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SVB FINANCIAL GROUP - Quarter Report: 2015 June (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 (Mark One)
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from          to         .
Commission File Number: 000-15637 
SVB FINANCIAL GROUP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
  
Delaware
 
91-1962278
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
3003 Tasman Drive, Santa Clara, California
 
95054-1191
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(408) 654-7400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  ¨    Smaller reporting company  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
At July 31, 2015, 51,475,662 shares of the registrant’s common stock ($0.001 par value) were outstanding.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 
 

2

Table of Contents

Glossary of Acronyms that may be used in this Report

ASC — Accounting Standards Codification
ASU – Accounting Standards Update
EHOP – Employee Home Ownership Program of the Company
EPS – Earnings Per Share
ESOP – Employee Stock Ownership Plan of the Company
ESPP – 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of the Company
FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB – Federal Home Loan Bank
FRB - Federal Reserve Bank
FTE - Full-Time Employee
FTP – Funds Transfer Pricing
GAAP - Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
IASB – International Accounting Standards Board
IPO – Initial Public Offering
IRS – Internal Revenue Service
IT – Information Technology
LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate
M&A – Merger and Acquisition
OTTI – Other Than Temporary Impairment
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission
TDR – Troubled Debt Restructuring
UK – United Kingdom
VIE – Variable Interest Entity

3

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
(Dollars in thousands, except par value and share data)
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,625,550

 
$
1,796,062

Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (cost of $14,414,219 and $13,497,945, respectively)
 
14,495,759

 
13,540,655

Held-to-maturity securities, at cost (fair value of $7,730,811 and $7,415,656, respectively)
 
7,735,891

 
7,421,042

Non-marketable and other securities (1)
 
645,506

 
1,728,140

Total investment securities
 
22,877,156

 
22,689,837

Loans, net of unearned income
 
14,261,430

 
14,384,276

Allowance for loan losses
 
(192,644
)
 
(165,359
)
Net loans
 
14,068,786

 
14,218,917

Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
88,284

 
79,845

Accrued interest receivable and other assets (1)
 
576,342

 
555,289

Total assets
 
$
40,236,118

 
$
39,339,950

Liabilities and total equity
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits
 
$
27,734,720

 
$
24,583,682

Interest-bearing deposits
 
7,892,245

 
9,759,817

Total deposits
 
35,626,965

 
34,343,499

Short-term borrowings
 
2,537

 
7,781

Other liabilities
 
614,690

 
483,493

Long-term debt
 
802,454

 
453,443

Total liabilities
 
37,046,646

 
35,288,216

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13 and Note 16)
 

 


SVBFG stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
 

 

Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 51,461,496 shares and 50,924,925 shares outstanding, respectively
 
51

 
51

Additional paid-in capital
 
1,162,508

 
1,120,350

Retained earnings (1)
 
1,824,626

 
1,649,967

Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
63,917

 
42,704

Total SVBFG stockholders’ equity
 
3,051,102

 
2,813,072

Noncontrolling interests
 
138,370

 
1,238,662

Total equity
 
3,189,472

 
4,051,734

Total liabilities and total equity
 
$
40,236,118

 
$
39,339,950

 
 
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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Table of Contents

SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015 (2)
 
2014
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
 
$
167,252

 
$
147,680

 
$
332,753

 
$
295,852

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
84,613

 
63,424

 
165,887

 
117,844

Non-taxable
 
741

 
794

 
1,513

 
1,590

Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and other short-term investment securities
 
1,320

 
1,943

 
2,589

 
3,579

Total interest income
 
253,926

 
213,841

 
502,742

 
418,865

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
 
1,182

 
3,068

 
3,125

 
5,972

Borrowings
 
8,973

 
5,808

 
16,921

 
11,600

Total interest expense
 
10,155

 
8,876

 
20,046

 
17,572

Net interest income
 
243,771

 
204,965

 
482,696

 
401,293

Provision for loan losses
 
26,513

 
1,947

 
32,965

 
2,441

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
 
217,258

 
203,018

 
449,731

 
398,852

Noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
 
24,975

 
(57,320
)
 
58,238

 
166,592

Gains on derivative instruments, net
 
16,317

 
12,775

 
56,046

 
36,942

Foreign exchange fees
 
22,364

 
17,928

 
40,042

 
35,124

Credit card fees
 
14,215

 
10,249

 
26,305

 
20,531

Deposit service charges
 
11,301

 
9,611

 
22,037

 
19,218

Lending related fees
 
8,163

 
5,876

 
16,185

 
12,179

Letters of credit and standby letters of credit fees
 
4,772

 
2,810

 
9,974

 
6,950

Client investment fees
 
5,264

 
3,519

 
9,746

 
6,937

Other
 
18,916

 
8,762

 
11,238

 
19,962

Total noninterest income
 
126,287

 
14,210

 
249,811

 
324,435

Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
 
124,915

 
99,820

 
240,685

 
202,327

Professional services
 
18,950

 
21,113

 
37,697

 
42,302

Premises and equipment
 
11,787

 
12,053

 
24,444

 
23,635

Business development and travel
 
9,764

 
9,249

 
20,876

 
19,443

Net occupancy
 
8,149

 
7,680

 
15,462

 
15,000

FDIC and state assessments
 
5,962

 
4,945

 
11,751

 
9,073

Correspondent bank fees
 
3,337

 
3,274

 
6,705

 
6,477

(Reduction of) provision for unfunded credit commitments
 
(3,061
)
 
2,185

 
(798
)
 
3,308

Other (1)
 
14,309

 
10,625

 
27,831

 
19,787

Total noninterest expense (1)
 
194,112

 
170,944

 
384,653

 
341,352

Income before income tax expense (1)
 
149,433

 
46,284

 
314,889

 
381,935

Income tax expense (1)
 
54,974

 
35,928

 
118,040

 
97,224

Net income before noncontrolling interests (1)
 
94,459

 
10,356

 
196,849

 
284,711

Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(8,316
)
 
40,597

 
(22,190
)
 
(142,808
)
Net income available to common stockholders (1)
 
$
86,143

 
$
50,953

 
$
174,659

 
$
141,903

Earnings per common share—basic (1)
 
$
1.68

 
$
1.06

 
$
3.42

 
$
3.02

Earnings per common share—diluted
 
1.66

 
1.04

 
3.37

 
2.96

 
 
 
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(2)
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2015, have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Net income before noncontrolling interests (1) (2)
 
$
94,459

 
$
10,356

 
$
196,849

 
$
284,711

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in cumulative translation gains:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation gains
 
529

 
157

 
2,690

 
1,621

Related tax expense
 
(321
)
 
(76
)
 
(1,141
)
 
(654
)
Change in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding (losses) gains
 
(45,541
)
 
82,064

 
41,566

 
111,393

Related tax benefit (expense)
 
18,191

 
(33,203
)
 
(17,024
)
 
(45,008
)
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income
 
(141
)
 
16,480

 
(2,737
)
 
16,421

Related tax expense (benefit)
 
57

 
(6,653
)
 
1,105

 
(6,630
)
Cumulative-effect adjustment for unrealized gains on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity
 

 
36,653

 

 
36,653

Related tax expense
 

 
(14,756
)
 

 
(14,756
)
Amortization of unrealized gains on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity
 
(2,604
)
 

 
(5,432
)
 

Related tax benefit
 
1,047

 

 
2,186

 

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
 
(28,783
)
 
80,666

 
21,213

 
99,040

Comprehensive income
 
65,676

 
91,022

 
218,062

 
383,751

Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests (2)
 
(8,316
)
 
40,597

 
(22,190
)
 
(142,808
)
Comprehensive income attributable to SVBFG
 
$
57,360

 
$
131,619

 
$
195,872

 
$
240,943

 
 
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(2)
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2015, have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in Capital
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total SVBFG
Stockholders’ Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
Total Equity
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2013 (As Reported)
 
45,800,418

 
$
46

 
$
624,256

 
$
1,390,732

 
$
(48,764
)
 
$
1,966,270

 
$
1,113,058

 
$
3,079,328

Cumulative effective of adopting ASU 2014-01 (1)
 

 

 

 
(4,635
)
 

 
(4,635
)
 

 
(4,635
)
Balance at December 31, 2013 (As Revised)
 
45,800,418

 
$
46

 
$
624,256

 
$
1,386,097

 
$
(48,764
)
 
$
1,961,635

 
$
1,113,058

 
$
3,074,693

Common stock issued under employee benefit plans, net of restricted stock cancellations
 
379,026

 

 
8,127

 

 

 
8,127

 

 
8,127

Common stock issued under ESOP
 
30,762

 

 
3,890

 

 

 
3,890

 

 
3,890

Income tax benefit from stock options exercised, vesting of restricted stock and other
 

 

 
6,164

 

 

 
6,164

 

 
6,164

Net income (1)
 

 

 

 
141,903

 

 
141,903

 
142,808

 
284,711

Capital calls and distributions, net
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
6,419

 
6,419

Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
76,176

 
76,176

 

 
76,176

Cumulative-effect for unrealized gains on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
22,522

 
22,522

 

 
22,522

Amortization of unrealized gains on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
(625
)
 
(625
)
 

 
(625
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
967

 
967

 

 
967

Common stock issued in public offering
 
4,485,000

 
5

 
434,861

 

 

 
434,866

 

 
434,866

Share-based compensation expense
 

 

 
15,284

 

 

 
15,284

 
$

 
15,284

Balance at June 30, 2014 (1)
 
50,695,206

 
$
51

 
$
1,092,582

 
$
1,528,000

 
$
50,276

 
$
2,670,909

 
$
1,262,285

 
$
3,933,194

Balance at December 31, 2014 (1)
 
50,924,925

 
$
51

 
$
1,120,350

 
$
1,649,967

 
$
42,704

 
$
2,813,072

 
$
1,238,662

 
$
4,051,734

Common stock issued under employee benefit plans, net of restricted stock cancellations
 
509,146

 

 
13,582

 

 

 
13,582

 

 
13,582

Common stock issued under ESOP
 
27,425

 

 
3,512

 

 

 
3,512

 

 
3,512

Income tax benefit from stock options exercised, vesting of restricted stock and other
 

 

 
10,157

 

 

 
10,157

 

 
10,157

Deconsolidation of noncontrolling interest
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,069,437
)
 
(1,069,437
)
Net income
 

 

 

 
174,659

 

 
174,659

 
22,190

 
196,849

Capital calls and distributions, net
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(53,045
)
 
(53,045
)
Net change in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
22,910

 
22,910

 

 
22,910

Amortization of unrealized gains on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
(3,246
)
 
(3,246
)
 

 
(3,246
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax
 

 

 

 

 
1,549

 
1,549

 

 
1,549

Share-based compensation expense
 

 

 
14,907

 

 

 
14,907

 

 
14,907

Balance at June 30, 2015
 
51,461,496

 
$
51

 
$
1,162,508

 
$
1,824,626

 
$
63,917

 
$
3,051,102

 
$
138,370

 
$
3,189,472

 
 
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.

  See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES
INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Net income before noncontrolling interests (1)
 
$
196,849

 
$
284,711

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
 
32,965

 
2,441

(Reduction of) provision for unfunded credit commitments
 
(798
)
 
3,308

Changes in fair values of derivatives, net
 
(33,030
)
 
14,566

Gains on investment securities, net
 
(58,238
)
 
(166,592
)
Depreciation and amortization (1)
 
19,753

 
19,181

Amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities, net
 
9,662

 
14,419

Amortization of share-based compensation
 
15,986

 
14,765

Amortization of deferred loan fees
 
(43,194
)
 
(39,071
)
Pre-tax net gain on SVBIF sale transaction
 
(1,287
)
 

Deferred income tax benefit
 
4,283

 
5,173

Changes in other assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Accrued interest receivable and payable, net
 
2,087

 
(11,326
)
Accounts receivable and payable, net
 
(4,912
)
 
(3,303
)
Income tax payable and receivable, net (1)
 
4,881

 
5,176

Accrued compensation
 
(30,579
)
 
(48,848
)
Foreign exchange spot contracts, net
 
46,517

 
119,577

Other, net
 
44,489

 
3,912

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
205,434

 
218,089

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
Purchases of available-for-sale securities
 
(1,711,333
)
 
(6,045,269
)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities
 
6,674

 
23,708

Proceeds from maturities and pay downs of available-for-sale securities
 
791,954

 
1,050,927

Purchases of held-to-maturity securities
 
(1,032,637
)
 
(120,426
)
Proceeds from maturities and pay downs of held-to-maturity securities
 
734,606

 
74,236

Purchases of non-marketable and other securities (cost and equity method accounting)
 
(12,875
)
 
(30,354
)
Proceeds from sales and distributions of non-marketable and other securities (cost and equity method accounting)
 
66,807

 
38,265

Purchases of non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting)
 
(3,374
)
 
(126,907
)
Proceeds from sales and distributions of non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting)
 
67,929

 
146,509

Net decrease (increase) in loans
 
146,753

 
(440,780
)
Proceeds from recoveries of charged-off loans
 
4,541

 
2,933

Effect of deconsolidation of noncontrolling interest
 
15,995

 

Purchases of premises and equipment
 
(24,539
)
 
(18,744
)
Net proceeds from SVBIF sale transaction (2)
 
39,284

 

Net cash used for investing activities
 
(910,215
)
 
(5,445,902
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
Net increase in deposits
 
1,203,927

 
5,879,568

Decrease in short-term borrowings
 
(5,244
)
 
(170
)
Net (distributions to) capital contributions from noncontrolling interests
 
(53,045
)
 
6,419

Tax benefit from stock exercises
 
10,157

 
6,164

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, ESPP, and ESOP
 
17,091

 
12,018

Net proceeds from public equity offering
 

 
434,866

Proceeds from issuance of 3.50% Senior Notes
 
346,431

 

Net cash provided by financing activities
 
1,519,317

 
6,338,865

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
 
814,536

 
1,111,052

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period (1) (2)
 
1,811,014

 
1,538,779

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period (1)
 
$
2,625,550

 
$
2,649,831

Supplemental disclosures:
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for:
 
 
 
 
Interest
 
$
24,848

 
$
17,535

Income taxes
 
93,439

 
75,057

Noncash items during the period:
 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
 
$
22,910

 
$
76,176

Distributions of stock from investments
 
23,806

 
11,080

Transfers from available-for-sale securities to held-to-maturity
 

 
5,418,572

(1)
Cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 were revised to reflect the adoption of ASU 2015-02 as of January 1, 2015 and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2014 were revised to reflect the retrospective application of our adoption of ASU 2014-01.
(2)
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2014 included $15.0 million recognized in assets held-for-sale in conjunction with the SVBIF Sale Transaction. On April 13, 2015 we received net proceeds of $39.3 million consisting of the sales price of $48.6 million less $9.3 million of cash and cash equivalents held by SVBIF that were sold.
See accompanying notes to interim consolidated financial statements (unaudited).

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SVB FINANCIAL GROUP AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1.
Basis of Presentation
SVB Financial Group is a diversified financial services company, as well as a bank holding company and financial holding company. SVB Financial was incorporated in the state of Delaware in March 1999. Through our various subsidiaries and divisions, we offer a variety of banking and financial products and services to support our clients of all sizes and stages throughout their life cycles. In these notes to our consolidated financial statements, when we refer to “SVB Financial Group,” “SVBFG”, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” or use similar words, we mean SVB Financial Group and all of its subsidiaries collectively, including Silicon Valley Bank (the “Bank”), unless the context requires otherwise. When we refer to “SVB Financial” or the “Parent” we are referring only to the parent company, SVB Financial Group, unless the context requires otherwise.
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with GAAP. Such unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future periods. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 (“2014 Form 10-K”).
The preparation of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates may change as new information is obtained. Significant items that are subject to such estimates include measurements of fair value, the valuation of non-marketable securities, the valuation of equity warrant assets, the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded credit commitments, and the recognition and measurement of income tax assets and liabilities.
Principles of Consolidation and Presentation
Prior to April 1, 2015, the Company’s consolidated financial statements included the accounts of SVB Financial Group and entities in which we had a controlling interest.  The determination of whether we had controlling interest was based on consolidation principles prescribed by ASC Topic 810 and whether the controlling interest in an entity was a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity (“VIE”). However, during the three months ended June 30, 2015, we early adopted the provisions of ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (ASU 2015-02)(see "Adoption of New Accounting Standards" below), which simplifies consolidation accounting by reducing the number of consolidation models and changing various aspects of current GAAP, including certain consolidation criteria for variable interest entities. The new guidance eliminates the presumption that a general partner of a limited partnership arrangement should consolidate a limited partnership. The amendments to ASC Topic 810 in ASU 2015-02 modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar entities are VIEs or voting entities. With these changes, we determined that the majority of our investments in limited partnership arrangements are VIEs under the new guidance while these entities were typically voting interest entities under the prior guidance.
ASU 2015-02 provided a single model for evaluating VIE entities for consolidation. VIEs are entities where investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or equity investors, as a group, lack one of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, (b) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (c) the right to receive the expected returns of the entity. We assess VIEs to determine if we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE.  A primary beneficiary is defined as a variable interest holder that has a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest requires both: (a) power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and (b) obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits of a VIE that could potentially be significant to a VIE. Under this analysis, we evaluate kick-out rights and other participating rights which could provide us a controlling financial interest. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE.
ASU 2015-02 also changed how we evaluate fees paid to managers of our limited partnership investments. Under the new guidance, we exclude those fee arrangements that are not deemed to be variable interests from the analysis of our interests in our investments in VIEs and the determination of a primary beneficiary, if any.
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SVB Financial Group and consolidated entities. We consolidate voting entities in which we have control through voting interests. We determine whether we have a controlling financial interest in a VIE by determining if we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and whether we have significant variable interests. Generally, we have significant variable

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interests if our commitments to a limited partnership investment represent a significant amount of the total commitments to the entity. We also evaluate the impact of related parties on our determination of variable interests in our consolidation conclusions. We consolidate VIEs in which we are the primary beneficiary based on a controlling financial interest. If we are not the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we record our pro-rata interests or our cost basis in the VIE, as appropriate, based on other accounting guidance within GAAP.
All significant intercompany accounts and transactions with consolidated entities have been eliminated. We have not provided financial or other support during the periods presented to any VIE that we were not previously contractually required to provide.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
In February 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard, ASU 2015-02, which amends the consolidation requirement for certain legal entities. As outlined above in "Principles of Consolidation and Presentation", we early adopted this guidance in the second quarter of 2015 using the modified retrospective method, which results in an effective date of adoption of January 1, 2015 and will not require the restatement of prior period results. The adoption of this guidance impacted our statement of financial position and results of operations, but had no impact on retained earnings, SVBFG stockholders' equity or net income as investments that were consolidated in previous reporting periods are now deconsolidated and no new investments were consolidated. Refer to Note 4—”Variable Interest Entities” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details regarding our assessment of the adoption of this guidance.
In May 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard (ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)), which removes the requirement to categorize within the fair value hierarchy all investments for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The standard is required to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. We early adopted this guidance in the second quarter of 2015. The adoption of this guidance impacts our fair value disclosures and has no impact on our financial position, results of operations or stockholders' equity.
In January 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard (ASU 2014-01, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects), which is effective for us for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The standard is required to be applied retrospectively, with an adjustment to retained earnings in the earliest period presented. The ASU is applicable to our portfolio of low income housing tax credit ("LIHTC") partnership interests. We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2015.
For prior periods, pursuant to ASU 2014-01, (i) amortization expense related to our low income housing tax credits was reclassified from Other noninterest expense to Income tax expense, (ii) additional amortization, net of the associated tax benefits, was recognized in Income tax expense as a result of our adoption of the proportional amortization method and (iii) net deferred tax assets, related to our low income housing tax investments, were written-off. The cumulative effect to retained earnings as of January 1, 2015 of adopting this guidance was a reduction of $4.7 million, inclusive of a $4.6 million reduction to retained earnings as of January 1, 2014. Our previously reported net income and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ending June 30, 2014 were not materially impacted by the adoption of ASU 2014-01.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard (ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)), which provides revenue recognition guidance that is intended to create greater consistency with respect to how and when revenue from contracts with customers is shown in the income statement. This guidance will be effective on a retrospective basis beginning on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or stockholders' equity.
In August 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard (ASU 2014-15, Going Concern (Topic 205-40)), which requires management to evaluate for each annual and interim reporting period whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern. The guidance will be effective for annual and quarterly periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We are currently developing processes and controls to adopt this guidance by the adoption deadline and do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or stockholders' equity.
In April 2015, the FASB issued a new accounting standard (ASU 2015-03, Interest- Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30), which simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs. The guidance will be effective for annual and quarterly periods beginning on January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our financial position.

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Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts, including amounts related to the adoption of ASU 2014-01 and ASU 2015-02, have been reclassified to conform to current period presentations.
2.
Stockholders’ Equity and EPS
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table summarizes the items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into the Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Income Statement Location
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income
 
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
 
$
(141
)
 
$
16,480

 
$
(2,737
)
 
$
16,421

Related tax expense (benefit)
 
Income tax expense
 
57

 
(6,653
)
 
1,105

 
(6,630
)
Total reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net of tax
 
 
 
$
(84
)
 
$
9,827

 
$
(1,632
)
 
$
9,791


EPS
Basic EPS is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted EPS is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares include incremental shares issued for stock options and restricted stock units outstanding under our equity incentive plans and our ESPP. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of dilutive EPS in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. The following is a reconciliation of basic EPS to diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income available to common stockholders (1)
 
$
86,143

 
$
50,953

 
$
174,659

 
$
141,903

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding-basic
 
51,268

 
48,168

 
51,139

 
47,025

Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock options and ESPP
 
410

 
569

 
420

 
601

Restricted stock units
 
198

 
308

 
229

 
361

Denominator for diluted calculation
 
51,876

 
49,045

 
51,788

 
47,987

Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (1)
 
$
1.68

 
$
1.06

 
$
3.42

 
$
3.02

Diluted
 
$
1.66

 
$
1.04

 
$
3.37

 
$
2.96

 
 
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
The following table summarizes the weighted-average common shares excluded from the diluted EPS calculation as they were deemed to be antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:

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Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Shares in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Stock options
 
99

 
167

 
146

 
90

Restricted stock units
 

 
2

 

 
1

Total
 
99

 
169

 
146

 
91

3.Share-Based Compensation
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, we recorded share-based compensation and related tax benefits as follows: 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Share-based compensation expense
 
$
8,215

 
$
7,687

 
$
15,986

 
$
14,765

Income tax benefit related to share-based compensation expense
 
(2,692
)
 
(2,515
)
 
(5,330
)
 
(4,675
)
Unrecognized Compensation Expense
As of June 30, 2015, unrecognized share-based compensation expense was as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
  Unrecognized  
Expense
 
Average
Expected
Recognition
  Period - in Years  
Stock options
 
$
14,464

 
2.63
Restricted stock units
 
46,877

 
2.81
Total unrecognized share-based compensation expense
 
$
61,341

 
 
Share-Based Payment Award Activity
The table below provides stock option information related to the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
 
 
Options
 
Weighted
Average
 Exercise Price 
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years  
 
Aggregate
  Intrinsic Value  
of In-The-
Money
Options
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
 
1,394,888

 
$
66.03

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
122,120

 
129.30

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(286,282
)
 
51.34

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
 
(17,383
)
 
86.09

 
 
 
 
Expired
 
(1,520
)
 
48.76

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at June 30, 2015
 
1,211,823

 
75.61

 
4.22
 
$
82,851,473

Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2015
 
1,168,962

 
74.62

 
4.17
 
81,084,324

Exercisable at June 30, 2015
 
678,385

 
59.89

 
3.23
 
57,044,065

The aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding options shown in the table above represents the pretax intrinsic value based on our closing stock price of $143.98 as of June 30, 2015. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 was $11.6 million and $21.8 million, respectively, compared to $3.5 million and $10.7 million for the comparable 2014 periods.

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The table below provides information for restricted stock units under the 2006 Equity Incentive Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2015:
 
 
Shares    
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2014
 
614,666

 
$
79.92

Granted
 
230,120

 
129.15

Vested
 
(208,257
)
 
73.94

Forfeited
 
(15,638
)
 
85.25

Nonvested at June 30, 2015
 
620,891

 
100.04

4.
Variable Interest Entities
Our involvement with VIEs includes our investments in venture capital and private equity funds, debt funds, private and public portfolio companies and our investments in qualified affordable housing projects.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and classification of significant variable interests in consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2015:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Consolidated VIEs
 
Unconsolidated VIEs (1)
 
Maximum Exposure to Loss in Unconsolidated VIEs
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
22,203

 
$

 
$

Non-marketable and other securities (2)
 
200,695

 
340,972

 
340,972

Accrued interest receivable and other assets
 
659

 

 

Total assets
 
$
223,557

 
$
340,972

 
$
340,972

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
 
282

 

 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities (2)
 

 
63,637

 

Total liabilities
 
$
282

 
$
63,637

 
$

 
 
(1)
During the second quarter of 2015 we adopted ASU 2015-02 and certain previously consolidated VIEs are no longer included in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. We applied the accounting guidance as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption, January 1, 2015. Upon adoption, we deconsolidated 16 entities, which reduced our total assets and total equity (which includes total SVBFG stockholders' equity plus noncontrolling interests) by $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, primarily as a result of the reduction of our non-marketable and other securities and noncontrolling interests, respectively. SVB Financial continues to consolidate its interest in five SVB Capital funds that meet the new consolidated criteria.
(2)
Included in our non-marketable and other securities portfolio are investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $122.5 million and related unfunded commitments of $63.6 million.
Non-marketable and other securities
Our non-marketable and other securities portfolio primarily represents investments in venture capital and private equity funds, debt funds, private and public portfolio companies and investments in qualified affordable housing projects. A majority of these investments are through third party funds held by SVB Financial in which we do not have controlling or significant variable interests. These investments represent our unconsolidated VIEs in the table above. Our non-marketable and other securities portfolio also includes investments from SVB Capital. SVB Capital is the venture capital investment arm of SVB Financial, which focuses primarily on funds management. The SVB Capital family of funds is comprised of direct venture funds that invest in companies and funds of funds that invest in other venture capital funds. We have a controlling and significant variable interest in five of these SVB Capital funds and consolidate these funds for financial reporting purposes.
All investments are generally nonredeemable and distributions are expected to be received through the liquidation of the underlying investments throughout the life of the investment fund. Investments may be sold or transferred subject to the notice

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and approval provisions of the underlying investment agreement. Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, including the Volcker Rule, we also make commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity funds, but are not obligated to fund commitments beyond our initial investment. For additional details, see Note 13—"Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Guarantees, and Other Commitments" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)" under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
The Bank also has variable interests in low income housing tax credit funds that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of federal tax credits. These investments are typically limited partnerships in which the general partner, other than the Bank, holds the power over significant activities of the VIE. We have not consolidated these investments in accordance with the new guidelines in ASU 2015-02. For additional information on our investments in qualified affordable housing projects see Note 6—“Investment Securities" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
As of June 30, 2015, our exposure to loss with respect to the consolidated VIEs is limited to our net assets of $223.3 million and our exposure to loss for our unconsolidated VIEs is equal to our investment in these assets of $341.0 million.
5.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The following table details our cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015

December 31, 2014
Cash and due from banks (1)
 
$
2,281,816

 
$
1,694,329

Securities purchased under agreements to resell (2)
 
338,612

 
95,611

Other short-term investment securities
 
5,122

 
6,122

Total cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,625,550

 
$
1,796,062

 
 
(1)
At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $1.4 billion and $861 million, respectively, of our cash and due from banks was deposited at the Federal Reserve Bank and was earning interest at the Federal Funds target rate, and interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions were $557 million and $440 million, respectively.
(2)
At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, securities purchased under agreements to resell were collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. agency securities with aggregate fair values of $345 million and $98 million, respectively. None of these securities received as collateral were sold or pledged as of June 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.
6.
Investment Securities
Our investment securities portfolio consists of i) an available-for-sale securities portfolio and a held-to-maturity securities portfolio, both of which represent interest-earning investment securities, and ii) a non-marketable and other securities portfolio, which primarily represents investments managed as part of our funds management business.
Available-for-Sale Securities
The components of our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Carrying
Value
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
8,952,703

 
$
54,705

 
$
(5,442
)
 
$
9,001,966

U.S. agency debentures
 
3,127,635

 
31,285

 
(3,967
)
 
3,154,953

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
1,641,311

 
11,995

 
(10,713
)
 
1,642,593

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—variable rate
 
687,418

 
4,892

 
(2
)
 
692,308

Equity securities
 
5,152

 
165

 
(1,378
)
 
3,939

Total available-for-sale securities
 
$
14,414,219

 
$
103,042

 
$
(21,502
)
 
$
14,495,759



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December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Carrying
Value
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
7,289,135

 
$
17,524

 
$
(4,386
)
 
$
7,302,273

U.S. agency debentures
 
3,540,055

 
30,478

 
(8,977
)
 
$
3,561,556

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
1,884,450

 
14,851

 
(14,458
)
 
1,884,843

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—variable rate
 
779,103

 
5,372

 

 
784,475

Equity securities
 
5,202

 
2,628

 
(322
)
 
7,508

Total available-for-sale securities
 
$
13,497,945

 
$
70,853

 
$
(28,143
)
 
$
13,540,655


The following table summarizes our unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities portfolio into categories of less than 12 months and 12 months or longer as of June 30, 2015:
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
552,547

 
$
(5,442
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
552,547

 
$
(5,442
)
U.S. agency debentures
 
511,643

 
(3,967
)
 

 

 
511,643

 
(3,967
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
375,854

 
(1,213
)
 
404,495

 
(9,500
)
 
780,349

 
(10,713
)
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—variable rate
 
933

 
(2
)
 

 

 
933

 
(2
)
Equity securities
 
2,719

 
(1,378
)
 

 

 
2,719

 
(1,378
)
Total temporarily impaired securities: (1)
 
$
1,443,696

 
$
(12,002
)
 
$
404,495

 
$
(9,500
)
 
$
1,848,191

 
$
(21,502
)
 
 
(1)
As of June 30, 2015, we identified a total of 94 investments that were in unrealized loss positions, of which 17 investments totaling $404.5 million with unrealized losses of $9.5 million have been in an impaired position for a period of time greater than 12 months. As of June 30, 2015, we do not intend to sell any impaired fixed income investment securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell any of our securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis. Based on our analysis as of June 30, 2015, we deem all impairments to be temporary, and therefore changes in value for our temporarily impaired securities as of the same date are included in other comprehensive income. Market valuations and impairment analyses on assets in the available-for-sale securities portfolio are reviewed and monitored on a quarterly basis.
The following table summarizes our unrealized losses on our available-for-sale securities portfolio into categories of less than 12 months and 12 months or longer as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
2,297,895

 
$
(4,386
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
2,297,895

 
$
(4,386
)
U.S. agency debentures
 
249,266

 
(489
)
 
507,385

 
(8,488
)
 
756,651

 
(8,977
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
662,092

 
(3,104
)
 
453,801

 
(11,354
)
 
1,115,893

 
(14,458
)
Equity securities
 
568

 
(322
)
 

 

 
568

 
(322
)
Total temporarily impaired securities (1):
 
$
3,209,821

 
$
(8,301
)
 
$
961,186

 
$
(19,842
)
 
$
4,171,007

 
$
(28,143
)
 
 

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(1)
As of December 31, 2014, we identified a total of 115 investments that were in unrealized loss positions, of which 33 investments totaling $961.2 million with unrealized losses of $19.8 million have been in an impaired position for a period of time greater than 12 months. As of December 31, 2014, we do not intend to sell any impaired fixed income investment securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell any of our securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis. Based on our analysis as of December 31, 2014, we deem all impairments to be temporary, and therefore changes in value for our temporarily impaired securities as of the same date are included in other comprehensive income. Market valuations and impairment analyses on assets in the available-for-sale securities portfolio are reviewed and monitored on a quarterly basis.



