SWK Holdings Corp - Quarter Report: 2019 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2019

o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 000-27163

SWK Holdings Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code): (972) 687-7250

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  x  YES   o  NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x  YES   o  NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  o  YES  x  NO

As of August 12, 2019, there were 12,904,346 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

SWK Holdings Corporation

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended June 30, 2019

Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. From time to time, we may also provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Such forward-looking statements are subject to the safe harbor created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, and our beliefs and assumptions, and include, but are not limited to, statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expects,” “intend,” “plan,” “will” and variations of these words and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially (both favorably and unfavorably) from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.

These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. Forward-looking statements that were believed to be true at the time made may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.      FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SWK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except par value and share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SWK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SWK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SWK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

SWK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SWK HOLDINGS CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. SWK Holdings Corporation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

SWK Holdings Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in July 1996 in California and reincorporated in Delaware in September 1999. In July 2012, the Company commenced its strategy of building a specialty finance and asset management business. The Company’s strategy is to be a leading healthcare capital provider by offering sophisticated, customized financing solutions to a broad range of life science companies, institutions and inventors. The Company is primarily focused on monetizing cash flow streams derived from commercial-stage products and related intellectual property through royalty purchases and financings, as well as through the creation of synthetic revenue interests in commercialized products. The Company has been deploying its assets to earn interest, fees, and other income pursuant to this strategy, and the Company continues to identify and review financing and similar opportunities on an ongoing basis. In addition, through the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, SWK Advisors LLC, the Company provides non-discretionary investment advisory services to institutional clients in separately managed accounts to similarly invest in life science finance. SWK Advisors LLC is registered as an investment advisor with the Texas State Securities Board. The Company intends to fund transactions through its own working capital, and its revolving credit facility, as well as by building its asset management business by raising additional third-party capital to be invested alongside the Company’s capital.

The Company fills a niche that it believes is underserved in the sub-$50 million transaction size. Since many of its competitors that provide longer term, non-traditional debt and/or royalty-related financing options have much greater financial resources than the Company, they tend to not focus on transaction sizes below $50 million as it is generally inefficient for them to do so. In addition, the Company does not believe that a sufficient number of other companies offer similar types of long-term financing options to fill the demand of the sub-$50 million market. As such, the Company believes it faces less competition from such investors in transactions that are less than $50 million.

The Company has net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and believes that the ability to utilize these NOLs is an important and substantial asset. However, at this time, under current law, we do not anticipate that our life science business strategy will generate sufficient income to permit us to utilize all of our NOLs prior to their respective expiration dates. As such, it is possible that we might pursue additional strategies that we believe might result in our ability to utilize more of our NOLs.

As of August 12, 2019, the Company and its partners have executed transactions with 35 different parties under its specialty finance strategy, funding an aggregate $516 million in various financial products across the life science sector. The Company’s portfolio includes senior and subordinated debt backed by royalties and synthetic royalties paid by companies in the life science sector, and purchased royalties generated by sales of life science products and related intellectual property.

The Company is headquartered in Dallas, Texas.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”).  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries and affiliates in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest as of the financial statement date. Normally a controlling financial interest reflects ownership of a majority of the voting interests. The Company consolidates a variable interest entity (“VIE”) when it possesses both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and the Company is either obligated to absorb the losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the Company holds the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, after elimination of intercompany accounts and transactions.

The Company owns interests in various partnerships and limited liability companies, or LLCs. The Company consolidates its investments in these partnerships or LLCs, where the Company, as the general partner or managing member, exercises effective control, even though the Company’s ownership may be less than 50 percent, the related governing agreements provide the Company with broad powers, and the other parties do not participate in the management of the entities and do not effectively have the ability to remove the Company. The Company has reviewed each of the underlying agreements to determine if it has effective control. If circumstances change and it is determined this control does not exist, any such investment would be recorded using the equity method of accounting. Although this would change individual line items within the Company’s consolidated financial statements, it would have no effect on its operations and/or total stockholders’ equity attributable to the Company.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company and reflect all normal, recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the year ending December 31, 2019. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted under the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are required in the determination of revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, impairment of financing receivables and long-lived assets, valuation of warrants, income taxes and contingencies and litigation, among others.  Some of these judgments can be subjective and complex, and consequently, actual results may differ from these estimates. The Company’s estimates often are based on complex judgments, probabilities and assumptions that it believes to be reasonable but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. For any given individual estimate or assumption made by the Company, there may also be other estimates or assumptions that are reasonable.

