SusGlobal Energy Corp. - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

[X]     ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

[   ]     TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from______________ to ______________

Commission file number: 333-209143

SusGlobal Energy Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(416) 223-8500

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [   ]     No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes [X]     No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [   ]     No [   ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes [X]      No [   ]

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulations S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes [   ]     No [X]

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, of the registrant outstanding as of April 16, 2018 was 38,633,031.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I

Item 1. Business.

OVERVIEW

The following organization chart sets forth our wholly-owned subsidiaries:

General

SusGlobal Energy Corp. (“SusGlobal”) was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, at 200 Davenport Road. Our telephone number is 416-223-8500. Our website address is www.susglobalenergy.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K are all available, free of charge, on our website as soon as practicable after we file the reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). SusGlobal Energy Corp., a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. (“Commandcredit”), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp. There is currently no public or other market for the shares of our common stock.

On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal Energy Corp. filed an application for authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”). In connection with the Domestication, each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the “Shares”). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), SusGlobal Energy Corp. continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal Energy Corp. filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May, 23, 2017.

When the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are used in this document, those terms refer to SusGlobal Energy Corp., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd. and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd.

SusGlobal is a renewable energy company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy application.

With the growing amount of organic wastes being produced by society as a whole, a solution for sustainable global management of these wastes must be achieved. SusGlobal through its proprietary technology and processes is equipped and confident to deliver this objective.

Management believes renewable energy is the energy of the future. Sources of this type of energy are more evenly distributed over the earth’s surface than finite energy sources, making it an attractive alternative to petroleum-based energy. Biomass, one of the renewable resources, is derived from organic material such as forestry, food, plant and animal residuals. SusGlobal can therefore help you turn what many consider waste into precious energy. The portfolio will be comprised of four distinct types of technologies: (a) Process Source Separated Organics (“SSO”) in anaerobic digesters to divert from landfills and recover biogas. This biogas can be converted to gaseous fuel for industrial processes, electricity to the grid or cleaned for compressed renewable gas. (b) Increasing the capacity of existing infrastructure (anaerobic digesters) to allow processing of SSO to increase biogas yield. (c) Utilize recycled plastics to produce liquid fuels and (d) process digestate to produce a pathogen free organic fertilizer.

The convertibility of organic material into valuable end products such as biogas, liquid biofuels, organic fertilizers and compost shows the utility of renewable energy. These products can be converted into electricity, fuels and marketed to agricultural operations that are looking for an increase in crop yields, soil amendment and environmentally-sound practices. This practice also diverts these materials from landfills and reduces greenhouse gas emissions that result from landfilling organic wastes. The Company can provide peace of mind that the full lifecycle of organic material is achieved, global benefits are realized and stewardship for total sustainability is upheld.

The project and services offered can benefit the public and private markets. The following includes some of our work managing organic waste streams: Anaerobic Digestion, Dry Digestion, Biogas Production, Wastewater Treatment, In- Vessel Composting, SSO Treatment, Biosolids Heat Treatment and Composting.

The Company can provide a full range of services for handling organic residuals in a period where innovation and sustainability are paramount. From start to finish we offer in-depth knowledge, a wealth of experience and cutting-edge technology for handling organic waste.

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The primary focus of the services SusGlobal provides includes identifying idle or underutilized anaerobic digesters and integrating our technologies with capital investment to optimizing the operation of the existing digesters to reach their full capacity for processing SSO. Our processes not only divert significant organic waste from landfills, but also result in methane avoidance, with significant Greenhouse Gas (“GHG”) reductions from waste disposal. The processes also produce renewable energy through the conversion of wastewater biosolids and organic wastes in the same equipment (co-digestion) and valuable end products such as biogas, electricity and organic fertilizer, considered Class AA organic fertilizer.

Currently, the primary customers are municipalities in both rural and urban centers throughout southern and central Ontario, Canada. Much of the research and development that has been carried out has been completed by our CEO through multiple projects carried out on projects prior to the formation of SusGlobal. Where necessary, to be in compliance with provincial and local environmental laws and regulations, SusGlobal submits applications to the respective authorities for approval prior to any necessary engineering being carried out.

Our Status as an Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. Certain specified reduced reporting and other regulatory requirements are available to public companies that are emerging growth companies. These provisions include:

We have elected to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This election is irrevocable.

We will continue to be an emerging growth company until the earliest of:

We are also a “smaller reporting company,” as defined under SEC Regulation S-K. As such, we also are exempt from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and also are subject to less extensive disclosure requirements regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements. We will continue to be deemed a smaller reporting company until our public float exceeds $75 million on the last day of our second fiscal quarter in our prior fiscal year.

RECENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS

Asset Purchase

On September 15, 2017, the Company closed the purchase of certain assets from Astoria Organic Matters Ltd., and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP (“Astoria”), under the asset purchase agreement (the “APA”) from the court appointed receiver of Astoria, BDO Canada Limited. The purchase price for the composting buildings, Gore cover system, driveway and paving, office trailer, certain machinery and equipment, computer equipment, computer software and intangible assets consisted of cash of $3,365,690 ($4,100,000 CAD), funded by PACE Savings and Credit Union Limited (“PACE”) and 529,970 restricted common shares of the Company, determined to be valued at $529,970 ($700,000 CAD) based on recent private placement pricing. In addition, legal costs in connection with acquiring the assets of $24,014 ($29,253 CAD) are included in the cost of the organic composting facility. In addition, the Company purchased certain accounts receivable which it was required to collect, totaling $142,957($174,147 CAD) and a deposit with a local municipality in the amount of $41,045 ($50,000 CAD).

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Financing Agreement with PACE

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company obtained a Line of Credit of up to $4,384,050 ($5,500,000 CAD) with PACE. The Line of Credit was to be advanced in tranches to allow for the funding of engineering, permitting, construction costs and equipment purchases for a project located near Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada, (the “BioGrid Project”). On February 2, 2017, the company received the first advance in the amount of $1,232,960 ($1,600,000 CAD). The Line of Credit was due on February 2, 2018. The Line of Credit is now one of multiple credit facilities. Subsequent to the end of the year, PACE extended the due date on this credit facility to February 2, 2019, with all other terms, conditions and security unchanged.

The Line of Credit and all other credit facilities with PACE, bear interest at the PACE base rate plus 1.25% per annum, currently 8% per annum, payable on a monthly basis, interest only. The Line of Credit is secured by a business loan general security agreement, a $1,232,960 ($1,600,000 CAD) personal guarantee from the President and a charge against the Company’s premises lease. Also pledged as security are the shares of the wholly-owned subsidiaries and a pledge of 3,300,000 shares of the Company held by Landfill Gas Canada Ltd. (“LFGC”), an Ontario company controlled by a director and chief executive officer of the Company (the “CEO”), 500,000 shares of the Company held by the chief financial officer (the “CFO”) and 2,000,000 shares of the Company held by a director’s company, and a limited recourse guarantee by each. The Line of Credit is fully open for prepayment at any time without notice or bonus. A total commitment fee of $83,105 ($110,000 CAD) was paid to PACE. In addition, the agents who assisted in establishing the Line of Credit received 1,620,000 common shares of the Company determined to be valued at $469,800, based on the pricing of a recent private placement offering and cash of $300,000, on closing, for their services. Other closing costs in connection with the Line of Credit included legal fees of $29,248 ($38,713 CAD). During the year, the Company incurred interest charges of $63,842 ($82,901 CAD) on this credit facility.

On June 15, 2017, PACE loaned the Company $462,360 ($600,000 CAD) under a variable rate business loan agreement, for its bid for the purchase of certain assets of Astoria on the same terms and conditions to the Line of Credit above, except that the loan is due May 31,2018. During the year, the Company incurred interest charges of $19,276 ($25,031 CAD) on this credit facility.

On August 4, 2017, PACE loaned the Company $39,563 ($50,000 CAD) under a variable business loan agreement, to satisfy an outstanding liability on the same terms and conditions to the Line of Credit above, except that the loan was due February 4, 2018. During the year, the Company incurred interest charges of $1,257 ($1,632 CAD) on this credit facility. Subsequent to the end of the year, PACE extended the due date on this credit facility to February 4, 2019, with all other terms, conditions and security unchanged.

On September 13, 2017, PACE loaned the Company $3,055,836 ($3,724,147) under a corporate term loan. The funds were used for the purpose of acquiring certain assets of Astoria from the court appointed receiver on September 15, 2017. The corporate term loan bears interest at the PACE base rate plus 1.25% per annum, currently 8% per annum, payable in monthly blended instalments of principal and interest of $60,232 ($75,564 CAD), due September 13, 2022. The corporate term loan is secured by a business loan general security agreement representing a floating charge over the assets and undertakings of the Company, a first priority charge under a registered debenture and a lien registered under the Personal Property Securities Act in the amount of $3,189,180 ($4,000,978 CAD) against the assets, including accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. PACE has also provided the Company with a letter of credit in the favor of the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (“MOECC”) in the amount of $220,662 ($276,831 CAD) and, as a security, has registered a charge of lease over the premises, located at 704 Phillipston Road, Roslin, Ontario, Canada. The corporate term loan also includes an assignment of existing contracts included in the APA. During the year, the Company incurred interest charges of $67,269 ($87,351 CAD) on this corporate term loan. As of December 31, 2017 and the date of this filing, the MOECC has not drawn on the letter of credit.

On April 4, 2018, the Company paid its two overdue monthly principal and interest instalments on this corporate term loan which were due February 13 and March 13, 2018, in the amount of $120,464 ($151,128), from a new loan provided by Travellers International Inc. (“Travellers”), an Ontario company controlled by the Executive Chairman and President (the “President”), who is also a director of the Company, on April 3, 2018 in the amount of $159,420 ($200,000 CAD). The loan is due on demand, unsecured and bears interest at the rate of 12% per annum. On April 6, 2018, PACE agreed to permit the Company to defer its principal and interest instalments for the months of April, May and June on the corporate term loan, with the interest continuing to accrue during this period.

Other

On February 16, 2018, the Company finalized a lease agreement for certain equipment, which was previously on monthly rental. The lease is for a period of forty-eight months, with two initial monthly instalments of $7,971 ($10,000 CAD) each, plus the applicable harmonized sales taxes, followed by forty-six monthly blended instalments of principal and interest of $4,080 ($5,118 CAD), plus the applicable harmonized sales taxes. The Company has the option to purchase the equipment on the forty ninth month for an amount of $19,672 ($24,680 CAD), plus the applicable harmonized sales taxes. The leasing agreement bears interest at the rate of 6.15% annually, compounded monthly, due January 27, 2022.

On October 30, 2017, the Company finalized a lease agreement for certain equipment, which commenced on October 30, 2017, in the amount of $228,489 ($286,650 CAD). The lease agreement matures on September 30, 2021, with monthly blended instalments of principal and interest of $4,655 ($5,840 CAD), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes and a final balloon payment of $22,797 ($28,600 CAD), plus applicable harmonized sales taxes on October 31, 2021. The lease agreement bears interest at the rate of 5.982% annually, compounded monthly.

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On September 21, 2017, the company finalized a lease agreement for the lease of certain equipment for its organic composting facility, in the amount of $13,923 ($17,180 CAD). The lease agreement requires monthly blended instalments of principal and interest of $1,020 ($1,273 CAD) at a monthly interest rate of 5.95%, due November 10, 2018.

On May 11, 2017, the Company signed a posting agreement with CrowdVest, a Tennessee limited liability company to act as the Company’s online intermediary technology platform in connection with the Company’s offering of common stock under Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933. As compensation, CrowdVest received 20,000 restricted common shares of the Company, based on an issue price of $5 per share, once the 506(c)-general solicitation offering commenced. The offering terminated on October 27, 2017 and was not extended.

On May 9, 2017, the company signed a memorandum of agreement (the “Agreement”) with Kentech, a corporation existing under the laws of the province of Ontario, Canada. The Agreement provides the Company the right to acquire and the right to use the equipment and innovative processes of Kentech in relation to the production of liquid fertilizer from organic waste material. The Agreement is for a period of five years, commencing on the date of the Agreement. The Agreement may be terminated by either party on providing six months’ notice.

