STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. - Quarter Report: 2009 September (Form 10-Q)
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009
OR
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 001-34436
Starwood Property Trust, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | 27-0247747 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer | |
Incorporation or Organization) | Identification No.) | |
591 West Putnam Avenue | ||
Greenwich, Connecticut | 06830 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code:
(203) 422-7700
(203) 422-7700
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter earlier period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate
Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and
posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of accelerated
filer, large accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer þ | Smaller reporting company o | |||
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
The number of shares of the issuers common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of November
16, 2009, was 47,583,800.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
PART I Financial Information
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
As of | ||||
September 30, 2009 | ||||
Assets: |
||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 892,714 | ||
Investments in mortgage backed securities held to maturity, net |
202,635 | |||
Contractual deposits |
5,000 | |||
Accrued interest receivable |
1,025 | |||
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $3 |
340 | |||
Other assets |
1,072 | |||
Total assets |
$ | 1,102,786 | ||
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
||||
Liabilities: |
||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ | 697 | ||
Related-party payable |
2,210 | |||
Dividends payable |
5,349 | |||
Secured financing agreements |
171,507 | |||
Deferred offering costs |
27,195 | |||
Other liabilities |
281 | |||
Total liabilities |
207,239 | |||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |
| |||
Equity: |
||||
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders Equity: |
||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 per share 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding |
| |||
Common stock, $0.01 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 47,583,800 issued and outstanding |
476 | |||
Additional paid-in capital |
894,254 | |||
Accumulated deficit |
(7,268 | ) | ||
Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders Equity |
887,462 | |||
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated entity |
8,085 | |||
Total Equity |
895,547 | |||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 1,102,786 | ||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
1
Table of Contents
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
For the Period from | ||||
August 17, 2009 | ||||
(Commencement of | ||||
Operations) Through | ||||
September 30, 2009 | ||||
Net interest margin: |
||||
Interest income from mortgage backed securities |
$ | 865 | ||
Interest expense |
(253 | ) | ||
Net interest margin |
612 | |||
Expenses: |
||||
Management fees (including $811 of non-cash stock-based compensation) |
2,465 | |||
General and administrative (including $11 of non-cash stock-based
compensation) |
501 | |||
Total operating expenses |
2,966 | |||
Interest income from cash balances |
583 | |||
Net loss |
$ | (1,771 | ) | |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |
148 | |||
Net loss attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
$ | (1,919 | ) | |
Net loss per common share: |
||||
Basic |
$ | (0.04 | ) | |
Diluted |
$ | (0.04 | ) | |
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding: |
||||
Basic |
47,575,000 | |||
Diluted |
47,575,000 | |||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
2
Table of Contents
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders Equity
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Starwood | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional | Trust, Inc. | Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Paid- | Accumulated | Stockholders | controlling | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Par Value | In Capital | Deficit | Equity | interests | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at August 17, 2009 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Commencement of Operations) |
100 | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 1 | $ | | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from public offering of
common stock |
46,575,000 | 466 | 931,034 | 931,500 | 931,500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting and offering costs |
(57,592 | ) | (57,592 | ) | (57,592 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from private placement |
1,000,000 | 10 | 19,990 | 20,000 | 20,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cancelation of shares |
(100 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
822 | 822 | 822 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(1,919 | ) | (1,919 | ) | 148 | (1,771 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends declared, $0.11 per share |
(5,349 | ) | (5,349 | ) | (5,349 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Contribution from noncontrolling
interests |
50,855 | 50,855 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution to noncontrolling interests |
(42,918 | ) | (42,918 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2009 |
47,575,000 | $ | 476 | $ | 894,254 | $ | (7,268 | ) | $ | 887,462 | $ | 8,085 | $ | 895,547 | ||||||||||||||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
3
Table of Contents
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)
For the Period from | ||||
August 17, 2009 | ||||
(Commencement of | ||||
Operations) Through | ||||
September 30, 2009 | ||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |
||||
Net loss |
$ | (1,771 | ) | |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided from
operating activities: |
||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs |
3 | |||
Amortization of net discount |
(2 | ) | ||
Stock-based compensation |
822 | |||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||
Related-party payable |
1,685 | |||
Interest income receivable, less purchased interest |
(772 | ) | ||
Other assets |
(1,072 | ) | ||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
447 | |||
Other liabilities |
281 | |||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(379 | ) | ||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |
||||
Investment in commercial mortgage-backed securities held to maturity |
(202,633 | ) | ||
Purchased interest on commercial mortgage-backed securities, net |
(253 | ) | ||
Contractual deposits |
(5,000 | ) | ||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(207,886 | ) | ||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |
||||
Borrowings of secured financing arrangements |
171,579 | |||
Principal repayments on borrowings |
(72 | ) | ||
Payment of deferred financing costs |
(343 | ) | ||
Repurchase and retirement of shares |
(1 | ) | ||
Proceeds from common stock offerings |
951,500 | |||
Payments of underwriting and offering costs |
(29,622 | ) | ||
Contribution from noncontrolling interest owners |
50,855 | |||
Distribution to noncontrolling interest owners |
(42,918 | ) | ||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
1,100,978 | |||
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
892,713 | |||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |
1 | |||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |
$ | 892,714 | ||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 86 | ||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activity: |
||||
Dividends declared |
$ | 5,349 | ||
Deferred offering costs |
$ | 27,195 | ||
See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
4
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
1. Business and Organization
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) is a Maryland corporation
that commenced operations on August 17, 2009, upon the completion of its initial public
offering. The Company is focused primarily on originating, investing in, financing and managing
commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real estate debt investments. The Company may also
invest in residential mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage loans. The Company is
externally managed and advised by SPT Management, LLC (the Manager).
The Company is organized and conducts its operations to qualify as a real estate investment
trust (REIT) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code). As such, the
Company will generally not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on that portion of its
net income that is distributed to stockholders if it distributes at least 90% of its taxable income
to its stockholders by prescribed dates and complies with various other requirements.
The Company is organized as a holding company that conducts its business primarily through two
wholly-owned subsidiaries, SPT Real Estate Sub I, LLC and SPT TALF
Sub I, LLC. The Company has
formed joint ventures (the Joint Ventures) with Starwood Hospitality Fund II (Hotel II) and
Starwood Opportunity Fund VIII (SOF VIII), collectively the Starwood Private Real Estate Funds,
in accordance with the co-investment and allocation agreement with our Manager. These Joint
Ventures are owned 75% by the Company and are consolidated into the Companys consolidated
financial statements.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board (FASB) issued a pronouncement establishing the FASB Accounting Standards Codification
(Codification) as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be
applied in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP. The standard
explicitly recognizes rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under federal securities laws as
authoritative GAAP for Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) registrants. This standard is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods ending after
September 15, 2009. The Company has adopted this standard in the third quarter of 2009.
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments In April 2009, the FASB issued a
statement requiring an entity to provide qualitative and quantitative information on a quarterly
basis about fair value estimates for any financial instruments not measured on the balance sheet at
fair value. The Company adopted this pronouncement in the third quarter of 2009.
Subsequent Events In May 2009, the FASB issued a statement which introduces the concept of
financial statements being available to be issued. It requires the disclosure of the date through
which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date, that is, whether that
date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. The
pronouncement is effective for interim periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company adopted this
pronouncement in the 2009 third quarter. The Company evaluates subsequent events as of the date of
issuance of its financial statements and considers the impact of all events that have taken place
to that date in its disclosures and financial statements when reporting on the Companys financial
position and results of operations. The Company has evaluated
subsequent events through November 16,
2009 and has determined that no other events need to be disclosed.
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets In June 2009, the FASB issued a statement which
eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) and requires more
information about transfers of
financial assets, including securitization transactions as well as a companys continuing
exposure to the risks related to transferred financial assets. This statement has not yet been
codified but remains authoritative guidance until such time that it is integrated in the FASB ASC.
This statement is effective for financial asset transfers made on or after January 1, 2010 and
early adoption is prohibited. Management is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this
statement on our consolidated financial statements.
5
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
Amendments to Variable Interest Entity Accounting In June 2009, the FASB issued a statement
which amends the consolidation guidance applicable to variable interest entities (VIEs). The
amendments will significantly affect the overall consolidation analysis. It changes the way a
primary beneficiary is determined in a VIE and how entities account for securitizations and special
purpose entities as a result of the elimination of the QSPE concept. This statement has not yet
been codified but remains authoritative guidance until such time that it is integrated in the FASB
ASC. This statement will be effective on January 1, 2010 and early adoption is prohibited. Management
is currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this
statement.