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The following table summarizes the remaining contractual principal maturities and fully taxable equivalent yields on fixed income investment securities classified as available-for-sale as of June 30, 2015. The weighted average yield is computed using the amortized cost of fixed income investment securities, which are reported at fair value. For U.S. treasury securities and U.S. Agency debentures, the expected maturity is the actual contractual maturity of the notes. Expected maturities for mortgage-backed securities may differ significantly from their contractual maturities because mortgage borrowers have the right to prepay outstanding loan obligations with or without penalties. Mortgage-backed securities classified as available-for-sale typically have original contractual maturities from 10 to 30 years whereas expected average lives of these securities tend to be significantly shorter and vary based upon structure and prepayments in lower rate environments.
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
Total
 
One Year
or Less
 
After One Year to
Five Years
 
After Five Years to
Ten Years
 
After
Ten Years
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Carrying
Value
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
9,001,966

 
1.07
%
 
$
400,332

 
0.32
%
 
$
7,866,030

 
1.14
%
 
$
735,604

 
0.75
%
 
$

 
%
U.S. agency debentures
 
3,154,953

 
1.65

 
847,396

 
1.82

 
2,159,703

 
1.53

 
147,854

 
2.49

 

 

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - fixed rate
 
1,642,593

 
1.98

 

 

 

 

 
598,642

 
2.55

 
1,043,951

 
1.65

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - variable rate
 
692,308

 
0.71

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
692,308

 
0.71

Total
 
$
14,491,820

 
1.28

 
$
1,247,728

 
1.34

 
$
10,025,733

 
1.22

 
$
1,482,100

 
1.65

 
$
1,736,259

 
1.28




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Table of Contents

Held-to-Maturity Securities

The components of our held-to-maturity investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Held-to-maturity securities, at cost:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. agency debentures (1)
 
$
488,185

 
$
7,049

 
$
(93
)
 
$
495,141

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities
 
2,590,151

 
2,280

 
(4,829
)
 
2,587,602

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
3,527,554

 
6,194

 
(18,767
)
 
3,514,981

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—variable rate
 
117,109

 
285

 
(1
)
 
117,393

Agency-issued commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
936,337

 
4,870

 
(1,235
)
 
939,972

Municipal bonds and notes
 
76,555

 
8

 
(841
)
 
75,722

Total held-to-maturity securities
 
$
7,735,891

 
$
20,686

 
$
(25,766
)
 
$
7,730,811

 
 
(1)
Consists of pools of Small Business Investment Company debentures issued and guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration, an independent agency of the United States.
 
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
Held-to-maturity securities, at cost:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. agency debentures (1)
 
$
405,899

 
$
4,589

 
$
(38
)
 
$
410,450

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities
 
2,799,923

 
5,789

 
(2,320
)
 
2,803,392

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
3,185,109

 
4,521

 
(14,885
)
 
3,174,745

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—variable rate
 
131,580

 
371

 

 
131,951

Agency-issued commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
814,589

 
1,026

 
(3,800
)
 
811,815

Municipal bonds and notes
 
83,942

 
18

 
(657
)
 
83,303

Total held-to-maturity securities
 
$
7,421,042

 
$
16,314

 
$
(21,700
)
 
$
7,415,656

 
 
(1)
Consists of pools of Small Business Investment Company debentures issued and guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration, an independent agency of the United States.


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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes our unrealized losses on our held-to-maturity securities portfolio into categories of less than 12 months and 12 months or longer as of June 30, 2015:
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. agency debentures
 
$
15,024

 
$
(93
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
15,024

 
$
(93
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities
 
1,049,518

 
(4,247
)
 
21,869

 
(582
)
 
1,071,387

 
(4,829
)
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
2,418,601

 
(18,649
)
 
10,441

 
(118
)
 
2,429,042

 
(18,767
)
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—variable rate
 
8,150

 
(1
)
 

 

 
8,150

 
(1
)
Agency-issued commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
218,784

 
(671
)
 
107,974

 
(564
)
 
326,758

 
(1,235
)
Municipal bonds and notes
 
41,918

 
(355
)
 
27,070

 
(486
)
 
68,988

 
(841
)
Total temporarily impaired securities (1):
 
$
3,751,995

 
$
(24,016
)
 
$
167,354

 
$
(1,750
)
 
$
3,919,349

 
$
(25,766
)
 
 
(1)
As of June 30, 2015, we identified a total of 280 investments that were in unrealized loss positions, 52 of which have been in an impaired position for a period of time greater than 12 months. As of June 30, 2015, we do not intend to sell any impaired fixed income investment securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell any of our securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis, which is consistent with our classification of these securities. Based on our analysis as of June 30, 2015, we deem all impairments to be temporary. Market valuations and impairment analyses on assets in the held-to-maturity securities portfolio are reviewed and monitored on a quarterly basis.
The following table summarizes our unrealized losses on our held-to-maturity securities portfolio into categories of less than 12 months and 12 months or longer as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or longer (1)
 
Total
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value of
Investments
 
Unrealized
Losses
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. agency debentures
 
$
48,335

 
$
(38
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
48,335

 
$
(38
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities
 
999,230

 
(2,320
)
 

 

 
999,230

 
(2,320
)
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations—fixed rate
 
1,682,348

 
(9,705
)
 
783,558

 
(5,180
)
 
2,465,906

 
(14,885
)
Agency-issued commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
629,840

 
(3,800
)
 

 

 
629,840

 
(3,800
)
Municipal bonds and notes
 
79,141

 
(657
)
 

 

 
79,141

 
(657
)
Total temporarily impaired securities (2):
 
$
3,438,894

 
$
(16,520
)
 
$
783,558

 
$
(5,180
)
 
$
4,222,452

 
$
(21,700
)
 
 
(1)
Represents securities in an unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer in which the amortized cost basis was re-set for those securities re-designated from AFS to HTM effective June 1, 2014.
(2)
As of December 31, 2014, we identified a total of 292 investments that were in unrealized loss positions, of which 26 investments totaling $783.6 million with unrealized losses of $5.2 million have been in an impaired position for a period of time greater than 12 months. As of December 31, 2014, we do not intend to sell any impaired fixed income investment securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell any of our securities prior to recovery of our adjusted cost basis, which is consistent with our classification of these securities. Based on our analysis as of December 31, 2014, we deem all impairments to be temporary. Market valuations and impairment analyses on assets in the held-to-maturity securities portfolio are reviewed and monitored on a quarterly basis.

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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the remaining contractual principal maturities and fully taxable equivalent yields on fixed income investment securities classified as held-to-maturity as of June 30, 2015. Interest income on certain municipal bonds and notes (non-taxable investments) are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the federal statutory tax rate of 35%. The weighted average yield is computed using the amortized cost of fixed income investment securities. For U.S. Agency debentures, the expected maturity is the actual contractual maturity of the notes. Expected maturities for mortgage-backed securities may differ significantly from their contractual maturities because mortgage borrowers have the right to prepay outstanding loan obligations with or without penalties. Mortgage-backed securities classified as held-to-maturity typically have original contractual maturities from 10 to 30 years whereas expected average lives of these securities tend to be significantly shorter and vary based upon structure and prepayments in lower rate environments.
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
 
Total
 
One Year
or Less
 
After One Year to
Five Years
 
After Five Years to
Ten Years
 
After
Ten Years
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Amortized Cost
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Amortized Cost
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Amortized Cost
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
 
Amortized Cost
 
Weighted-
Average
Yield
U.S. agency debentures
 
$
488,185

 
2.68
%
 
$

 
%
 
$

 
%
 
$
488,185

 
2.68
%
 
$

 
%
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities
 
2,590,151

 
2.43

 

 

 
40,936

 
2.38

 
733,723

 
2.21

 
1,815,492

 
2.52

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - fixed rate
 
3,527,554

 
1.65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,527,554

 
1.65

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - variable rate
 
117,109

 
0.65

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
117,109

 
0.65

Agency-issued commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
936,337

 
2.16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
936,337

 
2.16

Municipal bonds and notes
 
76,555

 
6.04

 
3,544

 
5.50

 
29,733

 
5.92

 
36,791

 
6.14

 
6,487

 
6.34

Total
 
$
7,735,891

 
2.07

 
$
3,544

 
5.50

 
$
70,669

 
3.87

 
$
1,258,699

 
2.50

 
$
6,402,979

 
1.96



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Table of Contents

Non-marketable and Other Securities
The components of our non-marketable and other investment securities portfolio at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Non-marketable and other securities (1):
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)
 
$
156,730

 
$
1,130,882

Other venture capital investments (3)
 
3,390

 
71,204

Other securities (fair value accounting) (4)
 
287

 
108,251

Non-marketable securities (equity method accounting) (5):
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
78,574

 

Debt funds
 
22,313

 
26,672

Other investments
 
118,406

 
116,002

Non-marketable securities (cost method accounting):
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (6)
 
127,073

 
140,551

Other investments (7)
 
16,189

 
13,423

Investments in qualified affordable housing projects, net (7)
 
122,544

 
121,155

Total non-marketable and other securities
 
$
645,506

 
$
1,728,140

 
(1)
During the second quarter of 2015 we adopted new accounting guidance related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02) under a modified retrospective approach. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” and Note 4— "Variable Interest Entities" of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details regarding our non-marketable and other securities.
(2)
The following table shows the amounts of venture capital and private equity fund investments held by the following funds and our ownership percentage of each fund at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (fair value accounting):
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ownership %
 
Amount
 
Ownership %
SVB Strategic Investors Fund, LP
 
$
23,283

 
12.6
%
 
$
24,645

 
12.6
%
SVB Strategic Investors Fund II, LP (i)
 

 

 
97,250

 
8.6

SVB Strategic Investors Fund III, LP (i)
 

 

 
269,821

 
5.9

SVB Strategic Investors Fund IV, LP (i)
 

 

 
291,291

 
5.0

Strategic Investors Fund V Funds (i)
 

 

 
226,111

 
Various

Strategic Investors Fund VI Funds (i)
 

 

 
89,605

 

SVB Capital Preferred Return Fund, LP
 
62,901

 
20.0

 
62,110

 
20.0

SVB Capital—NT Growth Partners, LP
 
63,728

 
33.0

 
61,973

 
33.0

SVB Capital Partners II, LP (i)
 

 

 
302

 
5.1

Other private equity fund (ii)
 
6,818

 
58.2

 
7,774

 
58.2

Total venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
$
156,730

 
 
 
$
1,130,882

 
 
 
 
(i)
Funds were deconsolidated during the second quarter of 2015 upon adoption of ASU 2015-02 and are now reported under equity method accounting. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(ii)
At June 30, 2015, we had a direct ownership interest of 41.5 percent in other private equity funds and an indirect ownership interest of 12.6 percent through our ownership interest of SVB Capital—NT Growth Partners, LP and an indirect ownership interest of 4.1 percent through our ownership interest of SVB Capital Preferred Return Fund, LP.

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Table of Contents

(3)
The following table shows the amounts of other venture capital investments held by the following funds and our ownership percentage of each fund at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (fair value accounting):
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ownership %
 
Amount
 
Ownership %
Silicon Valley BancVentures, LP
 
$
3,390

 
10.7
%
 
$
3,291

 
10.7
%
SVB Capital Partners II, LP (i)
 

 

 
20,481

 
5.1

Capital Partners III, LP (i)
 

 

 
41,055

 

SVB Capital Shanghai Yangpu Venture Capital Fund (i)
 

 

 
6,377

 
6.8

Total other venture capital investments
 
$
3,390

 
 
 
$
71,204

 
 
 
 
(i)
Funds were deconsolidated during the second quarter of 2015 upon adoption of ASU 2015-02 and are now reported under equity method accounting, within "Other venture capital and private equity fund investments". Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

(4)
Investments classified as other securities (fair value accounting) represent direct equity investments in public companies held by our consolidated funds. At December 31, 2014, the amount primarily included total unrealized gains in one public company, FireEye, Inc. ("FireEye") that were realized during the first quarter of 2015. Funds were deconsolidated during the second quarter of 2015 upon adoption of ASU 2015-02. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(5)
The following table shows the carrying value and our ownership percentage of each investment at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (equity method accounting):
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Ownership %
 
Amount
 
Ownership %
Venture capital and private equity fund investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SVB Strategic Investors Fund II, LP (i)
 
$
11,516

 
8.6
%
 
$

 
%
SVB Strategic Investors Fund III, LP (i)
 
23,945

 
5.9

 

 

SVB Strategic Investors Fund IV, LP (i)
 
25,465

 
5.0

 

 

Other venture capital and private equity fund investments (i)
 
17,648

 
Various

 

 

 Total venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
78,574

 
 
 

 
 
Debt funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gold Hill Capital 2008, LP (ii)
 
$
18,730

 
15.5

 
$
21,294

 
15.5

Other debt funds
 
3,583

 
Various

 
5,378

 
Various

Total debt funds
 
22,313

 
 
 
26,672

 
 
Other investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
China Joint Venture investment
 
79,740

 
50.0

 
79,569

 
50.0

Other investments
 
38,666

 
Various

 
36,433

 
Various

Total other investments
 
$
118,406

 
 
 
$
116,002

 
 

 
(i)
Represents funds previously consolidated and reported under fair value accounting in (2) above prior to adoption of ASU 2015-02 during the second quarter of 2015. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(ii)
At June 30, 2015, we had a direct ownership interest of 11.5 percent in the fund and an indirect interest in the fund through our investment in Gold Hill Capital 2008, LLC of 4.0 percent.
(6)
Represents investments in 273 and 281 funds (primarily venture capital funds) at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, where our ownership interest is typically less than 5% of the voting interests of each such fund and in which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the partnerships operating activities and financial policies. The carrying value, and estimated fair value, of these venture capital and private equity fund investments (cost method accounting) was $127 million and $236 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2015. The carrying value, and estimated fair value,

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Table of Contents

of these venture capital and private equity fund investments (cost method accounting) was $141 million and $234 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2014.
(7)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
The following table presents the balances of our investments in qualified affordable housing projects and related unfunded commitments at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Investments in qualified affordable housing projects, net
 
$
122,544

 
$
121,155

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
 
63,637

 
65,921


The following table presents other information relating to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized
$
3,214

 
$
3,113

 
$
6,427

 
$
6,225

Amortization expense included in provision for income taxes (i)
2,741

 
2,347

 
5,538

 
4,725

 
 
(i)
All investments are amortized using the proportional amortization method and are included in provision for income taxes.

23

Table of Contents

The following table presents the components of gains and losses (realized and unrealized) on investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Gross gains on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (1)
 
$
235

 
$
224

 
$
2,925

 
$
597

Non-marketable securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
9,199

 
88,003

 
18,021

 
199,439

Other venture capital investments
 

 
1,973

 
183

 
4,555

Other securities (fair value accounting)
 
281

 
13,816

 
9,068

 
130,566

Non-marketable securities (equity method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
6,624

 
630

 
14,456

 
1,009

Debt funds
 
183

 

 
1,688

 
3,039

Other investments
 

 
2,484

 
865

 
2,708

Non-marketable securities (cost method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
10,644

 
1,762

 
15,477

 
5,065

Other investments
 
218

 
5,021

 
576

 
5,155

Total gross gains on investment securities
 
27,384

 
113,913

 
63,259

 
352,133

Gross losses on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (1)
 
(94
)
 
(16,704
)
 
(188
)
 
(17,017
)
Non-marketable securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
(599
)
 
(50,558
)
 
(1,547
)
 
(50,659
)
Other venture capital investments
 

 
(1,297
)
 
(52
)
 
(2,041
)
Other securities (fair value accounting)
 
(120
)
 
(101,014
)
 
(792
)
 
(113,787
)
Non-marketable securities (equity method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
(409
)
 
(116
)
 
(437
)
 
(116
)
Debt funds
 

 
(356
)
 
(588
)
 
(393
)
Other investments
 
(1,010
)
 
(584
)
 
(1,010
)
 
(759
)
Non-marketable securities (cost method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)
 
(174
)
 
(353
)
 
(398
)
 
(509
)
Other investments
 
(3
)
 
(251
)
 
(9
)
 
(260
)
Total gross losses on investment securities
 
(2,409
)
 
(171,233
)
 
(5,021
)
 
(185,541
)
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
 
$
24,975

 
$
(57,320
)
 
$
58,238

 
$
166,592

 
 
(1)
Includes realized gains (losses) on sales of available-for-sale equity securities that are recognized in the income statement. Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale fixed income and equity securities are recognized in other comprehensive income. The cost basis of available-for-sale securities sold is determined on a specific identification basis.
(2)
For the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, includes OTTI losses of $0.2 million from the declines in value for 8 of the 273 investments and $0.3 million from the declines in value for 12 of the 282 investments, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, includes OTTI losses of $0.3 million from the declines in value for 17 of the 273 investments and $0.4 million from the declines in value for 18 of the 282 investments, respectively. We concluded that any declines in value for the remaining investments were temporary, and as such, no OTTI was required to be recognized.
7.
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
We serve a variety of clients in the technology and life science & healthcare industries. Our technology clients tend to be in the industries of: hardware (such as semiconductors, communications, data storage, and electronics); software and internet (such as infrastructure software, applications, software services, digital content and advertising technology), and energy and resource innovation ("ERI"). Because of the diverse nature of ERI products and services, for our loan-related reporting purposes, ERI-related loans are reported under hardware and software, as applicable. Our life science & healthcare clients primarily tend to be in the industries of biotechnology, medical devices, healthcare information technology and healthcare services. Loans made to private equity/venture capital firm clients typically enable them to fund investments prior to their receipt of funds from capital calls. Loans to the premium wine industry focus on vineyards and wineries that produce grapes and wines of high quality.

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Table of Contents

In addition to commercial loans, we make consumer loans through SVB Private Bank and provide real estate secured loans to eligible employees through our EHOP. Our private banking clients are primarily private equity/venture capital professionals and executive leaders in the innovation companies they support. These products and services include real estate secured home equity lines of credit, which may be used to finance real estate investments and loans used to purchase, renovate or refinance personal residences. These products and services also include restricted stock purchase loans and capital call lines of credit.
We also provide community development loans made as part of our responsibilities under the Community Reinvestment Act. These loans are included within “Construction loans” below and are primarily secured by real estate.
The composition of loans, net of unearned income of $110 million and $104 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, is presented in the following table:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
4,980,553

 
$
4,954,676

Hardware
 
1,048,848

 
1,131,006

Private equity/venture capital
 
3,987,448

 
4,582,906

Life science & healthcare
 
1,475,568

 
1,289,904

Premium wine
 
190,997

 
187,568

Other
 
254,084

 
234,551

Total commercial loans
 
11,937,498

 
12,380,611

Real estate secured loans:
 
 
 
 
Premium wine (1)
 
632,410

 
606,753

Consumer loans (2)
 
1,340,316

 
1,118,115

Other
 
33,279

 
39,651

Total real estate secured loans
 
2,006,005

 
1,764,519

Construction loans
 
91,207

 
78,626

Consumer loans
 
226,720

 
160,520

Total loans, net of unearned income (3)
 
$
14,261,430

 
$
14,384,276

 
 
(1)
Included in our premium wine portfolio are gross construction loans of $109 million and $112 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
(2)
Consumer loans secured by real estate at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were comprised of the following:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Loans for personal residence
 
$
1,124,238

 
$
918,629

Loans to eligible employees
 
146,591

 
133,568

Home equity lines of credit
 
69,487

 
65,918

Consumer loans secured by real estate
 
$
1,340,316

 
$
1,118,115

(3)
Included within our total loan portfolio are credit card loans of $169 million and $131 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

25

Table of Contents

Credit Quality
The composition of loans, net of unearned income of $110 million and $104 million at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable, is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
4,980,553

 
$
4,954,676

Hardware
 
1,048,848

 
1,131,006

Private equity/venture capital
 
3,987,448

 
4,582,906

Life science & healthcare
 
1,475,568

 
1,289,904

Premium wine
 
823,407

 
794,321

Other
 
378,570

 
352,828

Total commercial loans
 
12,694,394

 
13,105,641

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 
1,340,316

 
1,118,115

Other consumer loans
 
226,720

 
160,520

Total consumer loans
 
1,567,036

 
1,278,635

Total loans, net of unearned income
 
$
14,261,430

 
$
14,384,276


26

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the aging of our gross loans, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
30 - 59
  Days Past  
Due
 
60 - 89
  Days Past  
Due
 
Greater
Than 90
  Days Past  
Due
 
  Total Past  
Due
 
Current  
 
  Loans Past Due  
90 Days or
More Still
Accruing
Interest
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
6,012

 
$
7,593

 
$
47

 
$
13,652

 
$
4,922,953

 
$
47

Hardware
 
764

 
3,317

 

 
4,081

 
1,051,998

 

Private equity/venture capital
 
18

 

 

 
18

 
4,023,814

 

Life science & healthcare
 
379

 
652

 

 
1,031

 
1,485,591

 

Premium wine
 
150

 
1,799

 

 
1,949

 
822,184

 

Other
 

 
38

 

 
38

 
376,320

 

Total commercial loans
 
7,323

 
13,399

 
47

 
20,769

 
12,682,860

 
47

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 

 
279

 

 
279

 
1,339,655

 

Other consumer loans
 
16

 

 

 
16

 
226,549

 

Total consumer loans
 
16

 
279

 

 
295

 
1,566,204

 

Total gross loans excluding impaired loans
 
7,339

 
13,678

 
47

 
21,064

 
14,249,064

 
47

Impaired loans
 
27,525

 

 

 
27,525

 
73,277

 

Total gross loans
 
$
34,864

 
$
13,678

 
$
47

 
$
48,589

 
$
14,322,341

 
$
47

December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
10,989

 
$
1,627

 
$
52

 
$
12,668

 
$
4,950,291

 
$
52

Hardware
 
13,424

 
126

 

 
13,550

 
1,124,423

 

Private equity/venture capital
 
40,773

 

 

 
40,773

 
4,580,526

 

Life science & healthcare
 
738

 
786

 

 
1,524

 
1,298,728

 

Premium wine
 

 

 

 

 
795,345

 

Other
 
178

 
3

 

 
181

 
354,939

 

Total commercial loans
 
66,102

 
2,542

 
52

 
68,696

 
13,104,252

 
52

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 
1,592

 
341

 
1,250

 
3,183

 
1,114,286

 
1,250

Other consumer loans
 

 

 

 

 
160,212

 

Total consumer loans
 
1,592

 
341

 
1,250

 
3,183

 
1,274,498

 
1,250

Total gross loans excluding impaired loans
 
67,694

 
2,883

 
1,302

 
71,879

 
14,378,750

 
1,302

Impaired loans
 
598

 
1,293

 
22,320

 
24,211

 
13,926

 

Total gross loans
 
$
68,292

 
$
4,176

 
$
23,622

 
$
96,090

 
$
14,392,676

 
$
1,302


27

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes our impaired loans as they relate to our allowance for loan losses, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Impaired loans for  
which there is a
related allowance
for loan losses
 
Impaired loans for  
which there is no
related allowance
for loan losses
 
Total carrying value of impaired loans
 
Total unpaid
principal of impaired loans
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
89,471

 
$

 
$
89,471

 
$
89,877

Hardware
 
2,357

 

 
2,357

 
2,385

Private equity/venture capital
 

 

 

 

Life science & healthcare
 
2,433

 

 
2,433

 
2,433

Premium wine
 

 
1,236

 
1,236

 
1,725

Other
 
5,066

 

 
5,066

 
5,195

Total commercial loans
 
99,327

 
1,236

 
100,563

 
101,615

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 

 
172

 
172

 
1,404

Other consumer loans
 
67

 

 
67

 
254

Total consumer loans
 
67

 
172

 
239

 
1,658

Total
 
$
99,394

 
$
1,408

 
$
100,802

 
$
103,273

December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
33,287

 
$

 
$
33,287

 
$
34,218

Hardware
 
1,403

 
1,118

 
2,521

 
2,535

Private equity/venture capital
 

 

 

 

Life science & healthcare
 
475

 

 
475

 
2,453

Premium wine
 

 
1,304

 
1,304

 
1,743

Other
 
233

 

 
233

 
233

Total commercial loans
 
35,398

 
2,422

 
37,820

 
41,182

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 

 
192

 
192

 
1,412

Other consumer loans
 
125

 

 
125

 
305

Total consumer loans
 
125

 
192

 
317

 
1,717

Total
 
$
35,523

 
$
2,614

 
$
38,137

 
$
42,899





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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes our average impaired loans, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Average impaired loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
52,747

 
$
15,742

 
$
43,236

 
$
15,210

Hardware
 
1,393

 
6,860

 
1,518

 
11,440

Life science & healthcare
 
1,993

 
552

 
1,197

 
787

Premium wine
 
1,239

 
1,398

 
1,261

 
1,415

Other
 
5,222

 
1,699

 
3,681

 
1,738

Total commercial loans
 
62,594

 
26,251

 
50,893

 
30,590

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 
183

 
224

 
189

 
231

Other consumer loans
 
76

 
374

 
82

 
431

Total consumer loans
 
259

 
598

 
271

 
662

Total average impaired loans
 
$
62,853

 
$
26,849

 
$
51,164

 
$
31,252

The following tables summarize the activity relating to our allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, broken out by portfolio segment:
Three months ended June 30, 2015 (dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning Balance March 31, 2015
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries
 
Provision for
(Reduction of) Loan Losses
 
Ending Balance June 30, 2015
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
82,092

 
$
(762
)
 
$
597

 
$
24,801

 
$
106,728

Hardware
 
21,258

 
(839
)
 
1,881

 
(1,828
)
 
20,472

Private equity/venture capital
 
30,837

 

 

 
(1,561
)
 
29,276

Life science & healthcare
 
15,323

 
(2,994
)
 
45

 
4,859

 
17,233

Premium wine
 
4,503

 

 
7

 
(101
)
 
4,409

Other
 
6,151

 
(139
)
 
460

 
(578
)
 
5,894

Total commercial loans
 
160,164

 
(4,734
)
 
2,990

 
25,592

 
184,012

Consumer loans
 
7,711

 

 

 
921

 
8,632

Total allowance for loan losses
 
$
167,875

 
$
(4,734
)
 
$
2,990

 
$
26,513

 
$
192,644


Three months ended June 30, 2014 (dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning Balance March 31, 2014
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries
 
Provision for
(Reduction of) Loan Losses
 
Ending Balance June 30, 2014
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
55,241

 
$
(4,015
)
 
$
119

 
$
1,894

 
$
53,239

Hardware
 
25,236

 
(412
)
 
1,182

 
(1,226
)
 
24,780

Private equity/venture capital
 
17,676

 

 

 
1,328

 
19,004

Life science & healthcare
 
11,474

 
(249
)
 
190

 
(818
)
 
10,597

Premium wine
 
3,737

 

 
19

 
(210
)
 
3,546

Other
 
4,041

 
(1,706
)
 
10

 
873

 
3,218

Total commercial loans
 
117,405

 
(6,382
)
 
1,520

 
1,841

 
114,384

Consumer loans
 
6,137

 

 
101

 
106

 
6,344

Total allowance for loan losses
 
$
123,542

 
$
(6,382
)
 
$
1,621

 
$
1,947

 
$
120,728


29

Table of Contents


Six months ended June 30, 2015 (dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning Balance December 31, 2014
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries
 
Provision for
(Reduction of) Loan Losses
 
Ending Balance June 30, 2015
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
80,981

 
$
(2,165
)
 
$
1,044

 
$
26,868

 
$
106,728

Hardware
 
25,860

 
(4,049
)
 
2,809

 
(4,148
)
 
20,472

Private equity/venture capital
 
27,997

 

 

 
1,279

 
29,276

Life science & healthcare
 
15,208

 
(3,219
)
 
79

 
5,165

 
17,233

Premium wine
 
4,473

 

 
7

 
(71
)
 
4,409

Other
 
3,253

 
(788
)
 
470

 
2,959

 
5,894

Total commercial loans
 
157,772

 
(10,221
)
 
4,409

 
32,052

 
184,012

Consumer loans
 
7,587

 

 
132

 
913

 
8,632

Total allowance for loan losses
 
$
165,359

 
$
(10,221
)
 
$
4,541

 
$
32,965

 
$
192,644

Six months ended June 30, 2014 (dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning Balance December 31, 2013
 
Charge-offs
 
Recoveries
 
Provision for
(Reduction of) Loan Losses
 
Ending Balance June 30, 2014
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
64,084

 
$
(12,025
)
 
$
233

 
$
947

 
$
53,239

Hardware
 
36,553

 
(12,587
)
 
1,957

 
(1,143
)
 
24,780

Private equity/venture capital
 
16,385

 

 

 
2,619

 
19,004

Life science & healthcare
 
11,926

 
(930
)
 
288

 
(687
)
 
10,597

Premium wine
 
3,914

 

 
238

 
(606
)
 
3,546

Other
 
3,680

 
(1,990
)
 
10

 
1,518

 
3,218

Total commercial loans
 
136,542

 
(27,532
)
 
2,726

 
2,648

 
114,384

Consumer loans
 
6,344

 

 
207

 
(207
)
 
6,344

Total allowance for loan losses
 
$
142,886

 
$
(27,532
)
 
$
2,933

 
$
2,441

 
$
120,728



The following table summarizes the allowance for loan losses individually and collectively evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, broken out by portfolio segment:
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Individually Evaluated for  
Impairment
 
Collectively Evaluated for  
Impairment
 
Individually Evaluated for  
Impairment
 
Collectively Evaluated for  
Impairment
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
Recorded investment in loans
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
Recorded investment in loans
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
Recorded investment in loans
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
Recorded investment in loans
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
46,169

 
$
89,471

 
$
60,559

 
$
4,891,082

 
$
13,695

 
$
33,287

 
$
67,286

 
$
4,921,389

Hardware
 
481

 
2,357

 
19,991

 
1,046,491

 
1,133

 
2,521

 
24,727

 
1,128,485

Private equity/venture capital
 

 

 
29,276

 
3,987,448

 

 

 
27,997

 
4,582,906

Life science & healthcare
 
1,616

 
2,433

 
15,617

 
1,473,135

 
121

 
475

 
15,087

 
1,289,429

Premium wine
 

 
1,236

 
4,409

 
822,171

 

 
1,304

 
4,473

 
793,017

Other
 
2,532

 
5,066

 
3,362

 
373,504

 
71

 
233

 
3,182

 
352,595

Total commercial loans
 
50,798

 
100,563

 
133,214

 
12,593,831

 
15,020

 
37,820

 
142,752

 
13,067,821

Consumer loans
 
67

 
239

 
8,565

 
1,566,797

 
31

 
317

 
7,556

 
1,278,318

Total
 
$
50,865

 
$
100,802

 
$
141,779

 
$
14,160,628

 
$
15,051

 
$
38,137

 
$
150,308

 
$
14,346,139


30

Table of Contents

Credit Quality Indicators
For each individual client, we establish an internal credit risk rating for that loan, which is used for assessing and monitoring credit risk as well as performance of the loan and the overall portfolio. Our internal credit risk ratings are also used to summarize the risk of loss due to failure by an individual borrower to repay the loan. For our internal credit risk ratings, each individual loan is given a risk rating of 1 through 10. Loans risk-rated 1 through 4 are performing loans and translate to an internal rating of “Pass”, with loans risk-rated 1 being cash secured. Loans risk-rated 5 through 7 are performing loans, however, we consider them as demonstrating higher risk, which requires more frequent review of the individual exposures; these translate to an internal rating of “Performing (Criticized)”. Loans risk-rated 8 and 9 are loans that are considered to be impaired and are on nonaccrual status. (For further description of nonaccrual loans, refer to Note 2—“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” under Part II, Item 8 of our 2014 Form 10-K). Loans rated 10 are charged-off and are not included as part of our loan portfolio balance. We review our credit quality indicators for performance and appropriateness of risk ratings as part of our evaluation process for our allowance for loan losses.














