SPI Energy Co., Ltd. - Quarter Report: 2023 June (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

For the transition period from ________ to__________

Commission file number: 0-30351

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(408) 919-8000

(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 18, 2023, 30,856,406 ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPIENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

The accompany notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SPI ENERGY CO., LTD.

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in US$ thousands, except share and per share data)

Description of Business

SPI Energy Co., Ltd. (“SPI Energy” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) is engaged in the provision of photovoltaic (“PV”), roofing and solar energy systems installation, and electric vehicle (“EV”) solutions for business, residential, government and utility customers and investors. The Group is also starting to assemble solar modules for sale in the United States in 2022.

Organization

The major subsidiaries of the Group as of June 30, 2023 are summarized as below:

On January 1, 2017, the Group deconsolidated one of the major subsidiaries, Sinsin Renewable Investment Limited (“Sinsin”) due to loss of control and recognized the investment in Sinsin at the carrying amount of $69,606. Both the Group and the former shareholders of Sinsin, Sinsin Europe Solar Asset Limited Partnership and Sinsin Solar Capital Limited Partnership (collectively, the “Sinsin Group”), failed to fulfill the obligation under the share sale and purchase agreement of Sinsin, which led to that both parties filed petitions to each other. The petitions directly affected the Group’s ability to effectively control Sinsin and make any direct management decisions or have any direct impact on Sinsin’s polices, operations or assets without the agreement of Sinsin Group. On October 29, 2020, an arbitration decision was made in Malta that the Group will need to pay the unpaid consideration of EUR 38,054, together with interest at 6% accruing from November 20, 2015 on half of the unpaid consideration and from June 30, 2016 on the remaining half of the unpaid consideration to the date of eventual payment. The Group filed an application for appeals but was turned down by the court of Malta on November 12, 2021. The Group furtherly filed an application of retrial and suspension of the enforcement of the awards but was rejected by the court of Malta on March 30, 2022. On November 2, 2022, Sinsin filed an action to confirm these arbitral awards pursuant to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958 (“New York Convention”) as implemented by the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) before U.S. District Court Eastern District of California. On April 27, 2023, Sinsin filed amended petition to add a request for an award of attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with the petition, add detail on the allegedly owed costs and liabilities, and request that the court issue an injunction against asset dissipation pending satisfaction of the requested judgment. The Group has filed opposition to amended petition and motion to confirm arbitral award on May 11, 2023, and currently the case is still under court review. (Note 8(b)).  As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, investment in Sinsin was $69,606, and there was no impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. Consideration payable, including accrued interest and litigation fees payable, was $63,726 and $61,617 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The interest expense accrued on the unpaid consideration was $1,234 and $1,249 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

On June 10, 2022, Phoenix completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) and Phoenix’s shares have been listed on NASDAQ under the stock code “PEV” (“Phoenix IPO”). Phoenix issued 2,100,000 ordinary shares at $7.5 per share. Net proceeds from the Phoenix IPO after deducting underwriting commissions, share issuance costs and offering expenses approximately amounted to $13,438.

The Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of the business. The Group had recurring losses from operations. The Group has incurred a net loss of $12,390 during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and the cash flow used in operating activities was $5,484. As of June 30, 2023, there is net working capital deficit of $116,683 and accumulated deficit of $682,691. These factors raise substantial doubt as to the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Group intends to continue implementing various measures to boost revenue and control the cost and expenses within an acceptable level and other measures including: 1) negotiate with potential buyers on PV solar projects; 2) negotiate for postponing of convertible bond payments; 3) improve the profitability of the business in US; 4) strictly control and reduce business, marketing and advertising expenses; 5) obtain equity financing from certain subsidiaries’ initial public offerings; and 6) seek for certain credit facilities. There is no assurance that the group will be successful in meeting its liquidity and cash flow requirements. The Group’s condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, therefore, certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been omitted.

