES), Yes! Construction Services, Inc. (YCS), IAS-HK and IAS Shenzhen.
SPIC and YCS are engaged in the business of design, sales and installation of photovoltaic
(PV) solar systems for commercial, industrial and residential markets. YCS is also a
company-owned franchise territory.
YES is engaged in the sale and administration of our franchise operations. In March 2008, the
Company entered into its first franchise sale agreement. As of December 31, 2008, YES had
completed franchise sales of five franchise territories.
IAS-HK is engaged in sales of our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business.
IAS Shenzhen is engaged in manufacturing our solar modules, our balance of solar system
products and continues to be engaged in our legacy cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business.
Industry Overview
According to industry studies, net electricity consumption is expected to more than double
between 2003 and 2030, growing from 14.8 trillion kilowatt hours to 30.1 trillion kilowatt hours.
During this time frame, the report projects that natural gas and renewable energy sources are the
only fuels expected to see an increase in the share of the total world electricity generation. We
have not commissioned any independent industry studies and rely on existing reports.
Currently, the electric power industry is one of the worlds largest industries with annual
global revenues reaching approximately $1 trillion per year. Higher fossil fuel prices,
particularly for natural gas, have raised the cost of producing electricity. As a result of these
higher production costs, renewable energy sources such as solar are better able to compete
economically.
In 2003, nearly 60 percent of the total net electricity consumption in the Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies was in the residential and commercial
building sectors. The industrial sectors accounts for 39%.
Economic growth is among the most important factors to be considered in projecting changes in
the worlds energy consumption. Over the 2003 to 2030 period, the projected world real Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) is expected to average 3.8% growth annually.
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Despite higher energy prices over the last 2 years, the U.S. economy is projected to grow an
average of 3.0% between 2006 and 2015 and then slow to 2.9% during the period 2015 through 2030.
Canadas growth is expected to mirror the United States while Mexico should see growth closer to
4.1%.
Between 2003 and 2030, much of the worlds economic growth is expected to occur among the
nations of non-OECD Asia. China for example, is expected to have demand grow by an average 5.5% per
year. By 2020, China is expected to have the worlds largest economy, based on share of Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). Another country experiencing similar demand growth is India, where the
average annual GDP is projected to be 5.4% over the same timeframe.
According to an industry report, to meet the worlds electricity demand, an extensive
expansion of installed generating capacity will be required. How each country or region adds the
additional capacity depends on the availability of local resources, energy security and market
competition among fuel choices. The fuel mix used to generate electricity over the past thirty
years has changed significantly. Coal has remained the dominant fuel but the use of nuclear power
increased during the 1970s and natural gas rapidly grew during the 1980s and 1990s. This fuel mix
change was encouraged by the rise in oil prices.
The fuel mix for electricity generation included coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and
renewable sources, such as solar, hydroelectric and wind power. Solar accounted for less than one
percent. Electric power producers face several challenges in meeting anticipated growth in
electricity demand:
| Environmental regulations. Environmental regulations addressing global climate change and air quality seek to limit emissions by existing fossil fuel-fired generation plants and new generating facilities. Countries that are parties to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol have voluntarily submitted to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. National and regional air pollution regulations also restrict the release of carbon dioxide and other gases by power generation facilities. | ||
| Infrastructure reliability. Investment in electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure has not kept pace with increased demand, resulting in major service disruptions in the United States, such as the Northeast blackout in August 2003. Increasing capacity of the aging infrastructure to meet capacity constraints will be capital intensive, time consuming and may be restricted by environmental concerns. | ||
| Fossil fuel supply constraints and cost pressures. The supply of fossil fuels is finite. While an adequate supply of coal, natural gas and oil exists for the foreseeable future, depletion of the fossil fuels over this century may impact prices and infrastructure requirements. For example, the U.S. domestic supply of liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is not expected to meet consumption requirements by 2025, requiring significant investment in LNG shipping terminal infrastructure to support imported fuel. Political instability, labor unrest, war and the threat of terrorism in oil producing regions has disrupted oil production, increased the volatility of fuel prices and raised concerns over foreign dependency in consumer nations. | ||
| Weather. Regional weather impacts, such as higher temperatures or drought frequencies and duration, may affect the demand for electricity consumption or the ability to produce additional electrical supplies, as in the case of hydro production. |
We believe that economic, environmental and national security pressures and technological
innovations are creating significant opportunities for new entrants within the electric power
industry. The demand for additional electricity resources will bring changes to the market place
and create opportunities for those companies that anticipate, plan and execute appropriately.
Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy
Distributed generation and renewable energy are two promising areas for growth in the global
electric power industry. Distributed generation is defined as point-of-use electricity generation
that either supplements or bypasses the electric utility grid. Distributive generation employs
technologies such as solar power, micro turbines and fuel cells. The move to distributed power will
come from capacity constraints, increased demand for reliable power reliability and the economic
challenges of building new centralized generation and transmission facilities.
Renewable energy is defined as energy supplies that derive from non-depleting sources such as
solar, wind and certain types of biomass. Renewable energy reduces dependence on imported and
increasingly expensive oil and natural gas. In addition, growing environmental pressures,
increasing economic hurdles of large power generation facilities and U.S. National Security
interests are favorable drivers for renewable energy. Renewable energy, including solar and wind
power, is the fastest growing segment of the energy industry worldwide.
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Solar power is both distributed and renewable. Solar power is an environmentally benign,
locally sourced renewable energy source that can play an immediate and significant role in
assisting global economic development, forging sustainable global environmental and energy
policies, and protecting national security interests.
Solar Power
Solar power generation uses interconnected photovoltaic cells to generate electricity from
sunlight. The photovoltaic process (PV) captures packets of light (photons) and converts that
energy into electricity (volts). Most photovoltaic cells are constructed using specially processed
silicon. When sunlight is absorbed by a semiconductor, the photon knocks the electrons loose from
the atoms, allowing the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity. This
generated electricity is direct current (DC).
Light can be separated into different wavelengths with a wide range of energies. These photons
may be reflected, absorbed or passed right through the PV cell. Solar cell technology only has the
ability to capture the energy of photons within a specific range. Lower wavelength photons create
heat, resulting in higher solar cell temperatures and lower conversion rate to energy. Higher
wavelength photons have lower levels of energy and thus do not generate electricity. A typical
commercial cell has an efficiency of only 15%.
Many interconnected cells are packaged into solar modules, which protect the cells and collect
the electricity generated. Solar power systems are comprised of multiple solar modules along with
related power electronics. Solar power technology, first used in the space program in the late
1950s, has experienced growing worldwide commercial use for over 25 years in both on-grid and
off-grid applications.
| On-grid. On-grid applications provide supplemental electricity to customers that are served by an electric utility grid, but choose to generate a portion of their electricity needs on-site. The On-grid segment is typically the most difficult to compete in since electricity generated from coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydro and wind is generally at much lower rates. Despite the unfavorable cost comparisons, On-grid applications have been the fastest growing part of the solar power market. This growth is primarily driven by the worldwide trend toward deregulation and privatization of the electric power industry, as well as by government initiatives, including incentive programs to subsidize and promote solar power systems in several countries, including Japan, Germany and the United States. On-grid applications include residential and commercial rooftops, as well as ground-mounted mini-power plants. | ||
| Off-grid. Off-grid applications serve markets where access to conventional electric power is not economical or physically feasible. Solar power products can provide a cost-competitive, reliable alternative for such power applications as highway call boxes, microwave stations, portable highway road signs, remote street or billboard lights, vacation homes, rural homes in developed and developing countries, water pumps and battery chargers for recreational vehicles and other consumer applications. |
Solar power has emerged as one of the primary distributed generation technologies seeking to
capitalize on the opportunities resulting from trends affecting the electric power industry.
Relative to other distributed generation technologies, solar power benefits include:
| Modularity and scalability. From tiny solar cells powering a hand-held calculator to an array of roof modules powering an entire home to acres of modules on a commercial building roof or field, solar power products can be deployed in many sizes and configurations and can be installed almost anywhere in the world. Solar is among the best technologies for power generation in urban areas, environmentally sensitive areas and geographically remote areas in both developing and developed countries. | ||
| Reliability. With no moving parts and no fuel supply required, solar power systems reliably power some of the worlds most demanding applications, from space satellites to maritime applications to remote microwave stations. Solar modules typically carry warranties as long as 25 years. | ||
| Dual use. Solar modules are expected to increasingly serve as both a power generator and the skin of the building. Like architectural glass, solar modules can be installed on the roofs or facades of residential and commercial buildings. | ||
| Environmentally cleaner. Subsequent to their installation solar power systems consume no fuel and produce no air, water or noise emissions. |
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Germany, Japan and the United States presently comprise the majority of world market sales for
solar power systems. Government policies in these countries, in the form of both regulation and
incentives, have accelerated the adoption of solar technologies by businesses and consumers. For
example, in the United States, the 2005 energy bill enacted a 30% investment tax credit for solar,
and in January 2006 California approved the largest solar program in the countrys history, a $3.2
billion, 11-year California Solar Initiative. The California Solar Initiative is a recently adopted
state policy expiring in 2017 that provides for long term subsidies in the form of rebates to
encourage all Californians to use solar energy where possible. This Initiative is of particular
importance to us because our Companys headquarters are in Sacramento, California, and we
anticipate that many of our franchise sales will be in California. These three countries together
accounted for 83% of the solar global market in 2005. The recently passed Federal American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ACT) renewed the 30% investment tax credit and removed the cap
placed on residential installations so that now homeowners can take advantage of the full credit.
In addition the ACT makes it possible to monetize the tax credit if they cannot be absorbed by a
tax liability.
As a result of the benefits and government support of solar power, the solar power market has
seen sustained and rapid growth. Global PV installations have increased from 345 megawatts (MW) in
2001 to 1,460 MW in 2005. Unit shipments have increased over 20% per year on average for the past
20 years, and have never seen a year with negative growth.
Despite the benefits of solar power, there are also certain risks and challenges faced by
solar power. Solar power is heavily dependent on government subsidies to promote rapid introduction
and acceptance by mass markets. Solar is an inert process that makes it difficult to compare
against other non-inert technologies when comparing costs as current solar modules are generally
warranted for a 25 year life. When the costs of producing solar are compared to other energy
sources, solar power is more expensive than grid-based energy, nuclear, wind, etc. Different solar
technologies carry different efficiencies. Traditional PV solar cells carry efficiencies ranging
from 13% to 22% per cell. Solar thin film technologies are less expensive to manufacture than PV
solar cell but generally carry efficiencies ranging from 5% to 9%.
Our Challenges
Although solar power can provide a cost-effective alternative for off-grid applications, we
believe the principal challenge to widespread adoption of solar power for on-grid applications is
reducing manufacturing and installation costs without impairing product reliability. We believe the
following advancements in solar power technology are necessary to meet this challenge:
| Efficient material use. Reduce raw materials waste, particularly the waste associated with sawing silicon by conventional crystalline silicon technology. Efficient use of silicon is imperative for the growth of the industry due to the limited supply and increasing cost of silicon raw material expected for the near future. | ||
| Simplified and continuous processing. Reduce reliance on expensive, multi-step manufacturing processes. | ||
| Reduced manufacturing capital costs. Decrease the costs and risks associated with new plant investments as a result of lower capital costs per unit of production. | ||
| Improved product design and performance. Increase product conversion efficiency, longevity and ease of use. Conversion efficiency refers to the fraction of the suns energy converted to electricity. | ||
| Simplified installation process. Reduce the time and effort required to install a solar system. Eliminate non-value added functions. |
Our Solution
We offer a broad range of our solar modules, balance-of-system components, and integration
services, including system design and installation. We source components that are capital intensive
to produce, such as solar cells, and rely on our manufacturing and assembly process to efficiently
and economically complete our final products. We utilize our in-house expertise to design and
customize systems and components to meet each customers requirements. Finally, we modify our
system components so our installation process time is reduced.
Our solutions enable our operations to improve the quality and yield of our manufactured
products, to improve the delivery of and shorten our time-to-market, thereby improving both product
and service profitability. We believe that our solutions provide the following key benefits to our
customers:
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| cost-effective solar modules and balance of system products; | ||
| high quality components and supply chain management expertise; | ||
| custom design and manufacturing expertise; and | ||
| superior customer service and post-sales support. |
Our Strategy
Our business strategy is to develop, manufacture and market solar panels and system component
products to industrial, commercial and residential facilities primarily in the United States. We
presently are focused on the following steps to implement our business strategy:
| Outsource completed solar cells. We believe that we have the resources and relationships to acquire solar cells. We have entered into discussion with several manufacturers who possess the production capacity to deliver the required number of complete solar cells and have entered into an agreement with one of them that will guarantee prices through calendar 2009, but not obligating the Company a purchase commitment. The manufacturing process to convert metallurgical grade silicon into either solar wafers or solar cells requires high capital investments and long lead times. We firmly believe that our firms resources are better applied to manufacturing the solar module and balance of system products. | ||
| Accelerate our manufacturing cost reduction and capacity expansion. We intend to quicken the expansion pace, secure critical supply chain and leverage our technology and manufacturing capabilities through strategic partnerships with other participants in the solar power industry. We have extensive experience manufacturing cable wire and mechanical assemblies in our existing facility in China. We apply our expertise and know-how, which requires the same skill sets, into assembling solar modules and balance of system components. Our existing manufacturing team is well versed in bringing components into China, applying value-added services, exporting our finished products through the Chinese regulatory environment and delivering the final product to our customers doorsteps. In July 2006, we secured a new 123,784 square foot manufacturing facility providing us with the potential capacity to produce over 50 MW of solar panels annually. During fiscal 2008 we produced approximately 8.6 MW of solar panels which enabled us to fulfill our customers requirements. | ||
| Accelerate our installation cost reductions. We are implementing a made-to-order system for each customer order. We first utilize our engineering expertise during the initial sales process. This initial review will modify the system proposal resulting in significant savings in materials, labor, and re-work and installation time. Completed orders will be bundled and packed in a custom shipping container for delivery to the customers address. This ordering, design review and component bundling process will greatly reduce the time needed to complete our installation process. | ||
| Diversify and differentiate our product lines. We design a full complement of balance of systems components to complement a wide array of solar system designs and have private-labeled a line of inverters for multiple levels of power generating capacities. |
Customers
We are a designer, integrator and installer of photovoltaic power systems to a variety of
customers including private residential owners, production home builders and commercial facilities.
We also manufacture solar panels which we not only use in our own installations, but sell to other
integrators in the Asian and European markets. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 the
Company recorded revenues of approximately $44,670,000 from the sale of solar panels and sales and
installation of its photovoltaic power systems. One major customer accounted for 10% or more of our
revenue with 47.9% of our total revenue.
Additionally, through our legacy business, we build and sell cable and harness assemblies. For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 revenues in the cable, wire and mechanical assemblies
segment were $2,751,000 or 5.8% of our total revenue.
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Products and Services
Solar power products in general are built-up through 4 stages of production:
| Wafers. A crystalline silicon wafer is a flat piece of crystalline silicon that can be processed into a solar cell. Wafers are usually square or square with rounded corners. A typical size is 152 millimeters by 152 millimeters. | ||
| Cells. A solar cell is a device made from a wafer that converts sunlight into electricity by means of a process known as the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells produce approximately 3.5 watts of power each. | ||
| Modules. A solar module is an assembly of solar cells that have been electrically interconnected and laminated in a physically durable and weather-tight package. A typical solar module can produce from 20 to 300 watts of power and range in size from 2 to 25 square feet. Our typical commercial module will range from 180 to 220 watts. | ||
| Systems. A solar system is an assembly of one or more solar modules that have been physically mounted and electrically interconnected by cables, meters and inverters to produce electricity. Typical residential on-grid systems produce 2,000 to 6,000 watts of power. |
Solar modules and systems are our primary products. Our modules are competitive with other
products in the marketplace and are certified to international standards of safety, reliability
and quality. We expect to continue to increase the conversion efficiency and power of our solar
modules as we expand our manufacturing capacity and increase our efficiencies through ongoing
process improvement.
Intellectual Property
We rely and will continue to rely on trade secrets, know-how and other unpatented proprietary
information in our business. We have filed applications to register the following trademarks: Yes!
Solar Solutions, Yes! Energy Series and Yes! Independence Series (the Marks) for use with our
franchise operations and solar product brands. In addition, we have two provisional patents pending
for certain proprietary technologies.
Competition
The solar power market is intensely competitive and rapidly evolving. Our competitors have
established a market position more prominent than ours, and if we fail to secure our supply chain,
attract and retain customers and establish a successful distribution network for our solar power
products, we may be unable to increase our sales and market share. We compete with major
international and domestic companies. Our major systems integration competitors include Sun Power
Corporation, SPG Solar, Akeena Solar, Sun Edison plus numerous regional players, and other similar
companies primarily located in California and New Jersey. Manufacturing competitors include
multinational corporations such as BP Solar, Kyocera Corporation, Mitsubishi, Solar World AG, Sharp
Corporation, Sun Power Corporation and Sanyo Corporation. We also expect that future competition
will include new entrants to the solar power market offering new technological solutions. Further,
many of our competitors are developing and are currently producing products based on new solar
power technologies, including other crystalline silicon ribbon and sheet technologies, that we
believe will ultimately have costs similar to, or lower than, our projected costs.
Moreover, we believe that our direct competitors are solar companies that have operations in
China or other low cost manufacturing locations to the extent that they supply solar modules to US
integrators and compete with us for solar system design and integration work. Under this view, we
believe Sun Power Corporation would be considered a competitor even though their manufacturing
facilities are in the Philippines and not China.
We believe that the cost and performance of our technologies, products and services will have
advantages compared to competitive technologies, products and services. Our products offer the
reliability, efficiency and market acceptance of other crystalline silicon products. We believe our
technological process provides lower manufacturing costs resulting from significantly more
efficient material usage and fewer processing steps, particularly in module fabrication.
The entire solar industry also faces competition from other power generation sources, both
conventional sources as well as other emerging technologies. Solar power has certain advantages and
disadvantages when compared to other power generating technologies. The advantages include the
ability to deploy products in many sizes and configurations, to install products almost anywhere in
the world, to provide reliable power for many applications, to serve as both a power generator and
the skin of a building and to eliminate air, water and noise emissions. Whereas solar generally is
cost effective for off-grid applications, the high up-front cost of solar relative to most other
solutions is the primary market barrier for on-grid applications. Furthermore, unlike most
conventional power generators, which can produce power on demand, solar power cannot generate power
where sunlight is not available, although it is sometimes matched with battery storage to provide
highly reliable power solutions.
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Manufacturing and Assembly Capabilities
Prior to our focus in the solar industry we previously did not manufacture solar panels. We
believe that our experience in manufacturing and assembly operations in China will give us a
competitive advantage in the production of solar module and balance of system products. Our senior
management has broad experience in the manufacturing of liquid crystal displays and electronic
module assemblies. The manufacturing and assembly process of these products is not unlike the
manufacturing and assembly of solar modules and balance of system products.
Due to the various costs associated with both silicon and subsequent wafer processing, the
high cost of solar products has rendered them unmarketable in some geographic areas. The stated
goal for some time in the photovoltaic industry has been to reduce manufacturing costs to allow
prices to drop to a point where rebates and subsidies are no longer a necessity. We feel our
vertically integrated China-based model takes a major step towards the lessening of the rebate
dependency.
We are producing our solar modules and balance of system products. It is our intent to strive
to reduce costs in the overall solar system cost to the end customer with the ultimate goal to make
the actual installed cost of solar equivalent to the comparable cost of grid based energy without
rebate. These overall reductions in cost will be delivered by reducing labor installation costs
through better system design and kit packaging and reductions in module and balance of system costs
by focusing on driving prices down on these commodity types of products.
Our principal manufacturing objective is to provide for large-scale manufacturing and assembly
of our solar power products at low costs that will enable us to penetrate price-sensitive solar
power markets. Our 123,784 square foot campus in NanYue, Shenzhen, Peoples Republic of China (PRC)
includes approximately 101,104 square feet of manufacturing space. The Shenzhen facility includes a
complete line to manufacture solar modules as well as our legacy line to manufacture cable
harnesses and mechanical assemblies. Currently our solar products manufacturing and assembly
business has an annual production of approximately 50 megawatts of photovoltaic modules and
related balance of system products and our cable, wire and assembly business utilizes approximately
eighteen percent (18%) of our manufacturing space. The unused capacity will be utilized for
production of our solar products as our solar business increases.
Suppliers
A substantial portion of our product costs will stem from the purchase of components and raw
materials. Raw materials are principally comprised of glass, aluminum frames, sheet metal, EVA
bonding materials, copper tabs, and wiring. Components include solar cells, printed circuit boards,
electrical connectors, junction boxes, molded plastic parts and packaging materials. These are
purchased from a variety of suppliers. We will be dependent on certain key suppliers for sole
source supplies of customer specified items. We intend to base component orders on received
purchase orders in an effort to minimize our inventory risk by ordering components and products
only to the extent necessary. However, in certain circumstances due to priorities of lead times, we
may occasionally purchase components and/or a raw material based on rolling forecasts or
anticipated orders following a risk assessment.
Certain components may be subject to limited allocation by certain of our suppliers. In our
industry, supply shortages and delays in deliveries of particular components have resulted in
curtailed production, or delays in production of assemblies using scarce components or higher
component costs. These supply shortages may contribute to an increase in our inventory levels
and/or a reduction in our margins. We expect that shortages and delays in deliveries of some
components will continue to impact our industry, and we are striving to develop multiple sources of
supply where possible.
We currently manufacture the majority of solar modules used in our installations and product
sales. We also have the ability to purchase additional solar panel requirements from third-party
augment output generated by our own production facility.
Sales and Marketing
We are bringing our solar power products to market by utilizing company-owned store operations
and establishing a national franchise network. We opened our first retail showroom in October 2007
in Northern California in close proximity to our corporate operations, and sold five franchise
territories in fiscal 2008.
Company-owned store operations work directly with all regional and national commercial and
residential land use companies. We intend to provide national account representatives who will
establish long-term relationships with these prime customers. Our
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company-owned store team is designed to provide reliable product sourcing, PV system designs and
reviews, permit and rebate assistance, media and public relations recognition and co-marketing
opportunities. In essence, we to strive to provide a one-stop shopping experience for these large
volume customers. Through franchise territory sales, we intend to establish additional stores in
California and expand to several other geographic locations in the United States.
Franchising
Outside of Company-owned store operations, we are working with franchisee partners who have
exclusive geographical territories that include specific application focus. Regional owned stores
are intended to provide consistent and reliable product supply, expertise on PV system designs and
reviews, assistance with all permits and rebate programs, and extensive marketing and sales
support. We believe that by franchising we are able to accomplish the following:
| Build a national brand | ||
| Leverage the brand quickly | ||
| Leverage sales and marketing both regionally and nationally | ||
| Develop consistency in installation, training and service | ||
| Access national accounts through corporate programs rather than regional programs | ||
| Provide consistent marketing schemes, materials, and programs with national sales teams |
Other Mediums
We market our products globally through trade shows, on-going customer communications,
promotional material, our web site, direct mail and advertising. Our staff will provide customer
service and applications engineering support to our distribution partners while also gathering
information on current product performance and future product requirements.
Employees
As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately 290 full-time employees, including approximately
13 engaged in engineering activities and approximately 156 engaged in manufacturing, the majority
of which are employed through our subsidiary in China. None of our employees is represented by a
labor union nor are we organized under a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced
a work stoppage and believe that our relations with our employees are good.
