UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

x	Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

 

or

¨	Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-32358

  

SPOK HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE		16-1694797
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

6850 Versar Center, Suite 420
Springfield, Virginia		22151-4148
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(800) 611-8488

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SPOK	NASDAQ National Market®

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.			¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

18,854,381 shares of the registrant’s common stock (par value $0.0001 per share) were outstanding as of October 18, 2019.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

INDEX

			Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	2
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	5
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended  September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited)	7
		Unaudited Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	29
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
	Item 6.	Exhibits	31
Signatures

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

(in thousands)	September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
ASSETS	(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	49,319			$	83,343
Short-term investments	29,870				3,963
Accounts receivable, net	31,071				32,386
Prepaid expenses and other	9,975				9,578
Inventory	995				1,708
Total current assets	121,230				130,978
Non-current assets:
Property and equipment, net	9,603				10,354
Operating lease right-of-use assets	16,345				—
Goodwill	133,031				133,031
Intangible assets, net	3,542				5,417
Deferred income tax assets	46,961				46,484
Other non-current assets	1,319				1,448
Total non-current assets	210,801				196,734
Total assets	$	332,031			$	327,712
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,605			$	2,010
Accrued compensation and benefits	11,465				11,348
Accrued taxes	1,605				1,822
Deferred revenue	27,668				26,106
Operating lease liabilities	5,303				—
Other current liabilities	2,531				3,662
Total current liabilities	52,177				44,948
Non-current liabilities:
Asset retirement obligations	6,756				6,513
Operating lease liabilities	11,658				—
Other non-current liabilities	643				1,697
Total non-current liabilities	19,057				8,210
Total liabilities	71,234				53,158
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock	$	—			$	—
Common stock	2				2
Additional paid-in capital	85,614				90,559
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,499		)		(1,301		)
Retained earnings	176,680				185,294
Total stockholders’ equity	260,797				274,554
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	332,031			$	327,712

            

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited and in thousands except share and per share amounts)		2019				2018				2019				2018
Revenue:
Wireless		$	21,814			$	23,259			$	66,552			$	71,186
Software		17,639				19,217				54,189				55,032
Total revenue		39,453				42,476				120,741				126,218
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue		7,190				8,141				22,021				23,635
Research and development		7,437				5,934				20,411				17,845
Technology operations		7,805				7,787				23,345				23,235
Selling and marketing		5,595				5,716				17,279				18,279
General and administrative		11,813				13,673				34,255				38,377
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		2,305				2,785				6,999				8,168
Total operating expenses		42,145				44,036				124,310				129,539
Operating loss		(2,692		)		(1,560		)		(3,569		)		(3,321		)
Interest income		399				384				1,300				1,009
Other income (expense)		163				(110		)		528				(56		)
Loss before income taxes		(2,130		)		(1,286		)		(1,741		)		(2,368		)
Benefit from income taxes		804				446				486				701
Net loss		$	(1,326	)		$	(840	)		$	(1,255	)		$	(1,667	)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share		$	(0.07	)		$	(0.04	)		$	(0.07	)		$	(0.09	)
Basic and diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		19,086,811				19,456,149				19,166,812				19,742,869
Cash dividends declared per common share		$	0.125			$	0.125			$	0.375			$	0.375

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019				2018				2019				2018
(Unaudited and in thousands)
Net loss		$	(1,326	)		$	(840	)		$	(1,255	)		$	(1,667	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(105		)		(367		)		(198		)		(965		)
Other comprehensive loss		(105		)		(367		)		(198		)		(965		)
Comprehensive loss		$	(1,431	)		$	(1,207	)		$	(1,453	)		$	(2,632	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

(Unaudited and in thousands except share amounts)	Outstanding Common Shares			Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital & Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Retained Earnings				Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2018	20,135,514			$	2			$	98,731			$	191,796			$	290,529
Net income	—			—				—				345				345
Adjustment to beginning balance resulting from adoption of ASC 606 and tax impact	—			—				—				4,644				4,644
Purchase of common stock for tax withholding	(56,269	)		—				(892		)		—				(892		)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	—			—				1,234				—				1,234
Cash dividends declared	—			—				—				(2,589		)		(2,589		)
Common stock repurchase program including commissions	(127,792	)		—				(1,927		)		—				(1,927		)
Issuance of restricted stock under the Equity Plan and other	4,812			—				—				—				—
Cumulative translation adjustment	—			—				(256		)		—				(256		)
Balance, March 31, 2018	19,956,265			$	2			$	96,890			$	194,196			$	291,088
Net loss	—			—				—				(1,172		)		(1,172		)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	—			—				1,267				—				1,267
Cash dividends declared	—			—				—				(2,539		)		(2,539		)
Common stock repurchase program including commissions	(501,782	)		—				(7,540		)		—				(7,540		)
Issuance of restricted stock under the Equity Plan and other	17,766			—				143				—				143
Cumulative translation adjustment	—			—				(342		)		—				(342		)
Balance, June 30, 2018	19,472,249			$	2			$	90,418			$	190,485			$	280,905
Net income	—			—				—				(840		)		(840		)
Prior period adjustments	—			—				—				412				412
Purchase of common stock for tax withholding	—			—				(86		)		—				(86		)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	—			—				1,423				—				1,423
Cash dividends declared	—			—				—				(2,500		)		(2,500		)
Common stock repurchase program including commissions	(36,542	)		—				(559		)		—				(559		)
Issuance of restricted stock under the Equity Plan and other	13,611			—								—				—
Cumulative translation adjustment	—			—				(367		)		—				(367		)
Balance, September 30, 2018	19,449,318			$	2			$	90,829			$	187,557			$	278,388

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(Unaudited and in thousands except share amounts)	Outstanding Common Shares			Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital & Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Retained Earnings				Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019	19,389,066			$	2			$	89,258			$	185,294			$	274,554
Net income	—			—				—				742				742
Purchase of common stock for tax withholding	(67,648	)		—				(1,011		)		—				(1,011		)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	—			—				528				—				528
Cash dividends declared	—			—				—				(2,479		)		(2,479		)
Common stock repurchase program including commissions	(131,012	)		—				(1,810		)		—				(1,810		)
Issuance of restricted stock under the Equity Plan and other	13,650			—				—				70				70
Cumulative translation adjustment	—			—				(60		)		—				(60		)
Balance, March 31, 2019	19,204,056			$	2			$	86,905			$	183,627			$	270,534
Net loss	—			—				—				(670		)		(670		)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	—			—				1,029				—				1,029
Cash dividends declared	—			—				—				(2,480		)		(2,480		)
Issuance of restricted stock under the Equity Plan and other	17,910			—				120				$	—			120
Cumulative translation adjustment	—			—				(33		)		—				(33		)
Balance, June 30, 2019	19,221,966			$	2			$	88,021			$	180,477			$	268,500
Net loss	—			—				—				(1,326		)		(1,326		)
Amortization of stock-based compensation	—			—				964				—				964
Cash dividends declared	—			—				—				(2,471		)		(2,471		)
Common stock repurchase program including commissions	(401,342	)		—				(4,765		)		—				(4,765		)
Issuance of restricted stock under the Equity Plan	7,146			—				—				—				—
Cumulative translation adjustment	—			—				(105		)		—				(105		)
Balance, September 30, 2019	18,827,770			$	2			$	84,115			$	176,680			$	260,797

