SPI Energy Co., Ltd. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

For the transition period from ________ to__________

Commission file number: 0-30351

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(408) 919-8000

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 14, 2022, 28,841,236 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPIENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in US$ thousands, except share and per share data)

Description of Business

SPI Energy Co., Ltd. (“SPI Energy” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) is engaged in the provision of photovoltaic (“PV”), roofing and solar energy systems installation, and electric vehicle (“EV”) solutions for business, residential, government and utility customers and investors. The Group is also starting to assemble solar modules for sale in the United States in 2022.

Organization

The major subsidiaries of the Group as of September 30, 2022 are summarized as below:

On January 1, 2017, the Group deconsolidated one of the major subsidiaries, Sinsin Renewable Investment Limited (“Sinsin”) due to loss of control and recognized the investment in Sinsin on the carrying amount of $69,606. Both the Group and the former shareholders of Sinsin, Sinsin Europe Solar Asset Limited Partnership and Sinsin Solar Capital Limited Partnership (collectively, the “Sinsin Group”), failed to fulfill the obligation under the share sale and purchase agreement of Sinsin, which led to that both parties filed petitions to each other (see Note 8(b)). The petitions directly affected the Group’s ability to effectively control Sinsin and make any direct management decisions or have any direct impact on Sinsin’s polices, operations or assets without the agreement of Sinsin Group.

On June 10, 2022, Phoenix completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) and Phoenix’s shares have been listed on NASDAQ under the stock code “PEV” (“Phoenix IPO”). Phoenix issued 2,100,000 ordinary shares at $7.5 per share. Net proceeds from the Phoenix IPO after deducting underwriting commissions, share issuance costs and offering expenses approximately amounted to $13,438.

The Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of the business. The Group had recurring losses from operations. The Group has incurred a net loss of $22,497 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the cash flow used in operating activities was $12,968. As of September 30, 2022, there is net working capital deficit of $96,857 and accumulated deficit of $659,987. These factors raise substantial doubt as to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Group intends to continue implementing various measures to boost revenue and control the cost and expenses within an acceptable level and other measures including: 1) negotiate with potential buyers on PV solar projects; 2) negotiate for postponing of convertible bond payments; 3) improve the profitability of the business in US; 4) strictly control and reduce business, marketing and advertising expenses; 5) obtain equity financing from certain subsidiaries’ initial public offerings; and 6) seek for certain credit facilities. While the Group believes that it will be successful in meeting its liquidity and cash flow requirements, there is no assurance to that effect. The Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, therefore, certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted.

In the opinion of management, the information reflects all adjustments necessary to make the results of operations for the interim periods a fair statement of such operations. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the allowance made for credit losses, inventory write-downs, the estimated useful lives of long-lived assets, the impairment of goodwill, long-lived assets and project assets, valuation allowance of deferred tax assets, accrued warranty expenses, the grant-date fair value of share-based compensation awards and related forfeiture rates, the lease discount rate, the purchase price allocation in acquisition, and fair value of financial instruments. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions.

The Group’s accounting practices under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 606 are as followings:

The Group generates revenue from sales of PV components, roofing and solar energy systems installation, electricity revenue with Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”), sales and leasing of EV, and others for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Sale of PV components

Revenue on sale of PV components includes one performance obligation of delivering the products and the revenue is recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or acceptance of the customer depending on the terms of the underlying contracts.

Revenue from roofing and solar energy systems installation

Revenue from roofing and solar energy system installation is recognized over time.

For revenue from solar energy system installation, the Group’s only performance obligation is to design and install a customize solar energy system, sometimes, reinstall the customer’s existing solar energy system. For roofing the Group’s only performance obligation is to design and build roof system per customer selection.

All costs to obtain and fulfill contracts associated with system sales and other product sales are expensed to cost of revenue when the corresponding revenue is recognized.

The Group recognizes revenue using a cost-based input method that recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated cost of the contract, to determine the Group’s progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue and gross profit to recognize. The total estimated cost of the contract consists of material cost and labor cost, and is developed based on the size and specific situation of different jobs. Changes in estimates are mainly due to: (i) unforeseen field conditions that impacts the estimated workload, and (ii) change of the unit price of material or labor cost.

