Sunshine Biopharma, Inc - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from ________________ to________________________.

Commission File Number 001-41282

SUNSHINE BIOPHARMA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

6500 Trans-Canada Highway

4th Floor

Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada H9R 0A5

 (Address of principal executive offices)

(514) 426-6161

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:   None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐   No ☒

State the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter on June 30, 2021 was $62,197,730.

As of March 16, 2022, the Registrant had 7,129,778 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE - None

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. The statements regarding Sunshine Biopharma Inc. contained in this Report that are not historical in nature, particularly those that utilize terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “likely,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “believes” or “plans,” or comparable terminology, are forward-looking statements based on current expectations and assumptions, and entail various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements.

Important factors known to us that could cause such material differences are identified in this Report. We undertake no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable law. You are advised, however, to consult any future disclosures we make on related subjects in future reports to the SEC.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

History and Overview

We are a pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement company focusing on the research and development of proprietary drugs including our anti-cancer compound Adva-27a, and anti-coronavirus lead compound, SBFM-PL4.

We also, through our wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), develop science-based nutritional supplements, and currently sell one nutritional supplement product.

We were incorporated in the State of Colorado on August 31, 2006 under the name “Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc.” Until October 2009, our business was to provide management consulting services to small and home-office based companies.

Effective October 15, 2009, we acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. was holding an exclusive license to a new anticancer drug bearing the laboratory name, Adva-27a (the “License Agreement”). Upon completion of the reverse acquisition transaction, we changed our name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of the licensed Adva-27a anticancer drug.

In October 2012, we published the results of initial preclinical studies of Adva-27a in the peer-reviewed journal, ANTICANCER RESEARCH. The studies were conducted in collaboration with Binghamton University, a State University of New York, and Ecole Polytechnique, Universite de Montreal. The publication is entitled “Adva-27a, a Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivative Found to Be Effective Against Multidrug Resistant Human Cancer Cells” [ANTICANCER RESEARCH Volume 32, Pages 4423-4432 (2012)].

In July 2014, we formed a wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”) for the purposes of offering generic pharmaceutical products in Canada and elsewhere around the world. In the first quarter of 2021, Sunshine Canada transitioned its focus to the development and marketing of Science-Based Nutritional Supplements.

In December 2015, we acquired all worldwide issued (US Patent Number 8,236,935, and 10,272,065) and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from Advanomics Corporation (now known as TRT Pharma Inc.), a related party, and terminated the License Agreement. We are continuing development of the Adva-27a anticancer drug covered by these patents.

In December 2018, the Company launched its first Science-Based Nutritional Supplements product, Essential 9^™, an over-the-counter tablet comprised of the nine (9) essential amino acids that the human body cannot make. Essential 9^™ has been authorized for marketing by Health Canada under NPN 80089663.

Effective April 6, 2020, we completed another 20 to 1 reverse split of our Common Stock, reducing the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock from 1,193,501,925 to 59,675,417 (the “Second Reverse Stock Split”). The number of Common Shares authorized for issuance remained as previously established at 3,000,000,000 shares.

On May 22, 2020, we filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. Our patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, we filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.

Effective October 6, 2020, we entered into a Research Agreement with the University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. (“UGARF”), representing the University of Georgia (“UGA”). The purpose of the agreement is to memorialize the terms of our working together with UGA to conduct the necessary research and development to advance the Company’s Anti-Coronavirus lead compound, SBFM-PL4 (or derivatives thereof) through various stages of preclinical development. The agreement grants us an exclusive worldwide license for all of the intellectual property developed during the term of the agreement, whether developed by UGA alone or jointly with us.

On January 26, 2021, we received a Notice of Allowances from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office for a new patent application covering Adva-27a. The newly issued patent contains new subject matter and extends the proprietary protection of Adva-27a in Canada until 2034.

On February 4, 2021, we entered into an additional research agreement and an exclusive license agreement with the University of Georgia (“UGA”) for two Anti-Coronavirus compounds which UGA had previously developed and patented. This second research agreement provides for UGA to conduct mice studies on the two UGA compounds licensed to us. In December 2021, we were informed by the University of Georgia that preliminary results of the mice study taking place indicated these two compounds have no significant effect on mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. As a result, we no longer plan to pursue the UGA License or further development of these two compounds.

On March 9, 2021, we received a Notice of Allowance from the European Patent Office for a new patent application covering Adva-27a. The newly issued patent contains new subject matter and extends the proprietary protection of Adva-27a in Europe until 2034. The equivalent patent in the United States was issued in 2019 (US Patent Number 10,272,065).

On October 1, 2021, we filed a patent application for a potential new treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. The patent application contains experimental results showing that certain mRNA molecules provide protective effects against oxidative stress in differentiated neuronal cells, a process that mimics neuronal degeneration. This new patent application has a priority date of October 1, 2021.

 On February 18, 2022 we entered into a research agreement with the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona (the “University of Arizona”). Pursuant to the research agreement, the University of Arizona agreed to use reasonable efforts to perform a research project focused on determining the in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and dose selection properties of three University of Arizona owned PLpro inhibitors, followed by efficacy testing in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, in consideration for certain milestone payments to be made by the Company. Under the agreement, the University of Arizona granted the Company a first option to negotiate for a commercial, royalty-bearing license for all intellectual property invented or authored by University of Arizona personnel under the research project.

Proprietary Drug Development Operations

SBFM-PL4 Anti-Coronavirus Treatment

Viruses carry minimal genetic information as they rely, for the most part, on host cellular machinery to multiply. Coronavirus has a positive-sense RNA genome consisting of approximately 30,000 nucleotides, a genome size that places it among the larger sized viruses. A positive-sense RNA genome is effectively a messenger RNA which allows the virus to express its genes immediately upon gaining entry into the host cell without the need for any prior replication or transcription steps as is the case with negative-sense RNA or DNA viruses. This is part of what makes Coronavirus a highly aggressive pathogen. Many of the causative agents of serious human diseases are positive-sense RNA viruses, including Hepatitis C, Zeka, Polio, West Nile, Dengue, Cardiovirus, and many others. Some positive-sense RNA viruses, such as the rhinoviruses that cause the common cold, are less clinically serious but they are responsible for widespread morbidity on a yearly basis.

The initial genome expression products of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Covid-19, are two large polyproteins, referred to as pp1a and pp1ab. These two polyproteins are cleaved at 15 specific sites by two virus encoded proteases (Mpro and PLpro) to generate 16 different non-structural proteins essential for viral replication. Mpro and PLpro represent attractive anti-viral drug development targets as they play a central role in the early stages of viral replication. The crystal structure of Mpro shows the presence of an active site Cysteine (Cys145) and a coordinated active site Histidine (His41), both of which are essential for the enzyme’s proteolytic activity. Similarly, PLpro, also a Cysteine Protease, has an active site Cysteine at position 112 and a Histidine at 273. The following is a summary of the development to date of our Coronavirus Treatment project:

Adva-27a Anticancer Drug

Since inception, our proprietary drug development activities have focused on the development of a small molecule called Adva-27a for the treatment of aggressive forms of cancer. A Topoisomerase II inhibitor, Adva-27a has been shown to be effective at destroying Multidrug Resistant Cancer cells including Pancreatic Cancer cells, Breast Cancer cells, Small-Cell Lung Cancer cells and Uterine Sarcoma cells (Published in ANTICANCER RESEARCH, Volume 32, Pages 4423-4432, October 2012). Sunshine Biopharma is direct owner of all issued and pending worldwide patents pertaining to Adva-27a including U.S. Patents Number 8,236,935 and 10,272,065.

Figure 1

Adva-27a is a GEM-difluorinated C-glycoside derivative of Podophyllotoxin (see Figure 1). Another derivative of Podophyllotoxin called Etoposide is currently on the market and is used to treat various types of cancer including leukemia, lymphoma, testicular cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer and several other forms of cancer. Etoposide is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs. Adva-27a and Etoposide are similar in that they both attack the same target in cancer cells, namely the DNA unwinding enzyme, Topoisomerase II. Unlike Etoposide however, Adva-27a is able to penetrate and destroy Multidrug Resistant Cancer cells. Adva-27a is the only compound known today that is capable of destroying Multidrug Resistant Cancer. In addition, Adva-27a has been shown to have distinct and more desirable biological and pharmacological properties compared to Etoposide. In side-by-side studies using Multidrug Resistant Breast Cancer cells and Etoposide as a reference, Adva-27a showed markedly greater cell killing activity (see Figure 2).

Figure 2

Our preclinical studies to date have shown that:

These and other preclinical data have been published in ANTICANCER RESEARCH, a peer-reviewed International Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment. The publication which is entitled “Adva-27a, a Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivative Found to Be Effective Against Multidrug Resistant Human Cancer Cells” [ANTICANCER RESEARCH 32: 4423-4432 (2012)] is available on our website at www.sunshinebiopharma.com. Information on our website is not part of this report.

We have been delayed in our clinical development program due to lack of funding. Our fund raising efforts are continuing and as soon as adequate financing is in place we will continue our clinical development program of Adva-27a by conducting the following next sequence of steps:

Adva-27a’s initial indication will be pancreatic cancer for which there are currently little or no treatment options available. We are planning to conduct our clinical trials at McGill University’s Jewish General Hospital in Montreal, Canada. All aspects of the clinical trials in Canada will employ FDA standards at all levels.

According to the American Cancer Society, nearly 1.5 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. While particularly effective against Multidrug Resistant Cancer, we believe Adva-27a can potentially treat all cancer types, particularly those in which Topoisomerase II has been amplified. We believe that upon successful completion of Phase I Clinical Trials we may receive one or more offers from large pharmaceutical companies to purchase or license our drug. However, there are no assurances that our Phase I Trials will be successful, or if successful, that any pharmaceutical companies will make an acceptable offer to us. In the event we do not consummate such a transaction, we will require significant capital in order to manufacture and market our new drug on our own. The following, Figure 3, is a space-filling molecular model of our Adva-27a.

Figure 3

Nutritional Supplements Operations

Sunshine Canada has recently terminated its generic pharmaceuticals operations and shifted its focus to the development and marketing of science-based nutritional supplements. In December 2018, we completed the development of Essential 9^™. On December 14, 2018, Health Canada issued NPN 80089663 through which it authorized us to manufacture and sell the Essential 9™ product. Our Essential 9™ nutritional supplement tablets contain a balanced formula of the 9 Essential Amino Acids that the human body cannot make. Essential Amino Acids are 9 out of the 20 amino acids required for protein synthesis. Proteins are involved in all body functions – From the musculature and immune system to hormones and neurotransmitters. Like vitamins, Essential Amino Acids cannot be made by the human body and must be obtained through diet. Deficiency in one or more of the 9 Essential Amino Acids can lead to loss of muscle mass, fatigue, weight gain and reduced ability to build muscle mass in athletes. Our Essential 9™ provides all 9 Essential Amino Acids in freeform and in the proportions recommended by Health Canada. Essential 9™ is currently available on Amazon.com and Amazon.ca. Figure 4 below shows our 60-Tablet Essential 9™ product.