In the opinion of management, the information reflects all adjustments necessary to make the results of operations for the interim periods a fair statement of such operations. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Quarterly results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Group to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Group’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable and other receivable, the impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets, fair value of derivative liability and share based compensation. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions.

The Group’s accounting practices under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 606 are as followings:

The Group generates revenue from sales of PV components, sales of self-assembled solar modules, roofing and solar energy systems installation, electricity revenue with Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”), sales of PV project assets, sales and leasing of EV, and others for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Sale of PV components

Revenue on sale of PV components includes one performance obligation of delivering the products and the revenue is recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment or acceptance of the customer depending on the terms of the underlying contracts.

Sales of self-assembled solar modules

Revenue on sale of self-assembled solar modules includes one performance obligation of delivering the products and the revenue is recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon the delivery to the customer.

Revenue from roofing and solar energy systems installation

Revenue from roofing and solar energy system installation is recognized over time.

For revenue from solar energy system installation, the Group’s only performance obligation is to design and install a customized solar energy system, sometimes, reinstall the customer’s existing solar energy system. For revenue from roofing the Group’s only performance obligation is to design and build roof system per customer specifications.

The Group’s roofing projects involve the construction of a specific roof systems in accordance with each customer’s selection; the Group’s solar energy system installations involve solar modules being retrofitted to existing consumer roofs using rails, then connected to the utility using an inverter system. For both solar energy system installation and roofing, typically jobs are completed within three months, the specific timing depends on the size of the job and the complexity of the job site, and the contract price includes all material and labor needed, and payments are collected based on specific milestones.

The Group provides solar energy systems and roofing installation for various customers, such as homeowners and real estate developers, but the design and installation for each customer differs substantially on the basis of each customer’s needs and the type of shingle or roof that is placed with the solar energy system. The asset consequently has no alternative use to the Group because the customer specific design limits the Group’s practical ability to readily direct the solar energy system to another customer. As such the Group’s performance does not create an asset with an alternative use to the Group. Pursuant to the contract, the customers agree to pay for any costs, expenses and losses incurred by the Group upon termination, and therefore, revenue is recognized over time according to ASC 606-10-25-27(c).

For both solar energy system installation and roofing, all costs to obtain and fulfill contracts associated with system sales and other product sales are expensed to cost of revenue when the corresponding revenue is recognized.

The Group recognizes revenue using a cost-based input method that recognizes revenue and gross profit as work is performed based on the relationship between actual costs incurred compared to the total estimated cost of the contract, to determine the Group’s progress towards contract completion and to calculate the corresponding amount of revenue and gross profit to recognize. The total estimated cost of the contract constitutes of material cost and labor cost, and are developed based on the size and specific situation of different jobs. Changes in estimates are mainly due to: (i) unforeseen field conditions that impacts the estimated workload, and (ii) change of the unit price of material or labor cost.

If the estimated total costs on any contract are greater than the net contract revenues, the Group recognizes the entire estimated loss in the period the loss becomes known.

Electricity revenue with PPAs

The Group sells energy generated by PV solar power systems under PPAs. For energy sold under PPAs, the Group recognizes revenue each period based on the volume of energy delivered to the customer (i.e., the PPAs off-taker) and the price stated in the PPAs. The Group has determined that none of the PPAs contains a lease since (i) the purchaser does not have the rights to operate the PV solar power systems, (ii) the purchaser does not have the rights to control physical access to the PV solar power systems, and (iii) the price that the purchaser pays is at a fixed price per unit of output.

Sale of PV project asset

The Group’s sales arrangements for PV projects do not contain any forms of continuing involvement that may affect the revenue or profit recognition of the transactions, nor any variable considerations for energy performance guarantees, minimum electricity end subscription commitments. The Group therefore determined its single performance obligation to the customer is the sale of a completed solar project. The Group recognizes revenue for sales of solar projects at a point in time after the solar project has been grid connected and the customer obtains control of the solar project.