Item 1A RISK FACTORS
Risks Related to Our Business
We have limited experience manufacturing solar systems on a commercial basis and have a limited
operating history on which to base our prospects and anticipated results of operations.
We commenced solar power-related operations in June 2006 and began manufacturing solar modules in
April 2007. As a result, we have limited experience manufacturing solar systems on a commercial
basis. Our IAS (Shenzhen) Electronics Co., Ltd. subsidiary completed its first mechanical assembly
manufacturing line in May 2005 and began commercial shipment of its cable, wire and mechanical
products in June 2005. Although we are continuing to develop our solar manufacturing capabilities
and processes, we do not know whether the processes we have developed will be capable of supporting
large-scale manufacturing, or whether we will be able to develop the other processes necessary for
large-scale manufacturing of solar systems that meet the requirements for cost, schedule, quality,
engineering, design, production standards and volume requirements. If we fail to develop or obtain
the necessary manufacturing capabilities it will significantly alter our business plans and could
have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial
condition. Moreover, due to our limited operating history, our historical operating results may not
provide a meaningful basis for evaluating our business, financial performance and prospects. We
have incurred net losses since our inception and, as of December 31, 2008, had an accumulated
deficit of $18.2 million. We may be unable to achieve or maintain profitability in the future.
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Our operating results may fluctuate significantly from period to period; if we fail to meet the
expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price may decline significantly.
Several factors can contribute to significant quarterly and other periodic fluctuations in our
results of operations. These factors may include but are not limited to the following:
| the timing of orders; | ||
| the volume of orders relative to our capacity; | ||
| the availability and pricing of raw materials, such as solar cells and wafers; | ||
| delays in delivery of components or raw materials by our suppliers, which could cause delays in our delivery of products to our customers; | ||
| delays in our product sales, design and qualification processes, which vary widely in length based upon customer requirements; | ||
| product introductions and market acceptance of new products or new generations of products; | ||
| effectiveness in managing manufacturing processes; | ||
| changes in cost and availability of labor and components; | ||
| product mix; | ||
| pricing and availability of competitive products and services; | ||
| changes in government regulations; | ||
| changes or anticipated changes in economic conditions; | ||
| delays in installation of specific projects due to inclement weather; | ||
| political uncertainties in China; | ||
| changes in tax-based incentive programs; | ||
| changes in currency translation rates affecting margins and pricing levels; and availability of financing for customers. |
We base our planned operating expenses in part on our expectations of future revenue, and we
believe a significant portion of our expenses will be fixed in the short-term. If revenue for a
particular quarter is lower than we expect, we likely will be unable to proportionately reduce our
operating expenses for that quarter, which would harm our operating results for that quarter. This
may cause us to miss analysts guidance or any guidance announced by us. If we fail to meet or
exceed analyst or investor expectations or our own future guidance, even by a small amount, our
stock price could decline, perhaps substantially.
Our business strategy depends on the widespread adoption of solar power technology, and if demand
for solar power products fails to develop sufficiently, our revenues and ability to achieve or
maintain profitability could be harmed.
The market for solar power products is emerging and rapidly evolving, and its future success is
uncertain. If solar power technology proves unsuitable for widespread commercial deployment or if
demand for solar power products fails to develop sufficiently, we may not be able to generate
enough revenues to achieve and sustain profitability. The factors influencing the widespread
adoption of solar power technology include but are not limited to:
| cost-effectiveness of solar power technologies as compared with conventional and non-solar alternative energy technologies; | ||
| performance and reliability of solar power products as compared with conventional and non-solar alternative energy products; |
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| success of other alternative distributed generation technologies such as fuel cells, wind power and micro turbines; | ||
| fluctuations in economic and market conditions which impact the viability of conventional and non-solar alternative energy sources, such as increases or decreases in the prices of oil and other fossil fuels; and | ||
| availability of government subsidies and incentives. |
If we do not obtain sufficient supply of solar cells and other components and materials to conduct
our business, our revenues and operating results could suffer.
There are a limited number of solar cell suppliers. Our estimate regarding our supply needs may not
be correct and our purchase orders may be cancelled by our suppliers. If our suppliers cancel our
purchase orders or change the volume or pricing associated with these purchase orders, we may be
unable to meet existing and future customer demand for our products, which could cause us to lose
customers, market share and revenue.
Our component and materials suppliers may fail to meet our needs. We manufacture all of our solar
power products using materials and components procured from a limited number of third-party
suppliers. We do not currently have long-term supply contracts with our suppliers. This generally
serves to reduce our commitment risk but does expose us to supply risk and to price increases that
we may not be able to pass on to our customers. In some cases, supply shortages and delays in
delivery may result in curtailed production or delays in production, which could contribute to a
decrease in inventory levels and loss of profit. We expect that shortages and delays in deliveries
of some components will occur from time to time. If we are unable to obtain sufficient components
on a timely basis, we may experience manufacturing delays, which could harm our relationships with
current or prospective customers and reduce our sales. We also depend on a select number of
suppliers for certain supplies that we use in our business. If we are unable to continue to
purchase components from these limited source suppliers or are unable to identify alternative
suppliers, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected. In
addition our competitors may be able to obtain better pricing.
The execution of our growth strategy is dependent upon the continued availability of third-party
financing arrangements for our customers.
For many of our projects, our customers have entered into agreements to pay for solar energy over
an extended period of time based on energy savings generated by our solar power systems, rather
than paying us to purchase our solar power systems. For these types of projects, most of our
customers choose to purchase solar electricity under a power purchase agreement with a financing
company that purchases the system from us. These structured finance arrangements are complex and
may not be feasible in some situations. In addition, customers opting to finance a solar power
system may forgo certain tax advantages associated with an outright purchase on an accelerated
basis which may make this alternative less attractive for certain potential customers. Due to the
current global financial crisis, financing companies may be unwilling or unable to finance the cost
of our products, or if the parties that have historically provided this financing cease to do so or
only do so on terms that are substantially less favorable for us or these customers, our growth
will be adversely affected.
Subsidies provided by foreign governments may impact the supply and price of solar cells and could
make it difficult for us to compete effectively.
Several foreign countries, including Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal, provide manufacturers of
solar products with substantial subsidies to encourage their production of clean solar energy. In
many instances, these subsidies are greater than the subsidies we are able to obtain in the U.S.
for our operations, which increases the ability of solar product manufacturers in these countries
to pay more than we can pay for solar cells while still remaining profitable. If worldwide demand
for solar cells from companies located in countries with large solar subsidy programs increases,
our suppliers may increase the price they charge to purchase solar cells and allocate available
supplies of solar cells to manufacturers located in countries with higher solar subsidies than
those provided in the U.S. This risk will increase if more countries implement policies to further
subsidize solar technologies. These increased costs and supply constraints could materially and
adversely affect our results of operations and our ability to compete effectively.
As polysilicon supply increases, the corresponding increase in the global supply of solar cells and
panels may cause substantial downward pressure on the prices of our products, resulting in lower
revenues and earnings.
Because of current global financial conditions, the surplus of polysilicon has resulted in a
surplus of solar panel inventory. Decreases in polysilicon pricing and increases in solar panel
production could each result in substantial downward pressure on the price of solar
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cells and panels, including our products. Such price reductions could have a negative impact on our
revenue and earnings, and materially adversely affect our business and financial condition.
If we do not achieve satisfactory yields or quality in manufacturing our solar modules or if our
suppliers furnish us with defective solar cells, our sales could decrease and our relationships
with our customers and our reputation may be harmed.
The success of our business depends upon our ability to incorporate high quality and yield solar
cells into our products. We test the quality and yield of our solar products and the solar cells
that we incorporate into our solar products, and we source our solar cells from manufacturers we
believe are reputable. Nonetheless, our solar modules may contain defects that are not detected
until after they are shipped or are installed because we cannot test for all possible scenarios.
These defects could cause us to incur significant re-engineering costs, divert the attention of our
engineering personnel from product development efforts and significantly affect our customer
relations and business reputation. In addition, we may not be able to fulfill our purchase orders
if we purchase a large number of defective solar cells. The number of solar cells that we purchase
at any time is based upon expected demand for our products and an assumed ratio of defective to
non-defective solar cells. If this ratio is greater than expected, we may not have an adequate
number of non-defective solar cells to allow us to fulfill our purchase orders on time. If we do
not fulfill orders for our products because we have a shortage of non-defective solar cells or
deliver modules with errors or defects, or if there is a perception that these solar cells or solar
modules contain errors or defects, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our
products could be harmed.
Potential strategic acquisitions or alliances may not achieve our objectives.
We are currently exploring additional strategic acquisitions or alliances designed to enhance or
complement our technology or to work in conjunction with our technology, increase our manufacturing
capacity, provide additional know-how, components or supplies and develop, introduce and distribute
products and services utilizing our technology and know-how. If we make any acquisitions we may
assume unknown or contingent liabilities. Any future acquisitions by us also may result in
significant write-offs or the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, any of which could
harm our operating results. We may not identify or complete these transactions in a timely manner,
on a cost-effective basis, or at all. Any strategic acquisitions or alliances entered into may not
achieve our strategic objectives, and parties to our strategic acquisitions or alliances may not
perform as contemplated.
We may not be able to efficiently integrate the operations of our acquisitions, products or
technologies.
From time to time, we may acquire new and complementary technology, assets and companies. We do not
know if we will be able to complete any acquisitions or if we will be able to successfully
integrate any acquired businesses, operate them profitably or retain key employees. Integrating any
other newly acquired business, product or technology could be expensive and time-consuming, disrupt
our ongoing business and distract our management. We may face competition for acquisition targets
from larger and more established companies with greater financial resources. In addition, in order
to finance any acquisitions, we might be forced to obtain equity or debt financing on terms that
are not favorable to us and, in the case of equity financing our stockholders interests may be
diluted. If we are unable to integrate effectively any newly acquired company, product or
technology, our business, financial condition and operating results could suffer.
Failure to optimize our manufacturing potential and cost structure could materially and adversely
affect our business and operating results.
We have one manufacturing facility in China. We strive to fully utilize the manufacturing capacity
of our facility but may not do so on a consistent basis. Our factory utilization will be dependent
on predicting volatility, timing volume sales to our customers, balancing our productive resources
with product mix, and planning manufacturing services for new or other products that we intend to
produce. Demand for manufacturing of these products may not be as high as we expect, and we may
fail to realize the expected benefit from our investment in our manufacturing facilities. Our
profitability and operating results are also dependent upon a variety of other factors, including:
utilization rates of our manufacturing lines, downtime due to product changeover, impurities in raw
materials causing shutdowns, maintenance of operations and availability of power, water and labor
resources.
The reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could cause our revenue to
decline.
We believe that the growth of the market for on-grid applications, where solar power is used to
supplement a customers electricity purchased from the utility network, depends in large part on
the availability and size of government-generated economic incentives. At present, the cost
producing solar energy generally exceeds the price of electricity in the U.S. from traditional
sources. As a result, to encourage the adoption of solar technologies, the U.S. government and
numerous state governments have provided subsidies in the
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form of cost reductions, tax write-offs and other incentives to end users, distributors, systems
integrators and manufacturers of solar power products. Reduction, elimination and/or periodic
interruption of these government subsidies and economic incentives because of policy changes,
fiscal tightening or other reasons may result in the diminished competitiveness of solar energy,
and materially and adversely affect the growth of these markets and our revenues. Electric utility
companies that have significant political lobbying powers may push for a change in the relevant
legislation in our markets. The reduction or elimination of government subsidies and economic
incentives for on-grid solar energy applications, especially those in our target markets, could
cause our revenues to decline and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations. The existing Federal Investment Tax Credit was renewed with passage of
the 2008 economic stimulus package by the U.S. government. The current Federal Investment Tax
Credit allows for a 30% tax credit for both commercial and residential solar installations with no
cap and allows the credits to be monetized if it cannot be absorbed by a tax liability.
We face intense competition, and many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than
we do.
We operate in a competitive environment that is characterized by price fluctuation and
technological change. We compete with major international and domestic companies. Our major system
integrator competitors include SunPower/Powerlight, SPG Solar, Akeena Solar, Sun Edison, Global
Solar plus numerous other regional players, and other similar companies primarily located in
California and New Jersey. Manufacturing competitors include multinational corporations such as BP
Solar, Kyocera Corporation, Mitsubishi, Solar World AG, Sharp Corporation, SunPower/Powerlight and
Sanyo Corporation. More specifically, our solar power system integrator competitors who have
manufacturing facilities in Asia include SunPower/Powerlight. Some of our current and potential
competitors have greater market recognition and customer bases, longer operating histories and
substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution, purchasing, manufacturing,
personnel and other resources than we do. In addition, many of our competitors are developing and
are currently producing products based on new solar power technologies that may ultimately have
costs similar to, or lower than, our projected costs. As a result, they may be able to respond more
quickly to changing customer demands or to devote greater resources to the development, promotion
and sales of solar and solar-related products than we can.
Our business relies on sales of our solar power products and our competitors with more diversified
product offerings may be better positioned to withstand a decline in the demand for solar power
products. Some of our competitors own, partner with, have longer term or stronger relationships
with solar cell providers which could result in them being able to obtain solar cells on a more
favorable basis than us. It is possible that new competitors or alliances among existing
competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share, which would harm our
business. If we fail to compete successfully, our business would suffer and we may lose or be
unable to gain market share.
Because our industry is highly competitive and has low barriers to entry, we may lose market share
to larger companies that are better equipped to weather a deterioration in market conditions due to
increased competition.
Our industry is highly competitive and fragmented, subject to rapid change and has low barriers to
entry. We may in the future compete for potential customers with solar and HVAC systems installers
and servicers, electricians, utilities and other providers of solar power equipment or electric
power. Some of these competitors may have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing
resources and greater name recognition than we have.
We believe that our ability to compete depends in part on a number of factors outside of our
control, including:
| the ability of our competitors to hire, retain and motivate qualified personnel; | ||
| the ownership by competitors of proprietary tools to customize systems to the needs of a particular customer; | ||
| the price at which others offer comparable services and equipment; | ||
| the extent of our competitors responsiveness to customer needs; and | ||
| installation technology. |
Competition in the solar power services industry may increase in the future, partly due to low
barriers to entry, as well as from other alternative energy resources now in existence or developed
in the future. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced margins or loss of
market share and greater competition for qualified personnel. There can be no assurance that we
will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. If we are unable to
compete effectively, or if competition results in a deterioration of market conditions, our
business and results of operations would be adversely affected.
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Our growth plans depend in large part on our ability to identify, attract and retain qualified
franchisees and to manage our proposed franchise business.
We expect to grow our business through franchise partners who will establish retail operations in
defined geographic areas to market, sell and install photovoltaic systems. As a result, our future
growth will depend on our ability to attract and retain qualified franchisees, the franchisees
ability to execute our business concept, create and maintain brand recognition, develop retail
stores and to market and install our products. We may not be able to recruit franchisees who have
sufficient expertise in our business or financial resources necessary to effectively open, manage
and operate retail stores, or who will conduct operations in a manner consistent with our concept
and standards. Also, our franchisees may not be able to operate the retail stores in a profitable
manner.
Federal Trade Commission rules require us to furnish prospective franchisees with a franchise
disclosure document containing prescribed information before entering into a binding agreement or
accepting any payment for the franchise. Numerous states, including California, also have state
franchise sales or business opportunity laws which require us to add to the federal disclosure
document additional state-specific disclosures and to register our offering with a state agency
before we may offer franchises for locations in the state or to state residents. Applicable laws in
these states vest state examiners with discretion to disapprove registration applications based on
a number of factors. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining registration
in all states where we intend to operate franchises or be able to continue to comply with these
regulations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Finally, our franchise operations will be dependent upon our ability to:
| develop, maintain and enhance our brands; | ||
| maintain satisfactory relations with our franchisees; | ||
| develop consistency in installation, training and service among our franchisees; | ||
| monitor and audit the reports and payments received from franchisees; and | ||
| monitor the quality of the installations completed by our franchisees. |
A few customers account for a significant portion of our sales, and the loss of any of these could
harm our business.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, one customer contributed 47.9% of our total sales
revenue. This compares to the similar period in fiscal 2007 when three customers contributed 53%
of our total sales revenue, including one customer who contributed
34% to our revenue. The loss of these customers, without being able to replace them, could have a material adverse effect on our
performance, liquidity and prospects.
We generally do not have long-term agreements with our customers and, accordingly, could lose
customers without warning.
Our products are generally not sold pursuant to long-term agreements with customers, but instead
are sold on a purchase order basis. We typically contract to perform large projects with no
assurance of repeat business from the same customers in the future. Although cancellations on our
purchase orders to date have been insignificant, our customers may cancel or reschedule purchase
orders with us on relatively short notice. Cancellations or rescheduling of customer orders could
result in the delay or loss of anticipated sales without allowing us sufficient time to reduce, or
delay the incurrence of, our corresponding inventory and operating expenses. In addition, changes
in forecasts or the timing of orders from these or other customers expose us to the risks of
inventory shortages or excess inventory. This, in addition to the completion and non-repetition of
large systems projects, in turn could cause our operating results to fluctuate.
Decrease in construction could adversely affect our business.
During 2008, the downturn in the U.S. economy and the uncertainty of the renewal of the Federal
Investment Tax Credit caused a major reduction on our construction related revenues. While the
Federal Investment Tax Credit has been renewed and enhanced, our ability to generate revenues from
construction contracts will depend on the general and local economic conditions, changes in
interest rates, lending standards and other factors. For example, the current housing slump and
tightened credit markets have resulted in
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availability of lending facilities for large commercial projects, higher interest rates for
residential retrofits and a contracted new home construction industry.
We act as the general contractor for our customers in connection with the installations of our
solar power systems and are subject to risks associated with construction, bonding, cost overruns,
delays and other contingencies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and
results of operations.
We act as the general contractor for our customers in connection with the installation of our solar
power systems. All essential costs are estimated at the time of entering into the sales contract
for a particular project, and these are reflected in the overall price that we charge our customers
for the project. These cost estimates are preliminary and may or may not be covered by contracts
between us or the other project developers, subcontractors, suppliers and other parties to the
project. In addition, we require qualified, licensed subcontractors to install most of our systems.
Shortages of such skilled labor could significantly delay a project or otherwise increase our
costs. Should miscalculations in planning a project or defective or late execution occur, we may
not achieve our expected margins or cover our costs. Also, many systems customers require
performance bonds issued by a bonding agency. Due to the general performance risk inherent in
construction activities, it has become increasingly difficult recently to secure suitable bonding
agencies willing to provide performance bonding. In the event we are unable to obtain bonding, we
will be unable to bid on, or enter into, sales contracts requiring such bonding.
Delays in solar panel or other supply shipments, other construction delays, unexpected performance
problems in electricity generation or other events could cause us to fail to meet these performance
criteria, resulting in unanticipated and severe revenue and earnings losses and financial
penalties. Construction delays are often caused by inclement weather, failure to timely receive
necessary approvals and permits, or delays in obtaining necessary solar panels, inverters or other
materials. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations.
Existing regulations and policies of the electric utility industry and changes to these regulations
and policies may present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the purchase and use of our
products, which may significantly reduce demand for our products.
The market for electricity generating products is strongly influenced by federal, state and local
government regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry, as well as policies
promulgated by electric utilities. These regulations and policies often relate to electricity
pricing and technical interconnection of customer-owned electricity generation. In the U.S., these
regulations and policies are being modified and may continue to be modified. Customer purchases of
alternative energy sources, including solar power technology, could be deterred by these
regulations and policies, which could result in a significant reduction in the demand for our solar
power products. For example, without a regulatory-mandated exception for solar power systems,
utility customers are often charged interconnection or standby fees for putting distributed power
generation on the electric utility grid. These fees could increase the cost to our customers and
make our solar power products less desirable.
The failure to increase or restructure the net metering caps could adversely affect our business.
Currently all grid-tied photovoltaic systems are installed with cooperation by the local utility
providers under guidelines created through statewide net metering policies. These policies require
local utilities to purchase from end users excess solar electricity for a credit against their
utility bills. The amount of solar electricity that the utility is required to purchase is referred
to as a net metering cap. If these net metering caps are reached and local utilities are not
required to purchase solar power, or if the net metering caps do not increase in the locations
where we install our solar product, demand for our products could decrease. The solar industry is
currently lobbying to extend these arbitrary net metering caps, and replace them with either
notably higher numbers, or with a revised method of calculation that will allow the industry to
continue our expansion in a manner consistent with both the industry and state and federal desires.
Moreover, we anticipate that our solar power products and our installation will be subject to
oversight and regulation in accordance with national and local ordinances relating to building
codes, safety, environmental protection, utility interconnection and metering and related matters.
It is difficult to track the requirements of individual states and design equipment to comply with
the varying standards. Any new government regulations or utility policies pertaining to our solar
power products may result in significant additional expenses to us, our resellers, and our
customers and, as a result, could cause a significant reduction in demand for our solar power
products.
Compliance with environmental regulations can be expensive, and noncompliance with these
regulations may result in adverse publicity and potentially significant monetary damages and fines.
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As our manufacturing processes generate noise, wastewater, gaseous and other industrial wastes, we
are required to comply with all national and local regulations regarding protection of the
environment. If we fail to comply with present or future environmental regulations, we may be
required to pay substantial fines, suspend production or cease operations. In addition, our cost to
comply with future regulations may increase, which could adversely impact the price of our products
and our profitability.
If we do not retain key personnel, our business will suffer.
The success of our business is heavily dependent on the leadership of our key management personnel,
specifically Stephen C. Kircher. In addition, the company currently relies on Todd Lindstroms
construction experience and management for the installation of solar systems. If either of these
people were to leave us, it would be difficult to replace them, and our business may be harmed. We
will also need to retain additional highly-skilled individuals if we are to effectively grow our
business. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate
and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Competition in our industry
for qualified employees is intense, and we anticipate that certain of our competitors may directly
target our employees and officers, all of whom are at-will employees and not parties to employment
agreements with us. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to attract
new qualified employees and to retain and motivate our existing employees and officers.
The growth of our business is dependent upon sufficient capitalization.
The growth of our business depends on our ability to finance new products and services. We operate
in a rapidly changing industry. Technological advances, the introduction of new products and new
design and manufacturing techniques could adversely affect our business unless we are able to adapt
to the changing conditions. To remain competitive, we may incur additional costs in product
development, equipment, facilities and integration resources. These additional costs may result in
greater fixed costs and operating expenses. As a result, we could be required to expend substantial
funds for and commit significant resources to the following:
| research and development activities on existing and potential product solutions; | ||
| additional engineering and other technical personnel; | ||
| advanced design, production and test equipment; | ||
| manufacturing services that meet changing customer needs; | ||
| technological changes in manufacturing processes; | ||
| long cycle times for payment collection after incurring capital costs; | ||
| manufacturing capacity; and | ||
| developing a franchise network. |
We generally recognize revenue on system installations on a percentage of completion basis and
payments are due upon the achievement of contractual milestones and any delay or cancellation of a
project could adversely affect our business.
We recognize revenue on our system installations on a percentage of completion basis and, as a
result, our revenue from these installations is driven by the performance of our contractual
obligations, which is generally driven by timelines for the installation of our solar power systems
at customer sites. This could result in unpredictability of revenue and, in the near term, a
revenue decrease. As with any project-related business, there is the potential for delays within
any particular customer project. Variation of project timelines and estimates may impact our
ability to recognize revenue in a particular period. In addition, certain customer contracts may
include payment milestones due at specified points during a project. Because we must invest
substantial time and incur significant expense in advance of achieving milestones and the receipt
of payment, failure to achieve milestones could adversely affect our business and results of
operations.