Figure 4

In November 2019, we received Health Canada approval for another nutritional supplement, a new Calcium-Vitamin D tablets. Health Canada issued NPN 80093432 through which it authorized us to manufacture and sell the new Calcium-Vitamin D supplement under the brand name Essential Calcium-Vitamin D™.

Vitamin D is a group of steroid-like molecules responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. They are also involved in multiple other biological functions, including proper functioning of the immune system, promoting healthy growth of bone, and reduction of inflammation. The most important compounds in this group are Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Sunshine Biopharma’s Essential Calcium-Vitamin D™ tablets contain both of these compounds as well as calcium for optimum health benefits. We are considering potentially launching this product in 2022.

We are also developing additional nutritional supplement products. We may launch additional nutritional supplement products within approximately 1-2 years.

Manufacturing

Our Essential 9™ nutritional supplement is manufactured under contract by Inov Pharma Inc., an independent third party based in Montreal (Canada). Inov Pharma Inc. operates a GMP certified manufacturing facility and all of our nutritional supplements products are manufactured under such conditions.

We currently do not have any pharmaceutical products on the market. Research quantities of our drug candidates are currently manufactured at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA (Anti-Coronavirus compounds) and WuXi App Tech (Adva-27a compound) in China.

Marketing and Sales

Our Essential 9™ nutritional supplement is currently sold through Amazon only. Company personnel and outside consultants develop and place ads on Google, YouTube and Amazon, and the same team manages the Company’s account with Amazon.

While particularly effective against Multidrug Resistant Cancer, we believe Adva-27a can potentially treat all cancer types, particularly those in which Topoisomerase II has been amplified. Similarly, we believe there is potentially a large market for our Anti-Coronavirus treatment currently under development at the University of Georgia. We believe that upon successful completion of Phase I Clinical Trials, we may receive one or more offers from large pharmaceutical companies to purchase or license these drugs. However, there are no assurances that our Phase I Trials will be successful, or if successful, that any pharmaceutical companies will make an acceptable offer to us. If we do not consummate such a transaction, and we receive required regulatory approvals, we will require significant capital in order to manufacture and market our new drugs on our own.

Intellectual Property

We are the exclusive owner of all worldwide rights pertaining to Adva-27a covered by PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029. The patent applications filed under PCT/FR2007/000697 have been issued in the United States (US Patent Number 8,236,935), Europe, and Canada. The patent applications filed under PCT/CA2014/000029 have recently been issued in the United States (US Patent Number 10,272,065), and allowed in Europe, and Canada.

In 2018 we completed the development of Essential 9™, our first nutritional supplement. On December 14, 2018, Health Canada issued NPN 80089663 through which it authorized Sunshine Biopharma Inc. to manufacture and sell the Essential 9™ product. We are currently preparing the necessary documents for registration of our Essential 9™ trademark in the United States.

In November 2019, we received Health Canada approval for another nutritional supplement, a new Calcium-Vitamin D tablets. Health Canada issued NPN 80093432 through which it authorized us to manufacture and sell the new Calcium-Vitamin D supplement under the brand name Essential Calcium-Vitamin D^™.

On May 22, 2020, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. The Company’s patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, the Company filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.

On October 1, 2021, we filed a patent application for a potential new treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. The patent application contains experimental results showing that certain mRNA molecules provide protective effects against oxidative stress in differentiated neuronal cells, a process that mimics neuronal degeneration. This new patent application has a priority date of October 1, 2021.

Government Regulations

All of our business operations, including our proprietary drug development operations, and nutritional supplements operations are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations.

In the United States, the Federal Government agency responsible for regulating drugs and nutritional supplements is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”). The Canadian counterpart to the FDA is Health Canada. Though the FDA and Health Canada have generally similar requirements for drugs and nutritional supplements to be approved or allowed to be marketed, approval in one jurisdiction does not automatically result in approval in the other. In Canada, drugs and nutritional supplements are authorized through the issuance by Health Canada of a Drug Identification Number (DIN) for pharmaceutical products and a Natural Product Number (NPN) for nutritional supplements. In the United States, the marketing of nutritional supplements does not require prior approval from the FDA. In both the U.S. and Canada, the ingredients, manufacturing processes and facilities for all drugs and supplements must meet the guidelines for Good Manufacturing Practices (“GMP”). Moreover, all drug manufacturers must perform a series of tests, both during and after production, to show that every drug or supplement batch made meets the regulatory requirements for that product.

In connection with nutritional supplements, the FDA regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution and sale of such products, while the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) regulates marketing and advertising claims. In August 2007, a rule issued by the FDA went into effect requiring companies that manufacture, package, label, distribute or hold nutritional supplements to meet certain GMP requirements to ensure such products are of the quality specified and are properly packaged and labeled. We are committed to meeting or exceeding the standards set by the FDA and the FTC and we believe we are currently operating within both the FDA and FTC mandates.

In the area of drug development where our Anti-Coronavirus and Anti-Cancer compounds fall, we will be subject to significant regulations in the U.S. in order to obtain approval of the FDA to offer our products for sale. The approximate procedure for obtaining FDA approval involves an initial filing of an IND application following which the FDA would review and allow for the drug developer to proceed with Phase I clinical trials. Following completion of Phase I, the results are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase II. Similarly, following completion of Phase II the data are filed with the FDA and a request is made to proceed to Phase III. Following completion of Phase III, a new drug application, or NDA is submitted and a request is made for marketing approval. Depending on various issues and considerations, the FDA could provide “emergency use authorization” or limited approval for “compassionate-use” if the drug treats terminally ill patients with limited other treatment options available. As of the date of the filing of this report, we have not made any filings with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions. We anticipate filing an initial IND application for an anti-Covid-19 compound within approximately one year and filing an initial IND for our anti-cancer compound within approximately two years. We have however had discussions with clinicians and as a result we believe that the FDA and Health Canada are likely to grant us a so-called “fast-track” process on the basis of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and the terminal nature of the cancer type we are planning to treat. There are no assurances this will occur.

Employees

As of the date of this report, we have three employees, comprised of our management team. Presently, most of our development and marketing activities are subcontracted out to specialized service providers. As our business activities expand, we anticipate that we will need additional employees in the areas of accounting, regulatory affairs, marketing, sales and laboratory personnel.

Competition  

Our Anti-Coronavirus drug development project is in direct competition with over 34 companies in the U.S. and abroad that are developing or that have developed vaccine or treatment options for Covid-19. Among the companies that have or are developing vaccines are Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Johnson & Johnson. The companies focused on treatments include Pfizer, Merck, Gilead, Eli Lilly, and Regeneron. To date, three vaccines (Pfizer’s, Moderna’s, and Johnson & Johnson’s) and two (2) antibody treatments (Regeneron’s, and Eli Lilly’s) have been approved by the FDA for emergency use, and Pfizer’s vaccine has received full FDA approval. Gilead’s Remdesivir, an antiviral injectable, was approved by the FDA for treatment of Covid-19 in October 2020. In addition, in December 2021, Pfizer received Emergency Use Authorization (“EUA”), for its antiviral pill, Paxlovid, and, in the same month, the FDA granted Merck EUA for its antiviral pill, Molnupiravir. While the approved vaccines, pills and injectable treatments are effective, we believe that additional treatment options such as the one we are developing could potentially form an important component of the range of anti-coronavirus tools available to attending physicians.

In the area of anticancer drug development, we compete with large publicly and privately held companies engaged in developing new cancer therapies. There are numerous other entities engaged in oncology therapeutics development that have greater resources, both financial and otherwise, than the resources presently available to us.  Nearly all major pharmaceutical companies including Merck, Amgen, Roche, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Novartis, to name a few, have on-going anticancer drug development programs and some of the drugs they may develop could be in direct competition with our own. In addition, a number of smaller companies are working in the area of cancer therapy and could develop drugs that may be in competition with ours.

Similarly, our Essential 9™ and Essential Calcium-Vitamin D™ fall directly within a very crowded and highly competitive product sector. As of the date of the filing of this report, we believe Essential 9™ is the only Essential Amino Acid product that comprises all 9 essential amino acids in tablet form. We believe this may provide us with a competitive advantage, at least for the near future but there are no assurances that this will occur.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investing in our securities includes a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should consider carefully the specific factors discussed below, together with all of the other information contained in this report. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected by these risks. 

Risks Related to Our Business

We have incurred losses and may never achieve profitability.

We have an accumulated deficit of $32,655,174 as of December 31, 2021. We incurred a net loss of $12,436,447 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and a net loss of $2,784,091 for the year ended December 31, 2020. We may never generate significant revenues or achieve profitability.

We may not receive required regulatory approval for any of our pharmaceutical product candidates.

We have not received approval for any of our proprietary drug development operations product candidates from the FDA. Any compounds that we discover or in-license will require extensive and costly development, preclinical testing and/or clinical trials prior to seeking regulatory approval for commercial sales. Our most advanced product candidate, Adva-27a, and our potential Covid-19 treatments in development, may never be approved for commercial sale. We have not made any filings to date with the FDA or other regulatory bodies in other jurisdictions. The time required to attain product sales and profitability is lengthy and highly uncertain.

As a result, we expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with our research and product development efforts, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if ever. If we fail to obtain required regulatory approvals for our pharmaceutical product candidates, we may be unable to generate significant revenues and our business will be materially harmed.

As we have no approved pharmaceutical products on the market, we do not expect to generate significant revenues from pharmaceutical product sales in the foreseeable future, if at all.

To date, we have no approved pharmaceutical products on the market and have generated limited product revenues, solely from our nutritional supplement operations. We have funded our operations primarily from sales of our securities. We have not received, and do not expect to receive for at least the next one to two years, if at all, any revenues from the commercialization of our pharmaceutical product candidates. To obtain revenues from sales of our pharmaceutical product candidates, we must succeed, either alone or with third parties, in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for, manufacturing, marketing and distributing drugs with commercial potential. We may never succeed in these activities, and we may not generate sufficient revenues to continue our business operations or achieve profitability.

We will require additional funding to satisfy our future capital needs, which may not be available.

We may require significant additional funding in large part due to our research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical testing costs, and the absence of significant revenues in the near future. We do not know whether additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms or at all. If we cannot raise additional funds, we may be required to reduce our capital expenditures, scale back product development programs, reduce our workforce and license to others products or technologies that we may otherwise be able to commercialize. We are currently unable to project when or whether our operations will generate positive cash flows from operations.

Any additional equity securities we issue or issuances of debt we may enter into or undertake may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing holders of common stock. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

The FDA may change its approval policies or requirements, or apply interpretations to its policies or requirements, in a manner that could delay or prevent commercialization of Adva-27a or our potential Covid-19 treatment in development.

