SURGALIGN HOLDINGS, INC. - Annual Report: 2020 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

or

For the transition period from                      to

Commission file number 001-38832

Surgalign Holdings, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

520 Lake Cook Road, Suite 315, Deerfield, Illinois 60015

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(224) 303-4651

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.Yes  ☐    No  ☒  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.Yes  ☐    No  ☒  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that registrant was required to submit such files.)  Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definition of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.): Yes  ☐    No  ☒  

The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the last sale price of the Common Stock reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2020), was approximately $241.5 million.

The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of March 10, 2021 was 110,268,280.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

As stated in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the registrant’s 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

RTI SURGICAL HOLDINGS, INC.

FORM 10-K Annual Report

Table of Contents

PART I

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated by reference contain forward-looking statements that have been made pursuant to the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, our management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by our management. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “requires,” “hopes,” “may,” “will,” “assumes,” or  variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Do not unduly rely on forward-looking statements.  These statements give our expectations about future performance, but are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in any such forward-looking statements. Some of the matters described below in the “Risk Factors” section constitute cautionary statements which identify factors regarding these forward-looking statements, including certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to vary materially from the future results indicated in these forward-looking statements. Other factors could also cause actual results to vary materially from the future results indicated in such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Company Overview

Surgalign Holdings, Inc. (“we,” “our” or “us”), (formerly known as RTI Surgical Holdings, Inc. (“RTI”)) is a global medical technology company focused on advancing the science of spine care by delivering innovative solutions, including the application of digital technologies, to drive superior patient outcomes. We have a broad portfolio of spinal hardware implants, including solutions for fusion procedures in the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine, motion preservation solutions for the lumbar spine, and a minimally invasive surgical implant system for fusion of the sacroiliac joint. We also have a portfolio of advanced and traditional orthobiologics, or biomaterials. In addition to our spinal hardware and biomaterials portfolios, we are developing an Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence digital surgery platform called ARAI^TM   (referred to “ARAI”) to enable digital spine surgery, which we believe is one of the most advanced artificial intelligence technologies being applied to surgery. ARAI is designed to automatically segment, identify, and recognize patient anatomy to autonomously assist the surgeon throughout the surgical procedure. This proprietary artificial intelligence-based platform system is an intelligent anatomical mapping technology designed to assist surgeons by allowing them to remain in safe anatomical zones, and to enhance surgical performance. We plan to leverage our digital surgery platform to improve patient outcomes and drive adoption of our spinal hardware implants and biomaterials products. We are developing a pipeline of new innovative technologies that we plan to integrate with our digital surgery platform. We currently market and sell products to hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, and healthcare providers in the United States and in more than 40 countries worldwide. We are headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois, with commercial, innovation and design centers in San Diego, CA; Marquette, MI; Wurmlingen, Germany; and Warsaw, Poland.

OEM Disposition

On July 20, 2020, we completed the disposition of our original equipment manufacturer businesses (“OEM Businesses”), and became a business focused on spinal implants and technology. We divested the OEM Businesses pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 13, 2020, as amended by that certain First Amendment to the Equity Purchase Agreement dated as of March 6, 2020, that certain Second Amendment to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2020 and that certain Third Amendment to the Equity Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2020 (as amended the “OEM Purchase Agreement”), by and between us and Ardi Bidco Ltd. (“Ardi” or the “Buyer”), an entity owned and controlled by Montagu Private Equity LLP, and the agreements ancillary to the OEM Purchase Agreement (the “Transactions”). As a result of the disposition, among other things, our OEM Businesses and business related to processing donated human musculoskeletal and other tissue and bovine and porcine animal tissue in producing allograft and xenograft implants using BIOCLEANSE®, TUTOPLAST® and CANCELLE® SP sterilization processes were sold to the Buyer and its affiliates for a purchase price of $440 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments. Further, pursuant to the terms of the Equity Purchase Agreement, we sold to the Buyer and its affiliates all of the issued and outstanding shares of RTI OEM, LLC (which, prior to the Transactions, was converted to a corporation and changed its name to “RTI Surgical, Inc.”), RTI Surgical, LLC (which, prior to the Transactions, was converted to a corporation and changed its name to “Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc.”), Tutogen Medical (United States), Inc. and Tutogen Medical GmbH. The Transactions were previously described in the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed by us with the SEC on June 18, 2020. Subsequent to the consummation of Transactions, our name was changed to Surgalign Holdings, Inc., operating as Surgalign Spine Technologies. Where obvious and appropriate from the context, references herein to we, or us refer to the Company including the disposed OEM Businesses.

The OEM Businesses met the criteria within Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-20 – Discontinued Operations, to be reported as discontinued operations because the Transactions were a strategic shift in business that had a major effect on our

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operations and financial results. Therefore, we are reporting the historical results of the OEM Businesses including the results of operations and cash flows as discontinued operations, and related assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for all periods presented herein. Unless otherwise noted, applicable amounts in the prior year have been recast to conform to this discontinued operations presentation. See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15, “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” of this Exhibit for additional information. Unless otherwise indicated, the following information relates to continuing operations. A more complete description of our business prior to the Transactions is included in Item 1. “Business”, in Part I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that was previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on June 8, 2020.

Acquisition

On October 23, 2020 we completed the acquisition of Holo Surgical Inc. (“Holo Surgical”) pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2020 (the “Holo Surgical Purchase Agreement”), by and among us, Roboticine, Inc. (the “Seller”) and the other parties signatory thereto. Holo Surgical is a private technology company that is developing ARAI digital surgery platform to enable digital spine surgery. As consideration for the transactions contemplated by the Holo Surgical Purchase Agreement, at closing, we paid to the Seller $30 million in cash and issued to the Seller 6,250,000 shares of our common stock with a fair value of $12.3 million. In addition, the Seller will be entitled to receive contingent consideration from us valued in an aggregate amount of $50.6 million as of October 23, 2020, which must be first paid in shares of our common stock (in an amount up to 8,650,000 shares) and then paid in cash thereafter, contingent upon and following the achievement of certain regulatory, commercial and utilization milestones by specified time periods occurring up to the sixth (6th) anniversary of the closing. The number of shares of common stock issued as contingent consideration with respect to the achievement of a post-closing milestone, if any, will be calculated based on the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the five (5) day trading period commencing on the opening of trading on the third trading day following the achievement of the applicable milestone. In connection with the contingent consideration, we have agreed not to take certain actions that could affect the ability to achieve the milestones related to the contingent consideration.

COVID-19

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the corresponding governmental response, has had significant negative effects on the majority of the U.S. economy and has adversely affected the entire spine market. The consequences of the outbreak and impact on the economy continues to evolve and the full extent of the impact is uncertain as of the date of this filing. The outbreak has already had, and continues to have, a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition and has significantly disrupted our operations.

At times throughout 2020, many hospitals and other medical facilities canceled elective surgeries, reduced and diverted staffing and diverted other resources to patients suffering from COVID-19 and limited hospital access for non-patients, including our direct and indirect sales representatives. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, surgeons and their patients have been required, or are choosing, to defer procedures in which our products would be used, and many facilities that specialize in the procedures in which our products would be used have closed or reduced operating hours. These circumstances have negatively impacted the ability of our employees and distributors to effectively market and sell our products. In addition, even after the pandemic subsides and/or governmental orders no longer prohibit or recommend against performing such procedures, patients may continue to defer such procedures out of concern of being exposed to COVID-19 or for other reasons.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also caused adverse effects on general commercial activity and the global economy, which has led to an economic slowdown and recession, and which has adversely affected our business, operating results or financial condition. The adverse effect of the pandemic on the broader economy has also negatively affected demand for procedures using our products, and could cause one or more of our distributors, customers, and suppliers to experience financial distress, cancel, postpone or delay orders, be unable to perform under a contract, file for bankruptcy protection, go out of business, or suffer disruptions in their business. This could impact our ability to provide products and otherwise operate our business, as well as increase our costs and expenses.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also led to and could continue to lead to severe disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which could increase our cost of future capital and adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets in the future.

In response to the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic and the resulting federal and local guidelines, we furloughed or reduced the hours of a majority of its U.S.-based employees during the second quarter of 2020. While our employees have since returned to work, we cannot predict when its operations will return to pre-pandemic levels and we will continue to carefully monitor the situation and the needs of the business.

The above and other continued disruptions to our business as a result of COVID-19 has resulted in a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Although vaccines have recently been made available, it remains uncertain when our business will return to normal operations. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business will

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depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including the possibility that new adverse information may emerge concerning COVID-19 and additional actions to contain it or treat its impact may be required.

Going Concern

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The going concern basis of presentation assumes that we will continue in operation one year after the date these financial statements are issued, and we will be able to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

As of December 31, 2020, we had cash of $44.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $485.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a loss from continuing operations of $194.2 million. We have incurred losses from operations in the previous two fiscal years and did not generate positive cash flows from operations in fiscal year 2020.

On February 1, 2021, we closed a public offering and sold a total 28,700,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.50 per share, less the underwriter discounts and commissions. We received net proceeds of $40,467,000 from the offering after deducting the underwriting discounts and commission of $2,583,000.

We project we will continue to generate significant negative operating cash flows over the next 12-months and beyond.  In consideration of i) COVID-19 uncertainties, ii) negative cash flows that are projected over the next 12-month period, iii) the income taxes to be paid related to the gain on sale associated with the OEM Businesses, iv) uncertainty regarding potential settlements related to ongoing litigation and regulatory investigations, and v) approximately $9 million of the total contingent consideration of $50.6 million are expected to become due to the former owners of Holo Surgical if regulatory approval in the US is obtained in 2021, which would paid through combination of common stock and cash; we have forecasted the need to raise additional capital in order to continue as a going concern.  The Company’s operating plan for the next 12-month period also includes continued investments in its product pipeline which will necessitate additional debt and/or equity financing in addition to the funding of future operations through 2021 and beyond.

In consideration of the inherent risks and uncertainties and the Company’s forecasted negative cash flows as described above, management has concluded that substantial doubt exists with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management is planning to raise additional equity financing and will attempt to curtail discretionary expenditures in the future, if necessary, however, in consideration of the risks and uncertainties mentioned, such plans cannot be considered probable of occurring at this time.  

The recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its funding requirements on a continuous basis, to maintain existing financing and to succeed in its future operations. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.

Segments

Prior to the disposition of the OEM Businesses, the Company operated two reportable segments: Spine and OEM. Subsequent to the disposition, the Company operates one reportable segment: Spine.

Strategy

Our goal is to establish ourselves as a global innovator of novel and proprietary technologies and become a leader in the spine market. To achieve our goal, we are pursuing the following strategies:

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Corporate Information

We currently operate at four locations: our corporate headquarters in Deerfield, Illinois; our Wurmlingen, Germany facility where we manage our international commercial business and maintain a Research and Development Center of Excellence focused on motion preservation implants and instrumentation; our Marquette, Michigan facility where we maintain our customer service and contracting operations; and our Warsaw, Poland facility, where we have our Digital Surgery Innovation Center and research and development team focused on augmented reality and artificial intelligence.

The original Regeneration Technologies, Inc. (“RTI”) was incorporated in 1997 in Florida as a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of Florida Tissue Bank (“UFTB”). RTI began operations on February 12, 1998 when UFTB contributed its allograft processing operations, related equipment and technologies, distribution arrangements, research and development activities, and certain other assets to RTI. At the time of its initial public offering in August 2000, RTI was reincorporated in the State of Delaware, and in February 2008, RTI changed its name to RTI Biologics, Inc. In July 2013, RTI Biologics, Inc. completed the acquisition of Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. (“Pioneer”) and, in connection with the acquisition, changed its name from RTI Biologics, Inc. to RTI Surgical, Inc. In August 2017, RTI Surgical, Inc. completed the sale of substantially all of the assets related to its cardiothoracic closure business to A&E Advanced Closure Systems, LLC, a subsidiary of A&E Medical Corporation. On January 4, 2018, RTI Surgical, Inc. entered the sacroiliac joint fusion market with the acquisition of Zyga Technology, Inc. (“Zyga”), a private commercial-stage company that had developed and begun to commercialize the Simmetry Sacroiliac Joint Fusion System. On March 8, 2019, RTI Surgical, Inc. acquired Paradigm Spine, LLC (“Paradigm”), a private commercial-stage company focused on motion preservation and non-fusion spinal implant technology whose primary product was the Coflex Interlaminar Stabilization Device, a minimally invasive motion preserving stabilization implant. In connection with the Paradigm transaction, we restructured and RTI Surgical, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of RTI Surgical Holdings, Inc.

On July 20, 2020 we completed the sale of our former OEM Businesses to an entity owned and controlled by Montagu Private Equity LLP. As a result of the disposition, our former OEM Businesses and our former business related to processing donated human musculoskeletal and other tissue and bovine and porcine animal tissue in producing allograft and xenograft implants using certain sterilization processes were sold. In connection with this transaction, we changed our name from RTI Surgical Holdings, Inc. to Surgalign Holdings, Inc., operating as Surgalign Spine Technologies, we changed the ticker symbol for our common stock to “SRGA,” and we became a pure-play global spine company. On October 23, 2020, we acquired Holo Surgical Inc. and the technology related to the ARAI platform.

Our principal offices are located at 520 Lake Cook Road, Suite 315, Deerfield, Illinois, and our phone number is (224) 303-4651.

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Industry Overview

The global spine surgery industry can be broken into various markets that align with the treatment procedures for patients suffering with back-related pain and other conditions. The most prevalent markets are spine implants, composed of implantable devices to aid in both fusion and motion preservation procedures and the biomaterials market consisting of human-derived and synthetic bone growth substitute products.  

Spine Implants

The global spine implants annual market opportunity was estimated at $9.9 billion in 2019, with most revenues being generated from spinal fusion devices. Fusion devices are designed and developed to aid in the restoration of spinal alignment and to provide fixation during the fusion process. Conversely, motion preservation devices are designed predominantly to stabilize the spine and allow for motion of the segments. Spine implants can be surgically applied via traditional open surgery or via minimally invasive surgery. We provide devices in both segments of the spine implant market and via both surgical methodologies.

Biomaterials

The global biomaterials annual market opportunity was estimated at $2.8 billion in 2019. The biomaterials segment covers a large range of bone growth substitutes, including growth factors, cellular allografts, DBMs, traditional allografts, and synthetic bone graft substitutes. Biomaterials are utilized during spine surgery procedures to promote fusion by substituting or augmenting the normal regenerative capacity of bone.

Enabling Technologies

A relatively new and emerging segment to the spine surgery market is enabling technologies. These technologies are designed to aid surgeons in the treatment of spinal conditions by providing information and tools to enhance treatment planning and execution. Major categories within this segment include surgical navigation systems, robotic targeting devices and pre-surgical planning software.

Our Products

We have a broad portfolio of spine implants, including solutions for fusion procedures in the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine, motion preservation solutions for the lumbar spine, and a minimally invasive surgical implant system for fusion of the sacroiliac joint. We also have a broad portfolio of biomaterial products.

Spine Implants

Most of our revenues related to the spine implants portfolio are generated from spinal fusion devices. Fusion devices are designed and developed to aid in the restoration of spinal alignment and to provide fixation during the fusion process. Conversely, motion preservation devices are designed to stabilize the spine and allow for motion of the segments. Sacroiliac joint fusion implant systems are designed to relieve sacroiliac joint pain. We provide devices in each of these three segments of the spinal hardware implant market.

ThoracoLumbar and Cervical Spine Fusion Devices

We offer a broad portfolio of cervical, thoracic and lumbar interbody (e.g., Fortilink TETRAfuse cages) and fixation (e.g., Streamline MIS/Degen/OCT pedicle screws) devices for conventional spine fusion procedures including Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF), Posterior Cervical Fusion (PCF), Posterior LumbarInterbody Fusion (PLIF), Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF), Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) and Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF).

Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Devices

We are a market-leader in the sacroiliac joint, or SI, fusion segment of the spinal hardware implant market. Our SImmetry System allows for minimally invasive SI joint fusion surgery that eliminates the movement of the joint in two ways:

Two-year data from the EVoluSIon study showed high rates of joint fusion and statistically significant decreases in opioid use, pain and disability scores, as well as the possibility of faster recovery times.