Revenue from sales and leasing of EV

The Group recognizes revenue from sales of EV at a point in time following the transfer of control of such products to the customer, which typically occurs upon the delivery to the customer for EV sales. The Group determined that the government grants related to sales of EV should be considered as part of the transaction price because it is granted to the EV buyer and the buyer remains liable for such amount in the event the grants were not received by the Group or returned due to the buyer violates the government grant terms and conditions.

EV leasing revenue includes revenue recognized under lease accounting guidance for direct leasing programs. The Group accounts for these leasing transactions as sales-type or operating leases under ASC 842 Leases, and selling profits are recognized at the commencement date and interest income from the lease is recognized over the lease term for sales-type leases, while revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term for operating leases. 

Other revenue

Other revenue mainly consists of sales of self-assembled solar modules, sales of component and charging stations, sales of forklifts, engineering and maintenance service, shipping and delivery service, sales of pre-development solar projects and others. Other revenues are recognized at a point in time following the transfer of control of such service or products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment of product or acceptance of the customer depending on the terms of the underlying contracts.

Disaggregation of revenues

The following table illustrates the disaggregation of revenue by revenue stream and by geographical location for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022:

Contract balance

The following table provides information about accounts receivable, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers: 

The contract assets primarily relate to the Group’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date, primarily for the revenue from roofing and solar energy systems installation in the United States. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional after billing is issued.

Advance from customers, which represent a contract liability, represent mostly unrecognized amount received for customers. Advance from customers is recognized as (or when) the Group performs under the contract. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Group recognized $8,634 and $4,924 as revenue that was included in the balance of advance from customers at January 1, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(d) Leases

Lessor Accounting

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Group amended agreements with the customers related to the leased EVs to renew the lease term. Since there was no grant of additional right-of-use assets, the Group did not account for the modified lease agreements as new leases but accounted for the original lease and the modified lease agreements as a combined lease. The Group reviewed the combined lease agreements and considered that (i) the lease term represents for the major part (greater than 75%) of the economic life of the underlying equipment; and (ii) the present value of the sum of lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that has not already been included in lease payments equals or exceeds substantially (greater than 90%) all of the fair value of the underlying asset.

The modified EV lease agreements are thus accounted for as sales-type leases. Under sales-type lease accounting, at the commencement date, the lessor recognizes a net investment in the lease, based on the estimated fair value of the underlying leased assets at contract inception, and derecognizes the underlying assets with the difference recorded as selling profit or loss arising from the lease, and interest income from the lease is recognized over the lease term.

The net investment in leases was $295 as of June 30, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, gain on sales-type leases was $99.

Annual minimum undiscounted lease payments under the Group’s sales-type leases were as follows as of June 30, 2023: 

________________________________________

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”), which requires entities to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The update will generally result in an entity recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at amounts consistent with those recorded by the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date rather than at fair value. ASU 2021-08 is effective on a prospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Group adopted ASU 2021-08 effective January 1, 2023 and apply the guidance to subsequent acquisitions. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 will only impact the accounting for the Group’s future acquisitions.

Accounting Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides elective amendments for entities that have contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. These amendments were effective immediately and may be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before December 31, 2022. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), to expand and clarify the scope of Topic 848 to include derivative instruments on discounting transactions. The amendments in this ASU are effective in the same timeframe as ASU 2020-04. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which deferred the sunset date of Topic 848, Reference Rate Reform to December 31, 2024. The Group is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

The Group does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and cash flows.

The accounts receivable, net as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: 

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Group recorded credit losses with amount of $869. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Group reversed bad debt provision of $209.

Inventories as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following: 

For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Group recorded $1,075 and nil write-downs for inventories, respectively, to reflect the lower of cost or net realizable value.

The following table summarizes the consolidated share-based compensation expense, by type of awards: 

The following table summarizes the consolidated share-based compensation by line items: 

As a result of the net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there is no dilutive impact to the net loss per share calculation for the period. 

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the following securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. 