We are subject to particularly lengthy sales cycles in some markets.
Our focus on developing a customer base that requires our solar power products means that it may
take longer to develop strong customer relationships or partnerships. Moreover, factors specific to
certain industries also have an impact on our sales cycles. Some of our customers may have longer
sales cycles that could occur due to the timing of various state and federal subsidies. These
lengthy
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and challenging sales cycles may mean that it could take longer before our sales and
marketing efforts result in revenue, if at all, and may have adverse effects on our operating
results, financial condition, cash flows and stock price.
Products we manufacture for third parties may contain design or manufacturing defects, which could
result in customer claims.
We often manufacture products to our customers requirements, which can be highly complex and may
at times contain design or manufacturing failures. Any defects in the products we manufacture,
whether caused by a design, manufacturing or component failure
or error, may result in returns, claims, delayed shipments to customers or reduced or cancelled
customer orders. If these defects occur, we will incur additional costs and if in large quantity or
too frequent, we may sustain loss of business, loss of reputation and may incur liability.
We may not be able to prevent others from using our trademarks in connection with our solar power
products, which could adversely affect the market recognition of our brand names and our revenue.
We have filed applications to register the following trademarks related to our franchise business:
Yes! Solar Solutions, Yes! Energy Series and Yes! Independence Series (the Marks) for use with
our solar power products. There is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining such marks.
In addition, if someone else has already established trademark rights in the Marks, we may face
trademark disputes and may have to market our products with other trademarks, which also could hurt
our marketing efforts. Furthermore, we may encounter trademark disputes with companies using marks
which are confusingly similar to our Marks which if not resolved favorably could cause our branding
efforts to suffer. Trademark litigation carries an inherent risk and we cannot guarantee we will be
successful in this type of litigation. In addition, we may have difficulty in establishing strong
brand recognition with consumers if others use similar marks for similar products.
Our SkyMountTM racking system is untested and may not be effective or patentable or may
encounter other unexpected problems, which could adversely affect our business and results of
operations.
Our SkyMountTM racking system is new and has not been tested in installation settings
for a sufficient period of time to prove its long-term effectiveness and benefits. The
SkyMountTM racking system may not be effective or other problems may occur that are
unexpected and could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations. While
we anticipate filing a patent application for our SkyMountTM racking system technology,
a patent may not be issued on such technology or we may not be able to realize the benefits from
any patent that is issued.
Our competitive position depends in part on maintaining intellectual property protection.
Our ability to compete and to achieve and maintain profitability depends in part on our ability to
protect our proprietary discoveries and technologies. We currently rely on a combination of
copyrights, trademarks, trade secret laws and confidentiality agreements, to protect our
intellectual property rights. We also rely upon unpatented know-how and continuing technological
innovation to develop and maintain our competitive position.
From time to time, the United States Supreme Court, other federal courts, the U.S. Congress or the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office may change the standards of patentability and any such changes
could have a negative impact on our business.
We may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to
defend and could result in our loss of significant rights and the assessment of damages.
If we receive notice of claims of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of other parties
proprietary rights, some of these claims could lead to litigation. We cannot assure you that we
will prevail in these actions, or that other actions alleging misappropriation or misuse by us of
third-party trade secrets, infringement by us of third-party patents and trademarks or the validity
of our patents, will not be asserted or prosecuted against us. We may also initiate claims to
defend our intellectual property rights. Intellectual property litigation, regardless of outcome,
is expensive and time-consuming, could divert managements attention from our business and have a
material negative effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. If there is a
successful claim of infringement against us, we may be required to pay substantial damages
(including treble damages if we were to be found to have willfully infringed a third partys
patent) to the party claiming infringement, develop non-infringing technology, stop selling our
products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property or enter
into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable or commercially
practical terms, if at all. Our failure to develop non-infringing technologies or license the
proprietary rights on a timely basis could harm our business. Parties making infringement claims on
future issued patents may be able to obtain an
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injunction that would prevent us from selling our
products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property, which
could harm our business.
We are exposed to risks associated with product liability claims in the event that the use or
installation of our products results in injury or damage, and we have limited insurance coverage to
protect against such claims and those losses resulting from business interruptions or natural
disasters.
Since our products are electricity-producing devices, it is possible that users could be injured or
killed by our products, whether by product malfunctions, defects, improper installation or other
causes. As a manufacturer, distributor, and installer of products that are
used by consumers, we face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims or class action
suits in the event that the use of the solar power products we sell or install results in injury or
damage. We commenced commercial shipment of our solar modules in 2007 and, due to our limited
historical experience; we are unable to predict whether product liability claims will be brought
against us in the future or the effect of any resulting adverse publicity on our business.
Moreover, to the extent that a claim is brought against us we may not have adequate resources in
the event of a successful claim against us. We rely on our general liability insurance to cover
product liability claims and have not obtained separate product liability insurance. The successful
assertion of product liability claims against us could result in potentially significant monetary
damages and, if our insurance protection is inadequate, could require us to make significant
payments which could have a materially adverse effect on our financial results. Any business
disruption or natural disaster could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
Since we cannot test our solar panels for the duration of our standard 20-year warranty period, we
may be subject to unexpected warranty expense; if we are subject to warranty and product liability
claims, such claims could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The possibility of future product failures could cause us to incur substantial expense to repair or
replace defective products. We have agreed to indemnify our customers and our distributors in some
circumstances against liability from defects in our solar cells. A successful indemnification claim
against us could require us to make significant damage payments, which would negatively affect our
financial results.
Our current standard product warranty for our solar panel systems include a 10-year warranty period
for defects in materials and workmanship and a 20-year warranty period for declines in power
performance. We believe our warranty periods are consistent with industry practice. Due to the long
warranty period, we bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have shipped product
and recognized revenue. We have sold solar panels since September 2007. Any increase in the defect
rate of our products would cause us to increase the amount of warranty reserves and have a
corresponding negative impact on our results. Although we conduct accelerated testing of our solar
panels, our solar panels have not and cannot be tested in an environment simulating the 20-year
warranty period. As a result of the foregoing, we may be subject to unexpected warranty expense,
which in turn would harm our financial results.
Like other retailers, distributors and manufacturers of products that are used by consumers, we
face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of the
solar power products into which our solar panels are incorporated results in injury. We may be
subject to warranty and product liability claims in the event that our solar power systems fail to
perform as expected or if a failure of our solar power systems results, or is alleged to result, in
bodily injury, property damage or other damages. Since our solar power products are electricity
producing devices, it is possible that our products could result in injury, whether by product
malfunctions, defects, improper installation or other causes. In addition, since we only began
selling our solar panels in late 2007 and the products we are developing incorporate new
technologies and use new installation methods, we cannot predict whether or not product liability
claims will be brought against us in the future or the effect of any resulting negative publicity
on our business. Moreover, we may not have adequate resources in the event of a successful claim
against us. We have evaluated the potential risks we face and believe that we have appropriate
levels of insurance for product liability claims. We rely on our general liability insurance to
cover product liability claims and have not obtained separate product liability insurance. However,
a successful warranty or product liability claim against us that is not covered by insurance or is
in excess of our available insurance limits could require us to make significant payments of
damages. In addition, quality issues can have various other ramifications, including delays in the
recognition of revenue, loss of revenue, loss of future sales opportunities, increased costs
associated with repairing or replacing products, and a negative impact on our goodwill and
reputation, which could also adversely affect our business and operating results.
Warranty and product liability claims may result from defects or quality issues in certain
third-party technology and components that we incorporate into our solar power systems,
particularly solar cells and panels, over which we have no control. While our agreements with our
suppliers generally include warranties, those provisions may not fully compensate us for any loss
associated with third-party
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claims caused by defects or quality issues in these products. In the
event we seek recourse through warranties, we will also be dependent on the creditworthiness and
continued existence of these suppliers.
We offer the industry standard of 20 years for our solar modules and industry standard five (5)
years or inverters and balance of system components. Due to the warranty period, we bear the risk
of extensive warranty claims long after we have completed a project and recognized revenues. Future
product failures could cause us to incur substantial expenses to repair or replace defective
products. While we generally pass through manufacturer warranties we receive from our suppliers to
our customers, we are responsible for repairing or replacing any defective parts during our
warranty period, often including those covered by manufacturers warranties. If the manufacturer
disputes or otherwise fails to honor its warranty obligations, we may be required to incur
substantial costs before we are compensated, if at all, by the manufacturer. Additionally, in
September 2007 we began installing our own manufactured solar
panels where the warranty responsibility will be borne by us. Furthermore, our warranties may
exceed the period of any warranties from our suppliers covering components included in our systems,
such as inverters.
Our failure to raise additional capital or generate the significant capital necessary to expand our
operations and invest in new products could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our
business.
We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents, together with collections of our accounts
receivable and cash flows from operations in 2009, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash
needs for at least the next twelve months. However, the timing and amount of our working capital
and capital expenditure requirements may vary significantly depending on numerous factors,
including:
| the level and timing of product revenues; | ||
| the costs and timing of expansion of product development efforts and the success of these development efforts; | ||
| the extent to which our existing and new products gain market acceptance; | ||
| the costs and timing of expansion of sales and marketing activities; | ||
| competing technological and marketing developments; | ||
| the extent of international operations; | ||
| the need to adapt to changing technologies and technical requirements; | ||
| the existence of opportunities for expansion and for acquisitions of, investments in, complementary businesses, technologies or product lines; and | ||
| access to and availability of sufficient management, technical, marketing and financial personnel. |
We may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all. If we raise
additional equity financing, our shareholders may experience significant dilution of their
ownership interests and the-per share value of our common stock could decline. If we engage in debt
financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional
indebtedness and force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios, any of which could harm
our business, operating results and financial condition. If we need additional capital and cannot
raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able to, among other things:
| develop or enhance our products and services; | ||
| continue to expand our product development sales and marketing organizations; | ||
| acquire complementary technologies, products or businesses; | ||
| expand operations, in the United States or internationally; | ||
| hire, train and retain employees; or | ||
| respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated working capital requirements. |
Our failure to do any of these things could seriously harm our business, operating results and
financial condition.
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We must effectively manage our growth.
Failure to manage our growth effectively could adversely affect our operations. We may increase the
number of our manufacturing facilities and products and may plan to expand further the number and
diversity of our products in the future and may further increase the number of locations from which
we manufacture and sell. Our ability to manage our planned growth will depend substantially on our
ability to:
| enhance our operational, financial and management systems; | ||
| maintain adequate capital resources to pay our production costs before our customers pay us; | ||
| expand usage of our facilities and equipment; | ||
| successfully integrate our franchise operations while effectively managing our related expenses; and | ||
| successfully hire, train and motivate additional employees, including the technical personnel necessary to operate our production facilities and staff our installation teams. |
An expansion and diversification of our product range, manufacturing and sales and franchise
locations and customer base may result in increases in our overhead and selling expenses. We may
also be required to increase staffing and other expenses as well as our expenditures on plant,
equipment and property in order to meet the anticipated demand of our customers. Any increase in
expenditures in anticipation of future orders that do not materialize would adversely affect our
profitability. Customers may require rapid increases in design and production services that place
an excessive short-term burden on our resources.
We may not be able to increase or sustain our recent growth rate, and we may not be able to manage
our future growth effectively.
We may not be able to continue to expand our business or manage future growth. To do so will
require successful execution of expanding our existing manufacturing facilities, developing new
manufacturing facilities, ensuring delivery of adequate solar cells, developing more efficient
solar power systems, maintaining adequate liquidity and financial resources, and continuing to
increase our revenues from operations. Expanding our manufacturing facilities or developing
facilities may be delayed by difficulties such as unavailability of equipment or supplies or
equipment malfunction. Ensuring delivery of adequate solar cells is subject to many market risks
including scarcity, significant price fluctuations and competition. Maintaining adequate liquidity
is dependent upon a variety of factors including continued revenues from operations and compliance
with our indentures and credit agreements. If we are unsuccessful in any of these areas, we may not
be able to achieve our growth strategy and increase production capacity as planned during the
foreseeable future.
Our recent expansion has placed, and our planned expansion and any other future expansion will
continue to place, a significant strain on our management, personnel, systems and resources. We
plan to purchase additional equipment to significantly expand our manufacturing capacity and to
hire additional employees to support an increase in manufacturing, research and development and our
sales and marketing efforts. We anticipate that we will need to hire a significant number of highly
skilled technical, manufacturing, sales, marketing, administrative and accounting personnel. The
competition for qualified personnel is intense in our industry. We may not be successful in
attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of qualified personnel to support our anticipated
growth. To successfully manage our growth and handle the responsibilities of being a public
company, we believe we must effectively:
| hire, train, integrate and manage additional qualified engineers for research and development activities, sales and marketing personnel, and financial and information technology personnel; | ||
| retain key management and augment our management team, particularly if we lose key members; | ||
| continue to enhance our customer resource management and manufacturing management systems; | ||
| implement and improve additional and existing administrative, financial and operations systems, procedures and controls, including the need to update and integrate our financial internal control systems as well as our ERP system in our China facility with those of our Roseville, California headquarters; |
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| expand and upgrade our technological capabilities; and | ||
| manage multiple relationships with our customers, suppliers and other third parties. |
We may encounter difficulties in effectively managing the budgeting, forecasting and other process
control issues presented by rapid growth. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may
not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, develop new solar modules and other
products, satisfy customer requirements, execute our business plan or respond to competitive
pressures.
We may be unable to achieve our goal of reducing the cost of installed solar systems, which may
negatively impact our ability to sell our products in a competitive environment, resulting in lower
revenues, gross margins and earnings.
To reduce the cost of installed solar systems, as compared against the current cost, we will have
to achieve cost savings across the entire value chain from designing to manufacturing to
distributing to selling and ultimately to installing solar systems. We have identified specific
areas of potential savings and are pursuing targeted goals. However, such cost savings are
especially dependent upon decreasing silicon prices and lowering manufacturing costs. Additionally,
we are increasing production capacity at our existing manufacturing facilities while seeking to
improve efficiencies. We also expect to develop additional manufacturing capacity. As a result, we
expect these improvements will decrease our per unit production costs. However, if we are
unsuccessful in our efforts to lower the cost of installed solar systems, our revenues, gross
margins and earnings may be negatively impacted in the competitive environment and particularly in
the event that governmental and fiscal incentives are reduced or an increase in the global supply
of solar cells and solar panels causes substantial downward pressure on prices of our products.
Failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
We are required to document and test our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the
requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires annual management assessments
of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for our fiscal year ended
December 31, 2008 and a report by our independent registered public accounting firm that attests to
the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our fiscal year
ending December 31, 2009. Testing and maintaining internal control can divert our managements
attention from other matters that are important to our business. We expect to incur increased
expense and to devote additional management resources to Section 404 compliance. We may not be able
to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in
accordance with Section 404 or our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able or
willing to issue an unqualified report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting. If we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective, we
cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and remediation actions
or their effect on our operations since there is presently no precedent available by which to
measure compliance adequacy. If either we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal
control over financial reporting or our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to
provide us with an unqualified report, then investors could lose confidence in our reported
financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.
Risks Related to Operations in China
We are dependent on our Chinese manufacturing operations.
Our current manufacturing operations are located in China and our sales and administrative offices
are in the U.S. The geographical distances between these facilities create a number of logistical
and communications challenges. In addition, because of the location of the manufacturing facilities
in China, we could be affected by economic and political instability there, including problems
related to labor unrest, lack of developed infrastructure, variances in payment cycles, currency
fluctuations, overlapping taxes and multiple taxation issues, employment and severance taxes,
compliance with local laws and regulatory requirements, and the burdens of cost and compliance with
a variety of foreign laws. Moreover, inadequate development or maintenance of infrastructure in
China, including adequate power and water supplies, transportation, raw materials availability or
the deterioration in the general political, economic or social environment could make it difficult,
more expensive and possibly prohibitive to continue to operate our manufacturing facilities in
China.
We may not be able to retain, recruit and train adequate management and production personnel.
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Our continued operations are dependent upon our ability to identify, recruit and retain adequate
management and production personnel in China. We require trained graduates of varying levels and
experience and a flexible work force of semi-skilled operators. Many of our current employees come
from the more remote regions of China as they are attracted by the wage differential and prospects
afforded by our operations. With the growth currently being experienced in China and competing
opportunities for our personnel, there can be no guarantee that a favorable employment climate will
continue and that wage rates where we manufacture our products in China will continue to be
internationally competitive.
The Chinese government could change its policies toward, or even nationalize, private enterprise,
which could harm our operations.
All of our manufacturing is conducted in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition,
results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal
developments in China. Over the past several years, the Chinese government has pursued economic
reform policies, including the encouragement of private economic activities and decentralization of
economic regulation. The Chinese government may not continue to pursue these policies or may
significantly alter them to our detriment from
time to time without notice. Changes in policies by the Chinese government resulting in changes in
laws or regulations, our interpretation of laws or regulations, or the imposition of confiscatory
taxation, restrictions on currency conversion or imports and sources of supply could materially and
adversely affect our business and operating results. The nationalization or other expropriation of
private enterprises by the Chinese government could result in the total loss of our investment in
China.
Our results could be harmed if compliance with new environmental regulations becomes too
burdensome.
Our manufacturing processes may result in the creation of small amounts of hazardous and/or toxic
wastes, including various gases, epoxies, inks, solvents and other organic wastes. We are subject
to Chinese governmental regulations related to the use, storage and disposal of such hazardous
wastes. The amounts of our hazardous waste may increase in the future as our manufacturing
operations increase, and therefore, our cost of compliance is likely to increase. In addition,
sewage produced by dormitory facilities which house our labor force is coming under greater
environmental legislation. Although we believe we are operating in compliance with applicable
environmental laws, there is no assurance that we will be in compliance consistently as such laws
and regulations, or our interpretation and implementation, change. Failure to comply with
environmental regulation could result in the imposition of fines, suspension or halting of
production or closure of manufacturing operations. Additionally, we may incur substantial costs to
comply with future regulations, which could adversely impact our results of operations.
The Chinese legal system has inherent uncertainties that could materially and adversely impact our
ability to enforce the agreements governing our operations.
We conduct our manufacturing through our wholly owned Chinese subsidiary, IAS Electronics
(Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. We lease the actual factory. The performance of the agreements and the
operations of our factory are dependent on our relationship with the local government. Our
operations and prospects would be materially and adversely affected by the failure of the local
government to honor our agreements or an adverse change in the laws governing us. In the event of a
dispute, enforcement of these agreements could be difficult in China. China tends to issue
legislation which is subsequently followed by implementing regulations, interpretations and
guidelines that can render immediate compliance difficult. Similarly, on occasion, conflicts are
introduced between national legislation and implementation by the provinces that take time to
reconcile. These factors can present difficulties in our compliance. Unlike the U.S., China has a
civil law system based on written statutes in which judicial decisions have limited precedential
value. The Chinese government has enacted laws and regulations to deal with economic matters such
as corporate organization and governance, foreign investment, commerce, taxation and trade.
However, the Chinese government experience in implementing, interpreting and enforcing these laws
and regulations is limited, and our ability to enforce commercial claims or to resolve commercial
disputes is therefore unpredictable. These matters may be subject to the exercise of considerable
discretion by agencies of the Chinese government, and forces and factors unrelated to the legal
merits of a particular matter or dispute may influence our determination, which may limit legal
protections available to us. In addition, any litigation in China may result in substantial costs
and diversion of resources and management attention.
Because our operations are international, we are subject to significant worldwide political,
economic, legal and other uncertainties.
We are incorporated in the United States and have subsidiaries in the U.S., Hong Kong S.A.R. and
the Peoples Republic of China. Because we manufacture all of our products in China, substantially
all of the net book value of our fixed assets is located there. Although we currently sell our
products only to customers in the U.S., we may sell our products to customers located outside of
the U.S. in the future. Protectionist trade legislation in the U.S. or foreign countries, such as a
change in export or import legislation, tariff
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or duty structures, or other trade policies, could
adversely affect our ability to sell products in these markets, or even to purchase raw materials
or equipment from foreign suppliers. Moreover, we are subject to a variety of U.S. laws and
regulations, changes to which may affect our ability to transact business with non-U.S. customers
or in certain product categories.
We are also subject to numerous national, state and local governmental regulations, including
environmental, labor, waste management, health and safety matters and product specifications. We
are subject to laws and regulations governing our relationship with our employees, including: wage
and hour requirements, working and safety conditions, citizenship requirements, work permits and
travel restrictions. These include local labor laws and regulations, which may require substantial
resources for compliance. We are subject to significant government regulation with regard to
property ownership and use in connection with our leased facility in China, import restrictions,
currency restrictions and restrictions on the volume of domestic sales and other areas of
regulation, all of which impact our profits and operating results.
We are exposed to the limit of the availability and price of electricity.
The primary energy supply to our operations in China is electricity from the local power company.
There is not an extensive and resilient connection to a national or regional power grid. Thus, we
may be exposed to power outages and shut downs which our standby generators would only partially
mitigate. Fluctuations in world oil prices and supply could affect our supply and cost of
electricity. The electricity producers that supply us with electricity in our facility in China
generate their electricity from oil, and our back-up generators create electricity from diesel
fuel. Accordingly, fluctuations in world oil product prices and supply could affect our supply and
cost of electricity at our manufacturing facilities.
We face risks associated with international trade and currency exchange.
We transact business in a variety of currencies including the U.S. dollar and the Chinese Yuan
Renminbi, or RMB. Although we make all sales in U.S. dollars, we incur approximately 20% of our
operating expenses, such as payroll, land rent, electrical power and other costs associated with
running our facilities in China, in RMB. Changes in exchange rates would affect the value of
deposits of currencies we hold. In July 2005 the Chinese government announced that the RMB would be
pegged to a basket of currencies, making it possible for the RMB to rise and fall relative to the
U.S. dollar. We do not currently hedge against exposure to currencies. We cannot predict with
certainty future exchange rates and thus their impact on our operating results. We do not have any
long-term debt valued in RMB. Movements between the U.S. dollar and the RMB could have a material
impact on our profitability.
Changes to Chinese tax incentives and heightened efforts by the Chinese tax authorities to increase
revenues could subject us to greater taxes.
Under applicable Chinese law, we have been afforded profits tax concessions by Chinese tax
authorities on our operations in China for specific periods of time, which has lowered our cost of
operations in China. However, the Chinese tax system is subject to substantial uncertainties with
respect to interpretation and enforcement. Recently, the Chinese government has attempted to
augment its revenues through heightened tax collection efforts. Continued efforts by the Chinese
government to increase tax revenues could result in revisions to or changes to tax incentives or
new interpretations by the Chinese government of the tax benefits we should be receiving currently,
which could increase our future tax liabilities or deny us expected concessions or refunds.
Future outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome or other communicable diseases may have a
negative impact on our business and operating results.
In 2003, several economies in Asia, including China, where our operations are located, were
affected by the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. Although there have been no
recent outbreaks of SARS or other communicable diseases, if there is a recurrence of an outbreak of
SARS, or similar infectious or contagious diseases such as avian flu, it could adversely affect our
business and operating results. For example, a future SARS outbreak could result in quarantines or
closure to our factory, and our operations could be seriously disrupted as the majority of our work
force is housed in one dormitory. In addition, an outbreak could negatively affect the willingness
of our customers, suppliers and managers to visit our facilities.