If the estimated total costs on any contract are greater than the net contract revenues, the Group recognizes the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known.

Electricity revenue with PPAs

The Group sells energy generated by PV solar power systems under PPAs. For energy sold under PPAs, the Group recognizes revenue each period based on the volume of energy delivered to the customer (i.e., the PPAs off-taker) and the price stated in the PPAs. The Group has determined that none of the PPAs contains a lease since (i) the purchaser does not have the rights to operate the PV solar power systems, (ii) the purchaser does not have the rights to control physical access to the PV solar power systems, and (iii) the price that the purchaser pays is at a fixed price per unit of output.

Revenue from sales and leasing of EV

The Group recognizes revenue from sales of EV at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon the delivery to the customer for EV sales. The Group determined that the government grants related to sales of EV should be considered as part of the transaction price because it is granted to the EV buyer and the buyer remains liable for such amount in the event the grants were not received by the Group or returned due to the buyer violates the government grant terms and conditions.

EV leasing revenue includes revenue recognized under lease accounting guidance for direct leasing programs. The Group accounts for these leasing transactions as operating leases under ASC 842 Leases, and revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term.

Other revenue

Other revenue mainly consisted of revenue generated from sales of self-assembled solar panels, sales of component and charging stations, sales of forklifts, engineering and maintenance service, shipping and delivery service, and others. Other revenues are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such service or products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment of product or acceptance of the customer depending on the terms of the underlying contracts.

Disaggregation of revenues

The following table illustrates the disaggregation of revenue by revenue stream and by geographical location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Contract balance

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

The contract assets primarily relate to the Group’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date, primarily for the revenue from roofing and solar energy systems installation in the United States. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional after billing is issued.

Advance from customers, which representing a contract liability, represents mostly unrecognized revenue amount received from customers. Advance from customers is recognized as (or when) the Group performs under the contract. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Group recognized $4,924 and $1,377 as revenue that was included in the balance of advance from customers at January 1, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This guidance eliminates the beneficial conversion feature and cash conversion models in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC or Codification) 470-20 that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features in convertible instruments. This guidance also eliminates some of the conditions that must be met for equity classification under ASC 815-40-25. The new guidance also requires entities to use the if-converted method to calculate earnings per share (EPS) for all convertible instruments in the diluted EPS calculation and include the effect of potential share settlement (if the effect is more dilutive) for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares, except for liability-classified share-based payment awards. ASU No. 2020-06 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods therein. The Group adopted ASU No. 2020-06 on January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

Other significant accounting policies are detailed in “Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The accounts receivable, net as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Group reversed credit losses of $262 and $471, respectively. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Group recorded credit losses with amount of $2,184 and $2,503, respectively.

Inventories as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Group recorded no write-downs for inventories. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Group recorded nil 0 and $131 write-down for inventories, respectively.

The following table summarizes the consolidated share-based compensation expense, by type of awards:

The following table summarizes the consolidated share-based compensation by line items:

Unrestricted stock units and stock options granted by a subsidiary

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Board of Directors of Phoenix Motor Inc. (“Phoenix”), a subsidiary of the Group, approved the grants of unrestricted stock units to core management members and other management, pursuant to the terms of the 2021 Plan. The total number of unrestricted stock units granted was 505,000 shares of Phoenix’s ordinary shares. The vesting schedules are 100% vested at the grant date for all the grants. The Group used the market price of Phoenix’s shares at grant date as the fair value of the unrestricted stock units in calculating the share based compensation expense. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the stock-based compensation expense for grants of stock units was $793.

As a result of the net loss for the three and nine Months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, there is no dilutive impact to the net loss per share calculation for the period. 

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the following securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

As of September 30, 2022, the Group had capital commitments of approximately $8,142. These capital commitments were solely related to contracts signed with vendors automation production line, equipment or PV related products used for the construction of solar PV systems being developed by the Group.

The capital commitments as at balance sheet dates disclosed above do not include those incomplete acquisitions for investment and business as at balance sheet dates as the agreements could either be terminated unconditionally without any penalty or cancelable when the closing conditions as specified in the agreements could not be met.