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures In August 2009, the FASB issued a statement which
provides guidance on measuring the fair value of liabilities. It clarifies that the unadjusted
quoted price for an identical liability, when traded as an asset in an active market is a Level 1
measurement for the liability and provides guidance on the valuation techniques to estimate fair
value of a liability in the absence of a Level 1 measurement. This statement is effective for the
first interim or annual reporting period after its issuance. The adoption of this statement did
not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Basis of Accounting and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnotes are
unaudited. In our opinion, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments)
necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been
made. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for
the remainder of 2009.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of
our consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. The
preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States of America (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The Company uses plain English when describing or referencing accounting standards in the
notes to the financial statements. As a result, there may be no reference to particular accounting
standards by name, standard number, or Codification reference number.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and short-term investments. Short-term
investments are comprised of highly liquid instruments with original maturities of three months or
less. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in multiple financial institutions and
at times these balances exceed federally insurable limits.
Debt Securities
GAAP requires that at the time of purchase, the Company designate debt securities as
held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading depending on ability and intent to hold such
security to maturity. Held-to-maturity investments are stated at cost plus any premiums or
discounts, which are amortized through the consolidated statements of income using the effective
interest method. Securities that the Company does not hold for the purpose of selling in the
near-term, but may dispose of prior to maturity, are designated as available-for-sale and are
carried at estimated fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses recorded as a component of
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders equity. As of September 30, 2009,
all of the Companys debt securities were designated as held-to-maturity.
The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) at least
quarterly. Securities are considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired when it is probable
that we will be unable to recover our investment. The evaluation of a securitys estimated cash
flows includes the following, as applicable: (i) review of the credit of the issuer or the
borrower; (ii) review of the credit rating of the security, (iii) review of the key terms of the
security, (iv) review of the performance of the loan or underlying loans, including debt service
coverage and loan-to-value ratios; (v) analysis of the value of the collateral for the loan or
underlying loans, (vi) analysis of the
effect of local, industry, and broader economic factors, and (vii) analysis of historical and
anticipated trends in defaults and loss severities for similar securities. Unrealized losses on
securities that are other than temporary are charged against earnings as a loss on the consolidated
statements of operations.
6
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
Revenue Recognition
Interest income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the investment
security or loan and the contractual terms. Discounts or premiums associated with the purchase of
an investment security are amortized into interest income on an effective yield or interest
method, based on expected cash flows through the expected maturity date of the security. Depending
on the nature of the investment, changes to expected cash flows may result in a prospective change
to yield or a retrospective change, which would include a catch up adjustment. Upon settlement of
securities, the excess (or deficiency) of net proceeds over the net carrying value of such security
or loan is recognized as a gain (or loss) in the period of settlement. Investment security
transactions are recorded on the trade date.
Deferred Financing Costs
Costs incurred in connection with securitized financing are capitalized and amortized over the
respective loan terms and are reflected on the accompanying statement of operations as a component
of interest expense. As of September 30, 2009, the Company had approximately $340,000 of
capitalized financing costs, net of amortization.
Earnings per share
The Company calculates basic earnings per share by dividing net income for the period by the
weighted average of common shares outstanding for that period. Diluted earnings per share takes
into effect the dilutive instruments, such as restricted stock and restricted stock units, except
when doing so would be antidilutive. As of September 30, 2009, there were 1,051,300 dilutive
securities outstanding.
Share-based payments
The Company recognizes the cost of share-based compensation and payment transactions in the
consolidated financial statements using the same expense category as would be charged for payments
in cash. The fair value of the restricted stock or restricted stock-units granted is recorded to
expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for the entire award, with an offsetting
increase in stockholders equity. For grants to employees and directors, the fair value is
determined based upon the stock price on the grant date. For nonemployee grants, the fair value is
based on the stock price when the shares vest, which requires the amount to be adjusted in each
subsequent reporting period based on the fair value of the award at the end of the reporting period
until such time as the award has vested.
Income Taxes
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT and intends to comply with the Code, as amended,
with respect thereto. Accordingly, the Company will not be subject to federal income tax to the
extent of its distributions to shareholders as long as certain asset, income and stock ownership
test are met. Many of these requirements are technical and complex and if we fail to meet these
requirements we may be subject to federal, state, and local income tax and penalties.
Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs
Underwriting commissions and costs incurred in connection with our initial public offering
totaled approximately $57.6 million and are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital.
7
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
3. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS)
For the quarter ended September 30, 2009, the Company invested in CMBS through a joint venture
with SOF VIII in which the Company owns a 75% controlling interest and is required to consolidate
under GAAP. The table below represents 100% of the joint venture activity.
Gross Book | Premium | Net Book | ||||||||||
Value | (Discount) | Value | ||||||||||
Balance as of August 11, 2009 (commencement of operations) |
$ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Acquisitions |
202,699 | (66 | ) | 202,633 | ||||||||
Discount/premium amortization |
| 2 | 2 | |||||||||
Balance as of September 30, 2009 |
$ | 202,699 | $ | (64 | ) | $ | 202,635 | |||||
The overall statistics for our CMBS investments calculated on a weighted average basis
assuming no early prepayments or defaults as of September 30, 2009 are as follows:
Credit Ratings (A) |
AAA | |||
Coupon |
5.62 | % | ||
Yield |
5.69 | % | ||
Weighted Average Life |
2.20 years |
(A) | Ratings per Fitch, Moodys or S&P. |
The rating, vintage, property type, and location of the collateral securing our CMBS
investments calculated on a weighted average basis as of September 30, 2009 are as
follows:
Vintage | Percentage | |||
2006 |
49.7 | % | ||
2007 |
50.3 | % | ||
Total |
100.0 | % | ||
Property Type | Percentage | |||
Office |
37.2 | % | ||
Retail |
31.0 | % | ||
Multifamily |
14.4 | % | ||
Hotel |
8.2 | % | ||
Industrial |
3.5 | % | ||
Other |
5.7 | % | ||
Total |
100.0 | % | ||
Location | Percentage | |||
Northeast |
27.6 | % | ||
South |
28.6 | % | ||
Midwest |
11.6 | % | ||
West |
23.9 | % | ||
Other |
8.3 | % | ||
Total |
100.0 | % | ||
8
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
4. Secured Financing Facilities
On August 28, 2009 and September 25, 2009, the Company entered into multiple Federal Reserve
Bank of New York Term Asset-backed securities Loan Facilities (TALF) through its joint venture
with SOF VIII. The TALF loans are non-recourse, bear a fixed interest rate and mature
five years from the loan closing dates. The loans are collateralized by the Companys CMBS
investments, which are held in a Master TALF Collateral Account and are under the control of the
lender until the loan is satisfied. As of September 30, 2009, the amounts outstanding under the
TALF facility were approximately $171.5 million.
Debt | Collateral | |||||||
Book Value | Book Value | |||||||
August 28, 2009, TALF loans, fixed rate 3.872%,
mature August 2014 |
$ | 55,030 | $ | 64,907 | ||||
September 25, 2009, TALF loans, fixed rate
3.796%, mature September 2014 |
116,477 | 137,728 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 171,507 | $ | 202,635 | ||||
Principal repayments are due on the TALF financing when principal is collected on the
underlying CMBS securities, which can be paid off earlier or later than expected based on certain
market factors including asset sales or loan defaults. As of September 30, 2009, the Manager has
no anticipation of early principal repayments loan defaults of the underlying CMBS. The following
table represents our five-year principal repayments schedule for the TALF secured financing
assuming no early prepayments or defaults of the underlying CMBS assets.
Debt | ||||
Book | ||||
Value | ||||
2009 |
$ | | ||
2010 |
| |||
2011 |
85,945 | |||
2012 |
85,562 | |||
2013 and thereafter |
| |||
Total |
$ | 171,507 | ||
5. Related-Party Transactions
Management Agreement
The Company entered into a management agreement with our Manager upon closing of our initial
public offering, which provides for an initial term of three years with automatic one-year
extensions thereafter unless terminated as described below. Under the management agreement, our
Manager, subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors, is required to manage the day-to-day
activities of the Company, for which the Manager receives a base management fee and is eligible for
an incentive fee and stock awards. The Manager is also entitled to charge the Company for certain
expenses incurred on behalf of the Company.