Risks Related to our Common Stock
We have not paid and are unlikely to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock and may not pay cash dividends in the
future. Instead, we intend to apply earnings, if any, to the expansion and development of the
business. Thus, the liquidity of your investment is dependent upon active trading of our stock in
the market.
Any future financings and subsequent registration of common stock for resale will result in a
significant number of shares of our common stock available for sale, and such sales could depress
our common stock price. Further, no assurances can be given that we will not issue additional
shares which will have the effect of diluting the equity interest of current investors. Moreover,
sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock in any future public market could adversely
affect the market price of our common stock and make it more difficult to sell shares of common
stock at times and prices that either you or we determine to be appropriate.
We expect our stock price to be volatile.
Should a public market develop, the trading price of our common stock is likely to be highly
volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, many of
which are beyond our control, including:
| the depth and liquidity of the market for the common stock; | ||
| developments generally affecting the energy industry; | ||
| investor perceptions of the business; | ||
| changes in securities analysts expectations or our failure to meet those expectations; | ||
| actions by institutional or other large stockholders; | ||
| terrorist acts; | ||
| actual or anticipated fluctuations in results of operations; | ||
| announcements of technological innovations or significant contracts by us or our competitors; | ||
| introduction of new products by us or our competitors; | ||
| our sale of common stock or other securities in the future; | ||
| changes in market valuation or earnings of our competitors; | ||
| changes in the estimation of the future size and growth rate of the markets; | ||
| results of operations and financial performance; and | ||
| general economic, industry and market conditions. |
In addition, the stock market in general often experiences substantial volatility that is seemingly
unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may
adversely affect the trading price of our common stock, should a public market develop.
Any sale of a substantial amount of our stock could cause our stock price to drop.
As part of the terms of private placements, we registered for resale approximately 26,056,825
shares of our common stock, including 2,289,580 shares underlying warrants, with the SEC,
representing approximately 69% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008. Gerald
Moore beneficially owns approximately 2,787,031, or approximately 7.4% of the issued and
outstanding shares of our common stock. None of these shareholders are obligated to retain our
shares. Any sale by these or other holders of a substantial amount of common stock in any future
public market, or the perception that such a sale could occur, could have an adverse effect on the
market price of our common stock. Such an effect could be magnified if our stock is relatively
thinly traded.
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There may not be an active public market for our common stock in the near term and you may have to
hold your common stock for an indefinite period of time.
Although our common stock is trading on the OTC Bulletin Board, there currently is a limited
trading market for the common stock, and we cannot assure you that any market will further develop
or be sustained. Because our common stock is expected to be thinly traded, you cannot expect to be
able to liquidate your investment in case of an emergency or if you otherwise desire to do so. It
may be difficult for you to resell a large number of your shares of common stock in a short period
of time or at or above their purchase price.
Our stock may be governed by the penny stock rules, which impose additional requirements on
broker-dealers who make transactions in our stock.
SEC rules require a broker-dealer to provide certain information to purchasers of securities traded
at less than $5.00, which are not traded on a national securities exchange or quoted on The NASDAQ
Stock Market. Since our common stock is not currently traded on an exchange, if the future
trading price of our common stock is less than $5.00 per share, our common stock will be considered
a penny stock, and trading in our common stock will be subject to the requirements of Rule 15g-9
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Penny Stock Rules). The Penny Stock Rules require
a broker-dealer to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC that
provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock
market. The broker-dealer must also give bid and offer quotations and broker and salesperson
compensation information to the prospective investor orally or in writing before or with the
confirmation of the transaction. In addition, the Penny Stock Rules require a broker-dealer to
make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the
purchaser and receive the purchasers written agreement to the transaction before a transaction in
a penny stock. These requirements may severely limit the liquidity of securities in the secondary
market because few broker-dealers may be likely to undertake these compliance activities.
Therefore, unless an exemption is available from the Penny Stock Rules, the disclosure requirements
under the Penny Stock Rules may have the effect of reducing trading activity in our common stock,
which may make it more difficult for investors to sell.
Our shareholders may experience future dilution.
Our charter permits our board of directors, without shareholder approval, to authorize shares of
preferred stock. The board of directors may classify or reclassify any preferred stock to set the
preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares, including the
issuance of shares of preferred stock that have preference rights over the common stock with
respect to dividends, liquidation, voting and other matters or shares of common stock having
special voting rights. Further, substantially all shares of common stock for which our outstanding
stock options are exercisable are, once they have been purchased, eligible for immediate sale in
the public market.
The issuance of additional shares of our capital stock or the exercise of stock options or warrants
could be substantially dilutive to your shares and may negatively affect the market price of our
common stock.
If we do not meet the listing standards established by The NASDAQ Stock Market or other similar
markets, our common stock may not become listed for trading on one of those markets.
As soon as reasonably practicable, we intend to apply to list our common stock for trading on The
NASDAQ Stock Market, on either the NASDAQ Global Market tier or The NASDAQ Capital Market tier. The
NASDAQ Stock Market has established certain quantitative criteria and qualitative standards that
companies must meet in order to become and remain listed for trading on these markets. We cannot
guarantee that we will be able to meet all necessary requirements for listing; therefore, we cannot
guarantee that our common stock will be listed for trading on The NASDAQ Stock Market or other
similar markets.
ITEM 2 PROPERTIES
Our manufacturing facilities consist of 123,784 square feet, including 101,104 square feet of
factories and 23,680 square feet of dorms, situated in an industrial suburb of Shenzhen, Southern
China known as Long Gang. Only the state may own land in China. Therefore, we lease the land under
our facilities, and our lease agreement gives us the right to use the land until July 31, 2009 at
an annual rent of $193,350. We have an option to renew this lease for 3 additional years on the
same terms.
Our corporate headquarters are located in Roseville, California in a space of approximately
19,000 square feet. The five year lease commenced on August 1, 2007 and expires in July 2012. The
rent is currently $342,972 per year for the first year, $351,540 for the second year, $360,336 for
the third year, $369,336 for the fourth year and $378,576 for the remainder of the lease. The
Company has an option to renew for an additional five years.
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ITEM 3 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not a party to any pending legal proceeding. In the normal course of operations, we may
have disagreements or disputes with employees, vendors or customers. These disputes are seen by our
management as a normal part of business especially in the construction industry, and there are no
pending actions currently or no threatened actions that management believes would have a
significant material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 4 SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
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PART II
ITEM 5 MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES
OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
Our common stock began trading on the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) under the symbol
SOPW.OB on September 25, 2007. The quarterly high and low bid information in U.S. dollars on the
OTCBB of our common shares during the periods indicated are as follows:
High Bid | Low Bid | |||||||
Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2008 |
||||||||
Fourth Quarter to December 31, 2008
|
$ | 1.43 | $ | 0.41 | ||||
Third Quarter to September 30, 2008
|
$ | 1.72 | $ | 1.04 | ||||
Second Quarter to June 30, 2008
|
$ | 1.80 | $ | 1.05 | ||||
First Quarter to March 31, 2008
|
$ | 4.44 | $ | 0.95 | ||||
Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2007 |
||||||||
Fourth Quarter to December 31, 2007
|
$ | 4.65 | $ | 2.65 | ||||
From September 25, 2007 to September 30, 2007
|
$ | 5.00 | $ | 2.83 |
These Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board bid quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without
retail mark-up, mark-down or commission and may not represent actual transactions. On December 31,
2008 and 2007, the last reported sale price for our common stock was $0.47 and $3.80 per share,
respectively.
We registered 18,753,334 shares of our common stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended for sale to certain stockholders who also hold certain registration rights, including
800,000 shares of our common stock that are issuable upon the exercise of an outstanding warrant by
our placement agent, Roth Capital Partners, LLC. The shares were registered on Form SB-2 with the
SEC effective September 14, 2007.
We registered 7,303,491 shares of our common stock under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended for sale to certain stockholders who also hold certain registration rights, including
1,489,580 shares of our common stock that are issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants.
The outstanding warrants included 135,417 issued to our placement agent, Needham & Company, LLC.
The shares and underlying warrants were registered on Form SB-2 effective with the SEC on January
22, 2008.
Stockholders
As of March 12, 2009 we had approximately 235 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends
We have paid no dividends on our common stock since our inception and may not do so in the
future.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
On August 28, 2008, the Company issued 6,000 shares of its common stock pursuant to a
resolution of the Companys Board of Directors, on August 20, 2008, as a gift to the children of a
deceased employee. The shares were fair-valued at $1.30, the closing price of the Companys common
stock on August 20, 2008 and the Company recorded approximately $8,000 in expense related to this
transaction.
On June 4, 2008, in connection with consulting services, we issued to Janice Lin 10,000 shares
of our common stock fair-valued at $1.50 per share.
On December 20, 2007, in connection with our private placement of 4,513,911 shares of our
common stock, we issued to the participants in the private placement warrants to purchase 1,354,163
shares of our common stock at $3.90 per share until December 20, 2012 and for services provided by
Needham & Company, LLC we issued a warrant to purchase 135,417 shares of our common stock at $3.90
per share until December 20, 2012.
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On September 1, 2007, in connection with consulting services provided to the Company we issued
to Steven Kay a warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of our common stock at $1.00 until September 1,
2012. This warrant was exercised by payment of $50,000 to the Company and 50,000 shares of the
Companys common stock were issued on November 26, 2007
On August 2007, we issued 42,500 shares of our common stock in settlement of an obligation. The shares were fair-valued at $1.00.
On August 30, 2007, in settlement of an obligation, we issued the share holders of Sundance
Technologies warrants to purchase 76,722 shares of our common stock at $1.00 until August 30, 2012.
On April 9, 2007, we completed a private placement of 500,000 shares of common stock at a
purchase price of $1.00 per share to a foreign accredited investor.
On February 15, 2007, we issued 31,435 shares of our common stock in settlement of an
obligation. The shares were fair-valued at $1.00.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
On November 15, 2006, subject to approval of the Stockholders, the Company adopted the 2006
Equity Incentive Plan reserving nine percent of the outstanding shares of common stock of the
Company (2006 Plan). On February 7, 2007, our stockholders approved the 2006 Plan reserving nine
percent of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company pursuant to the Definitive Proxy
on Schedule 14C filed with the Commission on January 22, 2007.
As of December 31, 2008, we have outstanding 2,156,900 service-based and 200,000
performance-based stock options to purchase shares of our common stock issued under the 2006 Plan.
The service-based and performance-based options have an exercise price from $1.00 to $3.45 and are
subject to vesting schedules and terms. As of December 31, 2008, we had 2,670,267 service-based,
performance-based options and restricted stock awards outstanding. The following table provides
aggregate information as of December 31, 2008 with respect to all compensation plans (including
individual compensation arrangements) under which equity securities are authorized for issuance.
(a) Number of | Number of securities | |||||||||||
securities to be | remaining available for | |||||||||||
issued upon | future issuance under | |||||||||||
exercise of | Weighted-average | equity compensation | ||||||||||
of outstanding | exercise price of | plans (excluding | ||||||||||
options, warrants | outstanding options, | securities reflected | ||||||||||
Plan Category | and rights | warrants and rights | in column (a)) | |||||||||
Equity Compensation Plans approved by security holders |
2,356,900 | $ | 1.28 | 1,408,578 | (1) | |||||||
Equity Compensation Plans not approved by security
holders |
| |||||||||||
Total |
2,356,900 | $ | 1.28 | 1,408,578 | (1) |
(1) | Includes number of shares of common stock reserved under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the Equity Plan) as of December 31, 2008, which reserves 9% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company. |
Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities
None
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ITEM 7 MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion highlights what we believe are the principal factors that have
affected our financial condition and results of operations as well as our liquidity and capital
resources for the periods described. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our
financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. This discussion
contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as
expects, plans, will, may, anticipates, believes, should, intends, estimates and
other words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by
these forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the
risks described in Part I on page 3 of this Annual Report, and the risks described in Item 1A
above.
The following discussion is presented on a consolidated basis, and analyzes our financial
condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Unless the context indicates or suggests otherwise reference to we, our, us and the
Company in this section refers to the consolidated operations of Solar Power, Inc., a California
corporation, DRCI and Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) on a
post-Reincorporation basis, and references to SPI-Nevada refers to Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada
corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) prior to the Merger and Reincorporation.
Overview
We manufacture photovoltaic panels or modules and balance of system components in our
Shenzhen, China manufacturing facility. We sell these products through three distinct sales
channels; 1) direct product sales to international markets, 2) our
own use in building commercial and residential solar projects in the U.S., and 3) it is our intent to sell our products to a network of franchisees
who will serve the U.S. residential market through our wholly-owned franchise company Yes! Solar,
Inc. In addition to our solar revenue, we generate revenue from our legacy cable, wire and
mechanical assemblies segment. Our cable wire and mechanical assembly products are also
manufactured in our China facility and sold into the transportation and telecommunications markets.
Currently, the factory has an annual production capacity of approximately 50 megawatts of
photovoltaic solar modules and balance of system products. The un-utilized capacity is being
reserved for photovoltaic module and balance of system expansion.
Our business is conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, SPIC, Inc. (SPIC), Yes!
Solar, Inc. (YES), Yes! Construction Services, Inc. (YCS), International Assembly Solutions
Limited (a Hong Kong company) (IASHK) and IAS Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (IAS Shenzhen).
SPIC and YCS are engaged in the business of design, sales and installation of photovoltaic
(PV) solar systems for commercial, industrial and residential markets. YCS is also a
company-owned franchise territory.
YES is engaged in the sale and administration of our franchise operations. In March 2008, the
Company entered into its first franchise sale agreement. As of December 31, 2008, YES completed
franchise sales of five franchise territories.
IASHK is engaged in sales of our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business.
IAS Shenzhen is engaged in manufacturing our solar modules, will manufacture our balance of
products and continues to be engaged in our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business.
Background and Corporate History
We became the registrant through a reverse merger with Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), on December 29, 2006, and we are considered the accounting acquirer
and registrant following that merger. Welund Fund, Inc. was originally incorporated in the State of
Delaware on July 16, 2002 under that name, and effective January 2006, pursuant to authorization of
its stockholders, it changed its domicile from the State of Delaware to the State of Nevada through
a merger with and into its then wholly-owned subsidiary, which was a Nevada corporation. On October
4, 2006, it changed its name from Welund Fund, Inc. to Solar Power, Inc., and it affected a
one-for-three reverse stock split. For purposes of discussion and disclosure, we refer to the
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predecessor as Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada Corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), to distinguish
it from the registrant and accounting acquirer, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation.
On August 6, 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, entered into share exchange
agreement with all the shareholders of International Assembly Solutions, Limited (IAS-HK), which
was incorporated in Hong Kong on January 18, 2005 with limited liability. Solar Power, Inc. a
California corporation was originally incorporated in the State of California to facilitate
creation of a U.S. holding company for IAS-HK operations and to engage in sales, installation and
integration of photovoltaic systems in the U.S. Pursuant to the share exchange agreements, the
equity owners of IAS-HK transferred all their equity interest in IAS HK in exchange for a total of
14,000,000 shares of Solar Power, Inc. a California corporation, in November 2006. As a result,
IAS-HK became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation. There were
a total of sixteen shareholders in IAS Hong Kong including our CEO, Stephen Kircher.
On August 23, 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation entered into an Agreement and
Plan of Merger with Welund Acquisition Corp., a Nevada corporation (Merger Sub) a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.). On December 29,
2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, merged with Merger Sub and Solar Power, Inc., a
California corporation became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(formerly Welund Fund, Inc.). In connection with the Merger Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) issued the existing shareholders of Solar Power, Inc., a California
corporation an aggregate of 14,500,000 shares of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly
Welund Fund, Inc.) restricted common stock and substituted 2,000,000 restricted stock awards and
options of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation with Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation
(formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) restricted stock awards and options to purchase shares of Solar Power,
Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) common stock. On February 15, 2007, we
re-domiciled in the State of California.
In February 2005 Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc., (DRCI), a California corporation was
formed to engage in the business of solar modules and systems installation, integration and sales.
In May 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, and Dale Stickney Construction, Inc.
(DSCI), the parent of DRCI, agreed in principle on the acquisition of DRCI by Solar Power, Inc.,
a California corporation, and entered into an operating agreement with DRCI providing that Solar
Power, Inc., a California corporation would effectively be responsible for all current operations,
liabilities, and revenues, effective June 1, 2006, as contemplated by the proposed merger
agreement.
In August 2006, Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, and DRCI completed the Agreement
and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement), including the Assignment and Interim Operating
Agreement (the Operating Agreement) which was an exhibit to the Merger Agreement. The Operating
Agreement obligated Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, to provide all financing necessary
for DRCIs operations subsequent to June 1, 2006 until the consummation of the acquisition in
exchange for all the revenues generated from its operations. The Operating Agreement also provided
that Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, was to provide all management activities of DRCI
on its behalf from June 1, 2006 until the consummation of the acquisition.
On November 15, 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of DRCI, paying $1,115,373 in cash
in exchange for 100% of the outstanding shares of DRCI. The acquisition of DRCI provided Solar
Power, Inc., a California corporation, with an experienced photovoltaic sales and installation
team.
The Company has allocated the purchase price of $1,115,373 to estimated fair values of the
acquired assets as follows:
Inventories |
$ | 35,341 | ||
Other current assets |
637,089 | |||
Plant and equipment |
7,995 | |||
Goodwill |
434,948 | |||
Total |
$ | 1,115,373 | ||
On April 12 and 17, 2007 the Company issued standby letters of credit totaling $800,000 to two
suppliers, Sharp Electronics and Kyocera Solar. The letters of credit were issued in support of the
Companys line of credit with these suppliers. These suppliers have no interest in the Company and
are not considered related parties. The term of the letters of credit are twelve months and are
collateralized by $800,000 of the Companys cash deposits. These letters of credit were released by
Sharp Electronics and Kyocera Solar and cancelled in January 2008.
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On May 7, 2007, the Company entered into a lease for the location of the Companys first
energy outlet. The store is located in Roseville, California and has approximately 2,000 square
feet. The term of the lease is sixty three months commencing on October 20, 2007, with an initial
rent of approximately $78,000 per year and has an option to renew for an additional five years.
On June 5, 2007, the Company entered into a capitalized lease agreement with California First
Leasing Corporation to finance the purchase of approximately $581,000 of software and hardware. The
term of the lease is thirty-six months; the Company paid an initial security deposit of
approximately $9,000 and secured the lease with a letter of credit of $450,825 collateralized by an
equal amount of the Companys cash deposits. As of December 31, 2008, the Company owed
approximately $388,000 on this lease agreement.
On June 8, 2007, the Company issued a standby letter of credit in the amount of $1,000,000 in
favor of China Merchants Bank as collateral for the line of credit of its subsidiary, IAS
Electronics (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. The letter of credit is for a term of one year and is secured by
the Companys cash deposits. In June, 2008, the line of credit was repaid in full and the letter of
credit was released by China Merchants Bank.
On June 20, 2007, the Company issued a standby letter of credit to California First Leasing
Corporation in the amount of $284,367 as security for a capital lease agreement. The term of the
letter of credit is one year and is secured by the Companys cash deposits. On July 31, 2007 this
letter of credit was increased to $601,100 to secure an increase to principal and interest to the
capital lease agreement. Under the terms of the lease with California First Leasing Corporation
the required amount of the letter of credit is reduced annually as the outstanding balance of the
lease decrease. On October 1, 2008 the amount of the letter of credit was reduced to approximately
$450,825 for an additional twelve months. At December 31, 2008 the amount outstanding on the
letter of credit to California First Leasing Corporation was $450,825 collateralized by an equal
amount of the Companys cash deposits.
On June 25, 2007, the Company entered into an agreement with China Merchants Bank for a
working capital line of credit through its wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Electronics (Shenzhen) Co.,
Ltd. in the amount of $900,000. The term of the agreement is one year with an annual interest rate
of 6.75 percent. The line is secured by a $1,000,000 standby letter of credit collateralized by the
Companys cash deposits. In June 2008, this working capital line of credit was repaid in full and
the letter of credit released by China Merchants Bank.
On July 25, 2007, the Company entered into an office lease for the relocation of the Company
headquarters. The building is located at 1115 Orlando Avenue in the city of Roseville, California
and has approximately 19,000 square feet. The term of the lease is five years commencing on August
1, 2007, with an initial rent of approximately $343,000 per year and has an option to renew for an
additional five years.
On August 14, 2007, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Yes! Solar, Inc., the Company filed
with the State of California Department of Corporations a Uniform Franchise Offering Circular
(UFOC) for approval and Solar Power, Inc. executed a Guarantee of Performance of Yes! Solar, Inc.
to the State of California Department of Corporations. The Company has received approval of the
UFOC on November 21, 2007. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had completed five franchise
territory sales.
On December 13, 2007, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Yes! Solar, Inc. (YES)
entered into a Retailer Program Agreement (the Agreement) with GE Money Bank to provide to YES
retail customers a vehicle to finance solar systems purchased from YES. The agreement provides that
the Company will provide a standby letter of credit equal to the greater of $50,000 or one percent
of sales under the Agreement. A standby letter of credit in the amount of $50,000 was issued on
November 14, 2007 as a condition to the execution of the Agreement. The term of the letter of
credit was renewed for an additional year on November 14, 2008. As of December 31, 2008 there were
no sales under this Agreement.
Management is considering the impact of the following industry trends as they impact the
manufacturing of complete photovoltaic systems and planned business model:
| Solar cell pricing trends around the world: Recently the key material in the production of solar cells (silicon) has been decreasing in price due to the global financial crisis. Solar cells are the major component cost in a photovoltaic module. The Company has responded by seeking longer-term supply agreements for solar cells at current market rates. To date the Company has entered into one long-term supply agreement for solar cells at which the price is fixed, but there is no financial commitment on the part of the Company to take delivery of cells. Our intent is secure ample solar cell supply to meet our growth needs and to avoid the risk of long-term contract pricings with suppliers whose products are expected to see a decline in the average selling price. Industry experts believe that additional planned expansion of silicon processing factories coming on |
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line will produce enough raw materials to create an oversupply on projected demand. Failure to effectively manage our supply will hinder our expected growth and our component costs may have an adverse affect on the Companys profitability. | |||
| Government subsidies: Federal and State subsidies relating directly to solar installations are an important factor in the planned growth of the solar industry. These subsidies are very important to growing the market for photovoltaic systems because they provide a significant economic incentive to all buyers. Without these incentives, industry growth would likely stall. These regulations are constantly being amended and will have a direct effect on our rollout of our planned franchise network among those states that offer superior incentives to the solar industry. | ||
| Global economic conditions: While there has been deterioration in the global economic condition of the financial markets, affecting most segments of industry and commerce, the Company is positioned in the renewable energy segment which remains strong. Since our customers may depend on financial markets for financing of solar installations, the Company is responding by seeking financing sources for its customers. Failure to secure these sources may have an adverse affect on the Companys business opportunities and profitability. |
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Inventories Certain factors could impact the realizable value of our inventory, so we
continually evaluate the recoverability based on assumptions about customer demand and market
conditions. The evaluation may take into consideration historic usage, expected demand, anticipated
sales price, product obsolescence, customer concentrations, product merchantability and other
factors. The reserve or write-down is equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the
estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual
market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, inventory reserves or
write-downs may be required that could negatively impact our gross margin and operating results.
Goodwill Goodwill resulted from our acquisition of Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc. We
perform a goodwill impairment test on an annual basis and will perform an assessment between annual
tests in certain circumstances. The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is
highly subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis. In
estimating the fair value of our business, we make estimates and judgments about our future cash
flows. Our cash flow forecasts are based on assumptions that are consistent with the plans and
estimates we use to manage our business.