As of June 30, 2023, the Group had other commitments of approximately $1,596 These commitments were solely related to contracts signed with vendors for research and development by the Group and are expected to be paid in one year.

On January 26, 2018, Sinsin Group filed a complaint against the Group requesting the payment of outstanding purchase price and related interest of $43,595 (EUR 38,054). On June 25, 2018, an interim measures judgment was made which appointed an interim management of Sinsin, consisting of two members elected by Sinsin Group and one member elected by the Group. The interim management would manage the bank accounts of Sinsin and collect the proceeds of electric energy revenue. On October 29, 2020, an arbitration decision was made that the Group will need to pay the outstanding purchase price of $43,595 (EUR 38,054), together with interest at 6% accruing from November 20, 2015 on half of the outstanding purchase and from September 30, 2016 on the remaining half of the outstanding purchase price to the date of eventual payment. The Group filed an application for appeals in the court of Malta but was turned down by the court in November 2021. The Group furtherly filed an application of retrial and suspension of the enforcement of the awards. The application of retrial was rejected by the court on March 30, 2022. On November 2, 2022, Sinsin filed an action to confirm these arbitral awards pursuant to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958 (“New York Convention”) as implemented by the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) before U.S. District Court Eastern District of California. On April 27, 2023, Sinsin filed amended petition to add a request for an award of attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with the petition, add detail on the allegedly owed costs and liabilities, and request that the court issue an injunction against asset dissipation pending satisfaction of the requested judgment. The Group has filed opposition to amended petition and motion to confirm arbitral award on May 11, 2023, and currently the case is still under court review.

On February 16, 2023, Streeterville delivered a Redemption Notice to the Group to redeem $350 of the 2022 Note with a deadline to pay the Redemption Amount by February 22, 2023. The Group failed to pay the Redemption Amount on time and such failure to pay is an Event of Default under the 2022 Note. Due to this Event of Default, (i) the base interest of the 2022 Note was increased to 15% per annum; (ii) the outstanding balance of the 2022 Note was increased by 15%; and (iii) the entire outstanding balance of the 2022 Note was accelerated and due on March 3, 2023. The Group failed to pay the outstanding balance of the 2022 Note by March 3, 2023 and as a result, Streeterville filed a complaint in the third judicial district court of Salt Lake County, requesting for actual damages in an amount not less than $2,676, plus applicable interest, damages, charges, fees, attorney fees, and collection costs. On March 31, 2023, a hearing was held and the temporary restraining order requiring the Group to pay the 2022 Note in full from the proceeds of the IPO of its subsidiary, SolarJuice Co., Ltd. On June 26, 2023, Streeterville and the Group entered into a term sheet to mediate the dispute. The Group agreed to pay Streeterville $375 in cash and $400 in stock by July 5, 2023. After that, the Group agreed to pay Streeterville $425 each month starting from July 31, 2023. Among the monthly installment payments, at least $225 shall be paid in cash.

From time to time, the Group is involved in various other legal and regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business. While the Group cannot predict the occurrence or outcome of these proceedings with certainty, it does not believe that an adverse result in any pending legal or regulatory proceeding, individually or in the aggregate, would be material to the Group’s consolidated financial condition or cash flows; however, an unfavorable outcome could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations. 

(a) Customers

A substantial percentage of the Group’s net revenue comes from sales made to a large number of customers at a small transaction amount, to whom sales are typically made on an open account basis.

There was no customer of which the revenue accounted for 10% or more of total net revenue for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

As of June 30, 2023, there was no customer of which the accounts receivable accounted for 10% or more of total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, there was one customer of which the accounts receivable accounted for 18% of total accounts receivable.

(b) Suppliers

As of June 30, 2023, there were two suppliers of which the accounts payable accounted for 21% and 15% of total accounts payable, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there were two suppliers of which the accounts payable accounted for 14% and 11% of total accounts payable, respectively.