31

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivables as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Pass
 
  Performing  
  (Criticized)  
 
Impaired  
 
Total
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
4,459,368

 
$
477,237

 
$
89,471

 
$
5,026,076

Hardware
 
920,574

 
135,505

 
2,357

 
1,058,436

Private equity/venture capital
 
4,019,826

 
4,006

 

 
4,023,832

Life science & healthcare
 
1,375,174

 
111,448

 
2,433

 
1,489,055

Premium wine
 
806,346

 
17,787

 
1,236

 
825,369

Other
 
365,538

 
10,820

 
5,066

 
381,424

Total commercial loans
 
11,946,826

 
756,803

 
100,563

 
12,804,192

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 
1,329,834

 
10,100

 
172

 
1,340,106

Other consumer loans
 
222,397

 
4,168

 
67

 
226,632

Total consumer loans
 
1,552,231

 
14,268

 
239

 
1,566,738

Total gross loans
 
$
13,499,057

 
$
771,071

 
$
100,802

 
$
14,370,930

December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
4,611,253

 
$
351,706

 
$
33,287

 
$
4,996,246

Hardware
 
945,998

 
191,975

 
2,521

 
1,140,494

Private equity/venture capital
 
4,615,231

 
6,068

 

 
4,621,299

Life science & healthcare
 
1,165,266

 
134,986

 
475

 
1,300,727

Premium wine
 
774,962

 
20,383

 
1,304

 
796,649

Other
 
346,153

 
8,967

 
233

 
355,353

Total commercial loans
 
12,458,863

 
714,085

 
37,820

 
13,210,768

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate secured loans
 
1,112,396

 
5,073

 
192

 
1,117,661

Other consumer loans
 
158,162

 
2,050

 
125

 
160,337

Total consumer loans
 
1,270,558

 
7,123

 
317

 
1,277,998

Total gross loans
 
$
13,729,421

 
$
721,208

 
$
38,137

 
$
14,488,766

TDRs
As of June 30, 2015 we had seven TDRs with a total carrying value of $33.9 million where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties, in an attempt to maximize collection. There were less than $0.1 million of unfunded commitments available for funding to the clients associated with these TDRs as of June 30, 2015. The following table summarizes our loans modified in TDRs, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivables at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

32

Table of Contents

(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Loans modified in TDRs:
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
30,214

 
$
3,784

Hardware
 
2,413

 
1,118

Premium wine
 
1,236

 
1,891

Other
 

 
233

Total commercial loans
 
33,863

 
7,026

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
Other consumer loans
 
33

 
125

Total consumer loans
 
33

 
125

Total
 
$
33,896

 
$
7,151

The following table summarizes the recorded investment in loans modified in TDRs, broken out by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable, for modifications made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015

2014
 
2015
 
2014
Loans modified in TDRs during the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
27,525

 
$
455

 
$
27,525

 
$
12,816

Hardware
 

 

 
2,040

 

Premium wine
 

 

 

 
641

Total loans modified in TDRs during the period (1)
 
$
27,525

 
$
455

 
$
29,565

 
$
13,457

 
 
(1)
There were no partial charge-offs on loans classified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 or June 31, 2014.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, new TDRs of $27.5 million and $29.6 million were modified through payment deferrals granted to our clients.
During the three months ended June 30, 2014, new TDRs of $0.5 million were modified through payment deferrals granted to our clients. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, new TDRs of $10.8 million were modified through payment deferrals granted to our clients and $2.7 million were modified through partial forgiveness of principal.
The related allowance for loan losses for the majority of our TDRs is determined on an individual basis by comparing the carrying value of the loan to the present value of the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the pre-modification contractual interest rate. For certain TDRs, the related allowance for loan losses is determined based on the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.
The following table summarizes the recorded investment in loans modified in TDRs within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015

2014
 
2015
 
2014
TDRs modified within the previous 12 months that defaulted during the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
27,525

 
$
236

 
$
27,525

 
$
236

Total TDRs modified within the previous 12 months that defaulted in the period
 
$
27,525

 
$
236

 
$
27,525

 
$
236

Charge-offs and defaults on previously restructured loans are evaluated to determine the impact to the allowance for loan losses, if any. The evaluation of these defaults may impact the assumptions used in calculating the reserve on other TDRs and

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impaired loans as well as management’s overall outlook of macroeconomic factors that affect the reserve on the loan portfolio as a whole. After evaluating the charge-offs and defaults experienced on our TDRs we determined that no change to our reserving methodology was necessary to determine the allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2015.
8.
Disposal - Assets Held-for-Sale
At December 31, 2014, we had assets held-for-sale of $44.3 million related to our agreement to sell all of the outstanding capital stock of the Bank’s subsidiary, SVB India Finance Private Limited, a non-banking financial company in India (“SVBIF”) to Temasek, a Singapore investment company. The sale was completed on April 13, 2015 and no held-for-sale operations remain at June 30, 2015.
9.
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt
The following table represents outstanding short-term borrowings and long-term debt at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying Value
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Maturity
 
Principal value at June 30, 2015
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
Short-term borrowings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other short-term borrowings
 
(1)
 
$
2,537

 
$
2,537

 
$
7,781

Total short-term borrowings
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,537

 
$
7,781

Long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.50% Senior Notes
 
January 29, 2025
 
$
350,000

 
$
349,716

 
$

5.375% Senior Notes
 
September 15, 2020
 
350,000

 
348,554

 
348,436

6.05% Subordinated Notes (2)
 
June 1, 2017
 
45,964

 
49,426

 
50,162

7.0% Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
October 15, 2033
 
50,000

 
54,758

 
54,845

Total long-term debt
 
 
 
 
 
$
802,454

 
$
453,443

 
 
(1)
Represents cash collateral received from certain counterparties in relation to market value exposures of derivative contracts in our favor.
(2)
At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, included in the carrying value of our 6.05% Subordinated Notes was an interest rate swap valued at $3.8 million and 4.6 million, respectively, related to hedge accounting associated with the notes.
Interest expense related to long-term debt was $9.0 million and $16.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, and $5.8 million and $11.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. Interest expense is net of the hedge accounting impact from our interest rate swap agreement related to our 6.05% Subordinated Notes. The weighted average interest rate associated with our short-term borrowings as of June 30, 2015 was 0.10 percent.
3.50% Senior Notes
On January 29, 2015, the Company issued $350 million of 3.50% Senior Notes due in January 2025 (“3.50% Senior Notes”). We received net proceeds from this offering of approximately $346.4 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and issuance costs. The balance of our 3.50% Senior Notes at June 30, 2015 was $349.7 million, which is reflective of a $0.3 million discount.
Available Lines of Credit
We have certain facilities in place to enable us to access short-term borrowings on a secured (using high-quality fixed income securities as collateral) and an unsecured basis. These include repurchase agreements and uncommitted federal funds lines with various financial institutions. As of June 30, 2015, we did not borrow against our uncommitted federal funds lines. We also pledge securities to the FHLB of San Francisco and the discount window at the Federal Reserve Bank. The market value of collateral pledged to the FHLB of San Francisco (comprised primarily of U.S. Treasury securities) at June 30, 2015 totaled $1.3 billion, all of which was unused and available to support additional borrowings. The market value of collateral pledged at the discount window of the Federal Reserve Bank at June 30, 2015 totaled $950 million, all of which was unused and available to support additional borrowings.

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10.
Derivative Financial Instruments
We primarily use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk, currency exchange rate risk, and to assist customers with their risk management objectives. Also, in connection with negotiating credit facilities and certain other services, we often obtain equity warrant assets giving us the right to acquire stock in private, venture-backed companies in the technology and life science & healthcare industries.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is our primary market risk and can result from timing and volume differences in the repricing of our interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities and changes in market interest rates. To manage interest rate risk for our 6.05% Subordinated Notes, we entered into a fixed-for-floating interest rate swap agreement at the time of debt issuance based upon LIBOR with matched-terms. Net cash benefits associated with our interest rate swap is recorded as a reduction in “Interest expense—Borrowings,” a component of net interest income. The fair value of our interest rate swaps is calculated using a discounted cash flow method and adjusted for credit valuation associated with counterparty risk. Changes in fair value of the interest rate swaps are reflected in either other assets (for swaps in an asset position) or other liabilities (for swaps in a liability position).
We assess hedge effectiveness under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, using the long-haul method. Any differences associated with our interest rate swap that arise as a result of hedge ineffectiveness is recorded through net gains on derivative instruments, in noninterest income, a component of consolidated net income.
Currency Exchange Risk
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to economically reduce our foreign exchange exposure risk associated with the net difference between foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, primarily in Pound Sterling and Euro. We do not designate any foreign exchange forward contracts as derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting. Gains or losses from changes in currency rates on foreign currency denominated instruments are included in other noninterest income, a component of noninterest income. We may experience ineffectiveness in the economic hedging relationship, because the instruments are revalued based upon changes in the currency’s spot rate on the principal value, while the forwards are revalued on a discounted cash flow basis. We record forward agreements in gain positions in other assets and loss positions in other liabilities, while net changes in fair value are recorded through net gains on derivative instruments, in noninterest income, a component of consolidated net income. Additionally, through our global banking operations we maintain customer deposits denominated in the Euro and Pound Sterling, which are used to fund certain loans in these currencies to limit our exposure to currency fluctuations.
Other Derivative Instruments
Also included in our derivative instruments are equity warrant assets and client forward and option contracts, and client interest rate contracts. For further description of these other derivative instruments, refer to Note 2-“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" under Part II, Item 8 of our 2014 Form 10-K.
Counterparty Credit Risk
We are exposed to credit risk if counterparties to our derivative contracts do not perform as expected. We mitigate counterparty credit risk through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures and obtaining collateral, as appropriate. With respect to measuring counterparty credit risk for derivative instruments, we measure the fair value of a group of financial assets and financial liabilities on a net risk basis by counterparty portfolio.

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The total notional or contractual amounts, fair value, collateral and net exposure of our derivative financial instruments at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows:
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Balance Sheet
Location
 
Notional or
Contractual
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Collateral
(1)
 
Net
Exposure
(2)
 
Notional or
Contractual
Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Collateral
(1)
 
Net
Exposure
(2)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest rate risks:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
Other assets
 
$
45,964

 
$
3,828

 
$

 
$
3,828

 
$
45,964

 
$
4,609

 
$
2,970

 
$
1,639

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Currency exchange risks:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange forwards
 
Other assets
 
121,987

 
419

 

 
419

 
200,957

 
5,050

 
2,441

 
2,609

Foreign exchange forwards
 
Other liabilities
 
2,224

 
(444
)
 

 
(444
)
 
6,226

 
(489
)
 

 
(489
)
Net exposure
 
 
 
 
 
(25
)
 

 
(25
)
 
 
 
4,561

 
2,441

 
2,120

 Other derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets
 
Other assets
 
203,103

 
122,504

 

 
122,504

 
197,878

 
116,604

 

 
116,604

Other derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client foreign exchange forwards
 
Other assets
 
831,111

 
32,802

 
2,537

 
30,265

 
801,487

 
28,954

 
2,370

 
26,584

Client foreign exchange forwards
 
Other liabilities
 
716,529

 
(29,819
)
 

 
(29,819
)
 
774,355

 
(27,647
)
 

 
(27,647
)
Client foreign currency options
 
Other assets
 
41,917

 
765

 

 
765

 
34,926

 
227

 

 
227

Client foreign currency options
 
Other liabilities
 
41,917

 
(765
)
 

 
(765
)
 
34,926

 
(227
)
 

 
(227
)
Client interest rate derivatives
 
Other assets
 
370,799

 
2,087

 

 
2,087

 
387,410

 
2,546

 

 
2,546

Client interest rate derivatives
 
Other liabilities
 
370,799

 
(2,247
)
 

 
(2,247
)
 
387,410

 
(2,748
)
 

 
(2,748
)
Net exposure
 
 
 
 
 
2,823

 
2,537

 
286

 
 
 
1,105

 
2,370

 
(1,265
)
Net
 
 
 
 
 
$
129,130

 
$
2,537

 
$
126,593

 
 
 
$
126,879

 
$
7,781

 
$
119,098

 
 
(1)
Cash collateral received from our counterparties in relation to market value exposures of derivative contracts in our favor is recorded as a component of “short-term borrowings” on our consolidated balance sheets.
(2)
Net exposure for contracts in a gain position reflects the replacement cost in the event of nonperformance by all such counterparties. The credit ratings of our institutional counterparties as of June 30, 2015 remain at investment grade or higher and there were no material changes in their credit ratings during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015.

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A summary of our derivative activity and the related impact on our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Statement of income location   
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest rate risks:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash benefit associated with interest rate swaps
 
Interest expense—borrowings
 
$
634

 
$
638

 
$
1,272

 
$
1,277

Changes in fair value of interest rate swaps
 
Net gains on derivative instruments
 
(11
)
 
(13
)
 
(14
)
 
(25
)
Net gains associated with interest rate risk derivatives
 
 
 
$
623

 
$
625

 
$
1,258

 
$
1,252

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Currency exchange risks:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains (losses) on revaluations of foreign currency instruments
 
Other noninterest income
 
$
8,306

 
$
(685
)
 
$
(11,853
)
 
$
293

(Losses) gains on internal foreign exchange forward contracts, net
 
Net gains on derivative instruments
 
(8,174
)
 
538

 
11,844

 
(491
)
Net losses associated with currency risk
 
 
 
$
132

 
$
(147
)
 
$
(9
)
 
$
(198
)
 Other derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains on equity warrant assets
 
Net gains on derivative instruments
 
$
23,616

 
$
12,329

 
$
43,894

 
$
37,702

Gains on client foreign exchange forward contracts, net
 
Net gains on derivative instruments
 
$
787

 
$
170

 
$
280

 
$
472

Net losses on other derivatives (1)
 
Net gains on derivative instruments
 
$
99

 
$
(249
)
 
$
42

 
$
(716
)
 
 
(1)
Primarily represents the change in fair value of loan conversion options.
Balance Sheet Offsetting
Certain of our derivative and other financial instruments are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements with our counterparties. These agreements provide for the net settlement of multiple contracts with a single counterparty through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default on or termination of any one contract.
The following table summarizes our assets subject to enforceable master netting arrangements as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

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Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position But Subject to Master Netting Arrangements
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amounts offset in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Received
 
Net Amount
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Interest rate swaps
 
$
3,828

 
$

 
$
3,828

 
$
(3,828
)
 
$

 
$

Foreign exchange forwards
 
33,221

 

 
33,221

 
(21,778
)
 
(2,537
)
 
8,906

   Foreign currency options
 
861

 
(96
)
 
765

 
(751
)
 

 
14

   Client interest rate derivatives
 
2,087

 

 
2,087

 
(2,087
)
 

 

Total derivative assets:
 
39,997

 
(96
)
 
39,901

 
(28,444
)
 
(2,537
)
 
8,920

Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing, and similar arrangements
 
338,612

 

 
338,612

 
(338,612
)
 

 

Total
 
$
378,609

 
$
(96
)
 
$
378,513

 
$
(367,056
)
 
$
(2,537
)
 
$
8,920

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Interest rate swaps
 
$
4,609

 
$

 
$
4,609

 
$
(1,639
)
 
$
(2,970
)
 
$

Foreign exchange forwards
 
34,004

 

 
34,004

 
(17,843
)
 
(4,811
)
 
11,350

   Foreign currency options
 
501

 
(274
)
 
227

 
(144
)
 

 
83

   Client interest rate derivatives
 
2,546

 

 
2,546

 
(2,546
)
 

 

Total derivative assets:
 
41,660

 
(274
)
 
41,386

 
(22,172
)
 
(7,781
)
 
11,433

Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing, and similar arrangements
 
95,611

 

 
95,611

 
(95,611
)
 

 

Total
 
$
137,271

 
$
(274
)
 
$
136,997

 
$
(117,783
)
 
$
(7,781
)
 
$
11,433

The following table summarizes our liabilities subject to enforceable master netting arrangements as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position But Subject to Master Netting Arrangements
 
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amounts offset in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash Collateral Pledged
 
Net Amount
June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Foreign exchange forwards
 
$
30,263

 
$

 
$
30,263

 
$
(13,705
)
 
$

 
$
16,558

   Foreign currency options
 
861

 
(96
)
 
765

 
(14
)
 

 
751

   Client interest rate derivatives
 
2,247

 

 
2,247

 
(2,247
)
 

 

Total derivative liabilities:
 
33,371

 
(96
)
 
33,275

 
(15,966
)
 

 
17,309

Repurchase, securities lending, and similar arrangements
 

 

 

 

 

 

Total
 
$
33,371

 
$
(96
)
 
$
33,275

 
$
(15,966
)
 
$

 
$
17,309

December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Foreign exchange forwards
 
$
28,136

 
$

 
$
28,136

 
$
(16,808
)
 
$

 
$
11,328

   Foreign currency options
 
501

 
(274
)
 
227

 
(83
)
 

 
144

   Client interest rate derivatives
 
2,748

 

 
2,748

 
(2,748
)
 

 

Total derivative liabilities:
 
31,385

 
(274
)
 
31,111

 
(19,639
)
 

 
11,472

Repurchase, securities lending, and similar arrangements
 

 

 

 

 

 

Total
 
$
31,385

 
$
(274
)
 
$
31,111

 
$
(19,639
)
 
$

 
$
11,472


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11.
Other Noninterest Income and Other Noninterest Expense
A summary of other noninterest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,

Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015

2014

2015

2014
Fund management fees
 
$
3,861

 
$
3,559

 
$
7,583

 
$
6,314

Service-based fee income
 
2,413

 
2,252

 
4,519

 
4,279

Gains (losses) on revaluation of foreign currency instruments (1)
 
8,306

 
(685
)
 
(11,853
)
 
293

Other (2) (3)
 
4,336

 
3,636

 
10,989

 
9,076

Total other noninterest income
 
$
18,916

 
$
8,762

 
$
11,238

 
$
19,962

 
 
(1)
Represents the revaluation of foreign currency denominated financial instruments issued and held by us, primarily loans, deposits and cash.
(2)
Includes dividends on FHLB/FRB stock, correspondent bank rebate income and other fee income.
(3)
Amount for the six months ended June 30, 2015 has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amount prior to January 1, 2015 has not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

A summary of other noninterest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Lending and other client related processing costs
 
$
3,704

 
$
2,586

 
$
7,253

 
$
4,945

Telephone
 
2,544

 
1,538

 
4,503

 
3,286

Data processing services
 
1,358

 
2,041

 
3,191

 
4,268

Postage and supplies
 
727

 
716

 
1,492

 
1,485

Dues and publications
 
697

 
636

 
1,282

 
1,133

Other (1)
 
5,279

 
3,108

 
10,110

 
4,670

Total other noninterest expense (2)
 
$
14,309

 
$
10,625

 
$
27,831

 
$
19,787

 
 
(1)
Amount for the six months ended June 30, 2015 has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amount prior to January 1, 2015 has not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(2)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.

12.
Segment Reporting
We have three reportable segments for management reporting purposes: Global Commercial Bank, SVB Private Bank and SVB Capital. The results of our operating segments are based on our internal management reporting process.
Our operating segments’ primary source of revenue is from net interest income, which is primarily the difference between interest earned on loans, net of funds transfer pricing (“FTP”), and interest paid on deposits, net of FTP. Accordingly, our segments are reported using net interest income, net of FTP. FTP is an internal measurement framework designed to assess the financial impact of a financial institution’s sources and uses of funds. It is the mechanism by which an earnings credit is given for deposits raised, and an earnings charge is made for funded loans. FTP is calculated at an instrument level based on account characteristics.
We also evaluate performance based on provision for loan losses, noninterest income and noninterest expense, which are presented as components of segment operating profit or loss. In calculating each operating segment’s noninterest expense, we

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consider the direct costs incurred by the operating segment as well as certain allocated direct costs. As part of this review, we allocate certain corporate overhead costs to a corporate account. We do not allocate income taxes to our segments. Additionally, our management reporting model is predicated on average asset balances; therefore, period-end asset balances are not presented for segment reporting purposes. Changes in an individual client’s primary relationship designation have resulted, and in the future may result, in the inclusion of certain clients in different segments in different periods.
Unlike financial reporting, which benefits from the comprehensive structure provided by GAAP, our internal management reporting process is highly subjective, as there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our management reporting process measures the performance of our operating segments based on our internal operating structure, which is subject to change from time to time, and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for other financial services companies.
For reporting purposes, SVB Financial Group has three operating segments for which we report our financial information:
Global Commercial Bank is comprised of results from the following:
Our Commercial Bank products and services are provided by the Bank and its subsidiaries to commercial clients in the technology, life science & healthcare and private equity/venture capital industries. The Bank provides solutions to the financial needs of commercial clients, through credit, global treasury management, foreign exchange, global trade finance, and other services. It serves clients within the United States, as well as non-U.S. clients in key international innovation markets. In addition, the Bank and its subsidiaries offer a variety of investment services and solutions to its clients that enable them to effectively manage their assets. 
Our Private Equity Division provides banking products and services primarily to our private equity and venture capital clients.
Our Wine practice provides banking products and services to our premium wine industry clients, including vineyard development loans. 
SVB Analytics provides equity valuation services to companies and private equity/venture capital firms.
Debt Fund Investments is comprised of our investments in certain debt funds in which we are a strategic investor.

SVB Private Bank is the private banking division of the Bank, which provides a range of personal financial solutions for consumers. Our clients are primarily private equity/venture capital professionals and executive leaders of the innovation companies they support. We offer a customized suite of private banking services, including mortgages, home equity lines of credit, restricted stock purchase loans, capital call lines of credit and other secured and unsecured lending, as well as cash and wealth management services. 
SVB Capital is the venture capital investment arm of SVBFG, which focuses primarily on funds management. SVB Capital manages funds (primarily venture capital funds) on behalf of third party limited partners and, on a more limited basis, SVB Financial Group. The SVB Capital family of funds is comprised of direct venture funds that invest in companies and funds of funds that invest in other venture capital funds. SVB Capital generates income for the Company primarily from investment returns (including carried interest) and management fees.
The summary financial results of our operating segments are presented along with a reconciliation to our consolidated interim results.

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Our segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Global
Commercial
Bank (1)
 
SVB Private  
Bank
 
SVB Capital (1)  
 
Other Items (2)      
 
Total      
Three months ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
203,945

 
$
11,109

 
$
1

 
$
28,716

 
$
243,771

Provision for loan losses
 
(25,592
)
 
(921
)
 

 

 
(26,513
)
Noninterest income
 
66,031

 
595

 
19,909

 
39,752

 
126,287

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(143,459
)
 
(3,139
)
 
(3,704
)
 
(43,810
)
 
(194,112
)
Income before income tax expense (4)
 
$
100,925

 
$
7,644

 
$
16,206

 
$
24,658

 
$
149,433

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
12,824,661

 
$
1,542,046

 
$

 
$
(45,832
)
 
$
14,320,875

Total average assets (5)
 
37,544,170

 
2,216,622

 
330,016

 
(642,785
)
 
39,448,023

Total average deposits
 
33,714,023

 
1,084,632

 

 
157,412

 
34,956,067

Three months ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
178,046

 
$
9,293

 
$
29

 
$
17,597

 
$
204,965

Provision for loan losses
 
(1,841
)
 
(106
)
 

 

 
(1,947
)
Noninterest income
 
53,027

 
356

 
(3,119
)
 
(36,054
)
 
14,210

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(121,827
)
 
(2,640
)
 
(3,144
)
 
(43,333
)
 
(170,944
)
Income before income tax expense (4)
 
$
107,405

 
$
6,903

 
$
(6,234
)
 
$
(61,790
)
 
$
46,284

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
9,874,780

 
$
1,119,503

 
$

 
$
86,319

 
$
11,080,602

Total average assets (5)
 
29,214,978

 
986,392

 
342,924

 
1,201,336

 
31,745,630

Total average deposits
 
26,323,795

 
791,261

 

 
62,069

 
27,177,125

Six months ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
407,753

 
$
20,832

 
$
2

 
$
54,109

 
$
482,696

Provision for loan losses
 
(32,052
)
 
(913
)
 

 

 
(32,965
)
Noninterest income
 
130,720

 
992

 
40,587

 
77,512

 
249,811

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(279,741
)
 
(5,886
)
 
(7,190
)
 
(91,836
)
 
(384,653
)
Income before income tax expense (4)
 
$
226,680

 
$
15,025

 
$
33,399

 
$
39,785

 
$
314,889

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
12,777,409

 
$
1,458,581

 
$

 
$
(50,657
)
 
$
14,185,333

Total average assets (5)
 
36,813,121

 
2,069,903

 
335,690

 
(378,506
)
 
38,840,208

Total average deposits
 
33,096,854

 
1,167,823

 

 
147,496

 
34,412,173

Six months ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
 
$
353,349

 
$
16,185

 
$
43

 
$
31,716

 
$
401,293

(Provision for) reduction of loan losses
 
(2,648
)
 
207

 

 

 
(2,441
)
Noninterest income
 
111,662

 
630

 
34,553

 
177,590

 
324,435

Noninterest expense (3)
 
(242,533
)
 
(5,135
)
 
(5,779
)
 
(87,905
)
 
(341,352
)
Income before income tax expense (4)
 
$
219,830

 
$
11,887

 
$
28,817

 
$
121,401

 
$
381,935

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
9,776,913

 
$
1,084,894

 
$

 
$
63,200

 
$
10,925,007

Total average assets (5)
 
27,403,905

 
975,740

 
342,451

 
1,045,525

 
29,767,621

Total average deposits
 
24,610,326

 
768,300

 

 
57,831

 
25,436,457

 
 
(1)
Global Commercial Bank’s and SVB Capital’s components of net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and total average assets are shown net of noncontrolling interests for all periods presented. Noncontrolling interest is included within "Other Items".
(2)
The "Other Items" column reflects the adjustments necessary to reconcile the results of the operating segments to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP. Noninterest income is primarily attributable to noncontrolling interests and gains on equity warrant assets. Noninterest expense primarily consists of expenses associated with corporate support functions such as finance, human resources, marketing, legal and other expenses.
(3)
The Global Commercial Bank segment includes direct depreciation and amortization of $4.6 million and $5.1 million for the three months June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and $9.7 million and $10.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

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(4)
The internal reporting model used by management to assess segment performance does not calculate income tax expense by segment. Our effective tax rate is a reasonable approximation of the segment rates.
(5)
Total average assets equal the greater of total average assets or the sum of total average liabilities and total average stockholders’ equity for each segment which contributes to the negative balances reported in "Other Items" to reconcile the results to the consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with GAAP.
13.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Guarantees and Other Commitments
In the normal course of business we use financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial and standby letters of credit and commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity fund investments. These instruments involve credit risk to varying degrees. Credit risk is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss because other parties to the financial instrument fail to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract.
Commitments to Extend Credit
The following table summarizes information related to our commitments to extend credit at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
Loan commitments available for funding: (1)
 
 
 
 
Fixed interest rate commitments
 
$
1,618,035

 
$
1,591,408

Variable interest rate commitments
 
12,873,716

 
11,860,039

Total loan commitments available for funding
 
14,491,751

 
13,451,447

Commercial and standby letters of credit (2)
 
1,316,458

 
1,254,338

Total unfunded credit commitments
 
$
15,808,209

 
$
14,705,785

Commitments unavailable for funding (3)
 
$
2,269,117

 
$
1,868,489

Maximum lending limits for accounts receivable factoring arrangements (4)
 
1,029,131

 
1,044,548

Reserve for unfunded credit commitments (5)
 
35,617

 
36,419

 
 
(1)
Represents commitments which are available for funding, due to clients meeting all collateral, compliance and financial covenants required under loan commitment agreements.
(2)
See below for additional information on our commercial and standby letters of credit.
(3)
Represents commitments which are currently unavailable for funding, due to clients failing to meet all collateral, compliance and financial covenants under loan commitment agreements.
(4)
We extend credit under accounts receivable factoring arrangements when our clients’ sales invoices are deemed creditworthy under existing underwriting practices.
(5)
Our reserve for unfunded credit commitments includes an allowance for both our unfunded loan commitments and our letters of credit.
Commercial and Standby Letters of Credit
The table below summarizes our commercial and standby letters of credit at June 30, 2015. The maximum potential amount of future payments represents the amount that could be remitted under letters of credit if there were a total default by the guaranteed parties, without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from the collateral held or pledged.
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Expires In One
Year or Less
 
Expires After
One Year
 
Total Amount
Outstanding
 
Maximum Amount
of Future Payments
Financial standby letters of credit
 
$
1,176,681

 
$
68,629

 
$
1,245,310

 
$
1,245,310

Performance standby letters of credit
 
47,756

 
11,790

 
59,546

 
59,546

Commercial letters of credit
 
11,602

 

 
11,602

 
11,602

Total
 
$
1,236,039

 
$
80,419

 
$
1,316,458

 
$
1,316,458


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Deferred fees related to financial and performance standby letters of credit were $8.6 million at June 30, 2015 and $8.4 million at December 31, 2014. At June 30, 2015, collateral in the form of cash of $537.3 million and available-for-sale securities of $1.2 million were available to us to reimburse losses, if any, under financial and performance standby letters of credit.
Commitments to Invest in Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, including the Volcker Rule, we make commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity funds, which in turn make investments generally in, or in some cases make loans to, privately-held companies. Commitments to invest in these funds are generally made for a 10-year period from the inception of the fund. Although the limited partnership agreements governing these investments typically do not restrict the general partners from calling 100% of committed capital in one year, it is customary for these funds to generally call most of the capital commitments over 5 to 7 years; however in certain cases, the funds may not call 100% of committed capital over the life of the fund. The actual timing of future cash requirements to fund these commitments is generally dependent upon the investment cycle, overall market conditions, and the nature and type of industry in which the privately held companies operate. The following table details our total capital commitments, unfunded capital commitments, and our ownership percentage in each fund at June 30, 2015:
 Our Ownership in Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds
 (Dollars in thousands)
 
SVBFG Capital Commitments    
 
SVBFG Unfunded    
Commitments
 
SVBFG Ownership  
of each Fund (4)
Silicon Valley BancVentures, LP
 
$
6,000

 
$
270

 
10.7
%
SVB Capital Partners II, LP (1)
 
1,200

 
162

 
5.1

SVB Capital Shanghai Yangpu Venture Capital Fund
 
935

 

 
6.8

SVB Strategic Investors Fund, LP
 
15,300

 
688

 
12.6

SVB Strategic Investors Fund II, LP
 
15,000

 
1,050

 
8.6

SVB Strategic Investors Fund III, LP
 
15,000

 
1,275

 
5.9

SVB Strategic Investors Fund IV, LP
 
12,239

 
2,325

 
5.0

Strategic Investors Fund V Funds
 
515

 
178

 
Various

SVB Capital Preferred Return Fund, LP
 
12,688

 

 
20.0

SVB Capital—NT Growth Partners, LP
 
24,670

 
1,340

 
33.0

Other private equity fund (2)
 
9,338

 

 
58.2

Debt funds
 
73,807

 

 
Various

Other fund investments (3)
 
301,011

 
18,439

 
Various  

Total
 
$
487,703

 
$
25,727

 
 
 
 
(1)
Our ownership includes direct ownership of 1.3 percent and indirect ownership interest of 3.8 percent through our investment in SVB Strategic Investors Fund II, LP.
(2)
Our ownership includes direct ownership of 41.5 percent and indirect ownership interests of 12.6 percent and 4.1 percent in the fund through our ownership interest of SVB Capital - NT Growth Partners, LP and SVB Capital Preferred Return Fund, LP, respectively.
(3)
Represents commitments to 276 funds (primarily venture capital funds) where our ownership interest is generally less than 5 percent of the voting interests of each such fund.
(4)
We are subject to the Volcker Rule, which restricts or limits us from sponsoring or having ownership interests in “covered” funds including venture capital and private equity funds. See “Business - Supervision and Regulation” under Item 1 of Part I of our 2014 Form 10-K.