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Motion Preservation Devices

Our motion preservation portfolio includes the Coflex Interlaminar Stabilization device, the only FDA PMA-approved implant for the treatment of moderate to severe lumbar spinal stenosis in conjunction with direct decompression. Coflex is the first and only posterior lumbar motion preservation solution with Level I evidence, the highest possible level of clinical data, from two prospective, randomized studies against two treatment options—decompression alone and decompression with fusion—across two countries, the United States and Germany. Coflex has demonstrated long-term clinical outcomes for durable pain relief and stability. The device has been implanted in more than 163,000 patients worldwide.

Biomaterials

We have a significant portfolio across the biomaterials market for spinal fusion procedures. Our portfolio of biomaterials includes products ranging from innovative tissue-based solutions to advanced synthetic bone graft substitutes for a range of surgical applications. Our biomaterials products complement our spine implants product line with the synergistic goal to improve fusion rates.

Cellular Allograft

The ViBone family of products, supplied by Aziyo Biologics, Inc. (“Aziyo”), is a next-generation viable cellular allograft bone matrix processed using a proprietary method optimized to protect and preserve the health of native bone cells to potentially enhance new bone formation.

Demineralized Bone Matrices

DBM formulations are designed to provide naturally occurring bone proteins and other growth factors at varying stages of the bone healing process. We offer a broad DBM portfolio, which includes putty, strip and boat configurations for various surgical applications to provide a natural scaffold for bone ingrowth and osteoinductive potential to facilitate fusion.

Synthetic Bone Growth Substitutes

Our synthetic bone growth substitutes (“BGS”) portfolio, includes the nanOss family of products supplied by RTI Surgical, Inc., which provide osteoconductive nano-structured HA and an engineered extracellular matrix bioscaffold collagen carrier to provide a natural bone growth solution.

ARAI Platform

Our ARAI platform is an advanced digital surgery guidance platform that combines 3D visualization, data analytics, and machine learning designed to improve patient outcomes, reduce operation time and decrease surgical complications. It is currently being developed and prepared for regulatory submission, and we believe it will be one of the most advanced artificial intelligence technologies being applied to surgery, designed to automatically identify and segment patient anatomy for autonomously assisting surgeons with spine surgery navigated guidance.

The ARAI platform is an intelligent anatomical mapping technology designed to assist surgeons by allowing them to remain in safe anatomical zones while enhancing surgical performance to facilitate improved patient outcomes. We plan to make an FDA 510(k) premarket submission in the first quarter of 2021 and submit a CE mark application in Europe in 2022.

The ARAI platform is designed for an ergonomic and comfortable augmented reality experience for the 3D visualization of internal anatomy without soft-tissue exposure. The platform leverages imaging technology to display and visualize the patient’s internal anatomy in real-time. The visualization of the virtual internal anatomy responds and adapts to the surgeon’s 3D perspective and is displayed directly onto the surgical field consistent with the surgeons’ training and workflow. The platform also leverages artificial intelligence-based algorithms to autonomously identify, label, segment, and analyze bony, soft tissue, solid organ, vascular, and nervous system anatomy without any human intervention. ARAI has been designed with a unique setup process of quickly establishing the synchronization between virtual images and the patient’s real anatomy, a process called registration. Many computer-assisted spine surgery and robotics systems have long setup requirements and registration times that can delay the surgical procedure, leading to inefficiencies cited as a major reason why surgeons have not yet widely adopted navigation and robotic technology. The machine-learning algorithms provide suggestions for optimal implant placement for automatic presurgical planning and aid the surgeon in executing a plan with intraoperative guidance including recommendations and alerts.

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Research and Development

Since the launch of Surgalign in July 2020, we have focused on returning to a legacy of innovation, quality, and clinical validation in the design and development of our products. Instrumental to this focus is creating an R&D organization centralized in San Diego, California. This new center of excellence will continue to be supported by our strong capabilities in Wurmlingen, Germany. We have new capabilities in Poland, acquired through the Holo Surgical acquisition, that bring us expertise in augmented reality, machine learning, and software development. We have also maintained our strategic partnership with RTI Surgical, subsequent to the disposition of our OEM Businesses, to support our spine implants and biomaterials businesses.

Our short-term product development efforts will focus on initiatives to enhance our interbody cage offerings, fill focused gaps in our biomaterials portfolio and develop a new flagship posterior fixation system. We believe that doing so will allow us to better compete at the procedural level. We will also continue to work on developing differentiated technologies and generating the necessary clinical data to drive demand and support appropriate reimbursement.

Aligning with our recent acquisition of Holo Surgical and our commitment to leading in digital surgery, we will also focus on bringing the Holo Surgical technology to market. Future priorities for building out a world-class digital surgery platform include seamless integration with our hardware portfolio, the expansion into additional therapies, and the reimagination of procedural planning and workflow execution. This will position us to differentiate our company in the enabling technologies space and give surgeons access to better information, faster, to translate into enhanced treatments and patient care.

In fall of 2020, we received regulatory clearance for a family of 3D printed titanium Interbody implants which we are planning to launch in the U.S. and international markets in early 2021. In 2019, we launched new implants and product enhancements in spine developed by our research and development teams. January 2018 marked the first clinical use of the Fortilink-TS and Fortilink-L product systems, which were followed by the full commercial launch of the Fortilink-TS system in May 2018. The Fortilink systems are the second and third in a family of devices to incorporate our TETRAfuse 3D Technology, the first 3D printed polymer-based implant material designed to participate in fusion. Additionally, in 2018 we introduced and launched ViBone Viable Bone Matrix for exclusive distribution in the United States. Early in 2020, we extended the TETRAfuse 3D Technology into the ALIF space with the release of the Fortilink-A interbody device. In November of 2020, we and Aziyo expanded our distribution agreement and announced the line extension of ViBone Moldable with handling improvements for better operating room experience. Enhancements were made to the Streamline OCT system, continuing to improve our features and options; performance improvements were made to our synthetic biomaterials line with the release of nanOss 3D Plus.

Intellectual Property

Our business depends upon the significant know-how and proprietary technology we have developed and curated. To protect this know-how and proprietary technology, we rely on a combination of trade secret laws, patents, licenses, trademarks and confidentiality agreements. The intended effect of these intellectual property rights is to define zones of exclusive use of the covered intellectual property. The duration of patent rights generally is 20 years from the date of filing of priority application, while trademarks, once registered, generally have a term of 10 years but can be renewed so long as the trademarks continue to be used. Our trademarks and service marks provide our company and our products with a certain degree of brand recognition in our markets.  However, we do not consider any single patent, trademark or service mark material to our business strategy, financial condition or results of operations.  Further, we have also entered into exclusive and non-exclusive licenses relating to a wide array of third-party technologies.  

Our U.S. and foreign holdings include, without limitation, patents, patent applications and trade secrets relating to or covering certain synthetic bone graft substitutes; interbody fusion and motion implants; spinal and orthopedic plates; spinal rods, cables and screws and spinal fixation systems and related instrumentation.  

As part of the Holo Surgical acquisition, we acquired intellectual property and technologies that relate to digital surgery. As of December 31, 2020, the intellectual property of the Holo Surgical business included, among other things, one issued U.S. patent, one granted European patent, eleven U.S. pending patent applications, and ten pending European patent applications. We do not know whether our current patent applications, or any future patent applications that we may file, will result in a patent being issued with the scope of the claims we seek, or at all, or whether any patents we may receive will be challenged or invalidated. The term of individual patents depends on the legal term for patents in the countries in which they are granted. In most countries, including the United States, the patent term is generally 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date of a nonprovisional patent application in the applicable country. The expected years of expiration for these patents and any patents that issue from such pending applications range from 2037 to 2040. The ARAI platform is an autonomous anatomical mapping technology designed to assist surgeons and physicians to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with neurosurgical and orthopedic conditions. The ARAI platform is capable of advanced, real-time analytics, autonomous presurgical planning, and autonomous intraoperative guidance, potentially enhancing surgical performance with the goal of facilitating improved patient outcomes.

The medical device industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent infringement. As the number of entrants into our market increases, the risk of an infringement claim against us, as well

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as the risk of a third party infringing on our patents, grows. While we attempt to ensure that our implants and methods do not infringe other parties’ patents and proprietary rights, our competitors or other third parties may assert that our implants, and the methods we employ, are covered by patents held by them. In addition, our competitors and other third parties may assert that future implants and methods we may employ infringe their patents. If third parties claim that we infringe upon, misappropriate or otherwise violate their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling the affected implant. Even if we were to prevail, any litigation could be costly and time-consuming and would divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. We are currently and have in the past been, and may in the future be, involved in litigation relating to intellectual property. For more information regarding the risks related to intellectual property, please see the section titled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Intellectual Property.”

Sales and Distribution

We currently market and sell our products in the United States and in more than 40 countries globally. Our U.S. Commercial organization includes Professional Education, Corporate Accounts, and field-based Area Sales Directors and Regional Product Specialists supported by an extensive network of independent spine and biomaterial distributors. Our international sales organization consists of a direct sales force in several European countries and stocking distributors in the rest of the world.

We anticipate adding additional independent distributors and plan to invest in additional marketing and surgeon education & training to support this expansion. We believe the expansion of our U.S. and international sales efforts will provide us with significant opportunity for future growth as we launch our digital technology platform, expand our product portfolio, and seek to penetrate existing and new markets.

Surgeon Education and Training

We devote significant resources to educate surgeons on the proper use of our technologies and techniques. The successful use of our products and technologies depends, in part, on the training and skills of the surgeon performing the procedure. We are developing a state-of-the-art cadaver operating theater and training facility in our San Diego Innovation Center, to help drive adoption of our products.

We believe our success has been, and will continue to be, partially dependent on our ability to differentiate, with clinically validated products and procedures, the quality of our products and reputation within the spine surgeon community. We have a strong commitment to conducting collaborative research with surgeons and we intend to continue working with surgeons and other healthcare professionals in clinical research to further advance our pipeline of novel, innovative technology, and product offerings.

International Operation

Internationally, we market and distribute our implants through a direct distribution organization and a network of independent distributors. International revenues accounted for approximately 16% of our 2020 global revenues.

Our international business is based in Wurmlingen, Germany. With our presence in the region, we can rely on the large local network of spine manufacturers and the wider “Medical Valley Community” of spine and medical device experts and talent. Our international warehousing and logistics have been outsourced to a qualified third-party logistics provider based in the Netherlands that has scalable biomaterials and hardware capabilities and operations. We received MDR certification in the EU in October 2020, which will provide us opportunities for future expansion.

A significant addition to our international presence is the acquisition of Holo Surgical in Poland which will allow us to harness new capabilities in digital surgery with artificial intelligence and predictive analytics.

Competition

Competition in the medical implant industry is intense and subject to rapid technological change and evolving industry requirements and standards. Companies within the industry based on compete design of related instrumentation, efficacy of implants, service and relationships with the surgical community, depth of range of implants, scientific and clinical results and pricing.  Many of our competitors are substantially larger than we are, with much greater resources. In some cases, our customers compete with us in multiple product categories.

We consider our principal competitors in the spine implant and biomaterials markets to include Medtronic, Zimmer, plc. DePuy Synthes NuVasive, Inc., Stryker Corporation, Global Medical, Inc., Alphatec Holdings Inc., SeaSpine Holdings Corporation, and Orthofix Medical Inc.

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Government Regulation and Corporate Compliance

Government Regulation

Government regulation plays a significant role in the design and distribution of allograft tissue implants and medical devices. We procure, where applicable, process/manufacture, and market our allograft tissue implants and medical devices worldwide. Although some standardization exists, each country in which we do business has its own specific regulatory requirements. These requirements are dynamic in nature and, as such, are continually changing. New regulations may be promulgated at any time and with limited notice. While we believe that we are in material compliance with all existing pertinent international and domestic laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that changes in governmental administrations and regulations, or their interpretation or application, will not adversely affect our operations. Failure to comply with applicable requirements could result in fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products, suspension of production, inability to market current products, criminal prosecution, and/or refusal of the government to authorize the marketing of new products.

We currently market and distribute allograft implants that are processed from human tissue, which are processed by third-party suppliers who are responsible for satisfying local regulatory requirements and who ship the implants directly to our customers. We believe that worldwide regulation of allografts is likely to intensify as the international regulatory community focuses on the growing demand for these implants and the attendant safety and efficacy issues of citizen recipients.

Our research, development, and clinical programs, as well as our marketing and commercial operations, are subject to extensive regulation in the United States and other countries. Most notably, all of our implants distributed in the United States are subject to the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Services Act as implemented and enforced by the FDA. The regulations that cover our implants and facilities vary widely based on implant type and classification both in the United States, and from country to country. The amount of time required to obtain approvals or clearances from regulatory authorities also differs from country to country.

Unless an exemption applies, most of the medical devices that we commercially distribute in the United States are covered by premarket notification (“510(k)”) clearance from the FDA. The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes. Devices deemed to pose lower risks are placed in either Class I or II. Manufacturers of most Class II medical devices are required to obtain 510(k) clearance prior to marketing their devices. To obtain 510(k) clearance, a company must submit a premarket notification demonstrating that the proposed device is “substantially equivalent” in intended use and in technological and performance characteristics to another legally marketed 510(k)-cleared “predicate device.” By regulation, the FDA’s performance goals are to clear or deny a 510(k) premarket notification within 90 FDA review days of submission of the application. As a practical matter, clearance may take longer. The FDA may require further information, including clinical data, to make a determination regarding substantial equivalence. After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a new 510(k) clearance or could require a lengthy premarket approval application (“PMA”) process. Devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risks, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or implantable devices, or devices deemed not substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device, are placed in Class III, requiring approval through the PMA process.

Class III medical devices are required to undergo the PMA approval process in which the manufacturer must establish the safety and effectiveness of the device to the FDA’s satisfaction. A PMA application must provide extensive preclinical and clinical trial data as well as information about the device and its components regarding, among other things, device design, manufacturing, and labeling. Also, during the review period, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device. In addition, the FDA will typically conduct a preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulations (21 CFR Part 820) (“QSR”). FDA reviews of PMA applications generally can take between one and three years, or longer. We have one FDA PMA approved device: The Coflex Interlaminar Stabilization device. Coflex is currently the only FDA PMA-approved implant for the treatment of moderate to severe lumbar spinal stenosis in conjunction with decompression.

The medical devices that we develop, manufacture, distribute, and market are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and numerous other federal, state, and foreign governmental authorities. The process of obtaining FDA clearance and other regulatory approvals to develop and market a medical device, particularly from the FDA, can be costly and time-consuming, and there can be no assurance that such approvals will be granted on a timely basis, if at all. While we believe that we have obtained, or will be able to obtain, all necessary clearances and approvals for the manufacture and sale of our implants and that they are, or will be, in material compliance with applicable FDA and other material regulatory requirements, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue such compliance. After an implant is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements continue to apply. Those regulatory requirements may include, as applicable: product listing and establishment registration; QSRs, which requires manufacturers, including third-party manufacturers, to follow stringent design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during all aspects of the manufacturing process; labeling regulations (including unique device identification (“UDI”) requirements), and FDA prohibitions against the promotion of products for uncleared, unapproved, or off-label uses or indications; clearance of product modifications that could significantly affect safety or efficacy or that would constitute a major

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change in intended use of one of our cleared devices; Medical Device Reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury, or has malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction of the device or a similar device were to recur; post-approval restrictions or conditions, including post-approval study commitments; post-market surveillance regulations, which apply when necessary to protect the public health or to provide additional safety and effectiveness data for the device; the FDA’s recall authority, whereby it can ask, or under certain conditions order, device manufacturers to recall from the market a product that is in violation of governing laws and regulations; regulations pertaining to voluntary recalls; and notices of corrections or removals.

