SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL INC - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number: 1-6615

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)


Delaware	95-2594729
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

26600 Telegraph Road, Suite 400
Southfield, Michigan	48033
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (248) 352-7300

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	SUP	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☒
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of October 28, 2022: 27,016,125

TABLE OF CONTENTS


					Page
PART I	-	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

		Item 1		Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1

				Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)	1

				Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2

				Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3

				Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4

				Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)	5

				Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

		Item 2	-	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24

		Item 3	-	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35

		Item 4	-	Controls and Procedures	35

PART II	-	OTHER INFORMATION

		Item 1	-	Legal Proceedings	36

		Item 1A	-	Risk Factors	36

		Item 2	-	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	36

		Item 5	-	Other Information	36

		Item 6	-	Exhibits	37

		Signatures			38

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
NET SALES	$	405,725		$	310,780		$	1,237,783		$	1,016,440
Cost of sales		377,368			292,637			1,126,212			922,637
GROSS PROFIT		28,357			18,143			111,571			93,803
Selling, general and administrative expenses		16,097			10,769			49,768			45,190
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		12,260			7,374			61,803			48,613
Interest expense, net		(10,406	)		(10,619	)		(30,706	)		(31,378	)
Other (expense) income, net		(239	)		(2,094	)		355			(6,028	)
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES		1,615			(5,339	)		31,452			11,207
Income tax provision		(1,966	)		(1,841	)		(10,889	)		(3,570	)
NET (LOSS) INCOME	$	(351	)	$	(7,180	)	$	20,563		$	7,637
LOSS PER SHARE – BASIC	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.69	)
LOSS PER SHARE – DILUTED	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.69	)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
Net (loss) income	$	(351	)	$	(7,180	)	$	20,563		$	7,637
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation loss		(8,335	)		(9,068	)		(17,946	)		(16,336	)
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments:
Change in fair value of derivatives		4,688			(7,735	)		6,034			290
Tax benefit (provision)		2,403			851			2,295			(189	)
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax		7,091			(6,884	)		8,329			101
Defined benefit pension plan:
Amortization of actuarial losses on pension obligation		83			96			249			290
Tax benefit		—			—			—			—
Pension changes, net of tax		83			96			249			290
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(1,161	)		(15,856	)		(9,368	)		(15,945	)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(1,512	)	$	(23,036	)	$	11,195		$	(8,308	)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	121,841		$	113,473
Accounts receivable, net		135,038			83,447
Inventories, net		194,298			172,099
Income taxes receivable		4,525			4,957
Other current assets		32,880			30,279
Total current assets		488,582			404,255
Property, plant and equipment, net		450,869			494,401
Deferred income tax assets, net		25,896			27,715
Intangibles, net		51,630			76,870
Other non-current assets		55,861			50,906
Total assets	$	1,072,838		$	1,054,147
LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	201,697		$	153,197
Short-term debt		5,335			6,081
Accrued expenses		77,653			71,525
Income taxes payable		1,645			1,076
Total current liabilities		286,330			231,879
Long-term debt (less current portion)		566,416			602,355
Non-current income tax liabilities		8,280			8,289
Deferred income tax liabilities, net		4,851			3,913
Other non-current liabilities		70,790			77,089
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 16)		—			—
Mezzanine equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized - 1,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding – 150,000 shares outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021		216,805			199,897
European non-controlling redeemable equity		983			1,146
Shareholders’ deficit:
Common stock, $0.01 par value
Authorized - 100,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding – 27,016,125 and 26,163,077 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021		107,968			103,214
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(135,342	)		(125,974	)
Retained earnings		(54,243	)		(47,661	)
Total shareholders’ deficit		(81,617	)		(70,421	)
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ deficit	$	1,072,838		$	1,054,147

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	20,563		$	7,637
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		69,068			75,446
Income tax, non-cash changes		3,637			(4,198	)
Stock-based compensation		6,542			6,844
Amortization of debt issuance costs		3,702			3,195
Other non-cash items		(1,727	)		(10,710	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(57,430	)		(47,899	)
Inventories		(37,054	)		(66,513	)
Other assets and liabilities		1,883			14,538
Accounts payable		64,131			7,181
Income taxes		1,116			(99	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES		74,431			(14,578	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to property, plant, and equipment		(45,710	)		(47,571	)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets		150			6,589
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES		(45,560	)		(40,982	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		—			1,658
Repayments of debt		(3,572	)		(3,569	)
Cash dividends paid		(10,245	)		(10,140	)
Financing costs paid and other		—			(4,339	)
Payments related to tax withholdings for stock-based compensation		(1,788	)		(1,473	)
Finance lease payments		(805	)		(1,012	)
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES		(16,410	)		(18,875	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(4,093	)		(1,871	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		8,368			(76,306	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period		113,473			152,423
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period	$	121,841		$	76,117

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
	Number of Shares		Amount		Unrecognized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments			Pension Obligations			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Retained Earnings			Total
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2021		26,163,077	$	103,214	$	(9,051	)	$	(6,133	)	$	(110,790	)	$	(47,661	)	$	(70,421	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			20,563			20,563
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax		—		—		8,329			—			—			—			8,329
Change in defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		—			249			—			—			249
Net foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			(17,946	)		—			(17,946	)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		853,048		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		4,754		—			—			—			—			4,754
Redeemable preferred 9% dividend and accretion		—		—		—			—			—			(27,103	)		(27,103	)
European non-controlling redeemable equity dividend		—		—		—			—			—			(42	)		(42	)
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2022		27,016,125	$	107,968	$	(722	)	$	(5,884	)	$	(128,736	)	$	(54,243	)	$	(81,617	)

For the three months ended September 30, 2022
	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
	Number of Shares		Amount		Unrecognized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments			Pension Obligations			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Retained Earnings			Total
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2022		27,016,125	$	106,078	$	(7,813	)	$	(5,967	)	$	(120,401	)	$	(44,680	)	$	(72,783	)
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—			(351	)		(351	)
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax		—		—		7,091			—			—			—			7,091
Change in defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		—			83			—			—			83
Net foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			(8,335	)		—			(8,335	)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		1,890		—			—			—			—			1,890
Redeemable preferred 9% dividend and accretion		—		—		—			—			—			(9,192	)		(9,192	)
European non-controlling redeemable equity dividend		—		—		—			—			—			(20	)		(20	)
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2022		27,016,125	$	107,968	$	(722	)	$	(5,884	)	$	(128,736	)	$	(54,243	)	$	(81,617	)


For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
	Number of Shares		Amount		Unrecognized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments			Pension Obligations			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Retained Earnings			Total
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2020		25,591,930	$	95,247	$	(1,738	)	$	(7,447	)	$	(90,261	)	$	(17,323	)	$	(21,522	)
Net income		—		—		—			—			—			7,637			7,637
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax		—		—		101			—			—			—			101
Change in defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		—			290			—			—			290
Net foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			(16,336	)		—			(16,336	)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		556,867		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		5,371		—			—			—			—			5,371
Redeemable preferred 9% dividend and accretion		—		—		—			—			—			(25,310	)		(25,310	)
European non-controlling redeemable equity dividend		—		—		—			—			—			(134	)		(134	)
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2021		26,148,797	$	100,618	$	(1,637	)	$	(7,157	)	$	(106,597	)	$	(35,130	)	$	(49,903	)

For the three months ended September 30, 2021
	Common Stock				Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
	Number of Shares		Amount		Unrecognized Gains (Losses) on Derivative Instruments			Pension Obligations			Cumulative Translation Adjustment			Retained Earnings			Total
BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 2021		26,107,462	$	98,236	$	5,247		$	(7,253	)	$	(97,529	)	$	(19,256	)	$	(20,555	)
Net loss		—		—		—			—			—			(7,180	)		(7,180	)
Change in unrecognized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of tax		—		—		(6,884	)		—			—			—			(6,884	)
Change in defined benefit plans, net of tax		—		—		—			96			—			—			96
Net foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—			—			(9,068	)		—			(9,068	)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes		41,335		—		—			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation		—		2,382		—			—			—			—			2,382
Redeemable preferred 9% dividend and accretion		—		—		—			—			—			(8,598	)		(8,598	)
European non-controlling redeemable equity dividend		—		—		—			—			—			(96	)		(96	)
BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2021		26,148,797	$	100,618	$	(1,637	)	$	(7,157	)	$	(106,597	)	$	(35,130	)	$	(49,903	)

The accompanying unaudited notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Superior Industries International, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Nature of Operations

Superior Industries International, Inc.’s (referred herein as the “Company,” “Superior,” or “we” and “our”) principal business is the design and manufacture of aluminum wheels for sale to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in North America and Europe and to the aftermarket in Europe. We employ approximately 7,600 full-time employees, operating in eight manufacturing facilities in North America and Europe. We are one of the largest aluminum wheel suppliers to global OEMs and we believe we are the #1 European aluminum wheel aftermarket manufacturer and supplier. Our OEM aluminum wheels accounted for approximately 94 percent of our sales in the first nine months of 2022 and are primarily sold for factory installation on vehicle models manufactured by BMW (including Mini), Ford, GM, Honda, Jaguar-Land Rover, Lucid Motors, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz Group, Nissan, PSA, Renault, Stellantis, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, VW Group (Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Porsche, Bentley) and Volvo. We sell aluminum wheels to the European aftermarket under the brands ATS, RIAL, ALUTEC and ANZIO. North America and Europe represent the principal markets for our products, but we have a diversified global customer base consisting of North American, European and Asian OEMs. We have determined that our North American and European operations should be treated as separate reportable segments as further described in Note 5, “Business Segments.”

Presentation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, in our opinion, include all adjustments, of a normal and recurring nature, which are necessary for fair presentation of the financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto filed with the SEC in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Interim financial reporting standards require us to make estimates that are based on assumptions regarding the outcome of future events and circumstances not known at that time. Inevitably, some assumptions will not materialize, unanticipated events or circumstances may occur which vary from those estimates and such variations may significantly affect our future results. Additionally, interim results may not be indicative of our results for future interim periods or our annual results.