The following table details the amounts of remaining unfunded commitments to venture capital and private equity funds by our consolidated managed funds of funds (including our interest and the noncontrolling interests) at June 30, 2015:
 Limited Partnership
 (Dollars in thousands)
 
Unfunded Commitments    
SVB Strategic Investors Fund, LP
 
$
2,250

SVB Capital Preferred Return Fund, LP
 
4,673

SVB Capital—NT Growth Partners, LP
 
3,949

Other private equity fund
 
77

Total
 
$
10,949


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14.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income tax in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions and have identified our federal tax return and tax returns in California and Massachusetts as major tax filings. Our U.S. federal tax returns for 2011 and subsequent years remain open to full examination. Our California tax returns for 2010 and subsequent tax years remain open to full examination. Massachusetts tax returns for 2011 and subsequent years remain open to full examination.
At June 30, 2015, our unrecognized tax benefit was $3.2 million, the recognition of which would reduce our income tax expense by $2.1 million. We do not expect that our unrecognized tax benefit will materially change in the next 12 months.
We recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters as part of income before income taxes. Interest and penalties were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015.
15.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements
Our available-for-sale securities, derivative instruments and certain non-marketable and other securities are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. We make estimates regarding valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value in preparing our interim consolidated financial statements.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There is a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of assets and liabilities recorded at fair value. The classification of assets and liabilities within the hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to the valuation methodology used for measurement are observable or unobservable and the significance of those inputs in the fair value measurement. Observable inputs reflect market-derived or market-based information obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our estimates about market data and views of market participants. The three levels for measuring fair value are based on the reliability of inputs and are as follows:
Level 1
Fair value measurements based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that we have the ability to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these instruments does not entail a significant degree of judgment. Assets utilizing Level 1 inputs include U.S. Treasury securities, exchange-traded equity securities and certain marketable securities accounted for under fair value accounting.
Level 2
Fair value measurements based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, directly or indirectly. Valuations for the available-for-sale securities are provided by third party external pricing service providers. We review the methodologies used to determine the fair value, including understanding the nature and observability of the inputs used to determine the price. Additional corroboration, such as obtaining a non-binding price from a broker, may be obtained depending on the frequency of trades of the security and the level of liquidity or depth of the market. The valuation methodology that is generally used for the Level 2 assets is the income approach. Below is a summary of the significant inputs used for each class of Level 2 assets and liabilities:
U.S. agency debentures: Fair value measurements of U.S. agency debentures are based on the characteristics specific to bonds held, such as issuer name, coupon rate, maturity date and any applicable issuer call option features. Valuations are based on market spreads relative to similar term benchmark market interest rates, generally U.S. Treasury securities.
Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities: Agency-issued mortgage-backed securities are pools of individual conventional mortgage loans underwritten to U.S. agency standards with similar coupon rates, tenor, and other attributes such as geographic location, loan size and origination vintage. Fair value measurements of these securities are based on observable price adjustments relative to benchmark market interest rates taking into consideration estimated loan prepayment speeds.
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations: Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations are structured into classes or tranches with defined cash flow characteristics and are collateralized by U.S. agency-issued mortgage pass-through securities. Fair value measurements of these securities incorporate similar characteristics of mortgage pass-through securities such as coupon rate, tenor, geographic location, loan size and origination vintage, in addition to incorporating the effect of estimated prepayment speeds on the cash flow structure of the class or tranche. These measurements incorporate observable market spreads over an estimated average life after considering the inputs listed above.
Agency-issued commercial mortgage-backed securities: Fair value measurements of these securities are based on spreads to benchmark market interest rates (usually U.S. Treasury rates or rates observable in the swaps market), prepayment speeds, loan default rate assumptions and loan loss severity assumptions on underlying loans.

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Municipal bonds and notes: Bonds issued by municipal governments generally have stated coupon rates, final maturity dates and are subject to being called ahead of the final maturity date at the option of the issuer. Fair value measurements of these securities are priced based on spreads to other municipal benchmark bonds with similar characteristics; or, relative to market rates on U.S. Treasury bonds of similar maturity.
Interest rate derivative assets and liabilities: Fair value measurements of interest rate derivatives are priced considering the coupon rate of the fixed leg of the contract and the variable coupon on the floating leg of the contract. Valuation is based on both spot and forward rates on the swap yield curve and the credit worthiness of the contract counterparty.
Foreign exchange forward and option contract assets and liabilities: Fair value measurements of these assets and liabilities are priced based on spot and forward foreign currency rates and option volatility assumptions.
Equity warrant assets (public portfolio): Fair value measurements of equity warrant assets of publicly-traded portfolio companies are valued based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model uses the price of publicly-traded companies (underlying stock price), stated strike prices, warrant expiration dates, the risk-free interest rate and market-observable option volatility assumptions.
Level 3
The fair value measurement is derived from valuation techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect our own estimates of assumptions we believe market participants would use in pricing the asset. Below is a summary of the valuation techniques used for each class of Level 3 assets:
Other venture capital investments: Fair value measurements are based on consideration of a range of factors including, but not limited to, the price at which the investment was acquired, the term and nature of the investment, local market conditions, values for comparable securities, and as it relates to the private company, the current and projected operating performance, exit strategies and financing transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement include the information about each portfolio company, including actual and forecasted results, cash position, recent or planned transactions and market comparable companies. Significant changes to any one of these inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in the fair value measurement, however, we generally consider all factors available through ongoing communication with the portfolio companies and venture capital fund managers to determine whether there are changes to the portfolio company or the environment that indicate a change in the fair value measurement.
Other securities: Fair value measurements of equity securities of public companies are priced based on quoted market prices less a discount if the securities are subject to certain sales restrictions. Marketability discounts generally range from 10% to 20% depending on the duration of the sale restrictions which typically range from 3 to 6 months.
Equity warrant assets (public portfolio): Fair value measurements of equity warrant assets of publicly-traded portfolio companies are valued based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model uses the price of publicly-traded companies (underlying stock price), stated strike prices, warrant expiration dates, the risk-free interest rate and market-observable option volatility assumptions. Modeled asset values are further adjusted by applying a discount of up to 20% for certain warrants that have lock-up restrictions or other features that indicate a discount to fair value is warranted. As a lock-up term nears, and other sale restrictions are lifted, discounts are adjusted downward to 0 percent once all restrictions expire or are removed.
Equity warrant assets (private portfolio): Fair value measurements of equity warrant assets of private portfolio companies are priced based on a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the asset value by using stated strike prices, option expiration dates, risk-free interest rates and option volatility assumptions. Option volatility assumptions used in the modified Black-Scholes model are based on public market indices whose members operate in similar industries as companies in our private company portfolio. Option expiration dates are modified to account for estimates to actual life relative to stated expiration. Overall model asset values are further adjusted for a general lack of liquidity due to the private nature of the associated underlying company. There is a direct correlation between changes in the volatility and remaining life assumptions in isolation and the fair value measurement while there is an inverse correlation between changes in the liquidity discount assumption and the fair value measurement.
It is our policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements. When available, we use quoted market prices to measure fair value. If market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based upon valuation techniques that use primarily market-based or independently-sourced market parameters, including interest rate yield curves, prepayment speeds, option volatilities and currency rates. Substantially all of our financial instruments use the foregoing methodologies, and are categorized as a Level 1 or Level 2 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. However, in certain cases, when market observable inputs for our valuation techniques may not be readily available, we are required to make judgments about assumptions we believe market participants would use in estimating the

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fair value of the financial instrument, and based on the significance of those judgments, the measurement may be determined to be a Level 3 fair value measurement.
The degree of management judgment involved in determining the fair value of a financial instrument is dependent upon the availability of quoted market prices or observable market parameters. For financial instruments that trade actively and have quoted market prices or observable market parameters, there is minimal subjectivity involved in measuring fair value. When observable market prices and parameters are not fully available, management judgment is necessary to estimate fair value. For inactive markets, there is little information, if any, to evaluate if individual transactions are orderly. Accordingly, we are required to estimate, based upon all available facts and circumstances, the degree to which orderly transactions are occurring and provide more weighting to price quotes that are based upon orderly transactions. In addition, changes in the market conditions may reduce the availability of quoted prices or observable data. For example, reduced liquidity in the capital markets or changes in secondary market activities could result in observable market inputs becoming unavailable. Therefore, when market data is not available, we use valuation techniques requiring more management judgment to estimate the appropriate fair value measurement. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by management in determining fair value is greater for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3.
The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2015:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Balance at
June 30, 2015
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
9,001,966

 
$

 
$

 
$
9,001,966

U.S. agency debentures
 

 
3,154,953

 

 
3,154,953

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - fixed rate
 

 
1,642,593

 

 
1,642,593

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - variable rate
 

 
692,308

 

 
692,308

Equity securities
 
1,753

 
2,186

 

 
3,939

Total available-for-sale securities
 
9,003,719

 
5,492,040

 

 
14,495,759

Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments measured at net asset value (1)
 

 

 

 
156,730

Other venture capital investments
 

 

 
3,390

 
3,390

Other securities
 
287

 

 

 
287

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting)
 
287

 

 
3,390

 
160,407

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 

 
3,828

 

 
3,828

Foreign exchange forward and option contracts
 

 
33,986

 

 
33,986

Equity warrant assets
 

 
2,467

 
120,037

 
122,504

Client interest rate derivatives
 

 
2,087

 

 
2,087

Total assets (2)
 
$
9,004,006

 
$
5,534,408

 
$
123,427

 
$
14,818,571

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts
 
$

 
$
31,028

 
$

 
$
31,028

Client interest rate derivatives
 

 
2,247

 

 
2,247

Total liabilities
 
$

 
$
33,275

 
$

 
$
33,275

 
 
(1)
In accordance with the accounting standard (ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified

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in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the statement of financial position. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(2)
Included in Level 1 and Level 3 assets are $0.2 million and $3 million, respectively, attributable to noncontrolling interests calculated based on the ownership percentages of the noncontrolling interests.

The following fair value hierarchy table presents information about our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. treasury securities
 
$
7,302,273

 
$

 
$

 
$
7,302,273

U.S. agency debentures
 

 
3,561,556

 

 
3,561,556

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - fixed rate
 

 
1,884,843

 

 
1,884,843

Agency-issued collateralized mortgage obligations - variable rate
 

 
784,475

 

 
784,475

Equity securities
 
4,290

 
3,218

 

 
7,508

Total available-for-sale securities
 
7,306,563

 
6,234,092

 

 
13,540,655

Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments measured at net asset value (1)
 

 

 

 
1,130,882

Other venture capital investments
 

 

 
71,204

 
71,204

Other securities
 
108,251

 

 

 
108,251

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting)
 
108,251

 

 
71,204

 
1,310,337

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 

 
4,609

 

 
4,609

Foreign exchange forward and option contracts
 

 
34,231

 

 
34,231

Equity warrant assets
 

 
1,906

 
114,698

 
116,604

Client interest rate derivatives
 

 
2,546

 

 
2,546

Total assets (2)
 
$
7,414,814

 
$
6,277,384

 
$
185,902

 
$
15,008,982

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts
 
$

 
$
28,363

 
$

 
$
28,363

Client interest rate derivatives
 

 
2,748

 

 
2,748

Total liabilities
 
$

 
$
31,111

 
$

 
$
31,111

 
 
(1)
In accordance with the accounting standard (ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(2)
Included in Level 1 and Level 3 assets are $100 million and $69 million, respectively, attributable to noncontrolling interests calculated based on the ownership percentages of the noncontrolling interests.


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The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning
Balance
 
Total Realized and Unrealized Gains Included in Income
 
Purchases  
 
Sales
 
Issuances  
 
Distributions and Other Settlements
 
Transfers Out of Level 3
 
Ending
Balance
Three months ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments (3)
 
$
3,390

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,390

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting) (1)
 
3,390

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,390

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets (2)
 
122,261

 
23,249

 

 
(27,393
)
 
2,467

 
344

 
(891
)
 
120,037

Total assets
 
$
125,651

 
$
23,249

 
$

 
$
(27,393
)
 
$
2,467

 
$
344

 
$
(891
)
 
$
123,427

Three months ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments
 
$
28,306

 
$
676

 
$
15,826

 
$
(925
)
 
$

 
$
(10
)
 
$
(126
)
 
$
43,747

Other securities (fair value accounting)
 
362,487

 
1,616

 

 

 

 

 
(358,295
)
 
5,808

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting) (1)
 
390,793

 
2,292

 
15,826

 
(925
)
 

 
(10
)
 
(358,421
)
 
49,555

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets (2)
 
87,642

 
13,141

 

 
(16,644
)
 
2,749

 
583

 
(320
)
 
87,151

Total assets
 
$
478,435

 
$
15,433

 
$
15,826

 
$
(17,569
)
 
$
2,749

 
$
573

 
$
(358,741
)
 
$
136,706

Six months ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments (3)
 
$
3,291

 
$
131

 
$

 
$
(32
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,390

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting) (1)
 
3,291

 
131

 

 
(32
)
 

 

 

 
3,390

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets (2)
 
114,698

 
43,333

 

 
(42,158
)
 
4,550

 
748

 
(1,134
)
 
120,037

Total assets
 
$
117,989

 
$
43,464

 
$

 
$
(42,190
)
 
$
4,550

 
$
748

 
$
(1,134
)
 
$
123,427

Six months ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments
 
$
32,839

 
$
2,514

 
$
16,496

 
$
(4,439
)
 
$

 
$
(3,537
)
 
$
(126
)
 
$
43,747

Other securities (fair value accounting)
 
319,249

 
104,310

 

 
(46,840
)
 

 
3,417

 
(374,328
)
 
5,808

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting) (1)
 
352,088

 
106,824

 
16,496

 
(51,279
)
 

 
(120
)
 
(374,454
)
 
49,555

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets (2)
 
99,891

 
37,519

 

 
(56,637
)
 
6,166

 
1,209

 
(997
)
 
87,151

Total assets
 
$
451,979

 
$
144,343

 
$
16,496

 
$
(107,916
)
 
$
6,166

 
$
1,089

 
$
(375,451
)
 
$
136,706

 
 
(1)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are recorded in the line items “gains on investment securities, net” a component of noninterest income.
(2)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) are recorded in the line item “gains on derivative instruments, net”, a component of noninterest income.
(3)
Beginning balance was adjusted to conform with our adoption of the new accounting standard (ASU 2015-02), Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis (Topic 820).

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The following table presents the amount of net unrealized gains and losses included in earnings (which is inclusive of noncontrolling interest) attributable to Level 3 assets still held at June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments
 
53

 
1,324

 
141

 
1,310

    Other securities
 

 
1,615

 

 
80,583

Total non-marketable and other securities (fair value accounting) (1)
 
53

 
2,939

 
141

 
81,893

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets (2)
 
6,437

 
9,578

 
14,809

 
11,971

Total unrealized gains, net
 
$
6,490

 
$
12,517

 
$
14,950

 
$
93,864

Unrealized gains attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
$
1,297

 
$
38,791

 
$
1,385

 
$
148,151

 
 
(1)
Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded in the line items “gains on investment securities, net”, a component of noninterest income.
(2)
Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded in the line item “gains on derivative instruments, net”, a component of noninterest income.
The following table presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used for certain of our Level 3 fair value measurements at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. We have not included in this table our venture capital and private equity fund investments (fair value accounting) as we use net asset value per share (as obtained from the general partners of the investments) as a practical expedient to determine fair value.
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Fair value
 
Valuation Technique
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Weighted 
Average
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments (fair value accounting)
 
$
3,390

 
Private company equity pricing
 
(1)
 
(1
)
Equity warrant assets (public portfolio)
 
4,440

 
Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model
 
Volatility
 
38.4
%
 
 
 
 
Risk-Free interest rate
 
1.9
%
 
 
 
 
Sales restrictions discount (2)
 
18.5
%
Equity warrant assets (private portfolio)
 
115,597

 
Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model
 
Volatility
 
37.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-Free interest rate
 
0.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount (3)
 
17.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining life assumption (4)
 
45.0
%
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other venture capital investments (fair value accounting)
 
$
71,204

 
Private company equity pricing
 
(1)
 
(1
)
Equity warrant assets (public portfolio)
 
1,681

 
Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model
 
Volatility
 
42.6
%
 
 
 
 
Risk-Free interest rate
 
1.7
%
 
 
 
 
Sales restrictions discount (2)
 
17.8
%
Equity warrant assets (private portfolio)
 
113,017

 
Modified Black-Scholes option pricing model
 
Volatility
 
38.3
%
 
 
 
 
Risk-Free interest rate
 
0.9
%
 
 
 
 
Marketability discount (3)
 
20.0
%
 
 
 
 
Remaining life assumption (4)
 
45.0
%
 
 
 
(1)
In determining the fair value of our other venture capital investment portfolio, we evaluate a variety of factors related to each underlying private portfolio company including, but not limited to, actual and forecasted results, cash position, recent or planned transactions and market comparable companies. Additionally, we have ongoing communication with the portfolio companies and venture capital fund managers, to determine whether there is a material change in fair value. These factors are specific to each portfolio company and a weighted average or range of values of the unobservable inputs is not meaningful.

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(2)
We adjust quoted market prices of public companies, which are subject to certain sales restrictions. Sales restriction discounts generally range from 10% to 20% depending on the duration of the sales restrictions, which typically range from 3 to 6 months.
(3)
Our marketability discount is applied to all private company warrants to account for a general lack of liquidity due to the private nature of the associated underlying company. The quantitative measure used is based upon various option-pricing models. On a quarterly basis, a sensitivity analysis is performed on our marketability discount.
(4)
We adjust the contractual remaining term of private company warrants based on our estimate of the actual remaining life, which we determine by utilizing historical data on cancellations and exercises. At June 30, 2015, the weighted average contractual remaining term was 5.79 years, compared to our estimated remaining life of 2.60 years. On a quarterly basis, a sensitivity analysis is performed on our remaining life assumption.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, we did not have any material transfers between Level 2 and Level 1. We did not have any transfers from Level 3 to Level 1 for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Transfers from Level 3 to Level 1 for the six months ended June 30, 2014 included $374.5 million as a result of the expiration of lock-up and other restrictions on certain of our other securities.
All other transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were due to the transfer of equity warrant assets from our private portfolio to our public portfolio (see our Level 3 reconciliation above). All amounts reported as transfers represent the fair value as of the date of the change in circumstances that caused the transfer.
Financial Instruments not Carried at Fair Value
FASB guidance over financial instruments requires that we disclose estimated fair values for our financial instruments not carried at fair value. Fair value estimates, methods and assumptions, set forth below for our financial instruments, are made solely to comply with these requirements.
Fair values are based on estimates or calculations at the transaction level using present value techniques in instances where quoted market prices are not available. Because broadly traded markets do not exist for many of our financial instruments, the fair value calculations attempt to incorporate the effect of current market conditions at a specific time. The aggregation of the fair value calculations presented herein does not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.
The following describes the methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments for which carrying value approximates fair value and estimated fair values of financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and excludes financial instruments and assets and liabilities already recorded at fair value as described above.
Financial Instruments for which Carrying Value Approximates Fair Value
Certain financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are carried at amounts that approximate fair value, due to their short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents; FHLB and FRB stock; accrued interest receivable; short-term borrowings; short-term time deposits; and accrued interest payable. In addition, U.S. GAAP requires that the fair value of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (i.e., demand, savings and certain money market deposits) be equal to their carrying value; recognition of the inherent funding value of these instruments is not permitted.

Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments Not Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Held-to-maturity securities include similar investments held in our available-for-sale securities portfolio and are valued using the same methodologies. All securities included in our held-to-maturity securities portfolio are valued using Level 2 inputs. Refer to Level 2 fair value measurements above for significant inputs used in the valuation of our held-to-maturity investment securities.
Non-Marketable Securities (Cost and Equity Method Accounting)
Non-marketable securities includes other investments (equity method accounting), venture capital and private equity fund investments (cost method accounting), and other venture capital investments (cost method accounting). Other investments (equity method accounting) includes our investment in our joint venture bank in China. At this time, the carrying value of our investment in our joint venture bank in China is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The fair value of the remaining other investments (equity method accounting) and the fair value of venture capital and private equity fund investments (cost method accounting) and other venture capital investments (cost method accounting) is based on financial information obtained from the investee or obtained from the fund investments’ or debt fund investments’ respective general partners. For private company

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investments, estimated fair value is based on consideration of a range of factors including, but not limited to, the price at which the investment was acquired, the term and nature of the investment, local market conditions, values for comparable securities, current and projected operating performance, exit strategies, and financing transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment. For our fund investments, we utilize the net asset value per share as obtained from the general partners of the investments. We adjust the net asset value per share for differences between our measurement date and the date of the fund investment’s net asset value by using the most recently available financial information from the investee general partner, for example March 31st, for our June 30th consolidated financial statements, adjusted for any contributions paid, distributions received from the investment, and significant fund transactions or market events during the reporting period.
Loans
The fair value of fixed and variable rate loans is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows using rates that reflect current pricing for similar loans and the projected forward yield curve. This method is not based on the exit price concept of fair value required under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
Long-Term Deposits
The fair value of long-term time deposits is estimated by discounting the cash flows using our cost of borrowings and the projected forward yield curve over their remaining contractual term.
Long-Term Debt
The fair value of long-term debt is generally based on quoted market prices, when available, or is estimated based on calculations utilizing third-party pricing services and current market spread, price indications from reputable dealers or observable market prices of the underlying instrument(s), whichever is deemed more reliable. Also included in the estimated fair value of our 6.05% Subordinated Notes are amounts related to hedge accounting associated with the notes.
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
The fair value of net available commitments to extend credit is estimated based on the average amount we would receive or pay to execute a new agreement with identical terms and pricing, while taking into account the counterparties’ credit standing.
Letters of credit are carried at their fair value, which was equivalent to the residual premium or fee at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit typically result in loans with a market interest rate if funded.

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The following fair value hierarchy table presents the estimated fair values of our financial instruments that are not carried at fair value at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying Amount
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,625,550

 
$
2,625,550

 
$
2,625,550

 
$

 
$

Held-to-maturity securities
 
7,735,891

 
7,730,811

 

 
7,730,811

 

Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method accounting) not measured at net asset value
 
111,890

 
114,598

 

 

 
114,598

Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method) accounting measured at net asset value (1)
 
250,665

 
360,814

 

 

 

Net commercial loans
 
12,510,382

 
12,633,349

 

 

 
12,633,349

Net consumer loans
 
1,558,404

 
1,524,375

 

 

 
1,524,375

FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock
 
46,116

 
46,116

 

 

 
46,116

Accrued interest receivable
 
97,158

 
97,158

 

 
97,158

 

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other short-term borrowings
 
2,537

 
2,537

 
2,537

 

 

Non-maturity deposits (2)
 
35,559,302

 
35,559,302

 
35,559,302

 

 

Time deposits
 
67,663

 
67,622

 

 
67,622

 

3.50% Senior Notes
 
349,716

 
336,462

 

 
336,462

 

5.375% Senior Notes
 
348,554

 
390,838

 

 
390,838

 

6.05% Subordinated Notes (3)
 
49,426

 
52,340

 

 
52,340

 

7.0% Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
54,758

 
53,093

 

 
53,093

 

Accrued interest payable
 
12,096

 
12,096

 

 
12,096

 

Off-balance sheet financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit
 

 
29,717

 

 

 
29,717

December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
1,796,062

 
$
1,796,062

 
$
1,796,062

 
$

 
$

Held-to-maturity securities
 
7,421,042

 
7,415,656

 

 
7,415,656

 

Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method accounting) not measured at net asset value
 
108,221

 
107,451

 

 

 
107,451

Non-marketable securities (cost and equity method) accounting measured at net asset value (1)
 
188,427

 
283,119

 

 

 

Net commercial loans
 
12,947,869

 
13,082,487

 

 

 
13,082,487

Net consumer loans
 
1,271,048

 
1,247,336

 

 

 
1,247,336

FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock
 
53,496

 
53,496

 

 

 
53,496

Accrued interest receivable
 
94,180

 
94,180

 

 
94,180

 

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other short-term borrowings
 
7,781

 
7,781

 
7,781

 

 

Non-maturity deposits (2)
 
34,215,372

 
34,215,372

 
34,215,372

 

 

Time deposits
 
128,127

 
128,107

 

 
128,107

 

5.375% Senior Notes
 
348,436

 
392,616

 

 
392,616

 

6.05% Subordinated Notes (3)
 
50,162

 
53,537

 

 
53,537

 

7.0% Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
54,845

 
52,990

 

 
52,990

 

Accrued interest payable
 
6,998

 
6,998

 

 
6,998

 

Off-balance sheet financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit
 

 
29,097

 

 

 
29,097

 
 
(1)
In accordance with the accounting standard (ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.

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(2)
Includes noninterest-bearing demand deposits, interest-bearing checking accounts, money market accounts and interest-bearing sweep deposits.
(3)
At June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, included in the carrying value and estimated fair value of our 6.05% Subordinated Notes was an interest rate swap valued at $3.8 million and $4.6 million, respectively, related to hedge accounting associated with the notes.

Investments in Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
FASB guidance over certain fund investments requires that we disclose the fair value of funds, significant investment strategies of the investees, redemption features of the investees, restrictions on the ability to sell investments, estimate of the period of time over which the underlying assets are expected to be liquidated by the investee, and unfunded commitments related to the investments.
Our investments in debt funds and venture capital and private equity fund investments generally cannot be redeemed. Alternatively, we expect distributions, if any, to be received primarily through IPOs and M&A activity of the underlying assets of the fund. Subject to applicable requirements under the Volcker Rule, we do not have any plans to sell any of these fund investments. If we decide to sell these investments in the future, the investee fund’s management must approve of the buyer before the sale of the investments can be completed. The fair values of the fund investments have been estimated using the net asset value per share of the investments, adjusted for any differences between our measurement date and the date of the fund investment’s net asset value by using the most recently available financial information from the investee general partner, for example March 31st, for our June 30th consolidated financial statements, adjusted for any contributions paid, distributions received from the investment, and significant fund transactions or market events during the reporting period.
The following table is a summary of the estimated fair values of these investments and remaining unfunded commitments for each major category of these investments as of June 30, 2015:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying Amount      
 
Fair Value        
 
Unfunded
Commitments      
Non-marketable securities (fair value accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (1)
 
$
156,730

 
$
156,730

 
$
10,949

Non-marketable securities (equity method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)
 
78,574

 
78,574

 
4,990

Debt funds (2)
 
22,313

 
23,504

 

Other investments (2)
 
22,705

 
22,705

 
886

Non-marketable securities (cost method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)
 
127,073

 
236,031

 
11,151

Total
 
$
407,395

 
$
517,544

 
$
27,976

 
 
(1)
Venture capital and private equity fund investments within non-marketable securities (fair value accounting) include investments made by our managed funds of funds and one of our direct venture funds. These investments represent investments in venture capital and private equity funds that invest primarily in U.S. and global technology and life science & healthcare companies. Included in the fair value and unfunded commitments of fund investments under fair value accounting are $112 million and $8 million, respectively, attributable to noncontrolling interests. It is estimated that we will receive distributions from the fund investments over the next 10 to 13 years, depending on the age of the funds and any potential extensions of terms of the funds.
(2)
Venture capital and private equity fund investments, debt funds, and other fund investments within non-marketable securities (equity and cost method accounting) include funds that invest in or lend money to primarily U.S. and global technology and life science & healthcare companies. It is estimated that we will receive distributions from the funds over the next 10 to 13 years, depending on the age of the funds and any potential extensions of the terms of the funds.
16.
Legal Matters
Certain lawsuits and claims arising in the ordinary course of business have been filed or are pending against us or our affiliates. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we establish accruals for all lawsuits, claims and expected settlements when we believe it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. When a loss contingency is not both probable and estimable, we do not establish an accrual. Any such loss estimates are inherently uncertain, based on currently available information and are subject to management’s judgment and various assumptions. Due to the inherent subjectivity of these estimates and unpredictability of outcomes of legal proceedings, any amounts accrued may not represent the ultimate resolution of such matters.

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To the extent we believe any potential loss relating to such lawsuits and claims may have a material impact on our liquidity, consolidated financial position, results of operations, and/or our business as a whole and is reasonably possible but not probable, we disclose information relating to any such potential loss, whether in excess of any established accruals or where there is no established accrual. We also disclose information relating to any material potential loss that is probable but not reasonably estimable. Where reasonably practicable, we will provide an estimate of loss or range of potential loss. No disclosures are generally made for any loss contingencies that are deemed to be remote.
Based upon information available to us, our review of lawsuits and claims filed or pending against us to date and consultation with our outside legal counsel, we have not recognized a material accrual liability for these matters, nor do we currently expect it is reasonably possible that these matters will result in a material liability to the Company. However, the outcome of litigation and other legal and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, and it is possible that one or more of such matters currently pending or threatened could have an unanticipated material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated financial position, results of operations, and/or our business as a whole, in the future.
17.
Related Parties
During the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Bank made loans to related parties, including certain companies in which certain of our directors or their affiliated venture funds are beneficial owners of ten percent or more of the equity securities of such companies. Such loans: (a) were made in the ordinary course of business; (b) were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other non-related persons; and (c) did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features. Additionally, we also provide real estate secured loans to eligible employees through our EHOP.