We and certain of our suppliers also are subject to announced and unannounced inspections by the FDA to determine our compliance with FDA’s QSR and other regulations. If the FDA were to find that we or certain of our suppliers have failed to comply with applicable regulations, the agency could institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from a public Warning Letter to more severe sanctions such as: fines and civil penalties against us, our officers, our employees or our suppliers; unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions; delays in clearing or approving, or refusal to clear or approve, our products; withdrawal or suspension of approval of our products or those of our third-party suppliers by the FDA or other regulatory bodies; product recall or seizure; interruption of production; operating restrictions; injunctions; and criminal prosecution. Moreover, governmental authorities outside the United States have become increasingly stringent in their regulation of medical devices, and our products may become subject to more rigorous regulation by non-U.S. governmental authorities in the future. U.S. or non-U.S. government regulations may be imposed in the future that may have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. The EU has nationally transposed regulations based on the European Commission (“EC”) Medical Device Directives (“MDD”) for the control of medical devices with which manufacturers must comply. New Medical Device Regulations (“MDR”) were slated to replace the medical device directives effective May 26, 2020 in the EU. As of April 23, 2020, implementation of the EU MDR has been delayed until May 26, 2021. Manufacturers must have received Conformitè Europèene (“CE”) certification from a “notified body” to be able to sell products within the member states of the EU. Certification allows manufacturers to stamp the products of certified plants with a CE mark. Products covered by the EC directives that do not bear the CE mark cannot be sold or distributed within the EU. All products that we distribute in the EU have received CE certification.

All medical devices currently distributed in the EU under MDD are likely impacted by the upcoming implementation of MDR. MDR may also include products, such as human tissue, not traditionally considered medical devices in the EU. Additionally, MDR, among other things, increases regulatory requirements for several medical device groupings applicable to our implants distributed in the EU, including strengthening notified body oversight for Class I reusable surgical instruments, and up-classifying spinal devices in contact with the spinal column. We received MDR certification in October 2020.

Our products may be reimbursed by third-party payers, such as government programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, and Tricare or private insurance plans and healthcare networks. Third-party payers may deny reimbursement if they determine that a device provided to a patient or used in a procedure does not meet applicable payment criteria or if the policy holder’s healthcare insurance benefits are limited. Also, third-party payers may challenge the medical necessity and prices paid for our products and services.

The False Claims Act, Anti-Kickback Statute, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and United Kingdom Bribery Act of 2010, as well as state and international anti-bribery and anti-corruption legislation, regulate the conduct of medical device companies’ interactions with the healthcare industry. Among other things, these laws and others generally: (1) prohibit the provision of anything of value in exchange for the referral of patients for, or the purchase, order, or recommendation of, any item or service reimbursed by a federal healthcare program, (including Medicare and Medicaid); (2) require that claims for payment submitted to federal healthcare programs be truthful; and (3) prohibit inappropriate payment to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. We maintain a compliance program that incorporates the seven fundamental elements as set forth by the Office of the Inspector General within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This facilitates our compliance with requirements regarding the prohibition of inappropriate transfers of value in exchange for referrals or obtaining or retaining foreign business engagements, prohibition regarding the submission of inappropriate claims for reimbursement to federal healthcare programs, as well as generally ensuring ethical interactions with the healthcare industry both domestically and internationally.

Under Section 6002 of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (known as the Physician Payment Sunshine Act) and similar state and international transparency reporting legislation, we are required to collect and report data regarding payments or other transfers of value to physicians, teaching hospitals, and other persons in the healthcare industry. Our compliance program ensures all such payments and transfers of value are appropriate per the requirements of applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption legislation and that all required data is reported to relevant U.S. and International governmental entities as called for by applicable transparency reporting legislation.

In addition, U.S. federal, state, and international laws protect the confidentiality of certain health and other personal information, in particular individually identifiable information such as medical records and other protected health information (“PHI”), and restrict the use and disclosure of such information. In administering our employee health plan, we comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”). In our dealing with customers such as health care providers

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or hospitals, we are not a Covered Entity or Business Associate as defined by the HIPAA Privacy Rule, but we voluntarily incorporate applicable HIPAA standards in our corporate policies regarding handling of PHI we receive. We are also subject to the California Consumer Privacy Act. At the international level, the General Data Protection Regulation (EU 2016/679) (“GDPR”) applies to our processing of personal data of EU residents. This law regulates and protects the collection, use, processing, and disclosure of personal information, including by imposing privacy and security requirements and penalties for violations. We comply with this regulation for both general personal data as well as the higher sensitivity standards for health and financial data and are implementing the standards of this regulation as part of our corporate policy for processing personal data from all U.S. and international jurisdictions.

Corporate Compliance

We have a comprehensive compliance program. It is a fundamental policy of our company to conduct business in accordance with the highest ethical and legal standards. Our corporate compliance and ethics program is designed to promote legal compliance and ethical business practices throughout our domestic and international businesses.

Our compliance program is designed to substantially meet the U.S. Sentencing Commission’s guidelines for effective organizational compliance and ethics programs and to detect and prevent violations of applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Our compliance program is global in nature; designed and operationalized to ensure compliance with relevant international laws and multi-jurisdictional legislation, including, but not limited to: OFAC, FCPA, UK Bribery Act, Modern Slavery, HIPAA and GDPR.

Key elements of our compliance program include:

Employees

As of December 31, 2020, we had a total of 197 employees of which 81 were employed outside of the United States. None of our employees is represented by a labor union, and we consider our employee relations to be good. We believe a strong employee culture and a commitment to improving patient lives by advancing the standard of spine care will help foster a shared sense of engagement and purpose among our employees and provide us with a competitive advantage. Our culture and employees are driven by our five values: being relentless, gritty and tenacious; acting with speed; being customer-focused and patient-minded; leading with integrity; and being bold and acting courageously. We intend to attract and retain the best talent in the industry by offering competitive pay, annual incentive awards, equity opportunities, health, wellness and retirement benefits, and a work environment that enables our employees to fully utilize their potential and deliver long-term stockholder value. We also believe having a diverse workforce, including diversity of personal characteristics and experience, is important for us to succeed as we transform our legacy business into Surgalign: a leading stand-alone spinal implant company.

Seasonality

Our business is generally not seasonal in nature; however, the number of orthopedic implant surgeries and elective procedures generally declines during the summer months and our increases in the fourth quarter.

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Available Information

Our Internet address is www.surgalign.com. Information included on our website is not incorporated by reference herein or in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. We make available, free of charge, on or through the investor relations portion of our website, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we file such material with, or furnish it to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  These filings are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.  Also available on our website is our Corporate Governance Guidelines, our Code of Conduct, our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Professionals, and the charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee. Within the time period required by the SEC and Nasdaq, we will post any amendment to our Code of Ethics for our senior financial professionals and any waiver of our Code of Conduct applicable to our senior financial professionals, executive officers and directors.

Risks Related to the Business

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.  You should consider each of the risks and uncertainties described in this section and all of the other information in this document before deciding to invest in our common stock.  Any of the risk factors we describe below could severely harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.  The market price of our common stock could decline if any of these risks or uncertainties develops into actual events and you may lose all or part of your investment.

COVID-19 has had and may continue to have a material, adverse impact on us.

A novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, has spread globally, including to the United States, Germany and Poland where we have significant operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has directly and indirectly materially and adversely affected our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. The extent to which these adverse impacts will continue will depend on numerous evolving factors that are highly uncertain, rapidly changing and cannot be predicted with precision or certainty at this time.

Across our operations, although most governmental restrictions on certain medical procedures have been lifted, the pandemic has adversely impacted our business activities, as healthcare resources are still being prioritized for the treatment and management of the outbreak in some cases. Consequently, there are delays in delivering certain elective and non-emergent procedures and significant volatility or reductions in demand for such procedures may continue. The COVID-19 pandemic poses the risk that hospitals and other healthcare providers may be prevented from conducting business activities for an indefinite period of time, including due to spread of the disease or due to shutdowns that have been and may continue to be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. Further, disruptions in the manufacture or distribution of our products or in our supply chain may occur as a result of the pandemic or pandemic-related events that result in staffing shortages, production slowdowns, stoppages, or disruptions in delivery systems, any of which could materially and adversely affect our ability to manufacture and/or distribute our products, or to obtain the raw materials and supplies necessary to manufacture and/or distribute our products, in a timely manner, or at all.

Many of our employees were furloughed at some point during 2020 and although our operations are beginning to increase towards normal levels, we continue to have many employees working remotely as a result of COVID-19 and the sale of the OEM Businesses. COVID-19 has had an adverse effect on the overall productivity of our workforce, and we may be required to continue to take extraordinary measures to ensure the safety of our employees and those of our business partners. In addition, our employees may be required to take time off for extended periods of time due to illness or as a result of government-imposed changes to daily routines. It is unknown how long these disruptions could continue.

As the global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, it could continue to materially and adversely affect our revenues, cash flows, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects for an indeterminate period of time. Notwithstanding recent developments with respect to vaccines for COVID-19, we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that the ongoing pandemic will have due to numerous factors that are not within our control, including its duration and severity. Stay-at-home and shelter-in-place orders, business closures, travel restrictions, supply chain disruptions, employee illness or quarantines, and other extended periods of interruption to our business have resulted and could continue to result in disruptions to our operations. These interruptions have had and could continue to have adverse impacts on the growth of our business, have caused and could continue to cause us to cease or delay operations, and could prevent our customers from receiving shipments or processing payments. Any worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic could result in additional material adverse impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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If our essential employees who are unable to telework become ill or otherwise incapacitated, our operations may be adversely impacted.

As a medical device supplier, we fall generally within a “critical essential infrastructure” sector, and we are considered exempt under most stay-at-home and shelter-in-place orders. Accordingly, our employees may continue to work because of the importance of our operations to the health and well-being of citizens in the states in which we operate. Consistent with these stay-at-home and shelter-in-place orders, we have implemented telework policies wherever possible for appropriate categories of “nonessential” employees. “Essential” employees that are unable to telework continue to work at our facilities, and while we believe that we have taken appropriate measures to ensure the health and well-being of our “essential” employees, there can be no assurances that our measures will be sufficient to protect our employees in our workplace or prevent them from being exposed to COVID-19 outside of our workplace. If a number of our essential employees become ill, incapacitated or are otherwise unable to continue working during the current or any future epidemic, our operations, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely impacted.

We have a history of net losses, we expect to continue to incur net losses in the near future, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability.

We have a history of net losses from our continuing operations. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we incurred net losses from continuing operations of $194.2 million, $248.8 million and $49.6, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $485.0 million. We have incurred significant net losses and have relied on our ability to fund our operations through revenues from the sale of our products, the disposition of our OEM Businesses, and from various financings. A successful transition to sustained profitability is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. This may not occur and, unless and until it does, we will continue to need to raise additional capital. We may seek additional funds from public and private equity or debt financings, borrowings under debt facilities or other sources to fund our projected operating requirements. However, we may not be able to obtain further financing on reasonable terms or at all. If we are unable to raise additional funds on a timely basis, or at all, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects will be materially adversely affected.

Our operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future, which makes our future operating results difficult to predict and could cause our operating results to fall below expectations.

Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future operating results. These fluctuations may occur due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control, including, but not limited to:

The effect of one of the factors discussed above, or the cumulative effects of a combination of factors, could result in large fluctuations and unpredictability in our quarterly and annual operating results. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. Investors should not rely on our past results as an indication of our future performance.

Our auditors have issued a “going concern” audit opinion.

Our independent auditors have indicated in their report on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018, December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020 that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. See Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. A “going concern” opinion indicates that the financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and

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classification of liabilities that may result if we do not continue as a going concern. Therefore, you should not rely on our consolidated balance sheet as an indication of the amount of proceeds that would be available to satisfy claims of creditors, and potentially be available for distribution to stockholders, in the event of liquidation.

Further, we are projecting that we will continue to generate significant negative operating cash flows over the next 12 months and beyond. In consideration of these projected negative cash flows, as well as, (i) income taxes to be paid related to the gain on sale associated with our sale of the OEM Businesses, (ii) contingent consideration amounts payable in common stock and cash in connection with the Holo Surgical acquisition (including approximately $9 million which is expected to come due if certain regulatory approvals in the United States are obtained in 2021), (iii) additional payment obligations we may owe to our suppliers in respect of minimum purchase requirements under our supply contracts, (iv) uncertainties related to potential settlements from ongoing litigation and regulatory investigations, and (v) uncertainties related to COVID-19, we have forecasted the need to raise additional capital in order to continue as a going concern. Our operating plan for the next 12-month period also includes continued investments in our product pipeline that will necessitate additional debt and/or equity financing in addition to the funding of future operations through 2021 and beyond. Our ability to raise additional capital may be adversely impacted by potential worsening global economic conditions and the recent disruptions to, and volatility in, financial markets in the United States and worldwide resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Further, if there remains substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and no assurance can be given that future financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for our stockholders, in the case of equity financing. If cash resources are insufficient to satisfy our ongoing cash requirements through 2021, we may be required to scale back operations, reduce research and development expenses, and postpone, as well as suspend, capital expenditures, in order to preserve liquidity, or be forced to liquidate the Company, in which case it is likely that investors will lose all or a part of their investment.

We are involved in an ongoing government investigation by the SEC, the results of which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and business.

The Audit Committee of our Board of Directors (“Board”), with the assistance of independent legal and forensic accounting advisors, conducted an internal investigation of matters relating to our revenue recognition practices for certain contractual arrangements, primarily with OEM customers, including the accounting treatment, financial reporting and internal controls related to such arrangements (the “Investigation”). The Investigation also examined transactions to understand the practices related to manual journal entries for accrual and reserve accounts. The Investigation was precipitated by an investigation that the SEC is currently conducting of prior period matters relating to our revenue recognition practices (the “SEC Investigation”). The SEC has subpoenaed certain documents and taken informal testimony from certain individuals in connection with its investigation, and we are cooperating with the SEC in connection with its investigation. Investigations of this nature are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted. Regardless of the outcome, the SEC Investigation has had and may continue to have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. The SEC Investigation could also result in reputational harm to us, which, among other things, may limit our ability to obtain new customers and enter into new agreements with our existing customers, or our ability to obtain financing, and have a material adverse effect on our current and future business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We have contacted the SEC regarding a potential settlement of the SEC Investigation and are awaiting a response. It is uncertain at this time whether any settlement will be reached or the terms of any such settlement, which could include the payment of significant monetary amounts. If we are unable to reach a settlement with the SEC, or if the terms of such settlement involve significant monetary payments, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, along with our reputation with customers and business partners, could be significantly adversely affected.

There is currently ongoing stockholder litigation related to the Investigation and the SEC Investigation. A class action complaint was filed by Patricia Lowry, a purported stockholder of the Company, against us, and certain of our current and former officers, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on March 23, 2020 asserting claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and demanding a jury trial (the “Class Action”). The court appointed a different stockholder as lead plaintiff and that stockholder filed an amended complaint on August 31, 2020. On October 15, 2020, we and the other named defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint, to which the parties are in the process of filing responsive pleadings.

Additionally, on June 5, 2020, a derivative stockholder lawsuit demanding a jury trial was filed by David Summers in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of the Company against certain of our current and former directors and officers. On June 12, 2020, a derivative stockholder lawsuit demanding a jury trial was filed by Niall Campbell in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of the Company against certain of our current and former directors and officers. On July 7, 2020, a third derivative stockholder lawsuit demanding a jury trial was filed by Dominick De Filippis in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of the Company against certain of our current and former directors and officers. These derivative actions were consolidated and have been stayed pending the outcome of the aforementioned motion to dismiss the Class Action.

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In the future, we may become subject to additional litigation or governmental proceedings or investigations that could result in additional unanticipated legal costs regardless of the outcome of the litigation. If we are not successful in any such litigation, we may be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs. Based on the current information available to us, the impact that current or any future stockholder litigation may have on the Company cannot be reasonably estimated.