In accordance with the management agreement, the Company pays the Manager an annual base
management fee calculated as 1.5% per annum of stockholders equity less adjustments for unrealized
gains (losses) and other non-cash items affecting stockholders equity and less any common stock
repurchased since inception. These fees are payable quarterly in arrears and adjustments shall be
made at the end of each calendar year to reflect the actual
management fees payable for the year. For the period ended September 30, 2009, approximately
$1.7 million was incurred and payable to the Manager for base management fees.
9
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
The Manager will be entitled to an incentive fee with respect to each calendar quarter based
on annualized Core Earnings as defined below. The incentive fee is calculated as 20% of the excess
of Core Earnings over 8% of the weighted average shares outstanding times the weighted average
public offering issue price. Core Earnings is a non-GAAP measure defined as GAAP net income (loss)
excluding non-cash equity compensation expense, the incentive fee, unrealized gains, losses, or
other non-cash items. The incentive fee shall be payable one-half in common stock so long as the
ownership of shares by the Manager does not exceed the 9.8% stock ownership limit set forth in the
Company charter. As of September 30, 2009, no incentive fee was earned by the Manager.
The Company will be required to reimburse the Manager for operating expenses incurred by the
Manager on behalf of the REIT, including legal, accounting, due diligence, executive compensation
and other services. The expense reimbursement is not subject to any dollar limitations but will be
subject to review by the Companys Board of Directors. For the period ended September 30, 2009,
approximately $30,000 was incurred and payable to the Manager for executive compensation and other
reimbursable expenses.
Prior to commencement of operations, the Manager advanced approximately $148,000 to the
Company for the initial capitalization and cash for payment of SEC and other required filing fees
in connection with the initial public offering. The Company repaid the cash advances in full after
receipt of the proceeds from the initial public offering.
In connection with the initial public offering, the Company incurred an estimated $525,000 for
services provided by parties related to affiliates of our Manager. As of September 30, 2009, these
costs had been recorded as related-party payable and a reduction in additional paid-in capital.
After the initial three-year term, the Company can terminate the management agreement without
cause with an affirmative two thirds vote by the independent directors and 180 days written notice
to the Manager. Upon termination without cause, the Manager is due a termination fee equal to
three times the sum of the average annual base management fee and incentive fee earned by the
Manager over the preceding eight calendar quarters. No termination fee is payable if the Manager
is terminated for cause, as defined in the management agreement, which can be done at anytime with
30 days written notice from the Companys board of directors.
6. Stockholders Equity
Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par
value and 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value.
On August 17, 2009, the Company completed its initial public offering, in which it sold
46,575,000 shares of common stock for $20 per share, and a concurrent private placement to an
entity controlled by Starwood Capital Group of an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock for
$20 per share. The Companys total net proceeds from these offerings was approximately $921.1
million, excluding $27.2 million contingent underwriter fee (see Note 9).
The Company declared a dividend of $0.01 and $0.10 per share for the third and fourth quarters
of 2009, respectively, on September 18, 2009. The dividends will be paid on January 29, 2010, to
shareholders of record on October 31, 2009 and December 30, 2009, respectively.
Equity Incentive Plans
The Company has reserved 3,112,500 shares of common stock for issuance under the Equity Plan
and Manager Equity Plan and an additional 100,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the
Director Stock Plan. These plans provide for the issuance of restricted stock or restricted stock
units. The holders of awards of restricted stock or restricted stock units will be entitled to
receive dividends or distribution equivalents, which in either case will be payable at such time
dividends are paid on outstanding shares.
10
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
The Company granted each of its four directors 2,200 restricted shares in August 2009, with a
total fair value of $176,000. The awards will vest ratably in three annual installments on each of
the first second and third anniversaries of the grant, subject to the directors continued service.
As of September 30, 2009, approximately $7,000 was included in general and administrative expense
related to the grants.
In August 2009, the Company granted 1,037,500 restricted stock units with a fair value of
approximately $20.8 million at the grant date to the Manager under the Manager Equity Plan. The
award will vest ratably in quarterly installments over three years beginning on October 1, 2009.
As of September 30, 2009, approximately $811,000 was included in Manager stock-based payment
expense related to this grant.
The
Company granted 5,000 restricted stock units with a fair value of
$100,000 to employees under the
Equity Plan in August 2009. The award will vest ratably in quarterly installments over three years
beginning on October 1, 2009. As of September 30, 2009, approximately $4,000 was included in
general and administrative expense related to this grant.
7. Net Loss per Share
Net loss per share for the period since commencement of operations through September 30, 2009,
is computed as follows (amounts in thousands except share and per share):
Basic: |
||||
Net loss attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
$ | (1,919 | ) | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
47,575,000 | |||
Basic net loss per common share |
$ | (0.04 | ) | |
Diluted: |
||||
Net loss attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
$ | (1,919 | ) | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
47,575,000 | |||
Additional shares due to assumed conversion of dilutive
instruments |
| |||
Adjusted weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
47,575,000 | |||
Diluted net loss per common share |
$ | (0.04 | ) |
Potentially dilutive shares relating to 1,051,300 shares of restricted stock and restricted
stock units are not included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share because the effect
was antidilutive for the period ended September 30, 2009.
8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based upon the
estimation of discount rates to estimated future cash flows using market yields or other valuation
methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated
fair value. Accordingly, fair values are not necessarily indicative of the amount the Company
could realize on disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions
or estimation methodologies could have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
11
Table of Contents
STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC. and Subsidiaries
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
September 30, 2009
Due to the short maturities of cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest, and accounts
payable, the carrying value was deemed to be an approximation of the fair value. The fair value of
investment securities were based upon valuations obtained from dealers of those securities. The
fair value of the secured financing facilities was based on a discounted cash flow analysis using
the TALF rates on September 25, 2009.
Carrying | Fair | |||||||
Value | Value | |||||||
Financial Assets: |
||||||||
CMBS |
$ | 202,635 | $ | 203,203 | ||||
Financial Liabilities: |
||||||||
Secured financing |
$ | 171,507 | $ | 171,507 |
9. Commitments and Contingencies
In connection with the Companys initial public offering, the Company is required to pay $27.2
million of underwriters fee if the Companys Core Earnings exceeds an 8% performance hurdle rate
over four consecutive quarters as defined in the underwriters agreement. Based on our original
business plan, the Company expects to achieve this level of earnings. Therefore, the Company
recorded a deferred liability and an offsetting reduction in additional paid-in capital for the
full $27.2 million.
The Company has made a $5 million non-refundable deposit related to an agreement to acquire a
portfolio of loans with $147.5 million principal value secured by seven properties located in the
Southeast and leased a single tenant for approximately $110 million.
Management is not aware of any other contractual obligations, legal proceedings, or any other
contingent obligations incurred in the normal course of business that would have a material adverse
effect on the Companys financial statements.
10. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through November 16, 2009, the date these
financial statements were issued, and determined that there have not been any events that have
occurred that would require adjustments to or disclosures in the unaudited consolidated financial
statements except for the following:
In October 2009, the Company acquired approximately $13 million face value of bonds secured by
a mortgage on a New York City hotel for approximately $11 million.
In November 2009, the Company acquired a portfolio of loans with $147.5 million principal
value secured by seven properties located in the Southeast and leased to a single tenant for
approximately $110 million.
12
Table of Contents
Item 2. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, or this report, we refer to Starwood Property Trust,
Inc. and our subsidiaries as we, us, the Company, or our unless we specifically state
otherwise.
The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and
notes included herein. This Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations contains certain Non-GAAP financial measures. See Non-GAAP Financial
Measures and supporting schedules for reconciliation of our Non-GAAP financial measures to the
comparable GAAP financial measures.
Overview
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. is a newly organized Maryland corporation focused primarily
on originating, investing in, and financing commercial mortgage loans and other commercial real
estate debt investments, commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), and other commercial real
estate-related debt investments. We may also invest in residential mortgage loans, residential
mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) for which a U.S. Government agency or a federally chartered
corporation guarantees payments of principal and interest on the securities, or Agency RMBS, and
RMBS that are not guaranteed by any U.S. Government agency or federally chartered corporation, or
Non-Agency RMBS. We collectively refer to commercial mortgage loans, other commercial real estate
debt investments, CMBS, other commercial real estate-related debt investments, residential mortgage
loans, and RMBS as our target assets.