 

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ITEM 2.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including in particular “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under Part I, Item 2 of this report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, management has in the past and might in the future make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts. Broadly speaking, forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
Projections of our net interest income, noninterest income, earnings per share, noninterest expenses (including professional services, compliance, compensation and other costs), cash flows, balance sheet positions, capital expenditures, liquidity and capitalization or other financial items
Descriptions of our strategic initiatives, plans or objectives for future operations, including pending sales or acquisitions
Forecasts of private equity/venture capital funding and investment levels
Forecasts of future interest rates, economic performance, and income from investments
Forecasts of expected levels of provisions for loan losses, nonperforming loans, loan growth and client funds
Descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing
You can identify these and other forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “becoming,” “may,” “will,” “should,” "could," "would," “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “seek,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” the negative of such words, or comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we have based these expectations on our current beliefs as well as our assumptions, and such expectations may prove to be incorrect. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results of operations and financial performance could differ significantly from those expressed in or implied by our management’s forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ from the expectations stated in the forward-looking statements include, among others:
Market and economic conditions, including the interest rate environment, and the associated impact on us
The credit profile and credit quality of our loan portfolio and volatility of our levels of nonperforming assets and charge-offs
The adequacy of our allowance for loan losses and the need to make provisions for loan losses for any period
The borrowing needs of our clients
The sufficiency of our capital and liquidity positions
The levels of loans, deposits and client investment fund balances
The performance of our portfolio investments; the general condition of the public and private equity and mergers and acquisitions markets and their impact on our investments, including equity warrant assets, venture capital and private equity funds and direct equity investments
Our overall investment plans and strategies; the realization, timing, valuation and performance of our equity or other investments
The levels of public offerings, mergers and acquisitions and venture capital investment activity of our clients that may impact the borrowing needs of our clients
The occurrence of fraudulent activity, including breaches of our information security or cyber security-related incidents
Business disruptions and interruptions due to natural disasters and other external events
The impact on our reputation and business from our interactions with business partners, counterparties, service providers and other third parties
Expansion of our business internationally
The impact of legal requirements and regulations limiting or restricting our activities or resulting in higher costs or increased compliance responsibilities, including the Volcker rule
The impact of lawsuits and claims
Changes in accounting standards
The levels of equity capital available to our client or portfolio companies
Our ability to maintain or increase our market share, including through successfully implementing our business strategy and undertaking new business initiatives

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Other factors as discussed in “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A in our 2014 Form 10-K

We urge investors to consider all of these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. The forward-looking statements included in this filing are made only as of the date of this filing. We assume no obligation and do not intend to revise or update any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as presented in Part I, Item 1 of this report and in conjunction with our 2014 Form 10-K.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts, including amounts related to the adoption of ASU 2014-01 and ASU 2015-02, have been reclassified to conform to current period presentations.
Management’s Overview of Second Quarter 2015 Performance
Overall, we had a solid second quarter in 2015, which was reflective of continued growth in total client funds, tempered average loan growth, higher core fee income, solid venture capital investment and warrant gains and the solid credit quality of our loan portfolio despite an increase in our loan loss provision and levels of nonperforming loans. We continued to perform well as a result of our focus on innovation companies and their investors, continued positive business conditions for our clients and our efforts to secure client relationships. We had net income available to common stockholders of $86.1 million and diluted EPS of $1.66 for the second quarter of 2015. This compares to net income of $51.0 million and diluted EPS of $1.04 in the second quarter of 2014. In the second quarter of 2015, we experienced solid growth in net interest income as a result of the increase in interest earned from our fixed income investment and loan portfolios. These increases are reflective of an increase in average loans of $3.2 billion and average investments of $6.2 billion, driven by our significant deposit growth. Our total client funds, which consist of on-balance sheet deposits and off-balance sheet client investment funds, also significantly increased, reflecting growth from our existing and new clients. Noninterest expense increased $23.2 million primarily from increases in compensation and benefits.
Second quarter 2015 results (compared to the second quarter 2014, where applicable) included:
Continued strong growth in our lending business with average loan balances of $14.3 billion, an increase of $3.2 billion, or 29.2 percent. Period-end loan balances were $14.3 billion, an increase of $2.9 billion, or 25.7 percent.
Average investment securities, excluding non-marketable and other securities, of $21.4 billion, an increase of $6.2 billion, or 41.1 percent. Period-end investment securities, excluding non-marketable and other securities, of $22.2 billion, an increase of $5.1 billion, or 29.7 percent.
Average deposit balances of $35.0 billion, an increase of $7.8 billion, or 28.6 percent. Period-end deposit balances of $35.6 billion, an increase of $7.3 billion, or 25.7 percent.
Average total client funds (comprised of on-balance sheet deposits and off-balance sheet client investment funds) were $72.8 billion, an increase of $15.5 billion, or 27.0 percent. Period-end total client funds were $75.7 billion, an increase of $17.0 billion, or 28.9 percent.
Net interest income (fully taxable equivalent basis) of $244.2 million, an increase of $38.8 million, or 18.9 percent, primarily due to an increase in interest income from fixed income investment securities and loans, attributable to growth in average investment and loan balances of $6.2 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively, driven by the average deposit growth mentioned above.
Net interest margin of 2.58 percent, compared to 2.79 percent, primarily due to a 67 basis point decrease in the overall yield of our loan portfolio and an 10 basis point decrease in our fixed income investment portfolio yield. These decreases are primarily a result of the shift in the mix of our overall loan portfolio into higher credit quality, lower yielding loans, the overall low rate market environment and increased competition in the marketplace.
Provision for loan losses of $26.5 million, compared to $1.9 million. The provision of $26.5 million was primarily driven by an increase of $27.1 million in the reserve for impaired loans and $1.7 million in net charge-offs, offset by a $2.4 million reduction due to the decrease in period-end loan balances.
Non-GAAP core fee income (deposit service charges, letters of credit fees, credit card fees, lending related fees, client investment fees, and foreign exchange fees) of $66.1 million, an increase of $16.1 million, or 32.2 percent,

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primarily reflective of increased client utilization resulting in increased foreign exchange and credit card fee income. (See non-GAAP reconciliation under the section "Results of Operations—Noninterest Income").
Net gains on investment securities of $25.0 million, compared to net losses of $57.3 million. [Non-GAAP net gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests were $15.9 million, compared to net losses of $22.1 million (See non-GAAP reconciliation under the section "Results of Operations—Noninterest Income—Gains on Investment Securities, Net").] Net gains, net of noncontrolling interests, were primarily driven by $9.5 million gains from our strategic and other investments, reflective of strong distributions from our strategic venture capital fund investments and gains of $5.4 million from our managed fund of funds, primarily related to unrealized valuation adjustments. In the second quarter of 2014, we had losses associated with our FireEye related investments. Specifically, we had losses on investment securities related to FireEye of $98.9 million ($30.4 million net of noncontrolling interests) primarily from unrealized losses due to the decreased valuation of the remaining FireEye shares held by our managed direct venture funds during the second quarter of 2014. (See "Results of Operations—Noninterest Income—Gains on Investment Securities, Net").
Net gains on equity warrant assets of $23.6 million, an increase of $11.3 million, or 91.5 percent, compared to $12.3 million. The gains of $23.6 million included $13.9 million in realized gains relating to one company in our public company warrant portfolio.
Noninterest expense of $194.1 million, an increase of $23.2 million, or 13.6 percent. This increase was primarily driven by a $25.1 million increase in compensation and benefits. The increase in compensation and benefits is primarily due to increased incentive compensation as well as an increase in warrant incentive plan expenses, which is reflective of our solid performance in the second quarter of 2015 and our current expectation that we will exceed our internal performance targets for 2015. In addition, salaries and wages contributed to the increase in compensation and benefits as a result of an increase in average FTEs. Average FTEs increased by 10.8 percent to 1,959 for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 1,768 FTEs for the comparable 2014 period.

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A summary of our performance for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data, employees and ratios)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change  
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per common share (1)
 
$
1.66

 
$
1.04

 
59.6

 
$
3.37

 
$
2.96

 
13.9

Net income available to common stockholders (1)
 
86,143

 
50,953

 
69.1

  
 
174,659

 
141,903

 
23.1

  
Net interest income
 
243,771

 
204,965

 
18.9

  
 
482,696

 
401,293

 
20.3

  
Net interest margin
 
2.58
%
 
2.79
%
 
(21
)
bps 
 
2.61
%
 
2.95
%
 
(34
)
bps 
Provision for loan losses
 
$
26,513

 
$
1,947

 
NM

 
 
$
32,965

 
$
2,441

 
NM

 
Noninterest income (2)
 
126,287

 
14,210

 
NM

 
 
249,811

 
324,435

 
(23.0
)
%
Noninterest expense (1) (2)
 
194,112

 
170,944

 
13.6

%
 
384,653

 
341,352

 
12.7

  
Non-GAAP core fee income (3)
 
66,079

 
49,993

 
32.2

 
 
124,289

 
100,939

 
23.1

 
Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests (1) (2) (3)
 
117,731

 
49,535

 
137.7

  
 
227,091

 
173,042

 
31.2

  
Non-GAAP noninterest expense, net of noncontrolling interests (1) (2) (4)
 
193,870

 
165,677

 
17.0

  
 
384,119

 
332,764

 
15.4

  
Balance Sheet:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average available-for-sale securities
 
$
13,797,718

 
$
13,397,265

 
3.0

%
 
$
13,685,091

 
$
12,826,267

 
6.7

%
Average held-to-maturity securities (5)
 
7,639,790

 
1,793,698

 
NM

 
 
7,604,966

 
901,804

 
NM

 
Average loans, net of unearned income (2)
 
14,320,875

 
11,080,602

 
29.2


 
14,185,333

 
10,925,007

 
29.8

 
Average noninterest-bearing demand deposits (2)
 
26,723,333

 
19,472,542

 
37.2

  
 
25,952,670

 
18,183,692

 
42.7

  
Average interest-bearing deposits
 
8,232,734

 
7,704,583

 
6.9

  
 
8,459,503

 
7,252,765

 
16.6

  
Average total deposits
 
34,956,067

 
27,177,125

 
28.6

  
 
34,412,173

 
25,436,457

 
35.3

  
Earnings Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (annualized) (1) (2) (6)
 
0.88
%
 
0.64
%
 
37.5

 
0.91
%
 
0.96
%
 
(5.2
)
Return on average SVBFG stockholders’ equity (annualized) (1) (7)
 
11.40

 
8.52

 
33.8

  
 
11.87

 
12.72

 
(6.7
)
  
Asset Quality Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses as a % of total period-end gross loans
 
1.34
%
 
1.06
%
 
28

bps 
 
1.34
%
 
1.06
%
 
28

bps 
Allowance for loan losses for performing loans as a % of total gross performing loans
 
0.99

 
1.02

 
(3
)
  
 
0.99

 
1.02

 
(3
)
  
Gross loan charge-offs as a % of average total gross loans (annualized)
 
0.13

 
0.23

 
(10
)
  
 
0.14

 
0.50

 
(36
)
  
Net loan charge-offs as a % of average total gross loans (annualized)
 
0.05

 
0.17

 
(12
)
  
 
0.08

 
0.45

 
(37
)
  
Capital Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET 1 risk-based capital ratio (8)
 
12.54
%
 
%
 

bps
 
12.54
%
 
%
 

bps
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (8)
 
13.15

 
14.42

 
(127
)
 
 
13.15

 
14.42

 
(127
)
 
Total risk-based capital ratio (8)
 
14.15

 
15.36

 
(121
)
 
 
14.15

 
15.36

 
(121
)
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio (8)
 
7.95

 
8.74

 
(79
)
  
 
7.95

 
8.74

 
(79
)
  
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1) (9)
 
7.58

 
8.02

 
(44
)
  
 
7.58

 
8.02

 
(44
)
  
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets (1) (8) (9)
 
12.81

 
14.49

 
(168
)
  
 
12.81

 
14.49

 
(168
)
  
Bank CET 1 risk-based capital ratio (8)
 
12.87

 

 

 
 
12.87

 

 

 
Bank tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (8)
 
12.87

 
12.45

 
42

  
 
12.87

 
12.45

 
42

  
Bank total risk-based capital ratio (8)
 
13.93

 
13.41

 
52

  
 
13.93

 
13.41

 
52

  
Bank tier 1 leverage ratio (8)
 
7.39

 
7.51

 
(12
)
  
 
7.39

 
7.51

 
(12
)
  
Bank tangible common equity to tangible assets (1) (9)
 
7.40

 
7.21

 
19

  
 
7.40

 
7.21

 
19

  
Bank tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets (1) (8) (9)
 
13.16

 
12.62

 
54

  
 
13.16

 
12.62

 
54

  
Other Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP operating efficiency ratio (1) (10)
 
52.45
%
 
77.99
%
 
(32.7
)
 
52.51
%
 
47.04
%
 
11.6

Non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio (1) (3)
 
53.57

 
64.99

 
(17.6
)
  
 
54.06

 
57.85

 
(6.6
)
  
Book value per common share (1) (11)
 
$
59.29

 
$
52.69

 
12.5

  
 
$
59.29

 
$
52.69

 
12.5

  
Other Statistics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average full-time equivalent employees
 
1,959

 
1,768

 
10.8

 
1,957

 
1,751

 
11.8

Period-end full-time equivalent employees
 
1,964

 
1,786

 
10.0

  
 
1,964

 
1,786

 
10.0

  

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NM - Not meaningful
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(2)
Effective January 1, 2015, we adopted new accounting guidance related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02); amounts prior to the adoption have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(3)
See “Results of Operations–Noninterest Income” for a description and reconciliation of non-GAAP core fee income and noninterest income.
(4)
See “Results of Operations–Noninterest Expense” for a description and reconciliation of non-GAAP noninterest expense and non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio.
(5)
Effective June 1, 2014, we re-designated securities with a carrying value of $5.4 billion from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity.
(6)
Ratio represents annualized consolidated net income available to common stockholders divided by quarterly average assets.
(7)
Ratio represents annualized consolidated net income available to common stockholders divided by quarterly average SVBFG stockholders’ equity.
(8)
Ratios as of June 30, 2015 reflect the adoption of the rules implementing the "Basel III" regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act ("Basel III Capital Rules") in effect beginning January 1, 2015. Ratios for prior periods represent the previous capital rules under Basel I.
(9)
See “Capital Resources–Capital Ratios” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP tangible common equity to tangible assets and tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets.
(10)
The operating efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing total noninterest expense by total taxable-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income.
(11)
Book value per common share is calculated by dividing total SVBFG stockholders’ equity by total outstanding common shares at period-end.
For more information with respect to our capital ratios, please refer to “Capital Ratios” under “Consolidated Financial Condition-Capital Ratios” below.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The accompanying management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition is based upon our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Management bases its estimates on historical experiences and various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Our accounting policy relating to income taxes was impacted by the adoption of ASU-2014-01 (Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects). Upon the adoption of ASU 2014-01, we elected to use the proportional amortization method to account for our investments in affordable housing projects and have applied this election retrospectively. As a result, all prior period deferred tax assets related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects were written off as the tax credit fund amortization expense for those investments is no longer classified as a temporary difference and is included in the estimate for the provision for income taxes. The impact of this change resulted in a higher effective tax rate.
There have been no other significant changes during the six months ended June 30, 2015 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under Part II, Item 7 of our 2014 Form 10-K.
Results of Operations
Net Interest Income and Margin (Fully Taxable Equivalent Basis)
Net interest income is defined as the difference between interest earned on loans, fixed income investment portfolio (available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities), short-term investment securities and interest paid on funding sources. Net interest income is our principal source of revenue. Net interest margin is defined as the amount of annualized net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Net interest income and net interest margin are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis to consistently reflect income from taxable loans and securities and tax-exempt securities based on the federal statutory tax rate of 35 percent.
Analysis of Net Interest Income Changes Due to Volume and Rate (Fully Taxable Equivalent Basis)
Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “volume change.” Net interest income is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “rate change.” The following table sets forth changes in interest income for each major category of interest-earning assets and interest expense for each major category of interest-bearing liabilities. The table also reflects the amount of simultaneous changes attributable to both volume and rate changes for the

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periods indicated. For this table, changes that are not solely due to either volume or rate are allocated in proportion to the percentage changes in average volume and average rate.
 
 
2015 Compared to 2014
 
2015 Compared to 2014
 
 
Three months ended June 30, increase (decrease) due to change in
 
Six months ended June 30, increase (decrease) due to change in
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
 
Volume
 
Rate
 
Total
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal Reserve deposits, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, trade receivables purchased and other short-term investment securities
 
$
(671
)
 
$
48

 
$
(623
)
 
$
(1,472
)
 
$
482

 
$
(990
)
Fixed income investment portfolio (taxable)
 
20,417

 
772

 
21,189

 
48,657

 
(614
)
 
48,043

Fixed income investment portfolio (non-taxable)
 
(28
)
 
(52
)
 
(80
)
 
(3
)
 
(114
)
 
(117
)
Loans, net of unearned income
 
37,843

 
(18,271
)
 
19,572

 
76,479

 
(39,578
)
 
36,901

Increase (decrease) in interest income, net
 
57,561

 
(17,503
)
 
40,058

 
123,661

 
(39,824
)
 
83,837

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW deposits
 
16

 
(123
)
 
(107
)
 
56

 
(175
)
 
(119
)
Money market deposits
 
103

 
(1,755
)
 
(1,652
)
 
421

 
(2,953
)
 
(2,532
)
Money market deposits in foreign offices
 
(2
)
 
(18
)
 
(20
)
 

 
(46
)
 
(46
)
Time deposits
 
(23
)
 
(31
)
 
(54
)
 
(55
)
 
(39
)
 
(94
)
Sweep deposits in foreign offices
 
(17
)
 
(36
)
 
(53
)
 
30

 
(86
)
 
(56
)
Total increase (decrease) in deposits expense
 
77

 
(1,963
)
 
(1,886
)
 
452

 
(3,299
)
 
(2,847
)
Short-term borrowings
 
13

 

 
13

 
25

 

 
25

3.50% Senior Notes
 
3,137

 

 
3,137

 
5,263

 

 
5,263

5.375% Senior Notes
 
2

 
5

 
7

 
6

 
8

 
14

Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
(2
)
 
(13
)
 
(15
)
 
(5
)
 
(17
)
 
(22
)
6.05% Subordinated Notes
 
(4
)
 
27

 
23

 
(9
)
 
50

 
41

Total increase in borrowings expense
 
3,146

 
19

 
3,165

 
5,280

 
41

 
5,321

Increase (decrease) in interest expense, net
 
3,223

 
(1,944
)
 
1,279

 
5,732

 
(3,258
)
 
2,474

Increase (decrease) in net interest income
 
$
54,338

 
$
(15,559
)
 
$
38,779

 
$
117,929

 
$
(36,566
)
 
$
81,363

Net Interest Income (Fully Taxable Equivalent Basis)
Three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
Net interest income increased by $38.8 million to $244.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $205.4 million for the comparable 2014 period. Overall, we saw an increase in our net interest income primarily from increased interest earned on our fixed income investments reflective of higher average fixed income investment balances due to our strong deposit growth, as well as from an increase in average loan balances. These increases were partially offset by a shift in the mix of our private equity/venture capital and Private Bank loans. Our loan yields were also impacted by the overall low market rate environment and continued competition in the marketplace.
The main factors affecting interest income and interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the comparable 2014 period are discussed below:
Interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $40.1 million primarily due to:
A $21.1 million increase in interest income on investment securities to $85.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $64.6 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase was reflective of an increase in average investment securities balances of $6.2 billion as a result of deposit growth, as well as through reinvestments of maturing fixed income investments.
A $19.6 million increase in interest income on loans to $167.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $147.7 million for the comparable 2014 period. This increase was reflective of an increase in average loan balances of $3.2 billion, partially offset by a decrease in both gross loan and loan fee yields. Gross loan yields, excluding loan interest recoveries and loan fees, decreased to 4.01 percent from 4.49 percent,

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reflective of a shift in the mix of our overall loan portfolio from the second quarter of 2014. This shift primarily includes increased growth in private equity/venture capital and private bank loans, which tend to be higher credit quality, lower yielding loans. The overall low market rate environment and increased competition also continued to put pressure on loan yields. Loan fee yields decreased 11 basis points to 66 basis points, from 77 basis points in the comparable 2014 period. This decrease was a result of lower amortizing fee income as a percentage of our overall loan portfolio, primarily reflective of the growth of our private equity/venture capital and private bank loans, which tend to have lower fees.
Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2015 increased to $10.2 million, compared to $8.9 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in interest expense was primarily attributable to the increase in long-term debt interest expense of $3.1 million reflective of the $350.0 million issuance of our 3.50% Senior Notes in late January 2015, partially offset by a decrease of $1.9 million in interest paid on our interest-bearing deposits as a result of market rate adjustments.
Six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
Net interest income increased by $81.4 million to $483.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $402.1 million for the comparable 2014 period. Overall, we saw an increase in our net interest income primarily due to higher average loan balances and growth in our available-for-sale securities portfolio, which has increased as a result of our continued growth in deposits. These increases were partially offset by lower yields earned on our loans and fixed income investment portfolio.
The main factors affecting interest income and interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to the comparable 2014 period are discussed below:
Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $83.8 million primarily due to:
A $47.9 million increase in interest income on investment securities with the majority of the increase due to a $7.6 billion increase in average balances due to strong deposit growth. Interest income was offset by a decrease in the overall yield of our fixed income investment portfolio, which decreased 18 basis points to 1.59 percent. The decrease in the fixed income investment portfolio yield was offset by a 11 basis point benefit from lower premium amortization expense, driven by a slowdown in prepayments as a result of increases in market rates.
A $36.9 million increase in interest income on loans, primarily due to an increase in average loan balances of $3.3 billion. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in both gross loan and loan fee yields. Gross loan yields, excluding loan interest recoveries and loan fees, decreased to 4.05 percent from 4.53 percent, reflective of a shift in the mix of our overall loan portfolio from the first half of 2014. This shift primarily includes increased growth in private equity/venture capital and private bank loans, which tend to be higher credit quality, lower yielding loans. The overall low market rate environment and increased competition also continued to put pressure on loan yields. Loan fee yields decreased 18 basis points to 66 basis points, from 84 basis points in the comparable 2014 period. This decrease was a result of lower amortizing fee income as a percentage of our overall loan portfolio, primarily reflective of the growth of our private equity/venture capital and private bank loans which tend to have lower fees.
Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2015 increased by $2.5 million primarily due to:
An increase in interest expense of $5.3 million related to our long-term debt, reflective of the $350.0 million issuance of our 3.50% Senior Notes in late January 2015.
A decrease in interest expense from interest-bearing deposits of $2.8 million, primarily due to decreases in rates paid on interest-bearing money market deposits as a result of market rate adjustments.
Net Interest Margin (Fully Taxable Equivalent Basis)
Our net interest margin decreased by 21 basis points to 2.58 percent for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 2.79 percent for the comparable 2014 period.
Our net interest margin decreased to 2.61 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 2.95 percent for the comparable 2014 period.
The decrease in our net interest margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, was primarily reflective of the decrease in gross loan yields as outlined above.

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Average Balances, Yields and Rates Paid (Fully Taxable Equivalent Basis)
The average yield earned on interest-earning assets is the amount of annualized fully taxable equivalent interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. The average rate paid on funding sources is the amount of annualized interest expense expressed as a percentage of average funding sources. The following tables set forth average assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and SVBFG stockholders’ equity, interest income, interest expense, annualized yields and rates, and the composition of our annualized net interest margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:

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Average Balances, Rates and Yields for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Yield/
Rate
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal Reserve deposits, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and other short-term investment securities (1)
 
$
2,128,460

 
$
1,320

 
0.25
%
 
$
3,210,218

 
$
1,943

 
0.24
%
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities: (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
13,797,718

 
46,698

 
1.36

 
13,342,544

 
53,915

 
1.62

Non-taxable (3)
 

 

 

 
54,721

 
815

 
5.97

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
7,558,646

 
37,915

 
2.01

 
1,765,204

 
9,509

 
2.16

Non-taxable (3)
 
81,144

 
1,141

 
5.64

 
28,494

 
406

 
5.72

Total loans, net of unearned income (4) (5)
 
14,320,875

 
167,252

 
4.68

 
11,080,602

 
147,680

 
5.35

Total interest-earning assets
 
37,886,843

 
254,326

 
2.69

 
29,481,783

 
214,268

 
2.91

Cash and due from banks
 
316,577

 
 
 
 
 
60,373

 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
(180,130
)
 
 
 
 
 
(128,465
)
 
 
 
 
Other assets (6)
 
1,424,733

 
 
 
 
 
2,331,939

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
39,448,023

 
 
 
 
 
$
31,745,630

 
 
 
 
Funding sources:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW deposits
 
$
230,891

 
$
48

 
0.08
%
 
$
159,316

 
$
155

 
0.39
%
Money market deposits
 
6,034,187

 
909

 
0.06

 
5,338,785

 
2,561

 
0.19

Money market deposits in foreign offices
 
188,399

 
18

 
0.04

 
201,821

 
38

 
0.08

Time deposits
 
93,387

 
38

 
0.16

 
150,731

 
92

 
0.24

Sweep deposits in foreign offices
 
1,685,870

 
169

 
0.04

 
1,853,930

 
222

 
0.05

Total interest-bearing deposits
 
8,232,734

 
1,182

 
0.06

 
7,704,583

 
3,068

 
0.16

Short-term borrowings
 
26,345

 
13

 
0.20

 
4,554

 

 

3.50% Senior Notes
 
349,712

 
3,137

 
3.60

 

 

 

5.375% Senior Notes
 
348,515

 
4,837

 
5.57

 
348,284

 
4,830

 
5.56

Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
54,787

 
833

 
6.10

 
54,962

 
848

 
6.19

6.05% Subordinated Notes
 
49,757

 
153

 
1.23

 
51,470

 
130

 
1.01

Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
9,061,850

 
10,155

 
0.45

 
8,163,853

 
8,876

 
0.44

Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
 
28,824,993

 
 
 
 
 
21,317,930

 
 
 
 
Total funding sources
 
37,886,843

 
10,155

 
0.11

 
29,481,783

 
8,876

 
0.12

Noninterest-bearing funding sources:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
 
26,723,333

 
 
 
 
 
19,472,542

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
 
490,847

 
 
 
 
 
398,492

 
 
 
 
SVBFG stockholders’ equity
 
3,031,699

 
 
 
 
 
2,397,386

 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
140,294

 
 
 
 
 
1,313,357

 
 
 
 
Portion used to fund interest-earning assets
 
(28,824,993
)
 
 
 
 
 
(21,317,930
)
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interest, and SVBFG stockholders’ equity
 
$
39,448,023

 
 
 
 
 
$
31,745,630

 
 
 
 
Net interest income and margin
 
 
 
$
244,171

 
2.58
%
 
 
 
$
205,392

 
2.79
%
Total deposits
 
$
34,956,067

 
 
 
 
 
$
27,177,125

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation to reported net interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis
 
 
 
(400
)
 
 
 
 
 
(427
)
 
 
Net interest income, as reported
 
 
 
$
243,771

 
 
 
 
 
$
204,965

 
 
 
 
(1)
Includes average interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions of $445 million and $342 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, balances also include $1.6 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, deposited at the Federal Reserve Bank, earning interest at the Federal Funds target rate.
(2)
Yields on available-for-sale securities are based on amortized cost, and therefore do not give effect to unrealized changes in fair value that are reflected in other comprehensive income.
(3)
Interest income on non-taxable investment securities are presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using the federal statutory income tax rate of 35.0 percent for all periods presented.
(4)
Nonaccrual loans are reflected in the average balances of loans.

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(5)
Interest income includes loan fees of $23.7 million and $21.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(6)
Average investment securities of $0.8 billion and $1.8 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were classified as other assets as they were noninterest-earning assets. These investments primarily consisted of non-marketable and other securities. During the second quarter of 2015 we adopted new accounting guidance related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02) under a modified retrospective approach. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
Average Balances, Rates and Yields for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2015
 
2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Yield/
Rate
 
Average
Balance
 
Interest
Income/
Expense
 
Yield/
Rate
Interest-earning assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal Reserve deposits, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and other short-term investment securities (1)
 
$
1,815,912

 
$
2,589

 
0.29
%
 
$
2,848,215

 
$
3,579

 
0.25
%
Available-for-sale securities: (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
13,685,091

 
90,707

 
1.34

 
12,758,090

 
108,335

 
1.71

Non-taxable (3)
 

 

 

 
68,177

 
2,040

 
6.03

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Taxable
 
7,522,605

 
75,180

 
2.02

 
887,478

 
9,509

 
2.16

Non-taxable (3)
 
82,361

 
2,329

 
5.70

 
14,326

 
406

 
5.71

Total loans, net of unearned income (4) (5)
 
14,185,333

 
332,753

 
4.73

 
10,925,007

 
295,852

 
5.46

Total interest-earning assets
 
37,291,302

 
503,558

 
2.72

 
27,501,293

 
419,721

 
3.08

Cash and due from banks
 
278,453

 
 
 
 
 
161,862

 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
(175,700
)
 
 
 
 
 
(134,734
)
 
 
 
 
Other assets (5)
 
1,446,153

 
 
 
 
 
2,239,200

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
38,840,208

 
 
 
 
 
$
29,767,621

 
 
 
 
Funding sources:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOW deposits
 
$
229,718

 
$
172

 
0.15
%
 
$
155,050

 
$
291

 
0.38
%
Money market deposits
 
5,995,766

 
2,441

 
0.08

 
4,962,911

 
4,973

 
0.20

Money market deposits in foreign offices
 
197,898

 
38

 
0.04

 
196,796

 
84

 
0.09

Time deposits
 
102,154

 
98

 
0.19

 
159,343

 
192

 
0.24

Sweep deposits in foreign offices
 
1,933,967

 
376

 
0.04

 
1,778,665

 
432

 
0.05

Total interest-bearing deposits
 
8,459,503

 
3,125

 
0.07

 
7,252,765

 
5,972

 
0.17

Short-term borrowings
 
34,934

 
25

 
0.14

 
4,768

 

 

3.5% Senior Notes
 
295,611

 
5,263

 
3.59

 

 

 

5.375% Senior Notes
 
348,486

 
9,672

 
5.60

 
348,256

 
9,658

 
5.59

Junior Subordinated Debentures
 
54,808

 
1,665

 
6.13

 
54,984

 
1,687

 
6.19

6.05% Subordinated Notes
 
49,944

 
296

 
1.20

 
51,717

 
255

 
0.99

Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
9,243,286

 
20,046

 
0.44

 
7,712,490

 
17,572

 
0.46

Portion of noninterest-bearing funding sources
 
28,048,016

 
 
 
 
 
19,788,803

 
 
 
 
Total funding sources
 
37,291,302

 
20,046

 
0.11

 
27,501,293

 
17,572

 
0.13

Noninterest-bearing funding sources:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits
 
25,952,670

 
 
 
 
 
18,183,692

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
 
531,067

 
 
 
 
 
397,354

 
 
 
 
SVBFG stockholders’ equity
 
2,966,378

 
 
 
 
 
2,249,425

 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
146,807

 
 
 
 
 
1,224,660

 
 
 
 
Portion used to fund interest-earning assets
 
(28,048,016
)
 
 
 
 
 
(19,788,803
)
 
 
 
 
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interest, and SVBFG stockholders’ equity
 
$
38,840,208

 
 
 
 
 
$
29,767,621

 
 
 
 
Net interest income and margin
 
 
 
$
483,512

 
2.61
%
 
 
 
$
402,149

 
2.95
%
Total deposits
 
$
34,412,173

 
 
 
 
 
$
25,436,457

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation to reported net interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis
 
 
 
(816
)
 
 
 
 
 
(856
)
 
 
Net interest income, as reported
 
 
 
$
482,696

 
 
 
 
 
$
401,293

 
 
 
 
(1)
Includes average interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions of $477 million and $330 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, balances also include $1.3 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively, deposited at the FRB, earning interest at the Federal Funds target rate.