The SEC Investigation and the restatement of our previously issued financial statements, the errors that resulted in such restatement, the material weaknesses that were identified in our internal control over financial reporting and the determination that our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, could result in loss of investor confidence and additional litigation or governmental proceedings or investigations, any of which could cause an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

In connection with the filing of our Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we corrected certain historical errors related to the timing of our revenue recognition for certain contractual arrangements, primarily with OEM customers, including the accounting treatment, financial reporting and internal controls related to such arrangements. As a result, we have determined that revenue for certain invoices should have been recognized at a later date than when originally recognized. In response to binding purchase orders from certain OEM customers, goods were shipped and received by the customers before requested delivery dates and agreed-upon delivery windows. In many instances, the OEM customers requested or approved the early shipments, but on other occasions the goods were delivered early without obtaining the customers’ affirmative approval. Some of those unapproved shipments were shipped by employees in order to generate additional revenue and resulted in shipments being pulled from a future quarter into an earlier quarter. In addition, we have concluded that, in July 2017, an adjustment was improperly made to a product return provision in our former Direct Division business segment. The revenue for those shipments has been restated, as well as for other orders that shipped earlier than the purchase order due date in the system for which we could not locate evidence that the OEM customers had requested or approved the shipments. In addition, we have concluded that, in the periods from 2015 through the fourth quarter of 2018, certain adjustments were incorrectly or erroneously made via manual journal entries to accrual/reserve accounts, including, but not limited to, a July 2017 adjustment to a product return provision in our former Direct Division. Due to these determinations, we concluded that our previously issued consolidated financial statements for fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2017 and 2018, and selected financial data for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, and each of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures for the quarterly and year-to-date periods during such years, as well as the first three quarters of 2019, should be restated, and we have subsequently restated them. As a result of these errors and restatement, we are subject to additional risks and uncertainties, including those related to existing and potential litigation, governmental proceedings and investigations and loss of investor confidence. Such existing and potential litigation, proceedings and investigations could result in significant legal costs regardless of the outcome. If we are not successful in any such litigation, proceeding or investigation, we may also be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs.

In connection with this restatement of our prior consolidated financial statements, we have also identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, and management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2018, December 31, 2019 or as of December 31, 2020. Remediation efforts, which remain ongoing, place a significant burden on management and add increased pressure to our financial resources and processes. For further discussion of the material weakness, see Item 9A. Controls and Procedures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

There can be no guarantee that we will be able to remediate our material weaknesses. If we are unable to successfully remediate our existing or any future material weaknesses or other deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting and the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting and disclosures and our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, market value of our securities and ability to access the capital markets through debt issuances could be adversely affected.

Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions or to the exclusion of some suppliers from certain of our markets, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Numerous initiatives and reforms initiated by legislators, regulators and third-party payers to curb rising healthcare costs, in addition to other economic factors, have resulted in a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to create new companies with greater market power, including hospitals. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition to provide products and services to industry participants has become, and will likely continue to become, more intense. This in turn has resulted, and will likely continue to result in, greater pricing pressures and the exclusion of certain suppliers from various market segments as group purchasing organizations, independent delivery networks, and large single accounts continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for some of our existing and prospective customers. We expect the market demand, government regulation, and third-party reimbursement policies, among other potential factors, will continue to change the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers and prospective customers, which may reduce competition among our existing and prospective customers, exert further downward pressure on the prices of our implants and may adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business, prevent us from accessing critical information or expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including patient health information, personally identifiable information about our employees, intellectual property, and proprietary business information. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing on-site and off-site systems. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information including research and development information, commercial information and business and financial information.

The secure processing, storage, maintenance and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy, and we devote significant resources to protecting such information. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers, viruses, breaches or interruptions due to employee error or malfeasance, terrorist attacks, hurricanes, fire, flood, other natural disasters, power loss, computer systems failure, data network failure, internet failure, or lapses in compliance with privacy and security mandates. Any such virus, breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. We have measures in place that are designed to detect and respond to such security incidents and breaches of privacy and security mandates, but these measures may not adequately protect us from any risks. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, government enforcement actions and regulatory penalties. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also interrupt our operations, including our ability to receive and ship orders from customers, bill our customers, provide customer support services, conduct research and development activities, process and prepare company financial information, manage various general and administrative aspects of our business and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.

If we fail to maintain existing strategic relationships or are unable to identify distributors of our implants, our revenues may decrease.

We currently derive a significant amount of our revenues through distributors. Variations in the timing and volume of orders by our distributors, particularly those who distribute a significant amount of our implants, may have a material effect upon our revenues. Further, if our relationships with our distributors are terminated or impaired for any reason and we are unable to replace these relationships with other means of distribution, we could suffer a material decrease in revenues.

We may need, or decide it is otherwise advantageous to us, to obtain the assistance of additional distributors to market and distribute our new implants and technologies, as well as to market and distribute our existing implants and technologies, to existing or new markets or geographical areas. We may not be able to find additional distributors who will agree to and are able to successfully market and distribute our implants and technologies on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If we are unable to establish additional distribution relationships on favorable terms, our revenues may decline. In addition, our distributors may choose to favor the products of our competitors over ours and give preference to them.

Also, our financial results are dependent upon the service efforts of our distributors. If our distributors are unsuccessful in adequately servicing our products, our sales could significantly decrease and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be adversely impacted.

If we, our suppliers or parties who manufacture our products fail to maintain the high quality standards that implants require, if we are unable to procure processing capacity as required, or if the parties who manufacture our products experience disruptions in their ability to procure materials to manufacture our products, our commercial opportunity will be reduced or eliminated.

Implants require careful calibration and precise, high-quality processing and manufacturing, and we rely on a small number of suppliers for the manufacturing of our implants. Achieving precision and quality control requires skill and diligence by our suppliers. If we or our suppliers fail to achieve and maintain these high standards, or fail to avoid processing and manufacturing errors, we could be forced to recall, withdraw or suspend distribution of our implants; our implants and technologies could fail quality assurance and performance tests; production and deliveries of our implants could be delayed or cancelled and our processing and manufacturing costs could increase. For example, our former OEM Businesses recently notified us that they are issuing a voluntary recall of their Cervalign ACP System, for which we are a distributor, and is in the process of conducting an internal quality review of the system’s locking mechanism. In connection with the voluntary recall, we are asking our customers and distributors to return any inventory of the Cervalign ACP System they have in their possession. We incurred a charge of approximately $2.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 as a result of our write-off of Cervalign ACP System inventory. We do not know if or when our former OEM Businesses will redesign or resume manufacturing of the Cervalign ACP System or if or when we will resume distributing this product or a substitute product, and a prolonged suspension of our distribution could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Furthermore, while we are not aware of any injuries caused by the defect in this product, there can be no assurance that we will not receive claims with respect to any such injuries in the future for which we may have liability and which

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could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In general, the reporting of product defects or voluntary recalls to the FDA or analogous regulatory bodies outside the United States, including the Cervalign ACP System recall, which was reported to the FDA on January 22, 2021, could result in manufacturing audits, inspections and broader recalls or other disruptions to our and/or our suppliers’ businesses. This and future recalls, whether voluntary or required, could result in significant costs to us and significant adverse publicity, which could harm our ability to market our products in the future.

In addition, since we rely on a small number of parties to manufacture our products, any interruption or cancellation in a limited or sole sourced component or raw material for such parties could materially harm their ability to manufacture our products until a new source of supply, if any, could be found, which would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, a change in parties who manufacture our products will require qualification of the new party to ensure they comply with our quality standards. Delays in qualifying a new party could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our future success is dependent upon our ability to increase penetration in our existing markets.

Our customer base includes healthcare providers, hospitals and other healthcare facilities and various original equipment manufacturers in the United States and throughout the rest of the world. Our success will depend upon our ability to increase our market penetration among these customers and to expand our market by developing and marketing new products and new applications for existing products. We recently announced our acquisition of Holo Surgical Inc. and its ARAI platform to enable digital spine surgery and our future success will partially depend on our ability to commercialize this offering. As we continue to scale our business and integrate recent acquisitions, we may find that certain of our products, certain customers or certain markets may require different commercial models, or sales personnel with different experience, than those we currently employ. In addition, we are reorganizing our commercial organization to align with our strategy going forward. Identifying, recruiting and training additional qualified personnel to meet these initiatives requires significant time, expense and attention, and may not be successful.

We cannot assure investors that we will be able to further penetrate our existing market or that the market will be able to sustain our current and future product offerings. Any failure to increase penetration in our existing markets would adversely affect our ability to improve our operating results.

Our success depends on the continued acceptance of our surgical implants and technologies by the medical community, and rapid technological changes could result in reduced demand for our implants and products.

New implants, technologies or enhancements to our existing implants may never achieve broad market acceptance, which can be affected by numerous factors, including lack of clinical acceptance of implants and technologies; introduction of competitive treatment options that render implants and technologies too expensive or obsolete; lack of availability of third-party reimbursement; and difficulty training surgeons in the use of implants and technologies.

Market acceptance will also depend on our ability to demonstrate that our existing and new implants and technologies are an attractive alternative to existing treatment options. Our ability to do so will depend on surgeons’ evaluations of the clinical safety, efficacy, ease of use, reliability and cost-effectiveness of these treatment options and technologies.

Furthermore, we believe that acceptance and recommendations by influential surgeons will be important to the broad commercial success of our implants and technologies. If our implants and technologies are not broadly accepted in the marketplace, we may not remain competitive in the market.

Additionally, technologies change rapidly in the industry in which we operate. For example, pharmaceutical advances could result in non-surgical treatments gaining more widespread acceptance as a viable alternative to spinal surgery. The emergence of new biological or synthetic materials to facilitate regeneration of damaged or diseased bone and to repair damaged tissue could increasingly minimize or delay the need for spinal surgery and provide other alternatives to our implants. Further, the increased acceptance of emerging technologies that do not require spinal surgery, such as artificial discs and nucleus replacement, would reduce demand for or slow the growth of sales of our products. We may not be able to respond effectively to technological changes and emerging industry standards, or to successfully identify, develop or support new technologies or enhancements to existing implants in a timely and cost-effective manner, if at all. If we are unable to achieve the improvements in our implants necessary for their successful commercialization, the demand for our implants will suffer.

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We face intense competition, which could result in reduced acceptance and demand for our implants and technologies.

The medical technology industry is intensely competitive. We compete with companies in the United States and internationally that engage in the development and production of medical technologies and processes including biotechnology, orthopedic, pharmaceutical, biomaterial and other companies; academic and scientific institutions; and public and private research organizations.

Many of our competitors have much greater financial, technical, research, marketing, distribution, service and other resources than we do. Moreover, our competitors may offer a broader array of medical devices, surgical instruments and technologies and have greater name recognition in the marketplace. Our competitors also include several development-stage companies, that may develop or market technologies that are more effective or commercially attractive than our technologies, or that may render our technologies obsolete.

We or our competitors may be exposed to product or professional liability claims which could cause us to be liable for damages or cause investors to think we will be liable for similar claims in the future.

Our business of designing and marketing medical devices and surgical instruments exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in such activities. In the ordinary course of business, we are the subject of product liability lawsuits alleging that component failures, manufacturing flaws, design defects or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or product-related information resulted in an unsafe condition or injury to patients.

Our product and professional liability insurance may not be adequate for potential claims if we are not successful in our defenses. Moreover, insurance covering our business may not always be available in the future on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. If our insurance proves to be inadequate to pay a damage award, we may not have sufficient funds to do so, which would harm our financial condition and liquidity. In addition, successful product liability claims made against one of our competitors could cause claims to be made against us or expose us to a perception that we are vulnerable to similar claims. Claims against us, regardless of their merit or potential outcome, may also hurt our ability to obtain surgeon acceptance of our implants or to expand our business.

If we are not successful in expanding our distribution activities into international markets, we will not be able to pursue one of our strategies for increasing revenues.

Our international distribution strategies vary by market, as well as within each country in which we operate. Our international operations will be subject to a number of risks which may vary from the risks we face in the United States, including the need to obtain regulatory approvals in additional foreign countries before we can offer our implants and technologies for use; the potential burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws; longer distribution-to-collection cycles, as well as difficulty in collecting accounts receivable; dependence on local distributors; limited protection of intellectual property rights; fluctuations in the values of foreign currencies; and political and economic instability.

Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business.

We are currently involved in stockholder class action and derivative litigation, as well as intellectual property litigation, and may in the future become involved in other class actions, derivative actions, private actions, collective actions, investigations, and various other legal proceedings by stockholders, customers, employees, suppliers, competitors, government agencies, or others. The results of any such litigation, investigations, and other legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. Although some of the costs and expenses of such claims may be covered by insurance, any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation, damage our reputation, require significant amounts of management time, and divert significant resources. If any of these legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or limits on our ability to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are dependent on our key management and technical personnel for continued success.

Our senior management team is concentrated in a small number of key members, and our future success depends to a meaningful extent on the services of our executive officers and other key team members, including members of our scientific staff. Generally, our executive officers and employees can terminate their employment relationship at any time. The loss of any key employees or our inability to attract or retain other qualified personnel could materially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Competition for qualified leadership and scientific personnel in our industry is intense, and we compete for leadership and scientific personnel with other companies that have greater financial and other resources than we do. Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified leadership and scientific personnel, and there can be no

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assurance that we are able to do so. Any difficulty in hiring or retaining needed personnel, or increased costs related thereto, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, the successful implementation of our growth strategy will depend in large part upon the ability and experience of members of our senior management and other personnel. Our performance will be dependent on our ability to identify, hire, train, motivate and retain qualified management and personnel, including personnel with experience in the medical technology industry. We may be unable to attract and retain such personnel on acceptable terms, or at all. If we lose the service of qualified management or other personnel or are unable to attract and retain the necessary members of senior management or personnel, we may not be able to successfully execute on our business strategy, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

Any acquisitions, strategic investments, divestures, mergers or joint ventures we make may require the issuance of a significant amount of equity or debt securities and may not be scientifically or commercially successful.

As part of our business strategy, we intend to make acquisitions to obtain additional businesses, product and/or process technologies, capabilities and personnel. If we make one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration includes securities, we may be required to issue a substantial amount of equity, debt, warrants, convertible instruments or other similar securities. Such an issuance could dilute your investment in our common stock or increase our interest expense and other expenses. For example, pursuant to the Holo Surgical Purchase Agreement, we may be required to pay contingent consideration to the Seller in an aggregate amount of up to $83 million, which must be first paid in shares of our common stock (in an amount of up to 8,650,000 shares) and then paid in cash thereafter. Additionally, in connection with our 2019 acquisition of Paradigm, we may be required to pay contingent consideration in an aggregate amount of up to $85 million in shares of our common stock and we may pay up to an additional $45 million of contingent consideration, at our election, in either cash or shares of our common stock. If some or all of such contingent consideration becomes payable and is paid in shares of our common stock, it could dilute your investment in our common stock. In addition, we may be required to amend our certificate of incorporation to increase our authorized capital stock in order to fully satisfy all such contingent consideration share payments, to the extent they become payable. Any such charter amendment would permit us to issue additional shares for future acquisitions or other purposes, which may lead to further dilution of your investment in our common stock.

Our long-term strategy may include identifying and acquiring, investing in or merging with suitable candidates on acceptable terms, divesting of certain business lines or activities or entering into joint ventures. In particular, over time, we may acquire, make investments in, or merge with providers of product offerings that complement our business or may terminate such activities. Mergers, acquisitions and divestitures include a number of risks and present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including but not limited to:

Any one of these risks could prevent an acquisition, strategic investment, divesture, merger or joint venture from being scientifically or commercially successful, which could have a material impact on our results of operations, and financial condition.