Effective January 1, 2017, new consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the “President” and for the chief executive officer (the “CEO”). The consulting agreements are for a period of three years, commencing January 1, 2017. For each of these two executive officers, the monthly fees are to be as follows: $3,986 ($5,000 CAD) plus applicable taxes for 2017 and $11,957 ($15,000 CAD) plus applicable taxes for 2018 and 2019. In addition, the CEO was granted 3,000,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSU”). The RSUs are to vest in three equal installments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

On December 7, 2016, the Company was awarded funding for the AWT, a program for business led collaborations in the water sector. AWT is administered by the Southern Ontario Water Consortium to assist small and medium sized businesses in the Province of Ontario, Canada to leverage world-class research facilities and academic expertise to develop and demonstrate water technologies for successful introduction to market. In addition, the program is designed to enhance the Ontario water cluster and continue to build Ontario’s reputation for water excellence around the world. The Company’s academic partner is the CAWT at Fleming College in Lindsay, Ontario, Canada. The program budget is for $637,680 ($800,000 CAD), of which the Company contributes 50% in cash and in-kind contributions and CAWT contributes 50%.

The Company has already completed and provided its commitment for the first year of the program which ended March 31, 2017, which consisted of professional fees of $7,217 ($9,432 CAD) and a contribution to the capital requirements of the program, totaling $71,017 ($94,000 CAD), for equipment to be used in the AWT Program and to be retained by Fleming College, the academic institution.

On October 21, 2016, the Company hired the services of a contractor to assume the role of vice-president of corporate development (“VPCD”), effective November 1, 2016, for a period of fourteen months, at the rate of $3,188 ($4,000 CAD) per month, plus applicable taxes. In addition, the contractor was offered up to 115,000 common shares of the Company, at a price of $0.10 per common share, exercisable within 180 days of the effective date of the contract. On April 30, 2017, the contractor exercised the offer to purchase 115,000 common shares of the Company.

On November 4, 2016, the Company’s BioGrid Project, a project described in the expansion and operation agreement (the “BioGrid Agreement”) with the Township of Georgian Bluffs and the Township of Chatsworth (the “Municipalities”), was terminated.

On August 19, 2016, Travellers, provided a further loan in the amount of 161,826 ($210,000 CAD) which was required to initiate a letter of credit in the amount of $154,120 ($200,000 CAD), in favor of the Municipalities. As at December 31, 2017, Travellers is owed $15,942 ($20,000 CAD). During the year, the Company incurred interest charges of $15,056 ($19,550 CAD) on these related party loans. Subsequent to the year-end and up to the date of this filing, the Company fully repaid the principal balance outstanding, with accrued interest, with the final payment being made on April 3, 2018.

The letter of credit was a requirement of the BioGrid Agreement noted above. Fees for the letter of credit included $7,652 ($10,000 CAD) incurred and charged by Travellers and $2,296 ($3,000 CAD) charged by the Company’s chartered bank. There is no written agreement evidencing this loan or the previous loan with Travellers. The interest-bearing loans with Travellers are due on demand and were approved by the Board of Directors of the Company.

On August 3, 2016, the Company signed an agreement with Grimsby Energy Inc. from Grimsby, Ontario, Canada, to allow hydrolyzed and pasteurized organic wastes to be processed at their Anaerobic Biodigester. The agreement commenced November 1, 2016 and can be terminated by either party within three hundred and sixty-five days minimum written notice. Up to the date of this filing, there has been no activity under this agreement.

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On May 14, 2015, the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Climate Change announced formal targets to be met to satisfy a commitment necessary to join the WCI along with Quebec and California, who are in the WCI with Cap and Trade commitments since 2014. The Ontario targets are very ambitious, with greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emission reductions of 15% by 2020, 37% by 2030 and 80% by 2050, all from a 1990 baseline. Ontario achieved a 6% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels in 2014, mainly by closing all coal-fired power plants. The targets announced will require a focused program to reduce GHG emissions. The Company’s activities all contribute to GHG reductions, so will be a key part of Ontario’s initiative. The Company has also contacted counterparties in Quebec and California to explore opportunities for relevant projects. SusGlobal is committed to making all its commercial activities carbon neutral. The new Cap and Trade regulations are effective January 2017.

On May 6, 2015, the Company finalized an agreement with Syngas, a company incorporated under the laws of Malaysia, providing an exclusive license for the Company to use Syngas Intellectual Property within North America for a period of five years from the date of this agreement, for $1 consideration, renewable every five years upon written request. Syngas produces equipment that uses an innovative process to produce liquid transportation fuel from plastic waste material. The Company issued 20,000 common shares of the Company to an introducing party, determined to be valued at $2,000. The technology license is being amortized on a straight-line basis, over a period of 10 years. There are no other obligations under this agreement.

The Company and Syngas intend to collaborate and cooperate with a view to achieving economic and financial success for their respective businesses. The Company will continue to pursue other similar intellectual property around the world as we combine this and other technologies in innovative configurations to monetize the portfolio of proprietary technologies and processes to deliver value to our customers and shareholders.

Operations

Waste Transfer Station: As of December 31, 2017, we own the Environmental Compliance Approvals (the “ECAs”) issued by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (the “MOECC”), from the Province of Ontario, in place to operate a waste transfer station with the capacity to process up to 50,000 metric tonnes of waste annually. The Company is reviewing plans to construct and equip the waste transfer station. The location of the waste transfer station, once built, will be alongside our organic composting facility, noted below, near Belleville, Ontario, Canada.

Access to the waste transfer stations is critical to haulers who collect waste in areas not in close proximity to disposal facilities where such disposal continues to be permitted. Tipping fees charged to third parties at waste transfer stations are usually based on the type and volume or weight of the waste deposited at the transfer station, the distance to the disposal site, market rates for disposal costs and other general market factors.

Organic Composting Facility. Our organic composting facility, located near Belleville, Ontario Canada, has ECAs in place to accept up to 70,000 metric tonnes of waste annually and is currently in operation. Certain assets of the organic composting facility, including the ECAs for the waste transfer station, were acquired by the Company on September 15, 2017, from the court appointed receiver, BDO Canada Limited, for Astoria, under an APA. The Company charges tipping fees for the waste accepted at the organic composting facility based on arrangements in place with the customers and the type of waste accepted. Typical waste accepted includes, leaf and yard, biosolids, food, liquid and paper sludge. During 2017, tipping fees ranged from $21 ($26 CAD) to $70 ($88 CAD) per metric tonne.

Compost Sales. The Company also sells organic compost to local customers. During 2017, the average selling price of the compost per metric tonne was approximately $11 ($14 CAD).

Competition

Seasonal Trends

Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to waste volumes resulting from higher construction and demolition waste volumes and the availability of leaf and yard waste along with contracts involving the grinding of leaf and yard waste. In addition, revenue from the sale of organic compost would be higher beginning in late spring and tapering off in the fall. This will be more evident when our organic composting facility will have been in operation for a full fiscal year.

Employees

As of December 31, 2017, we had six full-time employees and four independent contractors. Of the six full time employees, one was employed in a management and administrative position, and the balance in operations. The four independent contractors provide services in management positions. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements.

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Financial Assurance and Insurance Obligations

Financial Assurance

Municipal and governmental waste service contracts generally require contracting parties to demonstrate financial responsibility for their obligations under the contract. Financial assurance is also a requirement for (i) obtaining or retaining disposal site or waste transfer station operating permits and (ii) estimated post-closure and environmental remedial obligations at our operations. We have established financial assurance using letters of credit and deposits with the municipalities. The type of assurance used is based on several factors, most importantly: the jurisdiction, contractual requirements, market factors and availability of credit capacity.

A letter of credit is supported by our credit facility with PACE.

Insurance

We carry a broad range of insurance coverages, including general liability, automobile liability, workers’ compensation, real and personal property, directors’ and officers’ liability, pollution legal liability and other coverages we believe are customary to the industry. Our exposure to loss for insurance claims is generally limited to the per-incident deductible under the related insurance policy. We do not expect the impact of any known casualty, property, environmental or other contingency to have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Regulation

Our business is subject to extensive and evolving federal, provincial and local environmental, health, safety and transportation laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are administered by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (the “MOECC”), Environment Canada, and various other federal, provincial and local environmental, zoning, transportation, land use, health and safety agencies in Canada. Many of these agencies regularly examine our operations to monitor compliance with these laws and regulations and have the power to enforce compliance, obtain injunctions or impose civil or criminal penalties in case of violations.

Because the primary mission of our business is to collect and manage solid and liquid waste in an environmentally sound manner, our capital expenditures are related, either directly or indirectly, to environmental protection measures, including compliance with federal, provincial and local rules. There are costs associated with siting, design, permitting, operations, monitoring, site maintenance, corrective actions, financial assurance, and facility closure and post-closure obligations. With acquisition, development or expansion of a waste management or waste transfer station, we must often spend considerable time, effort and money to obtain or maintain required permits and approvals. There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain required governmental approvals. Once obtained, operating permits are subject to renewal, modification, suspension or revocation by the issuing agency. Compliance with current regulations and future requirements could require us to make significant capital and operating expenditures. However, most of these expenditures are made in the normal course of business and do not place us at any competitive disadvantage.

The primary Provincial statutes affecting our business are summarized below:

Provincial and Local Regulations

There are also various provincial and local regulations that affect our operations. The Province of Ontario (“Ontario”) has its own laws and regulations governing solid waste disposal, water and air pollution, and, in most cases, releases and cleanup of hazardous substances and liabilities for such matters. Ontario has also adopted regulations governing the design, operation, maintenance and closure of waste transfer stations. Some regions, municipalities and other local governments in Ontario have adopted similar laws and regulations. Our facilities and operations are likely to be subject to these types of requirements.

Our operations are affected by the increasing preference for alternatives to landfill disposal. Many regional and local governments in Ontario mandate recycling and waste reduction at the source and prohibit the disposal of certain types of waste, such as yard waste, food waste and electronics at landfills. The number of regional and local governments in Ontario with recycling requirements and disposal bans continues to grow, while the logistics and economics of recycling the items remain challenging. In addition, Ontario has imposed timelines for the ban of organics from landfills in the province in an effort to totally divert these wastes from landfills. This will provide opportunities for the expansion of facilities like ours. This trend has been already occurred in the United States of America (the “USA”), where various states have enacted, or are considering enacting, laws that restrict the disposal within the state of solid waste generated outside the state. While laws that overtly discriminate against out-of-state waste have been found to be unconstitutional, some laws that are less overtly discriminatory have been upheld in court. From time to time, the United States Congress has considered legislation authorizing states to adopt regulations, restrictions, or taxes on the importation of out-of-state or out-of-jurisdiction waste. Additionally, several state and local governments have enacted “flow control” regulations, which attempt to require that all waste generated within the state or local jurisdiction be deposited at specific sites. In 1994, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a flow control ordinance that gave preference to a local facility that was privately owned was unconstitutional, but in 2007, the Court ruled that an ordinance directing waste to a facility owned by the local government was constitutional. The United States Congress’ adoption of legislation allowing restrictions on interstate transportation of out-of-state or out-of-jurisdiction waste or certain types of flow control, or courts’ interpretations of interstate waste and flow control legislation, could adversely affect our solid and hazardous waste management services.

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Federal, Provincial and Local Climate Change Initiatives

In light of regulatory and business developments related to concerns about climate change, we have identified a strategic business opportunity to provide our public and private sector customers with sustainable solutions to reduce their GHG emissions. As part of our on-going marketing evaluations, we assess customer demand for and opportunities to develop waste services offering verifiable carbon reductions, such as waste reduction, increased recycling, and conversion of biogas and discarded materials into electricity and fuel. We use carbon life cycle tools in evaluating potential new services and in establishing the value proposition that makes us attractive as an environmental service provider. We are active in support of public policies that encourage development and use of lower carbon energy and waste services that lower users’ carbon footprints. We understand the importance of broad stakeholder engagement in these endeavors, and actively seek opportunities for public policy discussion on more sustainable materials management practices. In addition, we work with stakeholders at the federal and provincial level in support of legislation that encourages production and use of renewable, low-carbon fuels and electricity. Despite the announcement that the U.S. will withdraw from the Paris Climate Accords, we have seen no reduction in customer demand for services aligned with their GHG reduction goals and strategies. Ontario is part of the western climate initiative (the “WCI”) led by the state of California and, if anything, California has doubled down on their GHG reduction goals. The states of Oregon and Washington are also considering joining the WCI that currently has California, Ontario and Quebec as members.