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(2)
Yields on available-for-sale securities are based on amortized cost, and therefore do not give effect to unrealized changes in fair value that are reflected in other comprehensive income.
(3)
Interest income on non-taxable available-for-sale securities is presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis using the federal statutory income tax rate of 35.0 percent for all periods presented.
(4)
Nonaccrual loans are reflected in the average balances of loans.
(5)
Interest income includes loan fees of $46.7 million and $45.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
(6)
Average investment securities of $1.2 billion and $1.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were classified as other assets as they were noninterest-earning assets. These investments primarily consisted of non-marketable securities. During the second quarter of 2015 we adopted new accounting guidance related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02) under a modified retrospective approach. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
Provision for Loan Losses
Our provision for loan losses is based on our evaluation of the existing allowance for loan losses in relation to total gross loans using historical and other objective information, and on our qualitative assessment of the inherent and identified credit risks of the loan portfolio. The following table summarizes our allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance
 
$
167,875

 
$
123,542

 
$
165,359

 
$
142,886

Provision for loan losses
 
26,513

 
1,947

 
32,965

 
2,441

Gross loan charge-offs
 
(4,734
)
 
(6,382
)
 
(10,221
)
 
(27,532
)
Loan recoveries
 
2,990

 
1,621

 
4,541

 
2,933

Allowance for loan losses, ending balance
 
$
192,644

 
$
120,728

 
$
192,644

 
$
120,728

Provision for loan losses as a percentage of period-end total gross loans (annualized)
 
0.74
%
 
0.07
%
 
0.46
%
 
0.04
%
Gross loan charge-offs as a percentage of average total gross loans (annualized)
 
0.13

 
0.23

 
0.14

 
0.50

Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of average total gross loans (annualized)
 
0.05

 
0.17

 
0.08

 
0.45

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of period-end total gross loans
 
1.34

 
1.06

 
1.34

 
1.06

Period-end total gross loans
 
$
14,370,930

 
$
11,437,300

 
$
14,370,930

 
$
11,437,300

Average total gross loans
 
14,427,039

 
11,166,021

 
14,289,662

 
11,010,328

Three months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
Our provision for loan losses was $26.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to a provision of $1.9 million for the comparable 2014 period. The provision of $26.5 million was primarily driven by an increase of $27.1 million in the reserve for impaired loans and $1.7 million in net charge-offs, offset by a $2.4 million reduction due to the decrease in period-end loan balances. The increase in the reserve for impaired loans was primarily reflective of two newly impaired software and internet loans, resulting in specific reserves of $21.1 million. The provision of $1.9 million for the second quarter of 2014 was primarily driven by $5.3 million from period-end loan growth and $4.8 million in net charge-offs, offset by a reserve release of $6.0 million due to the improvement of the credit quality of our overall loan portfolio and a $2.1 million decrease in the reserve for impaired loans resulting from a decrease in impaired loan balances from repayments and charge-offs.
Gross loan charge-offs of $4.7 million for the second quarter of 2015 primarily came from an early-stage client loan within our life science and healthcare loan portfolio.
Net loan charge-offs of $1.7 million represented 0.05 percent of average total gross loans, compared to net charge-offs of $4.8 million, or 0.17 percent of average total gross loans for the comparable 2014 period.
Six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
Our provision for loan losses was $33.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to a provision of $2.4 million for the comparable 2014 period. The provision of $33.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by an increase of $35.8 million in the reserve for impaired loans and $5.7 million for net charge-offs. These increases were offset by a decrease of $8.5 million in the reserve due to the improvement in the credit quality of our performing loans and a decrease in period-end loan balances. The provision of $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 was primarily due

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to $24.6 million of net charge-offs and $5.2 million from period-end loan growth, offset by a $16.6 million decrease in the reserve for impaired loans resulting from a decrease in impaired loan balances from repayments and charge-offs and a reserve release of $10.8 million due to the improvement of the credit quality of our overall loan portfolio.
Gross loan charge-offs of $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 primarily came from our hardware and life science and healthcare loan portfolios. Net loan charge-offs of $5.7 million represented 0.08 percent of average total gross loans, compared to net charge offs of $24.6 million, or 0.45 percent of average total gross loans for the comparable 2014 period.
See “Consolidated Financial Condition—Credit Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses” below and Note 7—“Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for further details on our allowance for loan losses.
Noninterest Income
A summary of noninterest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Non-GAAP core fee income (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange fees
 
$
22,364

 
$
17,928

 
24.7
 %
 
$
40,042

 
$
35,124

 
14.0
 %
Credit card fees
 
14,215

 
10,249

 
38.7

 
26,305

 
20,531

 
28.1

Deposit service charges
 
11,301

 
9,611

 
17.6

 
22,037

 
19,218

 
14.7

Lending related fees
 
8,163

 
5,876

 
38.9

 
16,185

 
12,179

 
32.9

Letters of credit and standby letters of credit fees
 
4,772

 
2,810

 
69.8

 
9,974

 
6,950

 
43.5

Client investment fees
 
5,264

 
3,519

 
49.6

 
9,746

 
6,937

 
40.5

Total non-GAAP core fee income
 
66,079

 
49,993

 
32.2

 
124,289

 
100,939

 
23.1

Gains (losses) on investment securities, net (2)
 
24,975

 
(57,320
)
 
(143.6
)
 
58,238

 
166,592

 
(65.0
)
Gains on derivative instruments, net
 
16,317

 
12,775

 
27.7

 
56,046

 
36,942

 
51.7

Other
 
18,916

 
8,762

 
115.9

 
11,238

 
19,962

 
(43.7
)
GAAP noninterest income
 
$
126,287

 
$
14,210

 
NM

 
$
249,811

 
$
324,435

 
(23.0
)
 
NM—Not meaningful
(1)
This non-GAAP measure represents noninterest income, but excludes certain line items where performance is typically subject to market or other conditions beyond our control.
(2)
Amount for the six months ended June 30, 2015, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amount prior to January 1, 2015 has not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

Included in net income is income and expense attributable to noncontrolling interests. We recognize, as part of our investment funds management business through SVB Capital, the entire income or loss from funds consolidated in accordance with ASC Topic 810 as discussed in Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report. We are required under GAAP to consolidate 100% of the results of these entities, even though we may own less than 100% of such entities. The relevant amounts attributable to investors other than us are reflected under “Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests” on our statements of income. Where applicable, the non-GAAP tables presented below for noninterest income and net gains on investment securities exclude noncontrolling interests. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that represent income attributable to investors other than us and our subsidiaries. Our management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our operating results and when planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods. However, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or preferable to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

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The following table provides a summary of non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of  noncontrolling interests (Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015 (1)
 
2014
 
% Change
GAAP noninterest income (as reported)
 
$
126,287


$
14,210

 
NM

 
$
249,811


$
324,435

 
(23.0
)%
Less: income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, including carried interest
 
8,556

 
(35,325
)
 
(124.2
)
 
22,720

 
151,393

 
(85.0
)
Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
117,731

 
$
49,535

 
137.7

 
$
227,091

 
$
173,042

 
31.2

 
NM—Not meaningful
(1)
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2015, have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities, Net
Net gains on investment securities include both gains and losses from our non-marketable and other securities, as well as gains and losses from sales of our available-for-sale securities portfolio, when applicable.
Our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities portfolios are primarily fixed income investment portfolios that are managed with the objective of earning an appropriate portfolio yield over the long-term while maintaining sufficient liquidity and credit diversification as well as addressing our asset/liability management objectives. Sales of equity securities held as a result of our exercised warrants, result in net gains or losses on investment securities. These sales are conducted pursuant to the guidelines of our investment policy related to the management of our liquidity position and interest rate risk. Though infrequent, sales of investment securities in our fixed income portfolio may result in net gains or losses and are also conducted pursuant to the guidelines of our investment policy.
Our non-marketable and other securities portfolio primarily represents investments in venture capital and private equity funds, venture debt funds and private and public portfolio companies. We experience variability in the performance of our non-marketable and other securities from quarter to quarter, which results in net gains or losses on investment securities (both realized and unrealized). This variability is due to a number of factors, including unrealized changes in the values of our investments, changes in the amount of realized gains from distributions, changes in liquidity events and general economic and market conditions. Unrealized gains from non-marketable and other securities for any single period are typically driven by valuation changes, and are therefore subject to potential increases or decreases in future periods. Such variability may lead to volatility in the gains from investment securities and as such our results for a particular period are not necessarily indicative of our expected performance in a future period.
The extent to which any unrealized gains will become realized is subject to a variety of factors, including, among other things, the expiration of certain sales restrictions to which these equity securities may be subject to (i.e. lock-up agreements), changes in prevailing market prices, market conditions, the actual sales or distributions of securities, the timing of such actual sales or distributions, which, to the extent such securities are managed by our managed funds, are subject to our funds' separate discretionary sales/distributions and governance processes.
For the three months ended June 30, 2015, we had net gains on investment securities of $25.0 million, compared to net losses of $57.3 million for the comparable 2014 period. Net gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests, were $15.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net losses of $22.1 million, which were mainly due to the decrease in the public company stock price of FireEye, for the comparable 2014 period.
Net gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests, of $15.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily driven by the following:
Gains of $9.5 million from our strategic and other investments, primarily driven by strong distributions from our strategic venture capital fund investments; and
Gains of $5.4 million from our managed funds of funds, primarily related to unrealized valuation adjustments.

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For the six months ended June 30, 2015, we had net gains on investment securities of $58.2 million, compared to $166.6 million for the comparable 2014 period. Net gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests, were $35.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net gains of $15.3 million for the comparable 2014 period.
The gains, net of noncontrolling interests, of $35.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily driven by the following:
Gains of $16.9 million from our strategic and other investments, primarily driven by distributions from strategic venture capital fund investments;
Gains of $8.9 million from our managed funds of funds, primarily related to unrealized valuation increases; and
Gains of $5.4 million from our managed direct venture funds, primarily related to realized gains from distributions of investments, including the remaining shares held in FireEye, Inc. ("FireEye"), as well as unrealized valuation increases.

The following tables provide a summary of non-GAAP net gains (losses) on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Managed
Funds of
Funds
 
Managed
Direct
Venture
Funds
 
Debt
Funds
 
Available-
For-Sale
Securities
 
Strategic
and Other
Investments
 
Total
Three months ended June 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gains on investment securities, net
 
$
14,281

 
$
869

 
$
183

 
$
141

 
$
9,501

 
$
24,975

Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interests, including carried interest
 
8,913

 
123

 

 

 

 
9,036

Non-GAAP net gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
5,368

 
$
746

 
$
183

 
$
141

 
$
9,501

 
$
15,939

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total (losses) gains on investment securities, net
 
$
38,478

 
$
(87,548
)
 
$
(356
)
 
$
(16,480
)
 
$
8,586

 
$
(57,320
)
Less: (losses) income attributable to noncontrolling interests, including carried interest
 
35,507

 
(70,746
)
 
(1
)
 

 

 
(35,240
)
Non-GAAP net (loss) gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
2,971

 
$
(16,802
)
 
$
(355
)
 
$
(16,480
)
 
$
8,586

 
$
(22,080
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2015 (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gains on investment securities, net
 
$
24,940

 
$
12,538

 
$
1,099

 
$
2,737

 
$
16,924

 
$
58,238

Less: income attributable to noncontrolling interests, including carried interest
 
16,052

 
7,155

 

 

 

 
23,207

Non-GAAP net gains on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
8,888

 
$
5,383

 
$
1,099

 
$
2,737

 
$
16,924

 
$
35,031

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gains (losses) on investment securities, net
 
$
149,926

 
$
18,154

 
$
2,645

 
$
(16,420
)
 
$
12,287

 
$
166,592

Less: income (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests, including carried interest
 
136,958

 
14,368

 
(14
)
 

 

 
151,312

Non-GAAP net gains (losses) on investment securities, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
12,968

 
$
3,786

 
$
2,659

 
$
(16,420
)
 
$
12,287

 
$
15,280

(1)
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2015, have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.


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Gains on Derivative Instruments, Net
A summary of gains on derivative instruments, net, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
  
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Equity warrant assets (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on exercises, net
 
$
14,584

 
$
3,553

 
NM

 
$
24,190

 
$
21,955

 
10.2
 %
Cancellations and expirations
 
(114
)
 
(429
)
 
(73.4
)
 
(406
)
 
(516
)
 
(21.3
)
Changes in fair value
 
9,146

 
9,205

 
(0.6
)
 
20,110

 
16,263

 
23.7

Net gains on equity warrant assets
 
23,616

 
12,329

 
91.5

 
43,894

 
37,702

 
16.4

(Losses) Gains on foreign exchange forward contracts, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains on client foreign exchange forward contracts, net (2)
 
787

 
170

 
NM

 
280

 
472

 
(40.7
)
(Losses) gains on internal foreign exchange forward contracts, net (3)
 
(8,174
)
 
538

 
NM

 
11,844

 
(491
)
 
NM

Total (losses) gains on foreign exchange forward contracts, net
 
(7,387
)
 
708

 
NM

 
12,124

 
(19
)
 
NM

Changes in fair value of interest rate swaps
 
(11
)
 
(13
)
 
(15.4
)
 
(14
)
 
(25
)
 
(44.0
)
Net losses on other derivatives (4)
 
99

 
(249
)
 
(139.8
)
 
42

 
(716
)
 
(105.9
)
Gains on derivative instruments, net
 
$
16,317

 
$
12,775

 
27.7

 
$
56,046

 
$
36,942

 
51.7

 
 
 
NM—Not meaningful
(1)
At June 30, 2015, we held warrants in 1,587 companies, compared to 1,383 companies at June 30, 2014. The total value of our warrant portfolio was $122.5 million at June 30, 2015 and $88.9 million at June 30, 2014. Of the 1,587 companies, 25 companies made up approximately 36 percent of the fair value of the portfolio at June 30, 2015.
(2)
Represents the net gains for foreign exchange forward contracts executed on behalf of clients, excluding any spread or fees earned in connection with these trades.
(3)
Represents the change in the fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts used to economically reduce our foreign exchange exposure related to certain foreign currency denominated instruments. Refer to revaluation of foreign currency instruments included in the line item "other" within noninterest income for the amount we were able to partially offset.
(4)
Primarily represents the change in fair value of loan conversion options.
Net gains on derivative instruments were $16.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net gains of $12.8 million for the comparable 2014 period. Net gains on derivative instruments were primarily attributable to the following:
Net gains on equity warrant assets of $23.6 million, which consisted of:
Net gains of $14.6 million from the exercise of equity warrant assets for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $3.6 million for the comparable 2014 period. The net gains of $14.6 million were primarily reflective of $13.9 million in gains from the exercise of one company in our public company warrant portfolio.
Net gains of $9.1 million from changes in warrant valuations for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $9.2 million for the comparable 2014 period. The warrant valuation gains were primarily from our private company warrant portfolio.
Net losses of $8.2 million on internal foreign exchange forward contracts used to economically reduce our foreign exchange exposure to foreign currency denominated instruments for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net gains of $0.5 million for the comparable 2014 period. The net losses of $8.2 million were offset by net gains of $8.3 million from the revaluation of foreign currency denominated instruments that are included in the line item "other" within noninterest income as noted below.
Net gains on derivative instruments were $56.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net gains of $36.9 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in net gains on derivative instruments was primarily attributable to the following:

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Net gains on equity warrant assets of $43.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $37.7 million for the comparable 2014 period. The $6.2 million increase was primarily due to net gains of $20.1 million from changes in warrant valuations, compared to $16.3 million for the comparable 2014 period, mainly attributable from our private company warrant portfolio. In addition, the $6.2 million increase came from the exercise of equity warrant assets of $24.2 million, compared to $22.0 million for the comparable 2014 period.
Net gains of $11.8 million on foreign exchange forward contracts hedging certain of our foreign currency denominated instruments for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net losses of $0.5 million for the comparable 2014 period. The gains recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily attributable to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro and Pound Sterling, however, the gains are offset by losses of $11.9 million from the revaluation of foreign currency denominated instruments that are included in the line item "other" within noninterest income as noted below.
Foreign Exchange Fees
Foreign exchange fees were $22.4 million and $40.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $17.9 million and $35.1 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increases were primarily due to several large transactions and increased utilization of foreign currency products by our clients resulting in an increase in the number of trades and commissioned notional volumes, offset by continued pressure on spreads.
Credit Card Fees
Credit card fees were $14.2 million and $26.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $10.2 million and $20.5 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increases reflected increased client utilization of our credit card products and custom payment solutions provided to new and existing clients.
Deposit Service Charges
Deposit service charges were $11.3 million and $22.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $9.6 million and $19.2 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increases were reflective of the increase in the number of deposit clients, as well as increases in transaction volumes and size, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2015.
Lending Related Fees
Lending related fees were $8.2 million and $16.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $5.9 million and $12.2 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increases were primarily due to an increase in unused commitment fees and higher loan syndication fee income, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015. Unused loan commitments increased as our loan commitments available for funding balance increased from $13.6 billion to $15.8 billion. Loan syndication fees were $1.1 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and increased $0.7 million and $1.7 million over the comparable 2014 periods. The increases were a result of increases in syndication activity.
Letters of Credit and Standby letters of Credit Fees
Letters of credit and standby letters of credit fees were $4.8 million and $10.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $2.8 million and $7.0 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increases were primarily driven by increases in deferred fee income reflective of an increase in larger letter of credit issuances during the fourth quarter of 2014.
Client Investment Fees
Client investment fees were $5.3 million and $9.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $3.5 million and $6.9 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increases were reflective of an increase in average client investment funds, partially offset by lower margins earned on certain products due to low rates in the short-term fixed income markets. The increase in average client investment funds driven by our clients’ increased utilization of our off-balance sheet products managed by SVB Asset Management, as well as our cash sweep product. The following table summarizes average client investment funds for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:

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Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Client directed investment assets (1)
 
$
7,847

 
$
7,513

 
4.4
%
 
$
7,432

 
$
7,347

 
1.2
%
Client investment assets under management (2)
 
19,261

 
16,135

 
19.4

 
18,486

 
14,836

 
24.6

Sweep money market funds
 
10,761

 
6,504

 
65.5

 
9,829

 
6,461

 
52.1

Total average client investment funds (3)
 
$
37,869

 
$
30,152

 
25.6

 
$
35,747

 
$
28,644

 
24.8

 
 
(1)
Comprised of mutual funds and Repurchase Agreement Program assets.
(2)
These funds represent investments in third party money market mutual funds and fixed-income securities managed by SVB Asset Management.
(3)
Client investment funds are maintained at third party financial institutions and are not recorded on our balance sheet.
The following table summarizes period-end client investment funds at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
(Dollars in millions)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
% Change
Client directed investment assets
 
$
8,047

 
$
6,158

 
30.7
%
Client investment assets under management
 
20,394

 
18,253

 
11.7

Sweep money market funds
 
11,643

 
7,957

 
46.3

Total period-end client investment funds
 
$
40,084

 
$
32,368

 
23.8

Other Noninterest Income
A summary of other noninterest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Fund management fees
 
$
3,861

 
$
3,559

 
8.5
%
 
$
7,583

 
$
6,314

 
20.1
 %
Service-based fee income
 
2,413

 
2,252

 
7.1

 
4,519

 
4,279

 
5.6

Gains (losses) on revaluation of foreign currency instruments (1)
 
8,306

 
(685
)
 
NM

 
(11,853
)
 
293

 
NM

Other (2) (3)
 
4,336

 
3,636

 
19.3

 
10,989

 
9,076

 
21.1

Total other noninterest income
 
$
18,916

 
$
8,762

 
115.9

 
$
11,238

 
$
19,962

 
(43.7
)
 
 
NM—Not meaningful
(1)
Represents the revaluation of foreign currency denominated financial instruments issued and held by us, primarily loans, deposits and cash. These instruments partially offset the impact of changes in internal foreign exchange forward contracts. Refer to internal foreign exchange forward contracts, net included within gains on derivative instruments as noted above.
(2)
Includes dividends on FHLB/FRB stock, correspondent bank rebate income and other fee income.
(3)
Amount for the six months ended June 30, 2015, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amount prior to January 1, 2015 has not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

Total other noninterest income was $18.9 million and $11.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to income of $8.8 million and $20.0 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increase of $10.1 million and decrease of $8.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, was primarily due to a $8.3 million gain for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and a $11.9 million loss for the six months ended June 30, 2105, from the revaluation of foreign currency instruments. The gains from the revaluation of foreign currency instruments were offset by net losses of $8.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to losses which were offset by net gains of $11.8 million for the comparable periods of 2014, on internal foreign exchange forward contracts economically hedging certain of these instruments, which are included within noninterest income in the line item "gains on derivative instruments" as noted above.


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Noninterest Expense
A summary of noninterest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015

2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Compensation and benefits
 
$
124,915

 
$
99,820

 
25.1
 %
 
$
240,685

 
$
202,327

 
19.0
 %
Professional services
 
18,950

 
21,113

 
(10.2
)
 
37,697

 
42,302

 
(10.9
)
Premises and equipment
 
11,787

 
12,053

 
(2.2
)
 
24,444

 
23,635

 
3.4

Business development and travel
 
9,764

 
9,249

 
5.6

 
20,876

 
19,443

 
7.4

Net occupancy
 
8,149

 
7,680

 
6.1

 
15,462

 
15,000

 
3.1

FDIC and state assessments
 
5,962

 
4,945

 
20.6

 
11,751

 
9,073

 
29.5

Correspondent bank fees
 
3,337

 
3,274

 
1.9

 
6,705

 
6,477

 
3.5

(Reduction of) provision for unfunded credit commitments
 
(3,061
)
 
2,185

 
NM

 
(798
)
 
3,308

 
(124.1
)
Other (1)
 
14,309

 
10,625

 
34.7

 
27,831

 
19,787

 
40.7

Total noninterest expense (1)
 
$
194,112

 
$
170,944

 
13.6

 
$
384,653

 
$
341,352

 
12.7

 
 
NM—Not meaningful
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
Included in noninterest expense is expense attributable to noncontrolling interests. See below for a summary of non-GAAP noninterest expense and non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio, both of which exclude noncontrolling interests.
Non-GAAP Noninterest Expense
We use and report non-GAAP noninterest expense, non-GAAP taxable equivalent revenue and non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio, which excludes noncontrolling interests. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by: (i) excluding certain items that represent expenses attributable to investors other than us and our subsidiaries, or certain items that do not occur every reporting period; or (ii) providing additional information used by management that is not otherwise required by GAAP or other applicable requirements. Our management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our operating results and when planning, forecasting and analyzing future periods. However, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or preferable to, financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. The table below provides a summary of non-GAAP noninterest expense and non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio, both net of noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:

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Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio, net of noncontrolling interests (Dollars in thousands, except ratios)
 
2015

2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
GAAP noninterest expense (1)
 
$
194,112

 
$
170,944

 
13.6
 %
 
$
384,653

 
$
341,352

 
12.7
 %
Less: amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
242

 
5,267

 
(95.4
)
 
534

 
8,588

 
(93.8
)
Non-GAAP noninterest expense, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
193,870

 
$
165,677

 
17.0

 
$
384,119

 
$
332,764

 
15.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP net interest income
 
$
243,771

 
$
204,965

 
18.9

 
$
482,696

 
$
401,293

 
20.3

Adjustments for taxable equivalent basis
 
400

 
427

 
(6.3
)
 
816

 
856

 
(4.7
)
Non-GAAP taxable equivalent net interest income
 
$
244,171

 
$
205,392

 
18.9

 
$
483,512

 
$
402,149

 
20.2

Less: income (losses) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
2

 
(5
)
 
(140.0
)
 
4

 
3

 
33.3

Non-GAAP taxable equivalent net interest income, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
244,169

 
$
205,397

 
18.9

 
$
483,508

 
$
402,146

 
20.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP noninterest income (2)
 
$
126,287

 
$
14,210

 
NM

 
$
249,811

 
$
324,435

 
(23.0
)
Non-GAAP noninterest income, net of noncontrolling interests (2)
 
117,731

 
49,535

 
137.7

 
227,091

 
173,042

 
31.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP total revenue
 
$
370,058

 
$
219,175

 
68.8

 
$
732,507

 
$
725,728

 
0.9

Non-GAAP taxable equivalent revenue, net of noncontrolling interests
 
$
361,900

 
$
254,932

 
42.0

 
$
710,599

 
$
575,188

 
23.5

GAAP operating efficiency ratio
 
52.45
%
 
77.99
%
 
(32.7
)
 
52.51
%
 
47.04
%
 
11.6

Non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio (3)
 
53.57

 
64.99

 
(17.6
)
 
54.06
%
 
57.85
%
 
(6.6
)
 
 
 
NM—Not meaningful
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1.
(2)
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2015, have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(3)
The non-GAAP operating efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing non-GAAP noninterest expense, net of noncontrolling interests, by non-GAAP taxable-equivalent revenue, net of noncontrolling interests.

Compensation and Benefits Expense

The following table provides a summary of our compensation and benefits expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Compensation and benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and wages
 
$
51,648

 
$
45,157

 
14.4
%
 
$
103,073

 
$
89,510

 
15.2
%
Incentive compensation & ESOP
 
39,869

 
27,746

 
43.7

 
68,412

 
54,194

 
26.2

Other employee benefits (1)
 
33,398

 
26,917

 
24.1

 
69,200

 
58,623

 
18.0

Total compensation and benefits
 
$
124,915

 
$
99,820

 
25.1

 
$
240,685

 
$
202,327

 
19.0

Period-end full-time equivalent employees
 
1,964

 
1,786

 
10.0

 
1,964

 
1,786

 
10.0

Average full-time equivalent employees
 
1,959

 
1,768

 
10.8

 
1,957

 
1,751

 
11.8


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(1)
Other employee benefits includes employer payroll taxes, group health and life insurance, share-based compensation, 401(k), warrant and retention program plans, agency fees and other employee related expenses.
Compensation and benefits expense was $124.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $99.8 million for the comparable 2014 period. The key changes in factors affecting compensation and benefits expense were as follows:
An increase of $12.1 million in incentive compensation and ESOP expense, primarily reflective of current expectations for our internal performance targets for 2015.
An increase of $6.5 million in other employee benefits, primarily attributable to an increase of $3.9 million in the warrant incentive program plan expense resulting from gains recorded on our equity warrant assets during the second quarter of 2015. The remaining increases related to various other employee benefits.
An increase of $6.5 million in salaries and wages, primarily due to an increase in the number of average full-time employees ("FTE") . Average FTEs increased by 191 to 1,959 FTEs for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 1,768 FTEs for the comparable 2014 period.
Compensation and benefits expense was $240.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $202.3 million for the comparable 2014 period. The key changes in factors affecting compensation and benefits expense were as follows:
An increase of $14.2 million in incentive compensation and ESOP expense primarily reflective of current expectations for our internal performance targets for 2015.
An increase of $13.6 million in salaries and wages expense, primarily due to an increase in the number of average FTEs, which increased by 206 to 1,957 average FTEs in the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 1,751 average FTEs for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in headcount was primarily to support our product development, operations, sales and advisory functions, as well as to support our commercial banking initiatives.
An increase of $10.6 million in other employee benefits, primarily due to an increase of $5.2 million in the warrant incentive program plan expense resulting from gains recorded on our equity warrant assets during the first half of 2015. The remaining increases related to various other employee benefits, particularly employer payroll taxes, 401(k) expenses, and share-based plan expenses, which in total, contributed to a $5.6 million increase compared to the comparable 2014 period.
Our variable compensation plans primarily consist of our Incentive Compensation Plan, Direct Drive Incentive Compensation Plan, 401(k) and ESOP Plan, Retention Program and Warrant Incentive Plan (see descriptions in our 2014 Form 10-K). Total costs incurred under these plans were $46.8 million and $85.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $30.2 million and $65.0 million for the comparable 2014 periods. These amounts are included in total compensation and benefits expense discussed above.
Professional Services
Professional services expense was $19.0 million and $37.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, respectively, compared to $21.1 million and $42.3 million for the comparable 2014 periods, respectively. Included in professional services expense, in 2014, were management fee expenses of $8.2 million, which decreased $8.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, due to the deconsolidated interests of our unconsolidated VIEs upon adoption of ASU 2015-02. Expenses primarily associated with increased activities supporting our expansion of product offerings, as well as our continued investment into ongoing business and IT infrastructure initiatives increased $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment expense was $11.8 million and $24.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $12.1 million and $23.6 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increase was primarily due to increased spending to enhance and maintain our IT infrastructure.
Business Development and Travel
Business development and travel was $9.8 million and $20.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $9.2 million and $19.4 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increase was primarily due to the increased business development efforts in 2015 to support the growth of our business.

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FDIC and State Assessments
FDIC and state assessments expense was $6.0 million and $11.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $4.9 million and $9.1 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increase was primarily due to the increase of $7.7 billion and $9.1 billion in quarterly and year-to-date average assets, respectively, in 2015.
(Reduction of) Provision for Unfunded Credit Commitments
We recorded a reduction in provision for unfunded credit commitments of $3.1 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to a provision of $2.2 million and $3.3 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The reduction in the reserve for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 is reflective of a change in the composition of our unfunded credit commitment portfolio, which resulted in a decrease in the reserve rate. The provision of $2.2 million and $3.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, were primarily due to growth in total loan commitments available for funding and commercial and standby letters of credit during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.
Other Noninterest Expense
A summary of other noninterest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Lending and other client related processing costs
 
$
3,704

 
$
2,586

 
43.2
 %
 
$
7,253

 
$
4,945

 
46.7
 %
Telephone
 
2,544

 
1,538

 
65.4

 
4,503

 
3,286

 
37.0

Data processing services
 
1,358

 
2,041

 
(33.5
)
 
3,191

 
4,268

 
(25.2
)
Postage and supplies
 
727

 
716

 
1.5

 
1,492

 
1,485

 
0.5

Dues and publications
 
697

 
636

 
9.6

 
1,282

 
1,133

 
13.2

Other (1)
 
5,279

 
3,108

 
69.9

 
10,110

 
4,670

 
116.5

Total other noninterest expense (2)
 
$
14,309

 
$
10,625

 
34.7

 
$
27,831

 
$
19,787

 
40.7

 
 
 
(1)
Amount for the six months ended June 30, 2015, has been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amount prior to January 1, 2015 has not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(2)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
Other noninterest expense was $14.3 million and $27.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $10.6 million and $19.8 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase of $3.7 million and $8.0 million for the three and six month periods were primarily due to increased lending and other client related processing costs and increased marketing expense for advertising/promotion in new and existing markets, included in other.
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Included in net income is income and expense attributable to noncontrolling interests. The relevant amounts allocated to investors in our consolidated subsidiaries, other than us, are reflected under “Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests” on our statements of income.
In the table below, noninterest income consists primarily of investment gains and losses from our consolidated funds. Noninterest expense is primarily related to management fees paid by our managed funds to SVB Financial’s subsidiaries as the funds’ general partners. A summary of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

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Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015 (3)
 
2014
 
% Change
Net interest (income) loss (1)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
5

 
(140.0
)%
 
$
(4
)
 
$
(3
)
 
33.3
 %
Noninterest (income) loss (1)
 
(7,382
)
 
43,961

 
(116.8
)
 
(21,435
)
 
(158,177
)
 
(86.4
)
Noninterest expense (1)
 
242

 
5,267

 
(95.4
)
 
534

 
8,588

 
(93.8
)
Carried interest (loss) income (2)
 
(1,174
)
 
(8,636
)
 
(86.4
)
 
(1,285
)
 
6,784

 
(118.9
)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
$
(8,316
)
 
$
40,597

 
(120.5
)
 
$
(22,190
)
 
$
(142,808
)
 
(84.5
)
 
 
(1)
Represents noncontrolling interests’ share in net interest income, noninterest income and noninterest expense.
(2)
Represents the preferred allocation of income (or change in income) earned by us as the general partner of certain consolidated funds.
(3)
Amounts for the six months ended June 30, 2015, have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the second quarter of 2015 related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02). Amounts prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised for the adoption of this guidance. See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

Three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $8.3 million for the second quarter of 2015, compared to a loss of $40.6 million for the comparable 2014 period. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $8.3 million for the second quarter of 2015 was primarily a result of the following:
Net gains on investment securities (including carried interest) attributable to noncontrolling interests of $9.0 million primarily from gains of $8.9 million from our managed funds of funds mainly due to unrealized gains from valuation increases. See "Results of Operations—Noninterest Income—Gains on Investment Securities, Net".
Noninterest expense of $0.2 million, primarily related to management fees paid by the noncontrolling interests to our subsidiaries that serve as the general partner.

Six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests was $22.2 million for the six months ending June 30, 2015, compared to $142.8 million for the comparable 2014 period. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $22.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily a result of the following:
Net gains on investment securities (including carried interest) attributable to noncontrolling interests of $23.2 million primarily from gains of $16.0 million from our managed funds of funds and gains of $7.2 million from our managed direct venture funds primarily related to valuation increases. See "Results of Operations—Noninterest Income—Gains on Investment Securities, Net".
Noninterest expense of $0.5 million, primarily related to management fees paid by the noncontrolling interests to our subsidiaries that serve as the general partner.

Income Taxes
Our effective income tax expense rate was 39.0 percent and 40.3 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 41.4 percent and 40.7 percent for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014. Results, and the related tax effect, for prior periods were revised to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance in 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01).
The components of our tax rate were consistent for both the 2015 and 2014 periods. The decrease in our effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the recognition of tax benefits during the second quarter of 2015 from net operating loss carryforwards related to a previously disposed business line.