On January 26, 2018, Sinsin Group filed a complaint against the Group requesting the payment of outstanding purchase price and related interest of $43,595 (EUR 38,054). On June 25, 2018, an interim measures judgment was made which appointed an interim management of Sinsin, consisting of two members elected by Sinsin Group and one member elected by the Group. The interim management would manage the bank accounts of Sinsin and collect the proceeds of electric energy revenue. On October 29, 2020, an arbitration decision was made that the Group will need to pay the outstanding purchase price of $43,595 (EUR 38,054), together with interest at 6% accruing from November 20, 2015 on half of the outstanding purchase and from September 30, 2016 on the remaining half of the outstanding purchase price to the date of eventual payment. The Group filed an application for appeals in the court of Malta but was turned down by the court in November 2021. The Group furtherly filed an application of retrial and suspension of the enforcement of the awards. The application of retrial was rejected by the court on March 30, 2022. We are aware that on November 2, 2022, Sinsin filed an action to confirm these arbitral awards pursuant to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958 (“New York Convention”) as implemented by the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) before U.S. District Court Eastern District of California. As of the date of this report, the Group was not served with the action. and the Group is negotiating with Sinsin in order to achieve a settlement to suspend and dismiss the enforcement of these arbitration awards.

From time to time, the Group is involved in various other legal and regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business. While the Group cannot predict the occurrence or outcome of these proceedings with certainty, it does not believe that an adverse result in any pending legal or regulatory proceeding, individually or in the aggregate, would be material to the Group’s consolidated financial condition or cash flows; however, an unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations. 

(a) Customers

A substantial percentage of the Group’s net revenue comes from sales made to a large number of customers at a small transaction amount, to whom sales are typically made on an open account basis.

There was no customer of which the revenue accounted for 10% or more of total net revenue for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

As of September 30, 2022, there was one customer of which the accounts receivable accounted for 13% of total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2021, there was one customer of which the accounts receivable accounted for 21% of total accounts receivable.

(b) Suppliers

As of September 30, 2022, there was two suppliers of which the accounts payable accounted for 18% and 12% of total accounts payable, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there was no supplier of which the accounts payable accounted for 10% or more of total accounts payable. 

The amount due from related parties were $332 and $230 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, represented the advance payment to management and another related party for business operation.

The amount due to related parties were $1,113 and 0 nil as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, represented the short term loan from the Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Company with no interest and due on demand.

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, there are three operating segments: (1) EV business, (2) renewable energy solutions business and (3) solar projects development business. The Group’s CODM assess the performance of each segment based on revenue, cost of revenue and total assets. Other than the information provided below, the CODM does not use any other measures by segments.

Summarized information by segments for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

Summarized information by segments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows:

Total long-lived assets excluding financial instruments, intangible assets, long-term investment and goodwill by country were as follows:

Extension of Convertible Promissory Note

On October 28,2022, the Group entered a series of supplementary agreements with Streeterville Capital, LLC (the “Lender”), where by, the Convertible Promissory Note issued on June 9, 2021 in the principal amount of $4,210 was extended from June 9, 2022 to June 9, 2023, the Convertible Promissory Note issued on September 30, 2021 in the principal amount of $4,210 was extended from September 30, 2022 to September 30, 2023, the Convertible Promissory Note issued on November 12, 2021 in the principal amount of $4,210 was extended from November 12, 2022 to November 12, 2023.

The Group has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, there were no other subsequent events occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements except for the above extension of convertible promissory note and the litigation with Sinsin Group as disclosed in note 8(b) to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a global provider of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) solutions for business, residential, government and utility customers and investors. We develop solar PV projects which are either sold to third party operators or owned and operated by us for selling of electricity to the grid in multiple countries in Asia, North America and Europe. In Australia, we primarily sell solar PV components to retail customers and solar project developers. We started to engage in sales and leasing of new zero-emission EVs in U.S. from 2020 and engage in roofing and solar energy systems installation in U.S. from 2021 and commenced pilot production of “Made-in-America” solar modules in US in the second quarter of 2022.