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Unaudited and in thousands)		2019				2018
Cash flows provided by operating activities:
Net loss		(1,255		)		$	(1,667	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion		6,999				8,168
Deferred income tax expense		(569		)		(1,000		)
Stock-based compensation		2,521				3,922
Provision for doubtful accounts, service credits and other		652				1,631
Adjustment of non-cash transaction taxes		—				(156		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		252				(2,534		)
Prepaid expenses, inventory, and other assets		2,131				(1,160		)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other		(1,366		)		(346		)
Deferred revenue		1,383				4,998
Net cash provided by operating activities		10,748				11,856
Cash flows used in investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(4,162		)		(5,094		)
Purchase of short-term investments		(44,499		)		(3,911		)
Maturity of short-term investments		19,000				4,000
Net cash used in investing activities		(29,661		)		(5,005		)
Cash flows used in financing activities:
Cash distributions to stockholders		(7,440		)		(7,631		)
Purchase of common stock (including commissions)		(6,575		)		(10,026		)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan		119				143
Purchase of common stock for tax withholding on vested equity awards		(1,017		)		(978		)
Net cash used in financing activities		(14,913		)		(18,492		)
Effect of exchange rate on cash		(198		)		(965		)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(34,024		)		(12,606		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		83,343				103,179
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		$	49,319			$	90,573
Supplemental disclosure:
Income taxes paid		$	927			$	726

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Spok Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: SPOK) ("Spok," "we," "our" or the "Company") through its wholly-owned subsidiary Spok, Inc., is the global leader in healthcare communications. We deliver clinical information to care teams when and where it matters most to improve patient outcomes. Top hospitals rely on the Spok Care Connect platform to enhance workflows for clinicians, support administrative compliance, and provide a better experience for patients. Our customers send over 100 million messages each month through their Spok solutions.

We offer a focused suite of unified clinical communications and collaboration solutions that include call center operations, clinical alerting and notifications, one-way and advanced two-way wireless messaging services, mobile communications and public safety solutions.

We provide one-way and advanced two-way wireless messaging services including information services throughout the United States. These services are offered on a local, regional and nationwide basis employing digital networks. One-way messaging consists of numeric and alphanumeric messaging services. Numeric messaging services enable subscribers to receive messages that are composed entirely of numbers, such as a phone number, while alphanumeric messages may include numbers and letters, which enable subscribers to receive text messages. Two-way messaging services enable subscribers to send and receive messages to and from other wireless messaging devices, including pagers, mobile devices and personal computers. We also offer voice mail, personalized greeting, message storage and retrieval, and equipment loss and/or maintenance protection to both one-way and two-way messaging subscribers. These services are commonly referred to as wireless messaging and information services.

We also develop, sell and support enterprise-wide systems for hospitals and other organizations needing to automate, centralize and standardize clinical communications and collaboration. These solutions are used for contact centers, clinical alerting and notification, mobile communications and messaging and for public safety notifications. These areas of market focus complement the market focus of our wireless services outlined above. These products and services are commonly referred to as software solutions and services.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In management's opinion, the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments and accruals that are necessary for the presentation of the results of all interim periods reported herein and all such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. As a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 842, Leases, and our application of the modified retrospective approach using a cumulative-effect adjustment to our opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2019, prior period amounts have not been restated under ASC 842. For additional details refer to Note 4, "Significant Accounting Policies Update" and Note 6, "Leases."

Amounts shown on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations within the operating expense categories of Cost of revenue; Research and development; Technology operations; Selling and marketing; and General and administrative are recorded exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.

The financial information included herein, other than the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018, is unaudited. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from, but does not include all, the disclosures contained in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 Annual Report”). The Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year.

Certain prior period amounts in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation. For additional information refer to the 2018 Annual Report.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Use of Estimates

The preparation of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those related to the impairment of long-lived assets; intangible assets subject to amortization and goodwill; accounts receivable allowances; revenue recognition; determining standalone selling price ("SSP") of performance obligations; variable consideration; depreciation expense; asset retirement obligations; and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

NOTE 2 - RISKS AND OTHER IMPORTANT FACTORS

See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of Part I of the 2018 Annual Report, which describe key risks associated with our operations and industry. 

NOTE 3 - RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Recently Adopted

Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either financing or operating with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using the modified retrospective approach that resulted in a material adjustment to our balance sheet as of January 1, 2019. During the quarter ended June 30, 2019 we adjusted our opening balance to record the effect of adopting ASC 842 by approximately $0.4 million. As a result, the impact of the adoption of ASC 842 was an increase to assets and liabilities of approximately $17.8 million. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 840. In the adoption of ASC 842, we elected to use the package of available practical expedients with the exception of hindsight. For additional details refer to Note 4, "Significant Accounting Policies Update" and Note 6, "Leases."

NOTE 4 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES UPDATE

Our significant accounting policies are detailed in Note 1, “Organization and Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2018 Annual Report. Significant changes to our accounting policies as a result of adopting ASC 842 are discussed below:

Leases - ASC 842 “Leases”

Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We have made an accounting policy election not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842 to short-term leases. Those leases which have a term of less than 12 months will have lease payments recognized, in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, on a straight-line basis over the lease term. An optional renewal or termination is not recognized as part of the lease term unless we determine that it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The term reasonably certain is a high threshold for which pervasive evidence generally does not exist, and therefore, optional renewal periods are generally excluded from our ROU assets and lease liabilities until they have been exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use an estimated incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company uses a portfolio approach when determining the discount rate to be applied to its leases. Significant judgment is necessary when determining a discount rate because we must estimate the discount rate based on a number of factors and observable inputs including current market conditions, market yields, government bonds or currency LIBOR rates, credit risk, and other factors as necessary. The Company must also exercise significant judgment when determining whether an option to renew or terminate a lease should be included in the lease term. This judgment includes an assessment of all relevant economic factors such as costs relating to the termination or extension of a lease, importance of the underlying asset to the Company’s operations, and the terms and conditions of the optional periods in relation to current market rates.

Where we have lease agreements which contain lease and non-lease components, we have elected to make use of the practical expedient to account for each separate lease component and associated non-lease component as a single lease component.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

NOTE 5 - REVENUE, DEFERRED REVENUE AND PREPAID COMMISSIONS

Wireless Revenue

Wireless revenue consists of two primary components: Paging revenue and product and other revenue. Paging revenue consists primarily of recurring fees associated with the provision of messaging services and fees for paging devices and is net of a provision for service credits. Product and other revenue reflects system sales, the sale of devices and charges for paging devices that are not returned and are net of anticipated credits. Our core offering includes subscriptions to one-way or two-way messaging services for a periodic (monthly, quarterly, semiannual, or annual) service fee. This is generally based upon the type of service provided, the geographic area covered, the number of devices provided to the customer and the period of commitment. A subscriber to one-way messaging services may select coverage on a local, regional or nationwide basis to best meet their messaging needs. Two-way messaging is generally offered on a nationwide basis. In addition, subscribers either contract for a messaging device from us or they own a device, having purchased it either from us or from another vendor. We also sell devices to resellers who lease or resell devices to their subscribers and then sell messaging services utilizing our networks. We offer ancillary services, such as voicemail and equipment loss or maintenance protection, which increase the monthly recurring revenue we receive along with these traditional messaging services. We also offer encryption for one-way and two-way alphanumeric pagers that utilize AES-128 bit encryption, screen locking and remote wipe capabilities. With encryption enabled, these pagers can add Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA") security capabilities to the low cost, highly reliable and availability benefits of paging. (See Item 1. “Business,” in the 2018 Annual Report for more details.)