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For prior periods, pursuant to ASU 2014-01, (i) amortization expense related to our low income housing tax credits was reclassified from Other noninterest expense to Income tax expense, (ii) additional amortization, net of the associated tax benefits, was recognized in Income tax expense as a result of our adoption of the proportional amortization method and (iii) net deferred tax assets, related to our low income housing tax investments, were written-off. The cumulative effect to retained earnings as of January 1, 2015 of adopting this guidance was a reduction of $4.7 million, inclusive of a $4.6 million reduction to retained earnings as of January 1, 2014. Our previously reported net income and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ending June 30, 2014 were not materially impacted by the adoption of ASU 2014-01.
Our effective tax rate is calculated by dividing income tax expense by the sum of income before income tax expense and the net income attributable to noncontrolling interests.
Operating Segment Results
We have three segments for which we report our financial information: Global Commercial Bank, SVB Private Bank and SVB Capital.
We report segment information based on the “management” approach, which designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of our reporting segments. Please refer to Note 12—”Segment Reporting” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
The following is our reportable segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014:
Global Commercial Bank
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Net interest income
 
$
203,945

 
$
178,046

 
14.5
 %
 
$
407,753

 
$
353,349

 
15.4
%
Provision for loan losses
 
(25,592
)
 
(1,841
)
 
NM

 
(32,052
)
 
(2,648
)
 
NM

Noninterest income
 
66,031

 
53,027

 
24.5

 
130,720

 
111,662

 
17.1

Noninterest expense
 
(143,459
)
 
(121,827
)
 
17.8

 
(279,741
)
 
(242,533
)
 
15.3

Income before income tax expense
 
$
100,925

 
$
107,405

 
(6.0
)
 
$
226,680

 
$
219,830

 
3.1

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
12,824,661

 
$
9,874,780

 
29.9

 
$
12,777,409

 
$
9,776,913

 
30.7

Total average assets
 
37,544,170

 
29,214,978

 
28.5

 
36,813,121

 
27,403,905

 
34.3

Total average deposits
 
33,714,023

 
26,323,795

 
28.1

 
33,096,854

 
24,610,326

 
34.5

 
 
 
NM—Not meaningful

Three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014
Income before income tax expense from our Global Commercial Bank (“GCB”) decreased to $100.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $107.4 million for the comparable 2014 period. Income before income tax expense was primarily driven by higher net interest income due to average loan growth, offset by a higher provision for loan losses and an increase in noninterest expense. The key components of GCB's performance for the three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the comparable 2014 period are discussed below.
Net interest income from GCB increased by $25.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an $18.2 million increase in loan interest income resulting mainly from an increase in average loan balances, partially offset by lower loan yields. Additionally, GCB had a $13.6 million increase in the FTP earned for deposits due to strong average deposit growth. These increases were partially offset by a $3.3 million decrease in the FTP earned for deposits from decreases in market interest rates.
GCB had a provision for loan losses of $25.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $1.8 million for the comparable 2014 period. The provision of $25.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by an increase in the reserve for impaired loans and net charge-offs. The increase in the reserve for impaired loans was primarily reflective of two new impaired software and internet loans, resulting in specific reserves of $21.1 million.
The provision of $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 was primarily driven from period-end loan growth and net charge-offs, offset by a reserve release due to the improvement of the credit quality of our overall loan portfolio and a

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decrease in the reserve for impaired loans resulting from a decrease in impaired loan balances from repayments and charge-offs.
Noninterest income increased by $13.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily related to higher foreign exchange fees, credit card fees, and letter of credit fees. The increase in foreign exchange fees was a result of continued strong growth in transaction volumes. The increase in credit card fees was primarily reflective of an increase in credit card interchange income as a result of increased client utilization of our credit card products and custom payment solutions provided to new and existing clients. The increase in letter of credit fees was primarily driven by an increase in deferred fee income reflective of an increase in larger letter of credit issuances during the fourth quarter of 2014.
Noninterest expense increased by $21.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits expenses related to our salaries and wages expenses and incentive compensation plan expenses. The increase in our salaries and wages expenses was primarily due to an increase in the average number of FTEs at GCB, which increased by 141 to 1,494 FTEs for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 1,353 FTEs for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in average FTEs was attributable to increases in positions for product development, operational and sales and advisory, as well as to support our commercial banking operations and initiatives. The increase in our incentive compensation plan expenses were primarily related to our strong performance in the second quarter of 2015 and our current expectation that we will exceed our internal performance targets for 2015. Professional services for GCB also increased, primarily due to increased activities to support our expansion of product offerings, as well as our continued investment into ongoing business and IT infrastructure initiatives.
Six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014
Net interest income from our Global Commercial Bank (“GCB”) increased by $54.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in loan interest income resulting mainly from an increase in average loan balances and an increase in the FTP earned for deposits due to deposit growth. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in the FTP earned for deposits from decreases in market interest rates.
We had a provision for loan losses for GCB of $32.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to a provision of $2.6 million for the comparable 2014 period. The provision of $32.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by an increase in the reserve for impaired loans and net charge-offs. The provision for the comparable 2014 period was primarily attributable to net charge-offs and period-end loan growth and offset by a decrease in our reserve for impaired loans due to repayments on impaired loan balances and improvement in the overall credit quality of gross performing loans.
Noninterest income increased by $19.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in credit card fees, foreign exchange fees, lending related fees and letter of credit fees. The increase in credit card fees was primarily reflective of increased client utilization of our credit card products and custom payment solutions provided to new and existing clients. The increase in foreign exchange fees was a result of continued strong growth in transaction volumes. The increase in lending related fees was primarily due to an increase in unused commitment fees associated with an increase in unfunded credit commitments. The increase in letter of credit fees was primarily driven by an increase in deferred fee income reflective of an increase in larger letter of credit issuances during the fourth quarter of 2014.
Noninterest expense increased by $37.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in compensation and benefits expenses related to our salaries and wages expenses and incentive compensation plan expenses. The increase in our salaries and wages expenses was primarily due to an increase in the average number of FTEs at GCB, which increased by 148 to 1,493 FTEs for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to 1,345 FTEs for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in average FTEs was attributable to increases in positions for product development, operational and sales and advisory, as well as to support our commercial banking operations and initiatives. The increase in our incentive compensation plan expenses were primarily related to our strong performance in the first half of 2015 and our current expectation that we will exceed our internal performance targets for 2015. Professional services for GCB also increased primarily due to increased activities to support our expansion of product offerings, as well as our continued investment into ongoing business and IT infrastructure initiatives.

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SVB Private Bank
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Net interest income
 
$
11,109

 
$
9,293

 
19.5
%
 
$
20,832

 
$
16,185

 
28.7
%
(Provision for) reduction of loan losses
 
(921
)
 
(106
)
 
NM

 
(913
)
 
207

 
NM

Noninterest income
 
595

 
356

 
67.1

 
992

 
630

 
57.5

Noninterest expense
 
(3,139
)
 
(2,640
)
 
18.9

 
(5,886
)
 
(5,135
)
 
14.6

Income before income tax expense
 
$
7,644

 
$
6,903

 
10.7

 
$
15,025

 
$
11,887

 
26.4

Total average loans, net of unearned income
 
$
1,542,046

 
$
1,119,503

 
37.7

 
$
1,458,581

 
$
1,084,894

 
34.4

Total average assets
 
2,216,622

 
986,392

 
124.7

 
2,069,903

 
975,740

 
112.1

Total average deposits
 
1,084,632

 
791,261

 
37.1

 
1,167,823

 
768,300

 
52.0

 
 
NM—Not meaningful

Three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014
Net interest income from SVB Private Bank increased by $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in loan interest income resulting from an increase in average loan balances as well as an increase in the FTP earned for deposits due to strong average deposit growth.

Private Bank had a provision for loan losses of $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $0.1 million for the comparable 2014 period. The provision of $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by period-end loan growth.

Six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014
Net interest income from SVB Private Bank increased by $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in loan interest income resulting from an increase in average loan balances as well as an increase in the FTP earned for deposits due to strong average deposit growth.

Private Bank had a provision for loan losses of $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to reduction of provision of $0.2 million for the comparable 2014 period. The provision of $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was primarily driven by period-end loan growth.

Noninterest expense for Private Bank increased by $0.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits expenses related to our incentive compensation plan expenses, which reflects our current expectation that we will exceed our internal performance targets for 2015.

SVB Capital
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
 
2015
 
2014
 
% Change
Net interest income
 
$
1

 
$
29

 
(96.6
)%
 
$
2

 
$
43

 
(95.3
)%
Noninterest income (loss)
 
19,909

 
(3,119
)
 
NM

 
40,587

 
34,553

 
17.5

Noninterest expense
 
(3,704
)
 
(3,144
)
 
17.8

 
(7,190
)
 
(5,779
)
 
24.4

Income (loss) before income tax expense
 
$
16,206

 
$
(6,234
)
 
NM

 
$
33,399

 
$
28,817

 
15.9

Total average assets
 
$
330,016

 
$
342,924

 
(3.8
)
 
$
335,690

 
$
342,451

 
(2.0
)
 

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NM - Not meaningful
SVB Capital’s components of noninterest income primarily include net gains and losses on non-marketable and other securities, carried interest and fund management fees. All components of income before income tax expense discussed below are net of noncontrolling interests.
We experience variability in the performance of SVB Capital from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, including changes in the values of our funds’ underlying investments, changes in the amount of distributions and general economic and market conditions. Such variability may lead to volatility in the gains and losses from investment securities and cause our results to differ from period to period.
Three months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2014
SVB Capital had noninterest income of $19.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to a noninterest loss of $3.1 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in noninterest income was primarily due to gains on investment securities compared to a loss in the second quarter of 2014, which was mainly due to unrealized valuation losses and reductions in carried interest allocations in two of our managed direct venture funds, related to FireEye. SVB Capital’s components of noninterest income primarily include the following:
Net gains on investment securities of $15.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net losses of $6.8 million for the comparable 2014 period. The net gains on investment securities of $15.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily driven by strong distributions from our strategic venture capital fund investments.
Six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014
SVB Capital had noninterest income of $40.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $34.6 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase in noninterest income was primarily due to an increase in gains on investment securities compared to the comparable 2014 period. SVB Capital’s components of noninterest income primarily include the following:
Net gains on investment securities of $30.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to net gains of $27.5 million for the comparable 2014 period. The net gains on investment securities of $30.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 were primarily driven by gains from distributions of investments, including the remaining shares of FireEye common stock in the first quarter of 2015, as well as unrealized valuation increases.
Fund management fees of $7.6 million compared to $6.3 million for the comparable 2014 period. The increase is primarily due to the addition of the Strategic Investors Fund VII Funds in the first quarter of 2015 and Capital Partners III Fund in the second quarter of 2014.
Consolidated Financial Condition
Our total assets, total liabilities and stockholders' equity were $40.2 billion at June 30, 2015 compared to $39.3 billion at December 31, 2014, an increase of $0.9 billion, or 2.3 percent. Below is a summary of the individual components driving the changes in total assets, total liabilities and stockholders' equity.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents totaled $2.6 billion at June 30, 2015, an increase of $0.8 billion, or 46.2 percent, compared to $1.8 billion at December 31, 2014. The increase in cash was primarily reflective of the increase of $1.3 billion in deposits, partially offset by new fixed income investment purchases.
As of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $1.4 billion and $861 million, respectively, of our cash and due from banks was deposited at the Federal Reserve Bank and was earning interest at the Federal Funds target rate, and interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions were $557 million and $440 million, respectively.
Investment Securities
Investment securities totaled $22.9 billion at June 30, 2015, an increase of $0.2 billion, or 0.8 percent, compared to $22.7 billion at December 31, 2014. Our investment securities portfolio consists of an available-for-sale securities portfolio and a held-to-maturity securities portfolio, both of which primarily represent fixed income investments, and a non-marketable and other securities portfolio, which primarily represents investments managed as part of our funds management business. The increase of $0.2 billion was due to a $1.3 billion increase in our fixed income securities portfolio, partially offset by $1.1 billion decrease

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in our non-marketable and other securities portfolio related to the deconsolidated interests of our unconsolidated VIEs upon adoption of ASU 2015-02. The major components of the change are explained below.
Available-for-Sale Securities
Our available-for-sale securities portfolio is a fixed income investment portfolio that is managed to earn an appropriate portfolio yield over the long-term while maintaining sufficient liquidity and credit diversification as well as addressing our asset/liability management objectives. Period-end available-for-sale securities were $14.5 billion at June 30, 2015 compared to $13.5 billion at December 31, 2014, an increase of $1.0 billion, or 7.1 percent. The increase was due to purchases of new available-for-sale securities of $1.7 billion, which were comprised entirely of fixed-rate U.S. Treasury securities and an increase in the fair value of our AFS securities portfolio of $41.6 million as a result of decrease in market interest rates at period-end. The $41.6 million increase in fair value is reflected as a $24.5 million (net of tax) increase in accumulated other comprehensive income. The increase was partially offset by $0.8 billion in scheduled maturities.
Securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair market value with changes in fair market value recorded as unrealized gains or losses in a separate component of shareholders equity.
Held-to-Maturity Securities
Period-end held-to-maturity securities were $7.7 billion at June 30, 2015 compared to $7.4 billion at December 31, 2014, an increase of $0.3 billion, or 4.2 percent. The increase was due to purchases of $1.1 billion, which were primarily comprised of Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") backed securities, partially offset by paydowns and maturities of $0.7 billion.
Securities classified as held-to-maturity are accounted for at cost with no adjustments for changes in fair value. For securities re-designated as held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, the unrealized gains at the date of transfer will continue to be reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity and amortized as mentioned above.
Portfolio duration is a standard measure used to approximate changes in the market value of fixed income instruments due to a change in market interest rates. The measure is an estimate based on the level of current market interest rates, expectations for changes in the path of forward rates and the effect of forward rates on mortgage prepayment speed assumptions. As such, portfolio duration will fluctuate with changes in market interest rates. Changes in portfolio duration are also impacted by changes in the mix of longer versus shorter term-to-maturity securities. At both June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, our estimated fixed income securities portfolio duration was 2.8 years.
Non-Marketable and Other Securities
Our non-marketable and other securities portfolio primarily represents investments in venture capital and private equity funds, debt funds, private and public portfolio companies and investments in qualified affordable housing projects. Included in our non-marketable and other securities carried under fair value accounting are amounts that are attributable to noncontrolling interests. We are required under GAAP to consolidate 100% of these investments that we are deemed to control, even though we may own less than 100% of such entities. See below for a summary of the carrying value (as reported) of non-marketable and other securities compared to the amounts attributable to SVBFG.
Non-marketable and other securities were $0.6 billion at June 30, 2015 compared to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2014, a decrease of $1.1 billion, or 62.6 percent. The decrease was due to the deconsolidation of 16 limited partnership entities as part of our adoption of ASU 2015-02. Non-marketable and other securities, net of noncontrolling interests were $517 million at June 30, 2015 compared to $512 million at December 31, 2014. The following table summarizes the carrying value (as reported) of non-marketable and other securities compared to the amounts attributable to SVBFG (which generally represents the carrying value times our ownership percentage) at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

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June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying value  
(as reported)
 
Amount attributable     
to SVBFG
 
Carrying value  
(as reported)
 
Amount attributable  
to SVBFG
Non-marketable securities (fair value accounting) (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments (2)
 
$
156,730

 
$
44,628

 
$
1,130,882

 
$
84,368

Other venture capital investments (3)
 
3,390

 
363

 
71,204

 
1,823

Other securities (fair value accounting) (4)
 
287

 
62

 
108,251

 
7,802

Non-marketable securities (equity method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
78,574

 
65,389

 

 

Debt funds
 
22,313

 
22,313

 
26,672

 
26,672

Other investments
 
118,406

 
118,406

 
116,002

 
116,002

Non-marketable securities (cost method accounting):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
127,073

 
127,073

 
140,551

 
140,551

Other investments (5)
 
16,189

 
16,189

 
13,423

 
13,423

Investments in qualified affordable housing projects (5)
 
122,544

 
122,544

 
121,155

 
121,155

Total non-marketable and other securities
 
$
645,506

 
$
516,967

 
$
1,728,140

 
$
511,796

 
(1)
During the second quarter of 2015 we adopted new accounting guidance related to our consolidated variable interest entities (ASU 2015-02) under a modified retrospective approach. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1—”Basis of Presentation” and Note 4— "Variable Interest Entities"of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details regarding our non-marketable and other securities.
(2)
The following table shows the amounts of venture capital and private equity fund investments held by the following funds and amounts attributable to SVBFG for each fund at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying value  
(as reported)
 
Amount attributable     
to SVBFG
 
Carrying value  
(as reported)
 
Amount attributable  
to SVBFG
SVB Strategic Investors Fund, LP
 
$
23,283

 
$
2,925

 
$
24,645

 
$
3,096

SVB Strategic Investors Fund II, LP (i)
 

 

 
97,250

 
8,336

SVB Strategic Investors Fund III, LP (i)
 

 

 
269,821

 
15,841

SVB Strategic Investors Fund IV, LP (i)
 

 

 
291,291

 
14,564

Strategic Investors Fund V Funds (i)
 

 

 
226,111

 
350

Strategic Investors Fund VI Funds (i)
 

 

 
89,605

 

SVB Capital Preferred Return Fund, LP
 
62,901

 
13,556

 
62,110

 
13,386

SVB Capital—NT Growth Partners, LP
 
63,728

 
21,330

 
61,973

 
21,006

SVB Capital Partners II, LP (i)
 

 

 
302

 
15

Other private equity fund
 
6,818

 
6,817

 
7,774

 
7,774

Total venture capital and private equity fund investments
 
$
156,730

 
$
44,628

 
$
1,130,882

 
$
84,368

 
(i)
Funds were deconsolidated during the second quarter of 2015 upon adoption of ASU 2015-02 and are now reported under equity method accounting. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1—”Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.


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(3)
The following table shows the amounts of other venture capital investments held by the following funds and amounts attributable to SVBFG for each fund at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Carrying value  
(as reported)
 
Amount
attributable     
to SVBFG
 
Carrying value  
(as reported)
 
Amount
attributable  
to SVBFG
Silicon Valley BancVentures, LP
 
$
3,390

 
$
363

 
$
3,291

 
$
352

SVB Capital Partners II, LP (i)
 

 

 
20,481

 
1,040

Capital Partners III, LP (i)
 

 

 
41,055

 

SVB Capital Shanghai Yangpu Venture Capital Fund (i)
 

 

 
6,377

 
431

Total other venture capital investments
 
$
3,390

 
$
363

 
$
71,204

 
$
1,823

 
(i)
Funds were deconsolidated during the second quarter of 2015 upon adoption of ASU 2015-02 and are now reported under equity method accounting. Periods prior to January 1, 2015 have not been revised. See Note 1—”Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.

(4)
Investments classified as other securities (fair value accounting) represent direct equity investments in public companies held by our consolidated funds. At December 31, 2014, the amount primarily included total unrealized gains in one public company, FireEye, Inc. that were realized during the first quarter of 2015. Funds were deconsolidated during the second quarter of 2015 upon adoption of ASU 2015-02. See Note 1—”Basis of Presentation” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional details.
(5)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1 - "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
Volcker Rule
As discussed in "Business - Supervision and Regulation" under Item 1 of Part I of our 2014 Form 10-K, the “Volcker Rule” under the Dodd-Frank Act restricts, among other things, a bank's proprietary trading activities and a bank's ability to sponsor or invest in certain privately offered funds, including certain venture capital, hedge and private equity funds. On December 10, 2013, the federal bank regulatory agencies, the SEC and the CFTC adopted final regulations implementing the Volcker Rule. The final regulations became effective on April 1, 2014, subject to a conformance timeline pursuant to which affected entities (referred to as "banking entities") are required to bring their activities and investments into conformance with the prohibitions and restrictions of the Volcker Rule and the final regulations thereunder.
Subject to certain exceptions, the Volcker Rule prohibits a banking entity from engaging in “proprietary trading,” which is     defined as engaging as principal for the “trading account” of the banking entity in securities or certain other financial instruments. Certain forms of proprietary trading may qualify as “permitted activities,” and thus not be subject to the ban on proprietary trading, such as market-making related activities, risk-mitigating hedging activities, trading in U.S. government or agency obligations, or certain other U.S. state or municipal obligations, and the obligations of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae. Based on this definition and the exceptions provided under the recently-issued regulations, we do not believe that we engage in any proprietary trading that is prohibited under the Volcker Rule.
Additionally, subject to certain exceptions, the rule prohibits a banking entity from sponsoring or investing in “covered funds,” which includes many venture capital, private equity and hedge funds. One such exception permits a banking entity to sponsor and invest in a covered fund that it organizes and offers to customers, provided that additional requirements are met. These permitted investments generally are limited to three percent of the total ownership interests in each covered fund. In addition, the aggregate investments a banking entity makes in all covered funds generally are limited to three percent of the institution’s Tier 1 capital.
Under the final regulations, the Volcker Rule’s prohibitions and restrictions apply to SVB Financial, the Bank and any affiliate of SVB Financial or the Bank. SVB Financial currently maintains investments in certain venture capital and private equity funds that it did not sponsor; maintains investments in sponsored funds that exceed three percent of each such fund’s total ownership interests; and maintains aggregate investments in all covered funds that may exceed three percent of its Tier 1 capital. SVB Financial (including its affiliates) expects, therefore, that it will be required to reduce the level of its investments in covered funds over time and to forego investment opportunities in certain funds in the future. SVB Financial is generally required by the final rules to come into conformance with the Volcker Rule’s requirements regarding covered funds by July 21, 2016 with respect to

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covered funds in which SVB Financial invested or sponsored as of December 31, 2013. The Federal Reserve Board has indicated that it intends to extend this conformance deadline to July 21, 2017. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board may extend the conformance deadline for up to an additional five years (until July 21, 2022) for investments that are considered illiquid. We intend to seek the maximum extensions (up to July 21, 2022) available to us. However, there is no guarantee that the Federal Reserve Board will grant any of these extensions.
We estimate that our total venture capital and private equity fund investments deemed to be prohibited covered fund interests and therefore subject to the Volcker Rule’s restrictions, had, as of June 30, 2015, an aggregate carrying value of approximately $223 million (and an aggregate fair value of $331 million). These covered fund interests are comprised of interests attributable, solely, to the Company in our consolidated managed funds and certain of our non-marketable securities.
We continue to assess the financial impact of these rules on our fund investments, as well as the impact of other Volcker Rule restrictions on other areas of our business. (See “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of Part I of our 2014 Form 10-K.)

Loans
Loans, net of unearned income decreased by $122.8 million to $14.3 billion at June 30, 2015, compared to $14.4 billion at December 31, 2014. Unearned income was $109.5 million at June 30, 2015 and $104.5 million at December 31, 2014. Total gross loans were $14.4 billion at June 30, 2015, a decrease of $117.8 million, compared to $14.5 billion at December 31, 2014. Period-end loans decreased primarily driven by the repayment of capital call lines during the second quarter of 2015. The breakdown of total gross loans and total loans as a percentage of total gross loans by category is as follows:
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Amount
 
Percentage 
 
Amount
 
Percentage 
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
5,026,076

 
35.0
%
 
$
4,996,246

 
34.5
%
Hardware
 
1,058,436

 
7.4

 
1,140,494

 
7.9

Private equity/venture capital
 
4,023,832

 
28.0

 
4,621,299

 
31.9

Life science & healthcare
 
1,489,055

 
10.4

 
1,300,727

 
9.0

Premium wine
 
192,743

 
1.3

 
189,142

 
1.3

Other
 
256,405

 
1.8

 
236,519

 
1.6

Total commercial loans
 
12,046,547

 
83.9

 
12,484,427

 
86.2

Real estate secured loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premium wine
 
632,626

 
4.4

 
607,507

 
4.2

Consumer
 
1,340,106

 
9.3

 
1,117,661

 
7.7

Other
 
33,583

 
0.2

 
39,983

 
0.3

Total real estate secured loans
 
2,006,315

 
13.9

 
1,765,151

 
12.2

Construction loans
 
91,436

 
0.6

 
78,851

 
0.5

Consumer loans
 
226,632

 
1.6

 
160,337

 
1.1

Total gross loans
 
$
14,370,930

 
100.0

 
$
14,488,766

 
100.0


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Loan Concentration
The following table provides a summary of loans by size and category. The breakout of the categories is based on total client balances (individually or in the aggregate) as of June 30, 2015:
 
 
June 30, 2015
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Less than
Five Million
 
Five to Ten
Million
 
Ten to Twenty
Million
 
 Twenty to Thirty Million
 
Thirty Million or More
 
Total
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
1,345,057

 
$
724,562

 
$
1,313,347

 
$
903,331

 
$
739,779

 
$
5,026,076

Hardware
 
199,964

 
178,836

 
154,653

 
269,405

 
255,578

 
1,058,436

Private equity/venture capital
 
490,766

 
484,195

 
955,314

 
472,906

 
1,620,651

 
4,023,832

Life science & healthcare
 
345,996

 
303,706

 
253,745

 
403,044

 
182,564

 
1,489,055

Premium wine
 
78,434

 
28,650

 
55,477

 
30,182

 

 
192,743

Other
 
92,744

 
24,682

 
41,059

 
28,169

 
69,751

 
256,405

Commercial loans
 
2,552,961

 
1,744,631

 
2,773,595

 
2,107,037

 
2,868,323

 
12,046,547

Real estate secured loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premium wine
 
156,914

 
168,652

 
210,125

 
96,935

 

 
632,626

Consumer
 
1,152,024

 
161,226

 
26,856

 

 

 
1,340,106

Other
 

 

 
11,250

 
22,333

 

 
33,583

Real estate secured loans
 
1,308,938

 
329,878

 
248,231

 
119,268

 

 
2,006,315

Construction loans
 
22,478

 
16,081

 
52,877

 

 

 
91,436

Consumer loans
 
79,624

 
31,993

 
15

 
40,000

 
75,000

 
226,632

Total gross loans
 
$
3,964,001

 
$
2,122,583

 
$
3,074,718

 
$
2,266,305

 
$
2,943,323

 
$
14,370,930


At June 30, 2015, gross loans equal to or greater than $20 million to any single client (individually or in the aggregate) totaled $5.2 billion, or 36.3 percent of our portfolio. These loans represented 155 clients, and of these loans, $63.3 million were on nonaccrual status as of June 30, 2015 compared to $27.5 million as of December 31, 2014. The $35.8 million increase in nonaccrual loans greater than $20 million to any single client was attributable to the impairment of one software and internet loan within our sponsor-led buyout portfolio during the second quarter of 2015.
The following table provides a summary of loans by size and category. The breakout of the categories is based on total client balances (individually or in the aggregate) as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Less than Five Million
 
Five to Ten Million
 
Ten to Twenty Million
 
 Twenty to Thirty Million
 
Thirty Million or More
 
Total
Commercial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Software and internet
 
$
1,214,082

 
$
670,212

 
$
1,174,410

 
$
917,546

 
$
1,019,996

 
$
4,996,246

Hardware
 
204,513

 
226,135

 
240,039

 
146,826

 
322,981

 
1,140,494

Private equity/venture capital
 
426,985

 
445,677

 
677,568

 
568,743

 
2,502,326

 
4,621,299

Life science & healthcare
 
340,214

 
238,585

 
284,618

 
216,805

 
220,505

 
1,300,727

Premium wine (1)
 
77,409

 
38,413

 
45,222

 
28,098

 

 
189,142

Other
 
101,779

 
42,906

 
36,904

 
23,235

 
31,695

 
236,519

Commercial loans
 
2,364,982

 
1,661,928

 
2,458,761

 
1,901,253

 
4,097,503

 
12,484,427

Real estate secured loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Premium wine (1)
 
151,314

 
169,719

 
205,692

 
80,782

 

 
607,507

Consumer loans (2)
 
977,747

 
139,914

 

 

 

 
1,117,661

Other
 

 
6,000

 
11,250

 
22,733

 

 
39,983

Real estate secured loans
 
1,129,061

 
315,633

 
216,942

 
103,515

 

 
1,765,151

Construction loans
 
14,069

 
24,194

 
40,588

 

 

 
78,851

Consumer loans (2)
 
65,326

 
22,593

 
16,418

 
20,000

 
36,000

 
160,337

Total gross loans
 
$
3,573,438

 
$
2,024,348

 
$
2,732,709

 
$
2,024,768

 
$
4,133,503

 
$
14,488,766



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At December 31, 2014, gross loans equal to or greater than $20 million to any single client (individually or in the aggregate) totaled $6.2 billion, or 42.5 percent of our portfolio. These loans represented 170 clients, and of these loans, $27.5 million were on nonaccrual status as of December 31, 2014.
The credit profile of our clients varies across our loan portfolio, based on the nature of the lending we do for different market segments. Our technology and life science & healthcare loan portfolios includes loans to clients at all stages of their life cycles, beginning with our SVB Accelerator practice, which serves our emerging or early-stage clients. Loans provided to early-stage clients represent a relatively small percentage of our overall portfolio at 6.0 percent of total gross loans at June 30, 2015, compared to 7.9 percent at December 31, 2014. Typically these loans are made to companies with modest or negative cash flows and no established record of profitable operations. Repayment of these loans may be dependent upon receipt by borrowers of additional equity financing from venture capitalist firms or others, or in some cases, a successful sale to a third party or an IPO. Venture capital firms may provide financing at lower levels, more selectively or on less favorable terms, which may have an adverse effect on our borrowers that are otherwise dependent on such financing to repay their loans to us. When repayment is dependent upon the next round of venture investment and there is an indication that further investment is unlikely or will not occur, it is often likely the company would need to be sold to repay debt in full. If reasonable efforts have not yielded a likely buyer willing to repay all debt at the close of the sale or on commercially viable terms, the account will most likely be deemed to be impaired.
At June 30, 2015, our lending to private equity/venture capital firms represented 28.0 percent of total gross loans, compared to 31.9 percent of total gross loans at December 31, 2014. Many of these clients have capital call lines of credit, the repayment of which is dependent on the payment of capital calls by the underlying limited partner investors in the funds managed by these firms.
At June 30, 2015, sponsor-led buyout loans represented 14.2 percent of total gross loans, compared to 13.2 percent of total gross loans at December 31, 2014. These loans are typically larger in nature and repayment is generally dependent upon the cash flows of the acquired company. The acquired companies are typically established, later-stage businesses of scale, backed by a select group of experienced private equity sponsors' and characterized by reasonable levels of leverage and loan structures that include meaningful financial covenants.
At June 30, 2015, our asset-based lending, which consists primarily of working capital lines and accounts receivable factoring represented 6.8 percent and 3.1 percent, respectively, of total gross loans, compared to 7.1 percent and 3.8 percent, respectively, at December 31, 2014. The repayment of these arrangements is dependent on the financial condition, and payment ability, of third parties with whom our clients do business.
Approximately 34.9 percent and 11.3 percent of our outstanding total gross loan balances as of June 30, 2015 were to borrowers based in California and New York, respectively, compared to 34.5 percent and 9.6 percent as of December 31, 2014. Other than California and New York, there are no states with gross loan balances greater than 10 percent.
See generally “Risk Factors–Credit Risks” set forth under Item 1A, Part I in our 2014 Form 10-K.
Credit Quality Indicators
As of June 30, 2015, our criticized and impaired loans represented 6.1 percent of our total gross loans compared to 5.2 percent at December 31, 2014. Our SVB Accelerator practice serves our emerging or early-stage clients. Loans to early stage clients represent a relatively small percentage of our overall portfolio at 6.0 percent of total gross loans. It is common for an emerging or early stage client’s remaining liquidity to fall temporarily below the threshold for a pass-rated credit during its capital-raising period for a new round of funding. Based on our experience, for most early stage clients, this situation typically lasts a limited number of weeks and generally resolves itself with a subsequent round of venture funding, though there are exceptions, from time to time. As a result, we expect that each of our early-stage clients will be managed through our criticized portfolio during a portion of their life cycle. Criticized loan levels will continue to vary but are expected to remain within the current range.
Credit Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses
Nonperforming assets consist of loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest, and Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO") and other foreclosed assets. We measure all loans placed on nonaccrual status for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral or the net present value of the expected cash flows. The table below sets forth certain data and ratios between nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets and the allowance for loan losses:

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(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Gross impaired, past due, and restructured loans:
 
 
 
 
Impaired loans
 
$
100,802

 
$
38,137

Loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest
 
47

 
1,302

Total nonperforming loans
 
100,849

 
39,439

OREO and other foreclosed assets
 

 
561

Total nonperforming assets
 
$
100,849

 
$
40,000

Performing TDRs
 
$
82

 
$
587

Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total gross loans
 
0.70
%
 
0.27
%
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets
 
0.25

 
0.10

Allowance for loan losses
 
$
192,644

 
$
165,359

As a percentage of total gross loans
 
1.34
%
 
1.14
%
As a percentage of total gross nonperforming loans
 
191.02

 
419.28

Allowance for loan losses for impaired loans
 
$
50,865

 
$
15,051

As a percentage of total gross loans
 
0.35
%
 
0.10
%
As a percentage of total gross nonperforming loans
 
50.44

 
38.16

Allowance for loan losses for total gross performing loans
 
$
141,779

 
$
150,308

As a percentage of total gross loans
 
0.99
%
 
1.04
%
As a percentage of total gross performing loans
 
0.99

 
1.04

Total gross loans
 
$
14,370,930

 
$
14,488,766

Total gross performing loans
 
14,270,081

 
14,449,327

Reserve for unfunded credit commitments (1)
 
35,617

 
36,419

As a percentage of total unfunded credit commitments
 
0.23
%
 
0.25
%
Total unfunded credit commitments (2)
 
$
15,808,209

 
$
14,705,785

 
 
 
(1)
The “Reserve for unfunded credit commitments” is included as a component of other liabilities. See “Provision for Unfunded Credit Commitments” above for a discussion of the changes to the reserve.
(2)
Includes unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit.
Our allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total gross loans increased to 1.34 percent at June 30, 2015, compared to 1.14 percent at December 31, 2014. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in reserves for loans that were impaired during the second quarter. Our reserve percentage for performing loans was 0.99 percent at June 30, 2015, compared to 1.04 percent at December 31, 2014, reflective of the $179.2 million decrease in period-end gross performing loans.
Our nonperforming loans were $100.8 million at June 30, 2015, compared to $39.4 million at December 31, 2014, consisting of impaired loan balances of $100.8 million and $38.1 million, respectively. Our impaired loan balance increased $62.7 million as a result of $72.7 million in new impaired loans, partially offset by $2.5 million in charge-offs and $7.6 million in repayments. New impaired loans during the second quarter totaled $47.2 million, which was comprised of two software and internet clients, of which one was an asset based loan and the other was a sponsor-led buyout loan. The allowance for loan losses for impaired loans was $50.9 million at June 30, 2015, compared to $15.1 million at December 31, 2014.
Impaired loans at June 30, 2015, included $89.5 million in impairments in our software and internet loan portfolio, of which $74.7 million was attributable to three clients. Impaired loans at December 31, 2014, included $33.3 million in impairments in our software and internet loan portfolio, of which $27.5 million was attributable to one client.
Average impaired loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 were $62.9 million and $51.2 million compared to $26.8 million and $31.3 million for the comparable 2014 periods. The increase in average impaired loans is primarily reflective of an increase in average impaired loans from our software and internet loan portfolio of $37.0 million and $28.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to June 30, 2014, respectively. If the impaired loans had not been impaired, $0.9 million and $1.4 million in interest income would have been recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the comparable 2014 periods.