Cash Paid for Interest and Taxes and Non-Cash Investing Activities

Cash paid for interest was $23.9 million and $23.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Net cash paid for income taxes was $6.1 million and $8.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, $5.5 million and $10.8 million, respectively, of equipment had been purchased but not yet paid and was included in accounts payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

ASU 2021-10, “Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance.” As of January 1, 2022, we have adopted this standard on a prospective basis. The standard requires entities to disclose information about any transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution accounting model by analogy. Disclosures under ASU 2021-10 include: information about the nature of the transactions and the related accounting policy used to account for the transactions, the financial statement line items affected by the transactions, the amounts applicable to each financial statement line item and significant terms and conditions of the transactions, including commitments and contingencies. The adoption of this accounting standard did not have a material effect on our financial statements or disclosures since we have not received any significant governmental assistance.

Accounting Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted

Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2016-13 which requires entities to use a

new impairment model based on current expected credit losses (“CECL”) rather than incurred losses. Under CECL, estimated credit losses would incorporate relevant information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts and any expected credit losses would be recognized at the end of the period. As a smaller reporting company (as defined under SEC regulations), the Company is required to adopt the standard January 1, 2023. We do not expect that adoption of the standard will result in any cumulative adjustment nor have any material effect on our financial statements or disclosures since our credit losses have been immaterial due to the financial strength of our OEM customers and relatively short term nature of any credit extended to our OEM or aftermarket customers based on our standard payment terms.

Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations.” In September 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2022-04 which requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose the key terms of the program, including a description of the payment terms. For the obligations that the buyer has confirmed as valid to the finance provider or intermediary, the buyer must disclose: the amount outstanding that remains unpaid by the buyer as of the end of each year, a description of where those obligations are presented in the balance sheet and a rollforward of those obligations during the year, including the amount of obligations confirmed and the amount of obligations subsequently paid. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. We are evaluating the impact the standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

NOTE 2 – REVENUE

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into our reportable segments, North America and Europe. Revenues by segment for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively, are summarized in Note 5, “Business Segments.”

The opening and closing balances of the Company’s customer receivables and current and long-term contract liabilities balances are as follows:


(Dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		Change
Customer receivables	$	120,957	$	74,887	$	46,070
Contract liabilities—current		4,954		6,887		(1,933	)
Contract liabilities—non-current		7,249		10,526		(3,277	)

NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as an asset impairment. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short period of time until maturity.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Our derivatives are over-the-counter customized derivative instruments and are not exchange traded. We estimate the fair value of these instruments using the income valuation approach. Under this approach, we project future cash flows and discount the future amounts to a present value using market-based expectations for interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and the contractual terms of the derivative instruments. The discount rate used is the relevant benchmark rate (e.g., SOFR) plus an adjustment for non-performance risk.

The following tables categorize items measured at fair value as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


			Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
September 30, 2022			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Derivative contracts	$	23,387	$	—	$	23,387	$	—
Total	$	23,387	$	—	$	23,387	$	—
Liabilities					.
Derivative contracts	$	23,610	$	—	$	23,610	$	—
Total	$	23,610	$	—	$	23,610	$	—


			Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
December 31, 2021			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Derivative contracts	$	10,362	$	—	$	10,362	$	—
Total	$	10,362	$	—	$	10,362	$	—
Liabilities					.
Derivative contracts	$	19,711	$	—	$	19,711	$	—
Total	$	19,711	$	—	$	19,711	$	—

Debt Instruments

The carrying values of the Company’s debt instruments vary from their fair values. The fair values were determined by reference to transacted prices and quotes for these instruments (Level 2). The estimated fair value, as well as the carrying value, of the Company’s debt instruments are shown below:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Estimated aggregate fair value	$	514,804	$	605,874
Aggregate carrying value (1)		577,437		616,215

(1)

Total debt excluding the impact of unamortized debt issuance costs.

NOTE 4 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

We use derivatives to partially offset our exposure to foreign currency, interest rate, aluminum and other commodity price risks. We may enter into forward contracts, option contracts, swaps, collars or other derivative instruments to offset some of the risk on expected future cash flows and on certain existing assets and liabilities. However, we may choose not to hedge certain exposures for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, accounting considerations and the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures. There can be no assurance the hedges will fully offset the financial impact resulting from movements in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and aluminum or other commodity prices.

To help mitigate gross margin fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain of our subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar or the Euro, hedge a portion of their forecasted foreign currency costs denominated in the Mexican Peso and Polish Zloty, respectively. We may hedge portions of our forecasted foreign currency exposure up to 48 months.

We account for our derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and adjust them to fair value each period. For derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows and are designated as cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) or loss in shareholders’ equity or deficit until the hedged item is recognized in earnings, at which point accumulated gains or losses are recognized in earnings and

classified with the underlying hedged transaction. Derivatives that do not qualify or have not been designated as hedges are adjusted to fair value through earnings in the financial statement line item to which the derivative relates.

The following tables display the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:


	September 30, 2022
	Other Current Assets		Other Non-current Assets		Accrued Liabilities		Other Non-current Liabilities
(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments	$	7,195	$	6,864	$	6,219	$	14,506
Foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments		181		—		565		—
Aluminum forward contracts designated as hedging instruments		—		—		2,081		—
Natural gas forward contracts designated as hedging instruments		1,552		1,861		161		78
Interest rate swap contracts designated as hedging instruments		2,654		3,080		—		—
Total derivative financial instruments	$	11,582	$	11,805	$	9,026	$	14,584


	December 31, 2021
	Other Current Assets		Other Non-current Assets		Accrued Liabilities		Other Non-current Liabilities
(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments	$	3,161	$	2,194	$	1,845	$	13,565
Foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments		579		—		3		—
Aluminum forward contracts designated as hedging instruments		2,677		39		—		—
Natural gas forward contracts designated as hedging instruments		1,294		418		135		276
Interest rate swap contracts designated as hedging instruments		—		—		3,887		—
Total derivative financial instruments	$	7,711	$	2,651	$	5,870	$	13,841

The following table summarizes the notional amount and estimated fair value of our derivative financial instruments:


	September 30, 2022					December 31, 2021
	Notional U.S. Dollar Amount		Fair Value			Notional U.S. Dollar Amount		Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Foreign exchange forward contracts designated as hedging instruments	$	482,559	$	(6,666	)	$	458,769	$	(10,055	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts not designated as hedging instruments		22,219		(384	)		24,419		576
Aluminum forward contracts designated as hedging instruments		16,049		(2,081	)		37,609		2,716
Natural gas forward contracts designated as hedging instruments		12,148		3,174			8,915		1,301
Interest rate swap contracts designated as hedging instruments		400,000		5,734			200,000		(3,887	)
Total derivative financial instruments	$	932,975	$	(223	)	$	729,712	$	(9,349	)

Notional amounts are presented on a net basis. The notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments do not represent amounts exchanged by the parties and, therefore, are not a direct measure of our exposure to the financial risks described above. The amounts exchanged are calculated by reference to the notional amounts and by other terms of the derivatives, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or commodity prices.

The following tables summarize the gain or loss recognized in AOCI, the amounts reclassified from AOCI into earnings and the amounts recognized directly into earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


Three Months Ended September 30, 2022	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives		Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Contracts	$	7,091	$	2,578	$	(157	)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives		Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Contracts	$	8,329	$	11,913	$	512


Three Months Ended September 30, 2021	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives			Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Contracts	$	(6,884	)	$	1,731	$	(219	)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivatives			Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income		Amount of Pre-tax Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivative Contracts	$	101		$	2,050	$	(1,485	)

NOTE 5 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The North American and European businesses represent separate operating segments in view of significantly different markets, customers and products in each of these regions. Within each of these regions, markets, customers, products, and production processes are similar. Moreover, our business within each region generally leverages common systems, processes and infrastructure. Accordingly, North America and Europe comprise the Company’s reportable segments.


	Net Sales				Income from Operations
Three Months Ended	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
North America	$	240,340	$	180,496	$	10,526	$	12,581
Europe		165,385		130,284		1,734		(5,207	)
	$	405,725	$	310,780	$	12,260	$	7,374

	Depreciation and Amortization				Capital Expenditures
Three Months Ended	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
North America	$	9,255	$	8,732	$	6,762	$	10,223
Europe		12,605		15,744		4,660		16,797
	$	21,860	$	24,476	$	11,422	$	27,020


	Net Sales				Income from Operations
Nine Months Ended	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
North America	$	727,215	$	549,457	$	54,772	$	37,964
Europe		510,568		466,983		7,031		10,649
	$	1,237,783	$	1,016,440	$	61,803	$	48,613

	Depreciation and Amortization				Capital Expenditures
Nine Months Ended	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
North America	$	27,269	$	27,453	$	30,904	$	18,330
Europe		41,799		47,993		14,806		29,241
	$	69,068	$	75,446	$	45,710	$	47,571


	Property, Plant and Equipment, net				Intangible Assets
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
North America	$	215,424	$	214,331	$	—	$	—
Europe		235,445		280,070		51,630		76,870
	$	450,869	$	494,401	$	51,630	$	76,870


	Total Assets
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
North America	$	564,659	$	499,988
Europe		508,179		554,159
	$	1,072,838	$	1,054,147

Geographic information

Net sales and long-lived assets by location are as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales:
U.S.	$	1,327	$	2,832	$	4,277	$	5,651
Mexico		239,013		177,664		722,938		543,806
Germany		46,885		43,084		149,008		166,483
Poland		118,500		87,200		361,560		300,500
Consolidated net sales	$	405,725	$	310,780	$	1,237,783	$	1,016,440


					September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Property, plant and equipment, net
U.S.					$	1,457	$	2,152
Mexico						213,967		212,179
Germany						70,252		76,849
Poland						165,193		203,221
Property, plant and equipment, net					$	450,869	$	494,401

NOTE 6 - INVENTORIES


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Raw materials	$	53,010	$	47,392
Work in process		62,476		54,891
Finished goods		78,812		69,816
Inventories, net	$	194,298	$	172,099

Service wheel and supplies inventory included in other non-current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets totaled $10.9 million and $9.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

NOTE 7 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT


	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Land and buildings	$	123,049		$	129,826
Machinery and equipment		835,105			861,097
Leasehold improvements and others		7,474			9,831
Construction in progress		73,437			67,529
		1,039,065			1,068,283
Accumulated depreciation		(588,196	)		(573,882	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	450,869		$	494,401

Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $17.3 million and $52.7 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $17.9 million and $55.5 million, respectively.