Software Revenue

Software revenue consists of two primary components: operations revenue and maintenance revenue. Operations revenue consists primarily of license revenues for our healthcare communications solutions, equipment revenues that facilitate the use of our software solutions, and professional services revenue related to the implementation of our solutions. Maintenance revenue is for ongoing support of our software solutions or related equipment (typically for one year).

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Our software licenses and hardware are generally recognized at a point in time when we have transferred control to the customer. For software licenses, revenue is not recognized until the related license(s) has been made available to the customer and the customer can begin to benefit from its right to use the license(s). Our software licenses represent a right to use Spok’s IP as it exists at a point in time at which the license is granted. Many of our software licenses have significant standalone functionality due to their ability to process a transaction or perform a function or task, and we do not need to maintain those products, once provided to the customer, for value to exist. While the functionality of IP that we license may substantively change during the license period, customers are not contractually or practically required to update their license as a result of those changes. Our wireless, professional and maintenance services are generally recognized over time due to a customer's simultaneous receipt and consumption of the benefit as we perform the work. As we transfer control over time, we recognize revenue based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires significant judgment and is based on the nature of the products or services to be provided. Generally, we use the time-elapsed measure of progress for performance obligations which include wireless or maintenance services. We believe this method best depicts the simultaneous transfer and consumption of the benefit based on our performance as these services are generally considered standby services. For professional services, we leverage an input methodology based on the number of hours worked on a project versus the total expected hours necessary to complete the project. Revenues are recognized proportionally as hours are incurred.

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue type:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				2019				2018
Wireless products and services	$	21,814			$	23,259			$	66,552			$	71,186
License	2,723				3,175				7,239				9,544
Services	4,202				4,555				14,242				12,988
Hardware	689				1,296				2,493				3,428
Maintenance	10,025				10,191				30,215				29,072
Total revenue	$	39,453			$	42,476			$	120,741			$	126,218

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

The U.S. was the only country that accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Revenue by geographic region consisted of the following for the periods stated:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				2019				2018
Revenue
United States	$	38,312			$	41,198			$	116,525			$	122,243
International	1,141				1,278				4,216				3,975
Total revenue	$	39,453			$	42,476			$	120,741			$	126,218

Deferred Revenues

Our deferred revenues represent payments made to, or due from, customers in advance of our performance. Changes in the balance of total deferred revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2018				Additions				Revenue Recognized				September 30, 2019
Deferred Revenue	$	26,582			$	59,759			$	(58,376	)		$	27,965

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $28.5 million related to amounts deferred as of December 31, 2018.

Prepaid Commissions

Our prepaid commissions represent payments made to employees in advance of our performance on the related underlying contracts. These costs have been incurred directly in relation with obtaining a contract. As such, these costs are amortized over the estimated period of benefit. Changes in the balance of total prepaid commissions during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2018				Additions				Commissions Recognized				September 30, 2019
Prepaid Commissions	$	2,394			$	3,607			$	(3,836	)		$	2,165

Prepaid commissions are included within prepaid expenses and other on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and commissions expense is included within Selling and marketing on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Remaining Performance Obligations

We have elected not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and for variable consideration which is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. The remaining backlog is immaterial to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

NOTE 6 - Leases

We have operating lease arrangements for corporate offices, cellular towers, storage units and small building space. The building space is used to house infrastructure, such as transmitters, antennae and other various equipment for the Company’s wireless paging services. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, renewal terms are generally of an evergreen nature (either month-to-month or year-to-year). For leases with a term greater than 12 months, renewal terms are generally explicit and provide for one to five optional renewals consistent with the initial term. Many of our leases, with the exception of those for our corporate offices, include options to terminate the lease within one year. Variable lease payments, residual value guarantees or purchase options are not generally present in these leases.

Lease costs are included in technology operations and general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The following table presents lease costs disaggregated by type:

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)		2019				2019
Operating lease cost		$	1,285			$	4,008
Short-term lease cost		2,255				6,427
Short-term lease cost - related party(1)		895				2,718
Total lease cost		$	4,435			$	13,153
Supplemental Disclosure:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating leases		$	1,419
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		5.84 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		5.5		%

⁽¹⁾ A member of our Board of Directors also serves as a director for an entity that leases transmission tower sites to the Company. Refer to Note 13, "Related Parties" for additional details.

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:

For the Year Ended December 31,		(Dollars in thousands)
For the remaining three months ending December 31, 2019		$	1,416
2020		5,095
2021		4,049
2022		2,475
2023		1,725
Thereafter		4,968
Total future lease payments		19,728
Imputed interest		(2,767		)
Total		$	16,961

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

NOTE 7 - CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT COMPONENTS

Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion

Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses consisted of the following for the periods stated:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				2019				2018
Depreciation
Leasehold improvements	$	14			$	60			$	50			$	195
Asset retirement costs	(191		)		(74		)		(575		)		(226		)
Paging and computer equipment	1,627				1,938				4,950				5,608
Furniture, fixtures and vehicles	92				100				285				310
Total depreciation	1,542				2,024				4,710				5,887
Amortization	625				625				1,875				1,875
Accretion	138				136				414				406
Total depreciation, amortization and accretion expense	$	2,305			$	2,785			$	6,999			$	8,168

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable was recorded net of an allowance of $1.5 million and $1.7 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Accounts receivable, net includes $5.8 million and $8.7 million of unbilled receivables at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Unbilled receivables are defined as the Company's right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to the customer but have not yet billed for, generally as a result of contractual billing terms. The decrease in unbilled receivables was primarily due to an increase in billings for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of the dates stated:

(Dollars in thousands)	Useful Life (In Years)		September 30, 2019				December 31, 2018
Leasehold improvements	shorter of useful life or lease term		$	3,624			$	4,139
Asset retirement costs	1-5		2,041				2,021
Paging and computer equipment	1-5		98,403				98,401
Furniture, fixtures and vehicles	3-5		3,639				4,353
Total property and equipment			107,707				108,914
Accumulated depreciation			(98,104		)		(98,560		)
Total property and equipment, net			$	9,603			$	10,354

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

NOTE 8 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill

We evaluated goodwill for impairment during the three months ended September 30, 2019 due to the decline in stock price during the third quarter which indicated to the Company that impairment could exist. Based on our assessment at September 30, 2019, the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and thus we did not record an impairment of goodwill during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value of the reporting unit by less than five percent. For purposes of the goodwill impairment assessment, the Company as a whole is considered the reporting unit. The fair value of the reporting unit is estimated under a market based approach using the fair value of the Company's common stock. The estimated fair value requires significant judgments, including timing and appropriateness of the price of common stock used (e.g. point-in-time application, simple moving average, exponential moving average, etc.) as well as application of an estimated control premium. The estimated control premium is based on review of current and past market information published by a third-party resource. In accordance with historical practice, the Company anticipates performing its annual assessment of goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2019. We can provide no assurance that the Company's carrying value will continue to exceed the estimated fair value for any future period. A continued declining trend in the price of the Company's common stock will likely result in some impairment to goodwill.