The Company regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions using historical experience and other factors, including the economic environment. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, the Company’s estimates and assumptions may prove to be incomplete or inaccurate, or unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that might cause changes to those estimates and assumptions. Market conditions, such as illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets, and economic downturns, can increase the uncertainty already inherent in the Company’s estimates and assumptions. The Company adjusts its estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances indicate the need for change. Those changes generally will be reflected in our consolidated financial statements on a prospective basis unless they are required to be treated retrospectively under the relevant accounting standard. It is possible that other professionals, applying reasonable judgment to the same facts and circumstances, could develop and support a range of alternative estimated amounts.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 updates the fair value measurement disclosure requirements by (i) eliminating certain requirements, including disclosure of the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements, (ii) modifying certain requirements, including clarifying that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date and (iii) adding certain requirements, including disclosure of the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance but believes it will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements, as the Company has had no historical transfers between hierarchies.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326).” The new standard adds an impairment model, known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of losses. The ASU describes the impairment allowance as a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be measured in a manner similar to current GAAP; however, the amendments in this update require that credit losses be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down, which will allow an entity the ability to record reversals of credit losses in current period net income. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity will apply the amendments in this update through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (that is, a modified-retrospective approach). A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized before the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance but believes it is likely to incur more upfront losses on its portfolio under the new CECL model.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, as amended by subsequent ASUs (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 supersedes guidance related to accounting for leases and provides for the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The objective of the ASU is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. ASU 2016-02 does not fundamentally change lessor accounting; however, some changes have been made to lessor accounting to conform and align that guidance with the lessee guidance and other areas within GAAP. The ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition method, which permits application of the new standard on the adoption date as opposed to the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In addition, the Company elected to use the available practical expedient package, and therefore did not reassess classification of its existing leases. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Net Income per Share

Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock, and when dilutive, shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options and warrants deemed outstanding using the treasury stock method.

The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the following periods (in thousands, except per share amounts):

For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock in an aggregate of approximately 447,000 and 272,000, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share as all such securities were anti-dilutive. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, outstanding stock options and warrants to purchase shares of common stock in an aggregate of approximately 424,000, and 287,000, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted income per share as all such securities were anti-dilutive.

Note 3. Finance Receivables, Net

Finance receivables are reported at their determined principal balances net of any unearned income, cumulative charge-offs and unamortized deferred fees and costs. Unearned income and deferred fees and costs are amortized to interest income based on all cash flows expected using the effective interest method.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had a provision for credit loss allowance of $6.8 million. Of the total $6.8 million, $1.2 million and $0.6 million are associated with the Company’s Cambia® and Besivance® royalties, respectively. The remaining $5.0 million is related to the ABT Molecular Imaging, Inc., now known as Best ABT, Inc. (“Best”), second lien term loan that was recognized in order to reflect the Best royalty at its estimated fair value of $5.8 million. The carrying values of finance receivables are as follows (in thousands):

The following table presents nonaccrual and performing finance receivables by portfolio segment, net of credit loss allowance (in thousands):

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had three finance receivables in nonaccrual status: (a) the term loan to B&D Dental Corporation (“B&D”), with a net carrying value of $8.3 million, (b) the Best royalty, with a net carrying value of $5.8 million, and (c) the Tissue Regeneration Therapeutics, Inc. (“TRT”) royalty, with a net carrying value of $3.6 million. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had two finance receivables in nonaccrual status: (a) the term loan to B&D, with a net carrying value of $8.3 million, and (b) the Best royalty, with a net carrying value of $5.8 million. Although in nonaccrual status, neither the term loan nor the royalties were considered impaired as of June 30, 2019. The Company collected $33,000 on one of its nonaccrual royalties during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Besivance

On April 2, 2013, the Company purchased an effective 2.4 percent royalty on sales of Besivance® from InSite Vision for $6.0 million. Besivance is marketed by Bausch & Lomb, formerly known as Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Sales performance of Besivance® has weakened primarily due to substantial declines in prescription volumes, which in conjunction with elevated sales chargebacks and various rebates (gross sales to net sales deductions), has resulted in material reductions in the product’s net sales and associated royalties payable to the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company reduced its expectations for future royalty receipts and recognized an allowance for credit loss on the royalty purchase of $0.6 million.