Our liquidity position has deteriorated since 2015. We suffered a net loss of $22.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the cash flow used in operating activities was $13.0 million. For a detailed discussion, please see “Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

On June 10, 2022, our wholly owned subsidiary, Phoenix Motor Inc., a Delaware corporation, closed its initial public offering of 2,100,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $7.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $15.75 million before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The offering closed on June 10, 2022 and the common stock of Phoenix Motor Inc. began trading on June 8, 2022 on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “PEV.”

Basis of presentation, management estimates and critical accounting policies

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of our company, and all of our subsidiaries. We prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. In order to understand the significant accounting policies that we adopted for the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements, readers should refer to the information set forth in Note 3 “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our audited financial statements in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

We believe that the following factors have had, and we expect that they will continue to have, a significant effect on the development of our business, financial condition and results of operations.

COVID-19

The pandemic of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in a widespread health crisis that has adversely affected the economies and financial markets worldwide. Due to the worldwide growing trend in availability and administration of vaccines against Covid-19, many restrictions resulted from the pandemic were gradually lifted by governments across the globe. However, the future impact of the Covid-19 pandemic remains highly uncertain.. Our first priority continues to be to protect and support our employees while maintaining company operations and support of our customers with as few disruptions as possible. We have reduced the risk of exposure to infection, including reduced travel, cancellation of meetings and events, and implementation of work-at- home policies.

Our operating results substantially depend on revenues derived from sales of PV project assets, provision of electricity, our Australian subsidiary’s trading of PV components, and our U.S. subsidiary’s business on roofing and solar energy systems installation, sales and leasing of EVs, sales of forklift and sales of solar modules, respectively. As the COVID-19 spread continues, the measures implemented to curb the spread of the virus have resulted in supply chain disruptions, insufficient work force and suspended manufacturing and construction works for solar industry. One or more of our customers, partners, service providers or suppliers may experience financial distress, delayed or defaults on payment, file for bankruptcy protection, sharp diminishing of business, or suffer disruptions in their business due to the outbreak. These preventative measures have also impacted our daily operations. The efforts enacted to control COVID-19 have placed heavy pressure on our marketing and sales activities. We continue to assess the related risks and impacts COVID-19 pandemic may have on our business and our financial performance. In light of the rapidly changing situation across different countries and regions, it remains difficult to estimate the duration and magnitude of COVID-19 impact. Until such time as the COVID-19 pandemic is contained or eradicated and global business return to more customary levels, our business and financial results may be materially adversely affected.

Market Demand

Our revenue and profitability depend substantially on the demand for our PV solutions, which is driven by the economics of PV systems, including the availability and size of government subsidies and other incentives, government support, cost improvements in solar power, as well as environmental concerns and energy demand. The world PV market in terms of new annual installations is expected to grow significantly in the next five years, providing engineering procurement construction (“EPC”) service providers and solar project developers like us with significant opportunities to grow our business.

In the long term, as PV technology advances and the average system costs of solar projects decrease, we expect the market for electricity in a growing number of countries to achieve grid parity. As the PV industry becomes more competitive against other energy industries and widespread grid parity strengthens demand for solar projects, we expect our costs of sales to decrease and our revenue and profitability to increase.

In addition, the medium-duty EV market is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. While the market has been too slow to expand over the last many years, many key factors are shaping the industry for accelerated growth over the next few years. Key factors driving this growth include government regulations requiring fleets to go electric, incentives and grant funding supporting commercial zero emission vehicle deployments, infrastructure deployments and corporate electrification mandates. Many large fleets who operate large truck and bus fleets have committed to go 100% electric over the next few years. This includes large delivery truck fleets like Amazon, FedEx, UPS, DHL, IKEA; also shuttle bus operators like transit agencies in Los Angeles, Orange County, and New York; and large corporate fleet owners like Genentech, Microsoft and Salesforce. All of the above factors, together with key technology catalysts, are expected to spur demand for medium-duty electric vehicles significantly over the next few years. Key technology drivers include reduction in battery costs and costs of other key components, making electric vehicles cheaper, and advances in EV drivetrain technology, including motor improvements that enable better performance and higher efficiencies; and refinements in high-voltage battery technology. The anticipated sales growth in this segment of the EV market is attributed both to new companies that started as electric vehicle manufacturers, as well as and conventional OEMs who are expected to start offering complete EV over the next few years.