NOTE 8 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized in the following table.


As of September 30, 2022	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Currency Translation			Net Carrying Amount		Remaining Weighted Average Amortization Period
(Dollars in thousands)
Brand name	$	9,000	$	(9,174	)	$	174		$	—		—
Technology		15,000		(15,290	)		290			—		—
Customer relationships		167,000		(109,949	)		(5,421	)		51,630	1-6
Total finite-lived intangibles	$	191,000	$	(134,413	)	$	(4,957	)	$	51,630


Year Ended December 31, 2021	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Currency Translation		Net Carrying Amount		Remaining Weighted Average Amortization Period
(Dollars in thousands)
Brand name	$	9,000	$	(8,503	)	$	258	$	755	1-2
Technology		15,000		(14,172	)		430	$	1,258	2
Customer relationships		167,000		(95,540	)		3,397	$	74,857	2-7
Total finite-lived intangibles	$	191,000	$	(118,215	)	$	4,085	$	76,870

Amortization expense for these intangible assets was $4.5 million and $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $16.3 million and $19.9 million, respectively. The anticipated annual amortization expense for these intangible assets is $19.4 million for 2022, $17.7 million for 2023 and 2024, $8.7 million for 2025, and $2.3 million for 2026.

NOTE 9 – DEBT

A summary of long-term debt and the related weighted average interest rates is shown below:


	September 30, 2022
Debt Instrument	Total Debt		Debt Issuance Costs (1)			Total Debt, Net			Weighted Average Interest Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Term Loan Facility	$	349,200	$	(2,982	)	$	346,218			7.1	%
6.00% Senior Notes		213,035		(2,704	)		210,331			6.0	%
European CapEx loans		12,801		—			12,801			2.3	%
Finance leases		2,401		—			2,401			2.8	%
	$	577,437	$	(5,686	)		571,751
Less: Current portion							(5,335	)
Long-term debt						$	566,416


	December 31, 2021
Debt Instrument	Total Debt		Debt Issuance Costs (1)			Total Debt, Net			Weighted Average Interest Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Term Loan Facility	$	349,200	$	(4,338	)	$	344,862			4.1	%
6.00% Senior Notes		245,809		(3,441	)		242,368			6.0	%
European CapEx loans		18,595		—			18,595			2.3	%
Finance leases		2,611		—			2,611			2.8	%
	$	616,215	$	(7,779	)		608,436
Less: Current portion							(6,081	)
Long-term debt						$	602,355

(1)

Unamortized portion

Senior Notes

On June 15, 2017, the Company issued €250 million aggregate principal amount of 6 percent Senior Notes (“Notes”) due June 15, 2025. Interest on the Notes is payable semiannually, on June 15 and December 15. The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at a redemption price of 100 percent, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the applicable redemption date. If we experience a change of control or sell certain assets, the Company may be required to offer to purchase the Notes from the holders. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations ranking equally in right of payment with all of its existing and future senior indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any subordinated indebtedness. The Notes are effectively subordinated in right of payment to the existing and future secured indebtedness of the Company, including the USD Senior Secured Credit Facilities (as defined below), to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness.

Guarantee

The Notes are unconditionally guaranteed by all material wholly-owned direct and indirect domestic restricted subsidiaries of the Company (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”), with customary exceptions including, among other things, where providing such guarantees is not permitted by law, regulation or contract, or would result in adverse tax consequences.

Covenants

Subject to certain exceptions, the indenture governing the Notes contains restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to: (i) incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred stock; (ii) pay dividends on, or make distributions in respect of, their capital stock; (iii) make certain investments or other restricted payments; (iv) sell certain assets or issue capital stock of restricted subsidiaries; (v) create liens; (vi) merge, consolidate, transfer or dispose of substantially all of their assets; and (vii) engage in certain transactions with affiliates. These covenants are subject to several important limitations and exceptions that are described in the indenture.

The indenture provides for customary events of default that include, among other things (subject in certain cases to customary grace and cure periods): (i) nonpayment of principal, premium, if any, and interest, when due; (ii) failure for 60 days to comply with any obligations, covenants or agreements in the indenture after receipt of written notice from the Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch (“the Trustee”) or holders of at least 30 percent in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes of such failure (other than defaults referred to in the foregoing clause (i)); (iii) default under any mortgage, indenture or instrument for money borrowed by the Company or certain of its subsidiaries, (iv) a failure to pay certain judgments; and (iv) certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or holders of at least 30 percent in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may declare the principal, premium, if any, and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Notes to be due and payable. These events of default are subject to several important qualifications, limitations and exceptions that are described in the indenture. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the indenture governing the Notes.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On March 22, 2017, the Company entered into a senior secured credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) with certain banks and other lenders. The Credit Agreement consisted of a $400.0 million senior secured term loan facility (“Term Loan Facility”), which matures on May 23, 2024, and a $160.0 million revolving credit facility originally maturing on May 23, 2022 (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), together with the Term Loan Facility, the USD Senior Secured Credit Facilities (“USD SSCF”). On May 3, 2021, the Company extended the term of the Revolving Credit Facility under its USD SSCF and reduced the commitment under the facility from $160.0 million to $132.5 million, with $25.0 million of the commitment maturing May 23, 2022 and the remaining $107.5 million maturing October 31, 2023. The commitment remaining under the USD SSCF was $107.5 million as of September 30, 2022 following the $25.0 million maturity on May 23, 2022. The extension was treated as a modification of the revolving credit facility and the related debt issuance costs have been recognized as a deferred charge in other non-current assets and are being amortized ratably over the remaining term of the extended facility.

Borrowings under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) LIBOR for the relevant interest period, adjusted for statutory requirements, subject to a floor of 0.00 percent per annum, plus an applicable rate of 4.00 percent or (b) a base rate, subject to a floor of 2.00 percent per annum, equal to the highest of (1) the rate of interest in effect as publicly announced by the administrative agent as its prime rate, (2) the federal funds rate plus 0.50 percent and (3) LIBOR for an interest period of one month plus 1.00 percent, in each case, plus an applicable rate of 3.00 percent.

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (a) LIBOR for the relevant interest period, with a floor of 0.00 percent per annum, plus the applicable rate or (b) a base rate, with a floor of 0.00 percent, equal to the highest of (1) the rate of interest in effect as publicly announced by the administrative agent as its prime rate, (2) the

federal funds effective rate plus 0.50 percent and (3) LIBOR for an interest period of one month plus 1.00 percent, in each case, plus the applicable rate. The applicable rates for borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are based upon the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio effective for the preceding quarter, with LIBOR applicable rates ranging between 3.50 percent and 3.00 percent, currently 3.00 percent, and base rate applicable rates ranging between 2.50 percent and 2.00 percent, currently 2.00 percent. Commitment fees for the unused commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility are also based upon the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio, effective for the preceding quarter, and range between 0.50 percent and 0.25 percent for the commitment maturing May 23, 2022, currently 0.25 percent, and between 0.625 percent and 0.375 percent for the remaining commitment maturing October 31, 2023, currently 0.375 percent. Commitment fees are included in interest expense.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had repaid $50.8 million under the Term Loan Facility resulting in a balance of $349.2 million. In addition, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, outstanding letters of credit of $4.8 million and available unused commitments under this facility of $102.7 million as of September 30, 2022.

Guarantees and Collateral Security

Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unconditionally guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors, with customary exceptions including, among other things, where providing such guarantees is not permitted by law, regulation or contract or would result in adverse tax consequences. The guarantees of such obligations, will be secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by substantially all of our assets and the Subsidiary Guarantors’ assets, including but not limited to: (i) a perfected pledge of all of the capital stock issued by each of the Subsidiary Guarantors (subject to certain exceptions) and up to 65 percent of the capital stock issued by each direct wholly-owned foreign restricted subsidiary of the Company (subject to certain exceptions) and (ii) perfected security interests in and mortgages on substantially all tangible and intangible personal property and material fee-owned real property of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors (subject to certain exceptions and exclusions).

Covenants

The Credit Agreement contains a number of restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness, create or incur liens, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, make investments, acquisitions, loans or advances, pay dividends, distributions or other restricted payments, or repurchase our capital stock. The Credit Agreement also restricts our ability to prepay, redeem, or repurchase any subordinated indebtedness, enter into agreements which limit our ability to incur liens on our assets or that restrict the ability of restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other restricted payments to us, and enter into certain transactions with our affiliates. Solely with respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, the Credit Agreement also requires a Total Net Leverage Ratio (calculated as defined in the Credit Agreement) of not more than 4.5 to 1.0 as of each fiscal quarter-end.

In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary default provisions, representations and warranties and other covenants. The Credit Agreement also contains a provision permitting the Lenders to accelerate the repayment of all loans outstanding under the USD SSCF during an event of default. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

European Debt

In connection with the acquisition of UNIWHEELS AG, the Company assumed $70.7 million of outstanding debt. At September 30, 2022, $3.9 million of the assumed debt remained outstanding. This debt matures March 31, 2024 and is collateralized by financed equipment, guaranteed by Superior and bears interest at 2.2 percent. Covenants under the loan agreement include a default provision for non-payment, as well as a material adverse change default provision pursuant to which the lender could accelerate the loan maturity. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the loan agreement.