Regulatory requirements may change in a manner that requires us to conduct additional clinical trials, which may delay or prevent commercialization of our Adva-27a and potential Covid-19 treatment in development. We cannot provide any assurance that the FDA will not require us to repeat existing studies or conduct new or unforeseen experiments in order to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of any product candidate before considering the approval of such product candidate.

The product candidate we are developing for the treatment of Covid-19 may not be granted an emergency use authorization by the FDA. If we do not receive such authorization, or if, once granted, it is terminated, we will be required to pursue the drug approval process, which is lengthy and expensive.

Subject to completing and receiving favorable results for clinical trials, we intend to seek emergency use authorization, or EUA, for a potential Covid-19 treatment, which would allow us to market and sell such product candidate without the need to pursue the lengthy and expensive drug approval process. The FDA may issue an EUA during a public health emergency if it determines that the potential benefits of a product outweigh the potential risks and if other regulatory criteria are met. In addition, the FDA may revoke an EUA where it is determined that the underlying health emergency no longer exists or warrants such authorization. We may not receive EUA for any Covid-19 treatment product candidate. In addition, even if do we receive EUA for any product candidate, we cannot predict how long such EUA will remain in place. If we fail to receive an EUA for any Covid-19 product candidate, or such EUA is granted but subsequently terminated, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business would be materially harmed if we fail to obtain FDA approval for our pharmaceutical product candidates.

We anticipate that our ability to generate significant product revenues from our drug development business will depend on the successful development and commercialization of Adva-27a or our potential Covid-19 treatment in development. The FDA may not approve in a timely manner, or at all, any of our drug candidates. If we are unable to submit a new drug application, or NDA for our product candidates, we will be unable to commercialize such products and our business will be materially harmed. The FDA can and does reject NDAs, and often requires additional clinical trials, even when product candidates performed well or achieved favorable results in large-scale Phase III clinical trials. The FDA imposes substantial requirements on the introduction of pharmaceutical products through lengthy and detailed laboratory and clinical testing procedures, sampling activities and other costly and time-consuming procedures. Satisfaction of these requirements typically takes several years and may vary substantially based upon the type and complexity of the pharmaceutical product. Our product candidates are novel compounds or new chemical entities, which may further increase the time required for satisfactory testing procedures.

Data obtained from preclinical and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations, which could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. In addition, delays or rejections may be encountered based on changes in, or additions to, regulatory policies for drug approval during product development and regulatory review. Government regulation may delay or prevent the commencement of clinical trials or marketing of our product candidates, impose costly procedures upon our activities and provide an advantage to our competitors with greater financial resources or more experience in regulatory affairs. The FDA may not approve our product candidates for clinical trials or marketing on a timely basis or at all. Delayed or failed approvals would adversely affect the marketing of our product candidates and our liquidity and capital resources.

Drug products and their manufacturers are subject to continual regulatory review after the product receives FDA approval. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product or manufacturer may result in additional clinical testing requirements or restrictions on such product or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the product from the market. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can, among other things, result in fines, injunctions and civil penalties, suspensions or withdrawals of regulatory approvals, product recalls, operating restrictions or shutdown and criminal prosecution. We may lack sufficient resources and expertise to address these and other regulatory issues as they arise.

We may be sued or become a party to litigation, which could require significant management time and attention and result in significant legal expenses and may result in an unfavorable outcome which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may be forced to incur costs and expenses in connection with defending ourselves with respect to litigation and the payment of any settlement or judgment in connection therewith if there is an unfavorable outcome. The expense of defending litigation may be significant. The amount of time to resolve lawsuits is unpredictable and defending ourselves may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.  In addition, an unfavorable outcome in any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified scientific, technical and key management personnel, or if our key executive, Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, discontinues his employment with us, it may delay our research and development efforts.

We rely on the services of Dr. Slilaty for strategic and operational management, as well as for scientific and/or medical expertise in the development of our products. The loss of Dr. Slilaty would result in a significant negative impact on our ability to implement our business plan. We have not entered into an employment agreement with any member of our management, including Dr. Slilaty. The loss of Dr. Slilaty will also significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks and we may be unable to acquire and maintain sufficient insurance to provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities.

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the testing, manufacturing and marketing of pharmaceutical products and nutritional supplements. The use of our product candidates in clinical trials also exposes us to the possibility of product liability claims and possible adverse publicity. These risks will increase to the extent our pharmaceutical product candidates receive regulatory approval and are commercialized. We do not currently have any product liability insurance, although we plan to obtain product liability insurance in connection with our nutritional supplement products and future clinical trials of our pharmaceutical product candidates. We intend to obtain product liability insurance for our nutritional supplements business in the near future. However, our product liability insurance, once obtained, may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities. On occasion, juries have awarded large judgments in class action lawsuits based on drugs that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product liability claim or series of claims brought against us would decrease our cash reserves and could cause our stock price to fall significantly.

We face regulation and risks related to hazardous materials and environmental laws, violations of which may subject us to claims for damages or fines that could materially affect our business, cash flows, financial condition and results of operations.

Our research and development activities involve the use of controlled and/or hazardous materials and chemicals. The risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials cannot be completely eliminated. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages or fines that result, and the liability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are also subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the use, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and waste products. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations or with the conditions attached to our operating licenses, the licenses could be revoked, and we could be subjected to criminal sanctions and substantial liability or be required to suspend or modify our operations. In addition, we may have to incur significant costs to comply with future environmental laws and regulations. We do not currently have a pollution and remediation insurance policy.

Third party manufacturers may not be able to manufacture our pharmaceutical product candidates, which would prevent us from commercializing our product candidates.

If any of our pharmaceutical product candidates is approved by the FDA or other regulatory agencies for commercial sale, we will need third parties to manufacture the product in larger quantities. If we are able to reach an agreement with any collaborator or third party manufacturer in the future, of which there can be no assurance due to factors beyond our control, these collaborators and/or third party manufacturers may not be able to increase their manufacturing capacity for any of our product candidates in a timely or economic manner, or at all. Significant scale-up of manufacturing may require additional validation studies, which the FDA must review and approve. If we are unable to increase the manufacturing capacity for a product candidate successfully, the regulatory approval or commercial launch of that product candidate may be delayed or there may be a shortage in the supply of the product candidate. Our product candidates require precise, high-quality manufacturing. The failure of collaborators or third party manufacturers to achieve and maintain these high manufacturing standards, including the incidence of manufacturing errors, could result in patient injury or death, product recalls or withdrawals, delays or failures in product testing or delivery, cost overruns or other problems that could seriously harm our business.

If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities for our pharmaceutical product candidates or enter into agreements with third parties to sell and market any such products we may develop, we may be unable to generate revenues from our pharmaceutical business.

We do not currently have product sales and marketing capabilities for our pharmaceutical operations. If we receive regulatory approval to commence commercial sales of any of our pharmaceutical product candidates, we will have to establish a sales and marketing organization with appropriate technical expertise and distribution capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services in other jurisdictions. If we receive approval in applicable jurisdictions to commercialize Adva-27a for the treatment of breast cancer indication, we intend to engage additional pharmaceutical or health care companies with existing distribution systems and direct sales organizations to assist us in North America and throughout the world. We may not be able to negotiate favorable distribution partnering arrangements, if at all. To the extent we enter into co-promotion or other licensing arrangements, any revenues we receive will depend on the efforts of third parties and will not be under our control. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, our ability to generate product revenues, and become profitable, would be severely limited.

Even if we obtain required US and foreign regulatory approvals, as applicable, factors that may inhibit our efforts to commercialize our pharmaceutical product candidates without strategic partners or licensees include:

Even if we successfully develop and obtain approval for our proprietary drug product candidates, our business will not be profitable if such products do not achieve and maintain market acceptance.

Even if our proprietary drug product candidates are approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of our approved product candidates by physicians, healthcare professionals, patients and third-party payors, and our resulting profitability and growth, will depend on a number of factors, including:

If our proprietary drug product candidates achieve market acceptance, we may not maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or technologies are introduced that are received more favorably or are more cost effective. Complications may also arise, such as development of new know-how or new medical or therapeutic capabilities by other parties that render our product obsolete.

Because the results of preclinical studies for our preclinical product candidates are not necessarily predictive of future results, our pharmaceutical product candidates may not have favorable results in later clinical trials or ultimately receive regulatory approval.

Our proprietary drug product candidates have not been tested in clinical trials. Positive results from preclinical studies are no assurance that later clinical trials will succeed. Preclinical studies are not designed to establish the clinical efficacy of our preclinical product candidates. We will be required to demonstrate through clinical trials that our product candidates are safe and effective for use before we can seek regulatory approvals for commercial sale. There is typically an extremely high rate of failure as product candidates proceed through clinical trials. If our product candidates fail to demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy in any clinical trial, we would experience potentially significant delays in, or be required to abandon, development of that product candidate. This would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and may damage our reputation in the industry and in the investment community.

The future clinical testing of our proprietary drug product candidates could be delayed, resulting in increased costs to us and a delay in our ability to generate revenues.

Our proprietary drug product candidates will require additional preclinical testing and extensive clinical trials prior to submitting a regulatory application for commercial sales. We do not know whether clinical trials will begin on time, if at all. Delays in the commencement of clinical testing could significantly increase our product development costs and delay product commercialization. In addition, many of the factors that may cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to denial of regulatory approval of a product candidate. Each of these results would adversely affect our ability to generate revenues.

The commencement of clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in:

In addition, the commencement of clinical trials may be delayed due to insufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the availability of effective treatments for the relevant disease, and the eligibility criteria for the clinical trial. If we are unable to enroll a sufficient number of evaluable patients, the clinical trials for our product candidates could be delayed until sufficient numbers are achieved.

We face or will face significant competition from other biotechnology, pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement companies, and our operating results will suffer if we fail to compete effectively.

Most of our pharmaceutical company competitors, such as Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Amgen, and others, are large pharmaceutical companies with substantially greater financial, technical and human resources than we have. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. The drugs that we are attempting to develop will compete with existing therapies if we receive marketing approval. Because of their significant resources, our competitors may be able to use discovery technologies and techniques, or partnerships with collaborators, to develop competing products that are more effective or less costly than the product candidate we are developing. This may render our technology or product candidate obsolete and noncompetitive. Academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private research organizations may seek patent protection with respect to potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.

Our competitors may succeed in obtaining FDA or other regulatory approvals for product candidates more rapidly than us. Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before we do may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to market certain products. Any approved drugs resulting from our research and development efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative partners, might not be able to compete successfully with our competitors' existing or future products.

We also face competition in our nutritional supplements business. The business of marketing nutritional supplements is highly competitive. This market segment includes numerous manufacturers, marketers, and retailers that actively compete for the business of consumers both in the United States and abroad. The market is highly sensitive to the introduction of new products, which may rapidly capture a significant share of the market. Sales of similar products by competitors may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The market for our potential Covid-19 treatment in development could be adversely affected if the Covid-19 disease outbreak subsides.