Initially, we expect to focus on opportunities that exist in the U.S. commercial mortgage
loan, commercial real estate debt, and CMBS markets. As market conditions change over time, we may
adjust our strategy to take advantage of changes in interest rates and credit spreads as well as
economic and credit conditions. We believe that the diversification of our portfolio of assets,
our expertise among the target asset classes, and the flexibility of our strategy will position us
to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders in a variety of assets and market
conditions.
We intend to construct a diversified investment portfolio by focusing on asset
selection and the relative value of various sectors within the debt market. Initially, we expect
to finance our investments with financing under the Federal Reserves Term Asset-Backed Securities
Loan Facility (TALF) or U.S. Treasurys Public-Private Investment Program (PPIP), to the extent
available to us, as well as through securitizations and other sources of financing that may be
available to us, including warehouse and bank credit facilities.
The Company is organized as a holding company that conducts its business primarily through
two wholly-owned subsidiaries, SPT Real Estate Sub I, LLC and SPT
TALF Sub I, LLC. The Company has formed joint ventures (the Joint Ventures) with
Starwood Hospitality Fund II (Hotel II) and Starwood Opportunity Fund VIII (SOF VIII),
collectively the Starwood Private Real Estate Funds, in accordance with the co-investment and
allocation agreement with our Manager. These Joint Ventures are owned 75% by the Company and are
consolidated into the Companys consolidated financial statements.
We are externally managed and advised by SPT Management, LLC (our Manager). Our Manager is
controlled by Barry Sternlicht, our chairman and chief executive officer. SPT Management, LLC is an
affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, a privately-held private equity firm founded and controlled by
Mr. Sternlicht. Pursuant to a management agreement, dated August 17, 2009, between our Manager and
us, our Manager provides for the day-to-day management of our operations in exchange for the fees
and other payments described below.
We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (REIT) for
U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2009. We
also intend to operate our business in a manner that will permit us to maintain our exemption from
registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act.
13
Table of Contents
Factors Impacting Our Operating Results
Our results of our operations are affected by a number of factors and primarily depend
on, among other things, the level of our net interest income, and the supply of, and demand for,
commercial mortgage loans, commercial real
estate debt, CMBS and other financial assets in the marketplace. Our net interest income,
which reflects the amortization of purchase premiums and accretion of purchase discounts, varies
primarily as a result of changes in interest rates, prepayment rates on our mortgage loans and
prepayment speeds on our MBS. Interest rates and prepayment rates vary according to the type of
investment, conditions in the financial markets, credit worthiness of our borrowers, competition
and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty. Our operating results may
also be impacted by credit losses in excess of initial anticipations or unanticipated credit events
experienced by borrowers whose mortgage loans are held directly by us or are included in our CMBS
and/or RMBS.
Changes in Fair Value of Our Assets. It is our business strategy to hold our target
assets as long-term investments. As such, we expect that the majority of our MBS (including CMBS
and RMBS) will be carried at amortized cost as held-to-maturity securities. As a result, we do not
expect changes in the fair value of the assets to normally impact our operating results. However,
at least on a quarterly basis, we assess both our ability and intent to continue to hold such
assets to maturity. As part of this process, we monitor our target assets for other-than-temporary
impairment. A change in our ability and/or intent to continue to hold any of our investment
securities could result in our recognizing an impairment charge or realizing losses upon the sale
of such securities.
Changes in Market Interest Rates. With respect to our business operations,
increases in interest rates, in general, may over time cause:
| the interest expense associated with our borrowings to increase; |
||
| the value of our mortgage loan and MBS portfolio to decline; |
||
| coupons on our adjustable-rate mortgage loans to reset, although on a delayed basis,
to higher interest rates; |
||
| to the extent applicable under the terms of our investments, prepayments on our
mortgage loan portfolio and MBS to slow, thereby slowing the amortization of our
purchase premiums and the accretion of our purchase discounts; and |
||
| to the extent we enter into interest rate swap agreements as part of our hedging
strategy, the value of these agreements to increase. |
Conversely, decreases in interest rates, in general, may over time cause:
| the interest expense associated with our borrowings to decrease; |
||
| the value of our mortgage loan and MBS portfolio to increase; |
||
| coupons on our adjustable-rate mortgage loans and MBS to reset, although on a
delayed basis, to lower interest rates. |
||
| to the extent applicable under the terms of our investments, prepayments on our
mortgage loan and MBS portfolio to increase, thereby accelerating the amortization of
our purchase premiums and the accretion of our purchase discounts; |
||
| to the extent we enter into interest rate swap agreements as part of our hedging
strategy, the value of these agreements to decrease, and |
Credit Risk. One of our strategic focuses is acquiring assets which we believe to be of high
credit quality in the context of the returns we are seeking. We believe this strategy will
generally keep our credit losses and financing costs low. We are subject to varying degrees of
credit risk in connection with our target assets. Our Manager will seek to mitigate this risk by
seeking to acquire high quality assets at appropriate prices given anticipated and unanticipated
losses, deploying a comprehensive review and asset selection process, and careful
ongoing monitoring of acquired assets. Nevertheless, unanticipated credit losses could occur
which could adversely impact our operating results.
14
Table of Contents
Size of Portfolio. The size of our portfolio of assets, as measured by the
aggregate principal balance of our mortgage-related securities and the other assets we own is also
a key revenue driver. Generally, as the size of our portfolio grows, the amount of interest income
we receive increases. A larger portfolio, however, may result in increased expenses as we may
incur additional interest expense to finance the purchase of our assets.
Market Conditions. We believe that our target assets currently present highly
attractive risk-adjusted return profiles. Beginning in the summer of 2007, adverse changes in the
financial markets have resulted in a deleveraging of the entire global financial system and the
forced sale of large quantities of mortgage-related and other financial assets. As a result of
these conditions, many traditional mortgage investors have suffered severe losses in their loan and
securities portfolios and several major market participants have failed or been impaired, resulting
in a contraction in market liquidity for mortgage-related assets. This illiquidity has negatively
affected both the terms and availability of financing for all mortgage-related assets, and has
generally resulted in mortgage-related assets trading at significantly lower prices compared to
prior periods. The recent period has also been characterized by an almost across the board
downward movement in loan and securities valuations, even though different mortgage pools have
exhibited widely different default rate and performance characteristics.
In an effort to stem the fallout from current market conditions, the United States and other
nations have begun to inject unprecedented levels of liquidity into the financial system and take
other actions designed to create a floor in financial asset valuations, restore stability to the
financial sector and support the flow of credit and other capital into the broader economy.
Significant government intervention has mitigated weakness in financial markets as evidenced by a
tightening of credit spreads in the broader markets, but commercial real estate property
transaction volume and financing activity remain constrained. There has been a significant lack of
new issuance in the CMBS market, although the secondary CMBS prices are generally higher since our
initial offering in light of government programs such as TALF. Various public companies and
private funds have formed or been announced since our initial offering, which we expect will
increase competition for investment opportunities in our target assets.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally
accepted in the United States (GAAP), which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that
involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. In accordance
with SEC guidance, the following discussion addresses the critical accounting policies that apply
to our operations. Our most critical accounting policies involve decisions and assessments that
could affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenues and expenses.
We believe that the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements are based are
reasonable based upon information available to us at that time. Our critical accounting policies
and accounting estimates may be expanded over time as we fully implement our strategy. The
accounting policies and estimates that we initially expect to be most critical to an investors
understanding of our financial results and condition and require complex management judgment are
discussed below.
Classification of Investment Securities and Valuations of Financial Instruments
Our MBS investments are expected to initially consist primarily of commercial real
estate debt instruments and CMBS that we will classify as either available-for-sale or
held-to-maturity. To date, all investments have been classified as held-to-maturity and are
carried at amortized cost, net of deferred fees and costs, with income recognized using the
effective interest method. However, future investments in MBS may be classified as
available-for-sale, in which case they will be carried at their fair value, with changes in fair
value recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss), a component of stockholders
equity, rather than through earnings. We do not intend to hold any of our investment securities
for trading purposes; however, if our securities were classified as trading securities, there could
be substantially greater volatility in our earnings as changes in the fair value of securities
classified as trading are recorded through earnings.
15
Table of Contents
When the estimated fair value of a security is less than amortized cost, we will
consider whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) in the value of the security.