We continue to assess the physical risks to company operations from the effects of severe weather events and use risk mitigation planning to increase our resiliency in the face of such events. We are investing in infrastructure to withstand more severe storm events, which may afford us a competitive advantage and reinforce our reputation as a reliable service provider through continued service in the aftermath of such events.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In an effort to keep our stockholders and the public informed about our business, we may make “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements usually relate to future events and anticipated revenues, earnings, cash flows or other aspects of our operations or operating results. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the words, “will,” “may,” “should,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “forecast,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend” and words of a similar nature and generally include statements containing:

You should view these statements with caution. These statements are not guarantees of future performance, circumstances or events. They are based on facts and circumstances known to us as of the date the statements are made. All aspects of our business are subject to uncertainties, risks and other influences, many of which we do not control. Any of these factors, either alone or taken together, could have a material adverse effect on us and could change whether any forward-looking statement ultimately turns out to be true. Additionally, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of future events, circumstances or developments. The following discussion should be read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto. Outlined below are some of the risks that we believe could affect our business and financial statements for 2018 and beyond and that could cause actual results to be materially different from those that may be set forth in forward-looking statements made by the Company.

Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk, including the risks described below. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could suffer as a result of these risks, and the trading price of our shares could decline, perhaps significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See the section entitled “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We may experience claims that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of others, which may cause us to incur unexpected costs or prevent us from selling our products.

We seek to improve our business processes and develop new products and applications. Many of our competitors have a substantial amount of intellectual property that we must continually monitor to avoid infringement. We cannot guarantee that we will not experience claims that our processes and products infringe issued patents (whether present or future) or other intellectual property rights belonging to others. If we are sued for infringement and lose, we could be required to pay substantial damages or be enjoined from using or selling the infringing products or technology. Further, intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming, regardless of the merits of any claim, and could divert our management’s attention from operating our business.

Our relationship with our employees could deteriorate, and certain key employees could leave the Company, which could adversely affect our business and our results of operations.

Our business involves complex operations and therefore demands a management team and employee workforce that is knowledgeable and expert in many areas necessary for our operations. We rely on our ability to attract and retain skilled employees, including our specialized research and development and sales and service personnel, to maintain our efficient production. The departure of a significant number of our highly skilled employees or of one or more employees who hold key regional management positions could have an adverse impact on our operations, including as a result of customers choosing to follow a regional manager to one of our competitors.

We face intense competition, and our failure to compete successfully may have an adverse effect on our net sales, gross profit and financial condition.

Our industry is highly competitive. Many of our competitors may have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to promoting and selling certain products, and our competitors may therefore have greater financial, technical and marketing resources available to them than we do.

If we do not compete successfully by developing and deploying new cost-effective products, processes and technologies on a timely basis and by adapting to changes in our industry and the global economy, our net sales, gross profit and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Failure to comply with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and other similar anti-corruption laws, could subject us to penalties and damage our reputation.

We are subject to the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment and requires companies to maintain certain policies and procedures. Certain of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business may be at a heightened risk for corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by their strategic or local partners or representatives. If we, or our intermediaries, fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA, or similar laws of other countries, governmental authorities in the United States or elsewhere, as applicable, could seek to impose civil and/or criminal penalties, which could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are not insured against all potential risks.

To the extent available, we maintain insurance coverage that we believe is customary in our industry. Such insurance does not, however, provide coverage for all liabilities, including certain hazards incidental to our business, and we cannot assure you that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover claims that may arise or that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance at rates we consider reasonable.

We may not be able to consummate future acquisitions or successfully integrate acquisitions into our business, which could result in unanticipated expenses and losses.

Part of our strategy is to grow through acquisitions. Consummating acquisitions of related businesses, or our failure to integrate such businesses successfully into our existing businesses, could result in unanticipated expenses and losses. Furthermore, we may not be able to realize any of the anticipated benefits from the acquisitions.

In connection with potential future acquisitions, the process of integrating acquired operations into our existing operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing development or expansion of existing operations. Some of the risks associated with acquisitions include:

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In addition, we may encounter unforeseen obstacles or costs in the integration of businesses we may acquire. Also, the presence of one or more material liabilities of an acquired company that are unknown to us at the time of acquisition may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Business disruptions could seriously harm revenues and increase our costs and expenses.

Our operations could be subject to extraordinary events, including natural disasters, political disruptions, terrorist attacks, acts of war and other business disruptions, which could seriously harm our net sales and increase our costs and expenses. These blackouts, floods and storms could cause disruptions to our operations or the operations of our suppliers, distributors, resellers or customers. Similar losses and interruptions could also be caused by earthquakes, telecommunications failures, water shortages, tsunamis, typhoons, fires, extreme weather conditions, medical epidemics and other natural or manmade disasters for which we are predominantly self-insured.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

There is currently no public trading market for our common stock and an active trading market for our common stock may not develop.

There is currently no public or other market for shares of our common stock. Although we intend to seek listing on a market, we may never become listed on a market or exchange and a liquid trading market for our common stock may not develop.

Even if our common stock becomes listed on a market, we cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active trading market on the market or how liquid that market might become. An active public market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained. If an active public market does not develop or is not sustained, it may be difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock at a price that is attractive to you, or at all.

We have a history of net losses and we expect to incur additional losses.

In each year since our inception we have incurred losses and have generated only $289,097 in revenue. For the -year ended December 31, 2017, net losses attributable to common stockholders aggregated $2,212,068 (2016-$551,529) and, at December 31, 2017, the Company’s accumulated deficit was $4,659,883. We expect to incur further losses in the development of our business. We cannot assure you that we can achieve profitable operations in any future period.

Our independent registered public accounting firm’s report contains an explanatory paragraph that expresses substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

Although our consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its report accompanying our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, expressed substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern as of December 31, 2017, as a result of our operating losses since inception and because the Company expects to incur further losses in the development of our business. The inclusion of a going concern explanatory paragraph may make it more difficult for us to secure additional financing or enter into strategic relationships on terms acceptable to us, if at all, and may materially and adversely affect the terms of any financing that we may obtain.

We have no intention of declaring dividends in the foreseeable future.

The decision to pay cash dividends on our common stock rests with our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, unencumbered cash, capital requirements and financial condition. We do not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable future, as we intend to use any excess cash to fund our operations. Investors in our common stock should not expect to receive dividend income on their investment.

We may issue preferred stock in the future, and the terms of the preferred stock may reduce the value of our common stock.

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Under the certificate of incorporation of the Company, our Board of Directors will be authorized to create and issue one or more additional series of preferred stock, and, with respect to each series, to determine number of shares constituting the series and the designations and the powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, which may include dividend rights, conversion or exchange rights, voting rights, redemption rights and terms and liquidation preferences, without stockholder approval. If we create and issue one or more additional series of preferred stock, it could affect your rights or reduce the value of our outstanding common stock. Our Board of Directors could, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock and which could have certain anti-takeover effects.

Special Meetings of our Stockholders may only be called by our Board of Directors or our CEO and as such, our stockholders do not have the ability to call a meeting.

Under our bylaws only our Board of Directors or CEO may call a special meeting of shareholders and as such, your ability to participate and take certain corporate actions like amending the Company’s certificate of incorporation or electing directors is limited.

We may be exposed to risks relating to evaluations of controls required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Pursuant to Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, our management will be required to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm may in the future be required to attest to, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Although we prepare our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”), our internal accounting controls may not meet all standards applicable to companies with publicly traded securities. If we fail to implement any required improvements to our disclosure controls and procedures, we may be obligated to report control deficiencies and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. In either case, we could become subject to regulatory sanction or investigation. Further, these outcomes could damage investor confidence in the accuracy and reliability of our financial statements.

If our internal controls and accounting processes are insufficient, we may not detect in a timely manner misstatement that could occur in our financial statements in amounts that could be material.

As a public company, we will have to devote substantial efforts to the reporting obligations and internal controls required of a public company, which will result in substantial costs. A failure to properly meet these obligations could cause investors to lose confidence in us and have a negative impact on the market price of our shares. We expect to devote significant resources to the documentation, testing and continued improvement of our operational and financial systems for the foreseeable future. These improvements and efforts with respect to our accounting processes that we will need to continue to make may not be sufficient to ensure that we maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Any failure to implement required, new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations in the USA or result in misstatements in our financial statements in amounts that could be material. Insufficient internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our shares and may expose us to litigation risk.

As a public company, we will be required to document and test our internal control procedures to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. During the course of our testing, we may identify deficiencies which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet our deadline for compliance with Section 404. We may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, then investors could lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our shares.

For as long as we are an “emerging growth company,” we will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those relating to accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to some other public companies.

As an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. We are an emerging growth company until the earliest of:

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For so long as we remain an “emerging growth company”, we will not be required to:

In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. The Company has elected to opt out of this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This election is irrevocable.

Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this Form 10-K may be “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that express our intentions, beliefs, expectations, strategies, predictions or any other statements relating to our future activities or other future events or conditions. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business based, in part, on assumptions made by management. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements due to numerous factors, including those described above and those risks discussed from time to time in this prospectus, including the risks described under “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this prospectus and in other documents which we file with the SEC.

In addition, such statements could be affected by risks and uncertainties related to

Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and except as may be required under applicable securities laws, we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus.

If we fail to implement our business strategy, our financial performance and our growth could be materially and adversely affected.

Our future financial performance and success are dependent in large part upon our ability to implement our business strategy successfully. Implementation of our strategy will require effective management of our operational, financial and human resources and will place significant demands on those resources. See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Overview for more information on our business strategy.

There are risks involved in pursuing our strategy, including the following:

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In addition to the risks set forth above, implementation of our business strategy could also be affected by a number of factors beyond our control, such as increased competition, legal developments, government regulation, general economic conditions, increased operating costs or expenses and changes in industry trends. We may decide to alter or discontinue certain aspects of our business strategy at any time. If we are not able to implement our business strategy successfully, our long-term growth and profitability may be adversely affected. Even if we are able to implement some or all of the initiatives of our business strategy successfully, our operating results may not improve to the extent we anticipate, or at all.

Compliance with existing or increased future regulations and/or enforcement of such regulations may restrict or change our operations, increase our operating costs or require us to make additional capital expenditures, and a decrease in regulation may lower barriers to entry for our competitors.

Stringent government regulations at the federal, state, provincial and local level in the U.S. and Canada have a substantial impact on our business, and compliance with such regulations is costly. A large number of complex laws, rules, orders and interpretations govern environmental protection, health, safety, land use, zoning, transportation and related matters. Among other things, governmental regulations and enforcement actions may restrict our operations and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows by imposing conditions such as:

We also have a significant financial obligation relating to closure, post-closure and environmental remediation at our existing facility. The obligation is supported by a letter of credit from PACE. Environmental regulatory changes could accelerate or increase such costs, requiring our expenditures to materially exceed our current letter of credit.

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Our operations are subject to environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, as well as contractual obligations that may result in significant liabilities.

There is risk of incurring significant environmental liabilities in the acceptance, use and storage of waste materials. Under applicable environmental laws and regulations, we could be liable if our operations cause environmental damage to our property or to the property of other landowners, particularly as a result of the contamination of air, drinking water or soil. Under current law, we could also be held liable for damage caused by conditions that existed before we acquired our current facility. This risk is of particular concern as we execute our growth strategy, partially though acquisitions, because we may be unsuccessful in identifying and assessing potential liabilities during our due diligence investigations. Further, the counterparties in such transactions may be unable to perform their indemnification obligations owed to us. Additionally, we could be liable if we arrange for the transportation and acceptance at our facility of hazardous substances that cause environmental contamination, or if a predecessor owner made such arrangements and, under applicable law, we are treated as a successor to the prior owner. Any substantial liability for environmental damage could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In the ordinary course of our business, we may in the future, become involved in legal and administrative proceedings relating to land use and environmental laws and regulations. These include proceedings in which:

We generally seek to work with the authorities or other persons involved in these proceedings to resolve any issues raised. If we are not successful, the adverse outcome of one or more of these proceedings could result in, among other things, material increases in our costs or liabilities as well as material charges for asset impairments.