 As PV and energy storage technology advances and the average system costs decrease, in many cases the residential or small business owners of solar systems have effectively achieved grid parity for their systems. Aided by smart meter and virtual power plant technologies such systems can be an attractive alternative to electricity grid in many localities. We expect traditionally strong residential solar markets such as California and Australia to continue to grow, while we expect new growth from markets to emerge such as Florida, Texas and US Northeast. As the overall market grows we expect our costs of sales to decrease and our revenue and profitability to increase.

Government Subsidies and Incentive Policies

We believe that the growth of the solar power industry in the short term will continue to depend largely on the availability and effectiveness of government incentives for solar power products and the competitiveness of solar power in relation to conventional and other renewable energy resources in terms of cost. Countries in Europe, notably Italy, Germany, France, Belgium and Spain, certain countries in Asia, including Japan, India and South Korea, as well as Australia and the United States have adopted favorable renewable energy policies. Examples of government sponsored financial incentives to promote solar power include capital cost rebates, tax credits, net metering and other incentives to end users, distributors, project developers, system integrators and manufacturers of solar power products.

Governments may reduce or eliminate existing incentive programs for political, financial or other reasons, which will be difficult for us to predict. Electric utility companies or generators of electricity from fossil fuels or other renewable energy sources could also lobby for a change in the relevant legislation in their markets to protect their revenue streams. Government economic incentives could be reduced or eliminated altogether.

With growing emphasis on improving air quality around our communities, large states like California are mandating key end user segments to switch to zero emission transportation options. Some of the key regulations driving growth in our addressable market include, in California, requiring all transit buses to be zero emissions by 2040, requiring all airport shuttles to be electric by 2035, requiring at least 50% of all medium-duty trucks sold in the state to be electric by 2030, and requiring specific end-user segments like drayage and yard trucks to go electric.

Other states like New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts are also expected to bring in regulatory requirements for key end user segments like transit agencies and school buses to switch to all electric vehicles. Fifteen other states, including Connecticut, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington have committed to follow California’s Clean Truck Regulation.

Various state and federal agencies are also supporting the switch to zero emission transportation by providing a host of funding and incentive support to develop, demonstrate and deploy zero emission transportation solutions. This is primarily driven by the urgent need to meet carbon and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Some of the key funding / incentives driving adoption of electric medium duty vehicles include: the California HVIP program offering a minimum of $60,000 per vehicle as incentive for Class 4 electric vehicles registered and operating in the state, the New York Truck Voucher Incentive Program offering up to $66,000 per Class 4 electric vehicle, funding from federal agencies like the FTA, covering up to 80% of the cost of procuring electric transit buses and various funding options covering up to 100% of the cost of procuring all electric school buses across key states.

Federal and various state agencies have established incentives for setting up both public and private charging infrastructure. Notably, the California Energy Commission and the California Public Utilities Commission have approved funding up to 100% of the cost of setting up chargers and related infrastructure. Large utilities like Southern California Edison, Pacific Gas & Electric and San Diego Gas & Electric have ‘Charge Ready’ programs that cover the entire cost of setting up charging infrastructure. Other states like New York, Chicago, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Ohio have also introduced programs to support fleets with their charging infrastructure requirements.

Our Solar Power Generation and Operations Capabilities

Our financial condition and results of operations depend on our ability to successfully continue to develop new solar projects and operate our existing solar projects. We expect to build and manage a greater number of solar projects, which we expect to present additional challenges to our internal processes, external construction management, working capital management and financing capabilities. Our financial condition, results of operations and future success depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to continue to identify suitable sites, expand our pipeline of projects with attractive returns, obtain required regulatory approvals, arrange necessary financing, manage the construction of our solar projects on time and within budget, and successfully operate solar projects.