Revenue
recognition The Companys three primary business segments include photovoltaic
installation, integration and sales, franchise operations and cable, wire and mechanical
assemblies.
Photovoltaic Installation, integration and sales In our photovoltaic systems installation,
integration and product sales segment, revenue on product sales is recognized when there is
evidence of an arrangement, title and risk of ownership have passed (generally upon delivery), the
price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Customers do
not have a general right of return on products shipped therefore we make no provisions for returns.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, the Company did recognize one product sale on a bill and
hold arrangement. There have been no subsequent bill and hold sales recognized by the Company. In
this instance the customer did not have sufficient facilities to store the product and asked that
we store the product for them. Since all criteria for revenue recognition had been met the Company
recognized revenue on this sale.
Revenue on photovoltaic system construction contracts is recognized using the percentage of
completion method of accounting. At the end of each period, the Company measures the cost incurred
on each project and compares the result against its estimated total costs at completion. The
percent of cost incurred determines the amount of revenue to be recognized. Payment terms are
generally defined by the contract and as a result may not match the timing of the costs incurred by
the Company and the related recognition of revenue. Such differences are recorded as costs and
estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts or billings in excess of costs
and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts. The Company determines its customers credit
worthiness at the time the order is accepted. Sudden and unexpected changes in customers financial
condition could put recoverability at risk.
In our solar photovoltaic business, contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and
those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools,
repairs, and depreciation costs. Selling and general and administrative costs are charged to
expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and
estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions, and final
contract settlements may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period
in which the revisions are determined. Profit incentives are included in revenues when their
realization is reasonably assured.
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The assets, Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, Billings in excess of
costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts, represents billings in excess of revenues
recognized.
Franchise Operations The Company began selling franchise territories in fiscal 2008. The
Company did not recognize any franchise revenue in its fiscal 2008 financial statements. The
Company has adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 45 (as
amended) Accounting for Franchise Fee Revenue (SFAS 45) which requires that revenue shall
be recognized when all the material services or conditions relating to the sale have been
substantially met. The Company has determined that when the franchisee places its first order for
a solar installation all the material services or conditions will be deemed to have been met. At
December 31, 2008 the Company had $350,000 of deferred revenue included in its financial statements
from franchise fees.
Cable, wire and mechanical assemblies In our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business
the Company recognizes the sales of goods when there is evidence of an arrangement, title and risk
of ownership have passed (generally upon delivery), the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable
and collectability is reasonably assured. Generally there are no formal customer acceptance
requirements or further obligations related to our assembly services once we ship our products.
Customers do not have a general right of return on products shipped therefore we make no provisions
for returns. We make determination of our customers credit worthiness at the time we accept their
order.
Product
Warranties We offer the industry standard of 20 years for our solar modules and
industry standard five (5) years on inverter and balance of system components. Due to the warranty
period, we bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have shipped product and
recognized revenue. In our wire and mechanical assembly business, historically our warranty claims
have not been material. In our solar photovoltaic business our greatest warranty exposure is in the
form of product replacement. Until the third quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company purchased its
solar panels from third-party suppliers and since the third-party warranties are consistent with
industry standards we considered our financial exposure to warranty claims immaterial. Certain
photovoltaic construction contracts entered into during the year ended December 31, 2007 included
provisions under which the Company agreed to provide warranties to the buyer, and during the
quarter ended September 30, 2007, the Company began installing its own manufactured solar panels.
In our cable, wire and mechanical assembly business our current standard product warranty for our
mechanical assembly product ranges from one to five years. The Company records the provision for
the estimated warranty exposure on these contracts within cost of sales. Since the Company does not
have sufficient historical data to estimate its exposure, we have looked to historical data
reported by other solar system installers and manufacturers. The accrual for warranty claims
consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Beginning balance |
$ | 103 | $ | | ||||
Provision charged to warranty expense |
641 | 103 | ||||||
Less: warranty claims |
(1 | ) | | |||||
Ending balance |
$ | 743 | $ | 103 | ||||
Stock based compensation Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment. (SFAS
No. 123(R)) which requires the Company to measure the stock-based compensation costs of
share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognizes the costs
in the financial statements over the employee requisite service period. Stock-based compensation
expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted was based on the grant-date fair value
estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). Prior to 2006 the Company had not
issued stock options or other forms of stock-based compensation.
Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of share-based payment
awards require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the
share-based payment awards and stock price volatility. The assumptions used in calculating the fair
value of share-based payment awards represent managements best estimates, but these estimates
involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors
change and we use different assumptions, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially
different in the future. In addition, we are required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate and
only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If our actual forfeiture rate is
materially different from our estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly
different from what we have recorded in the current period.
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Allowance for doubtful accounts The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risk of not
collecting amounts owed to the Company by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety of
factors including: an analysis of amounts current and past due along with relevant history and
facts particular to the customer. It requires the Company to make significant estimates, and
changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes in the allowance for doubtful
accounts. At December 31, 2008 and 2007 the Company has an allowance of approximately $49,000 and
$48,000, respectively.
Income taxes We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting
and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using
enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected
to reverse. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the weight of available evidence,
including expected future earnings. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than
not that some portion, or all, of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Should we determine
that we would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded
amount, we would record an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance. This
adjustment would increase income in the period such determination is made.
Our operations include manufacturing activities outside of the United States. Profit from non-U.S.
activities is subject to local country taxes but not subject to United States tax until repatriated
to the United States. It is our intention to permanently reinvest these earnings outside the United
States. The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application
of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit
issues in the United States and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the
extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be
unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the
period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax
liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate tax assessment, a further charge to expense would
result.
Foreign currency translation The consolidated financial statements of the Company are
presented in U.S. dollars and the Company conducts substantially all of their business in U.S.
dollars.
All transactions in currencies other than functional currencies during the year are translated at
the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Related accounts payable or receivable
existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies
are translated at period end rates. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign
currency transactions are included in income. Translations adjustments as a result of the process
of translating foreign financial statements from functional currency to U.S. dollars are disclosed
and accumulated as a separate component of equity.
Aggregate net foreign currency transaction gains included in the income statement were
approximately $228,000 and $214,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Reclassification
Certain amounts from prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. With
respect to the acquisition of DRCI by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, in fiscal year
2006, the Company estimated the fair value of contracts acquired based on certain assumptions to be
approximately $637,000. The Company estimated the value of each contract opportunity acquired by
estimating the percentage of contracts that would be signed and by applying a comparable
acquisition cost to each contract based on the Companys current sales subcontractor commission
rates.
Segment Information
The Company has three reportable segments: (1) photovoltaic installation, integration and
solar panel sales (Photovoltaic installation, integration and sales), (2) Franchise operations
and (3) cable, wire mechanical assemblies and processing sales (Cable, wire and mechanical
assemblies). The Companys reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different
products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different
technology and marketing strategies.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of
significant accounting policies.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes (FIN 48). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprises financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income
Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial
statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax
return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and
penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. This Interpretation is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with earlier adoption permitted. The
adoption of this pronouncement did not have a material impact our financial position, results of
operations or cash flows.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No.
157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be
applied to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America guidance
requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands
disclosure about such fair value measurements. FAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements
issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal
years. In February 2008 FASB issued Staff Position No. 157-2 that defers the effective date of FAS
157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or
disclosed a fair value in financial statements on a recurring basis, for fiscal years beginning
after November 15, 2008. In addition, FASB also agreed to exclude from scope of FAS 157 fair value
measurements made for purposes of applying FAS No. 13 Accounting for Leases and related
interpretive accounting pronouncements. The adoptions of FAS No. 157 for financial assets and
liabilities did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. The Company
does not expect the adoption of FAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities to have a
material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In
February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, (FAS 159) which
permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair
value at specified election dates. A business entity is required to report unrealized gains and
losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent
reporting date. This statement is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement. FAS 159 is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after July 1, 2008, and
interim periods within those fiscal years, and is applicable beginning in the first quarter of
2008. The adoption of FAS No. 159 did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial
statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (FAS No. 141(R))
which requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize all (and only) the
assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair
value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires
the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information they need to evaluate
and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. FAS No. 141(R) is
prospectively effective to business combinations for which the acquisition is on or after the
beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact
of FAS No. 141(R) on the Companys consolidated financial statements will be determined in part by
the nature and timing of any future acquisitions completed by it.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 160, Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements (as amended) (FAS No. 160) which improves the relevance, comparability, and
transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report
non-controlling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way as equity consolidated
financial statements. Moreover, FAS No. 160 eliminates the diversity that currently exists in
accounting from transactions between an entity and non-controlling interests by requiring they be
treated as equity transactions. FAS No.160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods
within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008; earlier adoption is prohibited.
The Company is currently evaluating the impact that FAS No. 160 will have on its consolidated
financial statements.
In March 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 161,
Disclosures about Derivatives Instruments and Hedging Activities, an Amendment of FASB Statement
No. 133 (SFAS No. 161). SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about a companys derivative
and hedging activities. SFAS No. 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption
of SFAS No. 161 and does not expect adoption to have a material impact on results of operations,
cash flows or financial position.
In April 2008, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Staff Position
(FSP) FAS No. 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets. The FSP amends the
factors an entity should consider in developing renewal or extension assumptions used in
determining the useful life of recognized intangible assets under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and
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Other
Intangible Assets. The FSP must be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the
effective date. The Company will apply the guidance of the FSP to intangible assets acquired after
January 1, 2009.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2008 to the year ended December 31, 2007
Net sales Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2008 increased 161.4% to approximately
$47,421,000 from approximately $18,144,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Net sales in the photovoltaic installation, integration and product sales segment increased
203.0% to approximately $44,670,000 from approximately $14,744,000 for the year earlier comparative
period. The Company began manufacturing its own solar panels in the third quarter of 2007. The
Company began selling panels to other integrators in Asia and Europe, which accounted for most of
the increase in revenue during fiscal 2008. The Company expects that these types of panel sales
will continue to be an increased source of revenue in fiscal 2009.
There were no sales in our franchise operations segment for the years ended December 31, 2008
and 2007.
Net sales in the cable, wire and mechanical assemblies segment decreased 19.1% to
approximately $2,751,000 from approximately $3,400,000 for the year earlier comparative period.
This is the legacy segment of the Companys business. The Company expects to continue to service
the customers it has in this segment as it continues to develop its solar segment, but is not
actively seeking new customers.
Cost of goods sold Cost of goods sold were approximately $43,844,000 (92.5% of net sales)
and approximately $15,816,000 (87.2% of net sales) for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Cost of goods sold in the photovoltaic installation, integration and product sales segment was
approximately $41,819,000 (93.6% of sales) for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to
approximately $13,876,000 (94.1% of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2007. While the
Company has experienced significant growth in sales for this segment in fiscal 2008, higher than
anticipated solar cell costs in the third and fourth quarters eroded construction margins in our
photovoltaic segment. Due to decreasing cell costs in fiscal 2009, the Company expects that
margins will improve in fiscal 2009.
There were no cost of goods sold in our franchise operations segment for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Cost of goods sold in the cable, wire and mechanical assembly segment were approximately
$2,025,000 (73.6% of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to approximately
$1,940,000 (57.1% of net sales) for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase is attributable
to product mix, increased shipping costs due to fuel surcharges and increased material costs due to
the increase in copper wire pricing, a key component in the cable wire segment. The Company does
not expect margins to materially improve in this segment.
General and administrative expenses General and administrative expenses were approximately
$8,981,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008 and
approximately $7,196,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2007 an increase of 24.8%. As a percentage of net sales, general and administrative
expenses were 18.9% and 39.7%, for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The
increase in actual cost is primarily due to the increase in employee related expense,
infrastructure costs and professional fees associated with the continued development of our
photovoltaic solar business and start up of our franchise operations. Significant elements of
general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008 include employee related
expense of approximately $4,223,000, information technology costs of approximately $171,000,
insurance costs of approximately $171,000, professional and consulting fees of approximately
$1,573,000, rent of approximately $583,000, travel and lodging costs of $197,000, stock
compensation expense of $359,000 and bad debt expense of $264,000. The bad debt expense pertains
primarily to one commercial installation project on which the owner was unable to complete
financing on the project and had to terminate installation. The Company expects general and
administrative expenses to continue to decline as a percentage of revenue.
Sales, marketing and customer service expense Sales, marketing and customer service
expenses were approximately $2,618,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $2,254,000 for the
year ended December 31, 2007. As a percentage of net sales, sales, marketing and customer service
expenses were 5.5% and 12.4% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The
increase in cost is primarily due to increases in payroll, marketing costs and commission costs
associated required to development of our photovoltaic solar business. Significant elements of
sales, marketing and customer service expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 were payroll
related expenses of approximately $1,209,000, advertising and trade show expenses of
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approximately
$430,000, commission expense of approximately $451,000 stock-based compensation costs of
approximately $110,000 and travel and lodging costs of approximately $62,000.
Engineering, design and product management expense Engineering, design and product
management expenses were approximately $559,000 and $199,000 for the year ended December 31, 2008
and 2007, respectively. As a percentage of sales, product development expenses were 1.2% and 1.1%
for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Significant elements of engineering,
design and product management expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 were payroll and related
expenses of approximately $261,000, product certification and testing of approximately $255,000 and
stock-based compensation expense of $34,000. The Company expects these expenses to continue in 2009
as the Company expands its product lines and sales activity in global markets.
Interest income / expense Interest income, net was approximately $20,000 and $180,000 for
the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As a percentage of net sales, interest
income, net was 0% and 1.0% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Interest
income, net consisted of interest income of approximately $135,000 from earnings on the Companys
idle cash offset by interest expense of approximately $115,000 on the Companys short term
borrowings in fiscal year 2008. Interest income, net consisted of interest income of approximately
$286,000 from the earnings on the Companys idle cash offset by interest expense of approximately
$106,000 in fiscal 2007.
Other income / expense Other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2008 was
approximately $10,000. Other income for the year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately $8,000.
Other expense, net consisted primarily of expenses of $17,000 related to the sub-lease of the
Companys former corporate headquarters offset by $7,000 generated from the sale of scrap.
Net loss The net loss was approximately $8,738,000 and $7,194,000 for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The significant costs incurred to continue development of
our photovoltaic solar business and franchise operations were the drivers of the increased
operating loss in 2008.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
A summary of the sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents is as follows:
Year ended December | Year ended December | |||||||
(in thousands) | 31, 2008 | 31, 2007 | ||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
$ | (577 | ) | $ | (13,064 | ) | ||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(766 | ) | (1,034 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing
activities |
404 | 9,544 | ||||||
Net decrease in cash and cash
equivalents |
$ | (939 | ) | $ | (4,554 | ) | ||
From our inception until the closing of our private placement on October 4, 2006, we financed
our operations primarily through short-term borrowings. We received net proceeds of approximately
$14,500,000 from the private placement made by Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly
Welund Fund, Inc.) when we completed our reverse merger with them in December 2006.
In December 2007, we completed a private placement of 4,513,911 shares of our comment stock
with proceeds approximately $10,185,000, net of expenses of approximately $1,551,000.
As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $5,915,000 in cash and cash equivalents.
Net
cash used in operating activities of approximately $577,000 for the year ended December
31, 2008 was primarily a result of a net loss of approximately $8,738,000, plus non-cash items
included in net income, including depreciation of approximately $700,000 related to property and
equipment, stock-based compensation expense of approximately $548,000, bad debt expense of
approximately $264,000, stock issued for services of approximately $22,000 and income tax expense
of approximately $167,000. Also contributing to cash used in operating activities were decreases in
accounts payable of approximately $1,248,000 resulting from prepayment requirements of our cell
suppliers, decreased income taxes payable of approximately $7,000 offset by decreases in accounts
receivable of approximately $1,870,000 resulting from collection of our sales of solar panels upon
shipment, decreases in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
of approximately $1,914,000 resulting from decreased installation revenues in the fourth quarter of
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fiscal 2008, decreases in inventories of approximately $2,433,000 resulting from decreased solar
panel inventory, decreased prepaid expenses and other current assets of approximately $326,000
resulting from decreased supplier deposit requirements, increases in billings in excess of costs
and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts of approximately $157,000 resulting from billings
primarily on residential solar installations not yet underway in fiscal 2008 and increases in
accrued liabilities of approximately $665,000 resulting, increases in deferred revenue of
approximately $350,000 resulting from deferred franchise fees and increased warranty reserve of
approximately $640,000.
Net cash used in operating activities of approximately $13,064,000 for the year ended December
31, 2007 was primarily a result of a net loss of approximately $7,194,000, plus non-cash items
included in net income, including depreciation of approximately $330,000 related to property and
equipment, amortization of intangibles of approximately $684,000, stock-based compensation expense
of approximately $541,000, bad debt expense of approximately $118,000, stock issued for services of
approximately $50,000, warrants issued for services of approximately $12,000 and income tax expense
of approximately $61,000. Also contributing to cash used in
operating activities were an increase in our accounts receivable of approximately $4,157,000
as a result of increased sales in our solar photovoltaic business segment, an increase in costs and
estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts of approximately $2,088,000, an
increase in our inventories of approximately $4,659,000 primarily related to our solar photovoltaic
business and increases in prepaid expenses and other current assets of approximately $410,000, a
decrease in income taxes payable of approximately $6,000, a decrease in billings in excess of costs
and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts of approximately $123,000 offset by an increase in
our accounts payable of approximately $2,839,000 related to our increased inventory, and an
increase in accrued liabilities of approximately $938,000 resulting primarily from increased sales
tax liability of approximately $557,000, accrued job costs of approximately $212,000 and accrued
warranty costs of approximately $103,000.
Net cash used in investing activities of approximately $766,000 for the year ended December
31, 2008 primarily relates to acquisition of property, plant and equipment. Property, plant and
equipment acquired was primarily for the expansion of the solar panel assembly line in our China
manufacturing facility and computer equipment required for our franchise operations.
Net cash used in investing activities of approximately $1,034,000 for the year ended December
31, 2007 primarily relates to acquisition of property, plant and equipment.
Net cash generated from financing activities was approximately $404,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2008 and is comprised of approximately $1,668,000 from the release of restricted cash
collateralizing cancelled letters of credit and $69,000 from issuance of our common stock from the
exercise of employee stock options offset by approximately $976,000 used to repay the line of
credit to China Merchants Bank, approximately $343,000 of principal payments on notes and capital
leases and approximately $14,000 of additional costs related to our private placement in December
2007.
Net cash generated from financing activities was approximately $9,544,000 for the year ended
December 31, 2007 and is comprised of approximately $11,517,000 of net proceeds from the issuance
of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs, and $931,000 from proceeds of our PRC line of
credit, offset by approximately $389,000 of principal payments on notes and capital leases and
approximately $320,000 of principal payments on loans from related parties and restricted cash
collateralizing letters of credit of approximately $2,195,000.
In the short-term we do not expect any material change in the mix or relative cost of our
capital resources. As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $5,915,000 in cash and cash
equivalents and approximately $527,000 of restricted cash collateralizing standby letters of credit
we issued to support our capital lease and a financing obligation of our subsidiary, Yes! Solar,
Inc. Our plan and focus will be to continue the development of our solar panel manufacturing
facility, manufacturing our branded solar system products, generating new customers, and organizing
a distribution model through the development of our franchise network. With our current level of
cash on hand and collection of accounts receivable and costs and estimated earnings in excess of
billings on uncompleted contracts, we believe we have sufficient working capital to satisfy our
working capital requirements to fund operations at their current levels.
On July 24, 2008, the Company signed a four-year supply agreement which obligates the Company
to purchase a specific quantity of solar panels over the four year term of the agreement or pay a
cancellation penalty of as much as $6.5 million. As of December 31, 2008 the Company has purchased
approximately $541,000 solar panels under this supply agreement.
We may be required to raise capital to fund our anticipated future growth. Due to the current
global financial crisis there is no assurance that if we are required to raise capital that it will
be available to us. Future cash forecasts are based on assumptions regarding operational
performance, and assumptions regarding working capital needs associated with increasing customer
orders and supply chain agreements.
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Contractual Obligations
Operating leases The Company leases premises under various operating leases. Rental expense
under operating leases included in the statement of operations was
approximately $834,000 and $502,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company was obligated under operating leases requiring minimum rentals as follows (in
thousands):
Years ending December 31, |
||||
2009 |
$ | 626 | ||
2010 |
454 | |||
2011 |
459 | |||
2012 |
310 | |||
Total minimum payments |
$ | 1,849 | ||
The Company was obligated under notes payable requiring minimum payments as follows (in
thousands):
Years ending December 31, |
||||
2009 |
$ | 51 | ||
2010 |
52 | |||
2011 |
44 | |||
2012 |
6 | |||
153 | ||||
Less current portion |
(50 | ) | ||
Long-term portion |
$ | 103 | ||
The notes payable are collateralized by trucks used in the Companys solar photovoltaic
business, bear interest rates between 1.9% and 2.9% and are payable over sixty months.
The Company leases certain equipment under capital leases. The leases expire from January to
October 2010. The Company was obligated for the following minimum payments (in thousands):
Years ending December 31, |
||||
2009 |
$ | 327 | ||
2010 |
216 | |||
543 | ||||
Less amounts representing interest |
(43 | ) | ||
Present value of net minimum lease payments |
500 | |||
Less current portion |
(292 | ) | ||
Long-term portion |
$ | 208 | ||
On July 24, 2008, the Company and Solyndra Inc., a Delaware corporation (Solyndra) signed a
First Amendment to Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels (Modified Agreement) which amends an
Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels, dated February 19, 2007. The first agreement did not
obligate the Company to any specific terms or conditions only reserved its right to panel
production once Solyndra began manufacturing its product.
The Modified Agreement between the Company and Solyndra, Inc. is a contract for the sale of
photovoltaic panels intended for large flat rooftops, optimized for high energy density production
produced by Solyndra for Solar Power. The Modified Agreement as amended obligates the Company to
purchase a specific quantity of solar panels over the four year term of the Modified Agreement or
pay a cancellation penalty of as much as $6.5 Million. In fiscal 2009, the cancellation penalty could be as much as $740,000. The final selling price to the Company is
dependent upon the price that Solyndra, Inc. sells the same product to other third-party customers
and is expected to decline over the term of the agreement.
On December 13, 2007, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Yes! Solar, Inc. (YES)
entered into a Retailer Program Agreement (the Agreement) with GE Money Bank to provide to YES
retail customers a vehicle to finance solar systems purchased from YES. The agreement provides that
the Company will provide a standby letter of credit equal to the greater of $50,000 or one percent
of sales under the Agreement. A standby letter of credit in the amount of $50,000 was issued on
November 14, 2007 as a condition to the execution of the Agreement. The term of the letter of
credit was renewed for an additional year on November 14, 2008. As of December 31, 2008 there were
no sales under this Agreement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2008, we did not have any transactions, obligations or relationships that
could be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.
42
Table of Contents
ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Financial Statements that constitute Item 8 are included at the end of this report
beginning on page F-1.
ITEM 9 CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None
ITEM 9A(T) CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In connection with the preparation of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, an evaluation was
carried out by our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)) as of
December
31, 2008. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required
to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported within the time periods specified, and that such information is accumulated
and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer,
to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded
that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and
procedures were effective.
Our management has concluded that the financial statements included in this Form 10-K present
fairly, in all material respects our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for
the periods presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can
provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met.