General economic conditions can directly and adversely affect our revenues and our income from operations margins.

Our business is directly affected by changes in national and general economic factors that are outside of our control, including consumer confidence, interest rates and access to capital markets. A weak economy generally results in decreased consumer spending and decreases in volumes of waste generated, which decreases our revenues. In addition, we have a relatively high fixed-cost structure, which is difficult to quickly adjust to match shifting volume levels. Consumer uncertainty and the loss of consumer confidence may limit the number or amount of services requested by customers. Economic conditions may also limit our ability to implement our pricing strategy. For example, many of our contracts have price adjustment provisions that are tied to an index such as the Consumer Price Index, and our costs may increase in excess of the increase, if any, in the Consumer Price Index.

Some of our customers have suffered financial difficulties affecting their credit risk, which could negatively impact our operating results.

Many non-governmental customers have also suffered serious financial difficulties, including bankruptcy in some cases. Purchasers of our recycling commodities can be particularly vulnerable to financial difficulties in times of commodity price volatility. The inability of our customers to pay us in a timely manner or to pay increased rates, particularly large national accounts, could negatively affect our operating results.

We are increasingly dependent on technology in our operations and if our technology fails, our business could be adversely affected.

We may experience problems with the operation of our current information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, as well as the development and deployment of new information technology systems, that could adversely affect, or even temporarily disrupt, all or a portion of our operations until resolved. Inabilities and delays in implementing new systems can also affect our ability to realize projected or expected cost savings

Additionally, any systems failures could impede our ability to timely collect and report financial results in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

A cybersecurity incident could negatively impact our business and our relationships with customers and expose us to litigation risk.

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We use computers in substantially all aspects of our business operations. We also use mobile devices, social networking and other online activities to connect with our employees and our customers. Such uses give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including customers’ personal information, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about the Company and its business partners. Further, as the Company pursues its strategy to grow through potential acquisitions and to pursue new initiatives that improve our operations and cost structure, the Company is also expanding and improving its information technologies, resulting in a larger technological presence and corresponding exposure to cybersecurity risk. If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with acquisitions and new initiatives, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential litigation and liability and competitive disadvantage.

Our business is subject to operational and safety risks, including the risk of personal injury to employees and others.

The operation of an organic composting facility involves risks such as truck accidents, equipment defects, malfunctions and failures.

Any of these risks could potentially result in injury or death of employees and others, a need to shut down or reduce operation of the facility, increased operating expense and exposure to liability for pollution and other environmental damage, and property damage or destruction.

While we seek to minimize our exposure to such risks through comprehensive training, compliance and response and recovery programs, as well as vehicle and equipment maintenance programs, if we were to incur substantial liabilities in excess of any applicable insurance, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. Any such incidents could also tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Additionally, a major operational failure, even if suffered by a competitor, may bring enhanced scrutiny and regulation of our industry, with a corresponding increase in operating expense.

We have substantial financial assurance and insurance requirements and increases in the costs of obtaining adequate financial assurance, or the inadequacy of our insurance coverages, could negatively impact our liquidity and increase our liabilities.

The amount of insurance we are required to maintain for environmental liability is governed by statutory requirements. We believe that the cost for such insurance is high relative to the coverage it would provide and, therefore, our coverages are generally maintained at the minimum statutorily-required levels. We face the risk of incurring additional costs for environmental damage if our insurance coverage is ultimately inadequate to cover those damages. We also carry a broad range of other insurance coverages that are customary for a company our size. We use these programs to mitigate risk of loss, thereby enabling us to manage our self-insurance exposure associated with claims. The inability of our insurers to meet their commitments in a timely manner and the effect of significant claims or litigation against insurance companies may subject us to additional risks. To the extent our insurers are unable to meet their obligations, or our own obligations for claims are more than we estimated, there could be a material adverse effect to our financial results.

Our capital requirements and our business strategy could increase our expenses, cause us to change our growth and development plans, or result in an inability to maintain our desired credit profile.

If economic conditions or other risks and uncertainties cause a significant reduction in our cash flows from operations, we may reduce or suspend capital expenditures, growth and acquisition activity and implementation of our business strategy. We may choose to incur indebtedness to pay for these activities, although our access to capital markets is not assured and we may not be able to incur indebtedness at a cost that is consistent with current borrowing rates. We also may need to incur indebtedness to refinance scheduled debt maturities, and it is possible that the cost of financing could increase significantly, thereby increasing our expenses and increasing our net losses. Further, our ability to execute our financial strategy and our ability to incur indebtedness is somewhat dependent upon our ability to maintain investment grade credit ratings on our senior debt. The credit rating process is contingent upon our credit profile, as well as a number of other factors, many of which are beyond our control, including methodologies established and interpreted by third-party rating agencies. If we were unable to maintain our investment grade credit ratings in the future, our interest expense would increase and our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms could be adversely affected.

Additionally, we have $4,161,435 ($5,220,719 CAD) of debt as of December 31, 2017 that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. In addition, as of December 31, 2017, we had a letter of credit outstanding of $220,662 ($276,831 CAD). If interest rates increase, our interest expense would also increase, increasing our net losses and decreasing our cash flow.

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As of December 31, 2017, and the date of this filing, the Company did not have any revolving credit facility to support cash flow requirements. In the event of a default under our any of our credit facilities, term loan or obligations under capital lease, we could be required to immediately repay such debt under default, which we may not be able to do. Additionally, any such default could cause a default under many of our other credit agreements and debt instruments. Without waivers from lenders party to those agreements, and/or the availability of other financing, either debt or equity, any such default would have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate.

The seasonal nature of our business, severe weather events and event driven special projects cause our results to fluctuate, and prior performance is not necessarily indicative of our future results.

Our operating revenues tend to be somewhat higher in summer months, primarily due to the higher construction and demolition waste volumes. The volumes of industrial and residential waste in certain regions where we operate also tend to increase during the summer months. Our second and third quarter revenues and results of operations typically reflect these seasonal trends.

Service disruptions caused by severe storms, extended periods of inclement weather or climate extremes resulting from climate change can significantly affect the operating results of the Areas affected. While weather-related and other event driven special projects can boost revenues through additional work for a limited time, as a result of significant start-up costs and other factors, such revenue will generate earnings at comparatively higher margins.

For these and other reasons, operating results in any interim period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for an entire year, and operating results for any historical period are not necessarily indicative of operating results for a future period. Our stock price may be negatively or positively impacted by interim variations in our results.

We may experience adverse impacts on our reported results of operations as a result of adopting new accounting standards or interpretations.

Our implementation of and compliance with changes in accounting rules, including new accounting rules and interpretations, could adversely affect our reported financial position or operating results or cause unanticipated fluctuations in our reported operating results in future periods.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

Our principal executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. We lease this property from an Ontario company controlled by the President of the Company, who is also a director. This lease expires on December 31, 2019. We also lease the land on which our organic composting facility is situated, near Belleville, Ontario, Canada. This lease expires on March 31, 2034 and has several renewal options of five years each.

We believe that our operating property, vehicle and equipment are adequately maintained and sufficient for our current operations. However, we expect to continue to make investments in additional property and equipment for expansion, for replacement of assets and to support our strategy of continuous improvement through efficiency and innovation. For more information, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included within this report.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.

On December 15, 2017, the Company filed a motion record in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against the Business Development Bank of Canada, the applicant and Astoria Organic Matters Ltd. and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP, together, the respondents, in the amount of $602,129 ($755,400 CAD) in connection with the Company’s purchase of certain assets from the court appointed receiver for Astoria, BDO Canada Limited on September 15, 2017. The basis for the claim is for the Company’s costs to process biosolids stored onsite that amounted to more than 10 times the amount permitted to be stored by conditions in the Environmental Compliance Approval for the site. The processing costs are paid when the biosolids are received onsite. Costs to process are incurred over the 12 weeks it takes to incorporate the biosolids into a compost product.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

The Company has no reporting to provide relative to information concerning mine safety and other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

The Company’s common stock is not currently listed nor trading on any stock exchange. The information below was derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report and in previous annual reports, including those we filed with the SEC. This information should be read together with those Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future.

As of the date of this filing, there were seventy-five holders of record of our common stock. This does not include persons whose stock is in nominee or “street name” accounts through brokers.

There were no declared dividends in 2017 and 2016. Future decisions to pay cash dividends are at the discretion of our Board of Directors. It is our intention to retain any future profits for use in the development and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 3,264,121 common shares for net cash and non-cash proceeds of $1,575,43 for working capital and other purposes, as follows:

850,151 common shares for net cash proceeds of $497,374 at prices ranging from $0.29 to $1.00 per share.
529,970 common shares for the purchase of certain long-lived assets of $529,970 at a price of $1.00 per share.
1,620,000 common shares for financing purposes of $469,800 at a price of $0.29 per share.
115,000 common shares on the exercise of offer to acquire common shares for cash of $11,500 at a price of $0.10 per share.
149,000 common shares for various professional services, employees and directors’ compensation of $66,800 at prices ranging from $$0.29 to $1.00 per share.

The securities above were offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act since, among other things, the transactions did not involve a public offering.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

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(a) For more information see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This section includes a discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that anticipate results based on management’s plans that are subject to uncertainty. We discuss in more detail various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations in Item 1A. Risk Factors. The following discussion should be read considering those disclosures and together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto.

Overview

Our Company’s goals are targeted at serving our customers, our employees, the environment, the communities in which we work and our stockholders. Increasingly, customers want more of their waste materials recovered, while waste streams are becoming more complex, and our aim is to address the current needs, while anticipating the expanding and evolving needs of our customers.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 COMPARED TO THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 AND 2016

During the year, the Company generated $273,376 of revenue from its organic composting facility included in the asset purchase which closed on September 15, 2017, an increase of $257,655 over the prior year. The majority of the revenue from the organic composting facility relates to revenue from tipping fees charged for organic waste accepted at the facility and a small portion relating to the sale of organic compost processed at the site. In the prior year ended December 31, 2016, the Company generated $15,721 of revenue from its BioGrid Project. The BioGrid Project was terminated on November 4, 2016. Other income included insurance proceeds of $48,516 which represents the receipt of an insurance claim for the catastrophic engine failure in the Company’s BioGrid Project ($33,079) and business income loss ($15,437), submitted in the prior year. In addition, other income includes $61,594, representing a gain on the collection of accounts receivable over and above the purchase price on September 15, 2017, for the organic composting facility.

In the operation of the organic composting facility, the Company processes the organic waste received and produces the end product, organic compost. The cost of producing the organic compost totaled $392,256 for the year. The costs include equipment rental, deliver and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, depreciation, outside contractors and utilities. In addition, the Company estimated the inventory on hand at the end of the year for its screened organic compost to be $53,964.

Our operating expenses increased by $1,636,461 from $567,250 for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $2,203,711 for the year ended December 31, 2017. This was primarily due to increases in financing fees, management fees, interest expense and the contribution to the advanced water technology program, along with other expenses noted below.

Financing fees in the amount of $882,153 were incurred in the current year, with no comparative amount in the prior year, in connection with the PACE financing. Included in the financing fees was the issuance of 1,620,000 common shares of the Company, determined to be valued at $469,800 and $300,000 cash to agents for their services in assisting in establishing the PACE financing. The Company incurred management fees of $496,342 for the year ended December 31, 2017, an increase of $363,497 over the prior year amount of $132,845. The current management fees include $330,000 on the granting of RSUs for the CEO. The balance of the increase in management fees in the amount of $33,497 is due to the impact of the contract with the VPCD, which included two months in the prior year (November and December) and a full twelve months in the current year, before expiring on December 31, 2017.

During the year, the Company incurred interest expense of $168,900, an increase of $154,368 over the year ended December 31, 2016 amount of $14,532. The current year’s interest includes interest on the PACE credit facilities and term loan of $151,644, interest on the obligations under capital lease of $2,200 and interest on the Travellers’ loan of $15,056. In the prior year, the interest of $14,532 related to the Travellers loan. During the year, the Company made a contribution of $71,017 to the Advanced Water Technology Program (“AWT”). The Company is a partner in business led collaboration in the water sector, a program known as AWT. This program is administered by the Southern Ontario Water Consortium to assist small and medium sized business in the Province of Ontario, Canada, leverage world-class research facility and academic expertise to develop and demonstrate water technologies for successful introduction to market.