Disease outbreaks are unpredictable. In the event that the Covid-19 outbreak subsides, or Covid-19 is substantially eradicated, there may be reduced demand or need for our potential Covid-19 treatment in development, which may have a negative effect on the market for such treatment, even if it is approved.

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted worldwide economic conditions and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and business. 

While we have been able to continue to operate, the global Covid-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in supply chains, affecting production and sales across a range of industries. While the disruptions are currently expected to be temporary, there is considerable uncertainty around the duration and the impact of these disruptions.

The extent of the impact of Covid-19 on our operational and financial performance will depend on the on-going and future impact on our customers, vendors, service providers, and availability of labor as well as the potential impact of future expanded local, state, or federal restrictions – all of which are uncertain and are difficult to predict. 

Because our proprietary drug product candidates and our development and collaboration efforts depend on our intellectual property rights, adverse events affecting our intellectual property rights will harm our ability to commercialize products.

Our success will depend to a large degree on our own and our licensors’ ability to obtain and defend patents for each party's respective technologies and the compounds and other products, if any, resulting from the application of such technologies. The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and technical questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that will be allowed or maintained, after challenge, in our or other companies' patents.

The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain, and we cannot ensure that:

If we cannot maintain the confidentiality of our technology and other confidential information in connection with our collaborations, then our ability to receive patent protection or protect our proprietary information will be impaired. In addition, some of the technology we have developed or licensed relies on inventions developed using U.S. and other governments’ resources. Under applicable law, the U.S. government has the right to require us to grant a nonexclusive, partially exclusive or exclusive license for such technology to a responsible applicant or applicants, upon terms that are reasonable under the circumstances, if the government determines that such action is necessary.

Confidentiality agreements with employees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information and may not adequately protect our intellectual property.

We rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, particularly when we do not believe patent protection is appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees, consultants, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information nor result in the effective assignment to us of intellectual property, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information or other breaches of the agreements. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and proprietary information, and in such case we could not assert any trade secret rights against such party. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally obtained and is using our trade secrets is difficult, expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, courts outside the United States may be less willing to protect trade secrets. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to seek to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position.

The implementation of our business plan may result in a period of rapid growth that will impose a significant burden on our current administrative and operational resources.

Our ability to effectively manage our growth will require us to substantially expand the capabilities of our administrative and operational resources by attracting, training, managing and retaining additional qualified personnel, including additional members of management, technicians and others. To successfully develop our products we will need to manage operating, producing, marketing and selling our products. There can be no assurances that we will be able to do so. Our failure to successfully manage our growth will have a negative impact on our anticipated results of operations.

A significant or prolonged economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

A significant or prolonged economic downturn may adversely affect the disposable income of many consumers and may lower demand for our nutritional supplement products. Any decline in economic conditions in could negatively impact our business. A significant decline in consumer demand, even if only due in part to general economic conditions, could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profit margins.

The failure of our service providers and suppliers to supply quality services and materials in sufficient quantities, at a favorable price, and in a timely fashion could adversely affect the results of our operations.

Our outside manufacturer buys raw materials for our nutritional supplements business from a limited number of suppliers. The loss of any of our major suppliers or of any supplier who, through our contract manufacturer, provides us materials that are hard to obtain elsewhere at the same quality could adversely affect our business operations. Although we believe we could establish alternate manufacturers and sources for most of our raw materials, any delay in locating and establishing relationships with other sources could result in shortages of products we manufacture from such raw materials, with a resulting loss of sales and customers. In certain situations we may need to alter our products or with our customer’s consent to substitute different materials from alternative sources.

A shortage of raw materials or an unexpected interruption of supply could also result in higher prices for those materials. We have experienced increases in various raw material costs, transportation costs and the cost of petroleum-based raw materials and packaging supplies used in our business. Increasing cost pricing pressures on raw materials and other products have continued throughout fiscal 2020 as a result of limited supplies of various ingredients, the effects of higher labor and transportation costs, and impact of Covid-19. We expect these upward pressures to continue through fiscal 2021. Although we may be able to raise our prices in response to significant increases in the cost of raw materials, we may not be able to raise prices sufficiently or quickly enough to offset the negative effects such cost increases could have on our results of operations or financial condition.

There can be no assurance suppliers will provide the quality raw materials we need in the quantities requested or at a price we are willing to pay. Because we do not control the actual production of these raw materials, we are also subject to delays caused by interruption in production of materials including but not limited to those resulting from conditions outside of our control, such as pandemics, weather, transportation interruptions, strikes, terrorism, natural disasters, and other catastrophic events.

Our nutritional supplements business is subject to the effects of adverse publicity, which could negatively affect our sales and revenues.

Our business can be affected by adverse publicity or negative public perception about us, our competitors, our products, or our industry or competitors generally. Adverse publicity may include publicity about the nutritional supplements industry generally, the efficacy, safety and quality of nutritional supplements and other health care products or ingredients in general or our products or ingredients specifically, and regulatory investigations, regardless of whether these investigations involve us or the business practices or products of our competitors, or our customers. Any adverse publicity or negative public perception could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if any of our products or any similar products distributed by other companies are alleged to be or are proved to be harmful to consumers or to have unanticipated and unwanted health consequences.

Our manufacturing and third party fulfillment activities are subject to certain risks.

Our nutritional supplements products are manufactured at third party manufacturing facilities in Canada. As a result, we are dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. Such manufacturing operations, and those of its suppliers, are subject to power failures, blackouts, border shutdowns, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, human error, breakdown, failure or substandard performance of our facilities, our equipment, the improper installation or operation of equipment, terrorism, pandemics (including Covid-19), natural or other disasters, intentional acts of violence, and the need to comply with the requirements or directives of governmental agencies, including the FDA. The occurrence of these or any other operational problems at such facilities may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

There is a limited market for our common stock, and investors may find it difficult to buy and sell our shares.

Prior to February 15, 2022, our common stock was quoted on the OTC Pink, which is an unorganized, inter-dealer, over-the-counter market which provides significantly less liquidity than the Nasdaq Capital Market or other national securities exchanges. Daily trading volume for our common stock since January 2021 has ranged from 0 shares to 101,581,664 shares. These factors may have an adverse impact on the trading and price of our common stock.

Our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market since February 15, 2022. There is no assurance any significant trading volume in our common stock will be sustained or that we will remain eligible for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Our common stock has in the past been, and may in the future be considered, a “penny stock” and thus be subject to additional sale and trading regulations that may make it more difficult to buy or sell.

Our common stock, which prior to February 15, 2022, traded on the OTC Pink was previously, and may (if it is not then listed on a national securities exchange such as the Nasdaq Capital Market) in the future be, considered a “penny stock.” Securities broker-dealers participating in sales of “penny stock” are subject to the “penny stock” regulations set forth in Rules 15g-2 through 15g-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act. Generally, brokers may be less willing to execute transactions in securities subject to the “penny stock” rules. This may make it more difficult for investors to dispose of our common stock and cause a decline in the market value of our stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we currently anticipate that we will retain any earnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. Investors should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividend can further affect the market value of our common stock and could significantly affect the value of any investment in the Company.

Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock.

Our board of directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock are designated Series B Preferred Stock and 10,000 of such shares are outstanding and held by our chief executive officer. Our board of directors could authorize the creation of additional series of preferred stock that would grant to holders of preferred stock the right to our assets upon liquidation, or the right to receive dividend payments before dividends are distributed to the holders of common stock. In addition, subject to the rules of any securities exchange on which our stock is then listed, our board of directors could authorize the creation of additional series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stock or that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.

Additional stock offerings in the future or the issuance of stock upon exercise of outstanding warrants may dilute then-existing shareholders’ percentage ownership of the Company.

Given our plans and expectations that we will need additional capital and personnel, we anticipate that we will need to issue additional shares of common stock or securities convertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. In addition, as of March 16, 2022, we have 7,355,352 shares of common issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants with an exercise price of $2.22, subject to adjustment, and 1,302,251 shares issuable upon exercise of pre-funded warrants at a nominal exercise price of $0.001. The issuance of additional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties. 

Our principal place of business is located at 6500 Trans-Canada Highway, 4th Floor, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada H9R 0A5. We pay a monthly fee of $261 (Canadian), including applicable taxes for use of the available space and services. We are not party to a lease agreement in connection with this service. Additional office space and conference rooms are available to us on a pay-per-use basis. We believe that our existing facilities and equipment are adequate.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are not party to, and our property is not the subject of, any material legal proceedings.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Prior to February 15, 2022, our common stock was quoted on the OTC Pink under the symbol “SBFM.” Since February 15, 2022, our common stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “SBFM”.

As of January 31, 2022, there were approximately 147 holders of record of our common stock.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

We did not have any equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2021.

Dividend Policy

We have not paid any dividends since our incorporation and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. At present, our policy is to retain earnings, if any, to develop and market our products. Our payment of dividends in the future will depend upon, among other factors, our earnings, capital requirements, and operating financial conditions.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities 

None.

Item 6. [Reserved]

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion highlights the principal factors that have affected our financial condition and results of operations as well as our liquidity and capital resources for the periods described. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these forward-looking statements.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Results of Operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

During our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, we generated revenues of $228,426, compared to revenues of $71,410 in 2020. All of these revenues were generated from our nutritional supplements operations which we launched in the first quarter of 2019. The cost of sales in 2021 and 2020 for generating these revenues was $117,830 and $25,847, respectively.

General and administrative expenses for our fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 were $2,550,730, compared to $622,437 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, an increase of $1,928,293. The increase was a result of an overall increase in business activities including approximately $670,000 in new R&D expenditure.

We also incurred $328,818 in interest expense and $9,726,485 in losses from debt conversion in 2021 compared to $168,105 in interest expense and $2,057,513 in losses from debt conversion during the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in interest expense and losses from debt conversion in 2021 was due to a much larger amount of debt financing conducted in 2021. On February 17, 2022 we repaid all outstanding debt.

As a result, we incurred a net loss of $12,437,447 in 2021 (approximately $4.76 per share), compared to a net loss of $2,784,091 (approximately $2.73 per share) for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2,045,167.

On February 17, 2022, we completed an underwritten public offering of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of $8 million. We received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the offering.

On March 14, 2022, we completed a private placement of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of $8 million. We received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the private placement.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we issued a total of 559,144 shares of our common stock valued at $12,705,214 for the conversion of outstanding notes payable, reducing the debt by $2,867,243 and interest payable by $127,986 and generating a loss on conversion of $9,726,485.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we did not sell any of our capital stock for cash; however we entered into the following new debt arrangements:

As of December 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $989,888.

Net cash used in operating activities was $1,829,128 in 2021 compared to $657,299 in during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. We anticipate that our cash requirements for our operations will increase in the future before we reach profitability levels, of which there is no assurance.

Cash flows used in investing activities were $0 during the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $1,191 during our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Net cash flows provided by financing activities were $2,904,675 in 2021, compared to $1,608,253 in 2020. The increase was primarily a result of an increase in proceeds from the issuance of notes in 2021.