In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the
likelihood of future events.
Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial
reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of
our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established by the Committee
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) as set forth in Internal Control -
Integrated Framework. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control Integrated
Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was
effective as of December 31, 2008.
This
annual report does not include an audit or attestation report of our registered public accounting firm
regarding our internal control over financial reporting. Our managements report was not subject to
audit or attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit
us to provide only managements report in this annual report.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent
or detect misstatements. It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and
operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the
system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain
assumptions about the likelihood of future events. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because
of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate.
ITEM 9B OTHER INFORMATION
None
43
Table of Contents
PART III
ITEM 10 DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by Item 10 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrants
proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrants fiscal year end.
ITEM 11 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by Item 11 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrants
proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrants fiscal year end.
ITEM 12 SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
The information required by Item 12 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrants
proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrants fiscal year end.
ITEM 13 CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by Item 13 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrants
proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrants fiscal year end.
ITEM 14 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by Item 14 of Part III is incorporated by reference to the registrants
proxy statement, to be filed within 120 days of the registrants fiscal year end.
44
Table of Contents
PART IV
ITEM 15 EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. | Description | |||
2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 25, 2006 between Welund Fund, Inc. (Delaware) and
Welund Fund, Inc. (Nevada) (1) |
|||
2.2 | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Welund
Acquisition Corp., a Nevada corporation, and Welund Fund, Inc. a Nevada corporation dated as of August
23, 2006(2) |
|||
2.3 | First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 4, 2006(3) |
|||
2.4 | Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 1, 2006(4) |
|||
2.5 | Third Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 21, 2006(5) |
|||
2.6 | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation and Dale
Renewables Consulting, Inc., a California corporation, and James M. Underwood, Ronald H. Stickney and
Todd Lindstrom, dated as of August 20, 2006, as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of
Merger dated October 31, 2006, and further amended by the Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of
Merger dated November 15, 2006(17) |
|||
2.7 | Agreement of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Dale Renewables
Consulting, Inc., a California corporation, and James M. Underwood, Ronald H. Stickney and Todd
Lindstrom dated November 15, 2006(17) |
|||
2.8 | Agreement of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Solar Power, Inc., a
Nevada corporation and Welund Acquisition Corp., a Nevada corporation dated December 29, 2006(17) |
|||
2.9 | Agreement of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation and Solar Power, Inc., a
California corporation, dated February 14, 2007 (6) |
|||
3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation(6) |
|||
3.2 | Bylaws(6) |
|||
3.3 | Specimen (17) |
|||
4.1 | Form of Subscription Agreement(7) |
|||
4.2 | Form of Registration Rights Agreement(7) |
|||
10.1 | Share Purchase Agreement for the Purchase of Common Stock dated as of April 1, 2004, by and between
Kevin G. Elmore and Mr. T. Chong Weng(8) |
|||
10.2 | Share Purchase Agreement for the Purchase of Common Stock dated as of June 9, 2004, by and between Kevin
G. Elmore and Liberty Associates Holdings, LLC(9) |
45
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Description | |||
10.3 | Purchase and Servicing Agreement between Welund Fund, Inc. and Village Auto, LLC, dated March 30,
2005(10) |
|||
10.4 | Demand Promissory Note issued by Paxton Energy Corp. (11) |
|||
10.5 | Engagement Letter with Roth Capital Partners, dated August 29, 2006(12) |
|||
10.6 | Credit Facility Agreement by and between the Company and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation
effective September 19, 2006(12) |
|||
10.7 | Security Agreement by and between the Company and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation effective
September 19, 2006(12) |
|||
10.8 | Secured Promissory Note issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of the Company(12) |
|||
10.9 | First Amendment to the Credit Facility Agreement dated November 3, 2006(13) |
|||
10.10 | Securities Purchase Agreement dated September 19, 2006 (12) |
|||
10.11 | Registration Rights Agreement dated September 19, 2006(12) |
|||
10.12 | Securities Purchase Agreement dated October 4, 2006 (14) |
|||
10.13 | Registration Rights Agreement dated October 4, 2006(14) |
|||
10.14 | Roth Capital Warrant(14) |
|||
10.15 | Subordination Agreement by and between Steve Kircher, the Company and Solar Power, Inc., a California
corporation dated August 31, 2006(14) |
|||
10.16 | Addendum to Subordination Agreement dated September 6, 2006(14) |
|||
10.17 | Unsecured Promissory Note for $150,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
the Company dated August 31, 2006(14) |
|||
10.18 | Unsecured Promissory Note for $50,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation dated
September 6, 2006(14) |
|||
10.19 | Secured Promissory Note for $975,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
Solar Power, Inc, a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated September 19, 2006(14) |
|||
10.20 | Secured Promissory Note for $100,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated September 25, 2006(14) |
|||
10.21 | Secured Promissory Note for $130,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated September 27, 2006(14) |
46
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Description | |||
10.22 | Secured Promissory Note for $75,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
Solar Power, Inc., an Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated October 6, 2006(14) |
|||
10.23 | Secured Promissory Note for $340,000 issued by Sola Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated October 16, 2006(14) |
|||
10.24 | Secured Promissory Note for $235,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of
Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated October 30, 2006(14) |
|||
10.25 | Secured Promissory Note $445,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar
Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated November 7, 2006 (14) |
|||
10.26 | Demand Note $1,446,565 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of the Company
dated November 15, 2006 (14) |
|||
10.27 | 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (17) |
|||
10.28 | Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement(17) |
|||
10.29 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement(17) |
|||
10.30 | Assignment and Interim Operating Agreement by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation,
Dale Stickney Construction, Inc., a California corporation, and Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc., a
California corporation dated August 20, 2006(17) |
|||
10.31 | Restrictive Covenant Agreement by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Todd
Lindstrom, James M. Underwood and Ronald H. Stickney dated November 15, 2006(17) |
|||
10.32 | Receivables and Servicing Rights Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between the Company and Village
Auto, LLC a California limited liability company dated December 29, 2006(15) |
|||
10.33 | Contract Revenues Agreement by and between Sundance Power, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company and
Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, dated September 5, 2006(18) |
|||
10.34 | Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels to Solar Power, Inc. dated February 19, 2007 (19) |
|||
10.35 | First Amendment to Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels, dated July 24, 2008 (19) |
|||
14.1 | Code of Ethics (20) |
|||
16.1 | Letter of Hansen Barnett & Maxwell(16) |
|||
21.1 | List of Subsidiaries(18) |
|||
23 | Consent
of Independent Registered Accounting Firm* |
|||
31.1 | Rule 13(a) 14(a)/15(d) 14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer)* |
|||
31.2 | Rule 13(a) 14(a)/15(d) 14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer)* |
|||
32 | Section 1350 Certifications* |
47
Table of Contents
Footnotes to Exhibits Index
* | Filed herewith | |
(1) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 3, 2006. | |
(2) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 29, 2006. | |
(3) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2006. | |
(4) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2006. | |
(5) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 22, 2006. | |
(6) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 20, 2007. | |
(7) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on August 14, 2006. | |
(8) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 2, 2004. | |
(9) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 18, 2004. | |
(10) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on May 24, 2005. | |
(11) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on November 14, 2005. | |
(12) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 25, 2006 | |
(13) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 7, 2006. | |
(14) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on November 20, 2006. | |
(15) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2007. | |
(16) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2007 (disclosing change in auditors). | |
(17) | Incorporated by reference to the Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on January 17, 2007. | |
(18) | Incorporated by reference to the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2007. | |
(19) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 30, 2008 | |
(20) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10KSB filed with the SEC on April 16, 2007 |
48
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant
has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized.
SOLAR POWER, INC. |
|||||
Dated: March 24, 2009 |
|||||
/s/ Stephen C. Kircher | |||||
By: | Stephen C. Kircher | ||||
Its: | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) |
||||
Dated: March 24, 2009 |
|||||
/s/ Jeffrey G. Winzeler | |||||
By: | Jeffrey G. Winzeler | ||||
Its: | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
||||
Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed
below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates
indicated:
Signature | Capacity | Date | ||
/s/ Stephen C. Kircher
|
Director | March 24, 2009 | ||
/s/ Ronald A. Cohan
|
Director | March 24, 2009 | ||
/s/ D. Paul Regan
|
Director | March 24, 2009 | ||
/s/ Larry D. Kelley
|
Director | March 24, 2009 | ||
/s/ Timothy B. Nyman
|
Director | March 24, 2009 |
49
Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
Page | ||||
Item 8. Financial Statements of Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation |
||||
F-2 | ||||
F-3 | ||||
F-4 | ||||
F-5 | ||||
F-7 | ||||
F-8 |
F-1
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Solar Power, Inc.
Roseville, California
Solar Power, Inc.
Roseville, California
We have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Solar Power, Inc. (the Company) as
of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders
equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on
these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The
Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control
over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial
reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control
over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management,
as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Solar Power, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and 2007, and
the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Macias Gini & OConnell LLP
Sacramento, California
March 24, 2009
F-2
Table of Contents
SOLAR POWER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands, except for share data)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands, except for share data)
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 5,915 | $ | 6,840 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $49 and $48 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively |
3,010 | 5,353 | ||||||
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |
294 | 2,208 | ||||||
Inventories, net |
4,665 | 6,945 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
771 | 967 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
527 | 800 | ||||||
Total current assets |
15,182 | 23,113 | ||||||
Goodwill |
435 | 435 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
| 1,395 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment at cost, net |
2,178 | 2,066 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 17,795 | $ | 27,009 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 3,916 | $ | 4,957 | ||||
Line of credit |
| 931 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
2,833 | 2,063 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
350 | | ||||||
Income taxes payable |
248 | 88 | ||||||
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |
160 | 3 | ||||||
Loans payable and capital lease obligations |
342 | 342 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
7,849 | 8,384 | ||||||
Loans payable and capital lease obligations, net of current portion |
311 | 655 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
8,160 | 9,039 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) |
| | ||||||
Stockholders equity |
||||||||
Preferred stock, par $0.0001, 20,000,000 shares authorized,
none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007 |
| | ||||||
Common stock, par $0.0001, 100,000,000 shares authorized
37,771,325 and 37,573,263 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively |
4 | 4 | ||||||
Additional paid in capital |
28,029 | 27,404 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(222 | ) | | |||||
Accumulated deficit |
(18,176 | ) | (9,438 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
9,635 | 17,970 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 17,795 | $ | 27,009 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
F-3
Table of Contents
SOLAR POWER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands, except for share data)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands, except for share data)
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Net sales |
$ | 47,421 | $ | 18,144 | ||||
Cost of goods sold |
43,844 | 15,816 | ||||||
Gross profit |
3,577 | 2,328 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
General and administrative |
8,981 | 7,196 | ||||||
Sales, marketing and customer service |
2,618 | 2,254 | ||||||
Engineering, design and product management |
559 | 199 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
12,158 | 9,649 | ||||||
Operating loss |
(8,581 | ) | (7,321 | ) | ||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||
Interest expense |
(115 | ) | (106 | ) | ||||
Interest income |
135 | 286 | ||||||
Other income (expense) |
(10 | ) | 8 | |||||
Total other income (expense) |
10 | 188 | ||||||
Loss before income taxes |
(8,571 | ) | (7,133 | ) | ||||
Income tax expense |
167 | 61 | ||||||
Net loss |
$ | (8,738 | ) | $ | (7,194 | ) | ||
Net loss per common share: |
||||||||
Basic and diluted |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | ||
Weighted average number of shares used in
computing per share amounts: |
37,696,812 | 32,930,129 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
F-4
Table of Contents
SOLAR POWER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands)
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (8,738 | ) | $ | (7,194 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation |
700 | 330 | ||||||
Stock issued for services |
22 | 50 | ||||||
Warrants issued for services |
| 12 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
548 | 541 | ||||||
Bad debt expense |
264 | 118 | ||||||
Amortization |
| 684 | ||||||
Income tax expense |
167 | 61 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable |
1,870 | (4,157 | ) | |||||
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |
1,914 | (2,088 | ) | |||||
Inventories |
2,433 | (4,659 | ) | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
326 | (410 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable |
(1,248 | ) | 2,839 | |||||
Income taxes payable |
(7 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |
157 | (123 | ) | |||||
Deferred revenue |
350 | | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
665 | 938 | ||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(577 | ) | (13,064 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment |
(766 | ) | (1,034 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(766 | ) | (1,034 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
69 | 12,282 | ||||||
Costs related to share registration |
(14 | ) | (765 | ) | ||||
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash collateralizing letters of credit |
1,668 | (2,195 | ) | |||||
Principal payments on notes and capital leases payable |
(343 | ) | (389 | ) | ||||
Net (payments on) proceeds from line of credit |
(976 | ) | 931 | |||||
Principal payments (principal received) on loans from related parties |
| (320 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
404 | 9,544 | ||||||
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
(939 | ) | (4,554 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
6,840 | 11,394 | ||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
14 | | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 5,915 | $ | 6,840 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
F-5
Table of Contents
SOLAR POWER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands)
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 115 | $ | 91 | ||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
$ | 7 | $ | 9 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |
||||||||
Equipment acquired through notes payable and capital leases |
$ | | $ | 1,141 | ||||
Stock and warrants issued in settlement of an obligation |
| 130 | ||||||
Stock issued for services |
22 | 50 | ||||||
Warrants issued in conjunction with a private placement of common stock |
| 283 | ||||||
Warrants issued for services |
| 36 | ||||||
$ | 22 | $ | 1,640 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
F-6
Table of Contents
SOLAR POWER, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands, except for share data)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
(in thousands, except for share data)
Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Additional | Accumulated | other | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Paid-In Capital | Deficit | comprehensive loss | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance January 1, 2007 |
32,266,667 | $ | 3 | $ | 15,833 | $ | (2,244 | ) | $ | 13,592 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(7,194 | ) | (7,194 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Costs related to share registration |
(628 | ) | (628 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants related to
private placement |
283 | 283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants for
settlement of an obligation |
56 | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of warrants for services |
36 | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| 441 | 441 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock |
100,000 | | 100 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for option and
warrant exercises |
68,750 | | 50 | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for services |
50,000 | 50 | 50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for settlement
of an obligation |
73,935 | | 74 | 74 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock, net of costs |
5,013,911 | 1 | 11,090 | 11,091 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance December 31, 2007 |
37,573,263 | 4 | 27,404 | (9,438 | ) | 17,970 | |||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(8,738 | ) | (8,738 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Translation adjustment |
(222 | ) | (222 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
(8,960 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs related to share registration |
(14 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for services |
16,000 | | 22 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
372 | 372 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock |
113,367 | | 176 | 176 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for option
exercises |
68,695 | | 69 | 69 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance December 31, 2008 |
37,771,325 | $ | 4 | $ | 28,029 | $ | (18,176 | ) | $ | (222 | ) | $ | 9,635 | ||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements
F-7
Table of Contents
SOLAR POWER, INC.
(FORMERLY INTERNATIONAL ASSEMBLY SOLUTIONS, LIMITED)
(FORMERLY INTERNATIONAL ASSEMBLY SOLUTIONS, LIMITED)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization and Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
Solar Power, Inc. and its subsidiaries, (collectively the Company) engage in sales,
installation and integration of photovoltaic systems, markets its franchise operations and
manufactures and sells solar panels and related hardware and cable, wire and mechanical assemblies.
Solar Power, Inc. was incorporated in the State of California in 2006. In August 2006, the
Company entered into a merger agreement with International Assembly Solutions, Limited (IAS HK)
which was incorporated in Hong Kong in January 2005. Effective November 2006, the equity owners of
IAS HK transferred all their equity interests to Solar Power, Inc. in exchange for a total of
14,000,000 shares of its common stock at a par value of $0.0001 each. There were a total of sixteen
shareholders in IAS HK including the controlling shareholder Stephen Kircher, our CEO. This
transaction was structured to create a U.S. holding company and there were not any new or different
shareholders involved. As such, the commonality among shareholders was 100%. There was no other
consideration paid to any shareholder in connection with the formation of the holding company.
Because the merger was entered into among entities under common control, the accompanying
consolidated financial statements presents the results of operations of the combined companies for
the year ended December 31, 2006.
In August 2006, the Company, Dale Renewable Consulting Inc. (DRCI) and Dale Stickney
Construction, Inc., (DSCI) formalized an acquisition agreement (the Merger Agreement) and entered
into an Assignment and Interim Operating Agreement (the Operating Agreement). As a result of the
Operating Agreement the Company began consolidating the operations of
DRCI from June 1, 2006.
In February 2007, the Company issued 31,435 shares of its common stock as an additional
payment under the agreement with Sundance Power, LLC. The shares were fair-valued at $1.00 per
share.
On August 30, 2007, the Company entered into Amendment #1 to the agreement settling its
obligation to Sundance Power, LLC, issuing 42,500 shares of the Companys common stock fair-valued
at $1.00 per share and warrants to purchase 76,722 shares of our common stock at $1.00 per share
with a fair-value of $55,777, offsetting expenses of $36,228 leaving a balance due to Sundance at
December 31, 2007 of $9,060. At December 31, 2006 the Company determined that it was probable that
the conditional payments would be made and recorded the estimated obligation in prepaid expenses
and other current assets at $500,000 and recorded an accrued liability of $350,000. The asset was
expensed to sales, marketing and customer service expenses during 2007 as the related revenue was
recognized or as it was determined that the contracts were no longer viable. The life of the
contract is based upon the underlying construction contracts. In exchange for these payments from
the Company, Sundance relinquished its right to obtain any future payment constituting a share of
the revenues of any Joint Contract or other Solar Power Contracts, relinquished its right to obtain
any future payment from the sale or installation of solar electric power system goods and services,
and transfers to the Company all of its rights to the service mark of Sundance. The Company has not
and does not plan to use the service mark for any service branding. As a result, the Company has
not allocated any value to Sundances service mark. The amounts paid under this agreement have been
classified as sales, marketing and customer service because Sundance was only in a position to
provide sales and marketing support and customer service support with utility interconnection,
rebate processing and training for owner education. Sundance did not have the working capital to
purchase hardware, specifically photovoltaic panels and inverters, needed for the four specified
projects or any other projects that the Company secured.
In December 2006, Solar Power, Inc. became a public company through its reverse merger with
Solar Power, Inc. (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.). The accompanying consolidated financial statements
reflect the results of the operations of Solar Power, Inc., its predecessor, International Assembly
Solutions, Limited and their subsidiaries.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the
Solar Power, Inc., its predecessor and their subsidiaries. Intercompany balances, transactions and
cash flows are eliminated on consolidation.
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Table of Contents
Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash accounts and
interest bearing savings accounts. At times, cash balances may be in excess of FDIC insurance
limits. The Company has not experienced any losses with
respect to bank balances in excess of government provided insurance. At December 31, 2008 and
2007, the Company held approximately $5,213,000 and $8,901,000 in bank balances in excess of the
insurance limits.
Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined by the weighted average
cost method, or market. Work-in-progress and finished goods inventories consist of raw materials,
direct labor and overhead associated with the manufacturing process. Provisions are made for
obsolete or slow-moving inventory based on management estimates. Inventories are written down based
on the difference between the cost of inventories and the net realizable value based upon estimates
about future demand from customers and specific customer requirements on certain projects.
Anti-dilutive Shares SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share, provides for the calculation of
basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed
by dividing income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common
shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of
securities by adding other common stock equivalents, including common stock options, warrants, and
restricted common stock, in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for a period,
if dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is
anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007
4,723,202 and 2,843,965 shares of common stock equivalents, respectively were excluded from the computation of
diluted earnings per share since their effect would be anti-dilutive.
Plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost including the cost of
improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation and
amortization are provided on the straight line method based on the estimated useful lives of the
assets as follows:
Plant and machinery
|
5 years | |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
|
5 years | |
Computers and software
|
3 5 years | |
Equipment acquired under capital leases
|
3 5 years | |
Automobiles
|
3 years | |
Leasehold improvements
|
the initial lease term |
Goodwill Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of net assets
acquired. The Company applies Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 Goodwill and
other Intangible Assets, which requires the carrying value of goodwill to be evaluated for
impairment on an annual basis, using a fair-value-based approach. No impairment of goodwill has
been identified during any of the periods presented.
Revenue
recognition The Companys three primary business segments include photovoltaic
installation, integration and sales, franchise operations and cable, wire and mechanical
assemblies.
Photovoltaic installation, integration and sales In our photovoltaic systems installation,
integration and product sales segment, revenue on product sales is recognized when there is
evidence of an arrangement, title and risk of ownership have passed (generally upon delivery), the
price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. Customers do
not have a general right of return on products shipped therefore we make no provisions for returns.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2008, the Company did recognize one product sale on a bill and
hold arrangement. In this instance the customer did not have sufficient facilities to store the
product and asked that we store the product for them. Since all criteria for revenue recognition
had been met the Company recognized revenue on this sale.
Revenue on photovoltaic system construction contracts is recognized using the percentage of
completion method of accounting. At the end of each period, the Company measures the cost incurred
on each project and compares the result against its estimated total costs at completion. The
percent of cost incurred determines the amount of revenue to be recognized. Payment terms are
generally defined by the contract and as a result may not match the timing of the costs incurred by
the Company and the related recognition of revenue. Such differences are recorded as costs and
estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts or billings in excess of costs
and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts. The Company determines its customers credit
worthiness at the time the order is accepted. Sudden and unexpected changes in customers financial
condition could put recoverability at risk.
In our solar photovoltaic business, contract costs include all direct material and labor costs and
those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools,
repairs, and depreciation costs. Selling and general and administrative costs are
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Table of Contents
charged to
expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the
period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and
estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty
provisions, and final contract settlements may result in revisions to costs and income and are
recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Profit incentives are included in
revenues when their realization is reasonably assured.
The assets, Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. The liability, Billings in excess of
costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts, represents billings in excess of revenues
recognized.
Franchise Operations The Company began selling franchise territories in fiscal 2008. The
Company did not recognize any franchise revenue in its fiscal 2008 financial statements. The
Company has adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 45 (as
amended) Accounting for Franchise Fee Revenue (SFAS 45) which requires that revenue shall be
recognized when all the material services or conditions relating to the sale have been
substantially met. The Company has determined that when the franchisee places its first order for
a solar installation all the material services or conditions will be deemed to have been met. At
December 31, 2008 the Company had $350,000 of deferred revenue included in its financial statements
from franchise fees.
Cable, wire and mechanical assemblies In our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business
the Company recognizes the sales of goods when there is evidence of an arrangement, title and risk
of ownership have passed (generally upon delivery), the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable
and collectability is reasonably assured. Generally there are no formal customer acceptance
requirements or further obligations related to our assembly services once we ship our products.
Customers do not have a general right of return on products shipped therefore we make no provisions
for returns. We make determination of our customers credit worthiness at the time we accept their
order.
Allowance for doubtful accounts The Company regularly monitors and assesses the risk of not
collecting amounts owed to the Company by customers. This evaluation is based upon a variety of
factors including: an analysis of amounts current and past due along with relevant history and
facts particular to the customer. It requires the Company to make significant estimates, and
changes in facts and circumstances could result in material changes in the allowance for doubtful
accounts. At December 31, 2008 and 2007 the Company has recorded an allowance of approximately
$49,000 and $48,000, respectively.