In addition to the increased operating expenses noted above in comparison to the prior year, the Company also experienced increases in expenses relating to professional fees, rent and occupancy, insurance, office and administration and filing fees, compared to the prior year, as follows:

Professional fees increased by $79,981, from $203,507 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to $283,488 for the year ended December 31, 2017. Professional fees include audit and accounting fees, legal fees and consulting fees. With the Company’s registration statement with the SEC becoming effective May 23, 2017, the Company incurred quarterly accounting fees for the reviews carried out by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the filings with the SEC on Form 10-Q. Audit and accounting fees increased by $29,374 during the year compared to the prior year. Additional legal fees were incurred during the year, increasing by $79,552 during the year compared to the prior year, primarily the result of additional legal services for the Company’s registration and for the review of the Company filings with the SEC and legal services provided by two law firms in connection with the Company’s claim it launched against a third party, in connection with the purchase of certain assets of the organic composting facility on September 15, 2017. These professional fees were offset by lower consulting fees in the amount of $28,945 compared to the prior year, due primarily to the expiry of a contract with an individual for networking, introductory and sales services.

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Rent and occupancy increased by $49,581, from $31,702 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to $81,283 for the year ended December 31, 2017, due to an increase in the rent and occupancy costs for the Company’s office premises of $31,521 and the new rent and occupancy costs for the Company’s organic composting facility which amounted to $18,060.

Insurance expense increased by $61,132, from $13,774 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to $74,906 for the year ended December 31, 2017, due to premiums for the Company’s new directors’ and officers’ liability and the insurance for the Company’s office premises and for the general and liability insurance (including pollution coverage) for the Company’s new organic composting facility. Included in this year’s insurance expense was a total of $17,318 for continued coverage on the Company’s BioGrid Project from the prior year. The Company was required to continue to pay for this coverage until the claim for damages (catastrophic engine failure and business interruption) was filed and finalized. As noted above, the Company received an insurance settlement for damages and business interruption of $48,516.

Office and administration expenses increased by $76,921, from $44,066 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to $120,987 for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to the new operations of the organic composting facility, including technical training for the staff and for the new salary earned by the accounting and office manager in the Toronto office, effective February 1, 2017, who was previously on contract as a bookkeeper and administrative assistant. Also included is compensation to a current and a new employee on the issuance of common shares determined to be valued at $1,450 and $4,000, respectively.

Directors compensation increased by $27,110 in the current year, with no comparative amount in the prior year and includes such compensation in the form of the issuance of common shares determined to be valued at $24,800 in total and fees charged by the audit committee chairperson in the amount of $2,310.

Filing fees increased by $12,844, from $6,452 in the year ended December 31, 2016 to $19,296 for the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily due to an increase in press releases and filings.

In the prior year, operations and maintenance expenses and engine repairs and other maintenance related to the Company’s BioGrid Project, whose operations were terminated on November 4, 2016.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions

Use of estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, impairments of long-lived and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, accruals, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, accruals, environmental remediation costs and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.

Stock-based compensation

From time to time the Company may grant options and/or warrants to management, directors, employees and consultants. The Company recognizes compensation expense at fair value. Under this method, the fair value of each warrant is estimated on the date of the grant and amortized over the vesting period, with the resulting amortization credited to paid in capital. The fair value of each grant is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Consideration paid upon exercise of stock options and/or warrants is recorded in equity as share capital.

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Long-Lived Asset Impairments

We assess our long-lived assets for impairment as required under the applicable accounting standards. If necessary, impairments are recorded in (income) expense from divestitures, asset impairments and unusual items, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets — At least annually, and more frequently if warranted, we assess the indefinite-lived intangible assets, including the goodwill of our reporting units for impairment using Level 3 inputs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a cash balance of $126,117 (December 31, 2016-$1,774) and current debt obligations in the amount of $2,664,905 (December 31, 2016-$683,234). As at December 31, 2017, the Company had a working capital deficit of $2,238,911 (December 31, 2016-$487,703). The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to satisfy the current debt obligations. Should the Company’s creditors seek or demand payment, the Company does not have the resources to pay or satisfy any such claims currently. Subsequent to the end of the year, the due dates on two of the Company’s credit facilities was extended by twelve months to February 2019. The impact of this was to reduce the long-term debt repayable in 2018 by $857,787 and increasing the long-term debt repayable in 2019 by $857,787. In addition, on April 4, 2018, the Company paid its overdue monthly principal and interest instalments on the PACE corporate term loan which were due February 13 and March 13, 2018, in the amount of $120,464 ($151,128), from a new loan provided by Travellers on April 3, 2018 in the amount of $159,420 ($200,000 CAD). The loan is due on demand, unsecured and bears interest at the rate of 12% per annum. On April 6, 2018, PACE agreed to permit the Company to resume the payment of its principal and interest instalments on the corporate term loan on July 13, 2018, including accrued interest.  And, on April 11, 2018, three directors of the Company, each loaned the Company $19,928 ($25,000 CAD). The loans bear interest at the rate of 12% per annum, are due on demand, unsecured and are to be used for operations.

The Company’s total assets at December 31, 2017 were $4,437,682 and total current liabilities were $2,664,905. Significant losses from operations have been incurred since inception and there is an accumulated deficit of $4,660,296 as of December 31, 2017. Continuation as a going concern is dependent upon generating significant new revenue and generating external capital and securing debt to achieve profitable operations while maintaining current fixed expense levels.

To pay current debt obligations and to fund any future operations, the Company requires significant new funds, which the Company may not be able to obtain. In addition to the funds required to liquidate the $2,664,905 in current debt obligations, the Company estimates that approximately $5,000,000 must be raised to fund capital requirements and general corporate expenses for the next 12 months.

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks, including changes in interest rates, certain commodity prices and Canadian currency rates. The Company does not use derivatives to manage these risks.

Interest Rate Exposure — Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our financing activities. We have $4,161,435 ($5,220,719 CAD) of debt that is exposed to changes in market interest rates within the next 12 months. We currently estimate that a 100-basis point increase in the interest rates of our outstanding variable-rate debt obligations would increase our 2018 interest expense by approximately $42,000.

Our remaining outstanding debt obligations have fixed interest rates through the scheduled maturity of the debt. The fair value of our fixed-rate debt obligations would not be expected to increase or decrease significantly if market interest rates change.

Commodity Price Exposure — In the normal course of our business, we are subject to operating agreements that expose us to market risks arising from changes in the prices for commodities such as diesel fuel, propane, and electricity. We attempt to manage these risks through operational strategies that focus on capturing our costs in the prices we charge our customers for the services provided. Accordingly, as the market prices for these commodities increase or decrease, our revenues may also increase or decrease.

Currency Rate Exposure — Our operations are currently in Ontario, Canada. Where significant, we have quantified and described the impact of foreign currency translation on components of income, including operating revenue and operating expenses. However, the impact of foreign currency has not materially affected our results of operations.

Summary of Cash and Debt Obligations

The following is a summary of our cash and cash equivalents and debt balances as of December 31:

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We use long-term borrowings in addition to the cash we generate from operations as part of our overall financial strategy to support and grow our business. The components of our borrowings as of December 31, 2017 are described in notes 10 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Changes in our outstanding debt balances from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017 were primarily attributable to (i) net debt borrowings of $4,232,815 ($5,496,448) and (ii) the impacts of other non-cash changes in our debt balances due to foreign currency translation.

In addition, the Company has debt obligations to Travellers of $15,942 ($20,000 CAD) at December 31, 2017. Details of this borrowing is described in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The balance was paid in full with accrued interest subsequent to the end of the year, with the final payment being made on April 3, 2018. On April 3, 2018, Travellers provided the Company with a new loan in the amount of $159,420 ($200,000 CAD). The loan is due on demand is unsecured and bears interest at the rate of 12% annually. On April 4, 2018, a portion of the funds provided by Travellers, were used to pay the Company’s overdue monthly principal and interest instalments on the PACE corporate term loan which were due February 13 and March 13, 2018, in the amount of $120,464 ($151,128).

On April 11, 2018, three directors of the Company, each loaned the Company $19,928 ($25,000 CAD). The loans bear interest at the rate of 12% per annum, are due on demand, unsecured and are to be used for operations.

As of December 31, 2017, the current portions of our long-term debt balance and our obligations under capital lease were $1,828,900 ($2,294,442 CAD) and $59,204 ($74,274 CAD) respectively of $1,888,104 ($2,368,717 CAD) in total includes (i) $1,326,013 ($1,663,547 CAD) of short-term borrowings and obligations under capital lease and (ii) $562,091 ($705,170 CAD) of long-term debt and obligations under capital lease with scheduled maturities within the next 12 months.

In addition, at December 31, 2017, we have an outstanding letter of credit prepared by PACE, in the amount of $220,662 ($276,831 CAD), in favor of the MOECC. The letter of credit is a requirement of the MOECC and is in connection with the financial assurance provided by the Company, for it to be in compliance with the MOECCs environmental objectives. The MOECC regularly evaluates the Company’s organic composting facility to ensure compliance is adhered to and the letter of credit is subject to change by the MOECC. As of December 31, 2017 and the date of this filing, the MOECC has not drawn on this letter of credit.

Summary of Cash Flow Activity

The following is a summary of our cash flows for the years ended December 31:

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Refer to Notes 10 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to our debt borrowings and repayments.

Summary of Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2017 and the anticipated effect of these obligations on our liquidity in future years (in millions):

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Going Concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.

As at December 31, 2017, the Company had a working capital deficit of $2,238,911 (December 31, 2016-$487,703), incurred a net loss of $2,212,481 (2016-$551,529) for the year and had an accumulated deficit of $4,660,296 (December 31, 2016-$2,447,815) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to PACE and upon achieving profitable operations. Management believes that the Company will be able to obtain the necessary funding by equity or debt; however, there is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown.

Subsequent to the year-end, on February 15, 2018, the Company obtained one-year extensions on two of its credit facilities with PACE from February 2, 2018 and February 4, 2018 to February 2, 2019 and February 4, 2019, respectively. Furthermore, on April 4, 2018, the Company paid its overdue monthly principal and interest instalments on its corporate term loan with PACE, which were due February 13 and March 13, 2018. On April 6, 2018, PACE agreed to permit the Company to defer the April, May and June principal and interest instalments on the corporate term loan, with interest continuing to accrue during this period.

These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 requires the recognition on the balance sheet of a lease liability to make lease payments by lessees and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new guidance will also require significant additional disclosure about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows from leases. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for the Company). The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-02.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. This ASU requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is to be effective for the Company as of March 1, 2018 and requires a retrospective transition method. The Company has evaluated the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2016-18 and does not expect that this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The new standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill quantitative impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is to be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is to be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2017-04.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Topic 718: Scope of Modification Accounting (ASU 2017-09) to provide clarity and reduce both the (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when changing the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards. Under ASU 2017-09, modification accounting is required to be applied unless all of the following are the same immediately before and after the change:

1. The award’s fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if those measurement methods are used).
2. The award’s vesting conditions.
3. The award’s classification as an equity or liability instrument.
ASU 2017-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company has evaluated the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2017-09 and does not expect that this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016, within ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, ASU 2016-20 and ASU 2017-13 respectively (ASU 2014-09, ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, ASU 2016-20, and ASU 2017-13, collectively, “Topic 606”). Topic 606 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. Topic 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP. These estimates include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation, among others. The guidance is effective for fiscal and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, using either of two methods: (1) retrospective application of Topic 606 to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within Topic 606 or (2) retrospective application of Topic 606 with the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the impact of its pending adoption of Topic 606 and does not expect that this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements.

New Accounting Policies

During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company adopted the following significant accounting policies:

Business Combinations

The Company has chosen to early adopt Audit Standards update No. 2017-01 (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets includes a technology license, which is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life, which is the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years. Intangible assets also include environmental compliance approvals, which are stated at cost, have an indefinite useful life and are not amortized until their useful lives are determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for permanent impairment when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life.