We are not generating adequate revenues from our operations to fully implement our business plan as set forth herein. On February 17, 2022, we received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the sale of common stock and warrants in an underwritten public offering. On March 14, 2022, we received net proceeds of approximately $6.8 million from the sale of common stock and warrants in a private placement. We believe our existing cash, including from our recently completed public offering and private placement, will be sufficient to fund our operations, including general and administrative expenses, expanded research and development activities, and nutritional supplement business, for the next 24 months. There is no assurance our estimates will be accurate. We have no committed sources of capital and we anticipate that we will need to raise additional capital in the future, including for further research and development activities. Additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Leases

We follow the guidance in ASC 842 “Accounting for Leases,” as amended, which requires us to evaluate the lease agreements we enter into to determine whether they represent operating or capital leases at the inception of the lease. Our Company is not party to any lease agreements. Our corporate offices in Pointe-Claire, Quebec (Canada) are on a month-to-month, pay-per-use basis under a contract with Regus. Our arrangement in connection with this office has no short-term or long-term asset or liability value.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 and Update to SEC Section on Effective Date Related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) which amends the effective date of the original pronouncement for smaller reporting companies. ASU 2016-13 and its amendments will be effective for the Company for interim and annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company believes the adoption will modify the way the Company analyzes financial instruments, but it does not anticipate a material impact on results of operations. The Company is in the process of determining the effects adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815 – 40), (“ASU 2020-06”). ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. The ASU2020-06 amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources and would be considered material to investors.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not required for a smaller reporting company.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Reference is made to the Financial Statements, the notes thereto, and the Report of Independent Public Accountants thereon commencing at page F-1 of this Report, which Financial Statements, notes and report are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this report.

These controls are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on this evaluation, our management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2021, at reasonable assurance level, for the following reasons:

The Company is addressing the ineffective controls, including through the following steps:

Additionally, the Board of Directors will work with management to continuously review controls and procedures to identified deficiencies and implement remediation within our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures.

We believe that our financial statements presented in this annual report on Form 10-K fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for all periods presented herein.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act.  Those rules define internal control over financial reporting as a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013).

Management believes that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting were ineffective based in part on the issues discussed above.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Except as set forth above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, which were identified in conjunction with management’s evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The following table and biographical summaries set forth information, including principal occupation and business experience about our directors and executive officers:

Dr. Steve N. Slilaty was appointed as our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors on October 15, 2009. Dr. Slilaty is an accomplished scientist and business executive. His scientific publications are widely cited. Sunshine Biopharma is the third in a line of biotechnology companies that Dr. Slilaty founded and managed. The first, Quantum Biotechnologies Inc. later known as Qbiogene Inc., was founded in 1991 and is now a member of a family of companies owned by MP Biomedicals, one of the largest international suppliers of biotechnology reagents and other research products. The second company which Dr. Slilaty founded, Genomics One Corporation, conducted an initial public offering of its capital stock in 1999 and, on the basis of its ownership of Dr. Slilaty’s patented TrueBlue Technology, Genomics One became one of the key participants in the Human Genome Project and reached a market capitalization of $1 billion in 2000. Formerly, Dr. Slilaty was a research team leader at the Biotechnology Research Institute (Montreal), a division of the National Research Council of Canada. Dr. Slilaty is one of the pioneers of Gene Therapy having developed the first gene delivery system applicable to humans in 1983 [Science 220: 725-727 (1983)]. Dr. Slilaty's other distinguished scientific career accomplishments was the discovery of a new class of enzymes, the S24 Family of Proteases (IUBMB Enzyme: EC 3.4.21.88) [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84: 3987-3991 (1987)]. In addition, Dr. Slilaty (i) developed the first site-directed mutagenesis system applicable to double-stranded DNA [Analyt. Biochem. 185: 194-200 (1990)], (ii) cloned the gene for the first yeast-lytic enzyme (lytic b-1,3-glucanase) [J. Biol. Chem. 266: 1058-1063 (1991)], (iii) developed a new molecular strategy for increasing the rate of enzyme reactions [Protein Engineering 4: 919-922 (1991)], and (iv) constructed a powerful new cloning system for genomic sequencing (TrueBlue® Technology) [Gene 213: 83-91 (1998)]. Most recently, Dr. Slilaty, in collaboration with Institut National des Sciences Appliquée (France), State University of New York at Binghamton (USA) and École Polytechnique, Université de Montréal (Canada), designed, patented, and advanced the development the first, and currently the only known anticancer compound (Adva-27a) capable of destroying multidrug resistant cancer cells [Anticancer Res. 32: 4423 (2011) and US Patent Numbers: 8,236,935 and 10,272,065]. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks. Dr. Slilaty is the author of 18 original research papers and 10 issued and pending. These and other works of Dr. Slilaty are cited in research papers, editorials, review articles and textbooks. Dr. Slilaty received his Ph.D. degree in Molecular Biology from the University of Arizona in 1983 and Bachelor of Science degree in Genetics and Biochemistry from Cornell University in 1976. Dr. Slilaty has received research grants from the NIH and NSF and he is the recipient of the 1981 University of Arizona Foundation award for Meritorious Performance in Teaching. Dr. Slilaty’s scientific knowledge and experience qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

Dr. Abderrazzak Merzouki was appointed as a director and our chief operating officer in February 2016. In addition to his positions with our Company since January 2016 he has been self-employed as a consultant in the fields of biotechnology and pharmacology. From July 2007 through December 2016, Dr. Merzouki worked at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, where he taught and acted as a senior scientist involved in the research and development of plasmid and siRNA-based therapies. Dr. Merzouki is a molecular biologist and an immunologist with extensive experience in the area of gene therapy where he performed several preclinical studies for pharmaceutical companies involving the use of adenoviral vectors for cancer therapy and plasmid vectors for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions. Dr. Merzouki also has extensive expertise in the design of expression vectors, and production and purification of recombinant proteins. He developed technologies for production of biogeneric therapeutic proteins for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Dr. Merzouki obtained his Ph.D. in Virology and Immunology from Institut Armand-Frappier in Quebec and received his post-doctoral training at the University of British Columbia and the BC Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS research. Dr. Merzouki has over 30 publications and 70 communications in various, highly respected scientific journals in the field of cellular and molecular biology. Dr. Merzouki’s scientific knowledge and experience qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

Camille Sebaaly was appointed as our chief financial officer, secretary and a director of our Company on October 15, 2009. He resigned as a director of the Company in October 2021. Since 2001, Mr. Sebaaly has been self-employed as a business consultant, primarily in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical sectors. He held a number of senior executive positions in various areas including financial management, business development, project management and finance. As an executive and an entrepreneur, he combines expertise in strategic planning and finance with strong skills in business development and deal structure and negotiations. In addition, Mr. Sebaaly worked in operations, general management, investor relations, marketing and business development with emphasis on international business and marketing of advanced technologies including hydrogen generation and energy saving. In the area of marketing, Mr. Sebaaly has evaluated market demands and opportunities, created strategic marketing and business development plans, designed marketing communications and launched market penetration programs. Mr. Sebaaly graduated from State University of New York at Buffalo with an Electrical and Computer Engineering Degree in 1987.

Dr. Rabi Kiderchah has served as a director of the Company since October 2021. Dr. Kiderchah is a licensed physician in Canada. From 2000 until August 2021, he was working at Argenteuil Hospital, Lachute, Quebec, Canada, as an emergency room physician. He has also worked as what is referred to in Canada as a “medecins depanneurs”, working in rural areas where there are not enough ER doctors. Since August 2011 he has worked at Rabi Kiderchah Medecin Inc. as a freelance physician in the Quebec, Canada area. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1994 and an MD degree in 1998 from the University of Montreal. Dr. Kiderchah’s medical and scientific knowledge and experience qualifies him to serve on our board of directors.

David Natan has served as a director of the Company since February 10, 2022. Since 2007, Mr. Natan has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Natan & Associates, LLC, Parkland, Florida, a privately held consulting firm offering chief financial officer services to public and private companies in a variety of industries. In addition, since April 2020 Mr. Natan has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Airborne Motorworks, Inc., Spokane, WA, a privately-held aerospace transportation company, Since February 2021, Mr. Natan has also been a director and Chairperson of the Audit Committee of Global Diversified Marketing Group, Inc. (OTCMKTS: GDMK), a manufacturer, marketer and distributor of food and snack products. From February 2010 to May 2020, Mr. Natan served as Chief Executive Officer of ForceField Energy, Inc. (OTCMKTS: FNRG), a company focused on the solar industry and LED lighting products. He was also Chairman of the Board of this company from April 2015 to May 2020. Additionally, Mr. Natan served in various roles of increasing responsibility with Deloitte & Touche LLP, a global consulting firm, as well as a member of the Board of Directors of various companies. Mr. Natan holds a B.A. in Economics from Boston University. Mr. Natan’s experience as business executive and as a director of public companies qualify him to serve on our board of directors.

Dr. Andrew M. Keller has served as a director of the Company since February 10, 2022. From 2016 through November 2019, Dr. Keller was the Chief Medical Officer at the Western Connecticut Medical Group, Bethel CT, a multispecialty organization. He was employed by this group beginning in 1989, and in 2003 became Chief – Section of Cardiovascular Diseases. In 2014 he was appointed Chief Medical Informatics Officer. Previously, Dr. Keller was an Assistant Professor of Medicine/Radiology at Columbia University, The College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, NY. Dr. Keller retired as a practicing physician in 2019 and in 2020, became a full time student at Quinnipiac University College of Law, where he is currently in his second year. Dr. Keller received a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1979 from The Ohio State University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics, Magna Cum Laude from Ithaca College in 1975. Dr. Keller’s medical and scientific knowledge and experience qualify him to serve on our board of directors.

Corporate Governance

Board of Directors Term of Office

Directors are elected at our annual meeting of shareholders and serve for one year until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until their successors are elected and qualified.

Committees of our Board of Directors

The Company has established an audit committee, a compensation committee, and a corporate governance and nominating committee of our board of directors. Each committee is comprised of each of our independent directors. David Natan is our audit committee financial expert.

No Family Relationships

There is no family relationship between any director and executive officer or among any directors or executive officers.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

Our directors and executive officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer. Our Code of Ethics is available on our website at www.sunshinebiopharma.com.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports 

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requires the Company’s officers and directors, and certain persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities (collectively, “Reporting Persons”), to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership (“Section 16 Reports”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Based solely on its review of the copies of such Section 16 Reports filed with the SEC, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to the Reporting Persons during and with respect to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 were complied with on a timely basis, except that Form 3s were filed late by Rabi Kiderchah, JD Kish, and Andrew Telsey, a Form 4 was filed late by Merzouki Abderrazzak (resulting in one transaction not being reported on a timely basis), a Form 4 was filed late by Dr. Steve N. Slilaty (resulting in one transaction not being reported on a timely basis), and a Form 4 was filed late by Camille Sebaaly (resulting in one transaction not being reported on a timely basis),

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The following table sets forth compensation information for services rendered by our executive officers in all capacities during the last two completed fiscal years.