Stock-based compensation Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment. (SFAS
No. 123(R)) which requires the Company to measure the stock-based compensation costs of
share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and generally recognizes
the costs in the financial statements over the employee requisite service period. Stock-based
compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted was based on the grant-date
fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). Prior to 2006 the
Company had not issued stock options or other forms of stock-based compensation.
Shipping and handling cost Shipping and handling costs related to the delivery of finished
goods are included in cost of goods sold. During the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007,
shipping and handling costs expensed to cost of goods sold were
approximately $634,000 and $350,000, respectively.
Advertising costs Costs for newspaper, television, radio, and other media and design are
expensed as incurred. The Company expenses the production costs of advertising the first time the
advertising takes place. The costs for this type of advertising were
approximately $293,000 and $337,000 during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Product Warranties We offer the industry standard of 20 years for our solar modules and
industry standard five (5) years on inverter and balance of system components. Due to the warranty
period, we bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have shipped product and
recognized revenue. In our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business, historically our
warranty claims have not been material. In our solar photovoltaic business our greatest warranty
exposure is in the form of product replacement. Until the third quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company
purchased its solar panels from third-party suppliers and since the third-party warranties are
consistent with industry standards we considered our financial exposure to warranty claims
immaterial. Certain photovoltaic construction contracts entered into during the year ended December
31, 2007 included provisions under which the Company agreed to provide warranties to the buyer, and
during the quarter ended September 30, 2007, the Company began installing its own manufactured
solar panels. As a result, the Company recorded the provision for the estimated warranty exposure
on these contracts within cost of sales. Since the Company does not have sufficient historical data
to estimate its exposure, we have looked to historical data reported by other solar system
installers and manufacturers. In our cable, wire and mechanical assemblies business our current
standard product warranty for our mechanical assembly product ranges from one to five years. The
Company has provided a warranty reserve of approximately $641,000 and $103,000 for the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
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Income taxes We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting
and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using
enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected
to reverse. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the weight of available evidence,
including expected future earnings. A valuation allowance is recognized if it is more likely than
not that some portion, or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
In June, 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48,
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN
48), which is intended to create a single model to address uncertainty in income tax positions.
FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions by prescribing the minimum
recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial
statements. In addition, FIN 48 clearly scopes out income taxes from Financial Accounting
Standards Board Statement No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (SFAS 5).
FIN 48 outlines a two step approach in accounting for uncertain tax positions. First is
recognition, which occurs when the Company concludes that a tax position is more likely than not to
be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits. FIN 48 specifically prohibits
the use of a valuation allowance as a substitute for derecognition of tax positions. Second is
measurement. Only after a tax position passes the first step of recognition will measurement be
required. Under the measurement step, the tax benefit is measured as the largest amount of benefit
that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement. This is determined on a
cumulative probability basis. The phrase more likely than not has the same meaning under FIN 48
as it does under Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No 109 Accounting for Income
Taxes (FAS 109) (i.e. a likelihood of occurrence greater than 50 percent).
Management intends to comply with FIN 48 and to provide adequate documentation of its efforts,
judgments and conclusions related to any material uncertain tax positions. Management intends to
conduct this task in as cost efficient manner as possible with an emphasis on items with the
potential to have a material effect on the financial statements.
Foreign currency translation The consolidated financial statements of the Company are
presented in U.S. dollars and the Company conducts substantially all of their business in U.S.
dollars.
All assets and liabilities in the balance sheets of foreign subsidiaries whose functional
currency is other than U.S. dollars are translated at period-end exchange rates. All income and
expenditure items in the income statements of foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is
other than U.S. dollars are translated at average annual exchange rates. Translation gains and
losses arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries whose
functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar are not included in determining net income but
are accumulated in a separate component of stockholders equity as a component of comprehensive
income. The functional currency of the Companys operations in the Peoples Republic of China is
the Renminbi.
Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions are included
in income.
Aggregate net foreign currency transaction income included in the income statement was
approximately $228,000 and $214,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Comprehensive income (loss) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 130, Reporting
Comprehensive Income, establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components
in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements.
Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity during the period from non-owner
sources. Examples of items to be included in comprehensive income, which are excluded from net
income, include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gain (loss) of
available-for-sale securities. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, comprehensive loss
was $8,960,000, composed of a net loss of approximately $8,738,000 and a foreign currency
translation loss of $222,000 and $7,194,000 (equal to the net loss), respectively.
Post-retirement and post-employment benefits The Companys subsidiaries which are located
in the Peoples Republic of China contribute to a state pension scheme on behalf of its employees.
The Company recorded approximately $53,000 and $44,000 in expense related to its pension
contributions for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Neither the
Company nor its subsidiaries provide any other post-retirement or post-employment benefits.
Use of estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. With respect to the
acquisition of DRCI by Solar Power, Inc. a California corporation, the Company estimated the fair
value of contracts acquired based on certain assumptions to be approximately $637,000. The Company
estimated the value of each contract opportunity acquired by estimating the percentage of contracts
that would be
F-11
Table of Contents
signed and by applying a comparable acquisition cost to each contract based on the
Companys current sales subcontractor commission rates.
3. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes (FIN 48). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprises financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income
Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial
statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax
return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and
penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. This Interpretation is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006, with earlier adoption permitted. The
Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, on January 1, 2007. This interpretation, among other
things, creates a two-step approach for evaluating uncertain tax positions. Recognition occurs when
an enterprise concludes that a tax position, based on its technical merits, is more-likely-than-not
to be sustained upon examination. Measurement determines the amount of benefit that
more-likely-than-not will be realized upon ultimate settlement. De-recognition of a tax position
that was previously recognized would occur when a company subsequently determines that a tax
position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. FIN 48 specifically
prohibits the use of a valuation allowance as a substitute for de-recognition of tax positions, and
it has expanded disclosure requirements.
As
of December 31, 2008, we have unrecognized tax benefits of
approximately $248,000. While
the Company does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized benefit will significantly change
over the next 12 months, it is reasonably possible that a change could occur. However, a reliable
estimate cannot be made at this time.
Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, which prescribes a
comprehensive model for how a company should recognize, measure, present and disclose in its
financial statements uncertain tax positions that the company has taken or expects to take on a tax
return. The Company had $248,000 and zero, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits as of
December 31, 2008 and 2007. The Company does not anticipate that any of the unrecognized tax
benefits will increase or decrease significantly over the next twelve months.
Reconciliation
of the unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Beginning Balance |
| $ | | |||||
Additions for current year tax
positions |
$ | 166 | | |||||
Reductions for current year tax
positions |
| | ||||||
Additions for prior year tax positions |
82 | | ||||||
Reductions for prior year tax positions |
| | ||||||
Settlements |
| | ||||||
Reductions related to expirations of statute of limitations |
| | ||||||
Ending Balance |
$ | 248 | $ | | ||||
We file a federal income tax return in the U.S., as well as income tax returns in California
and Colorado, and certain other foreign jurisdictions. We are currently not the subject of any
income tax examinations, however, all prior periods remain open to examination in the future.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No.
157, Fair Value Measurements. (FAS 157) FAS 157 establishes a common definition for fair value
to be applied to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America guidance
requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands
disclosure about such fair value measurements. FAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued
for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years.
In February 2008 FASB issued Staff Position 157-2 that defers the effective date of FAS 157 for
non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or
disclosed a fair
F-12
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value in financial statements on a recurring basis, for fiscal years beginning after November 15,
2008. In addition, FAS also agreed to exclude from scope of FASB 157 fair value measurements made
for purposes of applying FAS No. 13 Accounting for Leases and related interpretive accounting
pronouncements. The adoption of FAS No. 157 for financial assets and liabilities did not have a
material effect on the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect the adoption
of FAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities to have a material impact on the
consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and
Financial Liabilities Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, (FAS 159) which
permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair
value at specified election dates. A business entity is required to report unrealized gains and
losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent
reporting date. This statement is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement. FAS 159 is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after July 1, 2008. The
adoption of FAS No. 159 did ot have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 141(R), Business Combinations (FAS No. 141(R))
which requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize all (and only) the
assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair
value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires
the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information they need to evaluate
and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. FAS No. 141(R) is
prospectively effective to business combinations for which the acquisition is on or after the
beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The impact
of FAS No. 141(R) on the Companys consolidated financial statements will be determined in part by
the nature and timing of any future acquisitions completed by it.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FAS No. 160, Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements (as amended) (FAS 160) which improves the relevance, comparability, and
transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report
non-controlling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way as equity consolidated
financial statements. Moreover, FAS No. 160 eliminates the diversity that currently exists in
accounting for transactions between an entity and non-controlling interests by requiring they be
treated as equity transactions. FAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods
within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008; earlier adoption is prohibited.
The Company is currently evaluating the impact that FAS 160 will have on its consolidated financial
statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued FAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivatives Instruments and
Hedging Activities, an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (FAS 161). FAS 161 requires enhanced
disclosures about a companys derivative and hedging activities. FAS 161 is effective for financial
statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently
evaluating the impact of the adoption of FAS 161 and does not expect adoption to have a material
impact on results of operations, cash flows or financial position.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS No. 142-3, Determination of the
Useful Life of Intangible Assets. The FSP amends the factors an entity should consider in
developing renewal or extension assumptions used in determining the useful life of recognized
intangible assets under FAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The FSP must be
applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. The Company will
apply the guidance of the FSP to intangible assets acquired after January 1, 2009.
4. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Raw material |
$ | 2,184 | $ | 2,036 | ||||
Finished goods |
2,538 | 4,927 | ||||||
Provision for obsolete stock |
(57 | ) | (18 | ) | ||||
Total |
$ | 4,665 | $ | 6,945 | ||||
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5. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets at December 31 were (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Deferred costs |
$ | | $ | 125 | ||||
Rental, equipment and utility deposits |
274 | 339 | ||||||
Deposits |
158 | 118 | ||||||
Insurance |
127 | 135 | ||||||
Advertising |
124 | 166 | ||||||
Other |
88 | 84 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 771 | $ | 967 | ||||
6. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment at December 31 were (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Plant and machinery |
$ | 661 | $ | 787 | ||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
260 | 215 | ||||||
Computers and software |
754 | 261 | ||||||
Equipment acquired under capital leases |
709 | 709 | ||||||
Automobiles |
246 | 246 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements |
610 | 198 | ||||||
Total cost |
3,240 | 2,416 | ||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and
amortization |
(1,062 | ) | (350 | ) | ||||
$ | 2,178 | $ | 2,066 | |||||
Depreciation expense was approximately $700,000 and $330,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. |
7. Other Accrued Liabilities
Other accrued liabilities at December 31
were (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Accrued payroll |
$ | 782 | $ | 490 | ||||
Sales tax payable |
258 | 557 | ||||||
Warranty reserve |
743 | 103 | ||||||
Customer deposits |
718 | 399 | ||||||
Insurance premium financing |
101 | 87 | ||||||
Accrued construction costs |
162 | 212 | ||||||
Accrued interest payable |
| 15 | ||||||
Other |
69 | 200 | ||||||
$ | 2,833 | $ | 2,063 | |||||
8. Stockholders Equity
Issuance of common stock
On August 28, 2008, the Company issued 6,000 shares of its common stock pursuant to a
resolution of the Companys Board of Directors, on August 20, 2008, as a gift to the children of a
deceased employee. The shares were fair-valued at $1.30, the closing price of the Companys common
stock on August 20, 2008 and the Company recorded approximately $8,000 in expense related to this
transaction.
On August 20, 2008, the Company issued 50,000 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to
the Companys 2006 Equity Incentive Plan as a signing bonus to a new employee. The shares were
fair-valued at $1.30, the closing price of the Companys common stock on August 8, 2008, the date
of grant. On the date of grant 25,000 shares vested. The remaining 25,000 shares will vest on
August 8, 2009.
F-14
Table of Contents
On June 4, 2008, the Company issued 10,000 shares of its common stock pursuant to a consulting
agreement for services rendered to the Company. The shares were
fair-valued at $1.50, the closing
price of the Companys common stock on June 4, 2008 and the Company recorded $15,000 in expense
related to this transaction.
On April 15, 2008, the Company issued 50,000 shares of restricted common stock pursuant to the
Companys 2006 Equity Incentive Plan as a signing bonus to a new employee. The shares were
fair-valued at $1.30, the closing price of the Companys common stock on April 15, 2008, the date
of grant. On the date of grant 25,000 shares vested. The remaining 25,000 shares will vest on April
15, 2009.
On March 31, 2008, the Company issued 18,695 shares of its common stock through the exercise
of stock options from its 2006 equity incentive plan. The shares were issued at an exercise price
of $1.00 per share.
On March 12, 2008, the Company issued 13,367 shares of its common stock to its independent
directors. The shares were fair valued at $3.45 per share, the closing price of the Companys
common stock on December 24, 2007, the date of grant. The shares were fully vested.
On February 28, 2008, the Company issued 50,000 shares of its common stock through the
exercise of stock options from its 2006 equity incentive plan. The shares were issued at an
exercise price of $1.00 per share.
In December 2007, we completed a private placement of 4,513,911 shares of restricted common
stock at a purchase price of $2.60 per share to 46 accredited investors. The accredited investors
also received warrants to purchase 1,354,163 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.90
per share expiring on December 20, 2012. Additionally, our placement agent, Needham & Company, LLC
additionally received warrants to purchase 135,417 shares to purchase our common stock at an
exercise price of $3.90 per share expiring on December 20, 2012. The shares were offered and sold
by us in reliance on Section 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act, and comparable exemptions
for sales under state securities laws.
In November 2007, we issued 50,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise of a
warrant issued for consulting services at an exercise price of $1.00 per share.
In September 2007, we issued 50,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to the terms of a
consulting agreement. The shares were fair-valued at $1.00 per share, the price of our most recent
private placement since our shares were not trading publically at the time. The Company expensed
$50,000 during the year ended December 31, 2007.
In August 2007, we issued 42,500 shares of our common stock in settlement of an obligation.
The shares were fair-valued at $1.00 per share.
In April 2007, we entered into our standard Securities Purchase Agreement with E-Ton Solar
Tech, Co., Ltd. (E-Ton) a foreign accredited investor as part of a private placement to raise
$500,000 (the Financing). In connection with the Financing, we sold an aggregate of 500,000
shares of restricted common stock at a purchase price of $1.00 per share (the per share price of
our most recent private placement) for an aggregate sale price of $500,000 to E-Ton.
In February 2007, we issued 31,435 shares of our common stock in settlement of an obligation.
The shares were fair-valued at $1.00.
In December 2006, the Company issued 500,000 shares of its common stock in exchange for
$425,000 in cash and the settlement of an obligation totaling $75,000.
In December 2006, the Company affected a reverse merger with Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada
Corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.). The Company was determined to be the accounting acquirer
for purposes of recording the transaction. Prior to the reverse merger the Companys and Solar
Power, Inc., a Nevada Corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) outstanding shares of common stock
totaled 14,500,000 and 17,666,667, respectively. Subsequent to the reverse merger the Company
issued 100,000 shares of restricted common stock. Accordingly, the outstanding shares of the
Company at December 31, 2006 consist of the sum of the shares of the Company, Solar Power, Inc., a
Nevada Corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) and the shares of restricted common stock. In
conjunction with the reverse merger, the Company recorded the net assets of Solar Power, Inc., a
Nevada Corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), less direct transaction costs, as an increase to
its additional paid in capital. The assets and liabilities of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada
Corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.) consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents of
$11,214,007 and was recorded at their historical values.
F-15
Table of Contents
Issuance of warrants to purchase common stock
In December 2007, in conjunction with our private placement, we issued warrants to purchase
1,354,163 shares of our common stock to participants of the private placement at an exercise price
of $3.90 per share. In addition we issued a warrant to purchase 135,417 shares of our common stock
at an exercise price of $3.90 as compensation for services to our placement agent, Needham &
Company LLC. These warrants were fair-valued at $2.09 per share using the Black-Scholes model.
The warrants expire on December 20, 2012.
In September 2007, pursuant to a consulting agreement, we issued a warrant to purchase 50,000
shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share expiring on August 30, 2012. The
warrant was fair-valued at $0.72 per share using the Black-Scholes model.
In August 2007, we issued warrants to purchase 76,722 shares of our common stock in settlement
of an obligation at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. These warrants were fair-valued at $0.73
per share using the Black-Scholes model.
Prior to the reverse merger, in conjunction with a private placement, concluded on October 4,
2006, 800,000 warrants to purchase the Companys common stock with an exercise price of $1.15 per
share were issued to Roth Capital Partners for acting as the private placement agent. The terms of
the warrants are five years, expiring on October 4, 2011. The warrants are transferable and are
exercisable by the Holder at any time after the original date of issuance until and including the
expiration date. The terms of the warrants provide for adjustment to the exercise price for common
stock dividends, capital stock distributions, and stock splits. There is no performance
requirements associated with these warrants. The Company treated the estimated fair value of these
warrants as part of the cost of the private placement.
Assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of warrants issued using the
Black-Scholes model were as follows:
Expected | Risk-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise | Fair-Value | Term in | interest | Dividend | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Date Issued | Price | (in thousands) | years | rate | Volatility | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||
In conjunction with private placement
|
10/4/2006 | $ | 1.15 | $ | 422 | 5.00 | 4.69 | % | 92 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||||||
In settlement of an obligation
|
8/30/2007 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 56 | 5.00 | 4.21 | % | 92 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||||||
For services rendered
|
9/1/2007 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 36 | 5.00 | 4.33 | % | 92 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||||||
In conjunction with private placement
|
12/20/2007 | $ | 3.90 | $ | 3,113 | 5.00 | 3.39 | % | 83 | % | 0 | % |
9. Income Taxes
Loss before provision for income taxes is attributable to the following geographic locations
for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
United States |
$ | (11,972 | ) | $ | (7,941 | ) | ||
Foreign |
3,401 | 808 | ||||||
$ | (8,571 | ) | $ | (7,133 | ) | |||
The provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Current: |
||||||||
Federal |
$ | | $ | | ||||
State |
3 | 3 | ||||||
Foreign |
164 | 58 | ||||||
167 | 61 | |||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||
Federal |
| | ||||||
State |
| | ||||||
Foreign |
| | ||||||
| | |||||||
Total provision for income taxes |
$ | 167 | $ | 61 | ||||
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Table of Contents
The reconciliation between the actual income tax expense and income tax computed by applying
the statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate to loss before provision for income taxes for the years
ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Benefit for income taxes at U.S.
Federal statutory rate |
$ | (3,001 | ) | $ | (2,496 | ) | ||
State taxes, net of federal benefit |
2 | 1 | ||||||
Foreign taxes at different rate |
(1,026 | ) | (225 | ) | ||||
Non-deductible expenses |
18 | 10 | ||||||
Valuation allowance |
4,184 | 2,776 | ||||||
Other |
(8 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||
$ | 169 | $ | 61 | |||||
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31 are presented below (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Deferred income tax assets: |
||||||||
Net operating loss carry forwards |
$ | 8,397 | $ | 3,858 | ||||
Other temporary differences |
396 | 303 | ||||||
8,793 | 4,161 | |||||||
Valuation allowance |
(8,793 | ) | (4,161 | ) | ||||
Total deferred income tax assets |
| | ||||||
Net deferred tax assets |
$ | | $ | | ||||
SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (as amended), provides for the recognition of deferred
tax assets if it is more likely than not that those deferred tax assets will be realized.
Management reviews deferred tax assets periodically for recoverability and makes estimates and
judgments regarding the expected geographic sources of taxable income in assessing the need for a
valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value. Realization
of our deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, if any, the timing and amount of
which are uncertain. Because of our lack of earnings history, the net deferred tax assets have been
fully offset by a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by $4.6 million and $3.1
million during the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2008,
the Company had a net operating loss carry forward for federal income tax purposes of approximately
$18.9 million, which will expire starting in year 2027. The Company had a state net operating loss
carry forward of approximately $18.8 million, which will expire starting in year 2027.
Utilization of the federal and state net operating loss and credit carry forwards may be
subject to an annual limitation due to the change in ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of
net operating losses and credits before utilization.
The Company intends to permanently reinvest all foreign earnings in foreign jurisdictions and
has calculated its tax liability and deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities accordingly.
PRC Taxation Enterprise income tax in the PRC is generally charged at 33%, of which 30% is
for national tax and 3% is for local tax, of the assessable profit. The subsidiary of the Company
is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise established in Shenzhen, the PRC, and is engaged in
production-oriented activities; according to enterprise income tax laws for foreign enterprises,
the national tax rate is reduced to 15%. Pursuant to the same income tax laws, the subsidiary is
also exempted from the PRC enterprise income tax for two years starting from the first
profit-making year, followed by a 50% tax exemption for the next three years. The Company has yet
to start its first profit-making year.
F-17
Table of Contents
Hong Kong Taxation A subsidiary of the Company is incorporated in Hong Kong and is subject
to Hong Kong profits tax. The Company is subject to Hong Kong taxation on its activities conducted
in Hong Kong and income arising in or derived from Hong Kong. The applicable profits tax rate for
all periods is 17.5%. A provision of approximately $164,000 and $58,000 for profits tax
was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
10. Stock-based Compensation
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (FAS 123(R)) which requires the
Company to measure the stock-based compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements
based on the grant-date fair value and recognizes the costs in the financial statements over the
employee requisite service period. Stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based
compensation awards granted was based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the
provisions of FAS 123(R). Prior to 2006 the Company had not issued stock options or other forms of
stock-based compensation.
The following table summarizes the consolidated stock-based compensation expense, by type of
awards (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Employee stock options |
$ | 407 | $ | 416 | ||||
Restricted stock |
141 | 125 | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation
expense |
$ | 548 | $ | 541 | ||||
The following table summarizes the consolidated stock-based compensation by line items (in
thousands):
Years Ended December 31 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
General and administrative |
$ | 404 | $ | 490 | ||||
Sales, marketing and customer service |
110 | 51 | ||||||
Engineering, design and product development |
34 | | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
548 | 541 | ||||||
Tax effect on stock-based compensation expense |
| | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense after income taxes |
$ | 548 | $ | 541 | ||||
Effect on net loss per share: |
||||||||
Basic and diluted |
$ | 0.014 | $ | 0.016 | ||||
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Table of Contents
As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations is
based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures in
accordance with FAS 123(R). FAS 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant
and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Determining Fair Value
Valuation and Amortization Method The Company estimates the fair value of service-based and
performance-based stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing formula. The fair
value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards,
which is generally the vesting period. In the case of performance-based stock options, amortization
does not begin until it is determined that meeting the performance criteria is probable.
Service-based and performance-based options typically have a five year life from date of grant and
vesting periods of three to four years. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and for the period
from January 1, 2007 to September 23, 2007 the fair value of share awards granted was determined by
the last private placement price of our common stock since our shares were not trading during that
time. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting
period.
Expected Term The Companys expected term represents the period that the Companys
stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. For awards granted subject only to service
vesting requirements, the Company utilizes the simplified method under the provisions of Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB No. 107) for estimating the expected term of the stock-based
award, instead of historical exercise data. Prior to 2006 the Company did not issue share-based
payment awards and as a result there is no historical data on option exercises. For its
performance-based awards, the Company has determined the expected term life to be 5 years based on
contractual life, the seniority of the recipient and absence of historical data on the exercise of
such options.
Expected Volatility Because there is minimal history of stock price returns, the Company
does not have sufficient historical volatility data for its equity awards. Accordingly, the Company
has chosen to use its historical volatility rates as well as rates for a publicly-traded U.S.-based
direct competitor to calculate the volatility for its granted options.