Intangible Assets

Amortizable intangible assets at September 30, 2019 related primarily to customer relationships that resulted from our acquisition of Amcom Software, Inc. in 2011. Such intangibles are being amortized over a period of ten years.

The net consolidated balance of intangible assets consisted of the following at September 30, 2019:

(Dollars in thousands)		Useful Life (In Years)		Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization				Net Balance
Customer relationships		10		$	25,002			$	(21,460	)		$	3,542

Estimated amortization of intangible assets for future periods was as follows:

	(Dollars in thousands)
For the remaining three months ending December 31, 2019	$	625
For the year ending December 31:
2020	2,500
2021	417
Total amortizable intangible assets	$	3,542

NOTE 9 - ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

The components of the changes in the asset retirement obligation liabilities were:

(Dollars in thousands)		Short-Term Portion				Long-Term Portion				Total
Balance at January 1, 2019		$	34			$	6,513			$	6,547
Accretion		29				385				414
Amounts paid		(125		)		—				(125		)
Increases		—				20				20
Reclassifications		162				(162		)		—
Balance at September 30, 2019		$	100			$	6,756			$	6,856

The short-term portion balance above is included within other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2019.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Increases other than accretion, reclassification and amounts paid primarily relate to changes in estimate of the underlying liability, specifically as it relates to updates in estimated costs to remove a transmitter and the estimated timing of removal. The cost associated with the estimated removal costs and timing refinements due to ongoing network rationalization activities is expected to accrete to a total liability of $8.1 million. The total estimated liability is based on the transmitter locations remaining after we have consolidated the number of networks we operate and assume the underlying leases continue to be renewed to that future date.

Accretion expense was $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Accretion expense related solely to asset retirement obligations and was recorded based on the interest method.

NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

General

Our authorized capital stock consists of 75 million shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 25 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no stock options outstanding.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were 18,827,770 and 19,389,066 shares of common stock outstanding, respectively, and no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

Dividends

The following table details our cash dividends declared in 2019. Cash dividends paid as disclosed in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 include previously declared cash dividends on shares of vested restricted common stock ("restricted stock") issued to our non-executive directors and dividends related to vested restricted stock units ("RSUs") issued to eligible employees. Cash dividends on RSUs and restricted stock have been accrued and are paid when the applicable vesting conditions are met. Accrued cash dividends on forfeited restricted stock and RSUs are also forfeited.

Declaration Date		Record Date		Payment Date		Per Share Amount				Total Declared(1)
										(Dollars in thousands)
February 27, 2019		March 15, 2019		March 29, 2019		$	0.125			$	2,479
April 24, 2019		May 24, 2019		June 24, 2019		0.125				2,480
July 31, 2019		August 16, 2019		September 10, 2019		0.125				2,471
		Total				$	0.375			$	7,430

(1) The total declared reflects the cash dividends declared in relation to common stock and unvested RSUs.

On October 23, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share of common stock with a record date of November 15, 2019, and a payment date of December 10, 2019. This cash dividend of approximately $2.4 million will be paid from available cash on hand.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Common Stock Repurchase Program

In August 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2018 on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. In November 2018, the Company's Board of Directors extended the repurchase authority through December 31, 2019. The Company fully exhausted the repurchase authority as of September 30, 2019. The following table presents information with respect to purchases made by the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

Period		Total Number of Shares Purchased			Average Price Paid Per Share(1)				Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs			Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
												(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2019												$	6,555
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019		131,012			$	13.77			131,012			$	4,749
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019		—			—				—			$	4,749
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019		401,342			$	11.83			401,342			—
Total		532,354			$	12.31			532,354

⁽¹⁾ Average price paid per share excludes commissions of approximately $21,294.

The above table excludes shares repurchased to settle employee tax withholdings related to the vesting of equity awards.

Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed on the basis of the weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted net loss per common share is computed on the basis of the weighted average common shares outstanding plus the effect of all potentially dilutive common shares including outstanding restricted stock and RSUs, which are treated as contingently issuable shares, using the “treasury stock” method.

The components of basic and diluted net loss per common share were as follows for the periods stated:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)	2019				2018				2019				2018
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(1,326	)		$	(840	)		$	(1,255	)		$	(1,667	)
Denominator:
Basic and diluted weighted average outstanding shares of common stock	19,086,811				19,456,149				19,166,812				19,742,869
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.07	)		$	(0.04	)		$	(0.07	)		$	(0.09	)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 the following securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted shares outstanding as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
Restricted stock units	$	129,973			$	107,139			$	179,576			$	162,648

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

Share-Based Compensation Plans

On March 23, 2012, our Board of Directors adopted the Spok Holdings, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “2012 Equity Plan”) that was subsequently approved by our stockholders on May 16, 2012. A total of 2,194,986 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under this plan. Awards under the 2012 Equity Plan may be in the form of stock options, common stock, restricted stock, RSUs, performance awards, dividend equivalents, deferred stock, deferred stock units, or stock appreciation rights. Restricted stock awards generally vest one year from the date of grant. Related dividends accumulate during the vesting period and are paid at the time of vesting. Contingent RSUs generally vest over a three-year performance period upon successful completion of the performance objectives. Non-contingent RSUs generally vest in thirds, annually, over a three-year period. Dividend equivalents rights generally accompany each RSU award and those rights accumulate and vest along with the underlying RSU.

The following table summarizes the activities under the 2012 Equity Plan from January 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019:

	Activity
Total equity securities available at January 1, 2019	904,437
RSU and restricted stock awarded to eligible employees, net of forfeitures	(248,955	)
Total equity securities available at September 30, 2019	655,482

The following table details activities with respect to outstanding RSUs and restricted stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2019	404,325			$	17.27
Granted	356,176			13.26
Vested	(14,057	)		15.65
Forfeited	(130,364	)		15.49
Unvested at September 30, 2019	616,080			$	15.37

Of the 616,080 unvested RSUs and restricted stock outstanding at September 30, 2019, 358,218 RSUs include contingent performance requirements for vesting purposes. At September 30, 2019, there was $4.0 million of unrecognized net compensation cost related to RSUs and restricted stock, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.7 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan. In 2016, our Board of Directors adopted the Spok Holdings, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") that was subsequently approved by our stockholders on July 25, 2016. A total of 250,000 shares of common stock have been reserved for issuance under this plan.

The Company's ESPP allows employees to purchase shares of common stock at a discounted rate, subject to plan limitations. Under the ESPP, eligible participants can voluntarily elect to have contributions withheld from their pay for the duration of an offering period, subject to the ESPP limits. At the end of an offering period, contributions will be used to purchase the Company's common stock at a discount to the market price based on the first or last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Participants are required to hold common stock for a minimum period of two years from the grant date. Participants will begin earning dividends on shares after the purchase date. Each offering period will generally last for no longer than six months. Once an offering period begins, participants cannot adjust their withholding amount. If a participant chooses to withdraw, any previously withheld funds will be returned to the participant, with no stock purchased, and that participant will be eligible to participate in the ESPP at the next offering period. If the participant terminates employment with the Company during the offering period, all contributions will be returned to the employee and no stock will be purchased at a discounted rate.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of the common stock to be purchased each offering period on their offer date. The Black-Scholes model requires the use of estimates for the expected term, the expected volatility of the underlying common stock over the expected term, the risk-free interest rate and the expected dividend payment.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, 9,876 and 11,581 shares of the Company's common stock were purchased, respectively, for a total cost of $0.1 million for each period.