During the second quarter of 2021, the Company amended its European Revolving Credit Facility (“EUR SSCF”), extending the term to May 22, 2023 and increasing the applicable margin and commitment fees, while maintaining the €60.0 million commitment. All other terms of the EUR SSCF remained unchanged. At September 30, 2022, the Company had no borrowings outstanding, outstanding letters of credit of $0.4 million (€0.4 million) and available unused commitments under this facility of $58.5 million (€59.6 million). The EUR SSCF bears interest at Euribor (with a floor of 0.00 percent) plus a margin (ranging from 2.05 percent to 3.50 percent based on the net debt leverage ratio of Superior Industries Europe AG and its wholly owned subsidiaries, collectively “Superior Europe AG”), currently 2.05 percent. The annual commitment fee for unused commitments (ranging from 0.625 percent to 1.225 percent based on the net debt leverage ratio of Superior Europe AG) is currently 0.625 percent per annum. In addition, a management fee is assessed equal to 0.07 percent of borrowings outstanding at each month end. The commitment fee is included in interest expense. Superior Europe AG has pledged substantially all of its assets, including land and buildings, receivables, inventory, and other moveable assets (other than collateral associated with equipment loans) as collateral under the EUR SSCF.

The EUR SSCF is subject to a number of restrictive covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the ability of Superior Europe AG to incur additional indebtedness and guarantee indebtedness, create or incur liens, engage in mergers or consolidations, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, make investments, acquisitions, loans or advances, pay dividends or distributions, or repurchase our capital stock, prepay, redeem, or repurchase any subordinated indebtedness, and enter into agreements which limit our ability to incur liens on our assets. In addition, the EUR SSCF includes an annual pay down provision requiring outstanding balances to be repaid but not reborrowed for a period of three business days and a material adverse change default provision pursuant to which the lender could accelerate the loan maturity. At September 30, 2022, Superior Europe AG was in compliance with all covenants under the EUR SSCF.

The balance of certain post-acquisition equipment loans was $8.9 million as of September 30, 2022. The loans bear interest at 2.3 percent, mature September 30, 2027 and require quarterly principal and interest payments. The loans are secured with liens on the financed equipment and are subject to covenants that, among other things, include a material adverse change default provision pursuant to which the lender could accelerate the loan maturity, as well as a provision that restricts the ability of Superior Europe AG to reduce its ownership interest in Superior Industries Production Germany GmbH, its wholly owned subsidiary, and the borrower under the loan. The Company drew down €10.6 million on these equipment loans in the first quarter of 2020 and drew the remaining €1.4 million in the first quarter of 2021. Quarterly installment payments of $0.5 million (€0.5 million) under the loan agreements began in June of 2021. At September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the loans.

Debt maturities as of September 30, 2022, which are due in the next five years and thereafter, are as follows:


Debt Maturities	Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
Three remaining months of 2022	$	2,021
2023		5,110
2024		352,087
2025		215,090
2026		1,877
Thereafter		1,252
Total debt liabilities	$	577,437

NOTE 10 - REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK

During 2017, we issued 150,000 shares of Series A (140,202 shares) and Series B (9,798 shares) Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share for $150.0 million. On August 30, 2017, the Series B shares were converted into Series A redeemable preferred stock, the “redeemable preferred stock,” after approval by our shareholders. The redeemable preferred stock has an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, par value of $0.01 per share and liquidation preference over common stock.

The redeemable preferred stock is convertible into shares of our common stock equal to the number of shares determined by dividing the sum of the stated value and any accrued and unpaid dividends by the conversion price of $28.162. The redeemable preferred stock accrues dividends at a rate of 9.0 percent per annum, payable at our election either in-kind or in cash and is also entitled to participate in dividends on common stock in an amount equal to that which would have been due had the shares been converted into common stock.

We may mandate conversion of the redeemable preferred stock if the price of the common stock exceeds $84.49. The holder may redeem the shares upon the occurrence of any of the following events (referred to as a “redemption event”): a change in control, recapitalization, merger, sale of substantially all of the Company’s assets, liquidation or delisting of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the holder has the right, at its option, to unconditionally redeem the shares at any time after September 14, 2025. We may, at our option, redeem in whole at any time all of the shares of redeemable preferred stock outstanding. At redemption by either party, the redemption value will be the greater of two times the initial face value ($150.0 million) and any accrued unpaid dividends or dividends paid-in-kind, currently $300.0 million, or the product of the number of common shares into which the redeemable preferred stock could be converted (5.3 million shares currently) and the then current market price of the common stock. We have determined that the conversion option and the redemption option exercisable upon occurrence of a “redemption event” which are embedded in the redeemable preferred stock must be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability.

Since the redeemable preferred stock may be redeemed at the option of the holder, but is not mandatorily redeemable, the redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $150.0 million (the proceeds on the date of issuance) less issuance costs of $3.7 million and $10.9 million assigned to the embedded derivative liability at date of issuance, resulting in an initial value of $135.5 million.

The difference between the redemption value of the redeemable preferred stock and the carrying value (the “premium”) is being accreted over the period from the date of issuance through September 14, 2025 using the effective interest method. The accretion is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to retained earnings and deducted in computing earnings per share (analogous to the treatment for stated and participating dividends paid on the redeemable preferred stock). The cumulative premium accretion as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $81.3 million and $64.4 million, respectively, resulting in adjusted redeemable preferred stock balances of $216.8 million and $199.9 million, respectively.

NOTE 11 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss), after deducting preferred dividends and accretion and European non-controlling redeemable equity dividends, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. For purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, the weighted average shares outstanding includes the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and time and performance based restricted stock units under the treasury stock method. The redeemable preferred shares discussed in Note 10, “Redeemable Preferred Stock” have not been included in the diluted earnings per share because the inclusion of such shares on an as converted basis would be anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Basic Earnings Per Share:
Net (loss) income	$	(351	)	$	(7,180	)	$	20,563		$	7,637
Less: Redeemable preferred stock dividends and accretion		(9,192	)		(8,598	)		(27,103	)		(25,310	)
Less: European non-controlling redeemable equity dividend		(20	)		(96	)		(42	)		(134	)
Basic numerator	$	(9,563	)	$	(15,874	)	$	(6,582	)	$	(17,807	)
Basic loss per share	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.69	)
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic		27,016			26,129			26,779			25,938
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Net (loss) income	$	(351	)	$	(7,180	)	$	20,563		$	7,637
Less: Redeemable preferred stock dividends and accretion		(9,192	)		(8,598	)		(27,103	)		(25,310	)
Less: European non-controlling redeemable equity dividend		(20	)		(96	)		(42	)		(134	)
Diluted numerator	$	(9,563	)	$	(15,874	)	$	(6,582	)	$	(17,807	)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.69	)
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic		27,016			26,129			26,779			25,938
Dilutive effect of common share equivalents		—			—			—			—
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted		27,016			26,129			26,779			25,938

NOTE 12 - INCOME TAXES

The estimated annual effective tax rate is forecasted quarterly using actual historical information and forward-looking estimates and applied to year-to-date ordinary income. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances, settlements with taxing authorities and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur.

The income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2.0 million and $10.9 million, respectively, on pre-tax income of $1.6 million and $31.5 million, resulting in effective income tax rates of 121.7 percent and 34.6 percent, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to valuation allowances, the reversal of an uncertain tax position and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions.

The income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1.8 million and $3.6 million, respectively, on a pre-tax loss of $5.3 million and pre-tax earnings of $11.2 million, resulting in effective income tax rates of (34.5) percent and 31.9 percent, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to U.S. valuation allowances and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to U.S. valuation allowances and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, partially offset by a favorable adjustment to a tax credit and reversal of an uncertain tax position.

NOTE 13 - LEASES

The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at the inception of the arrangement. Operating leases are included in other non-current assets, accrued expenses and other non-current liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net, short-term debt and long-term debt (less current portion) in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Finance and operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Since we generally do not have access to the interest rate implicit in the lease, the Company uses our incremental borrowing rate (for fully collateralized debt) at the inception of the lease in determining the present value of the lease payments. The implicit rate is, however, used where readily available. Lease expense under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain of our leases contain both lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for separately.

The Company has operating and finance leases for office facilities, a data center and certain equipment. The remaining terms of our leases range from over one year to seven years. Certain leases include options to extend the lease term for up to ten years, as well as options to terminate, both of which have been excluded from the term of the lease since exercise of these options is not reasonably certain.