The amount due from related parties were $407 and $332 as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, represented expenses paid by the Group on behalf of a related entity for business operations.

For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there are three operating segments: (1) EV business, (2) renewable energy solutions business and (3) solar projects development business. The Group’s CODM assess the performance of each segment based on revenue, cost of revenue and total assets. Other than the information provided below, the CODM does not use any other measures by segments.

Summarized information by segments for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows: 

Summarized information by segments as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows: 

Total long-lived assets excluding financial instruments, intangible assets, long-term investment and goodwill by country were as follows: 

The Group has evaluated subsequent events through the date of issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, there were no subsequent events occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements. 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a global provider of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) solutions for business, residential, government and utility customers and investors. We develop solar PV projects which are either sold to third party operators or owned and operated by us for selling of electricity to the grid in multiple countries in Asia, North America and Europe. In Australia, we primarily sell solar PV components to retail customers and solar project developers. We started to engage in sales and leasing of new zero-emission EVs in U.S. from 2020 and engage in roofing and solar energy systems installation in U.S. from 2021 and commenced pilot production of “Made-in-America” solar modules in US in the second quarter of 2022.

Our liquidity position has deteriorated since 2015. We suffered a net loss of $12.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2023, and the cash flow used in operating activities was $5.5 million. For a detailed discussion, please see “Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

On June 10, 2022, our wholly owned subsidiary, Phoenix Motor Inc., a Delaware corporation, closed its initial public offering of 2,100,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $7.50 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $15.75 million before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The offering closed on June 10, 2022 and the common stock of Phoenix Motor Inc. began trading on June 8, 2022 on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “PEV.”

Basis of presentation, management estimates and critical accounting policies

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of our company, and all of our subsidiaries. We prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the financial reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require higher degrees of judgment than others in their application. In order to understand the significant accounting policies that we adopted for the preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, readers should refer to the information set forth in Note 3 “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our audited financial statements in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

We believe that the following factors have had, and we expect that they will continue to have, a significant effect on the development of our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Market Demand

Our revenue and profitability depend substantially on the demand for our PV solutions, which is driven by the economics of PV systems, including the availability and size of government subsidies and other incentives, government support, cost improvements in solar power, as well as environmental concerns and energy demand. The world PV market in terms of new annual installations is expected to grow significantly in the next five years, providing engineering procurement construction (“EPC”) service providers and solar project developers like us with significant opportunities to grow our business.

In the long term, as PV technology advances and the average system costs of solar projects decrease, we expect the market for electricity in a growing number of countries to achieve grid parity. As the PV industry becomes more competitive against other energy industries and widespread grid parity strengthens demand for solar projects, we expect our costs of sales to decrease and our revenue and profitability to increase.

In addition, the medium-duty EV market is expected to grow significantly over the next decade and there are many key factors are shaping the industry for accelerated growth over the next few years. Key factors driving this growth include government regulations requiring fleets to go electric, incentives and grant funding supporting commercial zero emission vehicle deployments, infrastructure deployments and corporate electrification mandates. Many large fleets who operate large truck and bus fleets have committed to go 100% electric over the next few years. This includes large delivery truck fleets like Amazon, FedEx, UPS, DHL, IKEA; also shuttle bus operators like transit agencies in Los Angeles, Orange County, and New York; and large corporate fleet owners like Genentech, Microsoft and Salesforce. All of the above factors, together with key technology catalysts, are expected to spur demand for medium-duty electric vehicles significantly over the next few years. Key technology drivers include reduction in battery costs and costs of other key components, making electric vehicles cheaper, and advances in EV drivetrain technology, including motor improvements that enable better performance and higher efficiencies; and refinements in high-voltage battery technology. The anticipated sales growth in this segment of the EV market is attributed both to new companies that started as electric vehicle manufacturers, as well as and conventional OEMs who are expected to start offering complete EV over the next few years.