The following table summarizes the activities under the ESPP from January 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019:

	Activity
Total ESPP equity securities available at January 1, 2019	208,159
ESPP common stock purchased by eligible employees	(9,876	)
Total ESPP securities available at September 30, 2019	198,283

Amounts withheld from participants will be classified an accrued compensation and benefit on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets until funds are used to purchase shares. This liability amount is immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

We record all stock-based awards, which consist of RSUs, restricted stock and the option to purchase common stock under the ESPP, at fair value as of the grant date. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on a straight-line amortization basis over the respective service period. Forfeitures and withdrawals are accounted for as incurred.

The following table reflects the items for stock-based compensation expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the periods stated:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				2019				2018
Performance-based RSUs	$	397			$	655			$	939			$	1,677
Time-based RSUs and restricted stock	546				750				1,520				2,194
ESPP	21				18				62				51
Total stock-based compensation	$	964			$	1,423			$	2,521			$	3,922

NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES

Spok files a consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return and income tax returns in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions as required.

Our quarterly tax provision, and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate, is subject to significant variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax and taxable income and loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, changes in how we do business, changes in our stock price, foreign currency gains (losses), tax law developments (including changes in statutes, regulations, case law, and administrative practices), and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss. For example, the impact of discrete items and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income is lower.

For 2019, the anticipated effective income tax rate is expected to continue to differ from the Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes, research and development credits, permanent differences between book and taxable income and certain discrete items.

At September 30, 2019, we had total deferred income tax assets ("DTAs") of $47.0 million and no valuation allowance. This reflects an increase of $0.5 million from the December 31, 2018 DTAs of $46.5 million and no valuation allowance.

We consider both positive and negative evidence when evaluating the recoverability of our DTAs. The assessment is required to determine whether, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not (i.e., greater than a 50% probability) that all or some portion of the DTAs will be realized in the future. During the fourth quarter of each year, we update our multi-year forecast of taxable income for our operations, which assists in analyzing the recoverability of our DTAs.

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SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.

UNAUDITED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)

NOTE 12 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

There have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the commitments and contingencies previously reported in the 2018 Annual Report.

NOTE 13 - RELATED PARTIES

A member of our Board of Directors also serves as a director for an entity that leases transmission tower sites to the Company. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we incurred site rent expenses of $0.9 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we incurred site rent expenses of $2.7 million from the entity on which the individual serves as a director. Site rent expenses are included in Technology operations expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements and information relating to Spok Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “Spok,” "our" or the “Company”) that set forth anticipated results based on management’s current plans, known trends and assumptions. These statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “target,” “forecast” and similar expressions, as they relate to Spok are forward-looking statements.

Although these statements are based upon current plans, known trends and assumptions that management considers reasonable, they are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and under the captions “Business,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Statement of Operations (“MD&A”),” and “Risk Factors” in our 2018 Annual Report. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, known trends change, or underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results or outcomes may differ materially from past results and those described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, targeted or forecasted. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements. Investors are advised to consult all further disclosures the Company makes in its subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K that it will file with the SEC. Also note that, in the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report, the Company provides a cautionary discussion of risks, uncertainties and possibly inaccurate assumptions relevant to its business. These are factors that, individually or in the aggregate, could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from past results as well as those results that may be anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, targeted or forecasted. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risk factors. Consequently, investors should not consider the risk factor discussion to be a complete discussion of all of the potential risks or uncertainties that could affect Spok's business, statement of operations or financial condition, subsequent to the filing of this Quarterly Report.

Overview

The following MD&A is intended to help the reader understand the Statement of Operations and Financial Position of Spok. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our 2018 Annual Report and our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. A reference to a “Note” in this section refers to the accompanying Unaudited Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Spok, acting through its indirect wholly-owned operating subsidiary, Spok, Inc., delivers smart, reliable solutions to help protect the health, well-being and safety of people primarily in the United States. Organizations rely on Spok for workflow improvement, secure texting, paging services, contact center optimization and public safety response.

Business

See Note 1, "Organization and Significant Accounting Policies" in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Quarterly Report") and "Item 1. Business" of Part I of the 2018 Annual Report, which describes our business in further detail.

Revenue

We offer a focused suite of unified clinical communications and collaboration solutions that include call center operations, clinical alerting and notifications, one-way and advanced two-way wireless messaging services, mobile communications and public safety solutions.

We develop, sell and support enterprise-wide systems for healthcare, government, large enterprise and other organizations needing to automate, centralize and standardize their approach to clinical communications and collaboration. Our solutions can be found in prominent hospitals, large government agencies, leading public safety institutions, colleges and universities, large hotels, resorts and casinos, and well-known manufacturers. Our primary market has been the healthcare industry, particularly hospitals. We have identified hospitals with 200 or more beds as the primary targets for our software and wireless solutions.

Revenue generated by wireless messaging services (including voice mail, personalized greeting, message storage and retrieval) and equipment loss and/or maintenance protection for both one-way and two-way messaging subscribers is presented as wireless revenue in our Statement of Operations. Revenue generated by the sale of our software solutions, which includes software subscription, software license, professional services (installation, consulting and training), equipment (to be used in conjunction with the software) and post-contract support (on-going maintenance), is presented as software revenue in our Statement of Operations. Our software is licensed to end users under an industry standard software license agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 wireless revenue represented approximately 55.1% and software revenue represented approximately 44.9% of our consolidated revenue.

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Refer to Note 5, "Revenue, Deferred Revenue and Prepaid Commissions" for additional information on our wireless and software revenue streams.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are presented in functional categories. Certain of our functional categories are especially important to overall expense control and management. These operating expenses are categorized as follows:

•	Cost of revenue. These are expenses primarily for hardware, third-party software, outside services expenses and payroll and related expenses for our professional services, logistics, customer support and maintenance staff.

•	Research and Development. These expenses relate primarily to the development of new software products and the ongoing maintenance and enhancement of existing products. This classification consists primarily of employee payroll and related expenses, outside services related to the design, development, testing and enhancement of our solutions and to a lesser extent hardware equipment.

•	Technology operations. These are expenses associated with the operation of our paging networks. Expenses consist largely of site rent expenses for transmitter locations, telecommunication expenses to deliver messages over our paging networks, and payroll and related expenses for our engineering and pager repair functions. We actively pursue opportunities to consolidate

transmitters and other technology operations expenses in order to maintain an efficient network while simultaneously ensuring adequate service for our customers. We believe continued reductions in these expenses will occur as our networks continue to be consolidated for the foreseeable future.

•

Selling and marketing. The sales and marketing staff are involved in selling our communication solutions primarily in the United States. These expenses support our efforts to maintain gross placements of units in service, which mitigated the impact of disconnects on our wireless revenue base, and to identify business opportunities for additional or future software sales. We have a centralized marketing function, which is focused on supporting our products and vertical sales efforts by strengthening our brand, generating sales leads and facilitating the sales process. These marketing functions are accomplished through targeted email campaigns, webinars, regional and national user conferences, monthly newsletters and participation at industry trade shows. Expenses consist largely of payroll and related expenses, commissions and other costs such as travel and advertising costs.