We may fail to realize the potential benefits of our Holo Surgical acquisition, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We recently completed our acquisition of Holo Surgical in October 2020. Holo Surgical is in the process of developing its ARAI platform, an artificial intelligence-based digital surgery platform designed to enable digital spine surgery. As a result, the Holo Surgical acquisition provides us with an entry into the digital surgical products market, a business line in which we have not

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previously engaged, which may be challenging to integrate with our core product lines and more difficult to develop and manage than we anticipated. We cannot provide assurance that this acquisition will result in long-term benefits to us or our stockholders, or that we will be able to effectively integrate and manage the Holo Surgical business. Our ability to successfully integrate, and realize the potential benefits of, Holo Surgical and its ARAI digital surgery platform is subject to a number of uncertainties and risks, including:

If we are not able to successfully integrate, develop and manage Holo Surgical and its operations, or if we experience delays or other challenges with executing our strategy for the ARAI platform or combining the businesses, the anticipated benefits of the acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer to realize than expected and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be negatively impacted. In addition, the integration process could result in higher than expected costs, diversion of management attention and disruption of either company’s ongoing businesses, any of which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

A disruption in our relationship with our former OEM Businesses could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our former OEM Businesses will continue to manufacture certain metal, synthetic and tissue-based implants and associated instrumentation and process certain sterilized allograft implants for us pursuant to distribution agreements with Ardi Bidco Ltd. and certain of its affiliates. During portions of the term of such distribution agreements, the OEM Businesses will also provide certain supply chain services (including warehousing and drop-shipment services) and design and development services to us. The distribution agreements will have an initial term of five years with a possibility of renewal. Our former OEM Businesses in the past have experienced and continue to experience delays, as a result of employee turnover or otherwise, which have and may in the future cause us to experience delays in receiving supplies under the distribution agreements. Any disruption in supply or a significant change in our relationship with the OEM Businesses could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we believe that there are alternate sources of supply that can satisfy our commercial requirements, we cannot be certain that identifying and establishing relationships with such sources, if necessary, would not result in significant delay or material additional costs.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

We and certain of our suppliers may be subject to extensive government regulation that increases our costs and could limit our ability to market or sell our products.

The medical devices we market are subject to rigorous regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and numerous other federal, state, and foreign governmental authorities. These authorities regulate the development, approval, classification, testing, manufacturing, labeling, marketing, and sale of medical devices. Likewise, our use and disclosure of certain categories of health information may be subject to federal and state laws, implemented and enforced by governmental authorities that protect health information privacy and security. See “Business – Government Regulation” herein for a summary of certain regulations

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to which we are subject. Further, we cannot predict whether, in the future, the U.S. or foreign governments may impose new regulations that have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The approval or clearance by governmental authorities, including the FDA in the United States, is generally required before any medical devices may be marketed in the United States or other countries. The process of obtaining FDA clearance and approvals to develop and market a medical device can be costly, time-consuming, and subject to the risk that such clearances or approvals will not be granted on a timely basis, if at all. The regulatory process may delay or prohibit the marketing of new products and impose substantial additional costs if the FDA lengthens review times for new devices. The FDA has the ability to change the regulatory classification of a cleared or approved device from a higher to a lower regulatory classification, or to reclassify human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products (HCT/P’s), either of which could materially adversely impact our ability to market or sell our devices and implants.

In addition, we may be subject to compliance actions, penalties, or injunctions if we are determined to be promoting the use of our products for unapproved or off-label uses, or if the FDA challenges one or more of our determinations that a product modification did not require new approval or clearance by the FDA. Device manufacturers are permitted to promote products solely for the uses and indications set forth in the approved product labeling. A number of enforcement actions have been taken against manufacturers that promote products for “off-label” uses, including actions alleging that federal health care program reimbursement of products promoted for “off-label” uses are false and fraudulent claims to the government. The failure to comply with “off-label” promotion restrictions can result in significant administrative obligations and costs, and potential penalties from, and/or agreements with, the federal government.

We and certain of our suppliers also are subject to announced and unannounced inspections by the FDA and other international notified bodies to determine our compliance with FDA’s Quality System Regulations (21 CFR Part 820) (“QSRs”) and other regulations. If the FDA were to find that we or certain of our suppliers have failed to comply with applicable regulations, the agency could institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from a public warning letter to more severe sanctions such as: fines and civil penalties against us, our officers, our employees, or our suppliers; unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions; delays in clearing or approving, or refusal to clear or approve, our products; withdrawal or suspension of approval of our products or those of our third-party suppliers by the FDA or other regulatory bodies; product recall or seizure; interruption of production; operating restrictions; injunctions; and criminal prosecution. The FDA also has the authority to request repair, replacement, or refund of the cost of any medical device manufactured or distributed by us. Any of the foregoing actions could have a material adverse effect on our development of new laboratory tests or business strategy and on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Moreover, governmental authorities outside the United States have become increasingly stringent in their regulation of medical devices, and our products may become subject to more rigorous regulation by non-U.S. governmental authorities in the future. U.S. or non-U.S. government regulations may be imposed in the future that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

If we fail to obtain, or experience significant delays in obtaining, FDA clearances or approvals for our future products or modifications to our products, our ability to commercially distribute and market our products could suffer.

Our products are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and numerous other federal, state and foreign governmental authorities. In particular, the FDA permits commercial distribution of most new medical devices only after the devices have received clearance under Section 510(k) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“501(k)”) or are the subject of an approved premarket approval application (“PMA”). The process of obtaining FDA clearance and approvals to develop and market a medical device can be costly, time-consuming, and subject to the risk that such clearances or approvals will not be granted on a timely basis, if at all.

Most of our metal and synthetic products, as well as our newly acquired Holo Surgical ARAI platform, fall into an FDA classification that requires the submission of a 510(k) application. This process requires us to demonstrate that the device to be marketed is at least as safe and effective as a legally marketed device. We must submit information that supports our substantial equivalency claims, and before we can market the new device, we must receive an order from the FDA finding substantial equivalence and clearing the new device for commercial distribution in the United States.

The 510(k) process generally takes three to nine months, but can take significantly longer, especially if the FDA requires a clinical trial to support the 510(k) application. Currently, we do not know whether the FDA will require clinical data in support of any 510(k) applications that we intend to submit for other products in our pipeline, including the ARAI platform. In addition, the FDA continues to re-examine its 510(k) clearance process for medical devices and published several draft guidance documents that could change that process. Any changes that make the process more restrictive could increase the time it takes for us to obtain clearances or could make the 510(k) process unavailable for certain of our products.

A PMA must be submitted to the FDA if the device cannot be cleared through the 510(k) process or is not exempt from premarket review by the FDA. A PMA must be supported by extensive data, including results of preclinical studies and clinical trials,

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manufacturing and control data and proposed labeling, to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction the safety and effectiveness of the device for its intended use. The PMA process is more costly and uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process, and generally takes between one and three years, if not longer. In addition, any modification to a 510(k)-cleared device that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, design or manufacture, requires a new 510(k) clearance or, possibly, a PMA. Modifications to products that are approved through a PMA application generally need FDA approval. Similarly, some modifications made to products cleared through a 510(k) application may require a new 510(k) application. Our commercial distribution and marketing of any products or product modifications that we develop will be delayed until regulatory clearance or approval is obtained. The FDA can delay, limit or deny clearance or approval of a device for many reasons, including:

Delays in obtaining regulatory clearances and approvals may:

The FDA may require clinical data in support of any future 510(k) applications or PMAs that we intend to submit for products in our pipeline. We have limited experience in performing clinical trials that might be required for a 510(k) clearance or PMA approval. If any of our products require clinical trials, the commercialization of such products could be delayed which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The safety of our products is not yet supported by long-term clinical data and may therefore prove to be less safe and effective than initially thought.

The ability to obtain a 510(k) clearance is generally based on the FDA’s agreement that a new product is substantially equivalent to certain already marketed products. Because most 510(k)-cleared products were not the subject of pre-market clinical trials, spine surgeons may be slow to adopt our 510(k)-cleared products, we may not have the comparative data that our competitors have or are generating, and we may be subject to greater regulatory and product liability risks. With the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, funds have been appropriated for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Healthcare Research and Quality to conduct comparative effectiveness research to determine the effectiveness of different drugs, medical devices, and procedures in treating certain conditions and diseases. Some of our products or procedures performed with our products could become the subject of such research. It is unknown what effect, if any, this research may have on our business. Further, future research or experience may indicate that treatment with our products does not improve patient outcomes or improves patient outcomes less than we initially expected. Such results would reduce demand for our products and this could cause us to withdraw our products from the market. Moreover, if future research or experience indicate that our products cause unexpected or serious complications or other unforeseen negative effects, we could be subject to significant legal liability, significant negative publicity, damage to our reputation and a dramatic reduction in sales of our products, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business is subject to complex and evolving U.S. and international laws and regulation regarding privacy and data protection. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation and could result in claims, changes to our business practices, penalties, increased cost of operations, or otherwise harm our business.

Regulatory authorities around the world have enacted laws and regulations, or are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals, concerning data protection. The interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws in the United States, EU and elsewhere are often uncertain and subject to change. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data practices. Failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could result in enforcement action against us, including fines, public censure, claims for damages by affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which became effective on January 1, 2020, establishes additional data privacy rights for California residents, including expanded rights to access and delete their personal information, opt out of certain personal information sharing and receive detailed information about how their personal information is used. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. In addition, on November 3, 2020, California voters approved a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which significantly modifies the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain personal information and creating a new state agency to oversee implementation and enforcement efforts. Many of the CPRA’s provisions will become effective on January 1, 2023. It remains unclear what, if any, further modifications will be made to this legislation or how it will be interpreted. Similar laws have been proposed in other states and at the federal level, and if passed, such laws may have potentially conflicting requirements that would make compliance challenging.

Recent legal developments in Europe have created compliance uncertainty regarding certain transfers of personal data from Europe to the United States. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation (EU 2016/679) (“GDPR”), which became effective in the European Union (the “EU”) on May 25, 2018, applies to our activities conducted from an establishment in the EU or related to products and services that we offer to EU customers. The GDPR created a range of new compliance obligations, which could cause us to change our business practices, and will significantly increase financial penalties for noncompliance. In addition, the European Commission in July 2016 and the Swiss Government in January 2017 approved the EU-U.S. and the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield frameworks, respectively, which are designed to allow U.S. companies that self-certify to the U.S. Department of Commerce and publicly commit to comply with the Privacy Shield requirements to freely import personal data from the EU and Switzerland. However, these frameworks face a number of legal challenges and their validity remains subject to legal, regulatory and political developments in both the EU and the United States. For example, on July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the EU invalidated the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework. This has resulted in some uncertainty, and compliance obligations could cause us to incur costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

If third-party payers fail to provide appropriate levels of reimbursement for the use of our implants, our revenues could be adversely affected.

The impact of U.S. healthcare reform legislation on our business remains uncertain. In 2010, federal legislation to reform the U.S. healthcare system was enacted into law. The impact of this far-reaching legislation, including Medicare provisions purportedly aimed at improving quality and decreasing costs, comparative effectiveness research, an independent payment advisory board, and pilot programs to evaluate alternative payment methodologies, could meaningfully change the way healthcare is designed and delivered. It is possible that aspects of currently enacted legislation may change or be struck down by the courts. The extent of any such changes and the impact on our business is uncertain. We therefore cannot predict what other healthcare programs and regulations will be ultimately implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect of any future legislation, court rulings or regulation in the United States. Amendments to, or rescissions of, existing laws and regulations, or the implementation of new ones, could meaningfully change the way healthcare is designed and delivered. Any change that lowers reimbursement for an implant, our services, or our other technologies, or that reduces medical procedure volumes, would likely adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, including fraud and abuse laws, as well as anti-bribery laws, and could face substantial penalties if we fail to fully comply with such regulations and laws.

Our relationship with foreign and domestic government entities and healthcare professionals, such as physicians, hospitals and those to whom and through whom we may market our implants and technologies, are subject to scrutiny under various federal, state and territorial laws in the United States and other jurisdictions in which we conduct business. These include, for example, anti-kickback laws, physician self-referral laws, false claims laws, criminal health care fraud laws, and anti-bribery laws (e.g., the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act of 2010). Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including, in some instances, fines, imprisonment and, within the United States, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, including Medicare, Medicaid and Veterans Administration health programs. These laws are administered by, among others, the Department of Justice, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, state attorneys general, and their respective counterparts in the applicable foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Many of these agencies have increased their enforcement activities with respect to medical device manufacturers in recent years.

We may be subject to suit under a state or federal whistleblower statute.

Those who engage in business with the federal government, directly or indirectly, may be sued under a federal whistleblower statute designed to combat fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry. These lawsuits, known as qui tam suits, are authorized under certain circumstances by the False Claims Act and can involve significant monetary damages and award bounties to private plaintiffs who successfully bring these suits. If any of these lawsuits were to be brought against us, such suits combined with increased operating costs and substantial uninsured liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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The Affordable Care Act has sought to link the violations of the Anti-Kickback Statute with violations of the False Claims Act, making it arguably easier for the government or for whistleblowers, acting in the name of the government, to sue medical manufactures under the False Claims Act.

In addition to federal whistleblower laws, various states in which we operate also have separate whistleblower laws to which we may be subject.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If our patents and the other means we use to protect our intellectual property prove to be inadequate, our competitors and other parties could exploit our intellectual property or develop and commercialize products and technologies similar or identical to ours and our ability to successfully commercialize any products may be adversely affected.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to obtain and maintain patent and other intellectual property with respect to our products. The law of patents and trade secrets is constantly evolving and often involves complex legal and factual questions. The U.S. government or applicable bodies in other jurisdictions may deny or significantly reduce the coverage we seek for our patent applications before or after a patent is issued. We cannot be sure that any particular patent for which we apply will be issued, that the scope of the patent protection will be comprehensive enough to provide adequate protection from competing technologies, that interference, derivation, reexamination, post-grant review, inter parties review or other proceedings regarding any of our patent applications will not be filed, or that we will achieve any other competitive advantage from a patent. In addition, it is possible that one or more of our patents will be held invalid or reduced in scope of claims if challenged or that others will claim rights in or ownership of our patents and other proprietary rights. If any of these events occur, our competitors and other parties may be able to use our intellectual property to compete more effectively against us.

The patent prosecution process is expensive, time-consuming, and complex, and we may not be able to file, prosecute, maintain, enforce, or license all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner. It is also possible that we will fail to identify patentable aspects of our research and development output in time to obtain patent protection. Because patent applications remain secret until published (typically 18 months after first filing) and the publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that our patent application was the first application filed disclosing or potentially covering a particular invention. If another party’s rights to an invention are superior to ours, we may not be able to obtain a license to use that party’s invention on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, our competitors, many of which have greater resources than us, could obtain patents that will prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make use of our inventions either in the United States or in international markets. Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not always protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Litigation or regulatory proceedings in the United States or foreign countries also may be necessary to defend and enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights or to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of our competitors. These proceedings may prove unsuccessful and result in our patents being found invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and may also be costly, result in development delays, and divert the attention of our management. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

We rely on unpatented proprietary techniques, processes, trade secrets and know-how, which can be difficult to protect. It is possible that others will independently develop technology similar to our technology or otherwise gain access to or disclose our proprietary technologies. We may not be able to meaningfully protect our rights in these proprietary technologies, which would reduce our ability to compete.

We seek to protect these trade secrets and other proprietary technology, in part, by entering into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with parties who have access to them, such as our employees, collaborators, service providers, contract manufacturers, consultants, advisors, and other third parties. We also enter into confidentiality and invention or patent assignment agreements with our employees and consultants. We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that may have or have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary technology and processes. Despite these efforts, any of these parties may breach the agreements and disclose our proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may not be able to obtain adequate remedies for such breaches. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or unwilling to protect trade secrets. If any of our trade secrets were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a competitor or other third party, we would have no right to prevent them from using that technology or information to compete with us. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

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Our success depends in part on our ability to operate without infringing on, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property and proprietary rights of others, and if we are unable to do so we may be liable for damages.

We cannot be certain that U.S. or foreign patents or patent applications of other companies do not exist or will not be issued that would prevent us from commercializing our medical devices, surgical instruments and other technologies. Third parties have sued us, and in the future may sue us, for infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating their patent or other intellectual property rights, regardless of the merit of such claims. Intellectual property litigation is costly. Even if we believe third-party intellectual property claims are without merit, there is no assurance that a court would find in our favor on questions of infringement, validity, enforceability, or priority. If we do not prevail in litigation, we could be found liable for significant monetary damages, including treble damages and attorneys’ fees if we are found to have willfully infringed a patent or other intellectual property right. We could also be required to cease the infringing activity or obtain a license requiring us to make royalty and other payments. It is possible that a required license may not be available to us on commercially acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, a required license may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us, and it could require us to make substantial licensing, royalty and other payments. If we fail to obtain a required license or are unable to design around another company’s patent, we may be unable to make use of some of the affected technologies or distribute the affected surgical implants, which would reduce our revenues.