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Accrued Interest Receivable and Other Assets
A summary of accrued interest receivable and other assets at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015

December 31, 2014
 
% Change      
Derivative assets, gross (1)
 
$
162,405

 
$
157,990

 
2.8
 %
Foreign exchange spot contract assets, gross
 
121,437

 
51,972

 
133.7

Accrued interest receivable
 
97,158

 
94,180

 
3.2

FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock
 
46,116

 
53,496

 
(13.8
)
Accounts receivable
 
33,705

 
20,092

 
67.8

Deferred tax assets (2)
 
27,436

 
45,979

 
(40.3
)
Other assets
 
88,085

 
131,580

 
(33.1
)
Total accrued interest receivable and other assets
 
$
576,342

 
$
555,289

 
3.8

 
 
(1)
See “Derivatives” section below.
(2)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted during the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1— "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.

Foreign Exchange Spot Contract Assets
Foreign exchange spot contract assets represent unsettled client trades at the end of the period. The increase of $69.5 million was primarily due to an overall increase in activity at period-end.
FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock
The decrease of $7.4 million in FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock is a result of a decrease in the reserve requirement at the FHLB.
Net Deferred Tax Assets
The decrease of $18.5 million in net deferred tax assets primarily relates to the increase in the fair value of our available-for-sale securities portfolio.
Other Assets
The decrease of $43.5 million in other assets is primarily due to the sale of the assets of SVBIF on April 13, 2015. For more information, refer to Note 8— "Disposal - Assets Held for Sale" of the "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.





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Derivatives
Derivative instruments are recorded as a component of other assets and other liabilities on the balance sheet. The following table provides a summary of derivative assets and liabilities, net at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014: 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
% Change 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity warrant assets
 
$
122,504

 
$
116,604

 
5.1
 %
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts
 
33,986

 
34,231

 
(0.7
)
Interest rate swaps
 
3,828

 
4,609

 
(16.9
)
Client interest rate derivatives
 
2,087

 
2,546

 
(18.0
)
Total derivative assets
 
$
162,405

 
$
157,990

 
2.8

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange forward and option contracts
 
$
(31,028
)
 
$
(28,363
)
 
9.4

Client interest rate derivatives
 
(2,247
)
 
(2,748
)
 
(18.2
)
Total derivative liabilities
 
$
(33,275
)
 
$
(31,111
)
 
7.0


Equity Warrant Assets
In connection with negotiating credit facilities and certain other services, we often obtain rights to acquire stock in the form of equity warrant assets in primarily private, venture-backed companies in the technology and life science & healthcare industries. At June 30, 2015, we held warrants in 1,587 companies, compared to 1,478 companies at December 31, 2014. Of the 1,587 companies, 25 companies made up approximately 36 percent of the fair value of the portfolio at June 30, 2015. The change in fair value of equity warrant assets is recorded in gains on derivatives instruments, net, in noninterest income, a component of consolidated net income. The following table provides a summary of transactions and valuation changes for equity warrant assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
124,456

 
$
91,135

 
$
116,604

 
$
103,513

New equity warrant assets
 
2,846

 
3,352

 
5,333

 
7,431

Non-cash increases in fair value
 
9,146

 
9,774

 
20,110

 
16,832

Exercised equity warrant assets (1)
 
(13,830
)
 
(14,927
)
 
(19,137
)
 
(38,355
)
Terminated equity warrant assets
 
(114
)
 
(429
)
 
(406
)
 
(516
)
Balance, end of period
 
$
122,504

 
$
88,905

 
$
122,504

 
$
88,905

 
(1) Includes $12.1 million from the exercise of our FireEye warrants during the six months ended June 30, 2014.


Foreign Exchange Forward and Foreign Currency Option Contracts
We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts with clients involved in foreign activities, either as the purchaser or seller, depending upon the clients’ need. For each forward or option contract entered into with our clients, we enter into an opposite way forward or option contract with a correspondent bank, which mitigates the risk of fluctuations in currency rates. We also enter into forward contracts with correspondent banks to economically reduce our foreign exchange exposure related to certain foreign currency denominated instruments. Revaluations of foreign currency denominated instruments are recorded on the line item “Other” as part of noninterest income, a component of consolidated net income. We have not experienced nonperformance by any of our counterparties and therefore have not incurred any related losses. Further, we anticipate performance by all counterparties. Our net exposure for foreign exchange forward and foreign currency option contracts at June 30, 2015 was $0.4 million and our net exposure at December 31, 2014 was $1.1 million. For additional information on our foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts, see Note 10- “Derivative Financial Instruments” of the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item I in this report.

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Interest Rate Swaps
For information on our interest rate swaps, see Note 10–“Derivative Financial Instruments” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Deposits
Deposits were $35.6 billion at June 30, 2015, an increase of $0.4 billion, or 3.7 percent, compared to $34.3 billion at December 31, 2014. The overall increase in deposits was primarily reflective of the increase in non-interest bearing deposits. At June 30, 2015, 22.2 percent of our total deposits were interest-bearing deposits, compared to 28.4 percent at December 31, 2014.
At June 30, 2015, the aggregate balance of time deposit accounts individually equal to or greater than $250,000 totaled $48.0 million, compared to $110.9 million at December 31, 2014. At June 30, 2015, $48.0 million of the time deposit accounts individually equal to or greater than $250,000 were scheduled to mature within one year. No material portion of our deposits has been obtained from a single depositor and the loss of any one depositor would not materially affect our business.
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings were $2.5 million at June 30, 2015, compared to $7.8 million at December 31, 2014. The decrease was due to a reduction in the amount of collateral held from our counterparties in relation to exposures in our favor on outstanding derivative contracts, primarily our interest rate swap agreement related to our 6.05% Subordinated Notes.
Long-Term Debt
Our long-term debt was $802.5 million at June 30, 2015 and $453.4 million at December 31, 2014. The increase in our long-term debt was due to the issuance of 3.50% Senior Notes during the first quarter of 2015.
As of June 30, 2015, long-term debt included our 3.50% Senior Notes, 5.375% Senior Notes, 6.05% Subordinated Notes and 7.0% Junior Subordinated Debentures. For more information on our long-term debt, see Note 9–“Short-term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt” of the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item I in this report.
Other Liabilities
A summary of other liabilities at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
% Change  
Foreign exchange spot contract liabilities, gross
 
$
210,981

 
$
94,999

 
122.1
 %
Accrued compensation
 
90,262

 
120,841

 
(25.3
)
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments
 
35,617

 
36,419

 
(2.2
)
Derivative liabilities, gross (1)
 
33,275

 
31,111

 
7.0

Other
 
244,555

 
200,123

 
22.2

Total other liabilities
 
$
614,690

 
$
483,493

 
27.1

 
 
(1)
See “Derivatives” section above.
Foreign Exchange Spot Contract Liabilities
Foreign exchange spot contract liabilities represent unsettled client trades at the end of the period. The increase of $116.0 million was primarily due to increased client trade activity at period-end.
Accrued Compensation
Accrued compensation includes amounts for our Incentive Compensation Plan, Direct Drive Incentive Compensation Plan, Retention Program, Warrant Incentive Plan, ESOP/profit sharing and other compensation arrangements. The decrease of $30.6 million was primarily the result of 2014 incentive compensation payouts during the first quarter of 2015, partially offset by additional accruals for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

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Reserve for Unfunded Credit Commitments
Our reserve for unfunded credit commitments decreased to $35.6 million at June 30, 2015, compared to $36.4 million at December 31, 2014, due to a change in the composition of our unfunded credit commitment portfolio, which resulted in a decrease in the reserve rate.
Noncontrolling Interests
Noncontrolling interests totaled $138.4 million and $1.2 billion at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The large decrease was due to the deconsolidation of 16 limited partnership entities as part of our adoption of ASU 2015-02 which accounted for $1.1 billion of the decrease. This decrease was slightly offset by net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of $22.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015.
Fair Value Measurements
The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. 
 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Total Balance  
 
Level 3     
 
Total Balance  
 
Level 3     
Assets carried at fair value
 
$
14,818,571

 
$
123,427

 
$
15,008,982

 
$
185,902

As a percentage of total assets
 
36.8
%
 
0.3
%
 
38.2
%
 
0.5
%
Liabilities carried at fair value
 
$
33,275

 
$

 
$
31,111

 
$

As a percentage of total liabilities
 
0.1
%
 
%
 
0.1
%
 
%
 
 
Level 1 and 2
 
Level 3
 
Level 1 and 2
 
Level 3
Percentage of assets measured at fair value
 
99.2
%
 
0.8
%
 
98.8
%
 
1.2
%
Financial assets valued using Level 3 measurements consist of our non-marketable securities (investments in venture capital and other investment securities in shares of public company stock subject to certain sales restrictions for which the sales restriction has not been lifted) and equity warrant assets (shares of private and public company capital stock). The valuation methodologies of our non-marketable securities carried under fair value accounting and equity warrant assets involve a significant degree of management judgment. Refer to Note 15—“Fair Value of Financial Instruments” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this report for a summary of the valuation techniques and significant inputs used for each class of Level 3 assets.
The inherent uncertainty in the process of valuing securities for which a ready market does not exist may cause our estimated values of these securities to differ significantly from the values that would have been derived had a ready market for the securities existed, and those differences could be material. The timing and amount of changes in fair value, if any, of these financial instruments depend upon factors beyond our control, including the performance of the underlying companies, fluctuations in the market prices of the preferred or common stock of the underlying companies, general volatility and interest rate market factors, and legal and contractual restrictions. The timing and amount of actual net proceeds, if any, from the disposition of these financial instruments depend upon factors beyond our control, including investor demand for IPOs, levels of M&A activity, legal and contractual restrictions on our ability to sell, and the perceived and actual performance of portfolio companies. All of these factors are difficult to predict and there can be no assurances that we will realize the full value of these securities, which could result in significant losses (See “Risk Factors” set forth in our 2014 Form 10-K).
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, the Level 3 assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis experienced net realized and unrealized gains of $23.2 million and $43.5 million, primarily due to valuation increases in our equity warrant assets. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the Level 3 assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis experienced net realized and unrealized gains of $15.4 million and $144.3 million (which is inclusive of noncontrolling interest).

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Capital Resources
We maintain an adequate capital base to support anticipated asset growth, operating needs and credit risks, and to ensure that SVB Financial and the Bank are in compliance with all regulatory capital guidelines. Our primary sources of new capital include retained earnings and proceeds from the sale and issuance of our capital stock or other securities. In consultation with the Finance Committee of our Board of Directors, management engages in regular capital planning processes in an effort to optimize the use of the capital available to us and to appropriately plan for our future capital needs. The capital plan considers capital needs for the foreseeable future and allocates capital to both existing and future business activities. Expected future use or activities for which capital may be set aside include balance sheet growth and associated relative increases in market or credit exposure, investment activity, potential product and business expansions, acquisitions and strategic or infrastructure investments. In addition, we conduct capital stress tests as part of our annual capital planning process. The stress tests allow us to assess the impact of adverse changes in the economy and interest rates on our capital adequacy position.
SVBFG Stockholders’ Equity
SVBFG stockholders’ equity totaled $3.1 billion at June 30, 2015, an increase of $0.3 billion, or 8.5 percent, compared to $2.8 billion at December 31, 2014. This increase was primarily due to net income of $174.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Additionally, the increase in the net balance of our accumulated other comprehensive income to $63.9 million from $42.7 million at December 31, 2014, was primarily driven by a $41.6 million increase in the fair value of our fixed income security portfolios ($24.5 million net of tax), which resulted from a decrease in the period-end market interest rates for the six months ended June 30, 2015.
Funds generated through retained earnings are a significant source of capital and liquidity and are expected to continue to be so in the future.
Capital Ratios
Both SVB Financial and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Effective January 1, 2015, SVB Financial and the Bank became subject to a new regulatory capital measure called "Common Equity Tier 1" ("CET 1") and a related regulatory capital ratio of CET 1 to risk-weighted assets implemented under "Basel III" regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act.
Regulatory capital ratios for SVB Financial and the Bank exceeded minimum federal regulatory guidelines for a well-capitalized depository institution as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Capital ratios for SVB Financial and the Bank, compared to the minimum regulatory ratios applicable to bank holding companies and banks to be considered “well capitalized” and “adequately capitalized”, are set forth below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Minimum Ratios under Applicable Regulatory Capital Adequacy Requirements

 
 
June 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
  
“Well Capitalized”
 

“Adequately Capitalized” 
SVB Financial: (6)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET 1 risk-based capital ratio (1)
 
12.54
%
 
%
 
6.5
%
 
4.5
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (2)
 
13.15

 
12.91

 
8.0

 
6.0

Total risk-based capital ratio (2)
 
14.15

 
13.92

 
10.0

 
8.0

Tier 1 leverage ratio (2)
 
7.95

 
7.74

 
N/A  

 
4.0

Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (3)(4)(5)
 
7.58

 
7.15

 
N/A  

 
N/A  

Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets ratio (3)(4)(5)
 
12.81

 
12.93

 
N/A  

 
N/A  

Bank:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET 1 risk-based capital ratio (1)
 
12.87
%
 
%
 
6.5
%
 
4.5
%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio (2)
 
12.87

 
11.09

 
8.0

 
6.0

Total risk-based capital ratio (2)
 
13.93

 
12.12

 
10.0

 
8.0

Tier 1 leverage ratio (2)
 
7.39

 
6.64

 
5.0

 
4.0

Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio (3)(4)(5)
 
7.40

 
6.38

 
N/A  

 
N/A  

Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets ratio (2)(3)(4)(5)
 
13.16

 
11.19

 
N/A  

 
N/A  

 
 
 
(1)
Effective January 1, 2015, CET 1 is a new ratio requirement under the Basel III Capital Rules and represents, common stock, plus related surplus and retained earnings, plus limited amounts of minority interest in the form of common stock, less certain regulatory deductions, divided by total risk-weighted assets.

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(2)
Ratios as of June 30, 2015 reflect the adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules in effect beginning January 1, 2015. Ratios for prior periods represent the previous capital rules under Basel I.
(3)
See below for a reconciliation of non-GAAP tangible common equity to tangible assets and tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets.
(4)
The Federal Reserve Bank has not issued any minimum guidelines for the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio or the tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets ratio. However, we believe these ratios provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our capital levels and are therefore provided above.
(5)
Prior period ratios have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1 - "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(6)
There were no material changes to any of SVB Financial’s previously-reported capital ratios (common equity tier 1 risk-based capital, tier 1 risk-based capital, total risk-based capital and tier 1 leverage ratios) as of March 31, 2015, after retrospective application of ASU 2015-02 and management's assessment of these ratios under the Basel III Capital Rules. These capital ratios for SVB Financial as of March 31, 2015 continued to exceed minimum regulatory requirements for a “well capitalized” institution.
The total risk-based capital ratio and tier 1 capital and leverage ratios, for SVB Financial increased compared to December 31, 2014. Beneficial changes in SVB Financial's risk-based capital were due primarily to earnings and to a lesser extent, Basel III capital standards on the treatment of certain equity related to our noncontrolling interests. These beneficial changes were offset somewhat by the impact of Basel III risk-weighting standards on unused loan commitments with original maturities less than one year and certain equity investments. For the Bank, the total risk-based capital, tier 1 capital, and leverage ratios as of June 30, 2015 increased compared to the same ratios as of December 31, 2014. This increase was a result of SVB Financial's contribution of capital to the Bank totaling $350 million, which was funded primarily by the net proceeds from the issuance of our 3.50% Senior Notes. The capital contribution from SVB Financial to the Bank provides continued support of our clients' growth. The increases in the Bank's ratios, resulting from the contribution, were partially offset by the impact of the new regulatory requirements related to unused commitments as discussed above. All of our capital ratios are above the levels to be considered “well capitalized" under banking regulations.    

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and the tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets ratios are not required by GAAP or applicable bank regulatory requirements. However, we believe these ratios provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our capital levels. Our management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these ratios in evaluating the adequacy of the Company’s capital levels; however, these financial measures should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for or preferable to, comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. These ratios are calculated by dividing total SVBFG stockholder’s equity, by total period-end assets and risk-weighted assets, after reducing both amounts by acquired intangibles, if any. The manner in which this ratio is calculated varies among companies. Accordingly, our ratio is not necessarily comparable to similar measures of other companies. The following table provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures with financial measures defined by GAAP for SVB Financial and the Bank for the periods ending June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
SVB Financial
 
Bank
Non-GAAP tangible common equity and tangible assets (dollars in thousands, except ratios)
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
June 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
GAAP SVBFG stockholders’ equity (1)
 
$
3,051,102

 
$
2,813,072

 
$
2,930,554

 
$
2,399,411

Tangible common equity (1)
 
$
3,051,102

 
$
2,813,072

 
$
2,930,554

 
$
2,399,411

GAAP Total assets (1)
 
$
40,236,118

 
$
39,339,950

 
$
39,612,481

 
$
37,607,973

Tangible assets (1)
 
$
40,236,118

 
$
39,339,950

 
$
39,612,481

 
$
37,607,973

Risk-weighted assets (2)
 
$
23,815,512

 
$
21,755,091

 
$
22,277,020

 
$
21,450,480

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)
 
7.58
%
 
7.15
%
 
7.40
%
 
6.38
%
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets (1) (2)
 
12.81

 
12.93

 
13.16

 
11.19

 
 
(1)
Prior period amounts have been revised to reflect the retrospective application of new accounting guidance adopted in the first quarter of 2015 related to our investments in qualified affordable housing projects (ASU 2014-01). See Note 1 - "Basis of Presentation" of the "Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements" under Part I, Item 1 in this report.
(2)
Amounts and ratios as of June 30, 2015 reflect the adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules in effect beginning January 1, 2015. Amounts and ratios for prior periods represent the previous capital rules under Basel I.

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The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio increased for SVB Financial and the Bank due to increases in total equity. See "SVBFG Stockholders’ Equity" above for further details on changes to the individual components of our equity balance.
For SVB Financial, the tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets ratio decreased due to increases in risk-weighted assets, including the impact of the new regulations discussed above, partially offset by increases in common equity. For the Bank, the tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets ratio increased due to increases in tangible common equity, partially offset by increases in risk-weighted assets. These increases were a result of SVB Financial's contribution of capital to the Bank, partially offset by the impact on risk-weighted assets from the new regulatory requirements discussed above.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of business, we use financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, commercial and standby letters of credit and commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity fund investments. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk. Credit risk is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss because other parties to the financial instrument fail to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. For details of our commitments to extend credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit, please refer to Note 13—“Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Guarantees, and Other Commitments” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Commitments to Invest in Venture Capital/Private Equity Funds
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, including the Volcker Rule, we make investments. We make commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity funds, which in turn make investments generally in, or in some cases make loans to, privately-held companies. Commitments to invest in these funds are generally made for a 10-year period from the inception of the fund. Although the limited partnership agreements governing these investments typically do not restrict the general partners from calling 100% of committed capital in one year, it is customary for these funds to generally call most of the capital commitments over 5 to 7 years; however in certain cases, the funds may not call 100% of committed capital over the life of the fund. The actual timing of future cash requirements to fund these commitments is generally dependent upon the investment cycle, overall market conditions, and the nature and type of industry in which the privately held companies operate.
For further details on our commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity funds, refer to Note 13—“Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Guarantees, and Other Commitments” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to ensure that funds are available in a timely manner to meet our financial obligations, including, as necessary, paying creditors, meeting depositors’ needs, accommodating loan demand and growth, funding investments, repurchasing securities and other operating or capital needs, without incurring undue cost or risk, or causing a disruption to normal operating conditions.
We regularly assess the amount and likelihood of projected funding requirements through a review of factors such as historical deposit volatility and funding patterns, present and forecasted market and economic conditions, individual client funding needs, and existing and planned business activities. Our Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”), which is a management committee, provides oversight to the liquidity management process and recommends policy guidelines for the approval of the Finance Committee of our Board of Directors, and courses of action to address our actual and projected liquidity needs.
Our deposit base is, and historically has been, our primary source of liquidity. Our deposit levels and cost of deposits may fluctuate from time to time due to a variety of factors, including market conditions, prevailing interest rates, changes in client deposit behaviors, availability of insurance protection, and our offering of deposit products. We may also offer more investment alternatives off the balance sheet which may impact deposit levels. At June 30, 2015, our period-end total deposit balances increased by $1.3 billion to $35.6 billion, compared to $34.3 billion at December 31, 2014. The overall increase in deposit balances came primarily from our Accelerator/Early-stage clients resulting from continued venture capital funding activity in 2015.
Our liquidity requirements can also be met through the use of our portfolio of liquid assets. Our definition of liquid assets includes cash and cash equivalents in excess of the minimum levels necessary to carry out normal business operations, short-term investment securities maturing within one year, available-for-sale securities eligible and available for financing or pledging purposes with a maturity in excess of one year and anticipated near-term cash flows from investments.
On a stand-alone basis, SVB Financial’s primary liquidity channels include dividends from the Bank, its portfolio of liquid assets, cash proceeds from the sale of equity warrants and fund investments and its ability to raise debt and capital. The ability of the Bank to pay dividends is subject to certain regulations described in “Business—Supervision and Regulation—Restriction on Dividends” under Part I, Item 1 of our 2014 Form 10-K.

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Consolidated Summary of Cash Flows
Below is a summary of our average cash position and statement of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014. For further details, see our "Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)" under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Average cash and cash equivalents
 
$
2,094,365

 
$
3,010,077

Percentage of total average assets
 
5.4
%
 
10.1
%
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
$
205,434

 
$
218,089

Net cash used for investing activities
 
(910,215
)
 
(5,445,902
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
1,519,317

 
6,338,865

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
 
$
814,536

 
$
1,111,052

Average cash and cash equivalents decreased by $0.9 billion, or 30.4 percent, to $2.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $3.0 billion for the comparable 2014 period. The decrease was primarily due to the deployment of cash into our fixed income investment portfolio and to fund our solid loan growth. Average investments increased by $7.6 billion to $21.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $13.7 billion for the comparable 2014 period. Average loans increased $3.3 billion to $14.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2015, compared to $10.9 billion for the comparable 2014 period.
Cash provided by operating activities was $205.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily reflective of net income before noncontrolling interests of $196.8 million.
Cash used for investing activities of $910.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015 included $2.7 billion for purchases of fixed income securities, partially offset by $1.5 billion from maturities and paydowns from our fixed income securities investments.
Cash provided by financing activities was $1.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily reflective of a net increase of $1.2 billion in deposits and $346.4 million in proceeds from the issuance of our 3.50% Senior Notes.
Cash and cash equivalents were $2.6 billion at June 30, 2015 and June 30, 2014.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk Management
Market risk is defined as the risk of adverse fluctuations in the market value of financial instruments due to changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk is our primary market risk and can result from timing and volume differences in the repricing of our rate-sensitive assets and liabilities, widening or tightening of credit spreads, changes in the general level of market interest rates and changes in the shape and level of the benchmark LIBOR/SWAP yield curve. Additionally, changes in interest rates can influence the rate of principal prepayments on mortgage securities which affects the rate of amortization of purchase premiums and discounts. Other market risks include foreign currency exchange risk and equity price risk. These risks are not considered significant compared to interest rate sensitivity risks and no separate quantitative information concerning them is presented herein.
Interest rate risk is managed by our ALCO. ALCO reviews the market valuation and 12-month forward looking earnings sensitivity of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, structural changes in investment and funding portfolios, loan and deposit activity and current market conditions. Adherence to relevant policies, which are approved by the Finance Committee of our Board of Directors, is monitored on an ongoing basis.
Management of interest rate risk is carried out primarily through strategies involving our fixed income securities portfolio, available funding channels and capital market activities. In addition, our policies permit the use of off-balance sheet derivative instruments to assist in managing interest rate risk.
We utilize a simulation model to perform sensitivity analysis on the economic value of equity and net interest income under a variety of interest rate scenarios, balance sheet forecasts and proposed strategies. The simulation model provides a dynamic assessment of interest rate sensitivity embedded in our balance sheet which measures the potential variability in forecasted

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results relating to changes in market interest rates over time. We review our interest rate risk position on a quarterly basis at a minimum.    
Model Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis
One application of the aforementioned simulation model involves measurement of the impact of changes in market interest rates on our economic value of equity (“EVE”). EVE is defined as the market value of assets, less the market value of liabilities, adjusted for any off-balance sheet items. A second application of the simulation model measures the impact of changes in market interest rates on our net interest income (“NII”) assuming a static balance sheet as of the period-end reporting date. Changes in market interest rates that affect us are principally short-term interest rates and include the following: (i) National Prime and SVB Prime rates; (ii) 1-month and 3-month LIBOR; and (iii) Fed Funds target rate. Changes in these short-term rates impact interest earned on our variable rate loans, variable rate investment securities and balances held as cash and cash equivalents. Additionally, deposit pricing generally follows overall changes in short-term interest rates.
The following table presents our EVE and NII sensitivity exposure at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 related to an instantaneous and sustained parallel shift in market interest rates of 100 and 200 basis points.
 
 
Estimated
 
Estimated Increase/(Decrease) In EVE
 
Estimated
 
Estimated Increase/
(Decrease) In NII
Change in interest rates (basis points)
 
EVE
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
NII
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
 
(Dollars in thousands) 
June 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
+200
 
$
5,928,348

 
$
1,460,202

 
32.7
 %
 
$
1,274,216

 
$
245,158

 
23.8
 %
+100
 
5,225,063

 
756,917

 
16.9

 
1,146,467

 
117,409

 
11.4

 
4,468,146

 

 

 
1,029,058

 

 

-100
 
4,198,732

 
(269,414
)
 
(6.0
)
 
987,510

 
(41,548
)
 
(4.0
)
-200
 
4,358,951

 
(109,195
)
 
(2.4
)
 
959,037

 
(70,021
)
 
(6.8
)
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
+200
 
$
6,201,773

 
$
1,237,900

 
24.9
 %
 
$
1,242,321

 
$
223,059

 
21.9
 %
+100
 
5,598,887

 
635,014

 
12.8

 
1,124,643

 
105,381

 
10.3

 
4,963,873

 

 

 
1,019,262

 

 

-100
 
4,927,749

 
(36,124
)
 
(0.7
)
 
979,982

 
(39,280
)
 
(3.9
)
-200
 
5,119,636

 
155,763

 
3.1

 
953,556

 
(65,706
)
 
(6.4
)
Economic Value of Equity
The estimated EVE in the preceding table is based on a combination of valuation methodologies including a discounted cash flow analysis and a multi-path lattice based valuation. Both methodologies use publicly available market interest rates. The model simulations and calculations are highly assumption-dependent and will change regularly as our asset/liability structure changes, as interest rate environments evolve, and as we change our assumptions in response to relevant market or business circumstances. These calculations do not reflect the changes that we anticipate or may make to reduce our EVE exposure in response to a change in market interest rates as a part of our overall interest rate risk management strategy.
As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain limitations are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the preceding table. We are exposed to yield curve risk, prepayment risk and basis risk, which cannot be fully modeled and expressed using the above methodology. Accordingly, the results in the preceding table should not be relied upon as a precise indicator of actual results in the event of changing market interest rates. Additionally, the resulting EVE and NII estimates are not intended to represent, and should not be construed to represent the underlying value. In addition, we assume different deposit balance decay rates for each interest rate scenario based on a historical deposit study of our clients.
Our base case EVE at June 30, 2015 decreased from December 31, 2014 by $495 million, primarily caused by the change in balance sheet mix and a steeper yield curve due to market conditions. The change in balance sheet mix had a negative impact of $670 million to our base. This negative impact from balance sheet mix was offset by the steeper market yield curve which positively impacted the EVE by $175 million. The drivers of this negative impact were reflective of a $1.3 billion increase in deposits, a $1.1 billion decrease in non-marketable and other securities after adopting new accounting guidance (ASU 2015-02) from January 1, 2015, and a $344 million increase in borrowings. This negative impact was offset by an increase of $1.3 billion in investment securities, and an $829 million increase in cash and cash equivalents period-end balance. EVE sensitivity increased in the simulated upward interest rate movements due to a $3.2 billion increase in noninterest-bearing deposits. In the simulated

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downward interest rate movements, EVE sensitivity decreased due to higher rates in the long-end of the yield curve increasing the down-rate shock effects for the noninterest-bearing deposits, while the impact from the loan and investment portfolios further offset EVE sensitivity.
12-Month Net Interest Income Simulation
Our estimated 12-month NII at June 30, 2015 increased from December 31, 2014 by $10 million primarily due to the change in balance sheet mix and the steeper yield curve. The NII was positively impacted by the period-end balance decrease of $1.9 billion in interest-bearing deposits and the increase in investment securities, and cash and cash equivalents. This positive impact was negatively offset by an increase in borrowings. NII sensitivity increased slightly in the upward interest rate scenario and remained flat in the downward interest rate scenario. In the simulated upward scenarios, the sensitivity increased slightly due to the change in balance sheet mix between fixed and variable assets at June 30, 2015 as compared to December 31, 2014. In the simulated downward scenarios, sensitivity remained relatively flat for the loan and investment securities due to rates being at or near their floors in the current rate environment.
The simulation model used in the above analysis embeds floors in our interest rate scenarios, which prevent model benchmark rates from moving below 0.0%. In addition, we assume different deposit balance decay rates for each interest rate scenario based on a historical deposit study of our clients. These assumptions may change in future periods based on management discretion. Actual changes in our deposit pricing strategies may differ from our current model assumptions and may have an impact on our overall sensitivity.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, among other things, processes, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of our most recently completed fiscal quarter, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


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PART II–OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Please refer to Note 16–“Legal Matters” of the “Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements” under Part I, Item 1 of this report.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth in our 2014 Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
See Index to Exhibits at end of report.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
  
SVB Financial Group
 
 
Date: August 7, 2015
  
/s/ MICHAEL DESCHENEAUX
 
  
Michael Descheneaux
 
  
Chief Financial Officer
 
  
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
  
SVB Financial Group
 
 
Date: August 7, 2015
  
/s/ KAMRAN HUSAIN
 
  
Kamran Husain
 
  
Chief Accounting Officer
 
  
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit
Number    
 
Exhibit Description
 
Incorporated by Reference
 
 Filed
 Herewith  
Form
 
File No.
 
Exhibit  
 
Filing Date
 
31.1
 
Rule 13a-14(a) / 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
31.2
 
Rule 13a-14(a) / 15(d)-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
Section 1350 Certifications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X
 
*
Furnished herewith

100