•	General and administrative. These are expenses associated with information technology and administrative functions, which include finance and accounting, human resources and executive management. This classification consists primarily of payroll and related expenses, outside services expenses, taxes, licenses and permit expenses, and facility rent expenses.

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Results of Operations

The following table is a summary of our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Revenue:
Wireless	$	21,814			$	23,259			$	(1,445	)		(6.2	)%		$	66,552			$	71,186			$	(4,634	)		(6.5	)%
Software	17,639				19,217				(1,578		)		(8.2	)%		54,189				55,032				(843		)		(1.5	)%
Total revenue	39,453				42,476				(3,023		)		(7.1	)%		120,741				126,218				(5,477		)		(4.3	)%
Operating expenses:
Cost of revenue	7,190				8,141				(951		)		(11.7	)%		22,021				23,635				(1,614		)		(6.8	)%
Research and development	7,437				5,934				1,503				25.3	%		20,411				17,845				2,566				14.4	%
Technology operations	7,805				7,787				18				0.2	%		23,345				23,235				110				0.5	%
Selling and marketing	5,595				5,716				(121		)		(2.1	)%		17,279				18,279				(1,000		)		(5.5	)%
General and administrative	11,813				13,673				(1,860		)		(13.6	)%		34,255				38,377				(4,122		)		(10.7	)%
Depreciation, amortization and accretion	2,305				2,785				(480		)		(17.2	)%		6,999				8,168				(1,169		)		(14.3	)%
Total operating expenses	42,145				44,036				(1,891		)		(4.3	)%		124,310				129,539				(5,229		)		(4.0	)%
Operating loss	(2,692		)		(1,560		)		(1,132		)		72.6	%		(3,569		)		(3,321		)		(248		)		7.5	%
Interest income	399				384				15				3.9	%		1,300				1,009				291				28.8	%
Other income (expense)	163				(110		)		273				(248.2	)%		528				(56		)		584				(1,043	)%
Loss before income taxes	(2,130		)		(1,286		)		(844		)		65.6	%		(1,741		)		(2,368		)		627				(26.5	)%
Benefit from income taxes	804				446				358				80.3	%		486				701				(215		)		(30.7	)%
Net loss	$	(1,326	)		$	(840	)		$	(486	)		57.9	%		$	(1,255	)		$	(1,667	)		$	412			(24.7	)%
Supplemental Information
Full-Time Equivalent ("FTE") Employees	617				603				14				2.3	%
Active transmitters	3,846				3,942				(96		)		(2.4	)%

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Revenue

The table below details total revenue for the periods stated:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Revenue - wireless:
Paging revenue	$	21,212			$	22,442			$	(1,230	)		(5.5	)%		$	64,241			$	68,574			$	(4,333	)		(6.3	)%
Product and other revenue	602				817				(215		)		(26.3	)%		2,311				2,612				(301		)		(11.5	)%
Total wireless revenue	21,814				23,259				(1,445		)		(6.2	)%		66,552				71,186				(4,634		)		(6.5	)%
Revenue - software:
License	2,723				3,175				(452		)		(14.2	)%		7,239				9,544				(2,305		)		(24.2	)%
Services	4,202				4,555				(353		)		(7.7	)%		14,242				12,988				1,254				9.7	%
Equipment	689				1,296				(607		)		(46.8	)%		2,493				3,429				(936		)		(27.3	)%
Operations revenue	7,614				9,026				(1,412		)		(15.6	)%		23,974				25,961				(1,987		)		(7.7	)%
Maintenance revenue	10,025				10,191				(166		)		(1.6	)%		30,215				29,071				1,144				3.9	%
Total software revenue	17,639				19,217				(1,578		)		(8.2	)%		54,189				55,032				(843		)		(1.5	)%
Total revenue	$	39,453			$	42,476			$	(3,023	)		(7.1	)%		$	120,741			$	126,218			$	(5,477	)		(4.3	)%

The decrease in wireless revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 reflects the decrease in demand for our wireless services. Wireless revenue is generally based upon the number of units in service and the monthly Average Revenue Per User ("ARPU"). On a consolidated basis, ARPU is affected by several factors, including the mix of units in service and the pricing of the various components of our services. The number of units in service changes based on subscribers added, referred to as gross placements, less subscriber cancellations, or disconnects. ARPU for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $7.32 and $7.40, respectively, while total units in service were 1.0 million for both periods. While demand for wireless services continues to decline, it has done so at a slower rate than historically experienced. While we are encouraged that this trend will continue in future periods, we believe that demand will continue to decline for the foreseeable future in line with recent and historical trends. As our wireless products and services are replaced with other competing technologies, such as the shift from narrow band wireless service offerings to broad band technology services, our wireless revenue will continue to decrease.

The following reflects the impact of subscribers and ARPU on the change in wireless revenue:

		Units in Service as of September 30,									Revenue for the Three Months Ended September 30,												Change Due To:
(in thousands)		2019			2018			Change			2019				2018				Change				ARPU				Units
Total		955			999			(44	)		$	21,212			$	22,442			$	(1,230	)		$	(278	)		$	(952	)
		Units in Service as of September 30,									Revenue for the Nine Months Ended September 30,												Change Due To:
(in thousands)		2019			2018			Change			2019				2018				Change				ARPU				Units
Total		955			999			(44	)		$	64,241			$	68,574			$	(4,333	)		$	(1,126	)		$	(3,207	)

As demand for one-way and two-way messaging has declined, we have developed or added service offerings such as encrypted paging and Spok Mobile with a pager number in order to increase our revenue potential and mitigate the decline in our wireless revenue. We will continue to explore ways to innovate and provide customers the highest value possible.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, the decrease in operations revenue primarily resulted from the delivery of fewer software licenses and hardware products. The decline in services revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in reimbursable expense revenues which also resulted in a corresponding decline to cost of sales for the same periods. Our project-based professional services revenues were largely in-line for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to the same period in 2018, the decrease in operations revenue primarily resulted from the delivery of fewer software licenses and hardware products partially offset by an increase in services revenue stemming from stronger utilization rates and more efficient projects. The decrease in maintenance revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as

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compared to the same periods in 2018, primarily relates to the timing of revenue in 2018 and to a lesser extent a limited number of contracts which were up for renewal during the three months ended September 30, 2019 but we are continuing to negotiate. While many of our renewal contracts have auto-renewal terms there are a subset of contracts which require renegotiation for each renewal period. We are generally precluded from recognizing revenue on these contracts until new terms have been agreed to. While certain of our commercial customers require this type of contract renewal, these contracts are generally limited to government organizations including Federal, State and Local entities. The increase in maintenance revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018, is a result of the continued success of revenue renewal rates. The maintenance revenue renewal rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were in excess of 99% and reflect our continuing success in renewals of our maintenance support for existing software solutions and in maintenance support for sales of new solutions.

Operating Expenses

The following is a review of our operating expense categories for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.

Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue consisted primarily of the following items:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Payroll and related	$	5,099			$	4,923			$	176			3.6	%		$	14,779			$	14,667			$	112			0.8	%
Cost of sales	1,567				2,623				(1,056		)		(40.3	)%		5,547				7,221				(1,674		)		(23.2	)%
Stock-based compensation	21				75				(54		)		(72.0	)%		224				205				19				9.3	%
Other	503				520				(17		)		(3.3	)%		1,471				1,542				(71		)		(4.6	)%
Total cost of revenue	$	7,190			$	8,141			$	(951	)		(11.7	)%		$	22,021			$	23,635			$	(1,614	)		(6.8	)%
FTEs	182				185				(3		)		(1.6	)%		182				185				(3		)		(1.6	)%

Cost of revenue expense decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to a decrease in cost of sales partially offset by an increase in payroll and related expenses. The increase in payroll and related expenses is primarily related to to general pay increases partially offset by lower benefit costs. The decrease in cost of sales is primarily related to lower hardware revenues with a corresponding decrease in related costs as well as lower use of third-party resources for professional services.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consisted of the following items:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Payroll and related	$	5,083			$	4,709			$	374			7.9	%		$	13,985			$	13,217			$	768			5.8	%
Outside services	2,027				1,040				987				94.9	%		5,684				4,035				1,649				40.9	%
Stock-based compensation	102				71				31				43.7	%		196				231				(35		)		(15.2	)%
Other	225				114				111				97.4	%		546				362				184				50.8	%
Total research and development	$	7,437			$	5,934			$	1,503			25.3	%		$	20,411			$	17,845			$	2,566			14.4	%
FTEs	136				117				19				16.2	%		136				117				19				16.2	%

Research and development expenses increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of our anticipated increases in payroll and related and outside services expenses, as we continue to focus on the development efforts of our software solutions. We intend to continue these efforts based on their importance to our continued success and do not anticipate a return to historically lower costs. However, increases in staffing and the use of outside services have grown at a slower pace during 2019. These costs will continue to substantially impact margins and our cash flow from operations as the benefits from our development efforts will not immediately be realized for at least one to three years. We anticipate that certain of these costs will begin to qualify for capitalization under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles beginning in late fourth quarter of 2019 or early 2020 as it relates to the development of the Care Connect Platform. Refer to "Item 1. Business" of Part I of the 2018 Annual Report, which describes our development efforts in further detail.

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Technology Operations. Technology operations expenses consisted primarily of the following items:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Payroll and related	$	2,823			$	2,866			$	(43	)		(1.5	)%		$	8,132			$	8,177			$	(45	)		(0.6	)%
Site rent	3,269				3,482				(213		)		(6.1	)%		10,046				10,516				(470		)		(4.5	)%
Telecommunications	1,016				950				66				6.9	%		3,031				2,783				248				8.9	%
Stock-based compensation	30				24				6				25.0	%		91				71				20				28.2	%
Other	667				465				202				43.4	%		2,045				1,688				357				21.1	%
Technology Operations	$	7,805			$	7,787			$	18			0.2	%		$	23,345			$	23,235			$	110			0.5	%
FTEs	90				91				(1		)		(1.1	)%		90				91				(1		)		(1.1	)%

Technology operations expense remained relatively flat for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to the increase in telecommunications and other minor expenses offset by the reduction in site rent. The number of active transmitters declined 2.4% from September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018. The number of active transmitters directly relates to the amount of site rent expenses we generally incur on a recurring basis. As we reach certain minimum frequency commitments, as outlined by the United States Federal Communications Commission, we may be unable to continue our efforts to rationalize and consolidate our networks.

Selling and Marketing. Selling and marketing expenses consisted of the following items:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Payroll and related	$	3,524			$	3,401			$	123			3.6	%		$	10,126			$	10,005			$	121			1.2	%
Commissions	1,114				1,225				(111		)		(9.1	)%		3,836				4,393				(557		)		(12.7	)%
Stock-based compensation	137				135				2				1.5	%		426				404				22				5.4	%
Advertising and events	703				857				(154		)		(18.0	)%		2,293				3,011				(718		)		(23.8	)%
Other	117				98				19				19.4	%		598				466				132				28.3	%
Total selling and marketing	$	5,595			$	5,716			$	(121	)		(2.1	)%		$	17,279			$	18,279			$	(1,000	)		(5.5	)%
FTEs	103				99				4				4.0	%		103				99				4				4.0	%

Selling and marketing expenses decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to the decrease in commissions and advertising and events expenses partially offset by an increase in payroll and related expenses. The increase in payroll and related expenses is primarily related to an increase in headcount. The decrease in advertising and events expenses is largely due to managements focused efforts to reduce marketing costs to augment research and development initiatives. The decrease in commissions expenses primarily relates to the mix of revenue and the related commissions associated with those revenues. Commissions were paid at a lower rate on revenues that were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same periods in 2018.

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General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consisted of the following items:

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								Change							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2019				2018				Total				%			2019				2018				Total				%
Payroll and related	$	4,220			$	4,834			$	(614	)		(12.7	)%		$	12,397			$	13,589			$	(1,192	)		(8.8	)%
Stock-based compensation	674				1,118				(444		)		(39.7	)%		1,584				3,011				(1,427		)		(47.4	)%
Bad debt	402				513				(111		)		(21.6	)%		614				1,321				(707		)		(53.5	)%
Facility rent, office, and technology costs	2,369				2,426				(57		)		(2.3	)%		7,147				7,998				(851		)		(10.6	)%
Outside services	2,004				2,363				(359		)		(15.2	)%		6,086				5,621				465				8.3	%
Taxes, licenses and permits	888				1,081				(193		)		(17.9	)%		2,672				3,185				(513		)		(16.1	)%
Other	1,256				1,338				(82		)		(6.1	)%		3,755				3,652				103				2.8	%
Total general and administrative	$	11,813			$	13,673			$	(1,860	)		(13.6	)%		$	34,255			$	38,377			$	(4,122	)		(10.7	)%
FTEs	106				111				(5		)		(4.5	)%		106				111				(5		)		(4.5	)%

General and administrative expenses decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to the decrease in payroll and related, stock based compensation, outside services and bad debt expense, partially offset by an increase in facility rent and office costs. The decrease in payroll and related expenses is primarily due to a decrease in headcount, benefit related costs, and forfeitures related to the resignation of a named executive officer ("NEO"). The decrease in stock-based compensation is largely due to forfeitures related to the previously mentioned NEO resignation during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 when compared to the same periods in 2018. The decrease in facility rent and office costs is primarily to due to a reduction in certain telephone and technology expenses in addition to repair and maintenance costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 when compared to the same periods in 2018. The decrease in bad debt expenses is related to a change in methodology meant to provide additional coverage for our exposure to potentially uncollectible accounts receivable during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 that did not occur for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Depreciation, Amortization and Accretion. Depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses were $2.3 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $7.0 million and $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease of $0.5 million in depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 and the decrease of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 are primarily due to certain paging assets becoming fully depreciated in 2018 and continued efforts to reduce capital expenditures. For additional details regarding depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses refer to Note 7, "Consolidated Financial Statement Components."