The defense costs and settlements for patent infringement lawsuits are not covered by insurance. Patent infringement lawsuits can take years to settle. Even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our management and other personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our common stock. If we are not successful in our defenses or are not successful in obtaining dismissals of any such lawsuit, we could be required to pay substantial legal fees or settlement costs. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants, or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers or claims asserting ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.

Many of our employees, consultants, and advisors are currently or were previously employed at universities or other biotechnology companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees, consultants, and advisors do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or these individuals have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of any such individual’s current or former employer. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

In addition, while it is our policy to require our employees and contractors who may be involved in the conception or development of intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who, in fact, conceives or develops intellectual property that we regard as our own. The assignment of intellectual property rights may not be self-executing, or the assignment agreements may be breached, and we may be forced to bring claims against third parties, or defend claims that they may bring against us, to determine the ownership of what we regard as our intellectual property. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our stock price has been, and could continue to be, volatile.

There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities, which may be unrelated to the financial performance of the companies issuing the securities. These broad market fluctuations could negatively affect the market price of our stock. The market price and volume of our common stock could fluctuate, and in the past has fluctuated, more than the stock market in general. During the 12 months ended December 31, 2020, the market price of our common stock has ranged from a high of $4.95 per share to a low of $1.49 per share. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them due to fluctuations in the market price of our stock. Some factors, in addition to the other risk factors identified above, that could have a significant effect on our stock market price include but are not limited to the following:

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The future issuance or sale of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such issuances or sales could occur, may negatively impact our stock price and you may experience significant dilution as a result of future issuances of our securities.

The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely impact its price. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize us to issue 150,000,000 shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2020, there were 81,678,179 shares of our common stock outstanding. Accordingly, a substantial number of shares of our common stock are outstanding and available for sale in the market. In addition, we may be obligated to issue additional shares of our common stock upon the exercise of outstanding options, in connection with employee benefit plans (including any equity incentive plans) and in connection with contingent payments under acquisition agreements to which we are a party.

In the future, we may decide to raise capital through offerings of our common stock, additional securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock, or rights to acquire these securities or our common stock. The issuance of additional shares of our common stock or additional securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock could result in dilution of existing stockholders’ equity interests in us. Issuances of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such issuances could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock, and we cannot predict the effect this dilution may have on the price of our common stock.

If securities analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business or if they publish negative evaluations of our stock, the price of our stock could decline.

The trading price for our common stock relies, in part, on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. If few analysts publish research or reports about us, the trading price of our stock would likely decrease. If one or more of the analysts covering our business downgrade their evaluations of our stock, the price of our stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our stock, we could lose visibility in the market for our stock, which, in turn, could cause our stock price to decline.

Certain provisions in our charter and bylaws and under Delaware law, and the terms of certain milestone obligations to which we are subject, may inhibit potential acquisition bids for our company and prevent changes in our management, which may adversely affect the price of our common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or changes in management that our stockholders might deem advantageous, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. As a result of these provisions, the price investors may be willing to pay for shares of our common stock may be limited. Moreover, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors. Because our Board is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace current members of our management team. These provisions include the ability of our Board to issue and set the terms of preferred stock, an absence of cumulative voting rights, advance notice procedures and the ability of our Board to amend our amended and restated bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval.

In addition, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prohibits a person who owns in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner.

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Further, pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2018, pursuant to which we acquired Paradigm, we will be obligated to pay some or all of the milestone payments thereunder that remain unpaid — whether or not we have achieved the milestones — upon a change in control of our company prior to December 31, 2022. In addition, under the Holo Surgical Purchase Agreement, any surviving entity or acquiror in a change of control transaction involving our company will be required to assume any outstanding milestone obligations thereunder. These milestone payments and obligations could likewise discourage or disincentivize a change of control of our company that our stockholders might deem advantageous.

None.

United States

The Company is headquartered in Deerfield, Illinois, in a leased space of 7,058 square feet for general and administrative functions.

In Minnetonka, Minnesota, we lease 11,419 square feet for general and administrative functions.

In Marquette, Michigan, we lease 2,755 square feet for general and administrative functions.

International

Germany

In Wurmlingen, Germany we lease 13,000 square feet for marketing, distribution, product development and general and administrative functions.

The Netherlands

On January 1, 2020, the Company exited the lease of the sales and distribution office in Houten consisting of approximately 10,000 square feet.

We believe that we have sufficient space and facilities to meet our current and foreseeable future needs.

The Company is, from time to time, involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of its operations in the ordinary course of business. The Company believes that none of the claims that were outstanding as of December 31, 2020 will have a material adverse impact on its financial position or results of operations. Please see Note 25, Legal Actions and Note 26, Regulatory Actions, to the consolidated financial statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for additional information regarding certain legal proceedings.

SEC and Related Audit Committee Investigation

As previously disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 16, 2020, the Audit Committee of the Board, with the assistance of independent legal and forensic accounting advisors, conducted an internal investigation of matters relating to the Company’s revenue recognition practices for certain contractual arrangements, primarily with OEM customers, including the accounting treatment, financial reporting and internal controls related to such arrangements (the “Investigation”). The Investigation also examined transactions to understand the practices related to manual journal entries for accrual and reserve accounts. The Investigation was precipitated by an investigation by the SEC initially related to the periods 2014 through 2016 (the “SEC Investigation”). The SEC Investigation is ongoing and the Company is cooperating with the SEC.  We have contacted the Staff regarding a potential settlement of the SEC Investigation and are awaiting a response.  

The Audit Committee completed its Investigation in the second quarter of 2020.  On April 7, 2020, the Audit Committee of the Board concluded that the Company would restate its previously issued audited financial statements for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, selected financial data for fiscal years 2015 and 2014, the unaudited financial statements for the quarterly periods within these years commencing with the first quarter of 2016, as well as the unaudited financial statements for the quarterly periods within the 2019 fiscal year. The Company filed the restated financial statements on June 8, 2020.

Based on the results of the Investigation, the Company concluded that revenue for certain invoices should have been recognized at a later date than when originally recognized. In response to binding purchase orders from certain customers of the

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formerly-owned OEM Businesses, goods were shipped and received by the customers before requested delivery dates and agreed-upon delivery windows. In many instances the OEM customers requested or approved the early shipments, but the Company determined that on other occasions the goods were delivered early without obtaining the customers’ affirmative approval. Some of those unapproved shipments were shipped by employees in order to generate additional revenue and resulted in shipments being pulled from a future quarter into an earlier quarter. In addition, the Company concluded that in July 2017 an adjustment was improperly made to a product return provision in the former Direct Division. The revenue for those shipments was restated, as well as for other orders that shipped earlier than the purchase order due date in the system for which the Company could not locate evidence that the OEM customers had requested or approved the shipments. In addition, the Company concluded that in the periods from 2015 through the fourth quarter of 2018, certain adjustments were incorrectly or erroneously made via manual journal entries to accrual/reserve accounts, including a July 2017 adjustment to a product return provision in the Direct Division, among others. Accordingly, the Company restated its financial statements to correct these adjustments.

There is currently ongoing stockholder litigation related to the Company’s Investigation.  A class action complaint was filed by Patricia Lowry, a purported shareholder of the Company, against the Company, and certain current and former officers of the Company, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on March 23, 2020 asserting claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and demanding a jury trial (“Lowry Action”). The court appointed a different shareholder as Lead Plaintiff and she filed an amended complaint on August 31, 2020.  On October 15, 2020, the Company and the other-named defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint and those motions are now ripe for review.

Three derivative lawsuits have also been filed on behalf of the Company, naming it as a nominal defendant, and demanding a jury trial.  On June 5, 2020, David Summers filed a shareholder derivative lawsuit (“Summers Action”) against certain current and former directors and officers of the Company (as well as the Company as a nominal defendant), in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois asserting statutory claims under Sections 10(b), 14(a) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, as well as common law claims for breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment and corporate waste.  Thereafter, two similar shareholder derivative lawsuits asserting many of the same claims were filed in the same court against the same current and former directors and officers of the Company (as well as the Company as a nominal defendant).  The three derivative lawsuits have been consolidated into the first-filed Summers Action.  On September 6, 2020 the Court entered an order staying the Summers Action pending resolution of the motions to dismiss in the Lowry Action.

In the future, we may become subject to additional litigation or governmental proceedings or investigations that could result in additional unanticipated legal costs regardless of the outcome of the litigation. If we are not successful in any such litigation, we may be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs.  Based on the current information available to the Company, the impact that current or any future stockholder litigation may have on the Company cannot be reasonably estimated.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Market Information and Holders

Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “SRGA.”

As of March 10, 2021, we had 297 stockholders of record of our common stock. We believe that the number of beneficial owners is substantially greater than the number of record holders because a large portion of our common stock is held of record through brokerage firms in “street name.”  The closing sale price of our common stock on March 10, 2021 was $2.29 per share.

The following table presents information with respect to our repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2020.

(1) The purchases reflect amounts that are attributable to shares surrendered to us by employees to satisfy, in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards, their tax withholdings obligations.

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Stock Performance Graph

The SEC requires us to present a chart comparing the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total stockholder return of: (1) a broad equity market index; and (2) a published industry or line-of-business index. We selected the Standard & Poor’s 500 Health Care Equipment Index based on our good faith determination that this index fairly represents the companies which compete in the same industry or line-of-business as we do.  The chart below compares our common stock with the Nasdaq Composite Index and the Standard & Poor’s 500 Health Care Equipment Index and assumes an investment of $100.00 on December 31, 2015 in each of the common stock, the stocks comprising the Nasdaq Composite Index and the stocks comprising the Standard & Poor’s 500 Health Care Equipment Index.

The statement of operations data set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, and selected balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 and for the three years ended December 31, 2020 are included elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The selected consolidated financial data for 2020, 2019, 2018 and 2017 set forth below has been recast for discontinued operations. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read along with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this document.

The statement of operations data set forth below for the year ended December 31, 2016, and the balance sheet data set forth as of December 31, 2016, have not been recast for discontinued operations, are unaudited and have been derived from our accounting records. There is sufficient information regarding the trend of income from continuing operations and the future cash flows in the presentation of the first four years, as well as throughout the financial statements where discontinued operations is presented, which would preclude the need to recast the 2016 financial statement data. Accordingly, such data set forth below is not comparable to the subsequent periods presented.

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The selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 reflect our adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The selected financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 also reflects our adoption of the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”). Finally, the selected financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 reflects our adoption of the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“Topic326”). See Note 4, Leases, and Note 6, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

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You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations together with those financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this filing. This discussion contains forward looking statements based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about us and our industry. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future.

Management Overview:

We are a global medical technology company focused on advancing the science of spine care by delivering innovative solutions, including the application of digital technologies, to drive superior patient outcomes. We have a broad portfolio of spinal hardware implants, including solutions for fusion procedures in the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine, motion preservation solutions for the lumbar spine, and a minimally invasive surgical implant system for fusion of the sacroiliac joint. We also have a portfolio of advanced and traditional orthobiologics, or biomaterials. In addition to our spinal hardware and biomaterials portfolios, we are developing a digital surgery platform that we call ARAI, for Augmented Reality and Artificial Intelligence, which we believe is one of the most advanced artificial intelligence technologies being applied to surgery, designed to automatically segment, identify, and recognize patient anatomy to autonomously assist the surgeon throughout the surgical procedure. This proprietary artificial intelligence-based platform system is an intelligent anatomical mapping technology designed to assist surgeons by allowing them to remain in safe anatomical zones, and to enhance surgical performance. We plan to leverage our digital surgery platform to improve patient outcomes and drive adoption of our spinal hardware implants and biomaterials products. We are developing a pipeline of new innovative technologies that we plan to integrate with our digital surgery platform.

Our product portfolio of spinal hardware implants and biomaterials products address an estimated $12.7 billion global spine market. We estimate that our current portfolio addresses nearly 87% of all surgeries utilizing spinal hardware implants and approximately 70% of the biomaterials used in spine-related uses. Our portfolio of spinal hardware implants consists of a broad line of solutions for spinal fusion in minimally invasive surgery (“MIS”), deformity, and degenerative procedures; motion preservation solutions indicated for use in one- or two-level disease; and an implant system designed to relieve sacroiliac joint pain. Our biomaterials products consist of a broad range of advanced and traditional bone graft substitutes that are designed to improve bone fusion rates following spinal surgery.

We offer a portfolio of products for thoracolumbar procedures, including: the Streamline TL Spinal Fixation system, a system for degenerative and complex spine procedures; and the Streamline MIS Spinal Fixation System, a broad range of implants and instruments used via a percutaneous or mini-open approach. We offer a complementary line of interbody fusion devices, Fortilink-TS, Fortilink-L, and Fortilink-A, in our TETRAfuse 3D Technology, which is 3D printed with nano-rough features that have been shown to allow more bone cells to attach to more of the implant, increasing the potential for fusion. We offer a portfolio of products for cervical procedures, including: the CervAlign ACP System, a comprehensive anterior cervical plate system; the Fortilink-C IBF System, a cervical interbody fusion device that utilizes TETRAfuse 3D technology; and the Streamline OCT System, a broad range of implants used in the occipito-cervico-thoracic posterior spine. Our motion preservation systems are designed to enable restoration of segmental stability, while preserving motion. These systems include: Coflex Interlaminar Stabilization device, the only FDA PMA-approved implant for the treatment of moderate to severe lumbar spinal stenosis in conjunction with decompression; and HPS 2.0 Universal Fixation System, a pedicle screw system used for posterior stabilization of the thoracolumbar spine that includes a unique dynamic coupler, shown to preserve motion and reduce the mechanical burden on adjacent segments. Our implant system for fusion of the sacroiliac joint, SImmetry SI Joint Fusion System, is a minimally invasive surgical implant system that has been clinically demonstrated to produce high rates of sacroiliac joint fusion and statistically significant decreases in opioid use, pain, and disability.

Through a series of distribution agreements, our product portfolio of biomaterials consists of a variety of bone graft substitutes including cellular allografts, demineralized bone matrices (“DBMs”) and synthetic bone growth substitutes that have a balance of osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to enhance bone fusion rates following spinal surgery. We market ViBone and ViBone Moldable, two next-generation viable cellular allograft bone matrix products intended to provide surgeons with improved results for bone repair. ViBone and ViBone Moldable are processed using a proprietary method optimized to protect and preserve the health of native bone cells to potentially enhance new bone formation and are designed to perform and handle in a manner similar to an autograft. ViBone and ViBone Moldable contain cancellous bone particles as well as demineralized cortical bone particles and fibers, delivering osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic properties. Our DBM product offering includes BioSet, BioReady, and BioAdapt, a DBM portfolio consisting of putty, putty with chips, strips, and boat configurations for various surgical applications while providing osteoinductive properties to aid in bone fusion. Our synthetic bone growth substitutes include nanOss and nanOss 3D Plus, a family of products that provide osteoconductive nano-structured hydroxyapatite (“HA”) and an engineered extracellular matrix bioscaffold collagen carrier that mimics a natural bone growth solution.

To complement our spinal hardware and biomaterials portfolios, we are developing a proprietary digital surgery platform called ARAI, which is a freestanding surgical guidance system that combines 3D visualization, data analytics, and machine learning, without interrupting the current surgical workflow. We believe it is one of the most advanced artificial intelligence technologies being applied to

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surgery, designed to automatically segment, identify, and recognize patient anatomy to autonomously assist the surgeon throughout the procedure. ARAI has been designed to address the limitations of current computer-assisted spine surgery and spine robotics systems that lack 3D visualization, patient anatomy recognition, and data analytics and that may have long setup requirements and lengthy registration times that can add significant amounts of time to the overall procedure.