Lease expense and cash flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 and operating and finance lease assets and liabilities, average lease term and average discount rate as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
Lease Expense
(Dollars in thousands)
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	258	$	335	$	831		$	1,006
Interest on lease liabilities		15		20		44			65
Operating lease expense		634		727		1,979			2,375
Total lease expense	$	907	$	1,082	$	2,854		$	3,446

Cash Flow Components
(Dollars in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from finance leases	$	15	$	20	$	44		$	65
Operating cash outflows from operating leases		641		884		2,110			2,687
Financing cash outflows from finance leases		258		367		805			1,012
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities, net of terminations and disposals		519		50		854			885
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities, net of terminations and disposals		45		76		277			284

					September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Balance Sheet Information
(Dollars in thousands, except lease term and discount rate)
Operating leases:
Other non-current assets					$	8,251		$	10,772
Accrued liabilities					$	(2,010	)	$	(2,371	)
Other non-current liabilities						(6,561	)		(8,860	)
Total operating lease liabilities					$	(8,571	)	$	(11,231	)

Finance leases:
Property, plant and equipment gross					$	7,449		$	6,603
Accumulated depreciation						(5,475	)		(4,644	)
Property, plant and equipment, net					$	1,974		$	1,959
Current portion of long-term debt					$	(916	)	$	(982	)
Long-term debt (less current portion)						(1,485	)		(1,629	)
Total finance lease liabilities					$	(2,401	)	$	(2,611	)

Lease Term and Discount Rates
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases (years)						3.4			3.4
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (years)						5.0			5.0
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases						2.8	%		2.8	%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases						3.6	%		3.6	%

Future minimum payments under our leases as of September 30, 2022 are as follows:


	Amount
Lease Maturities	Finance Leases			Operating Leases
(Dollars in thousands)
Three remaining months of 2022	$	916		$	814
2023		691			2,293
2024		431			2,038
2025		254			1,893
2026		146			1,758
Thereafter		62			476
Total		2,500			9,272
Less: Imputed interest		(99	)		(701	)
Total lease liabilities, net of interest	$	2,401		$	8,571

NOTE 14 – RETIREMENT PLANS

We have an unfunded salary continuation plan covering certain directors, officers and other key members of management. Subject to certain vesting requirements, the plan provides for a benefit based on final average compensation, which becomes payable on the employee’s death or upon attaining age 65, if retired. The plan was closed to new participants effective February 3, 2011.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, payments to retirees or their beneficiaries totaled approximately $1.1 million. We presently anticipate benefit payments in 2022 to total $1.4 million. The following table summarizes the components of net periodic pension cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest cost	$	218	$	206	$	654	$	618
Net amortization		83		96		249		290
Net periodic pension cost	$	301	$	302	$	903	$	908

NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Equity Incentive Plan

Our 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) was approved by stockholders in May 2018, authorizing us to issue up to 4.35 million shares of common stock, along with non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and performance restricted stock units to our officers, key employees, non-employee directors and consultants. In May 2021, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Plan that, among other things, increased the authorized shares by 2 million. At September 30, 2022, there were 0.2 million shares available for future grants under this Plan. It is our policy to issue shares from authorized but not issued shares upon the exercise of stock options.

Under the terms of the Plan, each year eligible participants are granted time value restricted stock units (“RSUs”), vesting ratably over a three-year period, and performance restricted stock units (“PSUs”), with three-year cliff vesting. Upon vesting, each restricted stock award is exchangeable for one share of the Company’s common stock, with accrued dividends.

RSU, PSU and option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is summarized in the following table:


	Equity Incentive Awards
	Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Performance Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Balance at December 31, 2021		966,429		$	4.62		2,484,581		$	6.67		9,000		$	16.76
Granted		515,491			3.93		667,345			5.33		—			—
Settled		(580,551	)		4.73		(719,659	)		6.68		—			—
Forfeited or expired		(4,570	)		3.77		(109,166	)		7.24		(9,000	)		16.76
Balance at September 30, 2022		896,799		$	4.16		2,323,101		$	6.26		—		$	—

Awards estimated to vest in the future		896,799		$	4.16		2,097,894		$	6.28		—		$	—

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $1.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Stock-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $6.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested awards of $9.1 million is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.7 years as of September 30, 2022.

NOTE 16 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Purchase Commitments

When market conditions warrant, we may enter into purchase commitments to secure the supply of certain commodities used in the manufacture of our products, such as aluminum, natural gas and other raw materials. Prices under our aluminum contracts are based on a market index and regional premiums for processing, transportation and alloy components which are adjusted quarterly for purchases in the ensuing quarter. Certain of our purchase agreements include volume commitments; however, any excess commitments are generally negotiated with suppliers and those which have occurred in the past have been carried over to future periods.

Contingencies

In March 2022, the German Federal Cartel Office initiated an investigation related to European light alloy wheel manufacturers, including Superior Industries Europe AG (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company), on suspicion of conduct restricting competition. The Company is cooperating fully with the German Federal Cartel Office. In the event Superior Industries Europe AG is deemed to have violated the applicable statutes, the Company could be subject to a fine or civil proceedings. At this point, we are unable to predict the duration or outcome of the investigation.

The Company purchases electricity and natural gas requirements for its manufacturing operations in Poland from a single energy distributor. On May 31, 2022, the energy distributor filed a motion to commence reorganization proceedings. The motion was approved by the reorganization court on June 21, 2022. The court appointed administrator filed a motion on behalf of the energy distributor to rescind its supply agreements with the Company, which the reorganization court approved on August 16, 2022. On August 23, 2022, the Company filed an appeal to contest the rescission of the supply agreements. The Company expects that a decision in the appeal may be rendered in November 2022. If the supply agreements are ultimately rescinded, the Company will have to pay market rates for its electricity and natural gas since price commitments under the existing supply agreements would no longer be in effect. If the appellate court affirms the rescission of the supply agreements, the Company believes that market rates would apply prospectively (after the date of the appellate decision), but no assurances can be given. In the alternative, the possible impact on the Company’s energy purchases through September 30, 2022 could be approximately $20.0 million. The Company would contest retroactive application of the rescission and believes that the court would not render its decision on this issue until late 2023. Furthermore, the Company believes retroactive application of the rescission is not probable and, therefore, we have not recognized any provision for this contingent loss in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022.

Superior and its energy distributor, as well as the parent company of the energy distributor, have filed various claims against one another. These claims generally request the court to determine whether Superior's energy contracts with the energy distributor were valid during the period December 2021 through May 2022. In December 2021, the Company’s energy distributor informed the

Company it would no longer supply energy, notwithstanding its contractual obligation to continue supply. Following a request from the Company, the court enjoined the energy distributor from terminating supply to the Company. In February 2022, the Company filed a claim requesting the court affirm the validity of the energy supply agreements, which contained favorable hedged purchase contracts. The energy distributor contested the Company’s validity claims. A hearing on the validity of the contracts will occur in November 2022. If the court concludes that the energy contracts were not valid during this period, Superior could be required to pay up to an additional $12.0 million for its energy purchases. Any such adverse judgment would be appealed by the Company. A final conclusion in this matter is anticipated to take 18-24 months. We have concluded that a ruling in favor of the claim is not probable and, therefore, we have not recognized any provision for this contingent loss in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022.

Casualty Loss

On July 21, 2021, the city of Werdohl, Germany and surrounding area experienced torrential rains which resulted in extensive flooding. The flooding caused damage to our Werdohl manufacturing facility and production was temporarily halted on July 14, 2021. On July 16, 2021, operations at the facility resumed with the exception of the paint line and certain machining operations, which were brought on-line later in the third quarter of 2021. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized a net casualty loss of $1.5 million which was included in other expense. There was only nominal disruption to our ability to fulfill orders and deliver product to our customers due to the expeditious resumption of operations at the facility.

NOTE 17 – RECEIVABLES FACTORING

The Company sells certain customer trade receivables on a non-recourse basis under factoring arrangements with designated financial institutions. These transactions are accounted for as sales and cash proceeds are included in cash provided by operating activities. Factoring arrangements incorporate customary representations and warranties, including representations as to validity of amounts due, completeness of performance obligations and absence of commercial disputes. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company sold trade receivables totaling $243.0 million and $174.4 million, respectively, and incurred factoring fees of $1.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company sold trade receivables totaling $697.7 million and $558.4 million, respectively, and incurred factoring fees of $2.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, receivables of $117.1 million and $97.6 million, respectively, had been factored and had not yet been paid by customers to the respective financial institutions. The collective limit under our factoring arrangements increased from $125.1 million as of December 31, 2021 to $145.1 million as of September 30, 2022.

NOTE 18 – RESTRUCTURING

During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company announced a reduction in its workforce at Werdohl, Germany. As a result, the Company recognized a restructuring charge of $4.5 million in cost of sales, principally comprised of termination and related benefits. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company paid severance and other costs of $1.0 million.

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company initiated a plan to significantly reduce production and manufacturing operations at its Fayetteville, Arkansas location, recognizing restructuring expenses of $14.8 million in cost of sales. On July 15, 2021, the Company consummated the sale of the Fayetteville facility for a net sales price of $7.1 million, resulting in a gain of $4.4 million which was credited against selling, general and administrative expenses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized additional charges to cost of sales of $0.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively, principally related to relocation costs for redeployed machinery and equipment and environmental remediation and repairs required under the sale agreement.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. We have included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”), and from time to time our management may make, statements that may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are based upon management’s current expectations, estimates, assumptions and beliefs concerning future events and conditions and may discuss, among other things, the impact of COVID-19 and the resulting supply chain disruptions, energy costs and semiconductor chip shortages, as well as the Ukraine Conflict, on our future growth and earnings. Any statement that is not historical in nature is a forward-looking statement and may be identified using words and phrases such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “will”, “will likely result”, “will continue”, “plans to”, “could”, “continue”, “estimates” and similar expressions. These statements include our belief regarding general automotive industry and market conditions and growth rates, as well as general domestic and international economic conditions.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are necessarily subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside the control of the Company, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements and from the Company’s historical results and experience. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, those described in Part I—Item 1A—“Risk Factors” and Part II—Item 7—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and Part I—Item 2—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Part II – Item 1A – “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and those described from time to time in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Readers are cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect future results and that the risks described herein should not be considered to be a complete list. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Executive Overview

Overview of Superior

Superior Industries International, Inc.’s (referred to herein as the “Company”, “Superior”, or “we” and “our”) principal business is the design and manufacture of aluminum wheels for sale to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in North America and Europe and to the aftermarket in Europe. We employ approximately 7,600 full-time employees, operating in eight manufacturing facilities in North America and Europe. We are one of the largest aluminum wheel suppliers to global OEMs and we believe we are the #1 European aluminum wheel aftermarket manufacturer and supplier. Our OEM aluminum wheels accounted for approximately 94 percent of our sales in the first nine months of 2022 and are primarily sold for factory installation on vehicle models manufactured by BMW (including Mini), Ford, GM, Honda, Jaguar-Land Rover, Lucid Motors, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz Group, Nissan, PSA, Renault, Stellantis, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, VW Group (Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Porsche, Bentley) and Volvo. We sell aluminum wheels to the European aftermarket under the brands ATS, RIAL, ALUTEC and ANZIO. North America and Europe represent the principal markets for our products, but we have a diversified global customer base consisting of North American, European and Asian OEMs.