TRT

On June 13, 2013, the Company purchased royalties from TRT related to its technology licenses in the family cord banking services sector for $2.0 million, and on October 20, 2014, funded an additional $1.25 million upon the achievement of royalty receipts-based milestones. During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, royalty payments from the primary U.S. licensee ended as a result of the licensee terminating a technology license. SWK and TRT continue to evaluate both options in regard to enforcing TRT’s intellectual property rights against this licensee, as well as seeking additional U.S. licensees. TRT’s Canadian licensee continues to pay royalties. SWK is in discussions with TRT to restructure the purchase agreement. Given uncertainties regarding the outcome of the negotiations and the ultimate timing of cash flows related to the U.S. intellectual property, SWK has placed the TRT royalty on non-accrual status, although does not consider it impaired. SWK evaluated several factors in this determination, including input from intellectual property counsel regarding the strength of the related intellectual property and continued receipt of Canadian licensee royalty payments.

Note 4. Marketable Investments

Investments in marketable securities at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 consist of the following (in thousands):

The amortized cost basis amounts, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair values of available-for-sale debt securities as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, are as follows (in thousands):

The following table presents unrealized net losses on equity securities as prescribed by ASC 321, “Investment - Equity Securities.” ASU 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities,” was adopted on January 1, 2018, at which time a cumulative effect adjustment of $213,000 was recorded to reclassify the amount of accumulated unrealized gains related to equity securities from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings (in thousands):

Equity Securities

The Company did not have any investments in equity securities as of June 30, 2019.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company’s equity securities included shares of Cancer Genetics and Hooper Holmes common stock, which were sold and written off, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Debt Securities

On July 9, 2013, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement to purchase, at par, $3.0 million of a total of $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due in November 2026.  The agreement allows the first interest payment date to include paid-in-kind notes for any cash shortfall, of which the Company received $0.1 million on November 15, 2013. The notes are secured only by certain royalty and milestone payments associated with the sales of pharmaceutical products. The senior secured notes have been placed on non-accrual status as of June 30, 2016. Total cash collected during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $34,000 which was credited to the notes’ carrying value. As of June 30, 2019, the notes are reflected at their estimated fair value of $498,000.

Note 5. Revolving Credit Facility

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with State Bank and Trust Company as a lender and the administrative agent (“State Bank”) pursuant to which State Bank will provide the Company with up to a $20 million revolving senior secured credit facility, which the Company can draw down and repay until maturity, subject to borrowing base eligibility. The Loan Agreement matures on June 29, 2021.

The Loan Agreement accrues interest at the Daily LIBOR Rate, with a floor of 1.00 percent, plus a 3.25 percent margin and principal is repayable in full at maturity. Interest is generally required to be paid monthly in arrears. The Loan Agreement requires the payment of an unused line fee of 0.50 percent, which will be recorded as interest expense. The Company paid $0.5 million in fees at closing, which have been capitalized as deferred financing costs and are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the Loan Agreement.

The Loan Agreement has an advance rate against the Company’s finance receivables portfolio, including 85 percent against senior first lien loans, 70 percent against second lien loans and 50 percent against royalty receivables, subject to certain eligibility requirements as defined in the Loan Agreement. The Loan Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants including minimum asset coverage and minimum interest coverage ratios.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $0.2 million of interest expense. As of June 30, 2019, no amount was outstanding under the Loan Agreement, and $20 million was available for borrowing.

Note 6. Related Party Transactions

On September 6, 2013, in connection with entering into a credit facility, the Company issued warrants to an affiliate of a stockholder, Carlson Capital, L.P. (the “Stockholder”), for 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at a strike price of $13.88 per share. The warrants have a price anti-dilution mechanism that was triggered by the price that shares were sold by the Company in a rights offering in 2014, and as a result, the strike price of the warrants was reduced to $13.48 per share.

Due to certain provisions within the warrant agreement, the warrants meet the definition of a derivative and do not qualify for a scope exception, as it is not considered indexed to the Company’s stock. As such, the warrants are reflected as a warrant liability in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded a nominal loss for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The Company determined the fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

The changes on the value of the warrant liability during the six months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

Note 7. Commitments and Contingencies

As of June 30, 2019, the Company’s unfunded commitments were as follows (in millions):

All unfunded commitments are contingent upon reaching an established revenue threshold or other performance metrics on or before a specified date or period of time per the terms of the royalty purchase or credit agreements, and in the case of loan transactions, are only subject to being advanced as long as an event of default does not exist. The unfunded commitment to Solsys Systems, LLC (“Solsys”) includes $2.5 million available upon Solsys raising at least $4.0 million of equity capital, and $5.0 million available upon consummation of the sale of Solsys to Misonix, Inc., which sale remains subject to certain conditions, including approval by the shareholders of Misonix, Inc.

Note 8. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Compensation Plans

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved compensation for Board services by granting 5,725 and 10,493 shares, respectively, of common stock as compensation for the non-employee directors. During both the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded approximately $0.1 million in Board stock-based compensation expense. The aggregate stock-based compensation expense, including the quarterly Board grants, recognized by the Company for both of the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, (“CEO”) received a grant of options to acquire up to 75,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, effective as of January 28, 2019. The options have a per-share exercise price of $12.50. The options are subject to vesting in equal annual installments over a three-year period based on the CEO’s continued employment with the Company. The options are subject to accelerated vesting upon a termination of the CEO’s employment if the CEO’s employment is terminated by the CEO for “Good Reason” as defined in the CEO’s employment agreement effective as of January 1, 2019. Furthermore, the 2012 and 2014 options received by the CEO were amended to extend the expiration dates to December 31, 2021. The options are forfeited and of no force and effect to the extent the options have not vested or become exercisable on or before December 31, 2021.

The CEO also received a restricted stock award of 37,500 shares of restricted stock, subject to terms and conditions of the award agreement and the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan. The restricted stock is subject to vesting in equal annual installments over a three-year period but only to the extent the CEO is employed by or performing services for the Company. However, the restricted stock shall vest upon the CEO’s death, “Disability” and “Good Reason,” as defined in the Employment Agreement between the Company and the CEO effective January 1, 2019.

On December 21, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized a stock repurchase program, which is described in Part II, Item 2 under Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. The program expired on May 31, 2019.

Note 9. Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures and reports certain financial and non-financial assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). GAAP specifies a three-level hierarchy that is used when measuring and disclosing fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices available in active markets (i.e., observable inputs) and the lowest priority to data lacking transparency (i.e., unobservable inputs). An instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation. The following is a description of the three hierarchy levels.

Transfers into or out of any hierarchy level are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which the transfers occurred. There were no transfers between any levels during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

The following information is provided to help readers gain an understanding of the relationship between amounts reported in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related market or fair value. The disclosures include financial instruments and derivative financial instruments, other than investment in affiliates.

Following are descriptions of the valuation methodologies used to measure material assets and liabilities at fair value and details of the valuation models, key inputs to those models and significant assumptions utilized.

Cash and cash equivalents

The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximate those assets’ fair values.

Equity Securities

Certain common equity securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs (exchange quoted prices).

Finance Receivables

The fair values of finance receivables are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using market rates at the balance sheet date that reflect the credit and interest rate-risk inherent in the finance receivables. Projected future cash flows are calculated based upon contractual maturity or call dates, projected repayments and prepayments of principal. These receivables are classified as Level 3. Finance receivables are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, but estimates of fair value are reflected below.

Marketable Investments and Derivative Securities

Marketable Investments

If active market prices are available, fair value measurement is based on quoted active market prices and, accordingly, these securities would be classified as Level 1. If active market prices are not available, fair value measurement is based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as prices for similar assets or broker quotes utilizing observable inputs, and accordingly these securities would be classified as Level 2. If market prices are not available and there are no observable inputs, then fair value would be estimated by using valuation models including discounted cash flow methodologies, commonly used option-pricing models and broker quotes. Such securities would be classified as Level 3, if the valuation models and broker quotes are based on inputs that are unobservable in the market. If fair value is based on broker quotes, the Company checks the validity of received prices based on comparison to prices of other similar assets and market data such as relevant bench mark indices. Available-for-sale securities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, while securities with no readily available fair market value are not, but estimates of fair value are reflected below.

Derivative Securities

For exchange-traded derivatives, fair value is based on quoted market prices, and accordingly, would be classified as Level 1. For non-exchange traded derivatives, fair value is based on option pricing models and are classified as Level 3.

The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

The changes on the value of the warrant assets during the six months ended June 30, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

The Company holds warrants issued to the Company in conjunction with certain term loan investments. These warrants meet the definition of a derivative and are included in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair values for warrants outstanding, which do not have a readily determinable value, are measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following ranges of assumptions were used in the models to determine fair value:

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had two royalties, Besivance® and Cambia®, that were deemed to be impaired based on reductions in carrying values in prior periods. The following table presents these royalties measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

The following information is provided to help readers gain an understanding of the relationship between amounts reported in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related market or fair value. The disclosures include financial instruments and derivative financial instruments.

As of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

ITEM 2.      MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements, and the MD&A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“Annual Report”), as well as our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included in this report.

Overview

We evaluate and invest in a broad range of healthcare related companies and products with innovative intellectual property, including the biotechnology, medical device, medical diagnostics and related tools, animal health and pharmaceutical industries (together “life science”) by tailoring financial solutions to the needs of our business partners.

Our investment objective is to maximize our portfolio total return and thus increase our net income and book value by generating income from three sources:  (1) primarily owning or financing through debt investments, royalties or revenue interests generated by the sales of life science products and related intellectual property, (2) receiving interest and other income by advancing capital in the form of secured debt to companies in the life science sector, and (3) to a lesser extent, realizing capital appreciation from equity-related investments in the life science sector.

We primarily provide capital in exchange for an interest in an existing revenue stream, which can take several forms, but is most commonly either a royalty derived from the sales of a life science product from the marketing efforts of a third party or from the marketing efforts of a partner company. Our structured debt investments may include warrants or other features, giving us the potential to realize enhanced returns on a portion of our portfolio.

The table below provides an overview of our outstanding transactions as of, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 (in thousands, except rate, share and per share data):

Unless otherwise specified, our senior secured debt assets generally are repaid by a revenue interest that is charged on a company’s quarterly net sales and royalties.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies and estimates are described in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2019. We believe there have been no new critical accounting policies or material changes to our existing critical accounting policies and estimates during the six months ended June 30, 2019, compared to those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Part I. Financial Information, Item 1. Financial Statements, Note 1 of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a listing of recent accounting pronouncements and their potential impact to our consolidated financial statements.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions)

Revenues

We generated revenues of $5.7 million and $6.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which consisted of interest and fees earned on our finance receivables. The decrease in revenue is primarily due to a $3.7 million decrease in interest and fees earned on finance receivables that were either paid off or paid down since the second quarter of 2018. The decrease in revenue was offset by a $2.7 million increase in interest and fees earned on new and existing finance receivables.

Provision for Credit Losses and Impairment Expense

We did not recognize any credit loss provision or impairment expense during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation, stock-based compensation and related costs for management, staff, Board of Directors, legal and audit expenses, and corporate governance. General and administrative expenses increased to $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 from $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, which was primarily due to an increase in the performance-based bonus accrual.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2019 reflected a net fair market value gain of $0.7 million on our warrant derivatives. Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2018, reflected a net fair market value loss of $0.2 million on our warrant derivatives and a net fair market value loss of $0.5 million on our equity securities.

Income Tax Expense

We recognized deferred income tax expense of $0.7 million and $1.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The decrease in deferred income tax expense was primarily due to the change in fair value of our warrant assets and equity securities, which created a lower effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 (in millions)

We generated revenues of $15.0 million and $13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which consisted of interest and fees earned on our finance receivables. The increase in revenue is primarily due to a $4.3 million increase in interest and fees earned on new and existing finance receivables and $2.9 million in exit and prepayment fees from a loan that was paid off in the first quarter of 2019. The increase in revenue was offset by a $5.7 million decrease in interest and fees earned on finance receivables that were paid off or paid down since the second quarter of 2018, including $2.9 million of prepayment and exit fees earned on two finance receivables that were paid off in 2018.

Provision for Credit Losses and Impairment Expense

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we recognized credit loss provision expense of $0.6 million related to the Besivance® royalty, which was due to increases in sales chargebacks and various rebates (gross sales to net sales deductions) and lower sales volumes. Please refer to Item 1. Financial Statements, Note 3 of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the provision for credit loss recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

We recognized an allowance for credit loss on a royalty purchase of $1.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 related to the Cambia® royalty, which was due to reduced sales expectations.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation, stock-based compensation and related costs for management, staff, Board of Directors, legal and audit expenses, and corporate governance. General and administrative expenses increased to $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was primarily due to an increase in the performance-based bonus accrual.

Other Income (Expense), Net

 Other income, net for the six months ended June 30, 2019 reflected a $1.0 million net fair market value gain on our warrant derivatives. Other income (expense) for the six months ended June 30, 2018, reflected a $0.1 million net fair market value gain on our warrant derivatives and a net fair market value loss of $0.7 million on our equity securities.

Income Tax Provision

As of June 30, 2019, we had NOLs for federal income tax purposes of $365.0 million. The federal NOL carryforwards, if not offset against future income, will expire by 2032, with the majority expiring by 2021. Deferred income tax expense decreased to $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 from $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in deferred income tax expense was primarily due to the change in fair value of our warrant assets and equity securities, which created a lower effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2019, we had $27.4 million in cash and cash equivalents, compared to $20.2 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2018. The primary driver of the net increase in our cash balance was $43.7 million of interest, fees, and principal payments generated by our finance receivables, which includes $27.7 million received from the payoff of two terms loans. The increase in our cash balance was offset by $32.3 million, net of origination costs and fees, of new and add-on investment funding.

Our ability to generate cash in the future depends primarily upon our success in implementing our business model of generating income by providing capital to a broad range of life science companies, institutions and inventors. We generate income primarily from four sources:

As of June 30, 2019, our portfolio contains $169.2 million of finance receivables and $0.5 million of corporate debt securities. We expect these assets to generate positive cash flows in 2019. We continue to evaluate multiple attractive opportunities that, if consummated, we believe would similarly generate additional income. Since the timing of any investment is difficult to predict, we may not be able to generate positive cash flow above what our existing assets will produce in 2019.

We entered into a $20 million revolving credit facility in June 2018. We intend to borrow funds to make investments to the extent we determine that additional capital would allow us to take advantage of additional investment opportunities. The total undrawn amount of the credit facility as of June 30, 2019 was $20 million, and based on available future investment opportunities, we may seek to increase our revolving credit facility.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded in our consolidated financial statements. These transactions involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used primarily to manage partner companies’ requests for funding and take the form of loan commitments and lines of credit.

The contractual amounts of commitments to extend credit represent the amounts of potential accounting loss should the contract be fully drawn upon, the partner company defaults, and the value of any existing collateral becomes worthless. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. Please refer to Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1. 

ITEM 3.      QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, our cash and cash equivalents were deposited in accounts at well capitalized financial institutions. The fair value of our cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2019 approximated its carrying value.

Investment and Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. As we seek to provide capital to a broad range of life science companies, institutions and investors, our net investment income is dependent, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we earn on our cash and cash equivalents and the rate at which we lend those funds to third parties. As a result, we would be subject to risks relating to changes in market interest rates. We may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit our exposure to interest rate fluctuations by providing capital at variable interest rates.  We constantly monitor our portfolio and position our portfolio to respond appropriately to a reduction in credit rating of any of our investments.

During 2018, we entered into a revolving credit facility. As we borrow funds to make additional investments, our income will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds and the rate at which we invest those funds. As a result, we are subject to risks relating to changes in market interest rates. In periods of rising interest rates when we have debt outstanding, our cost of funds would increase, which could reduce our income, especially to the extent we continue to hold fixed rate investments. If deemed prudent, we may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to minimize our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation has had a significant impact on our revenues or operations.

ITEM 4.      CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In connection with the preparation of this report, our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes during the six months ended June 30, 2019 in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.      LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are involved in, or have been involved in, arbitrations or various other legal proceedings that arise from the normal course of our business. We cannot predict the timing or outcome of these claims and other proceedings. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain, and either unfavorable or favorable outcomes could have a material negative impact on our results of operations, balance sheets and cash flows due to defense costs, and divert management resources. Currently, we are not involved in any arbitration and/or other legal proceeding that we expect to have a material effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS.

Information regarding the Company’s risk factors appears in “Part I. – Item 1A. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 28, 2019. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

ITEM 2.      UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On December 21, 2018, the Board authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $3.5 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 312,491 common shares, in accordance with all applicable securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act. The purchase period was December 21, 2018 through May 31, 2019.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 222,566 shares of its outstanding common stock. Of the total 222,566 shares, 143,000 were repurchased under the share repurchase program at a total cost of $1.4 million, or $9.59 per share. The share repurchase program expired on May 31, 2019.

The table below summarizes information about our purchases of common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2019:

None.

Not Applicable.

None.