Long-lived Assets

The Company introduced several new classes of long-lived assets, all of which are depreciated on a straight-line basis as follows: composting buildings-term of lease, which expires March 31, 2034; Gore cover system-10%; machinery and equipment, including under capital lease-30%; computer software-50%; officer trailer-30%; driveway and paving-8%; automotive equipment-30% and signage-20%.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company’s stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock-based compensation recognized.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Not applicable

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

CONTENTS

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

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1. Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

SusGlobal Energy Corp. (“SusGlobal”) was formed by articles of amalgamation on December 3, 2014, in the Province of Ontario, Canada and its executive office is in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SusGlobal, a company in the start-up stages and Commandcredit Corp. (“Commandcredit”), an inactive Canadian public company, amalgamated to continue business under the name of SusGlobal Energy Corp.

On May 23, 2017, SusGlobal filed an Application for Authorization to continue in another Jurisdiction with the Ministry of Government Services in Ontario and a certificate of corporate domestication and certificate of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware under which it changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from Ontario to the State of Delaware (the “Domestication”). In connection with the Domestication each of the currently issued and outstanding common shares were automatically converted on a one-for-one basis into common shares compliant with the laws of the state of Delaware (the “Shares”). As a result of the Domestication, pursuant to Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), SusGlobal continued its existence under the DGCL as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware. The business, assets and liabilities of SusGlobal and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as well as its principal location and fiscal year, were the same immediately after the Domestication as they were immediately prior to the Domestication. SusGlobal filed a Registration Statement on Form S-4 to register the Shares and this registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May, 23, 2017.

SusGlobal is a renewable energy company focused on acquiring, developing and monetizing a global portfolio of proprietary technologies in the waste to energy application.

On September 15, 2017, the Company purchased certain assets from the court appointed receiver, BDO Canada Limited (“BDO”), of Astoria Organic Matters Ltd. and Astoria Organic Matters Canada LP (together “Astoria”). During the bidding process and negotiations with BDO, the Company was in the process of issuing shares through a 506(c)- general solicitation offering at $5 per share and that was the price agreed upon with BDO. The Company could not timely market the offering and as a result terminated this offering but continued to pursue private placements with accredited investors at $5 per share. To date, the Company was only able to raise funds at $1 per share. As a result of this new information obtained during the fourth quarter of 2017 and based upon the relevant factors related to this matter, the Company revalued the assets acquired to reflect a share price of $1 per share.

These consolidated financial statements of SusGlobal and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd. and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd. (“SGECI”) (together, the “Company”), have been prepared following generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“US GAAP”), and are expressed in United States Dollars. The Company’s functional currency is the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

2. Going Concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, which assumes that the Company will be able to meet its obligations and continue its operations for the next twelve months.

As at December 31, 2017, the Company had a working capital deficit of $2,238,911 (December 31, 2016-$487,703), incurred a net loss of $2,212,481 (2016-$551,529) for the year and had an accumulated deficit of $4,660,296 (December 31, 2016-$2,447,815) and expects to incur further losses in the development of its business. These factors cast substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to further the development of its business, satisfy its obligations to PACE and upon achieving profitable operations. Management believes that the Company will be able to obtain the necessary funding by equity or debt; however, there is no assurance of funding being available or available on acceptable terms. Realization values may be substantially different from carrying values as shown.

Subsequent to the year-end, on February 15, 2018, the Company obtained one-year extensions on two of its credit facilities with PACE Savings and Credit Union Limited (“PACE”) from February 2, 2018 and February 4, 2018 to February 2, 2019 and February 4, 2019, respectively. Furthermore, on April 4, 2018, the Company paid its overdue monthly principal and interest instalments on its corporate term loan with PACE, which were due February 13 and March 13, 2018. On April 6, 2018, PACE agreed to permit the Company to defer the April, May and June principal and interest instalments on the corporate term loan, with interest continuing to accrue during this period.

These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result if the Company was unable to continue as a going concern.

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3. Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SusGlobal and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, SusGlobal Energy Canada Corp., incorporated on December 14, 2015, SusGlobal Energy Canada I Ltd., incorporated on December 15, 2015 and SusGlobal Energy Belleville Ltd., incorporated on July 27, 2017. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

The Company has chosen to early adopt Audit Standards update No. 2017-01 (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business, with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses.

 The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. The Company regularly evaluates estimates and assumptions. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Areas involving significant estimates and assumptions include: the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation, useful lives of long-lived and intangible assets, valuation of asset acquisition, impairments of long-lived and intangible assets, accruals, deferred income tax assets and related valuation allowance, accruals, environmental remediation costs and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from these estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period in which they become available.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits held in financial institutions and liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase. There were no cash equivalents on December 31, 2017.

Trade receivables, which are recorded when billed and when services are performed, are claims against third parties that will be settled in cash. The carrying value of our receivables, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, represents the estimated realizable value. An estimate of allowance for doubtful accounts is based on historical trends; type of customer, such as commercial or municipal; the age of outstanding trade receivables; and existing economic conditions. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific trade receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. Past-due trade receivable balances are written off when our internal collection efforts have been unsuccessful.

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3. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

The Company classifies all financial instruments as held-for-trading, loans and receivables, or other financial liabilities. Loans and receivables and other financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost. Instruments classified as held for trading are measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Debt transaction costs are allocated to the related debt and amortized over the life of the debt using the effective interest method. Equity transaction costs are recorded in equity.

The Company has designated its cash and term deposit as held for trading, which is measured at fair value. Trade receivables are classified as loans and receivables, which is measured at amortized cost, which approximates fair value due to its short-term nature. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are classified as other liabilities, which are measured at amortized cost, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying values of long-term debt, obligations under capital lease and loans payable to related party are also classified as other liabilities, which approximates fair value due to their market interest rate.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair values. The fair value of cash and term deposit is measured using Level 1 inputs.

Inventory, which consists of screened organic compost, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, with net realizable value represented by the selling price. Cost is represented by production cost, which includes equipment rental, delivery and repairs and maintenance, direct wages and benefits, outside contractors and manufacturing overhead. Inventory quantities on hand are reviewed on a weekly basis and typically, there is no need to record provisions for excess or obsolete inventory as the inventory has a long shelf life. The inventory is stored outdoors and accumulated in a pile.

Intangible assets include a technology license, which is stated at cost less accumulated amortization and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life which is the contract term of five years plus the renewal option of five years. Intangible assets also include environmental compliance approvals, which are stated at cost, have an indefinite useful life and are not amortized until their useful lives are determined to be no longer indefinite. The Company evaluates the intangible assets for permanent impairment when triggering events are identified and whether events and circumstances continue to support the indefinite useful life.

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3. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

Long-lived assets are stated at cost. Equipment awaiting installation on site is not depreciated until it is commissioned. Depreciation is based on the estimated useful life of the asset and depreciated annually on a straight-line basis as follows:

Composting buildings-over the term of the lease, which expires March 31, 2034

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, “Property, Plant and Equipment”, long-lived assets to be held and used are analyzed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

The Company evaluates at each balance sheet date whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate possible impairment. If there are indications of impairment, the Company uses future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset or asset grouping over the remaining life in measuring whether the carrying amounts are recoverable. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded asset values, the assets are written down to their estimated fair value.

Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability.

The Company accrues for costs associated with environmental remediation and clean-up obligations when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change.

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for differences between the accounting and tax basis of the assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is recorded for the amount of income tax payable or receivable for the period increased or decreased by the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the period.

The Company’s revenues are from the tipping fees charged for waste delivery to the Company’s organic composting facility and from the sale of organic compost. The tipping fees charged for services are generally defined in service agreements and vary based on contract-specific terms such as frequency of service, type of waste, weight, volume and the general market factors influencing a region’s rates. The Company also generates revenue from fees charged for arrangements with haulers to haul waste to the Company’s organic composting facility, based on agreements with customers. Revenue is recognized as waste is accepted and collection is reasonably assured. The waste collected is processed, cured and screened before being sold as organic compost. The cost of these processes is accrued at the time of revenue recognition.

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus potentially dilutive securities outstanding for each year. The computation of diluted loss per share has not been presented as its effect would be anti-dilutive.

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3. Significant Accounting Policies, (continued)

The Company records compensation costs related to stock-based awards in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, whereby the Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options granted, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions including: the expected option life, the risk-free rate, the dividend yield, the volatility of the Company’s stock price and an assumption for employee forfeitures. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury bill rate at the date of the grant with maturity dates approximately equal to the expected term of the option. The Company has not historically issued any dividends and does not expect to in the near future. Changes in any of these subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimates and the resulting stock-based compensation recognized.

The Company accounts for comprehensive loss in accordance with ASC 220, “Comprehensive Income,” which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive loss and its components. Comprehensive loss is presented in the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit) and consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments.

The functional currency of the Company is Canadian dollar (the “CAD”). Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated using the historical rate on the date of the transaction. All exchange gains or losses arising from translation of these foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss) for the year. In translating the financial statements of the Company’s Canadian subsidiaries from their functional currency into the Company’s reporting currency of United States dollars (the “USD”), balance sheet accounts are translated using the closing exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and income and expense accounts are translated using an average exchange rate prevailing during the reporting period. Adjustments resulting from the translation, if any, are included in cumulative other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity (deficiency). The Company has not, to the date of these consolidated financial statements, entered into derivative instruments to offset the impact of foreign currency fluctuations.

4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date or possibly early adopted, where permitted. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842). The standard requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 requires the recognition on the balance sheet of a lease liability to make lease payments by lessees and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new guidance will also require significant additional disclosure about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows from leases. The new guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for the Company). The amendments should be applied at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-02.

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4. Recent Accounting Pronouncements, (continued)

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. This ASU requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents are to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance is to be effective for the Company as of March 1, 2018 and requires a retrospective transition method. The Company has evaluated the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2016-18 and does not expect that this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment”. The new standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairments by eliminating step 2 from the goodwill quantitative impairment test. Instead, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is to be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard is to be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2017-04.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Topic 718: Scope of Modification Accounting (ASU 2017-09) to provide clarity and reduce both the (1) diversity in practice and (2) cost and complexity when changing the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards. Under ASU 2017-09, modification accounting is required to be applied unless all of the following are the same immediately before and after the change:

1. The award’s fair value (or calculated value or intrinsic value, if those measurement methods are used).
2. The award’s vesting conditions.
3. The award’s classification as an equity or liability instrument.
ASU 2017-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. The Company has evaluated the impact of its pending adoption of ASU 2017-09 and does not expect that this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in August 2015, March 2016, April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016, within ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, ASU 2016-20 and ASU 2017-13 respectively (ASU 2014-09, ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, ASU 2016-20, and ASU 2017-13, collectively, “Topic 606”). Topic 606 supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. Topic 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP. These estimates include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation, among others. The guidance is effective for fiscal and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, using either of two methods: (1) retrospective application of Topic 606 to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within Topic 606 or (2) retrospective application of Topic 606 with the cumulative effect of initially applying Topic 606 recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the impact of its pending adoption of Topic 606 and does not expect that this guidance will have a significant impact on its financial statements.

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5. Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash, term deposit, trade receivables, certain deposits under prepaid expenses and deposits, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximated their fair values as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the long-term debt, obligations under capital lease and loans payable to related party approximated their fair value due to their market interest rates.

Interest, Credit and Concentration Risk

In the opinion of management, the Company is exposed to significant interest rate risk on its variable rate credit facilities of $4,161,435 ($5,220,719 CAD) (2016-$nil). As at December 31, 2017, the Company is exposed to concentration risk as it had five customers (2016-two customers) representing greater than 5% of total trade receivables and four customers (2016-two customers) represented 91% (2016-36%) of trade receivables. The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue. These customers accounted for 88% of total revenue.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company is unable to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company takes steps to ensure it has sufficient working capital and available sources of financing to meet future cash requirements for capital programs and operations.

The Company intends to continue to raise funds through the issuance of common shares under a private placement, to ensure it has sufficient access to cash to meet current and foreseeable financial requirements. The Company actively monitors its liquidity to ensure that its cash flows and working capital are adequate to support its financial obligations and the Company’s capital programs.