________________

Employment Agreements 

We are not party to any employment agreements.

Outstanding Equity Awards at 2021 Fiscal Year-End

We did not have any outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2021.

Director Compensation

We did not pay any compensation to our directors during the year ended December 31, 2021, except as set forth in the summary compensation table above.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table sets forth certain information, as of March 16, 2022, with respect to the beneficial ownership of the outstanding common stock by (i) any holder of more than five (5%) percent; (ii) each of our executive officers and directors; and (iii) our directors and executive officers as a group.

We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting power or investment power with respect to those securities. The table lists applicable percentage ownership based on 7,129,778 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 16, 2022. In addition, under SEC rules, beneficial ownership of common stock include shares of our common stock issuable pursuant to the conversion or exercise of securities that are either immediately exercisable or convertible into common stock or exercisable or convertible into common stock within 60 days of March 16, 2022. These shares are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those securities for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of that person, but they are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Unless otherwise indicated, the persons or entities identified in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares shown as beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws.

____________________

* Less than 1%.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. 

We had an outstanding note dated December 31, 2019 held by Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, our chief executive officer, with a principal amount of $128,269, accruing interest at 12% per year, which was due December 31, 2020. On December 31, 2020, we renewed this note together with accrued interest of $15,392 for a 12-month period. The new note had a principal amount of $143,661, accrued interest at 12% per year, and had a maturity date of December 31, 2021. On August 24, 2021, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this note, together with accrued interest of $12,929 by making a cash payment of $156,590.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we issued to Dr. Slilaty 500,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock for services.

Andrew Telsey, who was elected a director of the Company in October 2021 and served as a director until February 10, 2022, is the sole shareholder of Andrew I. Telsey, P.C., a law firm that provides legal services to the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company paid the firm $35,281 and $36,042 in legal fees and expenses.

James (JD) Kish, who was elected a director of the Company in October 2021 and served as a director until February 10, 2022, provides accounting services to the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company paid Mr. Kish $27,000 and $20,000 in fees for accounting services.

Dr. Rabi Kiderchah, who was elected a director of the Company in October 2021, has previously been a consultant to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued to Dr. Kiderchah 1,625 shares of common stock for services.

On February 22, 2022, we redeemed 990,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock held by Dr. Steve Slilaty at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

Director Independence

Our independent directors consist of Dr. Kiderchah, Mr. Natan and Dr. Keller.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The following table presents fees for professional audit services rendered by B F Borgers CPA PC, our independent auditors, during our fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

Audit Fees. Audit fees consist of amounts billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Annual Reports on Forms 10-K for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for reviews of our interim financial statements included in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

Audit-related Fees. Audit-related fees represent fees for assurance and related services performed that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements.

Tax Fees. B F Borgers CPA PC did not perform any tax compliance services for us during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020

All Other Fees.  B F Borgers CPA PC did not receive any other fees from us for the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2020.

As of December 31, 2021, our entire Board of Directors performed the duties of an audit committee. Our Board of Directors evaluated the scope and cost of the engagement of an auditor before the auditor rendered audit and non-audit services. As of February 15, 2022, the Board of Directors appointed our three independent directors as the members of our audit committee.

PART IV

Item 15 Exhibits.

 _______________________

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

With Independent Accountant’s Audit Report

At December 31, 2021 and 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the shareholders and the board of directors of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or are required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments.

We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ BF Borgers CPA PC

BF Borgers CPA PC

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013

Lakewood, CO

March 21, 2022

5041

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet

See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Statement of Shareholders' Equity

See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

See Accompanying Notes To These Financial Statements.

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2021 and 2020

Note 1 – Description of Business

Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. (the "Company") was originally incorporated under the name Mountain West Business Solutions, Inc. on August 31, 2006, in the State of Colorado. Until October 2009, the Company was operating as a business consultancy firm.

We are a pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement company focusing on the research and development of proprietary drugs including our anti-cancer compound Adva-27a, and anti-coronavirus lead compound, SBFM-PL4.

We also, through our wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”), develop science-based nutritional supplements, and currently sell one nutritional supplement product.

Effective October 15, 2009, the Company acquired Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. in a transaction classified as a reverse acquisition. Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. was holding an exclusive license to a new anticancer drug bearing the laboratory name, Adva-27a (the “License Agreement”). Upon completion of the reverse acquisition transaction, the Company changed its name to Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and began operating as a pharmaceutical company focusing on the development of the licensed Adva-27a anticancer drug.

In October 2012, the Company published the results of its initial preclinical studies of Adva-27a in the peer-reviewed journal, ANTICANCER RESEARCH. The studies were conducted in collaboration with Binghamton University, a State University of New York, and Ecole Polytechnique, Universite de Montreal. The publication is entitled “Adva-27a, a Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivative Found to Be Effective Against Multidrug Resistant Human Cancer Cells” [ANTICANCER RESEARCH Volume 32, Pages 4423-4432 (2012)].

In July 2014, the Company formed a wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. (“Sunshine Canada”) for the purposes of offering generic pharmaceutical products in Canada and elsewhere around the world. In the first quarter of 2021, Sunshine Canada transitioned its focus to the development and marketing of Science-Based Nutritional Supplements.

In December 2015, the Company acquired all worldwide issued (US Patent Number 8,236,935, and 10,272,065) and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from Advanomics Corporation, a related party, and terminated the License Agreement. In 2016, the remaining value of these patents was impaired. The Company is however continuing development of the Adva-27a anticancer drug covered by these patents.

On January 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Atlas Pharma Inc. (“Atlas”), a Canadian privately held analytical chemistry company. The purchase price for the shares was Eight Hundred Forty-Eight Thousand Dollars $848,000 Canadian ($676,748 US). The purchase price included cash payment of $100,500 Canadian ($80,289 US), plus the issuance of 250 shares of the Company’s Common Stock valued at $238,000, and a promissory note (“Atlas Debt”) in the principal amount of $450,000 Canadian ($358,407 US), with interest payable at the rate of 3% per annum. Effective April 1, 2019, the Company re-assigned all of its stock in Atlas back to the original owner in exchange for the Atlas Debt. The loss on the disposition was $580,125.

In March 2018, the Company formed NOX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned Colorado corporation and assigned all of the Company’s interest in the Adva-27a anticancer drug to that company. NOX Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s mission is to research, develop and commercialize proprietary drugs including Adva-27a.

In December 2018, the Company launched its first Science-Based Nutritional Supplements product, Essential 9^™, an over-the-counter tablet comprised of the nine (9) essential amino acids that the human body cannot make. Essential 9^™ has been authorized for marketing by Health Canada under NPN 80089663.

Effective February 1, 2019, the Company completed a 20 to 1 reverse split of its Common Stock, (the “First Reverse Stock Split”). T

Effective April 6, 2020, the Company completed another 20 to 1 reverse split of its Common Stock, (the “Second Reverse Stock Split”).

On May 22, 2020, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. The Company’s patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, the Company filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.

On June 17, 2020, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) with the State of Colorado, to eliminate the Series “A” Preferred Shares consisting of Eight Hundred and Fifty Thousand (850,000) shares, par value $0.10 per share, and the designation thereof, which shares were returned to the status of undesignated shares of Preferred Stock. In addition, the Amendment increased the number of authorized Series “B” Preferred Shares from Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) to One Million (1,000,000) shares.

Also on June 17, 2020, the Company issued Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) shares of Series “B” Preferred Stock in favor of Dr. Steve N. Slilaty, the Company’s CEO, in consideration for the COVID-19 treatment technology he developed. The Series “B” Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable, non-retractable and has a superior liquidation value of $0.10 per share. Each share of Series “B” Preferred Stock is entitled to 1,000 votes per share. This issuance brought the total number of Series “B” Preferred Stock held by Dr. Slilaty to 1,000,000 shares.

On September 8, 2020, the Company executed a financing agreement with RB Capital Partners, Inc., La Jolla, CA, (“RB Capital”) who agreed to provide the Company with a minimum of $2 million in convertible debt financing during the ensuing three to six month period pursuant to the terms and conditions included in relevant Promissory Notes (the “Promissory Notes”). The Promissory Notes bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum and have a maturity date of two years from the date of issuance. The Company has the right to pay off all or any part of the Promissory Notes at any time without penalty.

Effective October 6, 2020, the Company entered into a Research Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the University of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. (“UGARF”), representing the University of Georgia (“UGA”). The purpose of the Agreement is to memorialize the terms of the Company working together with UGA to conduct the necessary research and development to advance the Company’s Anti-Coronavirus lead compound, SBFM-PL4 (or derivatives thereof) through various stages of preclinical development. The Agreement grants the Company an exclusive worldwide license for all of the intellectual property developed during the term of the Agreement, whether developed by UGA alone or jointly with the Company.

On January 26, 2021, the Company received a Notice of Allowances from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office for a new patent application covering Adva-27a. The newly issued patent contains new subject matter and extends the proprietary protection of Adva-27a in Canada until 2034.

On February 4, 2021, the Company entered into an additional research agreement and an exclusive license agreement with the University of Georgia (“UGA”) for two Anti-Coronavirus compounds which UGA had previously developed and patented. This second research agreement provides for UGA to conduct mice studies on the two UGA compounds licensed to the Company. In December 2021, the Company was informed by the University of Georgia that preliminary results of the mice study taking place indicated these two compounds have no significant effect on mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. As a result, the Company no longer plans to pursue the UGA License or further development of these two compounds.

On March 9, 2021, the Company received a Notice of Allowance from the European Patent Office for a new patent application covering Adva-27a. The newly issued patent contains new subject matter and extends the proprietary protection of Adva-27a in Europe until 2034. The equivalent patent in the United States was issued in 2019 (US Patent Number 10,272,065).

On June 25, 2021, the Company entered into an engagement agreement with Aegis Capital Corp. (“Aegis”), pursuant to which the Company engaged Aegis to act as lead underwriter in connection with a proposed public offering of approximately $10 million of common stock and warrants by the Company (the “Offering”).

On October 1, 2021, the Company filed a patent application for a potential new treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. The patent application contains experimental results showing that certain mRNA molecules provide protective effects against oxidative stress in differentiated neuronal cells, a process that mimics neuronal degeneration. This new patent application has a priority date of October 1, 2021.

Effective February 9, 2022, the Company completed a 1 for 200 reverse split of its Common Stock, reducing the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock from 518,248,099 to 2,595,620 (the “Third Reverse Stock Split”). The number of common shares authorized for issuance remained as previously established at 3,000,000,000 shares. All references to the Company’s Common Stock in this Report, including the Company's financial statements reflect the First, Second, and Third Reverse Stock Split on a retroactive basis.