ARAI combines (i) advanced augmented reality to provide the surgeon with an “X-ray vision”-like 3D overlay rendering of the patient’s anatomy, (ii) automated image processing and modular spine level identification and segmentation so the system knows the patient’s anatomy to enhance navigation, (iii) autonomous planning software and implant selection, and (iv) artificial intelligence and predictive analytics to provide autonomous guidance for preoperative and intraoperative surgeon decision-making. ARAI’s artificial intelligence has the ability to recognize the difference between patient anatomy, such as a nerve root and a blood vessel, and help identify anatomy within complex areas of the spine, where it is easy to miscount levels. ARAI has been designed with a unique setup process of quickly establishing the synchronization between virtual images and the patient’s real anatomy, a process called registration. Many other computer-assisted spine surgery and robotics systems have long setup requirements and registration times that can result in surgery delays, leading to inefficiencies that are cited as a major reason why surgeons have not yet widely adopted navigation and robotic technology. ARAI has been designed to provide surgeons with real-time perioperative information such as alerts and suggestions to ensure the correct operative plan is being followed, decrease surgical complications, reduce surgical times, and improve patient outcomes. We plan to make an FDA 510(k) premarket submission for our ARAI platform in the first quarter of 2021 and submit a CE mark application in Europe in 2022.

We plan to develop and commercialize several next-generation features for the ARAI platform, including smart instrumentation, integration with robotic platforms, patient-specific 3D printed implants, and diagnostic and predictive analytics. These surgical devices will be designed with tracking technology intended to allow real-time 3D visualization and positioning of the instruments in the surgical field and autonomous safety features to aid in surgical precision and help avoid potential damage to surrounding tissue and neurological structures. We are designing ARAI to be integrated with existing robotic platforms to make them “smart” by identifying relevant anatomy. In addition, we are designing the ARAI platform with a software application to enable patient-specific implants with exact dimensions, shape, and contour based on a patient’s specific bone density and height. We are also developing a novel diagnostic and predictive analytics capability using machine learning that leverages a large volume of patient data with known outcomes to allow for autonomous identification of spinal pathology.

We have aligned our core business principles with a focused business strategy that we believe will advance and scale our business with the ultimate goal of delivering on our promise to provide better patient outcomes. To support this effort, we have assembled a spine-industry experienced executive leadership team to execute against our growth strategy, which includes leveraging our digital surgery platform to improve patient outcomes and drive adoption of our spinal hardware implants and biomaterials products, developing and commercializing an increased cadence of innovative spinal hardware implants and biomaterials products, validating our innovative products with clinical evidence, growing our international business, and strategically pursuing acquisition, license, and distribution opportunities.

We currently market and sell our products to hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers, and healthcare providers in the United States and in more than 40 countries worldwide. Our U.S. sales organization consists of area sales directors and regional product specialists who oversee a network of independent spine and orthobiologics distributors who receive commissions for sales that they generate. Our international sales organization is composed of a sales management team that oversees a network of direct sales representatives, independent spine and orthobiologics distributors, and stocking distributors.

Sale of OEM Businesses, Retirement of Debt and Redemption of Preferred Stock

On July 20, 2020, pursuant to the OEM Purchase Agreement, by and between us and Ardi Bidco Ltd. (the “Buyer”), the Company sold the OEM Businesses to Buyer and its affiliates for a purchase price of $440 million of cash, subject to certain adjustments. In connection therewith on July 20, 2020, we (i) paid in full our $80 million revolving credit facility under that certain Credit Agreement dated as of June 5, 2018 (the “2018 Credit Agreement”), by and among Surgalign Spine Technologies, Inc. (formerly known as RTI Surgical, Inc. (“Legacy RTI”)), as a borrower, Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc. (“Pioneer Surgical”), our wholly-owned subsidiary, as a borrower, the other loan parties thereto as guarantors (together, with Legacy RTI and Pioneer Surgical, the “JPM Loan Parties”), JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (“JPM”), as lender (together with the various financial institutions as in the future may become parties thereto, the “JPM Lenders”) and as administrative agent for the JPM Lenders, as amended, (ii) terminated the 2018 Credit Agreement, (iii) paid in full our $100 million term loan and $30 million incremental term loan commitment under that certain Second Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2019 (the “2019 Credit Agreement”), by and among Surgalign Spine Technologies, Inc., as borrower, the lenders party thereto from time to time and Ares Capital Corporation (“Ares”), as administrative agent for the other lenders party thereto (the “Ares Lenders”), as amended and (iv) terminated the 2019 Credit Agreement.

On July 17, 2020, we received a notification from WSHP Biologics Holdings, LLC, an affiliate of Water Street Healthcare Partners (“WHSP”), seeking redemption on or before September 14, 2020 of all of the outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock, all of which are held by WSHP. On July 24, 2020, we redeemed the Series A Preferred Stock for approximately $67 million, a Certificate

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of Retirement was filed with the Delaware Secretary of State retiring the Series A Preferred Stock, and the WSHP representatives on the Company’s Board of Directors, Curtis M. Selquist and Chris Sweeney resigned from the Board of Directors.

On December 1, 2020, pursuant to the OEM Purchase Agreement, we received a notice from the Buyer indicating that a post-closing adjustment in an amount of up to $14 million may be owed in respect of the working capital adjustment paid at closing. We disagree with Buyer’s proposed post-closing adjustment and are disputing the adjustment in accordance with the terms of the OEM Purchase Agreement.

The OEM Businesses met the criteria within ASC 205-20 to be reported as discontinued operations because the Transactions were a strategic shift in business that had a major effect on our operations and financial results. Therefore, we are reporting the historical results of the OEM Businesses including the results of operations and cash flows as discontinued operations, and related assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for all periods presented herein. Unless otherwise noted, applicable amounts in the prior year have been recast to conform to this discontinued operations presentation. See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15, “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” of this Exhibit for additional information. Unless otherwise indicated, the following information relates to continuing operations. A more complete description of our business prior to the Transactions is included in Item 1. “Business”, in Part I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 that was previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on June 8, 2020.

Acquisition

On October 23, 2020 we completed the acquisition of Holo Surgical Inc. (“Holo Surgical”) pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2020 (the “Holo Purchase Agreement”), by and among us, Roboticine, Inc. (the “Seller”) and the other parties signatory thereto. Holo Surgical is a private technology company currently developing the ARAI platform, a differentiated digital spine surgery technology. As consideration for the transactions contemplated by the Holo Surgical Purchase Agreement, at closing, we paid to the Seller $30 million in cash and issued to the Seller 6,250,000 shares of our common stock with a fair value of $12.3 million. In addition, the Seller will be entitled to receive contingent consideration from us valued in an aggregate amount of $50.6 million as of October 23, 2020, which must be first paid in shares of our common stock (in an amount up to 8,650,000 shares) and then paid in cash thereafter, contingent upon and following the achievement of certain regulatory, commercial and utilization milestones by specified time periods occurring up to the sixth (6th) anniversary of the closing. The number of shares of common stock issued as contingent consideration with respect to the achievement of a post-closing milestone, if any, will be calculated based on the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the five (5) day trading period commencing on the opening of trading on the third trading day following the achievement of the applicable milestone. In connection with the contingent consideration, we have agreed not to take certain actions that could affect the ability to achieve the milestones related to the contingent consideration.

COVID-19

As discussed in more detail above in Part I, Item 1, “Business” of this Exhibit, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the corresponding governmental response, has had significant negative effects on the majority of the U.S. economy and has adversely affected our business. The consequences of the outbreak and impact on the economy continues to evolve and the full extent of the impact is uncertain as of the date of this filing. The outbreak has already had, and continues to have, a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition and has significantly disrupted our operations.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) often requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts. These estimates and judgments are based on historical experience and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Assumptions and judgments based on historical experience may provide reported results which differ from actual results; however, these assumptions and judgments historically have not varied significantly from actual experience and we therefore do not expect them to vary significantly in the future.

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“the CECL standards”). The adoption did not have material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. 

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. Our estimates or judgments as of the date of issuance of this Exhibit may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Accordingly, actual results could differ materially from our estimates or judgements made under different assumptions or conditions.

The accounting policies which we believe are “critical,” or require the most use of estimates and judgment, relate to the following items presented in our financial statements: (1) Excess and Obsolete Inventory Valuation; (2) Accounts Receivable Allowances; (3) Long-Lived Assets; (4) Intangible Assets and Goodwill; (5) Revenue Recognition; (6) Stock-Based Compensation Plans;  (7) Income Taxes; and (8) Contingent Consideration Valuation.

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Excess and Obsolete Inventory Valuation. Our calculation of the amount of inventory that is excess, obsolete, or will expire prior to sale has two components: 1) a demand or consumption based component that compares projected sales, expected consumption and historical sales to inventory quantities on hand; and 2) for expiring inventory we assesses the risk related to inventory that is near expiration by analyzing historical expiration trends to project inventory that will expire prior to being sold. Our demand based consumption model assumes that inventory will be sold on a first-in-first-out basis. Our metal inventory does not expire and can be re-sterilized and sold; however, we assess quantities on hand, historical sales, projected sales, projected consumption, the number of forecasted years, safety stock and those products we have determined to sunset when calculating the estimate.

Accounts Receivable Allowances. Since the adoption of the CECL standards on January 1, 2020, we maintain the allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance represents the current estimate of lifetime expected credit losses over the remaining duration of existing accounts receivable considering current market conditions and supportable forecasts when appropriate. The estimate is a result of our ongoing evaluation of collectability, customer creditworthiness, historical levels of credit losses, and future expectations. Write-off activity and recoveries for the years were not material.

Before 2020, we maintained allowances for doubtful accounts based on our review and assessment of payment history and our estimate of the ability of each customer to make payments on amounts invoiced. If the financial condition of any of our customers were to deteriorate, additional allowances might be required. From time to time we must adjust our estimates. Changes in estimates of the collection risk related to accounts receivable can result in decreases and increases to current period net income.

Long-Lived Assets. We periodically review our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to the net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. An impairment loss would be recorded for the excess of net carrying value over the fair value of the asset impaired. The fair value is estimated based on expected discounted future cash flows or other methods such as orderly liquidation value. The results of impairment tests are subject to management’s estimates and assumptions of projected cash flows and operating results. Changes in assumptions or market conditions could result in a change in estimated future cash flows and the likelihood of materially different reported results. Because our forecasted cash flow is negative, long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization were impaired and written down to their estimated fair values in 2020 and 2019.  

Goodwill. Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires companies to test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis at the reporting unit level (or an interim basis if an event occurs that might reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value). We have one reporting unit and the annual impairment test is performed at each year-end unless indicators of impairment are present and require more frequent testing. Goodwill is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill.

The income approach employs a discounted cash flow model that considers: (1) assumptions that marketplace participants would use in their estimates of fair value, including the cash flow period, terminal values based on a terminal growth rate and the discount rate; (2) current period actual results; and (3) projected results for future periods that have been prepared and approved by our senior management.

The market approach employs market multiples from guideline public companies operating in our industry.  Estimates of fair value are derived by applying multiples based on revenue and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) adjusted for size and performance metrics relative to peer companies.  A control premium was included in determining the fair value under this approach.

The cost approach considers the replacement cost adjusted for certain factors. Certain balance sheet items were adjusted to fair value before being utilized in estimating the value of the reporting units under the cost approach, including inventory, property and equipment, right of use assets, and other intangible assets.

All three approaches used in the analysis have a degree of uncertainty. Potential events or changes in circumstances which could impact the key assumptions used in our goodwill impairment evaluation are as follows:

The valuation of goodwill requires management to use significant judgments and estimates including, but not limited to, projected future revenue and cash flows, along with risk-adjusted weighted average cost of capital. Changes in assumptions or market conditions could result in a change in estimated future cash flows and the likelihood of materially different reported results.

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Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of tangible net assets of acquired businesses at the acquisition date, after amounts allocated to other identifiable intangible assets. Factors that contribute to the recognition of goodwill include securing synergies that are specific to our business, not available to other market participants, and are expected to increase revenues and profits; acquisition of a talented workforce; cost savings opportunities; the strategic benefit of expanding our presence in core and adjacent markets; and diversifying our product portfolio. As of December 31, 2020, there is not any goodwill recorded on the balance sheet.

Other Intangible Assets. Other intangible assets, which constitutes finite lives assets, generally consist of patents, acquired exclusivity rights, licensing rights, distribution agreements, and procurement contracts. Patents are amortized on the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining protection period or estimated useful lives of between 8 and 16 years.  Tradenames, procurement contracts, customer lists, acquired exclusivity rights, and distribution agreements are amortized over estimated useful lives of between 5 to 25 years. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the amortization expense for intangible assets is $0.9 million, $10.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively.

Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised products in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those products. The Company typically transfers control at a point in time upon shipment or delivery of the implants for direct sales, or upon implantation for sales of consigned inventory. The customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the implant at the time the implant is shipped, delivered, or implanted, respectively based on the terms of the contract.

The Company’s performance obligations consist mainly of transferring control of implants identified in the contracts. The Company’s transaction price is generally fixed. Any discounts or rebates are estimated at the inception of the contract and recognized as a reduction of the revenue. Some of the Company’s contracts offer assurance-type warranties in connection with the sale of a product to a customer. Assurance-type warranties provide a customer with assurance that the related product will function as the parties intended because it complies with agreed-upon specifications. Such warranties do not represent a separate performance obligation and are not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans. We account for our stock-based compensation plans in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Accounting for Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC 718”). FASB ASC 718 requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock. Under the provisions of FASB ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award (generally the vesting period of the award). We value restricted stock awards using the intrinsic value method, which is based on the fair market value price on the grant date. We use a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of restricted stock awards that contain a market condition.

Income Taxes. We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the tax consequences on future years for differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts which are more likely than not to be realized.

Contingent Consideration Valuation. We account for the contingent consideration related to the Holo Acquisition as a liability in accordance with the guidance of ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because the contingent consideration represents a conditional obligation that has a fixed monetary value known at inception and we may settle by issuing a variable number of our equity shares. The liability is recorded at its fair value at inception and shall be marked to market subsequently at the end of each reporting period, with any change recognized in the current earnings.  

Off Balance-Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2020, we had no off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K.

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth, in both dollars and as a percentage of revenues, the results of our operations for the years indicated:

2020 Compared to 2019

Revenues. Our total revenues decreased $15.7 million, or 13.3%, to $101.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $117.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 due to decreased demand during the year as a result of the reduction in elective surgical procedures primarily related to COVID-19 impacting our business.

Costs of Goods Sold. Costs of goods sold increased $11.2 million, or 34.2%, to $44.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $32.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Adjusted for the impact of one-time purchase accounting step-up and inventory write-offs, cost of goods sold increased $1.4 million or 4.8%, to $30.6 million, or 30.2% of revenue, for the year ended

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December 31, 2020, compared to $29.2 million, or 24.9% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in costs of goods was primarily due to product mix, specifically hardware products.

Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses. Marketing, general and administrative expenses decreased $11.0 million, or 8.1%, to $124.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $135.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in marketing, general and administrative expenses is primarily the result of $8.3 million of reduced spending on commission, marketing and distribution related to the decline in revenue.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses decreased $4.9 million, or 29.0%, to $11.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease in research and development expenses is the result of reduced spending on new product development, specifically external consultant and advisor expense, due to our focus on the sale of the OEM Businesses during the third quarter of 2020, as well as the furlough of a portion of our research and development team during the second quarter of 2020.

Loss (Gain) on Acquisition Contingency. Loss on acquisition contingency of $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 represented the change in our estimate of obligation for future milestone payments to Holo Surgical for the asset acquisition closed on October 23, 2020 offset by gain on acquisition contingency of $1.1 million due to change of estimate in contingent considerations for Paradigm and Zyga.  The gain on acquisition contingency of $76 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 was the result of an adjustment to our estimate of obligation for future milestone payments on the Paradigm and Zyga acquisitions.