As PV and energy storage technology advances and the average system costs decrease, in many cases the residential or small business owners of solar systems have effectively achieved grid parity for their systems. Aided by smart meter and virtual power plant technologies such systems can be an attractive alternative to electricity grid in many localities. We expect traditionally strong residential solar markets such as California and Australia to continue to grow . We anticipate capturing scale economies as the overall solar power market grows, and expect our costs of sales to decrease and our revenue and profitability to increase.

Government Subsidies and Incentive Policies

We believe that the growth of the solar power industry in the short term will continue to depend largely on the availability and effectiveness of government incentives for solar power products and the competitiveness of solar power in relation to conventional and other renewable energy resources in terms of cost. Countries in Europe, notably Italy, Germany, France, Belgium and Spain, certain countries in Asia, including Japan, India and South Korea, as well as Australia and the United States have adopted favorable renewable energy policies. Examples of government sponsored financial incentives to promote solar power include capital cost rebates, tax credits, net metering and other incentives to end users, distributors, project developers, system integrators and manufacturers of solar power products.

Governments may reduce or eliminate existing incentive programs for political, financial or other reasons, which will be difficult for us to predict. Electric utility companies or generators of electricity from fossil fuels or other renewable energy sources could also lobby for a change in the relevant legislation in their markets to protect their revenue streams. Government economic incentives could be reduced or eliminated altogether.

With growing emphasis on improving air quality around our communities, large states like California are mandating key end user segments to switch to zero emission transportation options. Some of the key regulations driving growth in our addressable market include:

Other states like New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts are also expected to bring in regulatory requirements for key end user segments like, transit agencies and school buses to switch to all electric transportation options. Fifteen other states including Connecticut, Colorado, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington have committed to follow California’s Advanced Clean Trucks Regulation. Primarily driven by the urgent need to meet carbon and greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, various state and federal agencies are also supporting the switch to zero emission transportation, providing a host of funding and incentive support to develop, demonstrate and deploy zero emission transportation solutions. Some of the key funding / incentives driving adoption of electric medium duty vehicles include:

Our Solar Power Generation and Operations Capabilities

Our financial condition and results of operations depend on our ability to successfully continue to develop new solar projects and operate our existing solar projects. We expect to build and manage a greater number of solar projects, which we expect to present additional challenges to our internal processes, external construction management, working capital management and financing capabilities. Our financial condition, results of operations and future success depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to continue to identify suitable sites, expand our pipeline of projects with attractive returns, obtain required regulatory approvals, arrange necessary financing, manage the construction of our solar projects on time and within budget, and successfully operate solar projects.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth a summary, for the periods indicated, of our consolidated results of operations (in thousands) and each item expressed as a percentage of our total net sales. Our historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

Net revenues — Net revenues were $58.9 million and $48.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing an increase of $10.3 million or 21.1%. The increase in net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2023 over the comparative period was primarily due to the increase of revenue from sales of PV components of $6.2 million and $9.7 million from sales of solar modules, and was partially net off by the decrease of revenue from roofing and solar energy systems installation of $10.8 million. The increase was also due to the one-time sale of pre-developed PV projects of Oregon for $6.7 million

Cost of revenues — Cost of revenues was $53.6 million (91.1% of net revenue) and $44.7 million (92.0% of net revenue) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing an increase of $8.9 million or 19.9%. The increase in cost of goods sold was consistent with the increase of net revenues.

Gross profit — Our gross profit increased to $5.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023 from $3.9 million in the three months ended June 30, 2022. Gross margins were 8.9% and 8.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to the increase in gross margin of sales of solar modules and the decrease of total revenue from the low gross margin roofing and solar energy system installation and its percentage in the total revenue.

General and administrative expenses — General and administrative expenses were $6.3 million (10.7% of net revenue) and $7.6 million (15.7% of net revenue) for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, representing an decrease of $1.3 million, or 17.5%. The decrease of general and administrative expenses was mainly due to the decrease in salaries and wages as well as stock-based compensation expenses due to employee resignations.