On February 15, 2022, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement in connection with the Offering. Pursuant to the Offering, the Company agreed to issue 1,882,353 Units, each consisting of one share of Common Stock and two Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price of $4.25 per Unit for total gross proceeds of $8,000,000. We also granted the underwriter a 45-day option to purchase additional shares of common stock and/or warrants equal up to 15% of the number of shares and warrants, respectively, sold in the offering solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

Also on February 15, 2022, the Company’s shares of Common Stock and Warrants began trading on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “SBFM” for the Common Stock and “SBFMW” for the Warrants.

On February 17, 2022, the Offering closed and the Company received net proceeds of $6,833,071 from the Offering. Pursuant to the Offering, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,882,353 shares of common stock and 4,102,200 warrants (including partial exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriter).

On February 18, 2022, the Company entered into a research agreement with the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona (the “University of Arizona”). Pursuant to the research agreement, the University of Arizona agreed to use reasonable efforts to perform a research project focused on determining the in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and dose selection properties of three University of Arizona owned PLpro inhibitors, followed by efficacy testing in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2, in consideration for certain milestone payments to be made by the Company. Under the agreement, the University of Arizona granted the Company a first option to negotiate for a commercial, royalty-bearing license for all intellectual property invented or authored by University of Arizona personnel under the research project.

On February 22, 2022, the Company redeemed 990,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock from the CEO of the Company at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

The Company's financial statements reflect the First, Second, and Third Reverse Stock Split on a retroactive basis and represent the consolidated activity of Sunshine Biopharma, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc. and NOX Pharmaceuticals Inc.) herein collectively referred to as the "Company."

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

This summary of significant accounting policies is presented to assist the reader in understanding the Company's financial statements. The consolidated financial statements and notes are representations of the Company's management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial statements.

IMPACT OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus and its associated disease, COVID-19, a global pandemic. Conditions surrounding the Coronavirus outbreak are evolving rapidly and government authorities around the world have implemented emergency measures to mitigate the spread of the virus. The outbreak and related mitigation measures have had and will continue to have a material adverse impact on the world economies and the Company's business activities. It is not possible for the Company to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse conditions of the outbreak and their effects on the Company’s business or ability to raise funds. No adjustments have been made to the amounts reported in the Company's financial statements as a result of this matter.

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant estimates and assumptions made by management are valuation of equity instruments, depreciation of property and equipment, and deferred tax asset valuation. Actual results could differ from those estimates as the current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

For the Balance Sheets and Statements of Cash Flows, all highly liquid investments with maturity of 90 days or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company had a cash balance of $2,045,167 and $989,888 as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At times such cash balances may be in excess of the FDIC limit of $250,000 or the equivalent in Canada.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment is reviewed for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may exceed future undiscounted cash inflows. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had not identified any such impairment. Repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred and improvements and renewals are capitalized.

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes and accelerated methods for tax purposes. Their estimated useful lives are as follows: 

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) ASC Topic 260 regarding earnings / loss per share, which provides for calculation of “basic” and “diluted” earnings / loss per share. Basic earnings / loss per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing net income / loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings / loss per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity similar to fully diluted earnings / loss per share.

INCOME TAXES

In accordance with ASC 740 – Income Taxes, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method. The liability method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities have been adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company expects to recognize the financial statement benefit of an uncertain tax position only after considering the probability that a tax authority would sustain the position in an examination. For tax positions meeting a "more-likely-than-not" threshold, the amount to be recognized in the financial statements will be the benefit expected to be realized upon settlement with the tax authority. For tax positions not meeting the threshold, no financial statement benefit is recognized. As of December 31, 2020 the Company had no uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions as general and administrative expenses. The Company currently has no federal or state tax examinations nor has it had any federal or state examinations since its inception. To date, the Company has not incurred any interest or tax penalties.

For Canadian and US tax purposes, the Company’s 2018 through 2020 tax years remain open for examination by the tax authorities under the normal three-year statute of limitations.

FUNCTIONAL CURRENCY

The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company which is operating in the United States. The functional currency for the Company's Canadian subsidiary is the Canadian dollar.

The Company translates its Canadian subsidiary's financial statements into U.S. dollars as follows:

The Company includes translation adjustments from currency exchange and the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. There are currently no transactions of a long-term investment nature, nor any gains or losses from non U.S. currency transactions.

CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISKS

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company applies the provisions of accounting guidance, FASB Topic ASC 825, Financial Instruments. ASC 825 requires all entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value, and defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the fair value of cash, accounts receivable and notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other payables approximated carrying value due to the short maturity of the instruments, quoted market prices or interest rates which fluctuate with market rates.

The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements).

The carrying value of financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value is measured on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value when a significant event occurs. The Company had no financial assets or liabilities carried and measured on a nonrecurring basis during the reporting periods. Financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are those that are adjusted to fair value each time a financial statement is prepared.

NOTES PAYABLE

Borrowings are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortized cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognized in the income statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVES LIABILITIES

The Company evaluates stock options, stock warrants or other contracts to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for under the relevant sections of ASC Topic 815-40, Derivative Instruments and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. The result of this accounting treatment could be that the fair value of a financial instrument is classified as a derivative instrument and is marked-to-market at each balance sheet date and recorded as a liability. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the statement of operations as other income or other expense.

Upon conversion or exercise of a derivative instrument, the instrument is marked to fair value at the conversion date and then that fair value is reclassified to equity. Financial instruments that are initially classified as equity that become subject to reclassification under ASC Topic 815-40 are reclassified to a liability account at the fair value of the instrument on the reclassification date. The Company determined that none of the Company’s financial instruments meet the criteria for derivative accounting as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

EQUITY INSTRUMENTS ISSUED TO EMPLOYEES OR NON-EMPLOYEES FOR ACQUIRING GOODS OR SERVICES

The stock-based compensation expense for both employee and non-employee awards is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation to employees in conformity with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Stock Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation to employees consisting of stock option grants and restricted shares are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values at the date of grant. The Company accounts for equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, based upon the fair-value of the underlying instrument.

BASIC AND DILUTED NET GAIN (LOSS) PER SHARE

The Company computes loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the income statement.

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net (loss) by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class method, whichever is more dilutive. As the Company incurred net losses for the year ended December 31, 2021 no potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the impact would have been anti-dilutive.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 201409, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606). Under the new guidance, an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. A five-step model has been introduced for an entity to apply when recognizing revenue. The new guidance also includes enhanced disclosure requirements. The guidance was effective January 1, 2018 and was applied on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption did not have an impact on the Company's financial statements. All of the revenues of the Company are revenues of the Company's wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, which sells nutritional supplements through Amazon.com and Amazon.ca.

In Canada, governmental regulations require that companies recognize revenues upon completion of the work by issuing an invoice and remitting the applicable sales taxes (GST and QST) to the appropriate government agency. The Company’s wholly owned Canadian subsidiary's revenue recognition policy is in compliance with these local regulations.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This guidance removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and provides consistent application of U.S. GAAP by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The effective date of the new guidance for public companies is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption and impact of the updated guidance on its financial statements.

LEGAL FEES

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the legal fees incurred were related to services provided to the Company in connection with the Securities and Exchange Commission requirements and other regulatory and contracts matters.

DATE OF MANAGEMENT’S REVIEW

Subsequent events have been evaluated through March 21, 2022, which is the date the Financial Statements were available to be issued.

Note 3 – Patents

The following is a summary of the patents held by the Company at December 31, 2021:

In December 2015, the Company acquired all worldwide issued (US Patent Number 8,236,935, and US Patent Number 10,272,065) and pending patents under PCT/FR2007/000697 and PCT/CA2014/000029 for the Adva-27a anticancer compound from Advanomics Corporation (now known as TRT Pharma Inc.), a related party, in exchange for an aggregate of 803,264 shares of common stock valued at $835,394 and terminated a license agreement. In 2016, the remaining value of these patents was impaired. The Company is however continuing development of the Adva-27a anticancer drug covered by these patents.

On May 22, 2020, the Company filed a provisional patent application in the United States for a new treatment for Coronavirus infections. The Company’s patent application covers composition subject matter pertaining to small molecules for inhibition of the main Coronavirus protease, Mpro, an enzyme that is essential for viral replication. The patent application has a priority date of May 22, 2020. On April 30, 2021, the Company filed a PCT application containing new research results and extending coverage to include the Coronavirus Papain-Like protease, PLpro. The priority date of May 22, 2020 has been maintained in the newly filed PCT application.

On October 1, 2021, the Company filed a patent application for a potential new treatment for neurodegenerative disorders. The patent application contains experimental results showing that certain mRNA molecules provide protective effects against oxidative stress in differentiated neuronal cells, a process that mimics neuronal degeneration. This new patent application has a priority date of October 1, 2021.

Note 4 – Capital Stock

The Company’s authorized capital is comprised of 3,000,000,000 shares of $0.001 par value common stock and 30,000,000 shares of $0.10 par value preferred stock, to have such rights and preferences as the Directors of the Company have or may assign from time to time. Out of the authorized Preferred Stock, the Company has designated 850,000 shares as Series “A” Preferred Stock (“Series A”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had no issued and outstanding shares of Series A. On June 17, 2020, the Company filed an amendment to its Articles of Incorporation (the “Amendment”) eliminating the Series A shares and the designation thereof, which shares were returned to the status of undesignated shares of Preferred Stock. In addition to eliminating the Series A shares, the Amendment also increased the number of authorized Series B Preferred Shares from Five Hundred Thousand (500,000) to One Million (1,000,000) shares. The Series B Preferred Stock is non-convertible, non-redeemable and non-retractable. It has superior liquidation rights to the common stock at $0.10 per share and gives the holder the right to 1,000 votes per share. As of December 31, 2021, all 1,000,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock had been issued to the CEO of the Company.

Effective February 9, 2022, the Company completed a 1 for 200 reverse split of its Common Stock (the “Third Reverse Stock Split”). The number of Common Shares authorized for issuance remained as previously established at 3,000,000,000 shares. All references to the Company’s Common Stock in this Report, including the Company's financial statements reflect the First, Second, and Third Reverse Stock Split on a retroactive basis.

On February 22, 2022, the Company redeemed 990,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock from the CEO of the Company at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

Through December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company has issued and outstanding a total of 2,591,240 and 1,732,096 shares of Common Stock, respectively. Through the same periods, the Company has issued and outstanding a total of 1,000,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued an aggregate of 559,144 shares of its Common Stock valued at $12,705,214 in connection with the conversion of $2,867,243 in debt and interest of $127,986 resulting in a loss of $9,726,485 on conversion. In addition, the Company issued 300,000 share of its Common Stock valued at $918,000 as compensation to its directors. In total, 859,114 shares of Common Stock were issued during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,555,495 shares of its Common Stock valued at $2,515,015 in connection with the conversion of $415,269 in debt and interest of $ 42,233 resulting in a $2,057,513 loss on conversion.

The Company has declared no dividends since inception.