Demand for our products is primarily driven by the production of light vehicles in North America and Europe and customer take rates on specific vehicle platforms that we serve and wheel SKUs that we produce. The majority of our customers’ wheel programs are awarded two to four years in advance. Our purchase orders with OEMs are typically specific to a particular vehicle model.

GM, Ford and VW Group each individually accounted for 10 percent or more of our consolidated sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021. Our sales to these customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:


Three Months Ended	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
(Dollars in millions)	Percent of Sales	Dollars		Percent of Sales	Dollars
GM	25%	$	100.2	26%	$	80.6
Ford	17%	$	70.1	11%	$	34.9
VW Group	14%	$	57.5	16%	$	49.3

Nine Months Ended	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
(Dollars in millions)	Percent of Sales	Dollars		Percent of Sales	Dollars
GM	27%	$	333.9	27%	$	268.1
Ford	16%	$	199.5	14%	$	142.8
VW Group	14%	$	168.0	13%	$	129.4

Industry Overview, Supply Chain Disruption and Ukraine Conflict

There is a broad range of factors which impact automotive industry sales and production volumes, including consumer demand and preferences, dealer inventory levels, labor relations issues, trade agreements, cost and availability of raw materials and components, fuel prices, regulatory requirements, government initiatives, availability and cost of credit, changing consumer attitudes toward vehicle ownership and other factors. Our sales are driven generally by overall automotive industry production volumes and, more specifically, by the volumes of the vehicles for which we supply wheels. In addition, larger diameter wheels and premium finishes command higher unit prices. Larger cars and light trucks, as well as premium vehicle platforms, such as luxury, sport utility and crossover vehicles, typically employ larger diameter wheels and premium finishes.

The automotive industry continues to be impacted by the supply chain disruption which emerged as OEM vehicle production resumed and began to scale following the shutdown because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The supply chain disruption includes shortages of semiconductor chips, electric vehicle batteries, shipping containers, steel, resin and foam. In the first nine months of 2022, the semiconductor chip shortage continued to constrain OEM vehicle production. In addition, the Ukraine Conflict has resulted in temporary shutdowns at certain OEM production facilities, which began to affect our production volume in March 2022. Cost inflation, particularly energy, experienced in the first nine months of 2022 is expected to continue due to high energy rates, particularly in Europe where our Polish energy contracts may be terminated as a consequence of our energy distributor commencing reorganization proceedings, as well as the Ukraine Conflict. If our Polish energy contracts are terminated, we will have to purchase energy at prevailing market prices which are substantially higher than previously committed contract prices. While the prices under our OEM contracts are adjusted for changes in the cost of aluminum and certain other costs, our aftermarket contracts do not provide such pass through of aluminum or other costs. Future increases in raw material costs and OEM production volatility may cause our inventory levels to increase, negatively impacting our cash flows.

Automotive industry production volumes in the North American and Western and Central European regions in the first nine months of 2022, as compared to the corresponding periods of 2021 and 2020, are shown below:


Automotive Industry Production (North America and Western and Central Europe)
Nine Months Ended	September 30,						2022 vs 2021			2021 vs 2020
	2022		2021		2020		% Change			% Change
(Units in thousands)
North America		10,790		9,754		9,173		10.6	%		6.3	%
Western and Central Europe		9,836		9,636		9,305		2.1	%		3.6	%
Total		20,626		19,390		18,478		6.4	%		4.9	%

Automotive industry production volumes in our markets increased modestly in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to 2021. While North American production volumes increased 10.6%, Western and Central European production volumes increased only 2.1% primarily due to continuing semiconductor chip shortages and the Ukraine Conflict. The Ukraine Conflict may continue to have an impact on future automotive production volumes and, therefore, Superior production volumes.

In February 2022, prior to the Ukraine Conflict, the forecast by IHS, an independent automotive industry analyst firm, projected that full year 2022 automotive passenger and light truck vehicle production in North America and Western and Central Europe would

increase 24.5 percent (17.9 percent in North America and 31.4 percent in Western and Central Europe) over 2021 but would lag 2019 pre-pandemic production volumes by 9.7 percent. The October 2022 IHS forecast now projects that the 2022 production will be 7.7 percent higher than 2021 (10.9 percent in North America and 4.5 percent in Western and Central Europe) but 18.2 percent lower than 2019. The IHS forecast projects that production volumes in North America and Western and Central Europe will increase 7.1 percent in 2023 (6.4 percent in North America and 7.9 percent in Western and Central Europe). While semiconductor manufacturers have announced plans to expand capacity over the next several years, it is unclear when automotive industry semiconductor chip shortages will subside.

Sustainability

Superior published our 2022 Sustainability Report on August 31, 2022. That report reflected the results of the materiality assessment Superior conducted in 2021 to identify the sustainability interests of our stakeholders to develop our sustainability strategy. Based on that input, Superior remains committed to reducing natural gas, electricity, and water consumption, solid waste and air emissions at our facilities. All Superior manufacturing plants have implemented Environmental Management Systems that are ISO14001 certified and are subject to annual audits by an independent third party.

Our 2022 Sustainability Report confirmed our goal to be carbon neutral by 2039 and reported the carbon footprint of our global operations. In 2021, we reduced our carbon footprint by approximately 9% and our emissions per pound of aluminum shipped by 18% versus 2020 levels. We continue to explore opportunities to:

•

reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and

•

offer low or zero carbon wheels to our customers.

Furthermore, our research and development team continues to develop light weighting solutions, such as our patented Alulite™ technology, and aerodynamic solutions that will assist in reducing our customers’ carbon footprint. We also collaborate with our customers and suppliers regarding sustainability practices throughout their supply chains.

Overview of the Third Quarter of 2022

The following charts show the operational performance in the quarter ended September 30, 2022 in comparison to the quarter ended September 30, 2021 ($ in millions):

SALES AND PROFITABILITY FOR THE 3RD QUARTER OF 2019 AND 2018 ($ in millions) Sales for 3rd Quarter 2019 & 2018 $352.0 $347.6 2019 2019 Income from Operations 3rd Quarter 2019 & 2018$(0.2) $7.7 2019 218 Net Income & Adjusted EBITDA* for 3rd Quarter 2019 & 2018 Net Income Adjusted EBITDA $38.9 $30.6 $(6.6) 2019 2018 * See the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this quarterly report for a reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income (Loss).

Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			Net Change
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net sales
North America	$	240,340		$	180,496		$	59,844
Europe		165,385			130,284			35,101
Net sales		405,725			310,780			94,945
Cost of sales		377,368			292,637			(84,731	)
Gross profit		28,357			18,143			10,214
Percentage of net sales		7.0	%		5.8	%		1.2	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		16,097			10,769			(5,328	)
Income from operations		12,260			7,374			4,886
Percentage of net sales		3.0	%		2.4	%		0.6	%
Interest expense, net		(10,406	)		(10,619	)		213
Other expense, net		(239	)		(2,094	)		1,855
Income tax provision		(1,966	)		(1,841	)		(125	)
Net loss	$	(351	)	$	(7,180	)	$	6,829
Percentage of net sales		(0.1	)%		(2.3	)%		2.2	%
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.61	)	$	0.26
Value added sales (1)	$	177,692		$	162,198		$	15,494
Value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange (1)	$	192,312		$	162,198		$	30,114
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	36,138		$	29,777		$	6,361
Percentage of net sales		8.9	%		9.6	%		(0.7	)%
Percentage of value added sales		20.3	%		18.4	%		1.9	%
Unit shipments in thousands		3,777			3,500			277

(1)

Value added sales and value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange are key measures that are not calculated according to U.S. GAAP. Refer to “Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition of value added sales and value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange and a reconciliation of value added sales and value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange to net sales, the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

(2)

Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure that is not calculated according to U.S. GAAP. Refer to “Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition of adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of our adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most comparable U.S. GAAP measure.

Shipments

Wheel unit shipments were 3.8 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to unit shipment volumes of 3.5 million for the same period in 2021, an increase of 7.9 percent. The increase was comprised of a 12.0 percent increase in unit shipment volumes in North America and 2.7 percent increase in European shipment volumes.

Net Sales

Net sales for the third quarter of 2022 were $405.7 million, compared to net sales of $310.8 million for the same period in 2021, an increase of 30.6 percent. The increase in revenue was due to higher aluminum and other cost pass throughs to our OEM customers of $79.4 million and $19.7 million attributable to higher unit shipment volumes and favorable product mix, offset by $18.8 million of unfavorable Euro foreign exchange.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was $377.3 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to cost of sales of $292.6 million for the same period in 2021. The $84.7 million increase in cost of sales was mainly due to higher raw material costs of $77.4 million and higher conversion costs of $14.8 million, as well as $17.4 million attributable to higher unit shipment volumes and product mix. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in cost of sales of $21.5 million due to foreign exchange primarily related to the Euro.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense was $16.1 million for the third quarter of 2022 as compared to SG&A expense of $10.8 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to the $4.4 million gain recognized on the sale of our Fayetteville, Arkansas facility in the third quarter of 2021.

Net Interest Expense

Net interest expense for the third quarter of 2022 was $10.4 million and was relatively flat as compared to net interest expense of $10.6 million for the same period in 2021.

Other Income (Expense)

Other expense, net, was $0.2 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $2.1 million for the same period in 2021. The $1.9 million decrease is primarily attributable to a net casualty loss of $1.5 million recognized in the third quarter of 2021 as the result of a flood that occurred at our Werdohl, Germany location in July of 2021.

Income Tax (Provision) Benefit

The income tax provision for the third quarter of 2022 was $2.0 million on pre-tax income of $1.6 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 121.7 percent. This differs from the statutory rate primarily due to valuation allowances, the reversal of an uncertain tax position and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. The income tax provision for the third quarter of 2021 was $1.8 million on a pre-tax loss of $5.3 million, representing an effective income tax rate of (34.5) percent. This differs from the statutory rate primarily due to U.S. valuation allowances and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions.