Outbreak of war in Ukraine

On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched an invasion of Ukraine that has had an immediate impact on the global economy resulting in higher energy prices and higher prices for certain raw materials and goods and services which in turn is contributing to higher inflation in the United States and other countries across the globe with significant disruption to financial markets. We do not have any operation or business in Russia or Ukraine, however, we may be potentially indirectly adversely impacted any significant disruption it has caused and may continue to escalate. In addition, the United States and other countries have imposed sanctions on Russia which increases the risk that Russia may resort to retaliatory actions, including the launching of cyberattacks. It is possible that these attacks could have collateral effects on additional critical infrastructure and financial institutions globally, which could adversely affect our operations. It is difficult to assess the likelihood of such threat and any potential impact at this time. Any one or more of these events may impede our operation and delivery efforts and adversely affect our sales results, or even for a prolonged period of time, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table sets forth a summary, for the periods indicated, of our consolidated results of operations (in thousands) and each item expressed as a percentage of our total net sales. Our historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Net revenues — Net revenues were $43.2 million and $39.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing an increase of $4.2 million or 10.9%. The increase in net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 over the comparative period was primarily due to the increase of revenue from sales of PV components of $8.3 million and $1.4 million from sales of solar modules, and was partially net off by the decrease of revenue from roofing and solar energy systems installation of $5.7 million.

Cost of revenues — Cost of revenues was $45.5 million (105.3% of net sales) and $40.1 million (102.8% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing an increase of $5.4 million or 13.6%. The increase in cost of goods sold was consistent with the increase of net revenues.

Gross loss — Our gross loss decreased from $1.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2021 to $2.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2022. Gross margins were -5.3% and -2.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in gross margin was primarily due to the decrease in gross margin of roofing and solar energy system installation. Since the Company's indirect costs of job management is relatively fixed, the decrease in number of work-in-progress jobs significantly decreased the overall GP of roofing and solar energy system installation.

General and administrative expenses — General and administrative expenses were $8.8 million (20.5% of net sale) and $9.5 million (24.4% of net sale) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing a decrease of $0.7 million, or 6.9%. The decrease of general and administrative expenses was mainly due to the decrease in stock-based compensation expense.

Sales, marketing and customer service expenses — Sales, marketing and customer service expenses were $1.1 million (2.5% of net sales) and $3.2 million (8.1% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, representing a decrease of $2.1 million, or 66.0%. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease of amortization of the cost of customer list and work in process contracts purchased from the PDI.

Impairment charges on long-lived assets — Impairment charges on long-lived assets were $1.8 million and nil for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which was mainly due to the impairment of right-of-use assets of SJ US.

(Reversal) Provision for credit loss — In the three months ended September 30, 2022, we reversed credit loss provision of $0.3 million, primarily due to the strengthening monitoring on accounts receivable collection. In the three months ended September 30, 2021, we accrued credit loss provision of $2.2 million which is mainly due to additional provision made for the accounts receivable from the business of roofing and solar energy systems installation in U.S.

Interest expense, net — Interest expense, net was $1.3 million (3.0% of net sales) and $0.9 million (2.3% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to interest accrued from new convertible bonds.

Loss on extinguishment of convertible bonds — We had a loss on extinguishment of convertible bonds of $0.4 million (1.0% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The loss came from the extinguishment of the convertible bonds during the current period.

Net foreign exchange gain — We had a net foreign exchange gain of $2.6 million (6.0% of net sales) and $0.9 million (2.2% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The variance is mainly due the fluctuation of exchange rate for EUR/USD and AUD/USD.

Income tax expense — We had a provision for income taxes of $0.7 million (1.6% of net sales) and $0.5 million (1.3% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The income tax expense kept stable as there was no significant change in profit before tax of our subsidiary in Australia.

Net loss — For the foregoing reasons, we incurred a net loss of $13.5 million (31.2% of net sales), for the three months ended September 30, 2022, representing a decrease of net loss of $3.0 million compared to a net loss of $16.5 million (42.3% of net sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

The following table sets forth a summary, for the periods indicated, of our consolidated results of operations (in thousands) and each item expressed as a percentage of our total net sales. Our historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.