Benefit from income taxes. Benefit from income taxes were $0.8 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $0.5 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Income tax benefit increased $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 and decreased $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018. The change in the provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 primarily relates to an increase in pre-tax book loss partially offset by the change in the projected annual effective tax rate as a result of certain permanent tax differences, estimated research and development tax credits and certain discrete items. The change in the provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 primarily relates to a decrease in pre-tax book loss and partially offset by the change in the projected annual effective tax rate as a result of certain permanent tax differences, estimated research and development tax credits and certain discrete items. Further details can be found in Note 11, "Income Taxes."

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of $79.2 million.

The available cash and cash equivalents are held in accounts managed by third-party financial institutions and consist of invested cash and cash in our operating accounts. The invested cash is invested in interest bearing funds managed by third-party financial institutions. These funds invest in direct obligations of the government of the United States. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to our invested cash or cash equivalents; however, we can provide no assurance that access to our invested cash and cash equivalents will not be impacted by adverse market conditions. Our short-term investments consist entirely of U.S. Treasury securities which are classified as held-to-maturity and are measured at amortized cost on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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At any point in time, we have approximately $7.0 to $12.0 million in our operating accounts that are with third-party financial institutions. While we monitor daily the cash balances in our operating accounts and adjust the cash balances as appropriate, these cash balances could be impacted if the underlying financial institutions fail or are subject to other adverse conditions in the financial markets. To date, we have experienced no loss or lack of access to cash in our operating accounts.

We intend to use our cash on hand to provide working capital, to support operations, to invest in our business, and to return value to stockholders through cash dividends and possible repurchases of our common stock. We may also consider using cash to fund or complete opportunistic investments and acquisitions that we believe will provide a measure of growth or revenue stability while supporting our existing operations. Because we intend to continue to substantially invest in the development of our integrated communications platform over the next several years, commensurate with declining revenues from our wireless business, we anticipate that our cash on hand will decrease significantly during that period, and possibly longer until revenues from our Spok Care Connect platform begin to be realized.

Overview

In the event that net cash provided by operating activities and cash on hand are not sufficient to meet future cash requirements, we may be required to reduce planned capital expenses, reduce or eliminate our cash dividends to stockholders, not resume our common stock repurchase program, sell assets and/or seek outside financing. We can provide no assurance that reductions in planned capital expenses or proceeds from asset sales would be sufficient to cover shortfalls in available cash or that outside financing would be available on acceptable terms.

Based on current and anticipated levels of operations, we anticipate net cash provided by operating activities, together with the available cash on hand at September 30, 2019, should be adequate to meet our anticipated cash requirements for the foreseeable future.

The following table sets forth information on our net cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the periods stated:

		Nine Months Ended September 30,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)		2019				2018
Net cash provided by operating activities		$	10,748			$	11,856			$	(1,108	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(29,661		)		(5,005		)		(24,656		)
Net cash used in financing activities		(14,913		)		(18,492		)		3,579

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities. As discussed above, we are dependent on cash flows provided by operating activities to meet our cash requirements. Cash provided by operating activities varies depending on changes in various working capital items including deferred revenue, accounts payable, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and various accrued expenses. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease of $1.1 million is related to an increase in net income of $0.4 million (increase in cash flow), a decrease of $1.2 million in depreciation, amortization and accretion expenses (decrease in cash flow), a decrease in non-cash items of $0.4 million (decrease in cash flow), and a decrease in stock-based compensation of $1.4 million (decrease in cash flow). With respect to changes in assets and liabilities the net cash provided by operating activities reflects a net $5.9 million greater increase to assets (increase in cash flow), partially offset by a $3.6 million greater decrease in deferred revenue (decrease in cash flow), a $0.8 million greater decrease in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other (decrease in cash flow).

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities increased by $24.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to the purchase of additional U.S. treasury securities.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities decreased by $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease was largely due to common stock repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 that did not take place during the same period in 2019.

Future Cash Dividends to Stockholders. On October 23, 2019, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share of common stock with a record date of November 15, 2019, and a payment date of December 10, 2019. This cash dividend of approximately $2.4 million will be paid from available cash on hand.

Common Stock Repurchase Program. In August 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.0 million of the Company's common stock through December 31, 2018 on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. In November 2018, the Company's Board of Directors extended the repurchase authority through December 31, 2019. The Company fully exhausted the repurchase authority as of September 30, 2019. For additional details regarding the common stock repurchase program refer to Note 10, "Stockholders' Equity."

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Other. For 2019, the Board of Directors currently expects to pay dividends of $0.125 per common share each quarter, subject to declaration by the Board of Directors.

Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases. We have operating leases for office and transmitter locations. Substantially all of these leases have lease terms ranging from one month to five years. We continue to review our office and transmitter locations, and intend to replace, reduce or consolidate leases, where possible. As we reach certain minimum frequency commitments, as outlined by the United States Federal Communications Commission, we may be unable to continue our efforts to rationalize and consolidate our networks. Total rent expense under operating leases was $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. As such, we are not exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such relationships.

Commitments and Contingencies. See Note 12, "Commitments and Contingencies" for further discussion on our commitments and contingencies.

Related Party Transactions

See Note 13, "Related Parties" for a discussion regarding our related party transactions.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preceding discussion and analysis of financial condition and operations is based on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to those related to the impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets subject to amortization and goodwill, accounts receivable, revenue recognition, asset retirement obligations, and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

There have been no changes to the critical accounting policies reported in the 2018 Annual Report that affect our significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements other than those outlined in Note 4, "Significant Accounting Policies Update."

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ITEM 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2019, we had no outstanding debt and no revolving credit facility.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We conduct a limited amount of business outside the United States. The financial impact of transactions billed in foreign currencies is immaterial to our financial results and, consequently, we do not have any material exposure to the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management carried out an evaluation, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with the participation of our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of our last fiscal quarter. Disclosure controls and procedures are defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act as controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes made to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 12, "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Notes to Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The risk factors included in “Part I – Item 1A – Risk Factors” of the 2018 Annual Report have not materially changed during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table presents information with respect to purchases made by the Company of the Company's common stock during the

three months ended September 30, 2019:

Period		Total Number of Shares Purchased			Average Price Paid Per Share(1)				Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs			Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
												(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at June 30, 2019												4,749
July 1 to 31, 2019		—			$	—			—			4,749
August 1 to 31, 2019		352,059			$	11.88			352,059			568
September 1 to 30, 2019		49,283			$	11.52			49,283			—
For the three months ended September 30, 2019		401,342			$	11.83			401,342

⁽¹⁾Average price paid per share excludes commissions of approximately $16,054

For additional details regarding purchases made by the Company of the Company's stock refer to Note 10, "Stockholders' Equity." The above table excludes shares repurchased to settle employee tax withholding related to the vesting of equity awards.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index below are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this report.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed/Furnished Herewith

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, dated October 24, 2019

Filed

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, dated October 24, 2019

Filed

32.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 dated October 24, 2019

Furnished

32.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 dated October 24, 2019

Furnished

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document*

Furnished

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*

Furnished

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation*

Furnished

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition*

Furnished

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels*

Furnished

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation*

Furnished

*	The financial information contained in these XBRL documents is unaudited.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		SPOK HOLDINGS, INC.
Dated: October 24, 2019		/s/ Michael W. Wallace
		Name:		Michael W. Wallace
		Title:		Chief Financial Officer
				(Principal Financial Officer and duly authorized officer)