Note 5 – Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the years ended December 31: 

Note 6 – Income Taxes

The Company files a United States federal income tax return and a Canadian branch return on a calendar year basis. The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Sunshine Biopharma Canada Inc., have not generated taxable income since inception.

Deferred income taxes arise from the temporary differences between financial statement and income tax recognition of net operating losses and other items. These loss carryovers are limited under the Internal Revenue Code should a significant change in ownership occur. The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, which requires, among other things, an asset and liability approach to calculating deferred income taxes. The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities arising under ASC No. 740 were as follows:

Deferred income taxes arise from the temporary differences between financial statement and income tax recognition of net operating losses. These loss carryovers are limited under the Internal Revenue Code should a significant change in ownership occur.

At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $28,040,262 and $15,941,082 respectively, in unused federal net operating loss carryforwards and $42,212 and $-0- in unused business credits, the federal net operating losses begin to expire principally in the year 2029. A deferred tax asset at each date of approximately $2,980,424 and $690,352 resulting from the loss carryforwards has been offset by a 100% valuation allowance. The change in the valuation allowance for the period ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was approximately $2,290,073 and $(451,307), respectively.

The Company’s income tax filings are subject to audit by various taxation authorities. The Company’s open audit periods are 2019, 2020, and 2021, although, the statute of limitations for the 2019 tax year will expire effective October 15, 2021. In evaluating the Company’s provisions and accruals, future taxable income, and reversal of temporary differences, interpretations and tax planning strategies are considered. The Company believes its estimates are appropriate based on current facts and circumstances.

Note 7 – Notes Payable

The Company’s Notes Payable at December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

A Note Payable dated December 31, 2018 having a Face Value of $136,744 and accruing interest at 12% was due December 31, 2019. On October 1, 2019, the holder of this note requested to convert $30,000 in principal amount into 7,500 shares of Common Stock, leaving a principal balance $106,744. On December 31, 2019, the Company renewed the remaining principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest of $15,509 for a 12-month period. The new Note has a Face Value of $122,253 and accrues interest at 12%. This Note matured on December 31, 2020. On August 27, 2020, the holder of this Note transferred all of its interest therein to RB Capital and in connection with a financing agreement with RB Capital, the Company agreed to render the Note convertible at $0.20 per share. Through December 31, 2021, the entire principal amount of $122,253 of this Note and all accrued interest of $14,247 was converted into 682,500 shares of Common Stock valued at $7,884,100 resulting in a loss of $7,747,600.

On April 17, 2020, the Company’s Canadian subsidiary received a CEBA Loan (Canada Emergency Business Account Loan) from CIBC (Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce) in the principal amount of $40,000 Canadian ($29,352 US) as part of the Canadian government’s COVID-19 relief program. The CEBA Loan is non-interest bearing if repaid on or before December 31, 2022 (the “Termination Date”). The CEBA Loan is considered repaid in full if the borrower repays 75% of the Principal Amount on or before the Termination Date. On June 15, 2021, the Company paid 75% of this loan and the remaining 25% is anticipated to be forgiven by December 31, 2022.

On April 27, 2020, the Company received a Paycheck Protection Program loan (“PPP Loan”) in the principal amount of $50,655 from the US Small Business Administration (“SBA”) as part of the US government’s COVID-19 relief program. This loan accrues interest at the rate of 1% per annum. The Company is obligated to make payments of principal and interest totaling $2,133 each month commencing on November 27, 2020, with any remaining balances due and payable on or before April 27, 2022. The proceeds derived from this loan may only be used for payroll costs, interest on mortgages, rent and utilities (“Admissible Expenses”). In addition, the Paycheck Protection Program provides for conditional loan forgiveness if the Company utilizes at least 75% of the proceeds from the loan to pay Admissible Expenses. On December 15, 2020, the Company applied to the funding bank for forgiveness of this loan per SBA guidance. On December 18, 2020, the Company received notification that the funding bank has approved forgiveness of the loan in its entirety and that it has submitted a request to the SBA for final approval. On February 22, 2021, the funding bank informed the Company that the SBA has fully forgiven the loan.

On July 7, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $48,000 with interest accruing at 8% is due July 7, 2021. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. On January 5, 2021, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest and prepayment penalties of $15,271 by issuing cash payment of $63,271.

On July 27, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $102,000 with interest accruing at 8% is due July 27, 2021. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price 30% below market value. On January 29, 2021, the entire principal amount of $102,000 of this Note plus accrued interest of $4,171 was converted into 25,222 shares of Common Stock valued at $484,268 resulting in a loss of $378,097.

On August 14, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $67,000 with interest accruing at 8% is due August 14, 2021. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price 30% below market value. On February 22, 2021, the entire principal amount of $67,000 of this Note plus accrued interest of $2,680 was converted into 2,711 shares of Common Stock valued at $119,169 resulting in a loss of $49,489.

On September 14, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $250,000 with interest accruing at 5% which was due September 14, 2022. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On June 2, 2021, the entire principal amount of $250,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $8,850 was converted into 4,314 shares of Common Stock valued at $170,841 resulting in a gain of $88,009.

On September 24, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $50,000, with interest accruing at 5%, which due September 24, 2022. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On December 7, 2021, the entire principal amount of $50,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $3,000 was converted into 883 shares of Common Stock valued at $9,717 resulting in a gain of $43,283.

On October 20, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $250,000 with interest accruing at 5% which was due October 20, 2022. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On June 2, 2021, the entire principal amount of $250,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $7,600 was converted into 4,293 shares of Common Stock valued at $170,016 resulting in a gain of $87,584.

On November 19, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $250,000 with interest accruing at 8% which was due August 19, 2021. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price 35% below market value. On May 19, 2021, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest and prepayment penalties of $126,881 by issuing cash payment of $376,881.

On November 24, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $260,000 with interest accruing at 8% which was due November 24, 2021. The Note was convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price 30% below market value. On June 1, 2021, the entire principal amount of $260,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $10,428 was converted into 19,329 shares of Common Stock valued at $695,078, resulting in a loss of $424,650.

On November 25, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $250,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due November 25, 2022. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On July 6, 2021, a principal amount of $240,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $7,688 was converted into 120,000 shares of Common Stock valued at $3,744,000 resulting in a loss of $3,504,000. The remaining principal amount of $10,000 was paid in cash.

On December 2, 2020, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $104,215 with interest accruing at 5% is due December 2, 2022. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On December 7, 2021, the entire principal amount of $104,215 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $5,285 was converted into 1,825 shares of Common Stock valued at $20,075 resulting in a gain of $89,425.

On January 12, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $150,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due January 12, 2023. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share. On December 7, 2021, the entire principal amount of $150,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $6,800 was converted into 2,613 shares of Common Stock valued at $28,747 resulting in a gain of $128,053.

On January 27, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $300,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due January 27, 2023. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.50 per share. On December 7, 2021, the entire principal amount of $300,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $13,000 was converted into 3,130 shares of Common Stock valued at $34,430 resulting in a gain of $278,570.

On February 12, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $700,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due February 12, 2023. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.60 per share. On December 7, 2021, the entire principal amount of $700,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $28,700 was converted into 6,073 shares of Common Stock valued at $66,798 resulting in a gain of $661,902.

On April 5, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $330,000 with interest accruing at 10% is due January 5, 2022. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price of $0.30 per share or 35% below market value, whichever is lower. On October 13, 2021, the entire principal amount of $330,000 of this Note plus all accrued interest of $16,500 was converted into 26,250 shares of Common Stock valued at $564,385 resulting in a loss of $217,875.

On April 20, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $500,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due April 20, 2023. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share.

On July 6, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $900,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due July 6, 2023. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share.

On August 18, 2021, the Company received monies in exchange for a Note Payable having a Face Value of $500,000 with interest accruing at 5% is due August 18, 2023. The Note is convertible after 180 days from issuance into Common Stock at a price equal to $0.30 per share.

The April 20, 2021 Note for $500,000, the July 6, 2021 Note for $900,000, and the August 18, 2021 Note for $500,000 were all paid off in full on February 17, 2022 -see Note 10 Subsequent Events.

At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, total accrued interest on Notes Payable was $42,287 and $24,320, respectively.

Note 8 – Notes Payable - Related Party

A Note Payable dated December 31, 2019 held by the CEO of the Company having a Face Value of $128,269 and accruing interest at 12% was due December 31, 2020. On December 31, 2020, the Company renewed the Note together with accrued interest of $15,392 for a 12-month period. The new Note has a face Value of $143,661, accrues interest at 12% per annum, and has a maturity date of December 31, 2021. On August 24, 2021, the Company paid off the entire principal balance of this Note, together with accrued interest of $12,929 by issuing cash payment of $156,590.

Note 9 – Leases

The Company's arrangement in connection with its office space located in Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada has no short-term or long-term asset or liability value.

Note 10 – Subsequent Events

On February 17, 2022, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of shares of common stock and warrants for gross proceeds of $8 million, and in connection therewith, the Company’s common stock was uplisted to Nasdaq. The Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,882,353 shares and 4,102,200 warrants (including partial exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option for 337,494 warrants). The warrants have a 5 year term and an initial exercise price of $4.25, subject to adjustment. The net proceeds from the offering were $6,833,071.

On February 17, 2022, the Company paid off a Note Payable dated April 20, 2021 by issuing cash payment in the amount of $520,753 comprised of $500,000 in principal and $20,753 in accrued interest.

On February 17, 2022, the Company paid off a Note Payable dated July 6, 2021 by issuing cash payment in the amount of $927,863 comprised of $900,000 in principal and $27,863 in accrued interest.

On February 17, 2022, the Company paid off a Note Payable dated August 18, 2021 by issuing cash payment in the amount of $512,534 comprised of $500,000 in principal and $12,534 in accrued interest.

On February 22, 2022, in an event related to the Company’s public offering completed on February 17, 2022, the Company redeemed 990,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock from the CEO of the Company at a redemption price equal to the stated value of $0.10 per share.

On March 10, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain accredited and institutional investors for the issuance and sale in a private placement of (i) 2,301,353 shares of common stock, (ii) 1,302,251 pre-funded warrants, with each pre-funded warrant exercisable for one share of common stock, and (iii) warrants to purchase up to 3,603,604 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock and accompanying warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.22, and each pre-funded warrant and accompanying warrant were sold together at a combined offering price of $2.219. The pre-funded warrants are immediately exercisable, at a nominal exercise price of $0.001, and may be exercised at any time until all of the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The warrants have an exercise price of $2.22 per share (subject to adjustment as set forth in the warrant), are exercisable upon issuance and will expire five years from the date of issuance. The private placement closed on March 14, 2022. In connection with the closing of the private placement, the exercise price of the warrants issued in the Company’s public offering that closed February 17, 2022, was reduced to $2.22, subject to further adjustment as set forth in such warrants.

On March 16, 2022, the Company issued 350,452 shares upon exercise of warrants with an exercise price of $2.22.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.