Currency Risk

Although the Company’s functional currency is the CAD, the Company realizes a portion of its expenses in USD. Consequently, certain assets and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. As at December 31, 2017, $6,056 (2016-$ 5,108) of the Company’s net monetary liabilities were denominated in USD. The Company has not entered into any hedging transactions to reduce the exposure to currency risk.

6. Trade Receivables

The Company purchased certain assets of Astoria from BDO under an asset purchase agreement (“APA”), which closed on September 15, 2017. The trade receivables purchased had a face value of $208,102 ($261,075 CAD), net of accounts over 90 days. The purchase price, calculated at 70% of the face value was $145,671 ($182,752). During the year, the Company collected trade receivables over and above the purchase price in the amount of $61,594 ($79,982 CAD) and included on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss under other income.

7. Intangible Assets

On May 6, 2015, the Company acquired an exclusive license from Syngas SDN BHD (“Syngas”), a Malaysian company to use Syngas intellectual property within North America for a period of five years for $1 consideration, renewable every five years upon written request. Syngas manufactures equipment that produces liquid transportation fuel from plastic waste material. The Company issued 20,000 common shares of the Company to an introducing party, determined to be valued at $2,000.

On September 15, 2017, the Company purchased certain environmental compliance approvals totaling $145,630 ($182,700 CAD) in connection with the APA as described in note 8.

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8. Long-lived Assets, net

Included above are certain assets of Astoria acquired from BDO under an APA, which closed on September 15, 2017. The purchase price for the purchased assets, including composting buildings, gore cover system, driveway and paving, certain machinery and equipment, an office trailer, certain computer equipment and computer software consisted of cash of $3,122,498 ($3,917,300 CAD) and 529,970 restricted common shares of the Company, determined to be valued at $529,970 ($700,000 CAD), based on recent private placement pricing. In addition, legal costs in connection with acquiring the assets of $23,318 ($29,253 CAD), are included in the cost of the composting buildings. The purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired based on their estimated relative fair value as at the date the assets were acquired.

9. Related Party Transactions

During the year, the Company incurred $46,206 ($60,000 CAD) (2016-$45,289; $60,000 CAD) in management fees expense with Travellers International Inc. (“Travellers”), an Ontario company controlled by a director and president of the Company (the “President”); $46,206 ($60,000 CAD) (2016-$45,289; $60,000 CAD) in management fees expense with Landfill Gas Canada Ltd. (“LFGC”), an Ontario company controlled by a director and chief executive officer of the Company (the “CEO”); $ 36,965 ($48,000 CAD) (2016-$36,230; $48,000 CAD) in management fees expense with the Company’s chief financial officer (the “CFO”); and $36,965 ($48,000 CAD) (2016-$6,037; $8,000 CAD) in management fees expense with the Company’s vice-president of corporate development (the “VPCD”). As at December 31, 2017, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $111,426 ($139,789 CAD) (2016-$95,396; $128,083 CAD) is included in accounts payable and $102,935 ($129,137 CAD) (2016-$61,982; $83,220 CAD) is included in accrued liabilities.

In addition, during the year, the Company incurred interest expense of $15,056 ($19,550 CAD) (2016-$14,532; $19,253 CAD) on the outstanding loans from Travellers. As at December 31, 2017, interest of $22,120 ($27,750 CAD) (2016-$15,043; $20,197 CAD) is included in accrued liabilities.

Furthermore, the Company granted the CEO 3,000,000 restricted stock units (“RSU”), under a new consulting agreement effective January 1, 2017. The RSUs are to vest in three equal installments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized this executive compensation as management fees of $330,000 on this award, representing one third of the total value of the award of $990,000, based on a recent private placement pricing.

During the year, the Company incurred $63,223 ($82,097 CAD) (2016-$31,702; $42,000 CAD) in rent paid under a rental agreement to Haute Inc. (“Haute”), an Ontario company controlled by the President.

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10. Long-Term Debt

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10. Long-Term Debt, (continued)

Repayments are as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2017, $151,644 ($196,915 CAD) (December 31, 2016-$nil) in interest was charged.

11. Obligations under Capital Lease

The lease liabilities are secured by the equipment under capital lease as described in note 8.

Minimum lease payments are as follows:

For the year ended December 31, 2017, $2,200 (2,857 CAD) (December 31, 2016-$nil) in interest was charged.

12. Loans Payable to Related Party

Loans payable in the amount of $15,942 ($20,000 CAD) (December 31, 2016-$217,482; $292,000 CAD), owing to Travellers and bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum, are due on demand and unsecured. As at December 31, 2017, $22,120 ($27,750 CAD) (December 31, 2016-$15,043; $20,197 CAD) in interest is included in accrued liabilities. The loans were repaid, with accrued interest, subsequent to the year-end, with the final payment made on April 3, 2018. See under subsequent events note 18(c) for an additional loan from Travellers.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, $15,056 ($19,550 CAD) (2016-$14,532; $19,253 CAD) in interest was charged.

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13. Capital Stock

At December 31, 2017, the Company had 150,000,000 of common shares authorized with a par value of $.0001 per share and 37,393,031 (2016-34,128,910) common shares issued and outstanding.

During the year, the Company raised $497,374 (December 31, 2016-$358,316) cash on a private placement, net of share issue costs of $48,100 (2016-$28,690), on the issuance of 850,151 (December 31, 2016-2,581,564) common shares of the Company.

On January 5, 2017 and January 30, 2017, the Company issued, in total, 1,620,000 common shares of the Company, determined to be valued at $469,800, to agents for their services in assisting in establishing the Line of Credit (see note 10(a)). On each of January 30, 2017 and June 8, 2017, the Company issued a total of 40,000 common shares to two new directors, determined to be valued at $11,600 and $13,200 respectively.

On February 6, 2017, the Company issued 5,000 common shares and on August 23, 2017, the Company issued 4,000 common shares to a current employee for services and a new employee as an incentive to join the Company, respectively, determined to be valued at $1,450 and $4,000, respectively and included under office and administration in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. On May 9, 2017, the Company issued 15,000 common shares, on June 8, 2017, another 20,000 common shares and then on August 23, 2017, a further 20,000 common shares to consultants for their services, determined to be valued at $4,950, $6,600 and $20,000 respectively. These services were included in professional fees in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. On May 9, 2017, the Company issued 115,000 common shares on the exercise of the offer to acquire common shares at a price of $0.10 per common share by the VPCD. On September 5, 2017, the Company issued 5,000 common shares as compensation for a private placement, determined to be valued at $5,000. The services provided by the four new directors are included as directors’ compensation in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. In addition, on September 11, 2017, the Company issued 529,970 common shares on the acquisition of assets, determined to be valued at $529,970 ($700,000 CAD), based on recent private placement pricing (see note 1).

All non-cash transactions were valued based on the proceeds of a recent private placement.

The Company also granted the CEO 3,000,000 restricted stock units (“RSU”), under a new consulting agreement effective January 1, 2017. The RSUs are to vest in three equal installments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020. As at December 31, 2017, the Company recognized a stock compensation reserve of $330,000, representing one third of the total value of the award of $990,000, based on the pricing for a recent private placement offering. Refer also to note 18(f), subsequent events.

14. Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax provision has been calculated as follows:

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant components of the deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are presented below:

As at December 31, 2017 and 2016, the valuation allowance was due to the history of losses generated. The valuation allowance is reviewed periodically and if the assessment of the more likely than not criteria changes, the valuation allowance is adjusted accordingly.

Potential benefits of income tax losses are not recognized in the accounts until realization is more likely than not. The Company computes tax asset benefits for net operating losses (“NOL”) carried forward.

The Company has NOL available for carry forward of $2,591,934 ($3,251,705 CAD) (2016-$1,263,214; $1,696,044 CAD) which expire in the years 2022 through 2037.

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14. Income Taxes-in progress, (continued)

In addition, the Company has capital losses carried forward totaling $111,593 ($139,999 CAD). These losses can be carried forward indefinitely and can be used only against capital gains in Canada.

The United States government enacted the Tax Act legislation (the “Act”) on December 22, 2017. The Act made broad and complex changes to the United States tax code, including but not limited to, a reduction to the United States federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%; a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries; eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax (the “AMT”) and changing realization of AMT credits; changing rules relating to uses and limitations of NOL carry forwards created in tax years after December 31, 2017; changes to the limitations on available interest expense deductions; and changes to other existing deductions and business-related exclusions.

15. Commitments

The Company has already completed and provided its commitment for the first year of the program which ended March 31, 2017, which consisted of professional fees of $7,217 ($9,432 CAD) and a contribution to the capital requirements of the program, totaling $71,017 ($94,000 CAD), for equipment to be used in the AWT Program and to be retained by Fleming College, an academic institution.

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15. Commitments, (continued)

16. Segmented Information

The Company uses a management approach for determining segments. The management approach designates the internal organization that is used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s management reporting structure provides for only one segment: renewable energy and operates in one country, Canada.

17. Economic Dependence

The Company generates a substantial portion, 88%, of its revenue from four customers. The Company’s ability to continue operations is dependent on continuing to generate a similar amount of revenue from these customers.

18. Subsequent Events

The Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events up to April 16, 2018, the date the consolidated financial statements were issued, pursuant to the requirements of ASC 855 and has determined the following to be material subsequent events:

19. Comparative Figures

Certain of the prior year’s comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of senior management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, also our principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2017 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on this evaluation, Gerald Hamaliuk, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2017. Such conclusions were based on the small size of the Company and the resulting lack of a segregation of duties.

Report by Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The framework used by management to evaluate internal controls over financial reporting is Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), as implemented by their subsequent publication Internal Control over Financial Reporting – Guidance for Smaller Public Companies. Based on this evaluation, Gerald Hamaliuk, our chief executive officer and Ike Makrimichalos, our chief financial officer and principal financial and accounting officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the year ended December 31, 2017. The matters involving internal controls over financial reporting that may be considered material weaknesses included the small size of the Company and the resulting lack of a segregation of duties.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission which permanently exempt smaller reporting companies.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Our Board of Directors currently consists of six directors. For the size and scope of our business and operations, we believe a board of approximately this size is appropriate as it is small enough to allow for effective communication among the members but large enough so that we get a diverse set of perspectives and experiences around our board room. The Company is looking to increase the number of directors to seven. Our bylaws provide that, in uncontested elections, directors will be elected by a majority of the votes cast, and in contested elections, directors will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.

Each director on our Board of Directors will serve a one-year term or until their successor has been duly elected and qualified, subject to their earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Pursuant to the DGCL and our bylaws, in general, any vacancies on our Board of Directors resulting from death, retirement, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause may be filled only by an affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:

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We believe that each of our directors and executive officers possesses the experience, skills and qualities to fully perform his duties as a director or executive officer and contribute to our success. Our directors were nominated because each is of high ethical character, highly accomplished in his field with superior credentials and recognition, has a reputation, both personal and professional, that is consistent with our image and reputation, has the ability to exercise sound business judgment, and is able to dedicate sufficient time to fulfilling his obligations as a director. Our directors as a group complement each other and each of their respective experiences, skills and qualities so that collectively the Board operates in an effective, collegial and responsive manner. Similarly, for the executive officers. Described below, are the directors’ and executive officers’ principal occupations and other pertinent information about particular experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led the Board and management to conclude that such person should serve as a director or executive officer.

Gerald P. Hamaliuk, age 71 has served as Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the board of directors of the Company since December 2014. Since 2001, Mr. Hamaliuk has served as the president of Landfill Gas Canada Ltd., Oakville (Canada), Shenzhen (China), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), a company that utilizes Canadian biogas technology to develop renewable energy projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries in Asia. From 1997 to 2001, Mr. Hamaliuk was a vice-president industrial division/business development Engineer at Kilborn Engineering Inc. and SNCLavalin after SNC acquired Kilborn in 1997.

The determination was made that Mr. Hamaliuk should serve our Board of Directors because of his extensive experience in the services the Company intends to offer.