Asset Acquisition Expenses. Asset acquisition expenses of $95.0 million were related to the Holo Acquisition. The total purchase price of Holo asset of $95 million was allocated to the net assets acquired based on their relative fair value as of the completion of the acquisition, primarily including the IPR&D related to Holo Surgical’s development of the ARAI Platform and other intangible asset for assembled workforce. The ARAI Platform has not yet reached technological feasibility and has no alternative future use; thus, the entire purchased IPR&D of $94.5 million was expensed immediately subsequent to the acquisition. Additionally, the intangible asset related to the assembled workforce of $0.5 million was immediately impaired together with other intangible assets in Q4 2020 due to the Company’s negative projected cash flow.         

Asset Impairment and Abandonments. Asset impairment and abandonments of $14.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily the result of the impairment of the property and equipment. Asset impairment and abandonments was $97.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, related to the impairment of our long-lived and other intangible assets. During 2019, we concluded, through the ASC 350 valuation testing, that factors existed at year-end indicating that long-lived assets in the Spine segment of legacy RTI were indicating impairment. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded impairment charges to other intangible assets totaling $85.1 million, to property and equipment, totaling $11.7 million, and to right-of-use assets totaling $0.2 million. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2019, another $0.3 million in other intangible assets were disposed separately from the ASC 350 valuation testing.

Goodwill Impairment. Goodwill impairment was $140.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was recorded in our Spine segment as a result of the change in segment structure. There was no goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Transaction and Integration Expenses.  Transaction and integration expenses of $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily consisted of $2.4 million related to the purchase of Paradigm and $1.5 million of expenses associated with the acceleration of stock compensation expense related to the OEM employees, compared to $14.0 million of Paradigm acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Total Net Other Income.  Total net other income, which includes interest expense, interest income, and foreign exchange loss increased to $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 from $39 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in total net other expense is primarily due to change in the foreign exchange gain and loss.

Income Tax Benefit (Provision).  Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $3.5 million compared to an income tax provision of $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.  Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 1.76% and (2.43%) respectively. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020, was primarily impacted by the non-deductible acquisition expenses, mainly offset by a valuation allowance, and the tax benefit recognized as a result of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”).  Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019, was primarily impacted by the gain recognized on acquisition contingency and goodwill impairment, offset by the establishment of a full valuation allowance in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.

Discontinued Operations. Net income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $160.4 million, including a gain on sale of the OEM Businesses of $209.8 million, transaction expenses of $23.6 million, and income taxes of $19.5 million. Net income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $37.1 million, net of $11.3 million of income tax benefit.

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2019 Compared to 2018

Revenues. Our total revenues increased $25.3 million, or 27.5%, to $117.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $92.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily as a result of increased distributions of our coflex® Interlaminar Stabilization® implants, partially offset by the abandonment of the map3®implant. Excluding our coflex® Interlaminar Stabilization® implants, our spine implants revenues decreased $5.0 million, or 5.4%, to $87.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $92.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Costs of Goods Sold. Costs of goods sold decreased $0.8 million, or 2.4%, to $32.8 million, or 27.9% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2019, from $33.6 million, or 36.5% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2018. Adjusted for the impact of purchase accounting step-up of $3.2 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and an inventory write-off of $6.6 million related to the abandonment of our map3®implant for the year ended December 31, 2018, cost of processing and distribution increased $3.2 million, or 12.1%, to $29.6 million, or 25.2% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $26.4 million, or 28.7% of revenue, for the year ended December 30, 2018. The increase in costs of goods sold was primarily due to the increased cost of processing and distribution associated with the inclusion of the sale of our coflex® Interlaminar Stabilization® implants as a result of the acquisition of Paradigm in 2019.

Marketing, General and Administrative Expenses. Marketing, general and administrative expenses increased $37.2 million, or 37.9%, to $135.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $98.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Marketing, general and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of revenues from 106.6% for the year ended December 31, 2018 to 115.3% for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to the Paradigm acquisition resulting in incremental headcount, marketing and administrative related expenses and increased legal cost related to patent litigation, all totaling $36.2 million.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $2.4 million, or 16.8%, to $16.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Research and development expenses decreased as a percentage of revenues from 15.6% for the year ended December 31, 2018, to 14.3% for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in research and development was in support of our strategic initiative to accelerate growth resulting in increased investment in new product development and clinical studies.

Gain on Acquisition Contingency. Gain on acquisition contingency was $76.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The gain on acquisition contingency was the result of an adjustment to our estimate of obligation for future milestone payments on the Paradigm and Zyga acquisitions. There was no gain on acquisition contingency for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Asset Impairment and Abandonments. Asset impairment and abandonments was $97.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, related to the impairment of long-lived and other intangible assets compared to $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily related to the abandonment of the map3®implant. During 2019, the Company concluded, through the ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and other (“ASC 350”) valuation testing, that factors existed at year-end indicating that long-lived assets were indicating impairment. As a result, for the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded impairment charges to other intangible assets totaling $85.1 million, to property and equipment totaling $11.7 million, and to right-of-use assets totaling $0.2 million. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2019, another $0.3 million in other intangible assets were disposed of separately from the ASC 350 valuation testing.

Goodwill Impairment. Goodwill impairment was $140.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was recorded as a result of the change in segment structure. There was no goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Transaction and Integration Expenses. Transaction and integration expenses related to the purchase of Paradigm including $0.9 million of severance expense and $5.9 million in other business development costs resulted in $14.0 million of expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $4.9 million of expenses related to the purchase of Paradigm and Zyga for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Total Other Income, net. Total other income, net, which includes interest expense, interest income, loss on extinguishment of debt and foreign exchange loss increased $0.1 million, to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to less than $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The increase in total other income, net is primarily due to interest income partially offset by an increase in foreign exchange loss as a result of increases in interest income and activity related to the purchase of Paradigm in 2019 compared to no activity in the prior year.

Income Tax (Provision) Benefit. Income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $5.9 million compared to an income tax benefit of $15.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was (2.4)% and 23.4% respectively. Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2019, was primarily impacted by a non-deductible goodwill impairment and valuation allowances established offset by non-taxable gain on acquisition contingency.

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Net income from Discontinued Operations. Net income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $37.1 million, net of $11.3 million of income taxes. Net income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $46.5 million, net of $10.9 million of income taxes. The decrease in net income from discontinued operations is the result of an increase in interest expense to $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We utilize certain financial measures that are not calculated based on GAAP. Certain of these financial measures are considered “non-GAAP” financial measures within the meaning of Item 10 of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. We believe that non-GAAP financial measures provide an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with the GAAP results, provide a more complete understanding of our results of operations and the factors and trends affecting our business. These non-GAAP financial measures are also used by our management to evaluate financial results and to plan and forecast future periods. However, non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, the corresponding measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures used by us may differ from the non-GAAP measures used by other companies, including our competitors.

To supplement our consolidated financial statements presented on a GAAP basis, we disclose non-GAAP net income applicable to common shares and non-GAAP gross profit adjusted for certain amounts.  The calculation of the tax effect on the adjustments between GAAP net loss applicable to common shares and non-GAAP net income applicable to common shares is based upon our estimated annual GAAP tax rate, adjusted to account for items excluded from GAAP net loss applicable to common shares in calculating non-GAAP net income applicable to common shares.  Reconciliations of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in the reconciliations below:

The following are explanations of the adjustments that management excluded as part of the non-GAAP measures for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Management removes the amount of these costs from our operating results to supplement a comparison to our past operating performance.

Severance and restructuring costs – These costs relate to the reduction of our organizational structure, primarily driven by simplification of our international operating infrastructure, specifically our distribution model.

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2020 and 2019 Loss /(Gain) on acquisition contingency – The loss on acquisition contingency for 2020 relates to an adjustment to our estimate of the obligation for future milestone payments on the Holo acquisition; while the gain on acquisition contingency in 2019 relates to an adjustment to our estimate of the obligation for future milestone payments on the Paradigm and Zyga acquisition.

2020 Asset acquisition expenses – The asset acquisition expenses relate to the Holo acquisition, consisting of $94.5 million acquired IPR&D related to Holo Surgical’s development of the ARAI Platform that was expensed immediately as the ARAI Platform has not yet reached technological feasibility; and $0.5 million of intangible asset related to the assembled workforce that was fully impaired due to the Company’s negative projected cash flow.  

2020, 2019 and 2018 Asset impairment and abandonments – These costs relate to asset impairment and abandonment of our property and equipment, lower distributions and ultimate discontinuation of our map3® implant and certain long-term assets at our U.S. facilities.

2019 Goodwill impairment – These costs relate to the goodwill impairment of our former Spine segment.

2020, 2019 and 2018 Inventory purchase price adjustment – These costs relate to the purchase price effects of acquired Paradigm and Zyga, respectively, inventory that was sold during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

2020, 2019 and 2018 Inventory write-off – These costs relate to an inventory write-off due to transition from an integrated manufacturing company to a distribution model and Cervalign product recall in 2020, the rationalization of our international distribution infrastructure and an inventory write-off related to lower distributions and ultimate discontinuation of our map3® implant in 2019 and 2018.

2020, 2019 and 2018 Transaction and integration expenses – These costs relate to transaction and integration expenses due to the purchase of Paradigm and Zyga as well as the disposal of OEM Businesses in 2020.

2020 Restatement and investigation related costs – These costs relate to consulting and legal fees and settlement expenses incurred as a result of the restatement, regulatory and related activities in 2020.

2020, 2019 and 2018 Net change in valuation allowance – This adjustment represents a net change in valuation allowance relating to foreign and certain state deferred tax assets.

2020 and 2018 Tax effect on new tax legislation – This adjustment represents charges relating to the Tax Legislation which was enacted on December 22, 2017.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As the global outbreak of COVID-19 continues to rapidly evolve, it could continue to materially and adversely affect our revenues, financial condition, profitability, and cash flows for an indeterminate period of time.

In connection with the Transactions on July 20, 2020, the Company (i) paid in full its $80 million revolving credit facility under that certain Credit Agreement dated as of June 5, 2018, by and among Surgalign Spine Technologies, Inc. (formerly known as RTI Surgical, Inc.), as a borrower, Pioneer Surgical Technology, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, as a borrower, the other loan parties thereto as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as lender and as administrative agent for the JPM Lenders, as amended (the “2018 Credit Agreement”), (ii) terminated the 2018 Credit Agreement, (iii) paid in full its $100 million term loan and $30 million incremental term loan commitment under that certain Second Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of March 8, 2019, by and among Surgalign Spine Technologies, Inc., as borrower, the lenders party thereto from time to time and Ares Capital Corporation, as administrative agent for the other lenders party thereto, as amended (the “2019 Credit Agreement”) and (iv) terminated the 2019 Credit Agreement. Additionally, the Company redeemed all of the outstanding shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. 

As discussed in Note 26, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has an active investigation that remains ongoing.  The Company continues to cooperate with the SEC in relation to its investigation. Based on current information available to the Company, the impact associated with SEC investigation and shareholder litigation may have on the Company cannot be reasonably estimated.

Going Concern

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern and in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The going concern basis of presentation assumes that we will continue in operation one year after the date these financial statements are issued, and we will be able to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

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As of December 31, 2020, we had cash of $44.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $485.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had a loss from continuing operations of $194.2 million. We have incurred losses from operations in the previous two fiscal years and did not generate positive cash flows from operations in fiscal year 2020.

On February 1, 2021, we closed a public offering and sold a total 28,700,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.50 per share, less the underwriter discounts and commissions. We received net proceeds of $40,467,000 from the offering after deducting the underwriting discounts and commission of $2,583,000.

We project we will continue to generate significant negative operating cash flows over the next 12-months and beyond.  In consideration of i) COVID-19 uncertainties, ii) negative cash flows that are projected over the next 12-month period, iii) the income taxes to be paid related to the gain on sale associated with the OEM Businesses, iv) uncertainty regarding potential settlements related to ongoing litigation and regulatory investigations, and v) approximately $9 million of the total contingent consideration of $50.6 million are expected to become due to the former owners of Holo Surgical if regulatory approval in the US is obtained in 2021, which would paid through combination of common stock and cash; we have forecasted the need to raise additional capital in order to continue as a going concern.  The Company’s operating plan for the next 12-month period also includes continued investments in its product pipeline which will necessitate additional debt and/or equity financing in addition to the funding of future operations through 2021 and beyond.

In consideration of the inherent risks and uncertainties and the Company’s forecasted negative cash flows as described above, management has concluded that substantial doubt exists with respect to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued. Management is planning to raise additional debt and/or equity financing and will attempt to curtail discretionary expenditures in the future, if necessary, however, in consideration of the risks and uncertainties mentioned, such plans cannot be considered probable of occurring at this time.  

The recoverability of a major portion of the recorded asset amounts shown in the Company’s accompanying consolidated balance sheets is dependent upon continued operations of the Company, which in turn is dependent upon the Company’s ability to meet its funding requirements on a continuous basis, to maintain existing financing and to succeed in its future operations. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue in existence.

2020 Compared to 2019

Our working capital at December 31, 2020 increased $25.7 million to $57.4 million from $31.7 million at December 31, 2019, primarily as a result of the proceeds from the sale of the OEM Businesses. As of December 31, 2020, we had $44.0 million of cash and cash equivalents. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company used approximately $88.0 million of cash in its operations, primarily related to the sale of the OEM Businesses working capital accounts.

At December 31, 2020, we had 98 days of revenues outstanding in trade accounts receivable, an increase of 26 days compared to December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily driven by the increase in the aging due to slower paying customers and the economic situation in 2020 as a result of Covid 19 pandemic. 

At December 31, 2020, excluding the purchase accounting step-up of Paradigm inventory, we had 218 days of inventory on hand, a decrease of 40 days compared to December 31, 2019. The decrease is primarily driven by the continued refinement within the E&O reserve due to the strategic shift within the business. We believe that our inventory levels will be adequate to support our on-going operations for the next twelve months.

We had $44.0 million of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, our foreign subsidiaries held $2.5 million in cash. We intend to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. If we were to repatriate indefinitely reinvested foreign funds, we would not be subject to additional U.S. federal income tax, however, we would be required to accrue and pay any applicable withholding tax and U.S. state income tax liabilities. We do not believe that this policy of indefinitely reinvesting the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries will have a material adverse effect on the business as a whole.

Certain Commitments.

As noted above, on July 20, 2020, pursuant to the OEM Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and the Buyer, the Company sold the OEM Businesses to Buyer and its affiliates for a purchase price of $440 million of cash, subject to certain adjustments.

On March 8, 2019, pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement, the Company acquired Paradigm in a cash and stock transaction valued at up to $300.0 million, consisting of $150.0 million on March 8, 2019, plus potential future milestone payments. Established in 2005, Paradigm’s primary product is the coflex® Interlaminar Stabilization® device, a differentiated and minimally invasive motion preserving stabilization implant that is FDA premarket approved for the treatment of moderate to severe lumbar spinal stenosis in conjunction with decompression.

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Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid $100.0 million in cash and issued 10,729,614 shares of the Company’s common stock.  The shares of Company common stock issued on March 8, 2019, were valued based on the volume weighted average closing trading price for the five trading days prior to the date of execution of the definitive agreement, representing $50.0 million of value.  In addition, the Company may be required to pay up to an additional $150.0 million in a combination of cash and Company common stock based on a revenue earnout consideration.  Further, pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement, we will be obligated to pay some or all of the milestone payments thereunder that remain unpaid – whether or not we have achieved the milestones – upon a change in control of our company prior to December 31, 2022. Based on a probability weighted model, the Company estimates a contingent liability related to the revenue based earnout of zero.

On January 4, 2018, the Company acquired Zyga, a leading spine-focused medical device company that develops and produces innovative minimally invasive devices to treat underserved conditions of the lumbar spine. Zyga’s primary product is the SImmetry® Sacroiliac Joint Fusion System. Under the terms of the merger agreement dated January 4, 2018, the Company acquired Zyga for $21.0 million in consideration paid at closing (consisting of borrowings of $18.0 million on its revolving credit facility and $3.0 million cash on hand), $1.1 million contingent upon the successful achievement of a clinical milestone, and a revenue based earnout consideration of up to an additional $35.0 million.  As of December 31, 2020, the Company determined that Zyga was not expected to meet the clinical milestone to earn the contingent consideration.

The following table provides a summary of our operating lease obligations and other significant obligations as of December 31, 2020.