Expected Dividend The Company has never paid dividends on its common shares and currently
does not intend to do so, and accordingly, the dividend yield percentage is zero for all periods.
Risk-Free Interest Rate The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the
Black-Scholes valuation method upon the implied yield curve currently available on U.S. Treasury
zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term used as the assumption in the
model.
Assumptions used in the determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards using
the Black-Scholes model were as follows:
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Service-based | Performance-based | Service-based | Performance-based | |||||||||||||
Expected term |
3.25 - 3.75 | N/A | 2.5-3.75 | N/A | ||||||||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
2.26 - 2.74 | % | N/A | 3.59% - 4.92 | % | N/A | ||||||||||
Volatility |
75% - 87 | % | N/A | 83% - 92 | % | N/A | ||||||||||
Dividend yield |
0 | % | N/A | 0 | % | N/A |
Equity Incentive Plan
On November 15, 2006, subject to approval of the stockholders, the Company adopted the 2006
Equity Incentive Plan (the Plan) which permits the Company to grant stock options to directors,
officers or employees of the Company or others to purchase shares of common stock of the Company
through awards of incentive and nonqualified stock options
(Option), stock (Restricted Stock
or Unrestricted Stock) and stock appreciation rights (SARs). The Plan was approved by the
stockholders on February 7, 2007.
F-19
Table of Contents
The Company currently has service-based and performance-based options and restricted stock
grants outstanding. The service-based options vest in 25% increments and expire five years from the
date of grant. Performance-based options vest upon satisfaction of the performance criteria as
determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and expire five years from the
date of grant. The restriction period on restricted shares shall expire at a rate of 25% per year
over four years.
Total number of shares reserved and available for grant and issuance pursuant to this Plan is
equal to nine percent (9%) of the number of outstanding shares of the Company. Not more than two
million (2,000,000) shares of stock shall be granted in the form of incentive stock options.
Shares issued under the Plan will be drawn from authorized and un-issued shares or shares now
held or subsequently acquired by the Company.
Outstanding shares of the Company shall, for purposes of such calculation, include the number
of shares of stock into which other securities or instruments issued by the Company are currently
convertible (e.g. convertible preferred stock, convertible debentures, or warrants for common
stock), but not outstanding options to acquire stock.
At December 31, 2008 there were approximately 3,612,386 shares available to be issued under
the plan (9% of the outstanding shares of 37,771,325 plus outstanding warrants of 2,366,302). There
were 2,670,267 options and restricted shares issued under the plan, 87,472 options exercised under
the plan and 854,647 shares available to be issued.
The exercise price of any Option will be determined by the Company when the Option is granted
and may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, and the
exercise price of any incentive stock option granted to a Stockholder with a 10% or greater
shareholding will not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of
grant. The exercise price per share of a SAR will be determined by the Company at the time of
grant, but will in no event be less than the fair market value of a share of Companys stock on the
date of grant.
The following table summarizes the Companys stock option activities:
Weighted- | Weighted- | |||||||||||||||
Average | Average | Aggregate | ||||||||||||||
Exercise | Remaining | Intrinsic | ||||||||||||||
Price Per | Contractual | Value | ||||||||||||||
Shares | Share | Term | ($000) | |||||||||||||
Outstanding as of January 1, 2007 |
1,900,000 | $ | 1.00 | 3.75 | $ | 760 | ||||||||||
Granted |
583,900 | 1.10 | 4.11 | 175 | ||||||||||||
Exercised |
(18,750 | ) | 1.00 | | | |||||||||||
Forfeited |
(497,917 | ) | 1.00 | | | |||||||||||
Outstanding December 31, 2007 |
1,967,233 | 1.03 | 3.88 | | ||||||||||||
Granted |
618,000 | 1.96 | 4.20 | | ||||||||||||
Exercised |
(68,695 | ) | 1.00 | | | |||||||||||
Forfeited |
(159,638 | ) | 1.01 | | | |||||||||||
Outstanding December 31, 2008 |
2,356,900 | 1.28 | 3.45 | | ||||||||||||
Exercisable December 31, 2008 |
1,182,566 | $ | 1.12 | 3.24 | $ | | ||||||||||
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2008 and 2007 was $1.07
and $0.72, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2008 and 2007 was
$65,000 and $52,500, respectively.
F-20
Table of Contents
The following table summarizes the Companys restricted stock activities:
Shares | ||||
Outstanding as of January 1, 2007 |
100,000 | |||
Granted |
100,000 | |||
Exercised |
| |||
Forfeited |
| |||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2007 |
200,000 | |||
Granted |
113,367 | |||
Exercised |
| |||
Forfeited |
| |||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2008 |
313,367 | |||
Vested as of December 31, 2008 |
238,367 | |||
Changes in the Companys non-vested stock options are summarized as follows:
Stock-based Options | Performance-based Options | Restricted Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-Average | Weighted-Average | Weighted-Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Grant Date Fair | Grant Date Fair | Grant Date Fair | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Value Per Share | Shares | Value Per Share | Shares | Value Per Share | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-vested as of January 1, 2007 |
1,125,000 | $ | 0.66 | 300,000 | $ | 0.73 | 75,000 | $ | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
Granted |
583,900 | 0.72 | | | 100,000 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(353,441 | ) | 0.66 | (50,000 | ) | 0.73 | (125,000 | ) | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(279,167 | ) | 0.66 | (150,000 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Non-vested as of December 31, 2007 |
1,076,292 | 0.67 | 100,000 | 0.73 | 50,000 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
Granted |
618,000 | 1.07 | | | 113,367 | 1.55 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vested |
(411,320 | ) | 0.66 | (50,000 | ) | 0.73 | (88,367 | ) | 1.54 | |||||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(158,638 | ) | 0.70 | | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Non-vested as of December 31, 2008 |
1,124,334 | $ | 0.84 | 50,000 | $ | 0.73 | 75,000 | $ | 1.20 | |||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2008, there was approximately $865,000, $33,000 and $90,000 of unrecognized
compensation cost related to non-vested service-based options, performance-based options and
restricted stock grants, respectively. The cost is expected to be recognized over a
weighted-average of 3.0 years for service-based options and restricted stock grants and 4.0 years
for performance-based options. The total fair value of shares vested during the year ended December
31, 2008 was $271,000, $37,000 and $136,000 for service-based options, performance-based options
and restricted stock grants, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during the year
ended December 31, 2007 was $244,000, $37,000 and $125,000 for service-based options,
performance-based options and restricted stock grants, respectively. There were no changes to the contractual life of any fully vested options during
the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.
11. Line of Credit
On June 25, 2007, the Company entered into an agreement with China Merchants Bank for a
working capital line of credit through its wholly owned subsidiary, IAS Electronics (Shenzhen) Co.,
Ltd. in the amount of $6,800,000 RMB or approximately $976,000 at the rate ath the time of
repayment. The term of the agreement was one year with an annual interest rate of 6.75 percent.
The line was secured by a $1,000,000 standby letter of credit collateralized by the Companys
cash deposits. The Company did not renew this line of credit, and as a result, the letter of credit
collateralizing the line was released by China Merchants Bank and the restricted cash collateral
was released for use by the Company.
F-21
Table of Contents
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Letters of Credit At December 31, 2008, the Company had outstanding standby letters of
credit of approximately $500,825 as collateral for its capital leases. The standby letters of
credit are issued for a term of one year, mature beginning in September 2009 and the Company paid
one percent of the face value as an origination fee. These letters of credit are collateralized by
$527,000 of the Companys cash deposits.
Guarantee of Performance On August 14, 2007, Solar Power, Inc. entered into a guarantee of
the financial performance for its wholly owned subsidiary, Yes! Solar, Inc. in conjunction with the
submission of Yes! Solar, Incs. Uniform Franchise Offering Circular to the California Department
of Corporations. This guarantee remains in force as of December 31, 2008.
Operating leases The Company leases premises under various operating leases which expire
through 2012. Rental expenses under operating leases included in the statement of operations were
approximately $834,000 and $502,000 for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company was obligated under operating leases requiring minimum rentals as follows (in
thousands):
Years ending December 31, |
||||
2009 |
$ | 626 | ||
2010 |
454 | |||
2011 |
459 | |||
2012 |
310 | |||
Total minimum payments |
$ | 1,849 | ||
The Company was obligated under notes payable requiring minimum payments as follows (in thousands):
Years ending December 31, |
||||
2009 |
$ | 51 | ||
2010 |
52 | |||
2011 |
44 | |||
2012 |
6 | |||
153 | ||||
Less current portion |
(50 | ) | ||
Long-term portion |
$ | 103 | ||
The notes payable are collateralized by trucks used in the Companys solar photovoltaic
business, bear interest rates between 1.9% and 2.9% and are payable over sixty months.
The Company leases certain equipment under capital leases. The leases expire from January to
October 2010. The Company was obligated for the following minimum payments (in thousands):
Years ending December 31, |
||||
2009 |
$ | 327 | ||
2010 |
216 | |||
543 | ||||
Less amounts representing interest |
(43 | ) | ||
Present value of net minimum lease payments |
500 | |||
Less current portion |
(292 | ) | ||
Long-term portion |
$ | 208 | ||
On July 24, 2008, the Company and Solyndra Inc., a Delaware corporation (Solyndra) signed a
First Amendment to Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels (Modified Agreement) which amends an
Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels, dated February 19, 2007. The first agreement did not
obligate the Company to any specific terms or conditions only reserved its right to panel
production once Solyndra began manufacturing its product.
The Modified Agreement between the Company and Solyndra, Inc. is a contract for the sale of
photovoltaic panels intended for large flat rooftops, optimized for high energy density production
produced by Solyndra for Solar Power. The Modified Agreement as amended obligates the Company to
purchase a specific quantity of solar panels over the four year term of the Modified Agreement or
F-22
Table of Contents
pay a cancellation penalty of as much as $6.5 Million. In fiscal 2009, the cancellation penalty could be as much as $740,000. The final selling price to the Company is
dependent upon the price that Solyndra, Inc. sells the same product to other third-party customers
and is expected to decline over the term of the agreement.
On December 13, 2007, the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Yes! Solar, Inc. (YES)
entered into a Retailer Program Agreement (the Agreement) with GE Money Bank to provide to YES
retail customers a vehicle to finance solar systems purchased from YES. The agreement provides that
the Company will provide a standby letter of credit equal to the greater of $50,000 or one percent
of sales under the Agreement. A standby letter of credit in the amount of $50,000 was issued on
November 14, 2007 as a condition to the execution of the Agreement. The term of the letter of
credit was renewed for an additional year on November 14, 2008. As of December 31, 2008 there were
no sales under this Agreement.
13. Operating Risk
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Major Customers A substantial percentage of the Companys
net revenue comes from sales made to a small number of customers and are typically sold on an open
account basis. Details of customers accounting for 10% or more of total net sales for the years
ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows (in thousands):
Customer | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Sun Technics Ltd. |
$ | 22,706 | $ | | ||||
Solar Power Partners, Inc. |
| 6,102 | ||||||
Siemens Transportation Systems |
| 2,156 | ||||||
$ | 22,706 | $ | 8,258 | |||||
Details of the amounts receivable, including costs and estimated earnings in excess of
billings on uncompleted contracts and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on
uncompleted contracts, from the customers with the largest receivable balances (including all
customers with accounts receivable balances of 10% or more of accounts receivable) at December 31,
2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively are (in thousands):
Customer | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Siemens Transportation |
$ | 665 | $ | | ||||
Cox Enterprises |
620 | 491 | ||||||
Staples Center/Nokia Theatre LA Live |
585 | | ||||||
Deer Park Monastery |
| 554 | ||||||
Solar Power Partners, Inc. |
| 3,680 | ||||||
Angels Camp RV Park |
| 563 | ||||||
Central Park Apartments |
| 204 | ||||||
$ | 1,870 | $ | 5,492 | |||||
Product
Warranties We offer the industry standard of 20 years for our solar modules and
industry standard five (5) years on inverter and balance of system components. Due to the warranty
period, we bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have shipped product and
recognized revenue. In our wire and mechanical assembly business, historically our warranty claims
have not been material. In our solar photovoltaic business our greatest warranty exposure is in the
form of product replacement. Until the third quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company purchased its
solar panels from third-party suppliers and since the third-party warranties are consistent with
industry standards we considered our financial exposure to warranty claims immaterial. During the
quarter ended September 30, 2007, the Company began installing its own manufactured solar panels.
In our cable, wire and mechanical assembly business our current standard product warranty for our
mechanical assembly product ranges from one to five years. As a result, the Company recorded the
provision for the estimated warranty exposure on these construction contracts within cost of sales.
Since the Company does not have sufficient historical data to estimate its exposure, we have looked
to historical data reported by other solar system installers and manufacturers. The accrual for
warranty claims consisted of the following at December 31, 2008 and 207 (in thousands):
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Balance beginning of year |
$ | 103 | $ | | ||||
Provision charged to warranty expense |
641 | 103 | ||||||
Less: warranty claims |
(1 | ) | | |||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 743 | $ | 103 | ||||
F-23
Table of Contents
14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable, notes receivable,
prepayments, notes payable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, accrued payroll and other
payables approximate their respective fair values at each balance sheet date due to the short-term
maturity of these financial instruments.
15. Geographical Information
The Company has three reportable segments: (1) cable, wire and mechanical assemblies and
processing sales (Cable, wire and mechanical assemblies), franchise operations and (3)
photovoltaic installation, integration and solar panel sales (Photovoltaic installation,
integration and sales). The Companys reportable segments are strategic business units that offer
different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires
different technology and marketing strategies. Most of the businesses were acquired as a unit and
the management at the time of acquisition was retained.
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of
significant accounting policies.
Contributions of the major activities, profitability information and asset information of the
Companys reportable segments for the periods ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 are as follows:
Year ended December 31, 2008 | Year ended December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment (in thousands) | Net sales | Inter-segment sales | Income (loss) | Net sales | Inter-segment sales | Income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||
Photovoltaic installation,
integration and sales |
$ | 44,670 | $ | (8,220 | ) | $ | 14,744 | $ | | $ | (8,118 | ) | ||||||||||||
Franchise operations |
| (1,010 | ) | | | |||||||||||||||||||
Cable, wire and mechanical assemblies |
2,751 | 659 | 3,400 | . | 985 | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment total |
47,421 | | (8,571 | ) | 18,144 | | (7,133 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation to consolidated totals: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales eliminations |
| | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated totals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 47,421 | $ | | $ | 18,144 | $ | | ||||||||||||||||
Income before taxes |
$ | (8,571 | ) | $ | (7,133 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 31, 2008 | Year ended December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Segment (in thousands) | Interest income | Interest expense | Interest income | Interest expense | ||||||||||||
Photovoltaic installation,
integration and sales |
$ | 135 | $ | (115 | ) | $ | 287 | $ | (106 | ) | ||||||
Franchise operations |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Cable, wire and mechanical assemblies |
| | | | ||||||||||||
Consolidated total |
$ | 135 | $ | (115 | ) | $ | 287 | $ | (106 | ) | ||||||
F-24
Table of Contents
Year ended December 31, 2008 | Year ended December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | Depreciation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Identifiable | Capital | and | Identifiable | Capital | and | |||||||||||||||||||
Segment (in thousands) | assets | expenditure | amortization | assets | expenditure | amortization | ||||||||||||||||||
Photovoltaic
installation,
integration and sales |
$ | 15,988 | $ | 766 | $ | 685 | $ | 25,503 | $ | 1,034 | $ | 327 | ||||||||||||
Franchise operations |
748 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||
Cable, wire and
mechanical assemblies |
1,059 | | 15 | 1,506 | | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated total |
$ | 17,795 | $ | 766 | $ | 700 | $ | 27,009 | $ | 1,034 | $ | 330 | ||||||||||||
Sales by geographic location are as follows:
Year ended December 31, 2008 | Year ended December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
installation, | Cable, wire and | installation, | Cable, wire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
integration | Franchise | mechanical | integration | Franchise | and mechanical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment (in thousands) | and sales | operations | assemblies | Total | and sales | operations | assemblies | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
United States |
$ | 17,430 | $ | | $ | 2,239 | $ | 19,669 | $ | 14,744 | $ | | $ | 2,548 | $ | 17,292 | ||||||||||||||||
Asia |
27,108 | | | 27,108 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Europe |
132 | | | 132 | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mexico |
| | 512 | $ | 512 | | | 852 | 852 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 44,670 | $ | | $ | 2,751 | $ | 47,421 | $ | 14,744 | $ | | $ | 3,400 | $ | 18,144 | ||||||||||||||||
The location of the Companys identifiable assets is as follows:
Year ended | Year ended | |||||||
Segment (in thousands) | December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||||
United States |
$ | 12,072 | $ | 22,743 | ||||
China (including Hong Kong) |
5,723 | 4,266 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 17,795 | $ | 27,009 | ||||
Income tax expense by geographic location is as follows:
Year ended | Year ended | |||||||
Segment (in thousands) | December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||||
China (including Hong Kong) |
$ | 164 | $ | 58 | ||||
United States |
3 | 3 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 167 | $ | 61 | ||||
F-25
Table of Contents
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No. | Description | |
2.1
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of January 25, 2006 between Welund Fund, Inc. (Delaware) and Welund Fund, Inc. (Nevada) (1) | |
2.2
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Welund Acquisition Corp., a Nevada corporation, and Welund Fund, Inc. a Nevada corporation dated as of August 23, 2006(2) | |
2.3
|
First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 4, 2006(3) | |
2.4
|
Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 1, 2006(4) | |
2.5
|
Third Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated December 21, 2006(5) | |
2.6
|
Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation and Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc., a California corporation, and James M. Underwood, Ronald H. Stickney and Todd Lindstrom, dated as of August 20, 2006, as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated October 31, 2006, and further amended by the Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger dated November 15, 2006(17) | |
2.7
|
Agreement of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc., a California corporation, and James M. Underwood, Ronald H. Stickney and Todd Lindstrom dated November 15, 2006(17) | |
2.8
|
Agreement of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation and Welund Acquisition Corp., a Nevada corporation dated December 29, 2006(17) | |
2.9
|
Agreement of Merger by and between Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, dated February 14, 2007 (6) | |
3.1
|
Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation(6) | |
3.2
|
Bylaws(6) | |
3.3
|
Specimen (17) | |
4.1
|
Form of Subscription Agreement(7) | |
4.2
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement(7) | |
10.1
|
Share Purchase Agreement for the Purchase of Common Stock dated as of April 1, 2004, by and between Kevin G. Elmore and Mr. T. Chong Weng(8) | |
10.2
|
Share Purchase Agreement for the Purchase of Common Stock dated as of June 9, 2004, by and between Kevin G. Elmore and Liberty Associates Holdings, LLC(9) | |
10.3
|
Purchase and Servicing Agreement between Welund Fund, Inc. and Village Auto, LLC, dated March 30, 2005(10) | |
10.4
|
Demand Promissory Note issued by Paxton Energy Corp. (11) | |
10.5
|
Engagement Letter with Roth Capital Partners, dated August 29, 2006(12) | |
10.6
|
Credit Facility Agreement by and between the Company and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation effective September 19, 2006(12) | |
10.7
|
Security Agreement by and between the Company and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation effective September 19, 2006(12) | |
10.8
|
Secured Promissory Note issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of the Company(12) |
F-26
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Description | |
10.9
|
First Amendment to the Credit Facility Agreement dated November 3, 2006(13) | |
10.10
|
Securities Purchase Agreement dated September 19, 2006 (12) | |
10.11
|
Registration Rights Agreement dated September 19, 2006(12) | |
10.12
|
Securities Purchase Agreement dated October 4, 2006 (14) | |
10.13
|
Registration Rights Agreement dated October 4, 2006(14) | |
10.14
|
Roth Capital Warrant(14) | |
10.15
|
Subordination Agreement by and between Steve Kircher, the Company and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation dated August 31, 2006(14) | |
10.16
|
Addendum to Subordination Agreement dated September 6, 2006(14) | |
10.17
|
Unsecured Promissory Note for $150,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of the Company dated August 31, 2006(14) | |
10.18
|
Unsecured Promissory Note for $50,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation dated September 6, 2006(14) | |
10.19
|
Secured Promissory Note for $975,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc, a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated September 19, 2006(14) | |
10.20
|
Secured Promissory Note for $100,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated September 25, 2006(14) | |
10.21
|
Secured Promissory Note for $130,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated September 27, 2006(14) | |
10.22
|
Secured Promissory Note for $75,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc., an Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated October 6, 2006(14) | |
10.23
|
Secured Promissory Note for $340,000 issued by Sola Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated October 16, 2006(14) | |
10.24
|
Secured Promissory Note for $235,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated October 30, 2006(14) | |
10.25
|
Secured Promissory Note $445,000 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of Solar Power, Inc., a Nevada corporation (formerly Welund Fund, Inc.), dated November 7, 2006 (14) | |
10.26
|
Demand Note $1,446,565 issued by Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation in favor of the Company dated November 15, 2006 (14) | |
10.27
|
2006 Equity Incentive Plan (17) | |
10.28
|
Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement(17) | |
10.29
|
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement(17) | |
10.30
|
Assignment and Interim Operating Agreement by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Dale Stickney Construction, Inc., a California corporation, and Dale Renewables Consulting, Inc., a California corporation dated August 20, 2006(17) | |
10.31
|
Restrictive Covenant Agreement by and between Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, Todd Lindstrom, James M. Underwood and Ronald H. Stickney dated November 15, 2006(17) | |
10.32
|
Receivables and Servicing Rights Purchase and Sale Agreement by and between the Company and Village Auto, LLC a California limited liability company dated December 29, 2006(15) |
F-27
Table of Contents
Exhibit No. | Description | |
10.33
|
Contract Revenues Agreement by and between Sundance Power, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company and Solar Power, Inc., a California corporation, dated September 5, 2006(18) | |
10.34
|
Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels to Solar Power, Inc. dated February 19, 2007 (19) | |
10.35
|
First Amendment to Agreement for Sale of Photovoltaic Panels dated July 24, 2008 (19) | |
14.1
|
Code of Ethics (20) | |
16.1
|
Letter of Hansen Barnett & Maxwell(16) | |
21.1
|
List of Subsidiaries(18) | |
23
|
Consent of Independent Registered Accounting Firm* | |
31.1
|
Rule 13(a) 14(a)/15(d) 14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer)* | |
31.2
|
Rule 13(a) 14(a)/15(d) 14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer)* | |
32
|
Section 1350 Certifications* |
Footnotes to Exhibits Index
* | Filed herewith | |
(1) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 3, 2006. | |
(2) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 29, 2006. | |
(3) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2006. | |
(4) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 6, 2006. | |
(5) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 22, 2006. | |
(6) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 20, 2007. | |
(7) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on August 14, 2006. | |
(8) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 2, 2004. | |
(9) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 18, 2004. | |
(10) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on May 24, 2005. | |
(11) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on November 14, 2005. | |
(12) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 25, 2006 | |
(13) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 7, 2006. | |
(14) | Incorporated by reference to Form 10-QSB filed with the SEC on November 20, 2006. | |
(15) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2007. | |
(16) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2007 (disclosing change in auditors). | |
(17) | Incorporated by reference to the Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on January 17, 2007. | |
(18) | Incorporated by reference to the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Form SB-2 filed with the SEC on March 6, 2007. | |
(19) | Incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 30, 2008 | |
(20) | Incorporated by reference to From 10KSB filed with the SEC on April 16, 2007 |
F-28