Ike Makrimichalos, age 62, is a Chartered Professional Accountant (Chartered Accountant), with over 25 years of experience in servicing public and private companies, including manufacturing, automotive, technology & telecommunications and insurance, for Deloitte in Toronto. Mr. Makrimichalos has served as a Chief Financial Officer and Controller in the mining sector for companies with global operations and multiple filing jurisdictions and currently serves as a Chief Financial Officer and Controller in the financial services and mining sectors, along with providing financial consulting services for several private companies. Mr. Makrimichalos graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor of Arts degree and became a Chartered Accountant in 1986.

The determination was made that Mr. Ike Makrimichalos join the executive team because he possesses significant experience in financial reporting and accounting matters.

Marc M. Hazout, age 53, has served as Chairman and President of SusGlobal Energy since it was founded in 2014. Since 2005, Mr. Hazout has also served as the Chief Executive Officer, President, principal financial and accounting officer and a director of Silver Dragon Resources Inc., a company whose common stock is quoted on the OTC marketplace and is engaged in the acquisition and exploration of silver and other mineral properties. Mr. Hazout has over 15 years of experience in public markets, finance and business operations. Over the past several years, Mr. Hazout has been involved in acquiring, restructuring and providing management services as both a director and an officer to several publicly traded companies. In 1998, Mr. Hazout founded and has been President and CEO of Travellers International Inc. (“Travellers”), a private investment banking firm headquartered in Toronto. Over the past several years, Travellers has focused on building relationships in China with the objective of participating in that country’s growth opportunities. Mr. Hazout attended York University in Toronto studying International Relations and Economics. Mr. Hazout speaks English, French and Hebrew, as well as some Spanish and Italian.

The determination was made that Mr. Hazout should serve on our Board of Directors because he possesses significant experience in securities and capital markets.

Vincent R. Ramoutar, age 55, is a seasoned executive and an inventor who has gained exposure in several high-tech businesses in an entrepreneurial startup environment. Having co-founded or worked in six startup companies. Vincent’s specialties include raising capital for startups, corporate strategy, marketing, and business development. Mr. Ramoutar has been involved in several energy and resources companies as an adviser since 2007 and has provided management services and partnerships in the European public markets with focus on raising capital and growth opportunities. Mr. Ramoutar obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science from New York Institute of Technology (magna cum laude), New York.

The determination was made that Mr. Ramoutar should serve on our Board of Directors because he possesses significant experience in securities and capital markets and brings an extensive network of relationships in several technology markets.

Gordon E. Miller, age 65, has held several senior management positions with the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and was the Environmental Commissioner of Ontario from 2000 to 2015. Mr. Miller was also a Professor at Sir Sandford Fleming College, Frost Campus, Lindsay, Ontario from 1986-1989 where SusGlobal Energy in partnership with the College recently was awarded an application under the AWT Program for academic research. Mr. Miller graduated with honors from the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario, with a Hon. B.Sc. in Biology and a M.Sc. in Plant Ecology. Mr. Miller has been recognized for his many publications as well as his many scientific and technical presentations.

The determination was made that Mr. Miller should serve on our Board of Directors because of his strong scientific and technical experience which will be extremely valuable as the Company continues to grow.

Laurence W. Zeifman, age 56, is a partner of Zeifmans LLP, ranked Canada’s eighteenth largest Chartered Professional Accounting (“CPA”) firm with a total staff of over 100. For over twenty years, Mr. Zeifman served as managing partner, successfully steering its steady growth and emergence as a leading midsized firm and continues to serve on the firm’s management committee.

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As well, he has serviced the auditing, accounting and/or consulting needs of a clientele of medium-sized public and private companies, including those in the financial services and health care sectors, being instrumental in the growth of his clients, and assisting them in managing their growth. Mr. Zeifman has also played a key role in Zeifmans’ quality control regime, maintaining compliance with the rules of professional conduct of CPA Ontario (formerly the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Ontario), and the professional standards of CPA Canada (formerly the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants). Mr. Zeifman is Zeifmans’ contact partner to Nexia International, Chair of Nexia Canada and a member of Nexia International’s Marketing and Business Development Committee. Nexia is an international network of accounting firms, and one of the ten largest accounting organizations in the world.

The determination was made that Mr. Zeifman should serve on our Board of Directors and serve as Chairman of the Audit Committee, due to his extensive technical and business experience which will be extremely valuable as the Company continues to grow.

Ryan Duffy, age 45, is the President and CEO of Blackstone Energy Services Inc. a Canadian firm that manages energy portfolios for a diverse range of companies across North America and the Caribbean. Blackstone is a leading provider of integrated custom energy management solutions that help large energy users manage their energy budget at risk, achieve efficiency improvements, implement renewable generation, and carbon offsetting. Prior to Blackstone Mr. Duffy worked with a number of Fortune 500 companies, including several in the energy space. Mr. Duffy is very active within the energy committee on Trans Canada’s-Tolls Task Force, Union Gas’– Marketer Council, the IESO’s – Information Technology Standing Committee, the Energy Services Association of Canada and the Canadian Manufactures and Exporters-Energy Committee. In addition, he is a member of the Canadian Healthcare Energy Society, the Association of Power Producers of Ontario, the Ontario Energy Association, SWITCH Ontario, and was a former board member of Rethink Sustainability Initiative. For his community involvement and corporate successes, Mr. Duffy was recently awarded the Ontario Sustainable Energy Association’s SMARTpreneur of the Year Award.

The determination was made that Mr. Duffy should serve on our Board of Directors due to his extensive technical and business experience which will be extremely valuable as the Company continues to grow.

Director Compensation Policy

The Company does not currently have a director compensation policy. For the year ended December 31, 2017, except as noted below no option or stock awards were granted to directors and no cash payments were made to directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. The director compensation for the year ended December 31, 2017, is noted below:

Director Compensation

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We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chief Financial Officer, as well as other officers, directors and employees of the Company. The code of ethics, entitled “Code of Conduct,” is posted on our website at www.susglobalenergy.com under the section “Corporate Governance” within the “Investor Relations” tab.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

The Company does not have a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and therefore our executive officers, directors and holders of more than 10% of our equity securities are not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.
 

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth certain summary information with respect to the compensation paid to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Financial Officer for services rendered in all capacities to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Other than as listed below, the Company had no executive officers whose total annual salary and bonus exceeded $100,000 for that fiscal year:

Consulting and Management Agreements

 Effective January 1, 2017, new consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the President and for the CEO. The consulting agreements are for a period of three years, commencing January 1, 2017. For each of these two executive officers, the monthly fees will be as follows: $3,986 (5,000 CAD) for 2017 and $11,957 (15,000 CAD) for 2018 and 2019. In addition, the CEO was granted 3,000,000 Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”). The RSUs are to vest in three equal installments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Company has also agreed to reimburse each for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by each executive officer. At a meeting of the Board of Directors on April 9, 2018, a new one-year consulting agreement was finalized for the services of the Company’s CFO, effective April 1, 2018, at a monthly rate of $4,783 ($6,000 CAD). The Company has also agreed to reimburse certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

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The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial ownership of SusGlobal Energy Corp’s securities as of April 9, 2018:

The above-referenced table is based on 38,633,031 issued and outstanding shares of common stock on the date of this filing.

EQUITY

As at December 31, 2017, the Company had 37,393,031 common shares issued and outstanding. At the date of this filing, the Company had 38,633,031 common shares issued and outstanding.

STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

The Company’s VPCD was offered 115,000 common shares of the Company at a price of $0.10 per common share, exercisable within 180 days of the effective date of the contract, which was effective November 1, 2016. The offer was exercised on April 30, 2017. In addition, effective January 1, 2017, the Company’s CEO was granted 3,000,000 RSUs. The RSUs are to vest in three equal instalments annually, on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Company has recorded a stock compensation reserve of $330,000 as at December 31, 2017, representing one third of the total value of the RSU of $990,000, based on a private placement pricing at the time of the grant. The RSUs are to vest in three equal instalments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020.

In addition, the Company had granted a new employee 6,000 RSUs under an employee agreement effective September 1, 2017. The employee was terminated prior to December 31, 2017 and forfeited the RSUs.

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The Company has no other stock options or warrants outstanding as at December 31, 2017 and as of the date of this filing.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

Related Party Transactions

During the year, the Company incurred $46,206 ($60,000 CAD) (2016-$45,289; $60,000 CAD) in management fees expense with Travellers, an Ontario company controlled by the President of the Company, who is also a director and $46,206 ($60,000 CAD) (2016-$45,289; $60,000 CAD) in management fees expense with LFGC, an Ontario company controlled by a director CEO of the Company; $ 36,965 ($48,000 CAD) (2016-$36,230; $48,000 CAD) in management fees expense with the Company’s CFO; and $36,965 ($48,000 CAD) (2016-$6,037; $8,000 CAD) in management fees expense with the Company’s VPCD. As at December 31, 2017, unpaid remuneration and unpaid expenses in the amount of $111,426 ($139,789 CAD) (2016-$95,396; $128,083 CAD) is included in accounts payable and $102,935 ($129,137 CAD) (2016-$61,982; $83,220 CAD) is included in accrued liabilities. In addition, during the year, the Company incurred interest expense of $15,056 ($19,550 CAD) (2016-$14,532; $19,253 CAD) on the outstanding loans from Travellers. During the year, Travellers loaned the Company $38,505 and the Company repaid Travellers $247,972. At December 31, 2017, the Company owed Travellers $15,942 ($20,000 CAD) and incurred unpaid interest of $22,120 ($27,750 CAD), which is included as accrued liabilities on the Company’s balance sheets. Subsequent to the year-end and up to the date of filing, the Company repaid the principal balance of $15,942 ($20,000 CAD).

Furthermore, the Company granted the CEO 3,000,000 restricted stock units (“RSU”), under a new consulting agreement effective January 1, 2017. The RSUs are to vest in three equal installments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized this executive compensation as management fees expense of $330,000 on this award, representing one third of the total value of the award of $990,000, based on a recent private placement pricing.

During the year, the Company incurred $63,223 ($82,097 CAD) (2016-$31,702; $42,000 CAD) in rent paid under a rental agreement Haute, an Ontario company controlled by the Company’s President.

Effective January 1, 2017, new consulting agreements were finalized for the services of the President and for the CEO. The consulting agreements are for a period of three years, commencing January 1, 2017. For each of these two executive officers, the monthly fees are as follows: $3,986 ($5,000 CAD) for 2017 and $11,966 ($15,000 CAD) for 2018 and 2019. In addition, the CEO was granted 3,000,000 RSUs. The RSUs are to vest in three equal installments annually on January 1, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The Company has also agreed to reimburse each for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by each executive officer. And, on April 9, 2018, a new one-year consulting agreement was finalized for the services of the Company’s CFO, effective April 1, 2018, at a monthly rate of $4,783 ($6,000 CAD). The Company has also agreed to reimburse certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the CFO.

In addition, the Company has loans payable in the amount of $15,942 ($20,000 CAD) at December 31, 2017, owing to Travellers and bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum are due on demand and unsecured. As at December 31, 2017, $22,200 ($27,750 CAD) in interest is included in accrued liabilities. The loans were repaid, with accrued interest, subsequent to the year-end, with the final payment made on April 3, 2018.

On April 3, 2018, Travellers provided a further loan to the Company in the amount of $159,420 ($200,000 CAD), due on demand, unsecured and bearing interest at the rate of 12% per annum. On April 4, 2018, a portion of the loan was used to pay its overdue monthly principal and interest instalments on the corporate term loan with PACE, totaling $120,464 ($151,128 CAD). On April 6, 2018, PACE agreed to permit the Company to defer the payment of the April, May and June principal and interest instalments on the corporate term loan, with the interest continuing to accrue during this period.

Further, on April 11, 2018, three directors of the Company, each loaned the Company $19,928 ($25,000 CAD). The loans bear interest at the rate of 12% per annum, are due on demand, unsecured and are to be used for operations.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The aggregate fees billed by the Company’s external auditors in each of the last two fiscal years are as follows:

The Audit Committee Charter provides that the Audit Committee is responsible for the pre-approval of all audit and non-audit services to be provided to the Company by the independent public accountants. The Audit Committee has not, however, adopted any specific policies and procedures for the engagement of non-audit services.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) (1) Consolidated Financial Statements:

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The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed separately in the Index to Financial Statements.

(a) (2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules:

None

(a) (3) Exhibits:

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SIGNATURES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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