Net Income (Loss)

Net loss for the third quarter of 2022 was $0.4 million, or a loss of $0.35 per diluted share, compared to a loss of $7.2 million, or a loss of $0.61 per diluted share, for the same period in 2021.

Segment Sales and Income from Operations


	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021			Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Selected data
Net sales
North America	$	240,340	$	180,496		$	59,844
Europe		165,385		130,284			35,101
Total net sales	$	405,725	$	310,780		$	94,945
Income from operations
North America	$	10,526	$	12,581		$	(2,055	)
Europe		1,734		(5,207	)		6,941
Total income from operations	$	12,260	$	7,374		$	4,886

North America

Net sales for our North American segment for the third quarter of 2022 increased 33.2 percent while unit shipment volumes increased 12.0 percent, compared to the same period in 2021. The $59.8 million increase in net sales was primarily due to $51.8 million in higher aluminum and other cost pass throughs to our OEM customers, as well as higher unit shipment volumes. North American segment income from operations for the third quarter of 2022 decreased by $2.1 million, as compared to the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to higher conversion costs of $4.4 million in 2022 and the $4.4 million gain on sale of the Fayetteville, Arkansas facility recognized in 2021, partially offset by $7.5 million attributable to higher shipment volumes, favorable product mix and the timing of certain inflationary cost recoveries.

Europe

Net sales for our European segment for the third quarter of 2022 increased 26.9 percent while unit shipment volumes increased 2.7 percent, compared to the same period in 2021. The $35.1 million increase in net sales was due to $27.6 million of aluminum and other cost pass throughs as well as favorable product mix and higher unit shipment volumes of $26.3 million, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange of $18.8 million. European segment income from operations for the third quarter of 2022 was $6.9 million higher

than the same period in the prior year primarily due to the timing of certain inflationary cost recoveries of $11.0 million, partially offset by inflationary cost increases in labor, utilities and other manufacturing costs.

Overview of the First Nine Months of 2022

The following chart shows the operational performance in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 in comparison to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 ($ in millions):

Results of Operations


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			Net Change
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net sales
North America	$	727,215		$	549,457		$	177,758
Europe		510,568			466,983			43,585
Net sales		1,237,783			1,016,440			221,343
Cost of sales		1,126,212			922,637			(203,575	)
Gross profit		111,571			93,803			17,768
Percentage of net sales		9.0	%		9.2	%		(0.2	)%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		49,768			45,190			(4,578	)
Income from operations		61,803			48,613			13,190
Percentage of net sales		5.0	%		4.8	%		0.2	%
Interest expense, net		(30,706	)		(31,378	)		672
Other income (expense), net		355			(6,028	)		6,383
Income tax provision		(10,889	)		(3,570	)		(7,319	)
Net income	$	20,563		$	7,637		$	12,926
Percentage of net sales		1.7	%		0.8	%		0.9	%
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.25	)	$	(0.69	)	$	0.44
Value added sales (1)	$	552,619		$	564,931		$	(12,312	)
Value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange (1)	$	585,748		$	564,931		$	20,817
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	136,694		$	129,345		$	7,349
Percentage of net sales		11.0	%		12.7	%		(1.7	)%
Percentage of value added sales		24.7	%		22.9	%		1.8	%
Unit shipments in thousands		11,865			12,193			(328	)

(1)

(2)

Shipments

Wheel unit shipments were 11.9 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to unit shipment volumes of 12.2 million in the prior year period, a decrease of 2.7 percent. The decrease was driven by an 8.9 percent decrease in European unit shipment volumes, partially offset by a 2.7 percent increase in unit shipment volumes in North America.

Net Sales

Net sales for the first nine months of 2022 were $1,237.8 million, compared to net sales of $1,016.4 million for the same period in 2021, an increase of 21.8 percent. The increase in net sales was primarily due to $233.6 million of higher aluminum and other cost pass throughs to our OEM customers as well as favorable product mix, offset by $53.3 million of unfavorable Euro foreign exchange and lower unit shipment volumes.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales was $1,126.2 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to cost of sales of $922.6 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in cost of sales was primarily due to $210.3 million of higher raw material costs and $27.6 million of higher conversion costs as well as product mix, partially offset by a reduction in cost of sales of $56.1 million due to foreign exchange primarily related to the Euro.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses were $49.8 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to SG&A expense of $45.2 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in SG&A expense is mainly attributable to the $4.4 million gain recognized on the sale of our Fayetteville, Arkansas facility in the first nine months of 2021.

Net Interest Expense

Net interest expense for the first nine months of 2022 was $30.7 million which was relatively flat compared to net interest expense of $31.4 million for same period in 2021.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income, net, was $0.4 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to other expense of $6.0 million for same period in 2021. The 2021 expense was primarily attributable to a $3.5 million increase in the preferred stock embedded derivative liability due to the increase in the Company’s stock price in the first nine months of 2021, as well as a net casualty loss of $1.5 million associated with a flood at our Werdohl, Germany location recognized in the third quarter of 2021.

Income Tax (Provision) Benefit

The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $10.9 million on pre-tax income of $31.5 million, representing an effective rate of 34.6 percent. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to valuation allowances, the reversal of an uncertain tax position and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions. The income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $3.6 million on pre-tax income of $11.2 million, representing an effective rate of 31.9 percent. The effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 differs from the statutory rate primarily due to U.S. valuation allowances and the mix of earnings among tax jurisdictions, partially offset by a favorable adjustment to a tax credit and the reversal of an uncertain tax position.

Net Income (Loss)

Net income for the first nine months of 2022 was $20.6 million, or a loss of $0.25 per diluted share, compared to net income of $7.6 million, or a loss of $0.69 per diluted share, for the same period in 2021.

Segment Sales and Income from Operations


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Selected data
Net sales
North America	$	727,215	$	549,457	$	177,758
Europe		510,568		466,983		43,585
Total net sales	$	1,237,783	$	1,016,440	$	221,343
Income from operations
North America	$	54,772	$	37,964	$	16,808
Europe		7,031		10,649		(3,618	)
Total income from operations	$	61,803	$	48,613	$	13,190

North America

Net sales for our North American segment for the first nine months of 2022 increased 32.4 percent, while the unit shipment volumes increased by 2.7 percent compared to the same period in 2021. The $177.8 million increase in net sales was primarily due to $165.7 million in higher aluminum and other cost pass throughs to our OEM customers and higher unit shipment volumes. North American segment income from operations for the first nine months of 2022 increased by $16.8 million compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to the timing of certain inflationary cost recoveries and higher volumes of $13.8 million.

Europe

Net sales for our European segment for the first nine months of 2022 increased 9.3 percent despite an 8.9 percent decline in unit shipment volumes, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in net sales of $43.6 million was primarily due to $67.8 million in higher aluminum and other cost pass throughs and $29.0 million primarily due to favorable product mix and the timing of certain inflationary cost recoveries, partially offset by unfavorable foreign exchange of $53.3 million. European segment income from

operations for the first nine months of 2022 was $3.6 million lower than the prior year primarily due to inflationary cost increases in labor, utilities and other manufacturing costs and unabsorbed fixed costs due to lower production volumes of $24.5 million, offset by the timing of certain inflationary cost recoveries.

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $121.8 million compared to $76.1 million and $113.5 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Our sources of liquidity primarily include cash and cash equivalents, cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under available debt facilities, and factoring arrangements for trade receivables. Working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) and our current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) were $202.3 million and 1.7:1.0, respectively, at September 30, 2022, versus $172.4 million and 1.7:1.0 at December 31, 2021. Although the Company continues to effectively manage all elements of working capital, receivables and inventories have increased in 2022 largely due to higher raw material costs.

Our working capital requirements, investing activities and cash dividend payments have historically been funded from internally generated funds, debt facilities, cash and cash equivalents, and we believe these sources will continue to meet our future requirements. Capital expenditures consist of expenditures to improve production quality and efficiency, extend the useful lives of existing property and support new product offerings, as well as to expand capacity for existing products. During 2022 we expect that our capital expenditures will be approximately $75.0 million.

In connection with the acquisition of our European operations, we entered into several debt and equity financing arrangements during 2017. On March 22, 2017, we entered into a USD Senior Secured Credit facility (“USD SSCF”) consisting of a $400.0 million Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (“Term Loan Facility”) and a $160.0 million Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”). On May 22, 2017, we issued 150,000 shares of redeemable preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $150.0 million. On June 15, 2017, we issued €250.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.00% Senior Notes (“the Notes”). Finally, as part of the European business acquisition, we also assumed $70.7 million of outstanding debt, including a €30.0 million European Revolving Credit Facility (“EUR SSCF”) (subsequently increased to €60.0 million on January 31, 2020). In addition, the European business entered into equipment loan agreements totaling $13.4 million (€12.0 million) in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Balances outstanding under the Term Loan Facility, Notes and equipment loans as of September 30, 2022 were $349.2 million, $213.0 million and $12.8 million, respectively. The redeemable preferred stock balance was $216.8 million as of September 30, 2022. The Term Loan Facility matures May 23, 2024 and the Notes mature June 15, 2025. The redeemable preferred stock may be unconditionally redeemed on or after September 14, 2025 at the redemption amount, currently $300 million, provided the Company has sufficient available funds. Under Delaware law, any redemption payment would be limited to the “surplus” that our Board determines is available to fund a full or partial redemption without rendering us insolvent. The shares of preferred stock that have not been redeemed would continue to receive an annual dividend of 9 percent on the original stated value per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, which would be paid quarterly. The Board would have to evaluate on an ongoing basis the ability of the Company to make any further redemption payments until the full redemption amount has been paid. The Company intends to refinance its debt obligations, including the Term Loan Facility and Notes, prior to maturity. As a part of any refinancing, the Company will review its overall capital structure and may evaluate other sources of capital which could include issuance of common stock or restructuring of the preferred stock.