Unrealized losses on securities considered to be other-than-temporary will be recognized in
earnings. The determination of whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired involves judgments and assumptions based on subjective and objective
factors. Consideration is given to (i) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value
has been less than cost, (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of recovery in fair
value of the security, and (iii) our intent to retain our investment in the security, or whether it
is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in
fair value. Investments with unrealized losses will not be considered other-than-temporarily
impaired if we have the ability and intent to hold the investments for a period of time, to
maturity if necessary, sufficient for a forecasted market price recovery up to or beyond the cost
of the investments. Our management may be required to exercise significant judgment in evaluating
our investments for OTTI, and changes in assumptions could have a material impact on our recorded
results of operations and financial position.
Loans Held-for-Investment
Loans held-for-investment will be stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of
deferred loan fees and costs. Interest income will be recognized using the interest method or a
method that approximates a level rate of return over the loan term. Net deferred loan fees and
origination and acquisition costs will be recognized in interest income over the loan term as yield
adjustment. Loans that we have a plan to sell or liquidate in the near term will be held at the
lower of cost or fair value.
Loan Impairment
For loans classified as held-for-investment, we will evaluate the loans for possible
impairment on a quarterly basis. Impairment occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be
able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Impairment will
then be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans
contractual effective rate or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral
dependent. Upon measurement of impairment, we record an allowance to reduce the carrying value of
the loan accordingly and record a corresponding charge to net income. Significant judgments are
required in determining impairment, including making assumptions regarding the value of the loan,
the value of the underlying collateral and other provisions such as guarantees.
Securitizations
We may periodically enter into transactions in which we sell financial assets, such
as commercial mortgage loans, CMBS, and other assets. Upon a transfer of financial assets, we will
sometimes retain or acquire senior or subordinated interests in the related assets. Gains and
losses on such transactions will be recognized based on a financial components approach that
focuses on control. Under this approach, after a transfer of financial assets that meets the
criteria for treatment as a salelegal isolation, ability of transferee to pledge or exchange the
transferred assets without constraint, and transferred controlan entity recognizes the financial
and servicing assets it acquired or retained and the liabilities it has incurred, derecognizes
financial assets it has sold, and derecognizes liabilities when extinguished. We will determine
the gain or loss on sale of mortgage loans by allocating the carrying value of the underlying
mortgage between securities or loans sold and the interests retained based on their fair values.
The gain or loss on sale is the difference between the cash proceeds from the sale and the amount
allocated to the securities or loans sold. From time to time, we may securitize mortgage loans we
hold if such financing is available. These transactions will be accounted for as either a sale
and the loans will be removed from our balance sheet or as a financing and will be classified as
securitized loans on our balance sheet, depending upon the structure of the securitization
transaction. This may require us to exercise significant judgment in determining whether a
transaction should be recorded as a sale or a financing.
Investment Consolidation
For each investment we make, we evaluate the underlying entity that issued the securities
we acquired or to which we make a loan to determine the appropriate accounting. A similar analysis
is performed for each entity with which we enter into an agreement for management, servicing or
related services. GAAP addresses the application of consolidation principles to certain entities in
which voting rights are not effective in identifying an investor with a controlling financial
interest. This determination can sometimes involve complex and subjective analyses.
16
Table of Contents
Interest Income Recognition
We expect that interest income on our mortgage loans and AAA-rated MBS will be accrued
based on the actual coupon rate and the outstanding principal balance of such assets. Premiums and
discounts will be amortized or accreted into interest income over the lives of the assets using the
effective yield method, as adjusted for actual prepayments.
For our securities rated below AAA and unrated securities, cash flows from a
security are estimated applying assumptions used to determine the fair value of such security and
the excess of the future cash flows over the investment are recognized as interest income under the
effective yield method. We review and, if appropriate, make adjustments to our cash flow
projections at least quarterly and monitor these projections based on input and analysis received
from external sources, internal models, and our judgment about interest rates, prepayment rates,
the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. Changes in cash flows from those
originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation, may result in a prospective
change in interest income recognized on, or the carrying value of, such securities.
For whole loans purchased at a discount, GAAP limits the yield that may be accreted
(accretable yield) to the excess of the investors estimate of undiscounted expected principal,
interest, and other cash flows (cash flows expected at acquisition to be collected) over the
investors initial investment in the loan. The excess of contractual cash flows over cash flows
expected to be collected is not allowed to be recognized as an adjustment of yield, loss accrual,
or valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected generally
should be recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loans yield over its remaining life.
Decreases in cash flows expected to be collected should be recognized as impairment.
Hedging Instruments and Hedging Activities
GAAP requires an entity to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in
the balance sheets and to measure those instruments at fair value. Additionally, the fair value
adjustments affect either other comprehensive income in stockholders equity until the hedged item
is recognized in earnings or net income depending on whether the derivative instrument qualifies as
a hedge for accounting purposes and, if so, the nature of the hedging activity.
Although we have not done so to date, in the normal course of business, we may use a variety
of derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. These derivative
financial instruments must be effective in reducing our interest rate risk exposure in order to
qualify for hedge accounting. When the terms of an underlying transaction are modified, or when
the underlying hedged item ceases to exist, all changes in the fair value of the instrument
included in net income for each period until the derivative instrument matures or is settled. Any
derivative instrument used for risk management that does not meet the hedging criteria is
marked-to-market with the changes in value included in net income.
We will use derivatives for hedging purposes only and not for speculation. When we have
derivatives, we will determine the fair value in accordance with GAAP and may obtain quotations
from a third party to facilitate the process of determining these fair values. If our hedging
activities do not achieve our desired results, our reported earnings may be adversely affected.
Income Taxes
Our financial results are generally not expected to reflect provisions for current or
deferred income taxes. We believe that we operate in a manner that allows us to qualify for
taxation as a REIT. As a result of our expected REIT qualification, we do not generally expect to
pay U.S. federal corporate level taxes. Many of the REIT requirements, however, are highly
technical and complex. If we were to fail to meet the REIT requirements, we would be subject to
U.S. federal, state and local income taxes.
17
Table of Contents
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board (FASB) issued a pronouncement establishing the FASB Accounting Standards Codification
(Codification) as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be
applied in the preparation of
financial statements in conformity with GAAP. The standard explicitly recognizes rules and
interpretive releases of the SEC under federal securities laws as authoritative GAAP for Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) registrants. This standard is effective for financial statements
issued for fiscal years and interim periods ending after September 15, 2009. The Company has
adopted this standard in the third quarter of 2009.
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments In April 2009, the FASB issued a
statement requiring an entity to provide qualitative and quantitative information on a quarterly
basis about fair value estimates for any financial instruments not measured on the balance sheet at
fair value. The Company adopted this pronouncement in the third quarter of 2009.
Subsequent Events In May 2009, the FASB issued a statement which introduces the concept of
financial statements being available to be issued. It requires the disclosure of the date through
which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date, that is, whether that
date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. The
pronouncement is effective for interim periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company adopted this
pronouncement in the 2009 third quarter. The Company evaluates subsequent events as of the date of
issuance of its financial statements and considers the impact of all events that have taken place
to that date in its disclosures and financial statements when reporting on the Companys financial
position and results of operations. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through November 9,
2009 and has determined that no other events need to be disclosed.
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets In June 2009, the FASB issued a statement which
eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) and requires more
information about transfers of financial assets, including securitization transactions as well as a
companys continuing exposure to the risks related to transferred financial assets. This statement
has not yet been codified but remains authoritative guidance until such time that it is integrated
in the FASB ASC. This statement is effective for financial asset transfers made on or after
January 1, 2010 and early adoption is prohibited. Management is currently evaluating the impact of
adopting this statement on our consolidated financial statements.
Amendments to Variable Interest Entity Accounting In June 2009, the FASB issued a statement
which amends the consolidation guidance applicable to variable interest entities (VIEs). The
amendments will significantly affect the overall consolidation analysis. It changes the way a
primary beneficiary is determined in a VIE and how entities account for securitizations and special
purpose entities as a result of the elimination of the QSPE concept. This statement has not yet
been codified but remains authoritative guidance until such time that it is integrated in the FASB
ASC. This statement will be effective on January 1, 2010 and early adoption is prohibited. Management
is currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements of adopting this
statement.
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures In August 2009, the FASB issued a statement which
provides guidance on measuring the fair value of liabilities. It clarifies that the unadjusted
quoted price for an identical liability, when traded as an asset in an active market is a Level 1
measurement for the liability and provides guidance on the valuation techniques to estimate fair
value of a liability in the absence of a Level 1 measurement. This statement is effective for the
first interim or annual reporting period after its issuance. The adoption of this statement did
not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
We began our principal operations on August 17, 2009. We are currently in the process of
investing the proceeds of our initial public offering and private placement transactions. Results
for the initial period of our operations are not indicative of the results we expect when our
investment strategy has been fully implemented.
Our net loss attributable to common shareholders for the period August 17, 2009 (commencement
of operations) through September 30, 2009 was approximately $1.9 million or $0.04 per weighted
average common share (basic and diluted). We earned investment income on our portfolio of CMBS of
approximately $865,000 and incurred approximately $253,000, for a net interest margin of
approximately $612,000. In addition, we earned approximately $583,000 in interest income on cash
balances.
For the period August 17, 2009 through September 30, 2009, our non-investment expenses totaled
$3.0 million and consisted of base Management fees payable to our Manager ($1.7 million), non-cash
stock-based
expense related to the amortization of grants issued to our Manager upon completion of our
initial public offering ($0.8 million), and other general and administrative expenses ($0.5
million). The other general and administrative expense includes insurance, professional fees,
employee compensation costs, and general overhead costs for the Company. There was no incentive
management fee incurred for the period.
18
Table of Contents
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including
ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make
distributions to our stockholders and other general business needs. We will use significant cash
to purchase our target assets, repay principal and interest on our borrowings, make distributions
to our stockholders and fund our operations. Our primary sources of cash currently consist of the
net proceeds from our August 2009 initial public offering and private placement, payments of
principal and interest we receive on our portfolio of assets, cash generated from our operating
results and financing arrangements such as non-recourse loans provided through the TALF.
As of September 30, 2009, we had cash and cash equivalents of $892.7 million which we believe
is sufficient to satisfy our liquidity needs for the next twelve months with respect to our current
investment portfolio, operating expenses, and REIT distribution requirements. We anticipate using
additional sources of liquidity, in addition to cash on hand, to purchase our target assets over
the next twelve months.
Additional sources of liquidity we may use in the future include (i) investments in funds that
have non-recourse term borrowing facilities and capital provided under the PPIP, (ii) non-recourse
loans provided under the TALF, (iii) securitizations, (iv) private financing such as warehouse and
bank credit facilities, and (v) public offerings of our equity or debt securities. If we are
unable to obtain financing through U.S. Government programs and unable to invest in the asset
classes expected to be financed through these programs at attractive rates of return on an
unlevered basis, then we will either utilize other financing sources or we will not invest in these
asset classes.
Leverage Policies
We intend to employ prudent leverage, to the extent available, to fund the acquisition of
our target assets and to increase potential returns to our stockholders. Although we are not
required to maintain any particular leverage ratio, the amount of leverage we will deploy for
particular investments in our target assets will depend upon our Managers assessment of a variety
of factors, which may include the anticipated liquidity and price volatility of the assets in our
investment portfolio, the potential for losses and extension risk in our portfolio, the gap between
the duration of our assets and liabilities, including hedges, the availability and cost of
financing the assets, our opinion of the creditworthiness of our financing counterparties, the
health of the U.S. economy and commercial and residential mortgage markets, our outlook for the
level, slope, and volatility of interest rates, the credit quality of our assets, the collateral
underlying our assets, and our outlook for asset spreads relative to the LIBOR curve.
We expect, initially, that we may deploy leverage on our commercial mortgage loans, on a
debt-to-equity basis, of up to 3-to-1. In addition, we have and expect to continue to deploy
leverage on a debt-to-equity basis, of up to 6-to-1 in conjunction with financings that may be
available to us under programs established by the U.S. Government. We consider these initial
leverage ratios to be prudent for these asset classes.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Contractual obligations as of September 30, 2009 are as follows (amounts in thousands):
Less than 1 | 1 to 3 | 3 to 5 | More than 5 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | year | years | years | years | ||||||||||||||||
Secured financings, including interest payable |
$ | 186,064 | $ | 6,932 | $ | 179,132 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
Acquisition commitments |
106,000 | 106,000 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 292,064 | $ | 112,932 | $ | 179,132 | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||
19
Table of Contents
The table above does not does not include amounts due under our management agreement or
Underwriters Agreement as those obligations, discussed below, do not have fixed and determinable
payments.
Pursuant to the management agreement between our Manager and us, our Manager provides for the
day-to-day management of our operations in exchange for the fees and other payments described
below.
Base Management Fee The base management fee is 1.5% of our stockholders equity per
annum and calculated and payable quarterly in arrears. For purposes of calculating the management
fee, our stockholders equity means: (a) the sum of (1) the net proceeds from all issuances of our
equity securities since inception (allocated on a pro rata daily basis for such issuances during
the fiscal quarter of any such issuance), plus (2) our retained earnings at the end of the most
recently completed calendar quarter (without taking into account any non-cash equity compensation
expense incurred in current or prior periods), less (b) any amount that we pay to repurchase our
common stock since inception. It also excludes (1) any unrealized gains and losses and other
non-cash items that have impacted stockholders equity as reported in our financial statements
prepared in accordance with GAAP, and (2) one-time events pursuant to changes in GAAP, and certain
non-cash items not otherwise described above, in each case after discussions between our Manager
and our independent directors and approval by a majority of our independent directors. As a
result, our stockholders equity, for purposes of calculating the management fee, could be greater
or less than the amount of stockholders equity shown on our financial statements. The base
management fee is payable quarterly in cash.
Incentive Fee From August 17, 2009 (the effective date of the management agreement),
our Manager is entitled to be paid the incentive fee described below with respect to each calendar
quarter (or part thereof that the management agreement is in effect) if (1) our Core Earnings (as
defined below) for the previous 12-month period (or part thereof that the management agreement is
in effect) exceeds an 8% hurdle, and (2) our Core Earnings for the 12 most recently completed
calendar quarters (or part thereof that the management agreement is in effect) is greater than
zero.
The incentive fee will be an amount, not less than zero, equal to the difference between (1)
the product of (x) 20% and (y) the difference between (i) our Core Earnings (as defined below) for
the previous 12-month period (or part thereof that the management agreement is in effect), and (ii)
the product of (A) the weighted average of the issue price per share of our common stock of all of
our public offerings multiplied by the weighted average number of all shares of common stock
outstanding (including any restricted stock units, any restricted shares of common stock and other
shares of common stock underlying awards granted under our equity incentive plans) in such previous
12-month period (or part thereof that the management agreement is in effect), and (B) 8%, and (2)
the sum of any incentive fee paid to our Manager with respect to the first three calendar quarters
of such previous 12-month period (or part thereof that the management agreement is in effect). For
purposes of calculating the incentive fee prior to the completion of a 12-month period following
the effective date of the management agreement, Core Earnings will be calculated on an annualized
basis.
One half of each quarterly installment of the incentive fee will be payable in shares of our
common stock so long as the ownership of such additional number of shares by our Manager would not
violate the 9.8% stock ownership limit set forth in our charter, after giving effect to any waiver
from such limit that our board of directors may grant to our Manager in the future. The remainder
of the incentive fee will be payable in cash. The number of shares to be issued to our Manager will
be equal to the dollar amount of the portion of the quarterly installment of the incentive fee
payable in shares divided by the average of the closing prices of our common stock on the NYSE for
the five trading days prior to the date on which such quarterly installment is paid.
Expense Reimbursement We are required to reimburse our Manager for operating
expenses related to us that are incurred by our Manager, including expenses relating to legal,
accounting, due diligence and other services. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any
dollar limitation. Expenses are reimbursed in cash on a monthly basis.
We do not reimburse our Manager for the salaries and other compensation of its personnel
except that, pursuant to a secondment agreement between Starwood Capital Group and us, we are
responsible for Starwood Capital Groups expenses incurred in employing our chief financial
officer, treasurer and chief compliance officer.
20
Table of Contents
Termination Fee The termination fee is equal to three times the sum of the average
annual base management fee and incentive fee earned by our Manager during the 24-month period prior
to such termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter. The
termination fee will be payable upon
termination of the management agreement (i) by us without cause or (ii) by our Manager if we
materially breach the management agreement.
Other Pursuant to the underwriting agreement among the underwriters of our August
2009 initial public offering, our Manager and us, our Manager agreed to pay the underwriters
$9,065,000, representing a portion of the initial underwriting discount for 46,575,000 of the
shares we sold to the public through the underwriters. Pursuant to the management agreement, we
have agreed to refund our Manager for this amount if during any full four calendar quarter period
during the 24 full calendar quarters beginning on October 1, 2009 our Core Earnings for any such
four-quarter period exceeds the product of (x) the weighted average of the issue price per share of
all public offerings of our common stock, multiplied by the weighted average number of shares
outstanding (including any restricted stock units, any restricted shares of common stock and any
other shares of common stock underlying awards granted under our equity incentive plans) in such
four-quarter period and (y) 8%. In addition, if the management agreement is terminated and we are
required to pay our Manager the termination fee described above, we would also be required to
refund our Manager for this amount irrespective of whether we have met the hurdle described above.
Deferred Underwriting Discount Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, we must pay
the underwriters an additional $18,130,000 if during any full four calendar quarter period during
the 24 full calendar quarters beginning on October 1, 2009 our Core Earnings for any such
four-quarter period exceeds the product of (x) the weighted average of the issue price per share of
all public offerings of our common stock, multiplied by the weighted average number of shares
outstanding (including any restricted stock units, any restricted shares of common stock and any
other shares of common stock underlying awards granted under our equity incentive plans) in such
four-quarter period and (y) 8%.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2009, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities
or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured investment vehicles, or
special purpose or variable interest entities, established to facilitate off-balance sheet
arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Further, as of September 30, 2009,
we had not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into any commitment or
intent to provide additional funding to any such entities.
Dividends
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. U.S.
federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT
taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains,
and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than
100% of its net taxable income. We intend to pay regular quarterly dividends to our stockholders
in an amount equal to our net taxable income, if and to the extent authorized by our board of
directors. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise,
we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our debt. If our cash
available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to sell assets
or borrow funds to make cash distributions or we may make a portion of the required distribution in
the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. In addition, prior to
the time we have fully deployed the net proceeds of our August 2009 initial public offering, equal
to approximately $921.1 million, we may fund our quarterly distributions out of such net proceeds.
21
Table of Contents
On September 18, 2009, our board of directors declared a dividend of $0.01 per share for the
period ending September 30, 2009, which dividend is payable on January 29, 2010 to common
shareholders of record as of October 31, 2009. On such date, our board of directors also declared
a dividend of $0.10 per share for the quarter ending December 31, 2009, which dividend is payable
on January 29, 2010 to common shareholders of record as of December 30, 2009.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Core Earning is a non-GAAP Financial measure. We calculate Core Earnings as GAAP net income
(loss) less non-cash equity compensation expense, the incentive fee, depreciation and amortization
(to the extent that we foreclose on any properties underlying our target assets), any unrealized
gains, losses or other non-cash items
recorded in net income for the period, regardless of whether such items are included in other
comprehensive income or loss, or in net income. The amount will be adjusted to exclude one-time
events pursuant to changes in GAAP and certain other non-cash charges as determined by our Manager
and approved by a majority of our independent directors.
We believe that Core Earnings provides an additional measure of our core operating performance
by eliminating the impact of certain non-cash expenses and facilitating a comparison of our
financial results to those of other comparable REITs with fewer or no non-cash charges and
comparison of our own operating results from period to period. The Company uses Core Earnings in
this way, and also uses Core Earnings to compute the incentive fee due under the management
agreement. The Company believes that its investors also use Core Earnings to evaluate and compare
the performance of the Company and its peers, and as such, the Company believes that the disclosure
of Core Earnings is useful to (and expected of) its investors.
However, the Company cautions that Core Earnings does not represent cash generated from
operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net
income (determined in accordance with GAAP), or an indication of our cash flow from operating
activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of
funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. In
addition, our methodology for calculating Core Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed
by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly,
our reported Core Earnings may not be comparable to the Core Earnings reported by other REITs.
Our Core Earnings for the same period was approximately ($1.1 million) or ($0.02) per weighted
average share. The table below provides a reconciliation of net income to Core Earning as for the
period August 11, 2009 through September 30, 2009:
September 30, 2009 Reconciliation of Net Income to Core Earnings
Amounts | Per Share | |||||||
Net loss attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc |
$ | (1,919 | ) | $ | (0.04 | ) | ||
Add back for non-cash stock-based compensation |
822 | 0.02 | ||||||
Core Earnings (Loss) |
$ | (1,097 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | ||
Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in this report that are subject to risks and uncertainties.
These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of
our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans, and objectives. When we
use the words believe, expect, anticipate, estimate, plan, continue, intend,
should, may or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.
Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking:
| the use of proceeds of our August 2009 initial public offering; |
||
| our business and investment strategy; |
22
Table of Contents
| our projected operating results; |
||
| actions and initiatives of the U.S. Government and changes to U.S. Government
policies; |
||
| our ability to obtain financing arrangements; |
||
| financing and advance rates for our target assets; |
||
| our expected leverage; |
||
| general volatility of the securities markets in which we invest; |
||
| our expected investments; |
||
| interest rate mismatches between our target assets and our borrowings used to fund
such investments; |
||
| changes in interest rates and the market value of our target assets; |
||
| changes in prepayment rates on our target assets; |
||
| effects of hedging instruments on our target assets; |
||
| rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our target assets; |
||
| the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest
rate volatility; |
||
| changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, and similar matters; |
||
| our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax
purposes; |
||
| our ability to maintain our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act; |
||
| availability of investment opportunities in mortgage-related and real estate-related
investments and securities; |
||
| availability of qualified personnel; |
||
| estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the
future; |
||
| our understanding of our competition; and |
||
| market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt
securities markets or the general economy. |
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future
performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. You should not place
undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations
can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some
of these factors are described in this report under the heading Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in our other SEC filings under the
heading Risk Factors. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and
results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and
uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they
may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or
revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or
otherwise.
23
Table of Contents
Item 3. | Quantitative And Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates,
liquidity, prepayment speeds, and market value while, at the same time, seeking to provide an
opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns through ownership of our
capital stock. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified
from historical experience and seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation
to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we
undertake.
Credit Risk
We expect to be subject to varying degrees of credit risk in connection with our assets.
We expect to have exposure to credit risk on the mortgage assets and underlying mortgage loans in
our non-Agency RMBS and CMBS portfolios as well as certain of our other target assets. Our Manager
will seek to manage credit risk by performing deep credit fundamental analysis of potential assets.
Credit risk will also be addressed through our Managers on-going surveillance, and investments
will be monitored for variance from expected prepayments, defaults, severities, losses, and cash
flow on a monthly basis.
Our investment guidelines do not limit the amount of our equity that may be invested in any
type of our target assets; however, not more than 25% of our equity may be invested in any
individual asset, without the consent of a majority of our independent directors. Our investment
decisions will depend on prevailing market conditions and may change over time in response to
opportunities available in different interest rate, economic and credit environments. As a result,
we cannot predict the percentage of our equity that will be invested in any of our target assets at
any given time.
At September 30, 2009, all of our CMBS investments were rated AAA by two or more rating
agencies.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary
policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other
factors beyond our control. We will be subject to interest rate risk in connection with our assets
and our related financing obligations. In general, we expect to finance the acquisition of our
target assets through financings in the form of borrowings under programs established by the
U.S. Government, warehouse facilities, bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving
facilities), resecuritizations, securitizations, and repurchase agreements. We may mitigate
interest rate risk through utilization of hedging instruments, primarily interest rate swap
agreements. Interest rate swap agreements are intended to serve as a hedge against future interest
rate increases on our borrowings.
At September 30, 2009, all of our CMBS investments were secured by pools of fixed-rate
loans, classified as held-to-maturity investments, and financed with non-recourse fixed-rate debt.
Therefore, a 100 bps increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a measurable impact on
our financial results.
Interest Rate Effect on Net Interest Income
Our operating results depend in large part on differences between the income earned on
our assets and our cost of borrowing and hedging activities. The cost of our borrowings will
generally be based on prevailing market interest rates. During a period of rising interest rates,
our borrowing costs generally will increase (1) while the yields earned on our leveraged fixed-rate
mortgage assets will remain static and (2) at a faster pace than the yields earned on our leveraged
floating rate mortgage assets, which could result in a decline in our net interest spread and net
interest margin. The severity of any such decline would depend on our asset/liability composition
at the time as well as the magnitude and duration of the interest rate increase. Further, an
increase in short-term interest rates could also have a negative impact on the market value of our
target assets. If any of these events happen, we could experience a decrease in net income or
incur a net loss during these periods, which could adversely affect our liquidity and results of
operations.
24
Table of Contents
Hedging techniques are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our target
assets. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the investment will be
longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness of any hedging strategies we may use and
may cause losses on such transactions. Hedging strategies involving the use of derivative
securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns.
Interest Rate Mismatch Risk
We may fund a portion of our acquisition of mortgage loans and MBS with borrowings that
are based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), while the interest rates on these assets
may be indexed to LIBOR or another index rate, such as the one-year Constant Maturity Treasury
(CMT) index, the Monthly Treasury Average (MTA) index, or the 11th District Cost of Funds Index
(COFI). Accordingly, any increase in LIBOR relative to
one-year CMT rates, MTA or COFI will generally result in an increase in our borrowing costs
that may not be matched by a corresponding increase in the interest earnings on these assets. Any
such interest rate index mismatch could adversely affect our profitability, which may negatively
impact distributions to our stockholders. To mitigate interest rate mismatches, we may utilize the
hedging strategies discussed above.
Our analysis of risks is based on our Managers experience, estimates, models, and
assumptions. These analyses rely on models which utilize estimates of fair value and interest rate
sensitivity. Actual economic conditions or implementation of decisions by our management may
produce results that differ significantly from the estimates and assumptions used in our models and
the projected results shown in this report.
Prepayment Risk
Prepayment risk is the risk that principal will be repaid at a different rate than
anticipated, causing the return on an asset to be less than expected. As we receive prepayments of
principal on our assets, premiums paid on such assets will be amortized against interest income.
In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums,
thereby reducing the interest income earned on the assets. Conversely, discounts on such assets
are accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the
accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the assets.
Extension Risk
Our Manager computes the projected weighted average life of our assets based on
assumptions regarding the rate at which the borrowers prepay the mortgages, which may be zero. If
prepayment rates decrease in a rising interest rate environment, the life of the fixed-rate assets
could extend beyond the term of the interest swap agreement or other hedging instrument on our
related borrowings. This could have a negative impact on our results from operations, as borrowing
costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the hedging instrument while the income earned on
the fixed-rate assets would remain fixed. In extreme situations, we may be forced to sell assets
to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause us to incur losses.
Market Risk
Market Value Risk. Available-for-sale securities will be reflected at their estimated
fair value, with the difference between amortized cost and estimated fair value reflected in
accumulated other comprehensive income. The estimated fair value of these securities fluctuates
primarily due to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, in a rising interest rate
environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to decrease;
conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities
would be expected to increase. As market volatility increases or liquidity decreases, the fair
value of our assets may be adversely impacted. If we are unable to readily obtain independent
pricing to validate our estimated fair value of the securities in our portfolio, the fair value
gains or losses recorded in other comprehensive income may be adversely affected.
Real Estate Risk. Commercial and residential mortgage assets are subject to volatility
and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national,
regional, and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and
other factors); local real estate conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry
segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to
building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the
collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay the underlying loans or
loans, as the case may be, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
25
Table of Contents
Inflation Risk
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities will be interest rate sensitive in nature.
As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance significantly more than
inflation does. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or
changes in inflation rates. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and our
distributions will be determined by our board of directors consistent with our obligation to
distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income on an annual basis in order
to maintain our REIT qualification; in each case, our activities and balance sheet are measured
with reference to historical cost and/or fair market value without considering inflation.
Risk Management
To the extent consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification, we seek to manage risk
exposure to protect our portfolio of financial assets against the effects of major interest rate
changes. We generally seek to manage this risk by:
| Attempting to structure our financing agreements to have a range of different
maturities, terms, amortizations and interest rate adjustment periods; |
||
| Using hedging instruments, primarily interest rate swap agreements but also
financial futures, options, interest rate cap agreements, floors and forward sales to
adjust the interest rate sensitivity of our investment portfolio and our borrowings;
and |
||
| Using securitization financing to better match the maturity of our financing with
the duration of our assets. |
Item 4. | Controls And Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and
reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms, and that such information
is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure based on
the definition of disclosure controls and procedures as promulgated under the SEC Act of 1934, as
amended. We, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the
effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September
30, 2009. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded
that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
26
Table of Contents
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
Currently, no legal proceedings are pending, threatened, or to our knowledge, contemplated
against us.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the prospectus
filed pursuant to Rule 424b(1) on August 13, 2009 with the Securities and Exchange Commission in
connection with our initial public offering.
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
On August 11, 2009, the SEC declared effective our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File
No. 333-159754) relating to our initial public offering. The offering date was August 11, 2009. The
initial public offering was underwritten by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated,
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., acting as the representatives of
Barclays Capital Inc., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Calyon Securities (USA) Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald
& Co., Piper Jaffray & Co., and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. We registered 46,575,000 shares of our
common stock, par value $0.01 per share. On August 17, 2009, we sold 46,575,000 shares of common
stock in our initial public offering, which included 6,075,000 shares of common stock covered by an
over-allotment option granted to the underwriters, at a price to the public of $20 per share for an
aggregate offering price of approximately $931.5 million. In connection with the offering, we paid
approximately $27.8 million in underwriting discounts and commissions (excluding deferred
underwriters commissions of $27.2 million) and incurred approximately $2.6 million of other offering
expenses. None of the underwriting discounts and commissions or offering expenses were incurred or
paid, directly or indirectly, to directors or officers of ours or their associates or to persons
owning 10% or more of our common stock or to any affiliates of ours. After deducting the
underwriting discounts and commissions and these other offering expenses, we estimate that the net
proceeds from the offering equaled approximately $901.1million.
In a concurrent private offering, we sold SPT Investment, LLC, which is controlled by Mr.
Sternlicht, our chairman and chief executive officer and is under common control with our Manager,
1,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $20 per share, for aggregate proceeds of $20.0
million. We did not pay any underwriting fees, commissions or discounts with respect to the shares
we sold to SPT Investment, LLC. We relied on the exemption from registration provided by
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act for the sale of the shares to SPT Investment, LLC.
We invested the net proceeds of these offerings in accordance with our investment objectives
and strategies as described in the prospectus comprising a part of the Registration Statement
referenced above. There has been no material change in our planned use of proceeds from our initial
public offering as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b).
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
None.
Item 5. | Other Information |
None.
27
Table of Contents
Item 6. | Exhibits |
(a) | Exhibits: | |||
3.1 | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
|||
3.2 | Bylaws of Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
|||
10.1 | Private Placement Purchase Agreement, dated August 11, 2009, between
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and SPT Investment, LLC |
|||
10.2 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, among Starwood
Property Trust, Inc., SPT Investment, LLC and SPT Management, LLC |
|||
10.3 | Management Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, among SPT Management, LLC and
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
|||
10.4 | Co-Investment and Allocation Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, among
Starwood Property Trust, Inc., SPT Management, LLC and Starwood Capital
Group Global, L.P. |
|||
10.5 | Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Non-Executive Director Stock Plan |
|||
10.6 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Independent Directors |
|||
10.7 | Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Manager Equity Plan |
|||
10.8 | Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, between
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and SPT Management, LLC |
|||
10.9 | Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Equity Plan |
|||
10.10 | Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, between
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Barbara J. Anderson |
|||
10.11 | Underwriting Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2009, among Starwood
Property Trust, Inc., SPT Management, LLC and the underwriters named
therein |
|||
31.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|||
31.2 | Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|||
32.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|||
32.2 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
||||
Date: November 16, 2009 | By: | /s/ Barry S. Sternlicht | ||
Barry S. Sternlicht | ||||
Chief Executive Officer |
28
Table of Contents
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit No. | Description | |||
3.1 | Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
|||
3.2 | Bylaws of Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
|||
10.1 | Private Placement Purchase Agreement, dated August 11, 2009, between
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and SPT Investment, LLC |
|||
10.2 | Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, among Starwood
Property Trust, Inc., SPT Investment, LLC and SPT Management, LLC |
|||
10.3 | Management Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, among SPT Management, LLC and
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. |
|||
10.4 | Co-Investment and Allocation Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, among
Starwood Property Trust, Inc., SPT Management, LLC and Starwood Capital
Group Global, L.P. |
|||
10.5 | Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Non-Executive Director Stock Plan |
|||
10.6 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Independent Directors |
|||
10.7 | Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Manager Equity Plan |
|||
10.8 | Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, between
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and SPT Management, LLC |
|||
10.9 | Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Equity Plan |
|||
10.10 | Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, dated August 17, 2009, between
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Barbara J. Anderson |
|||
10.11 | Underwriting Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2009, among Starwood
Property Trust, Inc., SPT Management, LLC and the underwriters named
therein |
|||
31.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|||
31.2 | Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|||
32.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
|||
32.2 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
29