On May 3, 2021, the Company extended the term of the Revolving Credit Facility under its USD SSCF. The commitment under the facility was reduced from $160.0 million to $132.5 million, with $25.0 million of the commitment maturing May 23, 2022 and the remaining $107.5 million maturing October 31, 2023. The commitment remaining under the USD SSCF was $107.5 million as of September 30, 2022 following the $25.0 million maturity on May 23, 2022. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company amended the EUR SSCF, extending the term to May 22, 2023 and increasing the applicable margins and commitment fees, while maintaining the €60.0 million commitment. Our liquidity totaled $283.0 million at September 30, 2022, including cash on hand of $121.8 million and available unused commitments under credit facilities of $161.2 million.

As part of our ongoing efforts to improve our cash flow and related liquidity, we negotiate with suppliers to optimize our terms and conditions, including extended payment terms. Beginning in 2021, the Company receives extended payment terms for a portion of our purchases with one of our principal aluminum suppliers in exchange for a nominal adjustment to the product pricing. The payment terms provided to us are consistent with aluminum industry norms, as well as those offered to the supplier’s other customers. The supplier intends to finance these extended terms by factoring receivables due from us with a financial institution. We are not a party to the supplier’s factoring agreement with the financial institution. We remit payments directly to our supplier, except with respect to product purchased under extended terms which have been factored by the supplier. These payments are remitted directly to the financial institution in accordance with the payment terms originally negotiated with our supplier. As of September 30, 2022, the Company owed $29.5 million to the financial institution which is included in accounts payable in the Company’s condensed

consolidated balance sheets. The Company made $103.1 million in payments to the financial institution pursuant to the supplier’s factoring arrangement for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. These payments are included in cash flows from operations within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

As of September 30, 2022, we had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements other than factoring of $117.1 million of our trade receivables.

The following table summarizes the cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities as reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	74,431		$	(14,578	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(45,560	)		(40,982	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(16,410	)		(18,875	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(4,093	)		(1,871	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	8,368		$	(76,306	)

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $74.4 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $14.6 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in cash flow provided by operating activities was primarily driven by lower use of cash for working capital and increased profitability.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $45.6 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to $41.0 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to proceeds of $6.6 million on the sale of the Fayetteville, Arkansas facility which reduced net cash used in investing activities in 2021.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $16.4 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $18.9 million for the same period in 2021. This decrease is primarily due to $4.3 million of financing fees incurred in 2021 in connection with the extension of the Revolving Credit Facility under the USD SSCF, partially offset by $1.7 million in proceeds from European equipment loans issued in 2021.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In this quarterly report, we discuss three financial measures that are not calculated according to U.S. GAAP: value added sales, value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange and adjusted EBITDA.

Value added sales represents net sales less the value of aluminum and other costs, as well as services provided by outsourced service providers (“OSPs”) that are included in net sales. Contractual arrangements with our customers allow us to pass on changes in aluminum and certain other costs. Value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange represents value added sales on a constant currency basis. For entities reporting in currencies other than the US dollar, the current period amounts are translated using the prior year comparative period exchange rates, rather than the actual exchange rates in effect during the current period. Value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange allows users of the financial statements to consider our net sales information both with and without the aluminum, other costs and OSP costs and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Management utilizes value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange as a key metric in measuring and evaluating the growth of the Company because it eliminates the volatility of the cost of aluminum and changes in foreign exchange rates. Management utilizes value added sales in calculating adjusted EBITDA margin to eliminate volatility of the cost of aluminum in evaluating year-over-year margin growth.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest income and expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, restructuring charges and other closure costs and impairments of long-lived assets and investments, changes in fair value of the redeemable preferred stock embedded derivative, acquisition and integration, certain hiring and separation related costs, proxy contest fees, gains associated with early debt extinguishment and accounts receivable factoring fees. We use adjusted EBITDA as an important indicator of the operating performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA is used in our internal forecasts and models when establishing internal operating budgets, supplementing the financial results and forecasts reported to our Board of Directors and evaluating short-term and long-term operating trends in our operations. We believe the adjusted EBITDA financial measure assists in providing a more complete understanding of our underlying operational measures to manage our business, to evaluate our performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace and to establish operational goals. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies.

The following table reconciles our net sales, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, to our value added sales and value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales	$	405,725		$	310,780		$	1,237,783		$	1,016,440
Less: aluminum, other costs, and outside service provider costs		(228,033	)		(148,582	)		(685,164	)		(451,509	)
Value added sales	$	177,692		$	162,198		$	552,619		$	564,931
Currency impact on current period value added sales		14,620			—			33,129			—
Value added sales adjusted for foreign exchange	$	192,312		$	162,198		$	585,748		$	564,931

The following table reconciles our net (loss) income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, to our adjusted EBITDA:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021			September 30, 2022			September 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Net (loss) income	$	(351	)	$	(7,180	)	$	20,563		$	7,637
Interest expense, net		10,406			10,619			30,706			31,378
Income tax provision		1,966			1,841			10,889			3,570
Depreciation		17,325			17,965			52,730			55,520
Amortization		4,535			6,511			16,338			19,926
Integration, restructuring, factoring fees and other (1) (2) (3) (4)		2,257			21			5,468			7,854
Change in fair value or redeemable preferred stock embedded derivative liability (5)		—			—			—			3,460
Adjusted EBITDA	$	36,138		$	29,777		$	136,694		$	129,345
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales		8.9	%		9.6	%		11.0	%		12.7	%
Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of value added sales		20.3	%		18.4	%		24.7	%		22.9	%

(1)

In the third quarter of 2022, we incurred $1.0 million of accounts receivable factoring fees and $1.3 million of various other costs.

(2)

In the first nine months of 2022, we incurred $0.8 million of certain hiring and separation costs, $2.4 million of accounts receivable factoring fees and $2.3 million of other costs.

(3)

In the third quarter of 2021, we incurred $1.6 million of restructuring costs comprised of ongoing fixed costs associated with our Fayetteville, Arkansas facility, relocation and installation costs of repurposed machinery and costs of site preparation activities which occurred as part of the sale of the facility. Additionally, in the third quarter we recognized a gain on sale of $4.4 million related to the sale of the Fayetteville, Arkansas facility. We also incurred $1.5 million of costs from a flood at our Werdohl, Germany facility, $0.7 million in certain hiring and separation costs, $0.5 million of accounts receivables factoring fees and $0.1 million of other costs.

(4)

In the first nine months of 2021, we incurred approximately $4.7 million of restructuring costs comprised of ongoing fixed costs associated with our Fayetteville, Arkansas facility, relocation and installation costs of repurposed machinery and costs of site preparation activities which occurred as part of the sale of the facility. Additionally, we recognized a gain on sale of $4.4 million related to the sale of the Fayetteville, Arkansas facility. We also incurred $1.5 million of costs from a flood at

our Werdohl Germany facility, $3.8 million of certain hiring and separation costs, $1.5 million of accounts receivable factoring fees and $0.8 million of other costs.

(5)

The change in the fair value is mainly driven by the change in our stock price during the respective periods.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to apply significant judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein, as well as financial information included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. These estimates and assumptions, which are based upon historical experience, industry trends, terms of various past and present agreements and contracts, and information available from other sources that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent through other sources. We believe the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable; however, due to the inherent uncertainties in developing estimates, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to these balances in future periods. Critical accounting estimates that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and the judgments and assumptions used are consistent with those described in the management’s discussion and analysis in our 2021 Form 10-K (refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021).

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company is not required to provide the information required by this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2022. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2022 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are party to various legal and environmental proceedings incidental to our business. Certain claims, suits and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business have been filed or are pending against us. Based on facts now known, except as provided below and as set forth in Note 16 "Commitments and Contingencies" in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements with respect to the contingencies arising from a contractual dispute with our energy distributor and its parent company, we believe all such matters are adequately provided for, covered by insurance, are without merit, and/or involve such amounts that would not materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

See also under Item 1A, “Risk Factors - We are from time to time subject to litigation, which could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, we added a risk factor entitled “The Ukraine Conflict may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows” to the risk factors as previously disclosed in “Item 1A Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which has been updated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other than as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in “Item 1A Risk Factors” of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. However, many of the risk factors set forth in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 may be exacerbated by the Ukraine Conflict and any resulting worsening of the economic environment.

The Ukraine Conflict may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. In response to the Russian invasion, the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union governments, among others, have developed comprehensive and coordinated sanctions and export restrictions on Russia and certain Russian individuals. The United States and other countries could impose wider sanctions and take other actions should the conflict escalate.

The Ukraine Conflict has given rise to macroeconomic risks which could lead to significant declines in global and regional economic growth, particularly in Europe. These risks may not only reduce global demand and automotive production volumes but also have caused, and may continue to cause, further supply chain disruption and drive higher energy and commodity prices, including increases in aluminum, silicon and energy prices, as well as inflation and higher interest rates. Energy prices in Europe, particularly in Poland, increased significantly during the first nine months of 2022. Our OEM customers have at times temporarily shut down production as a result of supply disruption.

The impact of the Ukraine Conflict including economic sanctions and export controls such as restrictions on energy exports, or additional war or military conflict as well as potential responses to such actions by Russia, is currently unknown. It has and may continue to lead to further increases of our costs, affect our supply chain and customers, and reduce our sales, earnings and cash flows. In addition, the continuation of the Ukraine Conflict could lead to other disruptions, instability and volatility in global markets that could adversely impact our operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits



31.1		Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

31.2		Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

32.1		Certification of Majdi B. Abulaban, President and Chief Executive Officer, and C. Timothy Trenary, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document ****

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document ****

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document ****

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document ****

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document ****

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document ****

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in exhibit 101) ****

** Filed herewith.

**** Submitted electronically with the report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SUPERIOR INDUSTRIES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Registrant)

Date: November 3, 2022

/s/ Majdi B. Abulaban

Majdi B. Abulaban

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: November 3, 2022

/s/ C. Timothy Trenary

C. Timothy Trenary

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer