SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2017 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________________

Quarterly report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017

Commission file number 1-10312

______________________________

SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

______________________________



Georgia		58-1134883
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



1111 Bay Avenue Suite 500, Columbus, Georgia		31901
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (706) 649-2311

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value Series B Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock Purchase Rights Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C	New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

______________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES x NO ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨

Non-accelerated filer	¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨

		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 7(a)2(B) of the Securities Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ¨ NO x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s class of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.



Class				July 31, 2017
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value				121,501,638

Table of Contents



			Page
Part I.	Financial Information
		Index of Defined Terms	i
	Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	1
		Consolidated Statements of Income for the Six and Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	2
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Six and Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	3
		Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	4
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	5
		Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	43
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	71
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	71

Part II.	Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	72
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	72
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	72
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	73
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	73
	Item 5.	Other Information	73
	Item 6.	Exhibits	74
	Signatures		75

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SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS

ALCO – Synovus' Asset Liability Management Committee

ASC – Accounting Standards Codification

ASU – Accounting Standards Update

ATM – Automatic teller machine

Basel III – A global regulatory framework developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

BOLI – Bank-Owned Life Insurance

BOV – Broker’s opinion of value

bp – Basis point (bps - basis points)

C&I – Commercial and industrial loans

CCC – Central clearing counterparty

CET1 – Common Equity Tier 1 Capital defined by Basel III capital rules

CME – Chicago Mercantile Exchange

CMO – Collateralized Mortgage Obligation

Code – Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended

Company – Synovus Financial Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, except where the context requires otherwise

Covered Litigation – Certain Visa litigation for which Visa is indemnified by Visa USA members

CRE – Commercial real estate

DIF – Deposit Insurance Fund

Dodd-Frank Act – The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

EVE – economic value of equity

Exchange Act – Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board

FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Federal Reserve Bank – The 12 banks that are the operating arms of the U.S. central bank. They implement the policies of the Federal Reserve Board and also conduct economic research.

Federal Reserve Board – The 7-member Board of Governors that oversees the Federal Reserve System, establishes monetary policy, and monitors the economic health of the country. Its members are appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation, and serve 14-year terms.

Federal Reserve System – The 12 Federal Reserve Banks, with each one serving member banks in its own district. This system, supervised by the Federal Reserve Board, has broad regulatory powers over the money supply and the credit structure.

FFIEC – Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council

FHLB – Federal Home Loan Bank

FICO – Fair Isaac Corporation

GA DBF – Georgia Department of Banking and Finance

GAAP – Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America

GGL – government guaranteed loans

Global One – Entaire Global Companies, Inc., the parent company of Global One Financial, Inc., as acquired by Synovus on October 1, 2016. Throughout this Report, we refer to this acquisition as "Global One."

Table of Contents

HELOC – Home equity line of credit

LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate

LTV – Loan-to-collateral value ratio

NAICS – North American Industry Classification System

nm – not meaningful

NPA – Non-performing assets

NPL – Non-performing loans

NSF – Non-sufficient funds

OCI – Other comprehensive income

OTC– Over-the-counter

ORE – Other real estate

OTTI – Other-than-temporary impairment

Parent Company – Synovus Financial Corp.

SBA – Small Business Administration

SCM – State, county, and municipal

SEC – U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Securities Act – Securities Act of 1933, as amended

Series C Preferred Stock – Synovus' Fixed-to-Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C, $25 liquidation preference

Synovus – Synovus Financial Corp.

Synovus Bank – A Georgia state-chartered bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of Synovus through which Synovus conducts its banking operations

Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K – Synovus' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016

Synovus Mortgage – Synovus Mortgage Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Synovus Bank

Synovus Securities – Synovus Securities, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Synovus

Synovus Trust – Synovus Trust Company, N.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Synovus Bank

TDR – Troubled debt restructuring (as defined in ASC 310-40)

Treasury – United States Department of the Treasury

VIE – Variable interest entity, as defined in ASC 810-10

Visa – The Visa U.S.A., Inc. card association or its affiliates, collectively

Visa Class B shares – Class B shares of common stock issued by Visa which are subject to restrictions with respect to sale until all of the Covered Litigation has been settled

Visa Derivative – A derivative contract with the purchaser of Visa Class B shares which provides for settlements between the purchaser and Synovus based upon a change in the ratio for conversion of Visa Class B shares into Visa Class A shares

Warrant – A warrant issued to the Treasury by Synovus to purchase up to 2,215,820 shares of Synovus common stock at a per share exercise price of $65.52 expiring on December 19, 2018, as was issued by Synovus to Treasury in 2008 in connection with the Capital Purchase Program, promulgated under the Emergency Stabilization Act of 2008

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)



(in thousands, except share and per share data)	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	377,213		395,175
Interest bearing funds with Federal Reserve Bank	468,148			527,090
Interest earning deposits with banks	6,012			18,720
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	46,847			58,060
Trading account assets, at fair value	3,045			9,314
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value	61,893			51,545
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	3,827,058			3,718,195
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs	24,430,512			23,856,391
Allowance for loan losses	(248,095		)	(251,758	)
Loans, net	$	24,182,417		23,604,633
Premises and equipment, net	416,364			417,485
Goodwill	57,092			59,678
Other intangible assets	11,843			13,223
Other real estate	19,476			22,308
Deferred tax asset, net	320,403			395,356
Other assets	890,155			813,220
Total assets	$	30,687,966		30,104,002
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing deposits	$	7,363,476		7,085,804
Interest bearing deposits, excluding brokered deposits	16,387,032			16,183,273
Brokered deposits	1,468,308			1,378,983
Total deposits	25,218,816			24,648,060
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	150,379			159,699
Long-term debt	2,107,245			2,160,881
Other liabilities	213,579			207,438
Total liabilities	$	27,690,019		27,176,078
Shareholders' Equity
Series C Preferred Stock – no par value. Authorized 100,000,000 shares; 5,200,000 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	$	125,980		125,980
Common stock - $1.00 par value. Authorized 342,857,143 shares; 142,498,906 issued at June 30, 2017 and 142,025,720 issued at December 31, 2016; 121,661,092 outstanding at June 30, 2017 and 122,266,106 outstanding at December 31, 2016	142,499			142,026
Additional paid-in capital	3,029,754			3,028,405
Treasury stock, at cost – 20,837,814 shares at June 30, 2017 and 19,759,614 shares at December 31, 2016	(709,944		)	(664,595	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(47,865		)	(55,659	)
Retained earnings	457,523			351,767
Total shareholders’ equity	2,997,947			2,927,924
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	30,687,966		30,104,002

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2017			2016		2017			2016
Interest income:
Loans, including fees	$	511,319		462,892		$	261,971		232,974
Investment securities available for sale	40,099			33,655		20,266			16,685
Trading account assets	49			34		21			12
Mortgage loans held for sale	972			1,238		505			650
Federal Reserve Bank balances	2,515			2,019		1,304			1,020
Other earning assets	2,957			1,878		1,443			1,052
Total interest income	557,911			501,716		285,510			252,393
Interest expense:
Deposits	35,075			32,214		18,118			16,200
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	84			96		45			51
Long-term debt	31,728			29,763		16,250			14,693
Total interest expense	66,887			62,073		34,413			30,944
Net interest income	491,024			439,643		251,097			221,449
Provision for loan losses	18,934			16,070		10,260			6,693
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	472,090			423,573		240,837			214,756
Non-interest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts	39,593			39,950		19,820			20,240
Fiduciary and asset management fees	24,676			22,854		12,524			11,580
Brokerage revenue	14,436			13,821		7,210			7,338
Mortgage banking income	11,548			11,425		5,784			5,941
Bankcard fees	16,438			16,718		8,253			8,346
Investment securities gains (losses), net	7,667			67		(1		)	—
(Decrease) increase in fair value of private equity investments, net	(3,166		)	(278	)	(1,352		)	113
Other fee income	11,033			10,084		6,164			5,280
Other non-interest income	18,314			16,392		10,299			9,048
Total non-interest income	140,539			131,033		68,701			67,886
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and other personnel expense	212,404			198,419		105,213			97,061
Net occupancy and equipment expense	59,264			53,360		29,933			26,783
Third-party processing expense	26,223			22,814		13,620			11,698
FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees	13,645			13,344		6,875			6,625
Professional fees	12,907			13,307		7,551			6,938
Advertising expense	11,258			9,761		5,346			7,351
Foreclosed real estate expense, net	3,582			7,272		1,448			4,588
Earnout liability adjustment	1,707			—		1,707			—
Merger-related expense	86			—		—			—
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net	—			4,735		—			—
Fair value adjustment to Visa derivative	—			720		—			360
Restructuring charges, net	6,524			6,981		13			5,841
Other operating expenses	41,533			46,131		20,041			21,366
Total non-interest expense	389,133			376,844		191,747			188,611
Income before income taxes	223,496			177,762		117,791			94,031
Income tax expense	75,635			64,773		41,788			33,574
Net income	147,861			112,989		76,003			60,457
Dividends on preferred stock	5,119			5,119		2,559			2,559
Net income available to common shareholders	$	142,742		107,870		$	73,444		57,898
Net income per common share, basic	$	1.17		0.85		$	0.60		0.46
Net income per common share, diluted	1.16			0.85		0.60			0.46
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	122,251			126,164		122,203			125,100
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	123,043			126,778		123,027			125,699

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017									2016
(in thousands)	Before-tax Amount			Tax (Expense) Benefit			Net of Tax Amount			Before-tax Amount		Tax (Expense) Benefit		Net of Tax Amount
Net income	$	223,496		(75,635	)		147,861			177,762		(64,773	)	112,989
Net change related to cash flow hedges:
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income	130			(50	)		80			337		(130	)	207
Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale:
Reclassification adjustment for net gains realized in net income	(7,667		)	2,952			(4,715		)	(67	)	26		(41	)
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	20,250			(7,797	)		12,453			66,215		(25,493	)	40,722
Net unrealized gains	12,583			(4,845	)		7,738			66,148		(25,467	)	40,681
Post-retirement unfunded health benefit:
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income	(40		)	16			(24		)	(104	)	40		(64	)
Actuarial gains arising during the period	—			—		—	—			—		—		—
Net unrealized (realized) gains	$	(40	)	16			(24		)	(104	)	40		(64	)
Other comprehensive income	$	12,673		(4,879	)		7,794			66,381		(25,557	)	40,824
Comprehensive income							$	155,655						153,813



	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017									2016
(in thousands)	Before-tax Amount			Tax (Expense) Benefit			Net of Tax Amount			Before-tax Amount		Tax (Expense) Benefit		Net of Tax Amount
Net income	$	117,791		(41,788	)		76,003			94,031		(33,574	)	60,457
Net change related to cash flow hedges:
Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in net income	65			(25	)		40			64		(25	)	39
Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale:
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized in net income	1			—			1			—		—		—
Net unrealized gains arising during the period	11,150			(4,293	)		6,857			19,044		(7,332	)	11,712
Net unrealized gains	11,151			(4,293	)		6,858			19,044		(7,332	)	11,712
Post-retirement unfunded health benefit:
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income	(20		)	8			(12		)	(10	)	4		(6	)
Actuarial gains arising during the period	—			—		—	—			—		—		—
Net unrealized (realized) gains	$	(20	)	8			(12		)	(10	)	4		(6	)
Other comprehensive income	$	11,196		(4,310	)		6,886			19,098		(7,353	)	11,745
Comprehensive income							$	82,889						72,202

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

(unaudited)



(in thousands, except per share data)	Series C Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Retained Earnings		Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	125,980	140,592		2,989,981		(401,511	)	(29,819	)	174,973		3,000,196
Net income	—		—		—		—		—		112,989		112,989
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	—		—		—		—		40,824		—		40,824
Cash dividends declared on common stock -$0.24 per share	—		—		—		—		—		(30,015	)	(30,015	)
Cash dividends paid on Series C Preferred Stock	—		—		—		—		—		(5,119	)	(5,119	)
Repurchases of common stock	—		—				(171,547	)	—		—		(171,547	)
Restricted share unit activity	—		298		(4,814	)	—		—		(89	)	(4,605	)
Stock options exercised	—		118		1,917		—		—		—		2,035
Share-based compensation net tax benefit	—		—		52		—		—		—		52
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		6,849		—		—		—		6,849
Balance at June 30, 2016	$	125,980	141,008		2,993,985		(573,058	)	11,005		252,739		2,951,659

Balance at December 31, 2016	$	125,980	142,026		3,028,405		(664,595	)	(55,659	)	351,767		2,927,924
Net income	—		—		—		—		—		147,861		147,861
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes	—		—		—		—		7,794		—		7,794
Cash dividends declared on common stock - $0.30 per share	—		—		—		—		—		(36,696	)	(36,696	)
Cash dividends paid on Series C Preferred Stock	—		—		—		—		—		(5,119	)	(5,119	)
Repurchases of common stock	—		—		—		(45,349	)	—		—		(45,349	)
Restricted share unit activity	—		330		(7,850	)	—		—		(290	)	(7,810	)
Stock options exercised	—		143		2,361		—		—		—		2,504
Share-based compensation expense	—		—		6,838		—		—		—		6,838
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	125,980	$	142,499	3,029,754		(709,944	)	(47,865	)	457,523		2,997,947

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)



	Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016
Operating Activities
Net income	$	147,861		112,989
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for loan losses	18,934			16,070
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion, net	29,334			28,506
Deferred income tax expense	70,484			61,283
Decrease in trading account assets	6,269			4,096
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	(325,094		)	(320,304	)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale	323,861			299,186
Gain on sales of mortgage loans held for sale, net	(7,049		)	(6,946	)
Increase in other assets	(14,525		)	(33,152	)
(Decrease) increase in other liabilities	(9,667		)	13,162
Investment securities gains, net	(7,667		)	(67	)
Losses and write-downs on other real estate, net	2,856			6,089
Decrease in fair value of private equity investments, net	3,166			278
Losses and write-downs on other assets held for sale, net	—			7,902
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net	—			4,735
Share-based compensation expense	6,838			6,849
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	245,601		200,676
Investing Activities
Net decrease (increase) in interest earning deposits with banks	12,708			(7,154	)
Net decrease (increase) in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	11,213			(7,866	)
Net decrease (increase) in interest bearing funds with Federal Reserve Bank	58,942			(74,519	)
Proceeds from maturities and principal collections of investment securities available for sale	313,902			443,128
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale	338,381			243,609
Purchases of investment securities available for sale	(748,754		)	(623,046	)
Proceeds from sales of loans	10,747			7,739
Proceeds from sales of other real estate	5,492			16,282
Net increase in loans	(612,309		)	(660,778	)
Purchases of bank-owned life insurance policies	(75,000		)	—
Net increase in premises and equipment	(15,386		)	(16,769	)
Proceeds from sales of other assets held for sale	3,158			296
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(696,906	)	(679,078	)
Financing Activities
Net increase in demand and savings deposits	367,450			595,342
Net increase in certificates of deposit	202,927			87,466
Net (decrease) increase in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	(9,320		)	70,154
Repayments on long-term debt	(1,128,591		)	(1,455,067	)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	1,075,000			1,400,000
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(18,349		)	(30,015	)
Dividends paid to preferred shareholders	(5,119		)	(5,119	)
Stock options exercised	2,504			2,035
Repurchases of common stock	(45,349		)	(171,547	)
Restricted stock activity	(7,810		)	(4,605	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	433,343		488,644
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(17,962		)	10,242
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	395,175			367,092
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	377,213		377,334

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Income tax payments, net	$	8,768	5,849
Interest paid	67,007		64,424
Non-cash Activities
Premises and equipment transferred to other assets held for sale	—		18,677
Other assets held for sale transferred to premises and equipment	4,450		—
Loans foreclosed and transferred to other real estate	5,516		8,631
Loans transferred to other loans held for sale at fair value	10,584		7,314
Dividends declared on common stock during the period but paid after period-end	18,349		—

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies

Business Operations

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of Synovus Financial Corp. include the accounts of the Parent Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. Synovus Financial Corp. is a financial services company based in Columbus, Georgia. Through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Synovus Bank, a Georgia state-chartered bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System, the company provides commercial and retail banking in addition to a full suite of specialized products and services including private banking, treasury management, wealth management, premium finance and international banking.

Synovus Bank is positioned in some of the highest growth markets in the Southeast, with 248 branches and 327 ATMs in Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to the SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X; therefore, they do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. All adjustments consisting of normally recurring accruals that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and results of operations for the periods covered by this Report have been included. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K. There have been no significant changes to the accounting policies as disclosed in Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K.

In preparing the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the respective consolidated balance sheets and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the fair value of investment securities, the fair value of private equity investments, and contingent liabilities related to legal matters.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and due from banks. At December 31, 2016, $533 thousand of the due from banks balance was restricted as to withdrawal. There were no cash and cash equivalents restricted as to withdrawal at June 30, 2017.

Short-term Investments

Short-term investments consist of interest bearing funds with the Federal Reserve Bank, interest earning deposits with banks, and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, interest bearing funds with the Federal Reserve Bank included $120.5 million and $130.0 million, respectively, on deposit to meet Federal Reserve Bank requirements. Interest earning deposits with banks include $5.9 million and $5.6 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which are pledged as collateral in connection with certain letters of credit. Federal funds sold include $43.3 million and $56.1 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which are pledged to collateralize certain derivative financial instruments. Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements, and federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, generally mature in one day.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards Updates

During 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 simplifies various aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions for both public and nonpublic entities, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. This accounting standard update includes a requirement to record all tax effects associated with share-based compensation through the income statement. Prior to 2017, tax benefits in excess of compensation cost (“windfalls”) and tax deficiencies (“shortfalls”) were recorded in equity. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, Synovus recognized $4.5 million and $378 thousand, respectively, of income tax benefits from excess tax benefits that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2017 from the vesting of restricted share units and exercise of stock options. As of January 1, 2017, Synovus had no previously unrecognized excess tax benefits. Additionally, beginning January 1, 2017, Synovus modified the denominator in the diluted earnings per common share calculation under the treasury stock method to exclude future excess tax benefits as part of the assumed proceeds. Synovus elected to retain its existing accounting policy election to estimate award forfeitures.

During 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes: Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which became effective January 1, 2017. ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred income tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in the statement of financial position instead of separating deferred taxes into current and noncurrent amounts. Also, valuation allowances will no longer be classified between current and noncurrent because these allowances will be required to be classified as noncurrent under the new standard. This ASU only impacts classification in the balance sheet, and has no impact on required deferred tax footnote disclosures (i.e., required presentation of “gross” deferred tax assets and “gross” deferred tax liabilities). The current requirement that deferred tax liabilities and assets of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by this ASU. There is no impact to our balance sheet as a result of this standard because Synovus has not historically distinguished deferred taxes on the balance sheet as current vs. non-current.

Reclassifications

Prior periods' consolidated financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current periods' presentation.

Note 2 - Acquisition

On October 1, 2016, Synovus completed its acquisition of all of the outstanding stock of Global One. Prior to its acquisition, Global One was an Atlanta-based private specialty financial services company that lended primarily to commercial entities, with all loans fully collateralized by cash value life insurance policies and/or annuities issued by investment grade life insurance companies. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Synovus acquired Global One for an up-front payment of $30 million, consisting of the issuance of 821 thousand shares of Synovus common stock valued at $26.6 million and $3.4 million in cash, with additional payments to Global One's former shareholders over the next three to five years based on earnings from the Global One business as further discussed below.

The acquisition of Global One constituted a business combination. Accordingly, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at their estimated fair values as shown in the following table. The determination of fair value required management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected earnings and cash flows, market conditions, future loan growth, and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and subject to change. These fair value estimates reflect measurement period adjustments to the amounts reported as of December 31, 2016, the most significant of which consist of a reduction in goodwill of $2.6 million and a decrease in the estimated fair value of contingent consideration of $1.8 million (the income statement impact of such adjustments was insignificant). These fair value estimates are considered preliminary and are subject to change for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information becomes available.



Global One	October 1, 2016
(in thousands)	Fair Value
Assets acquired:
Cash and due from banks	$	9,554
Commercial and industrial loans⁽¹⁾	357,307
Goodwill⁽²⁾	32,661
Other intangible assets	12,500
Other assets	3,904
Total assets acquired	$	415,926
Liabilities assumed:
Notes payable⁽³⁾	$	358,560
Contingent consideration	12,234
Deferred tax liability, net	3,229
Other liabilities	11,903
Total liabilities assumed	$	385,926
Consideration paid	$	30,000

Cash paid	$	3,408
Fair value of common stock issued	26,592

⁽¹⁾The unpaid principal balance of the loans was $356.7 million.

⁽²⁾The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

⁽³⁾ The unpaid principal balance of the notes payable was $357.0 million.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, the purchase price includes additional annual payments ("Earnout Payments") to Global One's former shareholders over the next three to five years, with amounts based on a percentage of "Global One Earnings," as defined in the merger agreement. The Earnout Payments will consist of shares of Synovus common stock as well as a smaller cash consideration component.

Other intangible assets consist of existing borrower relationships (11 years useful life), trade name (10 years useful life), and distribution network (8 years useful life) with June 30, 2017 net carrying values of $10.1 million, $1.0 million, and $544 thousand, respectively.

The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities:

Commercial and industrial loans: The fair value of loans was determined based on a discounted cash flow approach. The most significant assumptions used in the valuation of the loan portfolio consisted of the prepayment rate, the probability of extension at maturity, the interest rates on extended loans, and the discount rates. All loans are fully collateralized by cash value life insurance policies and/or annuities issued by investment grade insurance companies. Based on a history of no principal losses on the loan portfolio since inception as well as the collateral position, no losses were estimated in the event of default.

Notes payable: The notes payable were extinguished immediately after the closing of the acquisition. Accordingly, the fair value of notes payable was determined based on the amounts paid to extinguish such notes, inclusive of applicable prepayment penalties, which is consistent with the perspective of a market participant.

Contingent consideration: The fair value of the contingent consideration, which represents the fair value of the above referenced Earnout Payments, was determined based on option pricing methods and a Monte Carlo simulation. The most significant assumptions used in the valuation of the contingent consideration were the expected cash flows, volatility, and discount rates. Future changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration will be recognized in earnings until the contingent consideration arrangement is settled.

Note 3 - Share Repurchase Program

Synovus' Board of Directors authorized an up to $200 million share repurchase program that will expire at the end of 2017. This program was announced on January 17, 2017. As of June 30, 2017, Synovus had repurchased under this program a total of $45.3 million, or 1.1 million shares, at an average price of $42.04 per share.

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Note 4 - Investment Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair values of investment securities available for sale at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized below.



	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	83,493	—	(360	)	83,133
U.S. Government agency securities	12,088		223	—		12,311
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	132,710		640	(1,125	)	132,225
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	2,881,234		6,169	(30,998	)	2,856,405
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	734,804		84	(12,468	)	722,420
State and municipal securities	290		—	—		290
Corporate debt and other securities	20,279		205	(210	)	20,274
Total investment securities available for sale	$	3,864,898	7,321	(45,161	)	3,827,058

	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	108,221	225	(644	)	107,802
U.S. Government agency securities	12,727		266	—		12,993
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	174,440		1,116	(1,354	)	174,202
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	2,543,495		5,416	(42,571	)	2,506,340
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	905,789		1,214	(16,561	)	890,442
State and municipal securities	2,780		14	—		2,794
Equity securities	919		2,863	—		3,782
Corporate debt and other securities	20,247		—	(407	)	19,840
Total investment securities available for sale	$	3,768,618	11,114	(61,537	)	3,718,195

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, investment securities with a carrying value of $1.73 billion and $2.04 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure certain deposits and securities sold under repurchase agreements as required by law and contractual agreements.

Synovus has reviewed investment securities that are in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 for OTTI and does not consider any securities in an unrealized loss position to be other-than-temporarily impaired. If Synovus intended to sell a security in an unrealized loss position, the entire unrealized loss would be reflected in earnings. Synovus does not intend to sell investment securities in an unrealized loss position prior to the recovery of the unrealized loss, which may be until maturity, and has the ability and intent to hold those securities for that period of time. Additionally, Synovus is not currently aware of any circumstances which will require it to sell any of the securities that are in an unrealized loss position prior to the respective securities' recovery of all such unrealized losses.

Declines in the fair value of available for sale securities below their cost that are deemed to have OTTI are reflected in earnings as realized losses to the extent the impairment is related to credit losses. The amount of the impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. Currently, unrealized losses on debt securities are attributable to increases in interest rates on comparable securities from the date of purchase. Synovus regularly evaluates its investment securities portfolio to ensure that there are no conditions that would indicate that unrealized losses represent OTTI. These factors include the length of time the security has been in a loss position, the extent that the fair value is below amortized cost, and the credit standing of the issuer. As of June 30, 2017, Synovus had 92 investment securities in a loss position for less than twelve months and 3 investment securities in a loss position for twelve months or longer.

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Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are presented below.



	June 30, 2017
	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or Longer		Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury securities	$	64,342	360	—	—	64,342	360
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	95,492		1,125	—	—	95,492	1,125
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	2,161,449		30,998	—	—	2,161,449	30,998
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	668,342		11,678	23,212	790	691,554	12,468
Corporate debt and other securities	—		—	5,069	210	5,069	210
Total	$	2,989,625	44,161	28,281	1,000	3,017,906	45,161

	December 31, 2016
	Less than 12 Months			12 Months or Longer		Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Gross Unrealized Losses	Fair Value	Gross Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasury securities	$	64,023	644	—	—	64,023	644
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	128,121		1,240	3,626	114	131,747	1,354
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	2,123,181		42,571	—	—	2,123,181	42,571
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	682,492		15,653	24,801	908	707,293	16,561
Corporate debt and other securities	14,952		48	4,888	359	19,840	407
Total	$	3,012,769	60,156	33,315	1,381	3,046,084	61,537

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The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity of investment securities available for sale at June 30, 2017 are shown below. The expected life of mortgage-backed securities or CMOs may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. For purposes of the maturity table, mortgage-backed securities and CMOs, which are not due at a single maturity date, have been classified based on the final contractual maturity date.



	Distribution of Maturities at June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Within One Year		1 to 5 Years	5 to 10 Years	More Than 10 Years	No Stated Maturity	Total
Amortized Cost
U.S. Treasury securities	$	18,791	64,702	—	—	—	83,493
U.S. Government agency securities	1,000		5,612	5,476	—	—	12,088
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	—		—	34,868	97,842	—	132,710
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	47		2,262	535,035	2,343,890	—	2,881,234
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—	22,173	712,631	—	734,804
State and municipal securities	110		180	—	—	—	290
Corporate debt and other securities	—		—	15,000	2,000	3,279	20,279
Total amortized cost	$	19,948	72,756	612,552	3,156,363	3,279	3,864,898

Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities	$	18,791	64,342	—	—	—	83,133
U.S. Government agency securities	1,004		5,682	5,625	—	—	12,311
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	—		—	35,007	97,218	—	132,225
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	48		2,390	529,968	2,323,999	—	2,856,405
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		—	21,950	700,470	—	722,420
State and municipal securities	110		180	—	—	—	290
Corporate debt and other securities	—		—	15,205	1,927	3,142	20,274
Total fair value	$	19,953	72,594	607,755	3,123,614	3,142	3,827,058

Proceeds from sales, gross gains, and gross losses on sales of securities available for sale for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are presented below. The specific identification method is used to reclassify gains and losses out of other comprehensive income at the time of sale.



	Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016		2017			2016
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale	$	338,381		243,609		$	55,752		—
Gross realized gains on sales	7,942			954		239			—
Gross realized losses on sales	(275		)	(887	)	(240		)	—
Investment securities gains, net	$	7,667		67		$	(1	)	—

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Note 5 - Restructuring Charges

For the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, total restructuring charges consist of the following components:



	Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016	2017			2016
Severance charges	$	6,453		—	$	—		—
Lease termination charges	—			31	—			(13	)
Asset impairment charges	—			6,866	—			5,821
Loss (gain) on sale of assets held for sale, net	(4		)	13	(4		)	13
Other charges	75			71	17			20
Total restructuring charges, net	$	6,524		6,981	$	13		5,841

During the first quarter of 2017, Synovus recorded severance charges of $6.5 million including $6.2 million for termination benefits incurred in conjunction with a voluntary early retirement program offered during the first quarter of 2017. This program was part of Synovus' ongoing efficiency initiatives. The $6.2 million accrual was based on the benefits to be paid to employees who accepted the early retirement offer on or prior to the expiration of the program on March 30, 2017. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, Synovus recorded restructuring charges of $5.8 million with $4.8 million of those charges related to Synovus' corporate real estate optimization activities and $1.0 million associated with branch closures. Restructuring charges associated with branch closures during the first quarter of 2016 totaled $1.1 million.

The following tables present aggregate activity within the accrual for restructuring charges for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:



(in thousands)	Severance Charges			Lease Termination Charges		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	81		3,968		4,049
Accruals for voluntary and involuntary termination benefits	6,453			—		6,453
Payments	(2,803		)	(438	)	(3,241	)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	3,731		3,530		7,261

Balance at April 1, 2017	6,315			3,689		10,004
Payments	(2,584		)	(159	)	(2,743	)
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	3,731		3,530		7,261



(in thousands)	Severance Charges			Lease Termination Charges		Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	1,930		4,687		6,617
Accruals for lease terminations	—			31		31
Payments	(1,337		)	(343	)	(1,680	)
Balance at June 30, 2016	$	593		4,375		4,968

Balance at April 1, 2016	1,533			4,545		6,078
Accruals for lease terminations	—			(13	)	(13	)
Payments	(940		)	(157	)	(1,097	)
Balance at June 30, 2016	$	593		4,375		4,968

All other charges were paid in the quarters that they were incurred. No other restructuring charges resulted in payment accruals.

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Note 6 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

The following is a summary of current, accruing past due, and non-accrual loans by portfolio class as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.



Current, Accruing Past Due, and Non-accrual Loans
	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Current		Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due	Accruing 90 Days or Greater Past Due	Total Accruing Past Due	Non-accrual	Total
Investment properties	$	6,028,397	3,482	72	3,554	3,712	6,035,663
1-4 family properties	818,327		8,657	101	8,758	8,535	835,620
Land and development	529,967		1,964	126	2,090	10,931	542,988
Total commercial real estate	7,376,691		14,103	299	14,402	23,178	7,414,271
Commercial, financial and agricultural	6,915,588		14,670	765	15,435	69,550	7,000,573
Owner-occupied	4,715,325		9,291	801	10,092	24,918	4,750,335
Total commercial and industrial	11,630,913		23,961	1,566	25,527	94,468	11,750,908
Home equity lines	1,533,528		8,286	705	8,991	20,648	1,563,167
Consumer mortgages	2,444,866		7,141	623	7,764	18,035	2,470,665
Credit cards	223,092		1,550	1,258	2,808	—	225,900
Other consumer loans	1,021,355		7,197	99	7,296	2,988	1,031,639
Total consumer	5,222,841		24,174	2,685	26,859	41,671	5,291,371
Total loans	$	24,230,445	62,238	4,550	66,788	159,317	24,456,550	⁽¹	⁾

	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Current		Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due	Accruing 90 Days or Greater Past Due	Total Accruing Past Due	Non-accrual	Total
Investment properties	$	5,861,198	2,795	—	2,795	5,268	5,869,261
1-4 family properties	873,231		4,801	161	4,962	9,114	887,307
Land and development	591,732		1,441	—	1,441	16,233	609,406
Total commercial real estate	7,326,161		9,037	161	9,198	30,615	7,365,974
Commercial, financial and agricultural	6,846,591		9,542	720	10,262	59,074	6,915,927
Owner-occupied	4,601,356		17,913	244	18,157	16,503	4,636,016
Total commercial and industrial	11,447,947		27,455	964	28,419	75,577	11,551,943
Home equity lines	1,585,228		10,013	473	10,486	21,551	1,617,265
Consumer mortgages	2,265,966		7,876	81	7,957	22,681	2,296,604
Credit cards	229,177		1,819	1,417	3,236	—	232,413
Other consumer loans	809,419		5,771	39	5,810	2,954	818,183
Total consumer	4,889,790		25,479	2,010	27,489	47,186	4,964,465
Total loans	$	23,663,898	61,971	3,135	65,106	153,378	23,882,382	⁽²	⁾

⁽¹⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $26.0 million.

⁽²⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $26.0 million.

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The credit quality of the loan portfolio is reviewed and updated no less frequently than quarterly using the standard asset classification system utilized by the federal banking agencies. These classifications are divided into three groups – Not Criticized (Pass), Special Mention, and Classified or Adverse rating (Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss) and are defined as follows:

Pass - loans which are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell in a timely manner, of any underlying collateral.

Special Mention - loans which have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification.

Substandard - loans which are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans with this classification are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - loans which have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values.

Loss - loans which are considered by management to be uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance on the institution's books as an asset, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted.

In the following tables, consumer loans are generally assigned a risk grade similar to the classifications described above; however, upon reaching 90 days and 120 days past due, they are generally downgraded to Substandard and Loss, respectively, in accordance with the FFIEC Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Additionally, in accordance with the Interagency Supervisory Guidance on Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses Estimation Practices for Loans and Lines of Credit Secured by Junior Liens on 1-4 Family Residential Properties, the risk grade classifications of consumer loans (home equity lines and consumer mortgages) secured by junior liens on 1-4 family residential properties also consider available information on the payment status of any associated senior liens with other financial institutions.

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Loan Portfolio Credit Exposure by Risk Grade
	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention	Substandard⁽¹⁾	Doubtful⁽²⁾	Loss		Total
Investment properties	$	5,952,286	61,451	21,926	—	—		6,035,663
1-4 family properties	788,665		24,169	22,559	227	—		835,620
Land and development	477,974		40,576	21,227	3,211	—		542,988
Total commercial real estate	7,218,925		126,196	65,712	3,438	—		7,414,271
Commercial, financial and agricultural	6,710,038		124,412	160,354	5,629	140	⁽³⁾	7,000,573
Owner-occupied	4,590,414		52,101	106,410	1,410	—		4,750,335
Total commercial and industrial	11,300,452		176,513	266,764	7,039	140		11,750,908
Home equity lines	1,535,583		—	24,812	373	2,399	⁽³⁾	1,563,167
Consumer mortgages	2,450,658		—	19,528	313	166	⁽³⁾	2,470,665
Credit cards	224,643		—	445	—	812	⁽⁴⁾	225,900
Other consumer loans	1,028,493		—	2,808	299	39	⁽³⁾	1,031,639
Total consumer	5,239,377		—	47,593	985	3,416		5,291,371
Total loans	$	23,758,754	302,709	380,069	11,462	3,556		24,456,550	⁽⁵	⁾

	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention	Substandard⁽¹⁾	Doubtful⁽²⁾	Loss		Total
Investment properties	$	5,794,626	43,336	31,299	—	—		5,869,261
1-4 family properties	826,311		33,928	26,790	278	—		887,307
Land and development	514,853		60,205	27,361	6,987	—		609,406
Total commercial real estate	7,135,790		137,469	85,450	7,265	—		7,365,974
Commercial, financial and agricultural	6,642,648		126,268	140,425	6,445	141	⁽³⁾	6,915,927
Owner-occupied	4,462,420		60,856	111,330	1,410	—		4,636,016
Total commercial and industrial	11,105,068		187,124	251,755	7,855	141		11,551,943
Home equity lines	1,589,199		—	22,774	2,892	2,400	⁽³⁾	1,617,265
Consumer mortgages	2,271,916		—	23,268	1,283	137	⁽³⁾	2,296,604
Credit cards	230,997		—	637	—	779	⁽⁴⁾	232,413
Other consumer loans	814,844		—	3,233	42	64	⁽³⁾	818,183
Total consumer	4,906,956		—	49,912	4,217	3,380		4,964,465
Total loans	$	23,147,814	324,593	387,117	19,337	3,521		23,882,382	₍₆	₎

⁽¹⁾ Includes $235.8 million and $256.6 million of Substandard accruing loans at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

⁽²⁾ The loans within this risk grade are on non-accrual status. Commercial loans generally have an allowance for loan losses in accordance with ASC 310, and retail loans generally have an allowance for loan losses equal to 50% of the loan amount.

⁽³⁾ The loans within this risk grade are on non-accrual status and have an allowance for loan losses equal to the full loan amount.

⁽⁴⁾Represent amounts that were 120 days past due. These credits are downgraded to the Loss category with an allowance for loan losses equal to the full loan amount and are generally charged off upon reaching 181 days past due in accordance with the FFIEC Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy.

⁽⁵⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $26.0 million.

⁽⁶⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $26.0 million.

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The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses by loan segment for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017.



Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
	As of and For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate			Commercial & Industrial		Retail		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	81,816		125,778		44,164		251,758
Charge-offs	(3,207		)	(19,535	)	(9,656	)	(32,398	)
Recoveries	3,648			3,282		2,871		9,801
Provision for loan losses	(4,730		)	13,912		9,752		18,934
Ending balance⁽¹⁾	$	77,527		123,437		47,131		248,095
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	4,386			7,226		1,038		12,650
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	73,141		116,211		46,093		235,445
Loans:
Ending balance: total loans⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	7,414,271		11,750,908		5,291,371		24,456,550
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	73,638			122,889		31,688		228,215
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	7,340,633		11,628,019		5,259,683		24,228,335

	As of and For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate			Commercial & Industrial		Retail		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	87,133		122,989		42,374		252,496
Charge-offs	(9,277		)	(10,661	)	(7,148	)	(27,086	)
Recoveries	6,690			4,342		2,564		13,596
Provision for loan losses	(5,187		)	12,963		8,294		16,070
Ending balance⁽¹⁾	$	79,359		129,633		46,084		255,076
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	12,515			14,221		1,691		28,427
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	66,844		115,412		44,393		226,649
Loans:
Ending balance: total loans⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾	$	7,507,695		10,955,430		4,625,410		23,088,535
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	112,954			119,805		37,788		270,547
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	7,394,741		10,835,625		4,587,622		22,817,988

⁽¹⁾As of and for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no purchased credit-impaired loans and no allowance for loan losses for purchased credit-impaired loans.

⁽²⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $26.0 million.

⁽³⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $27.6 million.

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Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
	As Of and For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate			Commercial & Industrial		Consumer		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	78,314		127,096		48,104		253,514
Charge-offs	(1,299		)	(12,642	)	(5,722	)	(19,663	)
Recoveries	759			1,458		1,767		3,984
Provision for loan losses	(247		)	7,525		2,982		10,260
Ending balance⁽¹⁾	$	77,527		123,437		47,131		248,095
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	4,386			7,226		1,038		12,650
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	73,141		116,211		46,093		235,445
Loans:
Ending balance: total loans⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	$	7,414,271		11,750,908		5,291,371		24,456,550
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	73,638			122,889		31,688		228,215
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	7,340,633		11,628,019		5,259,683		24,228,335

	As Of and For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate			Commercial & Industrial		Consumer		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	84,557		124,878		45,081		254,516
Charge-offs	(7,455		)	(5,136	)	(3,180	)	(15,771	)
Recoveries	5,397			3,078		1,163		9,638
Provision for loan losses	(3,140		)	6,813		3,020		6,693
Ending balance⁽¹⁾	$	79,359		129,633		46,084		255,076
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	12,515			14,221		1,691		28,427
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	66,844		115,412		44,393		226,649
Loans:
Ending balance: total loans⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾	$	7,507,695		10,955,430		4,625,410		23,088,535
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	112,954			119,805		37,788		270,547
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	7,394,741		10,835,625		4,587,622		22,817,988

⁽¹⁾For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no purchased credit-impaired loans and no allowance for loan losses for purchased credit-impaired loans.

⁽²⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $26.0 million.

⁽³⁾Total before net deferred fees and costs of $27.6 million.

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The tables below summarize impaired loans (including accruing TDRs) as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.



Impaired Loans (including accruing TDRs)
	June 30, 2017				Six Months Ended June 30, 2017		Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance	Related Allowance	Average Recorded Investment	Interest Income Recognized	Average Recorded Investment	Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded
Investment properties	$	—	—	—	246	—	—	—
1-4 family properties	253		2,582	—	380	—	257	—
Land and development	2,226		5,539	—	2,193	—	2,246	—
Total commercial real estate	2,479		8,121	—	2,819	—	2,503	—
Commercial, financial and agricultural	26,913		33,098	—	22,956	—	26,202	—
Owner-occupied	13,824		20,250	—	10,383	—	11,910	—
Total commercial and industrial	40,737		53,348	—	33,339	—	38,112	—
Home equity lines	1,064		1,064	—	1,060	—	1,064	—
Consumer mortgages	744		941	—	744	—	744	—
Credit cards	—		—	—	—	—	—	—
Other consumer loans	—		—	—	—	—	—	—
Total consumer	1,808		2,005	—	1,804	—	1,808	—
Total impaired loans with no related allowance recorded	$	45,024	63,474	—	37,962	—	42,423	—
With allowance recorded
Investment properties	$	29,168	29,168	1,175	29,575	597	29,264	306
1-4 family properties	15,879		15,893	448	16,995	386	16,133	250
Land and development	26,112		26,168	2,763	27,381	299	26,366	126
Total commercial real estate	71,159		71,229	4,386	73,951	1,282	71,763	682
Commercial, financial and agricultural	46,569		46,887	5,524	46,455	787	48,959	436
Owner-occupied	35,583		35,594	1,702	42,814	674	38,318	336
Total commercial and industrial	82,152		82,481	7,226	89,269	1,461	87,277	772
Home equity lines	7,135		7,135	171	8,197	465	7,680	229
Consumer mortgages	18,762		18,762	598	19,720	183	19,009	92
Credit cards	—		—	—	—	—	—	—
Other consumer loans	3,983		3,984	269	4,692	132	4,380	59
Total consumer	29,880		29,881	1,038	32,609	780	31,069	380
Total impaired loans with allowance recorded	$	183,191	183,591	12,650	195,829	3,523	190,109	1,834
Total impaired loans
Investment properties	$	29,168	29,168	1,175	29,821	597	29,264	306
1-4 family properties	16,132		18,475	448	17,375	386	16,390	250
Land and development	28,338		31,707	2,763	29,574	299	28,612	126
Total commercial real estate	73,638		79,350	4,386	76,770	1,282	74,266	682
Commercial, financial and agricultural	73,482		79,985	5,524	69,411	787	75,161	436
Owner-occupied	49,407		55,844	1,702	53,197	674	50,228	336
Total commercial and industrial	122,889		135,829	7,226	122,608	1,461	125,389	772
Home equity lines	8,199		8,199	171	9,257	465	8,744	229
Consumer mortgages	19,506		19,703	598	20,464	183	19,753	92
Credit cards	—		—	—	—	—	—	—
Other consumer loans	3,983		3,984	269	4,692	132	4,380	59
Total consumer	31,688		31,886	1,038	34,413	780	32,877	380
Total impaired loans	$	228,215	247,065	12,650	233,791	3,523	232,532	1,834

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Impaired Loans (including accruing TDRs)
	December 31, 2016				Year Ended December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance	Related Allowance	Average Recorded Investment	Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded
Investment properties	$	748	793	—	2,013	—
1-4 family properties	643		2,939	—	1,021	—
Land and development	2,099		7,243	—	6,769	—
Total commercial real estate	3,490		10,975	—	9,803	—
Commercial, financial and agricultural	17,958		20,577	—	6,321	—
Owner-occupied	5,508		7,377	—	8,394	—
Total commercial and industrial	23,466		27,954	—	14,715	—
Home equity lines	1,051		1,051	—	1,045	—
Consumer mortgages	744		814	—	870	—
Credit cards	—		—	—	—	—
Other consumer loans	—		—	—	—	—
Total consumer	1,795		1,865	—	1,915	—
Total impaired loans with no related allowance recorded	$	28,751	40,794	—	26,433	—
With allowance recorded
Investment properties	$	31,489	31,489	2,044	42,659	1,436
1-4 family properties	23,642		23,649	769	39,864	855
Land and development	32,789		32,788	5,103	25,568	995
Total commercial real estate	87,920		87,926	7,916	108,091	3,286
Commercial, financial and agricultural	43,386		45,913	5,687	51,968	1,215
Owner-occupied	53,708		53,942	2,697	52,300	1,946
Total commercial and industrial	97,094		99,855	8,384	104,268	3,161
Home equity lines	9,638		9,638	971	9,668	432
Consumer mortgages	20,953		20,953	673	20,993	1,014
Credit cards	—		—	—	—	—
Other consumer loans	5,140		5,140	167	5,062	303
Total consumer	35,731		35,731	1,811	35,723	1,749
Total impaired loans with allowance recorded	$	220,745	223,512	18,111	248,082	8,196
Total impaired loans
Investment properties	$	32,237	32,282	2,044	44,672	1,436
1-4 family properties	24,285		26,588	769	40,885	855
Land and development	34,888		40,031	5,103	32,337	995
Total commercial real estate	91,410		98,901	7,916	117,894	3,286
Commercial, financial and agricultural	61,344		66,490	5,687	58,289	1,215
Owner-occupied	59,216		61,319	2,697	60,694	1,946
Total commercial and industrial	120,560		127,809	8,384	118,983	3,161
Home equity lines	10,689		10,689	971	10,713	432
Consumer mortgages	21,697		21,767	673	21,863	1,014
Credit cards	—		—	—	—	—
Other consumer loans	5,140		5,140	167	5,062	303
Total consumer	37,526		37,596	1,811	37,638	1,749
Total impaired loans	$	249,496	264,306	18,111	274,515	8,196

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The average recorded investment in impaired loans was $290.3 million and $281.9 million, respectively, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016. Excluding accruing TDRs, there was no interest income recognized for the investment in impaired loans for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016. Interest income recognized for accruing TDRs was $4.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, impaired loans of $60.8 million and $53.7 million, respectively, were on non-accrual status.

Concessions provided in a TDR are primarily in the form of providing a below market interest rate given the borrower's credit risk, a period of time generally less than one year with a reduction of required principal and/or interest payments (e.g., interest only for a period of time), or an extension of the maturity of the loan generally for less than one year. Insignificant periods of reduction of principal and/or interest payments, or one-time deferrals of 3 months or less, are generally not considered to be financial concessions.

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The following tables represent, by concession type, the post-modification balance for loans modified or renewed during the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 that were reported as accruing or non-accruing TDRs.



TDRs by Concession Type
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Principal Forgiveness		Below Market Interest Rate	Term Extensions and/or Other Concessions	Total
Investment properties	—	$	—	—	—	—
1-4 family properties	16	—		2,089	513	2,602
Land acquisition	1	—		—	135	135
Total commercial real estate	17	—		2,089	648	2,737
Commercial, financial and agricultural	28	—		5,760	6,279	12,039
Owner-occupied	1	—		—	22	22
Total commercial and industrial	29	—		5,760	6,301	12,061
Home equity lines	—	—		—	—	—
Consumer mortgages	1	—		—	9	9
Credit cards	—	—		—	—	—
Other retail loans	8	—		—	570	570
Total retail	9	—		—	579	579
Total TDRs	55	$	—	7,849	7,528	15,377	⁽¹	⁾

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Principal Forgiveness		Below Market Interest Rate	Term Extensions and/or Other Concessions	Total
Investment properties	—	$	—	—	—	—
1-4 family properties	8	—		478	196	674
Land and development	1	—		—	135	135
Total commercial real estate	9	—		478	331	809
Commercial, financial and agricultural	10	—		1,895	740	2,635
Owner-occupied	1	—		—	22	22
Total commercial and industrial	11	—		1,895	762	2,657
Home equity lines	—	—		—	—	—
Consumer mortgages	1	—		—	9	9
Credit cards	—	—		—	—	—
Other consumer loans	5	—		—	295	295
Total consumer	6	—		—	304	304
Total TDRs	26	$	—	2,373	1,397	3,770	⁽¹	⁾

⁽¹⁾No net charge-offs were recorded during the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 upon restructuring of these loans.

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TDRs by Concession Type
	Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Principal Forgiveness		Below Market Interest Rate	Term Extensions and/or Other Concessions	Total
Investment properties	3	$	—	1,826	148	1,974
1-4 family properties	19	—		3,490	1,164	4,654
Land acquisition	11	—		—	1,269	1,269
Total commercial real estate	33	—		5,316	2,581	7,897
Commercial, financial and agricultural	45	—		13,948	4,845	18,793
Owner-occupied	6	—		2,667	550	3,217
Total commercial and industrial	51	—		16,615	5,395	22,010
Home equity lines	3	—		224	—	224
Consumer mortgages	6	—		354	51	405
Credit cards	—	—		—	—	—
Other retail loans	17	—		324	1,534	1,858
Total retail	26	—		902	1,585	2,487
Total TDRs	110	$	—	22,833	9,561	32,394	⁽²	⁾

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
(in thousands, except contract data)	Number of Contracts	Principal Forgiveness		Below Market Interest Rate	Term Extensions and/or Other Concessions	Total
Investment properties	1	$	—	1,389	—	1,389
1-4 family properties	12	—		3,095	324	3,419
Land and development	5	—		—	734	734
Total commercial real estate	18	—		4,484	1,058	5,542
Commercial, financial and agricultural	15	—		1,934	1,458	3,392
Owner-occupied	2	—		1,132	102	1,234
Total commercial and industrial	17	—		3,066	1,560	4,626
Home equity lines	1	—		28	—	28
Consumer mortgages	3	—		200	51	251
Credit cards	—	—		—	—	—
Other consumer loans	10	—		94	1,449	1,543
Total consumer	14	—		322	1,500	1,822
Total TDRs	49	$	—	7,872	4,118	11,990	⁽²	⁾

⁽²⁾ No net charge-offs were recorded during the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 upon restructuring of these loans.

For both the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, there were three defaults with a recorded investment of $292 thousand on accruing TDRs restructured during the previous twelve months (defaults are defined as the earlier of the TDR being placed on non-accrual status or reaching 90 days past due with respect to principal and/or interest payments) compared to one default for both the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 with a recorded investment of $92 thousand.

If, at the time a loan was designated as a TDR, the loan was not already impaired, the measurement of impairment that resulted from the TDR designation closely approximates the reserve derived through specific loan measurement of impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10-35. Generally, the change in the allowance for loan losses resulting from such TDR designation is not significant. At June 30, 2017, the allowance for loan losses allocated to accruing TDRs totaling $167.4 million was $8.5 million compared to accruing TDRs of $195.8 million with an allocated allowance for loan losses of $9.8 million at December 31, 2016. Non-accrual, non-homogeneous loans (commercial-type impaired loans greater than $1 million) that are designated as TDRs are individually measured for the amount of impairment, if any, both before and after the TDR designation.

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Note 7 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables illustrate activity within the balances in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.



Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (Net of Income Taxes)
(in thousands)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges			Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale		Post-retirement unfunded health benefit		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(12,217	)	(44,324	)	882		(55,659	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	—			12,453		—		12,453
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	80			(4,715	)	(24	)	(4,659	)
Net current period other comprehensive income	80			7,738		(24	)	7,794
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	(12,137	)	(36,586	)	858		(47,865	)

Balance as of April 1, 2017	$	(12,177	)	(43,444	)	870		(54,751	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	—			6,857		—		6,857
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	40			1		(12	)	29
Net current period other comprehensive income	40			6,858		(12	)	6,886
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	(12,137	)	(36,586	)	858		(47,865	)



Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) by Component (Net of Income Taxes)
(in thousands)	Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges			Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale		Post-retirement unfunded health benefit		Total
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	(12,504	)	(18,222	)	907		(29,819	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	—			40,722		—		40,722
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	207			(41	)	(64	)	102
Net current period other comprehensive income	207			40,681		(64	)	40,824
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	(12,297	)	22,459		843		11,005

Balance as of April 1, 2016	$	(12,336	)	10,747		849		(740	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	—			11,712		—		11,712
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	39			—		(6	)	33
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	39			11,712		(6	)	11,745
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	(12,297	)	22,459		843		11,005

In accordance with ASC 740-20-45-11(b), a deferred tax asset valuation allowance associated with unrealized gains and losses not recognized in income is charged directly to other comprehensive income (loss). During the years 2010 and 2011, Synovus recorded a deferred tax asset valuation allowance associated with unrealized gains and losses not recognized in income directly to other comprehensive income (loss) by applying the portfolio approach for allocation of the valuation allowance. Synovus has consistently applied the portfolio approach which treats derivative financial instruments, equity securities, and debt securities as

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a single portfolio. As of June 30, 2017, the balance in net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale includes unrealized losses of $12.1 million and $13.3 million, respectively, related to the residual tax effects remaining in OCI due to a previously established deferred tax asset valuation allowance. Under the portfolio approach, these unrealized losses are realized at the time the entire portfolio is sold or disposed.



Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)					Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Amortization of deferred losses	$	(130	)	(140	)	Interest expense
Amortization of deferred losses	—			(197	)	Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net
	50			130		Income tax (expense) benefit
	$	(80	)	(207	)	Reclassifications, net of income taxes

Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale:
Realized gain on sale of securities	$	7,667		67		Investment securities gains, net
	(2,952		)	(26	)	Income tax (expense) benefit
	$	4,715		41		Reclassifications, net of income taxes
Post-retirement unfunded health benefit:
Amortization of actuarial gains	$	40		104		Salaries and other personnel expense
	(16		)	(40	)	Income tax (expense) benefit
	$	24		64		Reclassifications, net of income taxes



Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Details About Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)					Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges:
Amortization of deferred losses	$	(65	)	(64	)	Interest expense
	25			25		Income tax (expense) benefit
	$	(40	)	(39	)	Reclassifications, net of income taxes

Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale:
Realized net (loss)gain on sale of securities	$	(1	)	—		Investment securities gains, net
	—			—		Income tax (expense) benefit
	$	(1	)	—		Reclassifications, net of income taxes
Post-retirement unfunded health benefit:
Amortization of actuarial gains	$	20		10		Salaries and other personnel expense
	(8		)	(4	)	Income tax (expense) benefit
	$	12		6		Reclassifications, net of income taxes

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Note 8 - Fair Value Accounting

Synovus carries various assets and liabilities at fair value based on the fair value accounting guidance under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, and ASC 825, Financial Instruments. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an “exit price”) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

Fair Value Hierarchy

Synovus determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy established under ASC 820-10, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the financial instrument's fair value measurement in its entirety. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs of the valuation hierarchy are defined below:



Level 1	Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities for the instrument or security to be valued. Level 1 assets include marketable equity securities, U.S. Treasury securities, and mutual funds.
Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined by using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. U.S. Government sponsored agency securities, mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and agencies, obligations of states and municipalities, collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises, and mortgage loans held-for-sale are generally included in this category.
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques, and may also include the use of market prices of assets or liabilities that are not directly comparable to the subject asset or liability. These methods of valuation may result in a significant portion of the fair value being derived from unobservable assumptions that reflect Synovus' own estimates for assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. This category primarily includes collateral-dependent impaired loans, other real estate, certain equity investments, private equity investments, GGL/SBA loan servicing assets, and contingent consideration.

See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 16 - Fair Value Accounting" to the consolidated financial statements of Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K for a description of valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis.

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents all financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, according to the valuation hierarchy included in ASC 820-10. For equity and debt securities, class was determined based on the nature and risks of the investments. Transfers between levels during the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and year ended December 31, 2016 were inconsequential.



	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets
Trading securities:
U.S. Government agency securities	—		1,587	—	1,587
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	—		386	—	386
State and municipal securities	—		1,072	—	1,072
Total trading securities	$	—	3,045	—	3,045
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		61,893	—	61,893
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	83,133		—	—	83,133
U.S. Government agency securities	—		12,311	—	12,311
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	—		132,225	—	132,225
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	—		2,856,405	—	2,856,405
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		722,420	—	722,420
State and municipal securities	—		290	—	290
Corporate debt and other securities⁽¹⁾	3,142		15,205	1,927	20,274
Total investment securities available for sale	$	86,275	3,738,856	1,927	3,827,058
Private equity investments			—	15,698	15,698
Mutual funds held in rabbi trusts	12,867		—	—	12,867
GGL/SBA loans servicing asset	—		—	4,297	4,297
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts	—		15,332	—	15,332
Mortgage derivatives⁽²⁾	—		1,393	—	1,393
Total derivative assets	$	—	16,725	—	16,725
Liabilities
Earnout liability⁽³⁾	—		—	13,941	13,941
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts	—		13,389	—	13,389
Visa derivative	—		—	5,053	5,053
Total derivative liabilities	$	—	13,389	5,053	18,442

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	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value
Assets
Trading securities:
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	—		3,460	—	3,460
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	—		3,438	—	3,438
State and municipal securities	—		426	—	426
Other investments	1,890		100	—	1,990
Total trading securities	$	1,890	7,424	—	9,314
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		51,545	—	51,545
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities	107,802		—	—	107,802
U.S. Government agency securities	—		12,993	—	12,993
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies	—		174,202	—	174,202
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	—		2,506,340	—	2,506,340
Collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored enterprises	—		890,442	—	890,442
State and municipal securities	—		2,794	—	2,794
Equity securities	3,782		—	—	3,782
Corporate debt and other securities⁽¹⁾	3,092		14,952	1,796	19,840
Total investment securities available for sale	$	114,676	3,601,723	1,796	3,718,195
Private equity investments	—		—	25,493	25,493
Mutual funds held in rabbi trusts	11,479		—	—	11,479
Derivative assets:
Interest rate contracts	—		17,157	—	17,157
Mortgage derivatives⁽²⁾	—		3,466	—	3,466
Total derivative assets	$	—	20,623	—	20,623

Liabilities
Earnout liability⁽³⁾	—		—	14,000	14,000
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate contracts	—		17,531	—	17,531
Visa derivative	—		—	5,768	5,768
Total derivative liabilities	$	—	17,531	5,768	23,299

⁽¹⁾ Based on an analysis of the nature and risks of these investments, Synovus has determined that presenting these investments as a single asset class is appropriate.

⁽²⁾Mortgage derivatives consist of customer interest rate lock commitments that relate to the potential origination of mortgage loans, which would be classified as held for sale and forward loan sales commitments with third-party investors.

⁽³⁾Earnout liability consists of contingent consideration obligation related to the Global One acquisition.

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Fair Value Option

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value and the changes in fair value of these loans. Mortgage loans held for sale are initially measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in earnings. Changes in fair value are recorded as a component of mortgage banking income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. An immaterial portion of these changes in fair value was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk.



Changes in Fair Value Included in Net Income
	For the Six Months Ended June 30,			For the Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017		2016	2017			2016
Mortgage loans held for sale	$	954	1,850	$	(249	)	878



Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
(in thousands)	As of June 30, 2017		As of December 31, 2016
Fair value	$	61,893	51,545
Unpaid principal balance	60,508		51,114
Fair value less aggregate unpaid principal balance	$	1,385	431

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Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements and Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

As noted above, Synovus uses significant unobservable inputs in determining the fair value of assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The table below includes a roll-forward of the amounts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 (including the change in fair value), for financial instruments of a material nature that are classified by Synovus within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Transfers between fair value levels are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which the associated changes in inputs occur. During the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, Synovus did not have any transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy.




	Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Investment Securities Available for Sale		Private Equity Investments		Visa Derivative		Earnout Liability⁽¹⁾		GGL / SBA Loans Servicing Asset⁽²⁾
Beginning balance, January 1,	$	1,796	25,493		(5,768	)	(14,000	)	—
Total gains (losses) realized/unrealized:
Included in earnings	—		(3,166	)	—		(1,707	)	(694	)
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income	131		—		—		—		—
Additions	—		—		—		—		539
Sales and settlements	—		(6,629	)	715		—		—
Transfer from amortization method to fair value	—		—		—		—		4,452
Measurement period adjustments related to Global One acquisition	—		—		—		1,766		—
Ending balance, June 30,	$	1,927	15,698		(5,053	)	(13,941	)	4,297
Total net gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at June 30,	$	—	(3,166	)	—		(1,707	)	(694	)


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Investment Securities Available for Sale		Private Equity Investments		Visa Derivative		Earnout Liability⁽¹⁾		GGL / SBA Loans Servicing Asset⁽²⁾
Beginning balance, April 1,	$	1,851	23,679		(5,412	)	(11,421	)	4,178
Total gains (losses) realized/unrealized:
Included in earnings	—		(1,352	)	—		(1,707	)	(376	)
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income	76		—		—		—		—
Additions	—		—		—		—		495
Sales and settlements	—		(6,629	)	359		—		—
Measurement period adjustments related to Global One acquisition	—		—		—		(813	)	—
Ending balance, June 30,	$	1,927	15,698		(5,053	)	(13,941	)	4,297
Total net gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at June 30,	$	—	(1,352	)	—		(1,707	)	(376	)

⁽¹⁾Earnout liability consists of contingent consideration obligation related to the Global One acquisition.

⁽²⁾ Effective January 1, 2017, Synovus elected the fair value option for determining the value of the GGL/SBA loans servicing asset. Synovus has retained servicing responsibilities on sold GGL/SBA loans and receives a servicing fee. The servicing asset is established at fair value at the time of the sale based on an analysis of future cash flows that incorporates estimates for discount rates, prepayment speeds, and delinquency rates. The servicing asset is measured at fair value on a quarterly basis with changes in fair value included with the associated servicing fee in other non-interest income. Prior to 2017, Synovus accounted for the GGL/SBA loans servicing asset using the amortization method.

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	Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Investment Securities Available for Sale			Private Equity Investments		Visa Derivative
Beginning balance, January 1,	$	1,745		27,148		(1,415	)
Total gains (losses) realized/unrealized:
Included in earnings	—			(278	)	(720	)
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income	(120		)	—		—
Settlements	—			(4	)	720
Ending balance, June 30,	$	1,625		26,866		(1,415	)
Total net gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at June 30,	$	—		(278	)	(720	)


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
(in thousands)	Investment Securities Available for Sale			Private Equity Investments		Visa Derivative
Beginning balance, April 1,	$	1,638		26,757		(1,415	)
Total gains (losses) realized/unrealized:
Included in earnings	—			113		(360	)
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income	(13		)	—		—
Settlements	—			(4	)	360
Ending balance, June 30,	$	1,625		26,866		(1,415	)
Total net gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at June 30,	$	—		113		(360	)

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			June 30, 2017	December 31, 2016
	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range/Weighted Average	Range/Weighted Average
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

Investment Securities Available for Sale - Other Investments:

Trust preferred securities	Discounted cash flow analysis	Credit spread embedded in discount rate	392 bps	442 bps

Private equity investments	Individual analysis of each investee company	Multiple factors, including but not limited to, current operations, financial condition, cash flows, evaluation of business management and financial plans, and recently executed financing transactions related to the investee companies	N/A	N/A
		Discount for lack of liquidity⁽¹⁾	N/A	15%

GGL/SBA loans servicing asset	Discounted cash flow analysis	Discount rate Prepayment speeds	12.01% 6.75%	N/A

Earnout liability	Option pricing methods and Monte Carlo simulation	Global One Earnout, as defined in merger agreement, for the five years ending October 1, 2021	$11.8 million - $16.7 million	$9.3 million - $14.2 million

Visa derivative liability	Discounted cash flow analysis	Estimated timing of resolution of covered litigation, future cumulative deposits to the litigation escrow for settlement of the covered litigation, and estimated future monthly fees payable to the derivative counterparty	1-5 years	1-5 years

⁽¹⁾Represents management's estimate of discount that market participants would require based on the instrument's lack of liquidity.

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Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain assets are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These non-recurring fair value adjustments typically are a result of the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or a write-down occurring during the period. For example, if the fair value of an asset in these categories falls below its cost basis, it is considered to be at fair value at the end of the period of the adjustment. The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of the dates indicated for which there was a fair value adjustment during the period.



	June 30, 2017					December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Total	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Impaired loans^*	$	—	—	11,773	11,773	—	—	21,742	21,742
Other real estate	—		—	12,367	12,367	—	—	19,305	19,305
Other assets held for sale	—		—	—	—	—	—	12,083	12,083

^*Collateral-dependent impaired loans that were written down to fair value during the period.

The following table presents fair value adjustments recognized in earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 for the assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.



	Six Months Ended June 30,			Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017		2016	2017		2016
Impaired loans^*	$	5,808	1,162	$	5,776	—
Other loans held for sale	3,519		—	—		—
Other real estate	518		3,306	280		2,053
Other assets held for sale	238		6,625	—		5,593

^*Collateral-dependent impaired loans that were written down to fair value during the period.

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The table below provides an overview of the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in those techniques to measure financial instruments that are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy and are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The range of sensitivities that management utilized in its fair value calculations is deemed acceptable in the industry with respect to the identified financial instruments.



			June 30, 2017	December 31, 2016
	Valuation Technique	Significant Unobservable Input	Range (Weighted Average)⁽¹⁾	Range (Weighted Average)⁽¹⁾
Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

Collateral dependent impaired loans	Third-party appraised value of collateral less estimated selling costs	Discount to appraised value ⁽²⁾ Estimated selling costs	0% - 60% (46%) 0% - 10% (7%)	0%-52% (25%) 0%-10% (7%)

Other loans held for sale	Third-party appraised value of collateral less estimated selling costs	Discount to appraised value ⁽²⁾ Estimated selling costs	N/A	N/A

Other real estate	Third-party appraised value of real estate less estimated selling costs	Discount to appraised value ⁽²⁾ Estimated selling costs	0% - 35% (8%) 0% - 10% (7%)	0%-10% (5%) 0%-10% (7%)

Other assets held for sale	Third-party appraised value less estimated selling costs or BOV	Discount to appraised value ⁽²⁾ Estimated selling costs	N/A	0%-81% (47%) 0%-10% (7%)

⁽¹⁾The range represents management's estimate of the high and low of the value that would be assigned to a particular input. For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, the weighted average is the measure of central tendencies; it is not the value that management is using for the asset or liability.

⁽²⁾Synovus also makes adjustments to the values of the assets listed above for reasons including age of the appraisal, information known by management about the property, such as occupancy rates, changes to the physical condition of the property, and other factors.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying and fair values of financial instruments at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The fair values represent management’s estimates based on various methodologies and assumptions. For financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on the balance sheet, such as loans held for investment, interest bearing deposits (including brokered deposits), and long-term debt, the fair value amounts should not be taken as an estimate of the amount that would be realized if all such financial instruments were to be settled immediately.

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The carrying and estimated fair values of financial instruments, as well as the level within the fair value hierarchy, as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:



	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	377,213	377,213	377,213	—	—
Interest bearing funds with Federal Reserve Bank	468,148		468,148	468,148	—	—
Interest earning deposits with banks	6,012		6,012	6,012	—	—
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	46,847		46,847	46,847	—	—
Trading account assets	3,045		3,045	—	3,045	—
Mortgage loans held for sale	61,893		61,893	—	61,893	—
Other loans held for sale	127		127	—	127	—
Investment securities available for sale	3,827,058		3,827,058	86,275	3,738,856	1,927
Private equity investments	15,698		15,698	—	—	15,698
Mutual funds held in rabbi trusts	12,867		12,867	12,867	—	—
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs	24,430,512		24,191,120	—	—	24,191,120
GGL/SBA loans servicing asset	4,297		4,297	—	—	4,297
Derivative assets	16,725		16,725	—	16,725	—

Financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	7,363,476		7,363,476	—	7,363,476	—
Interest bearing deposits	17,855,340		17,852,694	—	17,852,694	—
Federal funds purchased, other short-term borrowings and other short-term liabilities	150,379		150,379	150,379	—	—
Long-term debt	2,107,245		2,155,543	—	2,155,543	—
Other liabilities	13,941		13,941	—	—	13,941
Derivative liabilities	18,442		18,442	—	13,389	5,053

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	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	395,175	395,175	395,175	—	—
Interest bearing funds with Federal Reserve Bank	527,090		527,090	527,090	—	—
Interest earning deposits with banks	18,720		18,720	18,720	—	—
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	58,060		58,060	58,060	—	—
Trading account assets	9,314		9,314	1,890	7,424	—
Mortgage loans held for sale	51,545		51,545	—	51,545	—
Investment securities available for sale	3,718,195		3,718,195	114,676	3,601,723	1,796
Private equity investments	25,493		25,493	—	—	25,493
Mutual funds held in rabbi trusts	11,479		11,479	11,479	—	—
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs	23,856,391		23,709,434	—	—	23,709,434
Derivative assets	20,623		20,623	—	20,623	—

Financial liabilities
Non-interest bearing deposits	7,085,804		7,085,804	—	7,085,804	—
Interest bearing deposits	17,562,256		17,560,021	—	17,560,021	—
Federal funds purchased, other short-term borrowings and other short-term liabilities	159,699		159,699	159,699	—	—
Long-term debt	2,160,881		2,217,544	—	2,217,544	—
Other liabilities	14,000		14,000	—	—	14,000
Derivative liabilities	23,299		23,299	—	17,531	5,768

Note 9 - Derivative Instruments

As part of its overall interest rate risk management activities, Synovus utilizes derivative instruments to manage its exposure to various types of interest rate risk. These derivative instruments generally consist of interest rate swaps, interest rate lock commitments made to prospective mortgage loan customers, and commitments to sell fixed-rate mortgage loans. Interest rate lock commitments represent derivative instruments since it is intended that such loans will be sold.

Synovus may also utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risks primarily arising from its core banking activities. These interest rate swap transactions generally involve the exchange of fixed and floating interest rate payment obligations without the exchange of underlying principal amounts. Swaps may be designated as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges, as discussed below. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Synovus had no outstanding interest rate swap contracts utilized to manage interest rate risk related to core banking activities.

Synovus is party to master netting arrangements with its dealer counterparties; however, Synovus does not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes.

Counterparty Credit Risk and Collateral

Entering into derivative contracts potentially exposes Synovus to the risk of counterparties’ failure to fulfill their legal obligations, including, but not limited to, potential amounts due or payable under each derivative contract. Notional principal amounts are often used to express the volume of these transactions, but the amounts potentially subject to credit risk are much smaller. Synovus assesses the credit risk of its dealer counterparties by regularly monitoring publicly available credit rating information, evaluating other market indicators, and periodically reviewing detailed financials. Dealer collateral requirements are determined via risk-based policies and procedures and in accordance with existing agreements. Synovus seeks to minimize dealer credit risk by dealing with highly rated counterparties and by obtaining collateral for exposures above certain predetermined limits. Management closely monitors credit conditions within the customer swap portfolio, which management deems to be of higher risk than dealer counterparties. Collateral is secured at origination and credit related fair value adjustments are recorded against the asset value of the derivative as deemed necessary based upon an analysis, which includes consideration of the current asset value of the swap, customer credit rating, collateral value, and customer standing with regards to its swap contractual obligations and other related matters. Such asset values fluctuate based upon changes in interest rates regardless of changes in notional amounts and changes in customer specific risk.

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Cash Flow Hedges

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no cash flow hedges outstanding. The unamortized deferred net loss balance from previously terminated cash flow hedges at December 31, 2016 of $(130) thousand was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Fair Value Hedges

As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no fair value hedges outstanding. The unamortized deferred gain balance on all previously terminated fair value hedges at December 31, 2016 of $873 thousand was recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Customer Related Derivative Positions

Synovus enters into interest rate swap agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies of a small number of commercial banking customers. Synovus mitigates this risk by entering into equal and offsetting interest rate swap agreements with highly rated counterparties. The interest rate swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value on Synovus' Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value changes are recorded as a component of non-interest income. As of June 30, 2017, the notional amount of customer related interest rate derivative financial instruments, including both the customer position and the offsetting position, was $1.49 billion, an increase of $160.4 million compared to December 31, 2016.

Visa Derivative

In conjunction with the sale of Class B shares of common stock issued by Visa to Synovus as a Visa USA member, Synovus entered into a derivative contract with the purchaser, which provides for settlements between the parties based upon a change in the ratio for conversion of Visa Class B shares to Visa Class A shares. The conversion ratio changes when Visa deposits funds to a litigation escrow established by Visa to pay settlements for certain litigation, for which Visa is indemnified by Visa USA members. The litigation escrow is funded by proceeds from Visa’s conversion of Class B shares. The fair value of the derivative contract was $5.1 million and $5.8 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The fair value of the derivative contract is determined based on management's estimate of the timing and amount of the Covered Litigation settlement, and the resulting payments due to the counterparty under the terms of the contract. Management believes that the estimate of Synovus' exposure to the Visa indemnification and fees associated with the Visa derivative is adequate based on current information, including Visa's recent announcements and disclosures. However, future developments in the litigation could require potentially significant changes to Synovus' estimate. See "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 19 - Visa Shares and Related Agreements" of Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K for further information.

Mortgage Derivatives

Synovus originates first lien residential mortgage loans for sale into the secondary market. Mortgage loans are sold by Synovus for conversion to securities and the servicing of these loans is generally sold to a third-party servicing aggregator, or Synovus sells the mortgage loans as whole loans to investors either individually or in bulk on a servicing released basis.

Synovus enters into interest rate lock commitments for residential mortgage loans which commits it to lend funds to a potential borrower at a specific interest rate and within a specified period of time. Interest rate lock commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that, if originated, will be held for sale, are considered derivative financial instruments under applicable accounting guidance. Outstanding interest rate lock commitments expose Synovus to the risk that the price of the mortgage loans underlying the commitments may decline due to increases in mortgage interest rates from inception of the rate lock to the funding of the loan.

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Synovus had commitments to fund at a locked interest rate, primarily fixed-rate mortgage loans to customers in the amount of $87.8 million and $88.2 million, respectively. Fair value adjustments related to these commitments resulted in a loss of $(416) thousand and a gain of $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which was recorded as a component of mortgage banking income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, outstanding commitments to sell primarily fixed-rate mortgage loans amounted to $102.5 million and $126.5 million, respectively. Such commitments are entered into to reduce the exposure to market risk arising from potential changes in interest rates, which could affect the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale and outstanding rate lock commitments, which guarantee a certain interest rate if the loan is ultimately funded or granted by Synovus as a mortgage loan held for sale. The commitments to sell mortgage loans are at fixed prices and are scheduled to settle at specified dates that generally do not exceed 90 days. Fair value adjustments related to these outstanding commitments to sell mortgage loans resulted in a loss of $(1.7) million and $(1.6) million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which were recorded as a component of mortgage banking income in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Collateral Requirements

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, certain derivative transactions have collateral requirements, both at the inception of the trade and as the value of each derivative position changes. As of June 30, 2017, collateral totaling $43.3 million of federal funds sold was pledged to the derivative counterparties to comply with collateral requirements. Effective January 3, 2017, the CME amended its rulebook to legally characterize variation margin cash payments for cleared OTC derivatives as settlement rather than as collateral. As a result, in 2017, Synovus began reducing the corresponding derivative asset and liability balances for CME-cleared OTC derivatives to reflect the settlement of those positions via the exchange of variation margin.

The impact of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is presented below.



	Fair Value of Derivative Assets				Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities
(in thousands)	Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016	Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets	June 30, 2017	December 31, 2016
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate contracts	Other assets	$	15,332	17,157	Other liabilities	13,389	17,531
Mortgage derivatives	Other assets	1,393		3,466	Other liabilities	—	—
Visa derivative		—		—	Other liabilities	5,053	5,768
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		$	16,725	20,623		18,442	23,299

The pre-tax effect of fair value hedges on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is presented below.



	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
(in thousands)		Six Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments		2017			2016
Interest rate contracts⁽¹⁾	Other non-interest income	$	(1	)	33
Mortgage derivatives⁽²⁾	Mortgage banking income	(2,073		)	(485	)
Total		$	(2,074	)	(452	)


		Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
(in thousands)		Three Months Ended June 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income	2017			2016
Interest rate contracts⁽¹⁾	Other non-interest income	$	—		27
Mortgage derivatives⁽²⁾	Mortgage banking income	(289		)	(335	)
Total		$	(289	)	(308	)

⁽¹⁾ Gain (loss) represents net fair value adjustments (including credit related adjustments) for customer swaps and offsetting positions.

⁽²⁾ Gain (loss) represents net fair value adjustments recorded for interest rate lock commitments and commitments to sell mortgage loans to third-party investors.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, Synovus reclassified $873 thousand and $950 thousand, respectively, from hedge-related basis adjustment, a component of long-term debt, as a reduction to interest expense. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, Synovus reclassified $1.3 million from hedge-related basis adjustment, as a reduction to loss on early extinguishment of debt, net. As of June 30, 2017, all deferred gains related to hedging relationships that had been previously terminated had been recognized into earnings.

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Note 10 - Net Income Per Common Share

The following table displays a reconciliation of the information used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per common share for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.



	Six Months Ended June 30,			Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2017		2016	2017		2016
Basic Net Income Per Common Share:
Net income available to common shareholders	$	142,742	107,870	$	73,444	57,898
Weighted average common shares outstanding	122,251		126,164	122,203		125,100
Net income per common share, basic	$	1.17	0.85	$	0.60	0.46
Diluted Net Income Per Common Share:
Net income available to common shareholders	$	142,742	107,870	$	73,444	57,898
Weighted average common shares outstanding	122,251		126,164	122,203		125,100
Potentially dilutive shares from outstanding equity-based awards	792		614	824		599
Weighted average diluted common shares	123,043		126,778	123,027		125,699
Net income per common share, diluted	$	1.16	0.85	$	0.60	0.46

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per common share reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted. The dilutive effect of outstanding options and restricted share units is reflected in diluted net income per common share, unless the impact is anti-dilutive, by application of the treasury stock method.

As of June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were 2.2 million and 2.5 million, respectively, potentially dilutive shares related to the Warrant and stock options to purchase shares of common stock that were outstanding during 2017 and 2016, but were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

Note 11 - Share-based Compensation

General Description of Share-based Plans

Synovus has a long-term incentive plan under which the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has the authority to grant share-based awards to Synovus employees. At June 30, 2017, Synovus had a total of 5.7 million shares of its authorized but unissued common stock reserved for future grants under the 2013 Omnibus Plan. The 2013 Omnibus Plan authorizes 8.6 million common share equivalents available for grant, where grants of options count as one share equivalent and grants of full value awards (e.g., restricted share units, market restricted share units, and performance share units) count as two share equivalents. Any restricted share units that are forfeited and options that expire unexercised will again become available for issuance under the Plan. The Plan permits grants of share-based compensation including stock options, restricted share units, market restricted share units, and performance share units. The grants generally include vesting periods ranging from three to five years and contractual terms of ten years. Stock options are granted at exercise prices which equal the fair value of a share of common stock on the grant-date. Market restricted share units and performance share units are granted at target and are compared annually to required market and performance metrics to determine final units vested and compensation expense. Synovus has historically issued new shares to satisfy share option exercises and share unit conversions. Dividend equivalents are paid on outstanding restricted share units, market restricted share units, and performance share units in the form of additional restricted share units that vest over the same vesting period or the vesting period left on the original restricted share unit grant.

Share-based Compensation Expense

Total share-based compensation expense was $6.8 million and $3.5 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, and $6.8 million and $3.5 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.

Stock Options

No stock option grants were made during the six months ended June 30, 2017. At June 30, 2017, there were 826 thousand outstanding stock options to purchase shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $17.81 per share.

Restricted Share Units, Performance Share Units, and Market Restricted Share Units

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, Synovus awarded 230 thousand restricted share units that have a service-based vesting period of three years and awarded 73 thousand performance share units that vest upon service and performance conditions.

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Synovus also granted 73 thousand market restricted share units during the six months ended June 30, 2017. The weighted average grant-date fair value of the awarded restricted share units, performance share units and market restricted share units was $41.93 per share. Market restricted share units and performance share units are granted at target and are compared annually to required market and performance metrics. The performance share units vest upon meeting certain service and performance conditions. Return on average assets (ROAA) performance is evaluated each year over a three-year performance period, with share distribution determined at the end of the three years. The number of performance share units that will ultimately vest ranges from 0% to 150% of target based on Synovus' three-year weighted average ROAA (as defined). The market restricted share units have a three-year service-based vesting component as well as a total shareholder return multiplier. The number of market restricted share units that will ultimately vest ranges from 75% to 125% of target based on Synovus' total shareholder return. At June 30, 2017, including dividend equivalents granted, there were 983 thousand restricted share units, performance share units and market restricted share units outstanding with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $32.82 per share.

Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, Synovus enters into commitments to extend credit such as loan commitments and letters of credit to meet the financing needs of its customers. Synovus uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.

The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents Synovus' maximum credit risk should the counterparty draw upon the commitment, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Additionally, certain commitments (primarily consumer) can generally be canceled by providing notice to the borrower.

The allowance for credit losses associated with unfunded commitments and letters of credit is a component of the unfunded commitments reserve recorded within other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, unearned fees relating to letters of credit are recorded within other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts are not material to Synovus' Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are presented below.



(in thousands)	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Letters of credit*	$	155,542	150,948
Commitments to fund commercial real estate, construction, and land development loans	1,427,947		1,394,162
Unused credit card lines	1,152,324		1,103,431
Commitments under home equity lines of credit	1,126,766		1,096,052
Commitments to fund commercial and industrial loans	5,039,168		4,792,834
Other loan commitments	308,386		307,772
Total unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit	$	9,210,133	8,845,199

* Represent the contractual amount net of risk participations of approximately $61 million and $83 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Note 13 - Legal Proceedings

Synovus and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, Synovus and its subsidiaries are subject to regulatory examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. Synovus, like many other financial institutions, has been the target of numerous legal actions and other proceedings asserting claims for damages and related relief for losses. These actions include claims and counterclaims asserted by individual borrowers related to their loans and allegations of violations of state and federal laws and regulations relating to banking practices, including putative class action matters. In addition to actual damages if Synovus does not prevail in asserted legal actions, credit-related litigation could result in additional write-downs or charge-offs of loans, which could adversely affect Synovus' results of operations during the period in which the write-down or charge-off were to occur.

Synovus carefully examines and considers each legal matter, and, in those situations where Synovus determines that a particular legal matter presents loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable, Synovus establishes an appropriate accrual. An event is considered to be probable if the future event is likely to occur. While the final outcome of any legal proceeding

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is inherently uncertain, based on the information currently available, advice of counsel and available insurance coverage, management believes that the amounts accrued with respect to legal matters as of June 30, 2017 are adequate. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be higher or lower than the amounts accrued.

In addition, where Synovus determines that there is a reasonable possibility of a loss in respect of legal matters, Synovus considers whether it is able to estimate the total reasonably possible loss or range of loss. An event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely.” An event is “remote” if “the chance of the event or future event occurring is more than slight but less than reasonably possible." In many situations, Synovus may be unable to estimate reasonably possible losses due to the preliminary nature of the legal matters, as well as a variety of other factors and uncertainties. For those legal matters where Synovus is able to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses, management currently estimates the aggregate range from our outstanding litigation is from zero to $12 million in excess of the amounts accrued, if any, related to those matters. This estimated aggregate range is based upon information currently available to Synovus, and the actual losses could prove to be higher. As there are further developments in these legal matters, Synovus will reassess these matters, and the estimated range of reasonably possible losses may change as a result of this assessment. Based on Synovus' current knowledge and advice of counsel, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on Synovus' consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on Synovus' results of operations for any particular period.

Synovus intends to vigorously pursue all available defenses to these legal matters, but will also consider other alternatives, including settlement, in situations where there is an opportunity to resolve such legal matters on terms that Synovus considers to be favorable, including in light of the continued expense and distraction of defending such legal matters. Synovus maintains insurance coverage, which may be available to cover legal fees, or potential losses that might be incurred in connection with such legal matters. The above-noted estimated range of reasonably possible losses does not take into consideration insurance coverage which may or may not be available for the respective legal matters.

Note 14 - Agreement with World's Foremost Bank and Capital One Bank

On April 17, 2017, Synovus Bank entered into a definitive agreement to acquire certain card assets and assume certain liabilities of World's Foremost Bank (WFB), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cabela's Incorporated. Immediately following the closing of this transaction, Synovus will sell the credit card assets and related liabilities to Capital One Bank (USA), National Association, a subsidiary of Capital One Financial Corporation (Capital One), while retaining the brokered time deposits portfolio. As of June 30, 2017 the WFB brokered deposits portfolio had a carrying value of approximately $1.1 billion. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Synovus will receive $75 million in consideration from Cabela's and Capital One upon closing. Closing of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other closing conditions.

The transaction will be accounted for as an assumption of liabilities pursuant to the asset acquisition model and the earning of fees for services performed. The $75 million in consideration will be recorded as a transaction fee, to be recognized upon closing of the transaction as no continuing involvement or contingencies with respect to the sale of the credit card assets and related liabilities will exist. If the transaction between Synovus and Capital One referred to above does not occur immediately after the transaction between Synovus and WFB, then the transaction between Synovus and WFB will be rescinded, including

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repayment of any cash amounts paid and return of any assets and liabilities transferred, such that Cabela’s, WFB, Capital One and Synovus will be in the same position as if the transaction had never occurred.

Additionally, the deposit liabilities acquired by Synovus will be recorded at fair value determined in accordance with the Brokered CD Curve Discount Methodology, as defined in the agreement. In the event that the book value of the deposits is less than the fair value of the deposits, Capital One will provide a cash payment to Synovus to compensate Synovus for the difference; however, Synovus is not required to make any payment if the fair value of the deposits is less than the book value. At June 30, 2017 the deposit portfolio had a weighted average cost of funds of approximately 1.82%, maturities ranging from 2017 through 2023, and a weighted average maturity of approximately 2.79 years.

For additional information regarding this transaction, please refer to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

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ITEM 2. – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In this Report, the words “Synovus,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Synovus Financial Corp. together with Synovus Bank and Synovus' other wholly-owned subsidiaries, except where the context requires otherwise.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements made or incorporated by reference in this Report which are not statements of historical fact including those under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this Report, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of, and subject to the protections of, Section 27A of the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to Synovus' beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, targets, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance and involve known and unknown risks, many of which are beyond Synovus' control and which may cause Synovus' actual results, performance or achievements or the commercial banking industry or economy generally, to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through Synovus' use of words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “assumes,” “predicts,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “intends,” “targets,” “estimates,” “projects,” “plans,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future or otherwise regarding the outlook for Synovus' future business and financial performance and/or the performance of the commercial banking industry and economy in general. Forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of Synovus' management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements in this document. Many of these factors are beyond Synovus' ability to control or predict. These factors include, but are not limited to:



(1)		the risk that competition in the financial services industry may adversely affect our future earnings and growth;



(2)		the risk that we may not realize the expected benefits from our efficiency and growth initiatives, which could negatively affect our future profitability;



(3)		the risk that our current and future information technology system enhancements and initiatives may not be successfully implemented, which could negatively impact our operations;



(4)		the risk that our enterprise risk management framework may not identify or address risks adequately, which may result in unexpected losses;



(5)		the risk that our allowance for loan losses may prove to be inadequate or may be negatively affected by credit risk exposures;



(6)		the risk that any future economic downturn could have a material adverse effect on our capital, financial condition, results of operations and future growth;



(7)		changes in the interest rate environment, including changes to the federal funds rate, and competition in our primary market area may result in increased funding costs or reduced earning assets yields, thus reducing margins and net interest income;



(8)		our ability to attract and retain key employees;



(9)		the risk that we may be required to make substantial expenditures to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in the financial services market;



(10)		risks related to our reliance on third parties to provide key components of our business infrastructure, including the costs of services and products provided to us by third parties, and risks related to disruptions in service or financial difficulties of a third-party vendor;



(11)		risks related to a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems of our infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors and other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, which could disrupt our businesses, result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs or cause losses;

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(12)		the impact of recent and proposed changes in governmental policy, laws and regulations, including proposed and recently enacted changes in the regulation of banks and financial institutions, or the interpretation or application thereof and the uncertainty of future implementation and enforcement of these regulations in light of the 2016 national election results;



(13)		the risk that we could realize losses if we determine to sell non-performing assets and the proceeds we receive are lower than the carrying value of such assets;



(14)		the risk that we may be exposed to potential losses in the event of fraud on cash accounts and/or theft;



(15)		the risk that we may not be able to identify suitable acquisition targets as part of our growth strategy and even if we are able to identify suitable acquisition targets, we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all, or successfully integrate bank or nonbank acquisitions into our existing operations;



(16)		the impact on our financial results, reputation, and business if we are unable to comply with all applicable federal and state regulations or other supervisory actions or directives and any necessary capital initiatives;



(17)		the risks that if economic conditions worsen or regulatory capital rules are modified, or the results of mandated “stress testing” do not satisfy certain criteria, we may be required to undertake initiatives to improve our capital position;



(18)		changes in the cost and availability of funding due to changes in the deposit market and credit market;



(19)		restrictions or limitations on access to funds from historical and alternative sources of liquidity could adversely affect our overall liquidity, which could restrict our ability to make payments on our obligations and our ability to support asset growth and sustain our operations and the operations of Synovus Bank;



(20)		our ability to receive dividends from our subsidiaries could affect our liquidity, including our ability to pay dividends or take other capital actions;



(21)		risks related to regulatory approval to take certain actions, including any dividends on our common stock or Series C Preferred Stock, any repurchases of common stock or any other issuance or redemption of any other regulatory capital instruments, as well as any applications in respect of expansionary initiatives;



(22)		risks related to recent and proposed changes in the mortgage banking industry, including the risk that we may be required to repurchase mortgage loans sold to third parties and the impact of the “ability to pay” and “qualified mortgage” rules on our loan origination process and foreclosure proceedings;



(23)		the risk that our current tax position, including the realization of our deferred tax assets in the future, could be subject to comprehensive tax reform;



(24)		the risk that we could have an “ownership change” under Section 382 of the Code, which could impair our ability to timely and fully utilize our net operating losses and built-in losses that may exist when such “ownership change” occurs;



(25)		the costs and effects of litigation, investigations, inquiries or similar matters, or adverse facts and developments related thereto;



(26)		risks related to the fluctuation in our stock price;



(27)		the effects of any damages to our reputation resulting from developments related to any of the items identified above; and



(28)		other factors and other information contained in this Report and in other reports and filings that we make with the SEC under the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, those found in "Risk Factors" of this Report.

For a discussion of these and other risks that may cause actual results to differ from expectations, refer to “Part I-Item 1A. Risk Factors” and other information contained in Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K and our other periodic filings, including quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, that we file from time to time with the SEC. All written or oral forward-looking statements that are made by or are attributable to Synovus are expressly qualified by this cautionary notice. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements since those statements speak only as of the date on which the statements are made. Synovus undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking information and statements, whether written or oral, to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of new information or unanticipated events, except as may otherwise be required by law.

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INTRODUCTION AND CORPORATE PROFILE

Synovus Financial Corp. is a financial services company and a registered bank holding company headquartered in Columbus, Georgia. Through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Synovus Bank, a Georgia state-chartered bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System, the company provides commercial and retail banking in addition to a full suite of specialized products and services including private banking, treasury management, wealth management, premium finance and international banking. Synovus also provides mortgage services, financial planning, and investment advisory services through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Synovus Mortgage, Synovus Trust, and Synovus Securities, as well as its GLOBALT and Creative Financial Group divisions.

Synovus Bank is positioned in some of the highest growth markets in the Southeast, with 248 branches and 327 ATMs in Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Florida, and Tennessee.

The following financial review summarizes the significant trends, changes in our business, transactions, and other matters affecting Synovus’ results of operations for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and financial condition as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. This discussion supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Report and the consolidated financial statements of Synovus, the notes thereto, and management’s discussion and analysis contained in Synovus’ 2016 Form 10-K.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations consists of:

Ÿ Discussion of Results of Operations - Reviews Synovus' financial performance, as well as selected balance sheet items,

items from the statements of income, and certain key ratios that illustrate Synovus' performance.

Ÿ Credit Quality, Capital Resources and Liquidity - Discusses credit quality, market risk, capital resources, and liquidity,

as well as performance trends. It also includes a discussion of liquidity policies, how Synovus obtains funding, and related

performance.

Ÿ Additional Disclosures - Discusses additional important matters including critical accounting policies and

non-GAAP financial measures used within this Report.

A reading of each section is important to understand fully the nature of our financial performance.

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DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Financial Highlights



	Six Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2017			2016		Change		2017			2016	Change
Net interest income	$	491,024		439,643		11.7	%	$	251,097		221,449	13.4	%
Provision for loan losses	18,934			16,070		17.8		10,260			6,693	53.3
Non-interest income	140,539			131,033		7.3		68,701			67,886	1.2
Adjusted non-interest income⁽¹⁾	136,038			131,244		3.7		70,054			67,773	3.4
Total revenues⁽²⁾	623,896			570,609		9.3		319,799			289,335	10.5
Non-interest expense	389,133			376,844		3.3		191,747			188,611	1.7
Adjusted non-interest expense⁽¹⁾	382,048			361,587		5.7		191,442			182,410	5.0
Income before income taxes	223,496			177,762		25.7		117,791			94,031	25.3
Net income	147,861			112,989		30.9		76,003			60,457	25.7
Net income available to common shareholders	142,742			107,870		32.3		73,444			57,898	26.9
Net income per common share, basic	1.17			0.85		36.6		0.60			0.46	29.9
Net income per common share, diluted	1.16			0.85		36.3		0.60			0.46	29.6
Net interest margin	3.46		%	3.27	%	19 bps		3.51		%	3.27	24 bps
Net charge-off ratio (annualized)	0.19			0.12		7 bps		0.26			0.11	15 bp
Return on average assets	0.98			0.78		20 bps		1.00			0.83	17 bp
Efficiency ratio⁽³⁾	62.31			65.97		(366) bps		59.90			65.11	(521) bp

⁽¹⁾See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

⁽²⁾Consists of net interest income and non-interest income excluding net investment securities gains.

⁽³⁾Non-interest expense as a percentage of the sum of net interest income (fully taxable equivalent basis) and non-interest income excluding net investment securities gains/losses.



	June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017	Sequential Quarter Change		June 30, 2016	Year-Over-Year Change
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017	Sequential Quarter Change		June 30, 2016	Year-Over-Year Change
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs	$	24,430,512		24,258,468	172,044		23,060,908	1,369,604
Total deposits	25,218,816			25,105,712	113,104		23,925,922	1,292,894
Total average deposits	24,991,708			24,918,855	72,853		23,608,027	1,383,681
Average core deposits⁽¹⁾	23,612,149			23,538,068	74,081		22,271,027	1,341,122
Average core transaction deposits⁽¹⁾	18,409,170			18,147,856	261,314		16,849,367	1,559,803

Non-performing assets ratio	0.73		%	0.77	(4) bps		0.81	(8) bps
Non-performing loans ratio	0.65			0.65	—		0.67	(2) bps
Past due loans over 90 days	0.02			0.01	1 bp		0.03	(1) bp

Tier 1 capital	$	2,734,983		2,758,794	(23,811	)	2,627,572	107,411
Common equity Tier 1 capital (transitional)	2,829,340			2,672,648	156,692		2,616,181	213,159
Total risk-based capital	3,340,155			3,274,612	65,543		3,146,897	193,258
Tier 1 capital ratio	10.02%			10.18	(16) bps		10.06	(4) bps
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio (transitional)	10.37			9.86	51 bps		10.01	36 bps
Total risk-based capital ratio	12.24			12.08	16 bps		12.05	19 bps
Total shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio	9.77			9.66	11 bps		10.02	(25) bps
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio⁽¹⁾	9.15			9.04	11 bps		9.52	(37) bps
Return on average common equity	10.34			9.97	37 bps		8.26	208 bps
Return on average tangible common equity⁽¹⁾	10.62			10.26	36 bps		8.33	229 bps

⁽¹⁾See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

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Results for the Six and Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, net income available to common shareholders was $142.7 million, or $1.16 per diluted common share, an increase of 32.3% and 36.3%, respectively, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, net income available to common shareholders was $73.4 million, or $0.60 per diluted common share, an increase of 26.8% and 29.6%, respectively, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016. For the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, results include an income tax benefit of $4.5 million and $378 thousand, respectively, from adoption of a new accounting standard update effective January 1, 2017 which includes a requirement to record all tax effects associated with share-based compensation through the income statement.

Total revenues of $623.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 are up 9.3% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016. Total revenues of $319.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 are up 10.5% vs. the same time period in 2016 with net interest income and non-interest income excluding net investment securities gains growing 13.4% and 3.4%, respectively, from the prior year. Net interest income was $251.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, up $29.6 million, or 13.4%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016. The net interest margin was 3.51% for the three months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of 9 basis points from the first quarter of 2017 and 24 basis points from 3.27% for the second quarter of 2016. The yield on earning assets was 3.99%, up 11 basis points from the first quarter of 2017 and up 26 basis points compared to the second quarter of 2016 and the effective cost of funds was up two basis points from both first quarter 2017 and second quarter 2016 at 0.48%. The yield on loans was 4.36%, an increase of 11 basis points sequentially and 21 basis points from the second quarter of 2016 and the yield on investment securities was 2.11%, an increase of 4 basis points sequentially and 22 basis points from the second quarter of 2016. Earning asset yields also benefited from a reduction of the average balance of lower yielding funds held at the Federal Reserve.

Non-interest income for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 was $140.5 million and $68.7 million, respectively, up $9.5 million, or 7.3%, and up $815 thousand, or 1.2%, compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. Adjusted non-interest income, which excludes net investment securities gains and decrease in fair value of private equity investments, net was up $4.8 million, or 3.7%, and up $2.3 million, or 3.4%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same periods a year ago.

Non-interest expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 was $389.1 million and $191.7 million, respectively, compared to $376.8 million and $188.6 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. Adjusted non-interest expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, which excludes restructuring charges, net, loss on early extinguishment of debt, net, litigation settlement expense, merger-related expense, fair value adjustment to Visa derivative, and amortization of intangibles, increased $20.5 million, or 5.7%, and $9.0 million, or 5.0%, compared to the same periods in 2016, respectively. Synovus has generated positive operating leverage through the first half of 2017, with the year-over-year expense growth primarily driven by strategic investments in talent and technology, higher third-party processing expense relating to third-party lending partnerships servicing fees, the addition of Global One, and expenses associated with Synovus Bank's transition to a single bank operating environment and single brand. Strategic investments in talent and technology accounted for approximately $10 million and $5 million of the increase for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016, as Synovus continues to add key talent and invest in technology to enhance the customer experience. Third-party processing expense relating to the servicing fees of third-party lending partnerships increased by $2.2 million and $1.2 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016, and Global One operating expenses accounted for $1.8 million and $568 thousand of the increase compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. Expenses associated with Synovus Bank's transition to a single bank operating environment and single brand resulted in higher expenses of $2.9 million and $1.9 million compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Credit quality metrics continued to be favorable during the three months ended June 30, 2017. The non-performing assets ratio declined 4 basis points to 0.73%, compared to 0.77% in the prior quarter, and was down 8 basis points from 0.81% a year ago. Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were $22.6 million, or 0.19% as a percentage of average loans annualized, compared to $13.5 million, or 0.12%, as a percentage of average loans annualized for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The $9.1 million or 67.5% increase from 2016 is primarily the result of charge-offs on a legacy credit that was fully reserved as well as a reduction in recoveries. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the provision for loan losses was $18.9 million, an increase of $2.9 million, or 17.8%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016 primarily due to a decline in recoveries. The allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2017 was $248.1 million, or 1.02% of total loans, compared to $251.8 million, or 1.06% of total loans, at December 31, 2016 and $255.1 million, or 1.11% of total loans, at June 30, 2016.

During the first quarter of 2017, Synovus recorded restructuring charges of $6.5 million consisting primarily of termination benefits incurred in conjunction with a voluntary early retirement program offered during the quarter. This program was part of Synovus' ongoing efficiency initiatives. During the first half of 2016, Synovus recorded restructuring charges of $7.0 million consisting primarily of asset impairment charges related to corporate real estate optimization activities and branch closures.

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At June 30, 2017, total loans were $24.43 billion, an increase of $574.1 million, or 4.9% annualized, and $1.37 billion or 5.9%, compared to December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. Year-over-year loan growth was driven by a $795.5 million or 7.3% increase in C&I loans and a $666.0 million or 14.4% increase in consumer loans, partially offset by a $93.4 million or 1.2% decline in CRE loans.

During the second quarter of 2017, total average deposits increased $72.9 million, or 1.2% annualized, compared to the first quarter of 2017, and increased $1.38 billion, or 5.9%, compared to the second quarter of 2016. Average core transaction deposits increased $261.3 million, or 5.8% annualized, compared to the prior quarter, and were up $1.56 billion, or 9.3%, compared to the second quarter of 2016. The increase in average deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2016 was due to growth in average core transaction deposits, which represented 73.7% of average deposits for the second quarter of 2017 compared to 71.4% a year ago. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

During January 2016, Synovus repurchased $124.7 million of its subordinated notes that matured on June 15, 2017 in conjunction with Synovus' cash tender offer that commenced on December 23, 2015 and expired on January 22, 2016. Results for the six months ended June 30, 2016 included a $4.7 million pre-tax loss relating to this tender offer.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, Synovus repurchased $45.3 million in common stock under the current share repurchase program, which authorizes repurchases of up to $200 million of the Company's common stock to be executed during 2017. Additionally, during the first quarter of 2017, Synovus increased the quarterly common stock dividend by 25% to $0.15 per share effective with the quarterly dividend declared during the first quarter of 2017. Total shareholders' equity was $3.00 billion at June 30, 2017, compared to $2.93 billion at December 31, 2016, and $2.95 billion at June 30, 2016. Return on average common equity was 10.34% at June 30, 2017, compared to 9.42% at December 31, 2016, and 8.26% at June 30, 2016. Return on average tangible common equity was 10.62% at June 30, 2017, compared to 9.65% at December 31, 2016, and 8.33% at June 30, 2016. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

2017 Outlook

For 2017, management currently expects:


•	Average loan growth of 5% to 7%


•	Average total deposits growth of 5% to 7%


•	Net interest income growth of 12% to 14%


•	Adjusted non-interest income* growth of 2% to 4%


•	Total non-interest expense growth of 2% to 4%


•	Effective income tax rate of 34% to 35%


•	Net charge-off ratio of 15 to 20 bps

* See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Changes in Financial Condition

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, total assets increased $584.0 million from $30.10 billion at December 31, 2016 to $30.69 billion. The principal component of this increase was an increase in loans, net of deferred fees and costs, of $574.1 million. Additionally, investment securities available for sale, at fair value, increased by $108.9 million, and Synovus increased its investment in BOLI policies by $75.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017. An increase of $570.8 million in deposits provided the primary funding source for the growth in loans and investments.

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Loans

The following table compares the composition of the loan portfolio at June 30, 2017, December 31, 2016, and June 30, 2016.



(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016		June 30, 2017 vs. December 31, 2016 % Change⁽¹⁾		June 30, 2016		June 30, 2017 vs. June 30, 2016 % Change
Investment properties	$	6,035,663		5,869,261		5.7	%	5,850,970		3.2	%
1-4 family properties	835,620			887,307		(11.7	)	967,334		(13.6	)
Land and development	542,988			609,406		(22.0	)	689,391		(21.2	)
Total commercial real estate	7,414,271			7,365,974		1.3		7,507,695		(1.2	)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	7,000,573			6,915,927		2.5		6,596,835		6.1
Owner-occupied	4,750,335			4,636,016		5.0		4,358,595		9.0
Total commercial and industrial	11,750,908			11,551,943		3.5		10,955,430		7.3
Home equity lines	1,563,167			1,617,265		(6.7	)	1,657,109		(5.7	)
Consumer mortgages	2,470,665			2,296,604		15.3		2,132,114		15.9
Credit cards	225,900			232,413		(5.7	)	236,034		(4.3	)
Other consumer loans	1,031,639			818,183		52.6		600,153		71.9
Total consumer	5,291,371			4,964,465		13.3		4,625,410		14.4
Total loans	24,456,550			23,882,382		4.8		23,088,535		5.9
Deferred fees and costs, net	(26,038		)	(25,991	)	0.4		(27,627	)	(5.8	)
Total loans, net of deferred fees and costs	$	24,430,512		23,856,391		4.9	%	23,060,908		5.9	%

⁽¹⁾Percentage changes are annualized

Commercial Loans

Total commercial loans (which are comprised of C&I and CRE loans) at June 30, 2017 were $19.17 billion, or 78.4% of the total loan portfolio, compared to $18.92 billion, or 79.2%, at December 31, 2016 and $18.46 billion, or 80.0%, at June 30, 2016.

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, Synovus had 27 and 29 commercial loan relationships, respectively, with total commitments of $50 million or more (including amounts funded). The average funded balance of these relationships at both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was approximately $34 million.

Commercial and Industrial Loans

The C&I loan portfolio represents the largest category of Synovus' total loan portfolio and is currently concentrated on small to middle market C&I lending dispersed throughout a diverse group of industries primarily in the Southeast and other selected areas in the United States, including health care and social assistance, manufacturing, retail trade, real-estate related industries, finance and insurance, professional, scientific, and technical services as well as wholesale trade, shown in the following table (aggregated by NAICS code). The portfolio is relationship focused and, as a result, Synovus' lenders have in-depth knowledge of the borrowers, most of which have guaranty arrangements. C&I loans are originated through Synovus' local market banking divisions and the Corporate Banking Group to commercial customers primarily to finance capital expenditures, including real property, plant and equipment, or as a source of working capital. In accordance with Synovus' lending policy, each loan undergoes a detailed underwriting process which incorporates uniform underwriting standards and oversight in proportion to the size and complexity of the lending relationship. As of June 30, 2017, approximately 93% of Synovus' C&I loans are secured by real estate, business equipment, inventory, and other types of collateral. C&I loans of $11.75 billion, representing 48.1% of the total loan portfolio, grew $199.0 million, or 3.5% annualized, from December 31, 2016 and $795.5 million, or 7.3%, from June 30, 2016. The year-over-year growth in C&I loans reflects $356.7 million in loans added from the Global One acquisition on October 1, 2016.

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Commercial and Industrial Loans by Industry	June 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		%⁽¹⁾		Amount		%⁽¹⁾
Health care and social assistance	$	2,640,636	22.5	%	$	2,594,572	22.5	%
Manufacturing	928,275		7.9		872,559		7.5
Retail trade	870,760		7.4		905,083		7.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	805,709		6.9		771,188		6.7
Finance and insurance	722,162		6.1		764,811		6.6
Professional, scientific, and technical services	711,833		6.1		681,529		5.9
Wholesale trade	705,147		6.0		645,124		5.6
Real estate other	587,531		5.0		517,426		4.5
Accommodation and food services	537,025		4.6		530,232		4.6
Construction	464,747		3.9		465,632		4.0
Transportation and warehousing	423,253		3.6		397,357		3.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting	373,340		3.2		387,589		3.4
Administration, support, waste management, and remediation	272,302		2.3		287,391		2.5
Educational services	239,964		2.0		222,516		1.9
Information	222,223		1.9		240,437		2.1
Other services	802,345		6.8		810,437		7.0
Other industries	443,656		3.8		458,060		4.0
Total commercial and industrial loans	$	11,750,908	100.0	%	$	11,551,943	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾Loan balance in each category expressed as a percentage of total C&I loans.

At June 30, 2017, $7.00 billion of C&I loans, or 28.7% of the total loan portfolio, represented loans originated for the purpose of financing commercial, financial, and agricultural business activities. The primary source of repayment on these loans is revenue generated from products or services offered by the business or organization. The secondary source of repayment is the collateral, which consists primarily of equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, time deposits, cash surrender value of life insurance, and other business assets.

At June 30, 2017, $4.75 billion of C&I loans, or 19.4% of the total loan portfolio, represented loans originated for the purpose of financing owner-occupied properties. The primary source of repayment on these loans is revenue generated from products or services offered by the business or organization. The secondary source of repayment on these loans is the real estate. These loans are predominately secured by owner-occupied properties and other real estate, and to a lesser extent, other types of collateral.

Commercial Real Estate Loans

Total CRE loans consist of investment properties loans, 1-4 family properties loans, as well as land and development loans. These loans are subject to the same uniform lending policies referenced above. CRE loans of $7.41 billion, representing 30.3% of the total loan portfolio, increased $48.3 million, or 1.3% annualized, from December 31, 2016 and decreased $93.4 million, or 1.2%, from June 30, 2016. The decline from a year ago was driven by strategic reductions in 1-4 family properties as well as land and development loans, partially offset by growth in investment properties.

Investment Properties Loans

Investment properties loans consist of construction and mortgage loans for income producing properties and are primarily made to finance multi-family properties, hotels, office buildings, shopping centers, warehouses, and other investment property. Total investment properties loans as of June 30, 2017 were $6.04 billion, or 81.4% of the total CRE portfolio and 24.7% of the total loan portfolio, compared to $5.87 billion, or 79.7% of the total CRE portfolio, and 24.6% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016, an increase of $166.4 million, or 5.7% annualized, driven by strong growth in the multi-family investment property category. Synovus' investment properties portfolio is well diversified by property type, geography (primarily within Synovus' primary market areas of Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, South Carolina, and Florida), and tenants. The investment properties loans are primarily secured by the property being financed by the loans; however, these loans may also be secured by real estate or other assets beyond the property being financed.

1-4 Family Properties Loans

1-4 family properties loans include construction loans to homebuilders and commercial mortgage loans to real estate investors and are almost always secured by the underlying property being financed by such loans. These properties are primarily located in the markets served by Synovus. Construction loans are generally interest-only loans and typically have maturities of three years or less, and commercial mortgage loans generally have maturities of three to five years, with amortization periods of up to fifteen

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to twenty years. At June 30, 2017, 1-4 family properties loans totaled $835.6 million, or 11.3% of the total CRE portfolio and 3.4% of the total loan portfolio, compared to $887.3 million, or 12.0% of the total CRE portfolio and 3.7% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016.

Land and Development Loans

Land and development loans include commercial and residential development as well as land acquisition loans and are secured by land held for future development, typically in excess of one year. These loans have short-term maturities and are typically unamortized. Properties securing these loans are substantially within the Synovus footprint, and loan terms generally include personal guarantees from the principals. Loans in this portfolio are underwritten based on the loan to value of the collateral and the capacity of the guarantor(s). Total land and development loans were $543.0 million at June 30, 2017, or 2.2% of the total loan portfolio, a decline of $66.4 million, or 22.0% annualized, from December 31, 2016. Synovus continues to strategically reduce its exposure to these types of loans.

Consumer Loans

The consumer loan portfolio consists of a wide variety of loan products offered through Synovus' banking network as well as third-party lending partnerships, including first and second residential mortgages, home equity lines, credit card loans, home improvement loans, student loans, and other consumer loans. The majority of Synovus' consumer loans are consumer mortgages and home equity lines secured by first and second liens on residential real estate primarily located in the markets served by Synovus.

Consumer loans at June 30, 2017 totaled $5.29 billion, representing 21.6% of the total loan portfolio compared to $4.96 billion, or 20.8% of the total loan portfolio at December 31, 2016, and $4.63 billion, or 20.0% of the total loan portfolio at June 30, 2016. Consumer loans increased $326.9 million, or 13.3% annualized, from December 31, 2016 and $666.0 million, or 14.4%, from June 30, 2016 as a result of the strategic initiative to diversify the composition of the loan portfolio. Consumer mortgages grew $174.1 million or 15.3% annualized, from December 31, 2016, and $338.6 million, or 15.9%, from June 30, 2016 primarily due to continued recruiting of mortgage loan originators in strategic markets throughout the footprint as well as enhanced origination efforts, which also create additional cross-selling opportunities for other products. Credit card loans totaled $225.9 million at June 30, 2017, including $58.4 million of commercial credit card loans. The commercial credit card loans relate to Synovus' commercial customers who utilize corporate credit cards for various business activities. Other consumer loans increased $213.5 million, or 52.6% annualized, from December 31, 2016, and $431.5 million, or 71.9%, from June 30, 2016 due to two consumer-based lending partnerships. One lending partnership, which began near the end of the third quarter of 2015, is a program that provides merchants and contractors nationwide with the ability to offer term financing to their customers for major purchases and home improvement projects. The other lending partnership, which began in the second quarter of 2016, primarily provides qualified borrowers the ability to refinance student loan debt. As of June 30, 2017, these partnerships had combined balances of $699.5 million, or 2.9% of the total loan portfolio.

Consumer loans are subject to uniform lending policies and consist primarily of loans with strong borrower credit scores. Synovus makes consumer lending decisions based upon a number of key credit risk determinants including FICO scores as well as loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratios. Risk levels 1-6 (descending) are assigned to consumer loans based upon a risk score matrix. At least annually, the consumer loan portfolio data is sent to a consumer credit reporting agency for a refresh of customers' credit scores so that management can evaluate ongoing consistency or negative migration in the quality of the portfolio, which impacts the allowance for loan losses. The most recent credit score refresh was completed as of June 30, 2017. Revolving lines of credit are regularly reviewed for any material change in financial circumstances, and when appropriate, the line of credit may be suspended for further advances. FICO scores within the residential real estate portfolio have generally remained stable over the last several years.

At June 30, 2017, weighted-average FICO scores within the residential real estate portfolio were 761 for HELOCs and 770 for consumer mortgages. Conservative debt-to-income ratios (average HELOC debt to income ratio of loans originated) were maintained in the second quarter of 2017 at 32.3% compared to 31.1% in the first quarter of 2017. HELOC utilization rates (total amount outstanding as a percentage of total available lines) of 56.7% and 58.3% at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and loan-to-value ratios based upon prudent guidelines were maintained to ensure consistency with Synovus' overall risk philosophy. At June 30, 2017, 36% of home equity line balances were secured by a first lien, and 64% were secured by a second lien. Apart from credit card loans and unsecured loans, Synovus does not originate loans with LTV ratios greater than 100% at origination except for infrequent situations provided that certain underwriting requirements are met. Additionally, at origination, loan maturities are determined based on the borrower's ability to repay (cash flow or earning power of the borrower that represents the primary source of repayment) and the collateralization of the loan, including the economic life of the asset being pledged. Collateral securing these loans provides a secondary source of repayment in that the collateral may be liquidated. Synovus determines the need for collateral on a case-by-case basis. Factors considered include the purpose of the loan, current and prospective credit-worthiness of the customer, terms of the loan, and economic conditions.

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Higher-risk consumer loans as defined by the FDIC are consumer loans (excluding consumer loans defined as nontraditional mortgage loans) where, as of the origination date or, if the loan has been refinanced, as of the refinance date, the probability of default within two years is greater than 20%, as determined using a defined historical stress period. These loans are not a part of Synovus' consumer lending strategy, and Synovus does not currently offer specific higher-risk consumer loans, alt-A, no documentation or stated income residential real estate loan products. Synovus estimates that, as of June 30, 2017, it had $100.7 million of higher-risk consumer loans (1.9% of the consumer portfolio and 0.4% of the total loan portfolio) compared to $108.8 million as of June 30, 2016. Included in these amounts as of both June 30, 2017 and 2016 are approximately $12 million of accruing TDRs.

Deposits

Deposits provide the most significant funding source for interest earning assets. The following table shows the relative composition of average deposits for the time periods indicated.



Composition of Average Deposits

(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2017		%⁽¹⁾		March 31, 2017	%⁽¹⁾	December 31, 2016	%⁽¹⁾	June 30, 2016	%⁽¹⁾
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	7,298,845	29.2	%	7,174,146	28.8	7,280,033	29.5	6,930,336	29.4
Interest bearing demand deposits	4,837,053		19.4		4,784,329	19.2	4,488,135	18.2	4,233,310	17.9
Money market accounts, excluding brokered deposits	7,427,562		29.7		7,424,627	29.8	7,359,067	29.8	7,082,759	30.0
Savings deposits	805,019		3.2		909,660	3.7	908,725	3.7	746,225	3.2
Time deposits, excluding brokered deposits	3,243,670		13.0		3,245,306	13.0	3,244,373	13.2	3,278,396	13.9
Brokered deposits	1,379,559		5.5		1,380,787	5.5	1,380,932	5.6	1,337,001	5.6
Total average deposits	24,991,708		100.0	%	24,918,855	100.0	24,661,265	100.0	23,608,027	100.0
Average core deposits⁽²⁾	23,612,149		94.5		23,538,068	94.5	23,280,334	94.4	22,271,027	94.3
Average core transaction deposits ⁽²⁾	$	18,409,170	73.7	%	18,147,856	72.8	17,776,147	72.1	16,849,367	71.4

⁽¹⁾ Deposits balance in each category expressed as percentage of total deposits.

⁽²⁾ See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Average non-interest bearing demand deposits as a percentage of total average deposits were 29.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to 28.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, and 29.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2016.

Average time deposits of $100,000 and greater for the three months ended June 30, 2017, March 31, 2017, and June 30, 2016 were $2.86 billion, $2.79 billion, and $2.90 billion, respectively, and included average brokered time deposits of $815.5 million, $761.2 million, and $885.6 million, respectively. These larger deposits represented 11.4%, 11.2%, and 12.3% of total average deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2017, March 31, 2017, and June 30, 2016, respectively, and included brokered time deposits which represented 3.3%, 3.1%, and 3.8% of total average deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2017, March 31, 2017, and June 30, 2016, respectively. Given the growth in core transaction deposits, Synovus continues to decrease its reliance on higher cost time deposits.

During May 2016, Synovus launched a bank deposit sweep product, which resulted in the addition of approximately $293 million in deposits from existing customers of Synovus Securities. These customers previously had their cash balances invested in mutual funds with an unaffiliated institution. The total aggregate balance of these accounts was approximately $338.5 million as of June 30, 2017.

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During the second quarter of 2017, total average brokered deposits represented 5.5% of Synovus' total average deposits compared to 5.5% and 5.6% of total average deposits the previous quarter and the second quarter a year ago, respectively.

Non-interest Income

The following table shows the principal components of non-interest income.



Non-interest Income	Six Months Ended June 30,							Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017			2016		% Change		2017			2016	% Change
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	39,593		39,950		(0.9	)%	$	19,820		20,240	(2.1	)%
Fiduciary and asset management fees	24,676			22,854		8.0		12,524			11,580	8.2
Brokerage revenue	14,436			13,821		4.4		7,210			7,338	(1.7	)
Mortgage banking income	11,548			11,425		1.1		5,784			5,941	(2.6	)
Bankcard fees	16,438			16,718		(1.7	)	8,253			8,346	(1.1	)
Investment securities gains (losses), net	7,667			67		nm		(1		)	—	nm
Decrease in fair value of private equity investments, net	(3,166		)	(278	)	nm		(1,352		)	113	nm
Other fee income	11,033			10,084		9.4		6,164			5,280	16.7
Other non-interest income	18,314			16,392		11.7		10,299			9,048	13.8
Total non-interest income	$	140,539		131,033		7.3	%	$	68,701		67,886	1.2	%

Principal Components of Non-interest Income

Service charges on deposit accounts for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 were down $357 thousand, or 0.9%, and down $420 thousand, or 2.1%, respectively, compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016. Service charges on deposit accounts consist of NSF fees, account analysis fees, and all other service charges. NSF fees were $17.9 million and $8.9 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, down $411 thousand, or 2.2%, and $249 thousand, or 2.7%, compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. The decline in NSF fees from prior year is primarily due to lower Regulation E opt-in rates on new accounts as well as lower incident levels given higher average deposit balances. Account analysis fees were $12.3 million and $6.2 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, up $260 thousand, or 2.2%, and down $35 thousand, or 0.6%, compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. All other service charges on deposit accounts, which consist primarily of monthly fees on retail demand deposit and saving accounts, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 were $9.4 million and $4.7 million, down $207 thousand, or 2.2%, and $136 thousand, or 2.8%, compared to the same periods in 2016.

Fiduciary and asset management fees are derived from providing estate administration, employee benefit plan administration, personal trust, corporate trust, corporate bond, investment management, and financial planning services. Fiduciary and asset management fees increased $1.8 million, or 8.0%, and $944 thousand, or 8.2%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016. The year-over-year increase is driven by growth in total assets under management, which ended the quarter at $12.43 billion, an increase of 10.3% from June 30, 2016, from higher equity markets as well as increased banker productivity, as Synovus continues to benefit from new talent additions.

Brokerage revenue, which consists primarily of brokerage commissions, was $14.4 million and $7.2 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, up $615 thousand, or 4.4%, and down $128 thousand, or 1.7%, compared to the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. The increase for the first half of 2017 compared to the first half of 2016 is largely driven by growth in brokerage assets under management, which ended the quarter at $2.12 billion, an increase of 19.4% from June 30, 2016, as well as increased banker productivity, as Synovus continues to benefit from new talent additions.

Mortgage banking income was $11.5 million and $5.8 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to $11.4 million and $5.9 million for the same periods in 2016. During the second quarter of 2017, mortgage production

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excluding portfolio loan production increased 7.2% sequentially and declined 7.2% from the same time period in 2016, reflecting a decline in refinancing volume. Total mortgage production for the first half of 2017 was $635.9 million (which includes $310.0 million of portfolio loans), down 0.8% from the first half of 2016.

Bankcard fees totaled $16.4 million and $8.3 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to $16.7 million and $8.3 million for the same periods in 2016. Bankcard fees consist primarily of credit card interchange fees and debit card interchange fees. Debit card interchange fees were $8.6 million, up $105 thousand, or 1.2%, and $4.4 million, up $70 thousand, or 1.6%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016. Credit card interchange fees were $11.1 million, down $108 thousand, or 1.0%, and $5.6 million, down $100 thousand, or 1.7%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016.

Investment securities gains, net of $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 included a $3.4 million gain on the sale of an equity position and a $4.3 million gain from the repositioning of the investment securities portfolio during the first quarter of 2017.

Other fee income includes fees for letters of credit and unused lines of credit, safe deposit box fees, access fees for automated teller machine use, customer swap dealer fees, and other service charges. Other fee income was higher by $949 thousand, or 9.4%, and $884 thousand, or 16.7%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016 driven by higher customer swap dealer fees and syndication arranger fees.

The main components of other non-interest income are income from BOLI policies, insurance commissions, gains from sales of GGL/SBA loans, card sponsorship fees, and other miscellaneous items. The increase of $1.9 million, or 11.7%, and $1.3 million, or 13.8%, during the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016, was due primarily to growth in BOLI revenues, gains on sales of GGL/SBA loans, and insurance revenues. BOLI revenues grew $1.5 million and $863 thousand during the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, driven by additional investments in BOLI policies. Gains from the sale of GGL/SBA loans were up $1.2 million compared to 2016 on a year-to-date basis and for the second quarter compared to the second quarter of 2016. Insurance revenues grew $480 thousand, or 25.5%, and $168 thousand, or 18.8%, during the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016.

Non-interest Expense

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The following table summarizes the components of non-interest expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.



Non-interest Expense
	Six Months Ended June 30,					Three Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017		2016	% Change		2017		2016	% Change
Salaries and other personnel expense	$	212,404	198,419	7.0	%	$	105,213	97,061	8.4	%
Net occupancy and equipment expense	59,264		53,360	11.1		29,933		26,783	11.8
Third-party processing expense	26,223		22,814	14.9		13,620		11,698	16.4
FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees	13,645		13,344	2.3		6,875		6,625	3.8
Professional fees	12,907		13,307	(3.0	)	7,551		6,938	8.8
Advertising expense	11,258		9,761	15.3		5,346		7,351	(27.3	)
Foreclosed real estate expense, net	3,582		7,272	(50.7	)	1,448		4,588	(68.4	)
Earnout liability adjustment	1,707		—	nm		1,707		—	nm
Merger-related expense	86		—	nm		—		—	—
Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net	—		4,735	nm		—		—	—
Fair value adjustment to Visa derivative	—		720	nm		—		360	nm
Restructuring charges, net	6,524		6,981	(6.5	)	13		5,841	nm
Other operating expenses	41,533		46,131	(10.0	)	20,041		21,366	(6.2	)
Total non-interest expense	$	389,133	376,844	3.3	%	$	191,747	188,611	1.7	%

Salaries and other personnel expenses increased $14.0 million, or 7.0%, and $8.2 million, or 8.4%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016, primarily due to annual merit increases, talent additions, higher self-insurance expense, and Global One.

Net occupancy and equipment expense was up $5.9 million, or 11.1%, and $3.2 million, or 11.8%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016 as costs associated with growth in technology investments offset efficiencies gained in occupancy and related expenses. Synovus' branch network consists of 248 locations at June 30, 2017 compared to 253 branches a year ago.

Third-party processing expense includes all third-party core operating system and processing charges as well as third-party servicing charges. Third-party processing expense increased $3.4 million, or 14.9%, and $1.9 million, or 16.4%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016, driven by an increase of $2.2 million and $1.2 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016, from servicing charges associated with loan growth from Synovus' two consumer-based lending partnerships.

FDIC insurance and other regulatory fees increased by $301 thousand, or 2.3%, and $250 thousand, or 3.8%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, compared to the same periods in 2016. On March 15, 2016, the FDIC approved a final rule to increase the DIF to the statutorily required minimum level of 1.35%. Congress, in the Dodd-Frank Act, increased the minimum for the DIF reserve ratio, the ratio of the amount in the fund to insured deposits, from 1.15% percent to 1.35% and required that the ratio reach that level by September 30, 2020. Further, the Dodd-Frank Act also made banks with $10 billion or more in total assets responsible for the increase from 1.15% to 1.35%. Under a rule adopted by the FDIC in 2011, regular assessment rates for all banks would decline when the reserve ratio reached 1.15%, which occurred during the second quarter of 2016. Banks with total assets of less than $10 billion have substantially lower assessment rates under the 2011 rule. The final rule imposed on banks with at least $10 billion in assets a surcharge of 4.5 cents per $100 of their assessment base, after making certain adjustments. The FDIC expects the reserve ratio will likely reach 1.35% after approximately two years of payments of the surcharges. The final rule became effective on July 1, 2016 with surcharge assessments beginning July 1, 2016. Synovus' FDIC insurance cost remained relatively flat to prior levels following the surcharge assessment since regular assessment rates declined at the same time the surcharge assessment became effective.

Professional fees for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were down $400 thousand, or 3.0%, compared to the same period in 2016, from declines in legal expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, professional fees were higher by $613 thousand, or 8.8%, compared to the same period in 2016, driven by increases in consulting expense related to Synovus Bank's transition to a single bank operating environment.

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Advertising expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was up $1.5 million, compared to the same period in 2016 due primarily to a timing related increase as Synovus incurred expenses during the first quarter of 2017 associated with brand and targeted advertising efforts, including an ad that ran across Synovus' footprint during the Superbowl.

Foreclosed real estate expense declined $3.7 million, or 50.7%, and $3.1 million or, 68.4%, for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016 due to lower disposition-related costs. ORE balances declined $13.8 million to $19.5 million at June 30, 2017 compared to prior year.

During the second quarter of 2017, Synovus recorded contingent consideration expense of $1.7 million resulting from an update to the estimated fair value of the Global One earnout liability.

Merger-related expense consists of professional fees relating to the October 1, 2016 acquisition of Global One. See "Note 2- Acquisition" in this Report for more information on the October 1, 2016 acquisition of Global One.

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, Synovus recorded severance charges of $6.5 million including $6.2 million for termination benefits incurred in conjunction with a voluntary early retirement program offered during the first quarter. This program was part of Synovus' ongoing efficiency initiatives. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, Synovus recorded restructuring charges of $5.8 million with $4.8 million of those charges related to Synovus' corporate real estate optimization activities and $1.0 million associated with branch closures. Restructuring charges associated with branch closures during the first quarter of 2016 totaled $1.1 million.

Other operating expenses for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017 included a $2.4 million gain from the settlement of a contingent receivable while the six months ended June 30, 2016 included litigation settlement expense of $2.7 million recognized during the first quarter of 2016.

The efficiency ratio improved to below 60% at 59.90% in the second quarter of 2017, down from 65.11% a year ago. The adjusted efficiency ratio was 59.56% in the second quarter of 2107, compared to 63.00% in the second quarter of 2016. The calculation of the adjusted efficiency ratio was revised during the first quarter of this year. ORE expense and other credit costs had been excluded since the financial crisis due to the abnormal level of expenditure. Given the more normalized level of expense that Synovus is now experiencing, these costs will be included in the calculation hereafter and previous quarters have been restated as well. The change in the calculation resulted in a higher adjusted efficiency ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $75.6 million and $41.8 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, representing effective tax rates of 33.8% and 35.5% during the respective periods compared to income tax expense of $64.8 million and $33.6 million for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, representing effective tax rates of 36.4% and 35.7% during the respective periods. The rate decrease for the first half of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 was primarily due to adoption of the new accounting standard update for share-based compensation effective January 1, 2017 which includes a requirement to record all tax effects associated with share-based compensation through the income statement. These tax effects, which are determined upon the vesting of restricted share units and the exercise of stock options, are treated as discrete items in the period in which they occur. For the six and three months ended June 30, 2017, the impact from the adoption of the new accounting standard update was an income tax benefit of $4.5 million and $378 thousand, respectively. Synovus currently estimates that the benefit from this accounting standard update for the remainder of 2017 will be less than $1.0 million per quarter.

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CREDIT QUALITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

Credit Quality

Synovus continuously monitors the quality of its loan portfolio by industry, property type, geography, as well as credit quality metrics and maintains an allowance for loan losses that management believes is sufficient to absorb probable losses inherent in its loan portfolio. Credit quality metrics have remained favorable during the first six months of 2017.

The table below includes selected credit quality metrics.



Credit Quality Metrics
(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016	June 30, 2016
Non-performing loans	$	159,317		153,378	154,072
Impaired loans held for sale⁽¹⁾	127			—	—
Other real estate	19,476			22,308	33,289
Non-performing assets	$	178,920		175,686	187,361
Non-performing loans as a % of total loans	0.65		%	0.64	0.67
Non-performing assets as a % of total loans, other loans held for sale, and ORE	0.73			0.74	0.81
Loans 90 days past due and still accruing	$	4,550		3,135	5,964
As a % of total loans	0.02		%	0.01	0.03
Total past due loans and still accruing	$	66,788		65,106	55,716
As a % of total loans	0.27		%	0.27	0.24
Net charge-offs, quarter	$	15,679		8,319	6,133
Net charge-offs/average loans, quarter	0.26		%	0.14	0.11
Net charge-offs, year-to-date	$	22,597		28,738	13,490
Net charge-offs/average loans, year-to-date	0.19		%	0.12	0.12
Provision for loan losses, quarter	$	10,260		6,259	6,693
Provision for loan losses, year-to-date	18,934			28,000	16,070
Allowance for loan losses	248,095			251,758	255,076
Allowance for loan losses as a % of total loans	1.02		%	1.06	1.11

⁽¹⁾Represent only impaired loans that have been specifically identified to be sold. Impaired loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell, based primarily on estimated sales proceeds net of selling costs.

Non-performing Assets

Total NPAs were $178.9 million at June 30, 2017, a $3.2 million, or 1.8%, increase from $175.7 million at December 31, 2016 and a $8.4 million, or 4.5%, decrease from $187.4 million at June 30, 2016. The year-over-year decline in non-performing assets was driven by the continued resolution of problem assets including workouts and dispositions. Total non-performing assets as a percentage of total loans, other loans held for sale, and other real estate were 0.73% at June 30, 2017 compared to 0.74% at December 31, 2016 and 0.81% at June 30, 2016.

Retail Trade Loan Portfolio

As of June 30, 2017, loans in the retail trade industry consisted of $870.8 million of C&I loans and $864.9 million of CRE (investment properties) loans. These portfolios are well-diversified geographically. Based on an analysis of these portfolios as of June 30, 2017, we believe that the majority of these loans do not have exposure to the retail sectors which are most adversely impacted by competition from online retail and big-box retail store closures. As of June 30, 2017, these portfolios had non-performing loans of $6.0 million, 0.03% of loans past due 90 days or more, and 0.16% of loans past due 30 days or more as a percentage of total retail trade loans outstanding.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Accruing TDRs were $167.4 million at June 30, 2017, compared to $195.8 million at December 31, 2016 and $205.2 million at June 30, 2016. Accruing TDRs declined $28.4 million, or 14.5%, from December 31, 2016 and $37.8 million, or 18.4%, from a year ago primarily due to lower TDR inflows, fewer TDRs having to retain the TDR designation upon subsequent renewal, refinance, or modification, and pay-offs.

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At June 30, 2017, the allowance for loan losses allocated to these accruing TDRs was $8.5 million compared to $9.8 million at December 31, 2016 and $12.7 million at June 30, 2016. Accruing TDRs are considered performing because they are performing in accordance with the restructured terms. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 98% and 99%, respectively, of accruing TDRs were current. In addition, subsequent defaults on accruing TDRs (defaults defined as the earlier of the TDR being placed on non-accrual status or reaching 90 days past due with respect to principal and/or interest payments within twelve months of the TDR designation) have remained low, and consisted of three defaults with a recorded investment of $292 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to one default with a recorded investment of $92 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2016.



Accruing TDRs by Risk Grade	June 30, 2017				December 31, 2016		June 30, 2016
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		%		Amount	%	Amount	%
Pass	$	69,943	41.8	%	81,615	41.7	64,314	31.3
Special Mention	20,550		12.3		29,250	14.9	33,744	16.5
Substandard accruing	76,902		45.9		84,911	43.4	107,107	52.2
Total accruing TDRs	$	167,395	100.0	%	195,776	100.0	205,165	100.0



Accruing TDRs Aging by Portfolio Class
	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due	90+ Days Past Due	Total
Investment properties	$	27,991	—	—	27,991
1-4 family properties	15,483		397	—	15,880
Land and development	22,908		—	—	22,908
Total commercial real estate	66,382		397	—	66,779
Commercial, financial and agricultural	36,248		1,517	—	37,765
Owner-occupied	34,480		—	—	34,480
Total commercial and industrial	70,728		1,517	—	72,245
Home equity lines	6,571		344	—	6,915
Consumer mortgages	17,193		538	—	17,731
Credit cards	—		—	—	—
Other consumer loans	3,669		56	—	3,725
Total consumer	27,433		938	—	28,371
Total accruing TDRs	$	164,543	2,852	—	167,395

	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Current		30-89 Days Past Due	90+ Days Past Due	Total
Investment properties	$	30,182	133	—	30,315
1-4 family properties	22,694		—	—	22,694
Land and development	26,015		10	—	26,025
Total commercial real estate	78,891		143	—	79,034
Commercial, financial and agricultural	31,443		798	—	32,241
Owner-occupied	52,333		—	—	52,333
Total commercial and industrial	83,776		798	—	84,574
Home equity lines	7,526		412	—	7,938
Consumer mortgages	18,518		572	—	19,090
Credit cards	—		—	—	—
Other consumer loans	5,013		127	—	5,140
Total consumer	31,057		1,111	—	32,168
Total accruing TDRs	$	193,724	2,052	—	195,776

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Non-accruing TDRs were $10.1 million at June 30, 2017 compared to $11.4 million at December 31, 2016. Non-accruing TDRs generally may be returned to accrual status if there has been a period of performance, consisting usually of at least a six month sustained period of repayment performance in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

Potential Problem Loans

Potential problem loans are defined by management as being certain performing loans with a well-defined weakness where there is known information about possible credit problems of borrowers which causes management to have concerns about the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present repayment terms of such loans. Potential problem commercial loans consist of commercial Substandard accruing loans but exclude loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest and accruing TDRs classified as Substandard since these loans are disclosed separately. Potential problem commercial loans were $149.2 million at June 30, 2017 compared to $162.0 million and $144.1 million at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. Synovus cannot predict whether these potential problem loans ultimately will become non-performing loans or result in losses.

Net Charge-offs

Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were $22.6 million, or 0.19% as a percentage of average loans annualized, compared to $13.5 million, or 0.12%, as a percentage of average loans annualized for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The $9.1 million or 67.5% increase from 2016 is primarily the result of charge-offs on a legacy credit that was fully reserved as well as a reduction in recoveries.

Provision for Loan Losses and Allowance for Loan Losses

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the provision for loan losses was $18.9 million, an increase of $2.9 million, or 17.8%, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016 primarily due to a decline in recoveries.

The allowance for loan losses at June 30, 2017 was $248.1 million, or 1.02% of total loans, compared to $251.8 million, or 1.06% of total loans, at December 31, 2016 and $255.1 million, or 1.11% of total loans, at June 30, 2016.

Capital Resources

Synovus and Synovus Bank are required to comply with capital adequacy standards established by their primary federal regulator, the Federal Reserve. Synovus has always placed great emphasis on maintaining a solid capital base and continues to satisfy applicable regulatory capital requirements.

At June 30, 2017, Synovus and Synovus Bank's capital levels each exceeded well-capitalized requirements currently in effect. The following table presents certain ratios used to measure Synovus and Synovus Bank's capitalization.

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Capital Ratios
(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Tier 1 capital
Synovus Financial Corp.	$	2,734,983		2,685,880
Synovus Bank	3,098,126			3,187,583
Common equity Tier 1 capital (transitional)
Synovus Financial Corp.	2,829,340			2,654,287
Synovus Bank	3,098,126			3,187,583
Total risk-based capital
Synovus Financial Corp.	3,340,155			3,201,268
Synovus Bank	3,348,941			3,441,563
Tier 1 capital ratio
Synovus Financial Corp.	10.02		%	10.07
Synovus Bank	11.37			11.97
Common equity Tier 1 ratio (transitional)
Synovus Financial Corp.	10.37			9.96
Synovus Bank	11.37			11.97
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets ratio
Synovus Financial Corp.	12.24			12.01
Synovus Bank	12.29			12.93
Leverage ratio
Synovus Financial Corp.	9.30			8.99
Synovus Bank	10.20			10.68
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio ⁽¹⁾
Synovus Financial Corp.	9.15			9.09

⁽¹⁾ See " Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

The Basel III capital rules became effective January 1, 2015, for Synovus and Synovus Bank, subject to a transition period for several aspects, including the capital conservation buffer and certain regulatory capital adjustments and deductions, as described below. Under the Basel III capital rules, the minimum capital requirements for Synovus and Synovus Bank include a common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio of 4.5%; Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%; total capital ratio of 8%; and leverage ratio of 4%. When fully phased-in on January 1, 2019, the Basel III capital rules include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% that is added on top of each of the minimum risk-based capital ratios. The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and will be phased-in over a three-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019). As a financial holding company, Synovus and its subsidiary bank, Synovus Bank, are required to maintain capital levels required for a well-capitalized institution as defined by federal banking regulations. Under the Basel III capital rules, Synovus and Synovus Bank are well-capitalized if each has a CET1 ratio of 6.5% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8% or greater, a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater, a leverage ratio of 5% or greater, and are not subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive, or prompt corrective action directive from a federal and/or state banking regulatory agency to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure.

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, Synovus repurchased $45.3 million in common stock under the current share repurchase program which was authorized during the fourth quarter of 2016 by Synovus' Board of Directors. The current share repurchase program authorized share repurchases of up to $200 million of the Company's common stock to be executed during 2017. As of June 30, 2017 and August 4, 2017, the remaining authorization under this program was $154.7 million and $141.3 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2017, total disallowed deferred tax assets were $142.0 million or 0.52% of risk-weighted assets compared to $218.3 million or 0.82% of risk-weighted assets at December 31, 2016. Disallowed deferred tax assets for CET1 were $113.6 million at June 30, 2017 compared to $131.0 million at December 31, 2016, due to a three-year phase-in of the total disallowed deferred tax asset for the CET1 capital measure. Basel III revised the deferred tax asset limitation criteria effective January 1, 2015 and now includes the component of deferred tax assets arising from temporary timing differences in regulatory capital up to certain levels of CET1. Thus, the disallowed portion of deferred tax assets is comprised of net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Synovus' deferred tax asset is projected to continue to decline, thus creating additional regulatory capital in future periods. See "Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Income Taxes" in Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K for more information on Synovus' net deferred tax asset.

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Synovus' CET1 ratio was 10.02% at June 30, 2017 under Basel III transitional provisions and the estimated fully phased-in CET1 ratio, as of June 30, 2017, was 9.82%, both of which are well in excess of regulatory requirements. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Report for the applicable reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Management currently believes, based on internal capital analysis and earnings projections, that Synovus' capital position is adequate to meet current and future regulatory minimum capital requirements.

Dividends

Synovus has historically paid a quarterly cash dividend to the holders of its common stock. Management and the Board of Directors closely monitor current and projected capital levels, liquidity (including dividends from subsidiaries), financial markets and other economic trends, as well as regulatory requirements regarding the payment of dividends. During the first quarter of 2017, Synovus increased the quarterly common stock dividend by 25% to $0.15 per share effective with the quarterly dividend declared during the first quarter of 2017.

Synovus' ability to pay dividends on its capital stock, consisting of the common stock and the Series C Preferred Stock, is primarily dependent upon dividends and distributions that it receives from its bank and non-banking subsidiaries, which are restricted by various regulations administered by federal and state bank regulatory authorities, as further discussed below in the section titled "Liquidity." During the first quarter of 2017, Synovus Bank paid upstream cash dividends of $100.0 million to Synovus and during the second quarter of 2017, Synovus Bank made upstream cash distributions to Synovus totaling $200.0 million including cash dividends of $65.2 million. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2017, Synovus Securities made upstream cash distributions to Synovus of $10.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Synovus Bank paid upstream cash dividends to Synovus totaling $325.0 million with $180.0 million paid during the first six months of 2016.

Synovus declared dividends of $0.30 and $0.24 per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and paid dividends of $0.15 and $0.24 during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. In addition to dividends paid on its common stock, Synovus paid dividends of $5.1 million on its Series C Preferred Stock during both the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Liquidity

Liquidity represents the extent to which Synovus has readily available sources of funding needed to meet the needs of depositors, borrowers and creditors, to support asset growth, and to otherwise sustain operations of Synovus and its subsidiaries, at a reasonable cost, on a timely basis, and without adverse consequences. ALCO monitors Synovus' economic, competitive, and regulatory environment and is responsible for measuring, monitoring, and reporting on liquidity and funding risk, interest rate risk, and market risk and has the authority to establish policies relative to these risks. ALCO, operating under liquidity and funding policies approved by the Board of Directors, actively analyzes contractual and anticipated cash flows in order to properly manage Synovus’ liquidity position.

Contractual and anticipated cash flows are analyzed under normal and stressed conditions to determine forward looking liquidity needs and sources. Synovus analyzes liquidity needs under various scenarios of market conditions and operating performance. This analysis includes stress testing and measures expected sources and uses of funds under each scenario. Emphasis is placed on maintaining numerous sources of current and potential liquidity to allow Synovus to meet its obligations to depositors, borrowers, and creditors on a timely basis.

Liquidity is generated primarily through maturities and repayments of loans by customers, maturities and sales of investment securities, deposit growth, and access to sources of funds other than deposits. Management continuously monitors and maintains appropriate levels of liquidity so as to provide adequate funding sources to manage customer deposit withdrawals, loan requests, and funding maturities. Liquidity is also enhanced by the acquisition of new deposits. Each of the banking divisions monitors deposit flows and evaluates local market conditions in an effort to retain and grow deposits.

Synovus Bank also generates liquidity through the national deposit markets through the issuance of brokered certificates of deposit and money market accounts. Synovus Bank accesses these funds from a broad geographic base to diversify its sources of funding and liquidity. Synovus Bank has the capacity to access funding through its membership in the FHLB System. At June 30, 2017, based on currently pledged collateral, Synovus Bank had access to incremental funding of $480 million, subject to FHLB credit policies, through utilization of FHLB advances.

In addition to bank level liquidity management, Synovus must manage liquidity at the parent company level for various operating needs including the servicing of debt, the payment of dividends on our common stock and preferred stock, share repurchases, payment of general corporate expenses and potential capital infusions into subsidiaries. The primary source of liquidity for Synovus consists of dividends from Synovus Bank, which is governed by certain rules and regulations of the GA DBF and the Federal Reserve Bank. During the first quarter of 2017, Synovus Bank paid upstream cash dividends of $100.0 million to Synovus

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and during the second quarter of 2017, Synovus Bank made upstream cash distributions to Synovus totaling $200.0 million including cash dividends of $65.2 million. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2017, Synovus Securities made upstream cash distributions to Synovus of $10.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2016, Synovus Bank paid upstream cash dividends to Synovus totaling $325.0 million with $180.0 million paid during the first six months of 2016. Synovus' ability to receive dividends from Synovus Bank in future periods will depend on a number of factors, including, without limitation, Synovus Bank's future profits, asset quality, liquidity and overall condition. In addition, GA DBF rules and related statutes contain limitations on payments of dividends by Synovus Bank without the approval of the GA DBF. During the second quarter, Synovus' parent company paid off the remaining balance of $278.6 million of its subordinated notes at their maturity date of June 15, 2017.

Synovus presently believes that the sources of liquidity discussed above, including existing liquid funds on hand, are sufficient to meet its anticipated funding needs. However, if economic conditions were to significantly deteriorate, regulatory capital requirements for Synovus or Synovus Bank increase as the result of regulatory directives or otherwise, or Synovus believes it is prudent to enhance current liquidity levels, then Synovus may seek additional liquidity from external sources. See "Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors - Changes in the cost and availability of funding due to changes in the deposit market and credit market may adversely affect our capital resources, liquidity and financial results." of Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K.

Earning Assets and Sources of Funds

Average total assets for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased $1.45 billion, or 5.0%, to $30.54 billion as compared to $29.09 billion for the first six months of 2016. Average earning assets increased $1.53 billion, or 5.7%, in the first six months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016 and represented 93.7% of average total assets at June 30, 2017, as compared to 93.1% at June 30, 2016. The increase in average earning assets resulted from a $1.44 billion increase in average loans, net, and a $310.1 million increase in average taxable investment securities. These increases were partially offset by a $259.1 million decrease in interest bearing funds held at the Federal Reserve Bank. Average interest bearing liabilities increased $1.07 billion, or 5.6%, to $20.13 billion for the first six months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in interest bearing liabilities was driven by a $594.8 million increase in interest bearing demand deposits and a $545.3 million increase in money market deposit accounts. Average non-interest bearing demand deposits increased $365.6 million, or 5.3%, to $7.24 billion for the first six months of 2017 compared to the same period in 2016.

Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $491.0 million, an increase of $51.4 million, or 11.7%, compared to $439.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

The net interest margin was 3.46% for the six months ended June 30, 2017, an increase of 19 basis points from 3.27% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The yield on earning assets was 3.93%, up 20 basis points compared to the first six months of 2016 and the effective cost of funds increased 1 basis point to 0.47%. The yield on loans was 4.31%, an increase of 16 basis points from the six months ended June 30, 2016 and the yield on investment securities was 2.09%, an increase of 18 basis points from the six months ended June 30, 2016. Earning asset yields also benefited from a reduction of the average balance of lower yielding funds held at the Federal Reserve.

On a sequential quarter basis, net interest income increased by $11.2 million and the net interest margin increased by 9 basis points. The increase in net interest income was driven by a $236.9 million increase in average earning assets with a $319.6 million increase in average loans, net. This increase in loans was partially offset by a $80.6 million decrease in lower yielding funds held at the Federal Reserve. The increase in net interest income for the quarter was also driven by margin expansion. Additionally, the rate increases in December, March, and June favorably impacted net interest income and the net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2016 and the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the three months ended June 30, 2016. The yield on earning assets was 3.99%, up 26 basis points from the second quarter of 2016. The effective cost of funds was 0.48% for the second quarter 2017, up 2 basis points from the second quarter of 2016.

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Quarterly yields earned on average interest-earning assets and rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities for the five most recent quarters are presented below.



Average Balances, Interest, and Yields	2017						2016
(dollars in thousands) (yields and rates annualized)	Second Quarter			First Quarter			Fourth Quarter		Third Quarter		Second Quarter
Interest Earning Assets:
Taxable investment securities⁽¹⁾	$	3,844,688		3,841,556			3,643,510		3,544,933		3,529,030
Yield	2.11		%	2.06		%	1.92		1.83		1.89
Tax-exempt investment securities⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾	$	340		2,730			2,824		2,943		3,491
Yield (taxable equivalent) ⁽³⁾	6.87		%	5.81			5.82		5.96		6.08
Trading account assets	$	3,667		6,443			6,799		5,493		3,803
Yield	2.28		%	1.72			2.63		0.93		1.27
Commercial loans⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	$	19,137,733		19,043,384			18,812,659		18,419,484		18,433,638
Yield	4.27		%	4.16			4.05		4.03		4.04
Consumer loans⁽²⁾	$	5,215,258		4,992,683			4,911,149		4,720,082		4,497,147
Yield	4.49		%	4.40			4.27		4.30		4.32
Allowance for loan losses	$	(251,219	)	(253,927		)	(253,713	)	(255,675	)	(251,101	)
Loans, net ⁽²⁾	$	24,101,772		23,782,140			23,470,095		22,883,891		22,679,684
Yield	4.36		%	4.25			4.14		4.14		4.15
Mortgage loans held for sale	$	52,224		46,554			77,652		87,524		72,477
Yield	3.87		%	4.01			3.51		3.32		3.59
Federal funds sold, due from Federal Reserve Bank, and other short-term investments	$	561,503		654,322			982,355		998,565		907,614
Yield	1.00		%	0.77			0.49		0.48		0.47
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock⁽⁴⁾	$	177,323		170,844			121,079		70,570		77,571
Yield	2.99		%	3.42			3.75		4.99		5.15
Total interest earning assets	$	28,741,517		28,504,589			28,304,314		27,593,919		27,273,670
Yield	3.99		%	3.88			3.73		3.71		3.73
Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Interest bearing demand deposits	$	4,837,053		4,784,329			4,488,135		4,274,117		4,233,310
Rate	0.23		%	0.19			0.16		0.16		0.18
Money Market accounts, excluding brokered deposits	$	7,427,562		$	7,424,627		7,359,067		7,227,030		7,082,759
Rate	0.32		%	0.31			0.29		0.29		0.31
Savings deposits	$	805,019		909,660			908,725		797,961		746,225
Rate	0.04		%	0.11			0.12		0.07		0.06
Time deposits under $100,000	$	1,202,746		1,215,593			1,229,809		1,248,294		1,262,280
Rate	0.67		%	0.64			0.64		0.64		0.64
Time deposits over $100,000	$	2,040,924		2,029,713			2,014,564		2,030,242		2,016,116
Rate	0.94		%	0.92			0.90		0.88		0.89
Non-maturing brokered deposits	$	564,043		619,627			638,779		634,596		451,398
Rate	0.54		%	0.41			0.31		0.29		0.39
Brokered time deposits	$	815,515		761,159			742,153		775,143		885,603
Rate	0.94		%	0.92			0.90		0.88		0.85
Total interest bearing deposits	$	17,692,862		17,744,708			17,381,232		16,987,383		16,677,691
Rate	0.41		%	0.39			0.37		0.37		0.39
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	183,400		176,854			219,429		247,378		221,276
Rate	0.10		%	0.09			0.08		0.09		0.09
Long-term debt	$	2,270,452		2,184,072			2,190,716		2,114,193		2,279,043
Rate	2.83		%	2.83			2.65		2.71		2.55
Total interest bearing liabilities	$	20,146,714		20,105,634			19,791,377		19,348,954		19,178,010

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Rate	0.68		%	0.65	0.62	0.63		0.65	%
Non-interest bearing demand deposits	$	7,298,845		7,174,146	7,280,033	$	7,042,908	6,930,336
Effective cost of funds	0.48		%	0.46	0.44	0.44		0.46	%
Net interest margin	3.51		%	3.42	3.29	3.27		3.27	%
Taxable equivalent adjustment⁽³⁾	$	298		309	322	$	330	329

⁽¹⁾ Excludes net unrealized gains (losses).

⁽²⁾ Average loans are shown net of deferred fees and costs. Non-performing loans are included.

⁽³⁾Reflects taxable-equivalent adjustments, using the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%, in adjusting interest on tax-exempt loans and investment securities to a taxable-equivalent basis.

⁽⁴⁾Included as a component of Other Assets on the balance sheet.

Net Interest Income and Rate/Volume Analysis

The following tables set forth the major components of net interest income and the related annualized yields and rates for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, as well as the variances between the periods caused by changes in interest rates versus changes in volume.



Net Interest Income and Rate/Volume Analysis
	Six Months Ended June 30,												2017 Compared to 2016
	Average Balances					Interest			Annualized Yield/Rate				Change due to					Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2017			2016		2017		2016	2017		2016		Volume			Rate		Increase (Decrease)
Assets
Interest earning assets:
Taxable investment securities	$	3,843,131		3,533,080		$	40,069	33,579	2.09	%	1.90		$	2,921		3,569		$	6,490
Tax-exempt investment securities⁽²⁾	1,528			3,791		45		118	5.95		6.23		(70		)	(3	)	(73		)
Total investment securities	3,844,659			3,536,871		40,114		33,697	2.09		1.91		2,851			3,566		6,417
Trading account assets	5,047			4,510		49		34	1.93		1.49		4			11		15
Taxable loans, net⁽¹⁾	24,122,851			22,686,162		510,222		461,792	4.27		4.09		29,139			19,291		48,430
Tax-exempt loans, net⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	72,553			73,223		1,688		1,692	4.69		4.65		(15		)	11		(4		)
Allowance for loan losses	(252,565		)	(254,599	)
Loans, net	23,942,839			22,504,786		511,910		463,484	4.31		4.15		29,124			19,302		48,426
Mortgage loans held for sale	49,405			67,908		972		1,238	3.93		3.65		(335		)	69		(266		)
Federal funds sold, due from Federal Reserve Bank, and other short-term investments	607,656			896,777		2,684		2,129	0.88		0.48		(688		)	1,243		555
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	174,101			79,125		2,788		1,768	3.20		4.47		2,105			(1,085	)	1,020
Total interest earning assets	$	28,623,707		27,089,977		$	558,517	502,350	3.93	%	3.73		$	33,061		23,106		$	56,167
Cash and due from banks	396,305			405,564
Premises and equipment, net	414,810			441,197
Other real estate	21,723			41,586
Other assets⁽³⁾	1,080,397			1,111,448
Total assets	$	30,536,942		29,089,772

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	4,810,836		4,216,024		$	5,001	3,673	0.21	%	0.18	%	$	531		797		$	1,328
Money market accounts	8,017,785			7,472,471		12,857		11,852	0.32		0.32		865			140		1,005
Savings deposits	857,050			734,199		329		232	0.08		0.06		37			60		97
Time deposits	4,032,971			4,115,172		16,887		16,457	0.84		0.80		(326		)	756		430
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	180,145			199,599		84		96	0.09		0.09		(9		)	(3	)	(12		)
Long-term debt	2,227,501			2,320,508		31,728		29,763	2.83		2.57		(1,185		)	3,150		1,965
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	20,126,288		19,057,973		$	66,886	62,073	0.67		0.65		$	(87	)	4,900		$	4,813
Non-interest bearing deposits	7,236,840			6,871,279
Other liabilities	214,381			203,923
Shareholders' equity	2,959,433			2,956,597
Total liabilities and equity	$	30,536,942		29,089,772
Interest rate spread:									3.26		3.08
Net interest income - FTE/margin⁽⁴⁾						491,631		440,277	3.46	%	3.27		$	33,148		18,206		$	51,354
Taxable equivalent adjustment						607		634
Net interest income, actual						$	491,024	439,643

⁽¹⁾Average loans are shown net of unearned income. Non-performing loans are included. Interest income includes fees as follows: 2017 - $15.7 million, 2016 - $15.6 million.

⁽²⁾ Reflects taxable-equivalent adjustments, using the statutory federal income tax rate of 35%, in adjusting interest on tax-exempt loans and investment securities to a taxable-

equivalent basis.

⁽³⁾ Includes average net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available for sale of $(41.2) million and $28.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and

2016, respectively.

⁽⁴⁾ The net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income - FTE by average total interest earnings assets.

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Market Risk Analysis

Interest rate risk is the primary market risk to which Synovus is potentially exposed. Synovus measures its sensitivity to changes in market interest rates through the use of a simulation model. Synovus uses this simulation model to determine a baseline net interest income forecast and the sensitivity of this forecast to changes in interest rates. These simulations include all of Synovus’ earning assets and liabilities. Forecasted balance sheet changes, primarily reflecting loan and deposit growth forecasts, are included in the periods modeled. Anticipated deposit mix changes in each interest rate scenario are also included in the periods modeled.

Synovus has modeled its baseline net interest income forecast assuming a flat interest rate environment with the federal funds rate at the Federal Reserve’s current targeted range of 1.00% to 1.25% and the current prime rate of 4.25%. Synovus has modeled the impact of a gradual increase in short-term rates of 100 and 200 basis points and a decline of 25 basis points to determine the sensitivity of net interest income for the next twelve months. Synovus continues to maintain a modestly asset sensitive position which would be expected to benefit net interest income in a rising interest rate environment and reduce net interest income in a declining interest rate environment. The following table represents the estimated sensitivity of net interest income to these changes in short-term interest rates at June 30, 2017, with comparable information for December 31, 2016.



	Estimated % Change in Net Interest Income as Compared to Unchanged Rates (for the next twelve months)

Change in Short-term Interest Rates (in basis points)	June 30, 2017	December 31, 2016
+200	4.5%	4.6%
+100	2.8%	2.2%
Flat	—%	—%
-25	-1.3%	-2.3%

Several factors could serve to diminish or eliminate this asset sensitivity in a rising rate environment. These factors include a higher than projected level of deposit customer migration to higher cost deposits, such as certificates of deposit, which would increase total interest expense and serve to reduce the realized level of asset sensitivity. Another factor which could impact the realized interest rate sensitivity is the repricing behavior of interest bearing non-maturity deposits. Assumptions for repricing are expressed as a beta relative to the change in the prime rate. For instance, a 50% beta would correspond to a deposit rate that would increase 0.5% for every 1% increase in the prime rate. Projected betas for interest bearing non-maturity deposit repricing are a key component of determining the Company's interest rate risk positioning. Projected betas are based on historical analysis, current product features, and deposit mix. These projected betas reflect an assumption that realized betas will increase as short-term rates increase. Should realized betas be higher than projections, the expected benefit from higher interest rates would be diminished. The following table presents an example of the potential impact of an increase in repricing betas on Synovus' realized interest rate sensitivity position.



	As of June 30, 2017
Change in Short-term Interest Rates (in basis points)	Base Scenario	15% Increase in Average Repricing Beta
+200	4.5%	2.8%
+100	2.8%	1.9%

The net interest income simulation model is the primary tool utilized to evaluate potential interest rate risks over a shorter term time horizon. Synovus also evaluates potential longer term interest rate risk through modeling and evaluation of EVE. Simulation modeling is utilized to measure the economic value of equity and its sensitivity to immediate changes in interest rates. These simulations value only the current balance sheet and do not incorporate growth assumptions used in the net interest income simulation. The economic value of equity is the net fair value of assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet financial instruments derived from the present value of future cash flows discounted at current market interest rates. From this baseline valuation, Synovus evaluates changes in the value of each of these items in various interest rate scenarios to determine the net impact on the economic value of equity. Key assumptions utilized in the model, namely loan prepayments, investment security prepayments, deposit repricing betas, and non-maturity deposit duration have a significant impact on the results of the EVE simulations. As illustrated in the table below, the EVE model indicates that, compared with a valuation assuming stable rates, EVE is projected to increase by 1.4% and decrease by 0.9%, assuming an immediate and sustained increase in interest rates of 100 and 200 basis points, respectively. Assuming an immediate 25 basis point decline in rates, EVE is projected to decrease by 2.7%. These metrics reflect a moderation in long term asset sensitivity as compared to December 31, 2016. This moderation is primarily due to an increase in the duration of the investment portfolio, a slight increase in loan duration, and a decrease in wholesale funding duration.

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	Estimated Change in EVE
Immediate Change in Interest Rates (in basis points)	June 30, 2017	December 31, 2016
+200	-0.9%	2.8%
+100	1.4%	3.2%
-25	-2.7%	-3.3%

ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Several accounting standards will be effective in fiscal year 2018 or later. Synovus is currently evaluating the requirements of these new ASUs to determine the impact on the consolidated financial statements:


•	ASU 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs: Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities


•	ASU 2017-05, Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets


•	ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment


•	ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations-Clarifying the Definition of a Business


•	ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows-Restricted Cash


•	ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows-Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments


•	ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (CECL)


•	ASU 2016-02, Leases


•	ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities


•	ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The ASUs with the most significant impact on Synovus are ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (CECL), effective in 2020, followed by the ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, effective in 2018, and ASU 2016-02, Leases, effective in 2019.

ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (CECL). In June 2016, the FASB issued new accounting guidance related to credit losses. The new guidance replaces the existing incurred loss impairment guidance with a single expected credit loss methodology. The new guidance will require management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life of loans and other financial instruments. For Synovus, the standard will apply to loans, unfunded loan commitments, and debt securities available for sale. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted on January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, Synovus expects to record a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.

Synovus has begun its implementation efforts which are led by a cross-functional steering committee. The early focus of the committee has been on assessing the data, calculations, and disclosures required by the standard as the committee develops a project plan to address these and provide for the implementation of the new standard. Management expects that the allowance for loan losses will be higher under the new standard; however, management is still in the process of determining the magnitude of the increase and the impact on its financial statements and regulatory capital ratios. Additionally, the extent of the increase on the allowance for loan losses will depend upon the composition of the loan portfolio upon adoption of the standard, as well as economic conditions and forecasts at that time.

ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued new accounting guidance for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers, which is effective on January 1, 2018. ASU 2014-09 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The standard is intended to increase comparability across industries. The core principle of the revenue model is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers control of goods or services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

Synovus has completed the initial scoping exercise and determined that approximately 80% of non-interest income revenue streams are within the scope of ASU 2014-09. Non-interest income streams that are out of scope of the new standard include mortgage income, securities gains (losses), BOLI, gains on sales of GGL/SBA loans, and certain other smaller components within non-interest income. Management has also substantially completed its evaluation of service charges on deposit accounts (which

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represent approximately 30% of non-interest income) and has determined that changes in revenue recognition for those contracts (considered day-to-day contracts) are not expected to result in a material impact to Synovus upon adoption. Synovus is currently reviewing contracts related to card fees, investment management and trust fees, and insurance commissions and fees. While Synovus has not yet identified any material changes in the timing of revenue recognition, the review is ongoing, and management continues to evaluate the presentation of certain contract costs (whether presented gross or offset against non-interest revenue) for certain arrangements such as card interchange fees.

Extensive new disclosures will be required, including disaggregation of total revenue, information about performance obligations, information about key judgments and estimates and policy decisions regarding revenue recognition. Synovus expects to use the modified retrospective method of adoption.

ASU 2016-02, Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued its new standard on lease accounting. ASU 2016-02 introduces a lessee model that brings most leases on the balance sheet. Under the new standard, all lessees will recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases, including operating leases, with a lease term greater than 12 months. From a lessor perspective, the accounting model is largely unchanged. For Synovus, the impact of this ASU will predominately relate to its accounting and reporting of leases as a lessee. The new ASU will be effective for Synovus beginning January 1, 2019. A modified retrospective approach is required at adoption which requires all prior periods presented in the financial statements to be restated with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the earliest period presented. The standard also requires additional disclosures regarding leasing arrangements.

Synovus is currently evaluating the potential financial statement impact from the implementation of this standard by reviewing its existing lease contracts and other contracts that may include embedded leases. Synovus currently expects to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets (at their present value) related to substantially all of the $282 million of future minimum lease commitments as disclosed in Note 8 of Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K. However, the population of contracts requiring balance sheet recognition and their initial measurement continues to be under evaluation.

See "Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies" in this Report for a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards updates.

Critical Accounting Policies

The accounting and financial reporting policies of Synovus are in accordance with GAAP and conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities. Synovus has identified certain of its accounting policies as “critical accounting policies,” consisting of those related to the allowance for loan losses and determination of the fair value of financial instruments. In determining which accounting policies are critical in nature, Synovus has identified the policies that require significant judgment or involve complex estimates. It is management's practice to discuss critical accounting policies with the Board of Directors' Audit Committee, including the development, selection, implementation and disclosure of the critical accounting policies. The application of these policies has a significant impact on Synovus’ unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. Synovus’ financial results could differ significantly if different judgments or estimates are used in the application of these policies. All accounting policies described in "Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K should be reviewed for a greater understanding of how we record and report our financial performance. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, there have been no significant changes to Synovus’ critical accounting policies, estimates and assumptions, or the judgments affecting the application of these estimates and assumptions from those disclosed in Synovus' 2016 Form 10-K.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The measures entitled adjusted non-interest income; adjusted non-interest expense; adjusted efficiency ratio; average core deposits; average core transaction deposits; return on average tangible common equity; tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio; and common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio (fully phased-in) are not measures recognized under GAAP and therefore are considered non-GAAP financial measures. The most comparable GAAP measures to these measures are total non-interest income; total non-interest expense; efficiency ratio; total deposits; return on average common equity; the ratio of total shareholders' equity to total assets; and the CET1 ratio; respectively.

Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful additional information about Synovus to assist management and investors in evaluating Synovus’ operating results, financial strength, the performance of its business, and the strength of its capital position. However, these non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of operating results or capital position as reported under GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as additional views of the way our financial measures are affected by significant items and other factors, and since they are not required to be uniformly applied, they may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures at other companies. Adjusted non-interest income is a measure used by management to evaluate non-interest income exclusive of net investment securities gains/losses and changes in fair value of private equity investments, net. Adjusted non-interest expense and the adjusted efficiency ratio are measures utilized by management to measure the success of expense management initiatives focused on reducing recurring controllable operating costs. Average core deposits and average core transaction deposits are measures used by management to evaluate organic growth of deposits and the quality of deposits as a funding source. The return on average tangible common equity is a measure used by management to compare Synovus' performance with other financial institutions because it calculates the return available to common shareholders without the impact of intangible assets and their related amortization, thereby allowing management to evaluate the performance of the business consistently. The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio (fully phased-in) are used by management and bank regulators to assess the strength of our capital position. The computations of these measures are set forth in the tables below.



Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures	Six Months Ended					Three Months Ended				Year Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2017			June 30, 2016		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2016		December 31, 2016
Adjusted non-interest income
Total non-interest income	$	140,539		131,033		68,701		67,886		273,194
Subtract/add: Investment securities gains (losses), net	(7,667		)	(67	)	1		—		(6,011	)
Add/Subtract: Decrease (increase) in fair value of private equity investments, net	3,166			278		1,352		(113	)	1,026
Adjusted non-interest income	$	136,038		131,244		70,054		67,773		268,209

Adjusted non-interest expense
Total non-interest expense	$	389,133		376,844		191,747		188,611
Subtract: Restructuring charges, net	(6,524		)	(6,981	)	(13	)	(5,841	)
Subtract: Fair value adjustment to Visa derivative	—			(720	)	—		(360	)
Subtract: Litigation settlement expenses	—			(2,700	)	—		—
Subtract: Loss on early extinguishment of debt, net	—			(4,735	)	—		—
Subtract: Amortization of intangibles	(475		)	(121	)	(292	)	—
Subtract: Merger-related expense	(86		)	—		—		—
Adjusted non-interest expense	$	382,048		361,587		191,442		182,410

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures, continued	Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2017			June 30, 2016			June 30, 2017	June 30, 2016
Adjusted efficiency ratio
Adjusted non-interest expense	$	382,048		361,587			191,442	182,410
Net interest income	491,024			439,643			251,097	221,449
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment	607			634			298	329
Add: Total non-interest income	140,539			131,033			68,701	67,886
Subtract/add: Investment securities gains (losses), net	(7,667		)	(67		)	1	—
Total FTE revenues	624,503			571,243			320,097	289,664
Subtract/add: (Decrease) increase in fair value of private equity investments, net	3,166			278			1,352	(113	)
Total adjusted revenues	$	627,669		$	571,521		321,449	289,551
Efficiency ratio	62.31		%	65.97		%	59.90	65.11
Adjusted efficiency ratio	60.87			63.27			59.56	63.00

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures, continued
(dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2017				March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		June 30, 2016
Average core deposits and average core transaction deposits
Average total deposits	$	24,991,708		24,918,855	24,918,855		24,661,265		23,608,027
Subtract: Average brokered deposits	(1,379,559		)		(1,380,787	)	(1,380,931	)	(1,337,000	)
Average core deposits	23,612,149				23,538,068		23,280,334		22,271,027
Subtract: Average total SCM deposits	(2,051,646		)		(2,238,324	)	(2,356,567	)	(2,280,039	)
Subtract: Average time deposits excluding SCM deposits	(3,151,333		)		(3,151,888	)	(3,147,620	)	(3,141,621	)
Average core transaction deposits	$	18,409,170			18,147,856		17,776,147		16,849,367

Return on average tangible common equity
Total average shareholders' equity	$	2,975,049			2,943,643		2,912,687		2,946,697
Subtract: Average Series C Preferred Stock	(125,980		)		(125,980	)	(125,980	)	(125,980	)
Average common equity	2,849,069				2,817,663		2,786,707		2,820,717
Subtract: Average goodwill	(57,017		)		(59,649	)	(55,144	)	(24,431	)
Subtract: Average other intangible assets, net	(11,966		)		(13,177	)	(233	)	(250	)
Average tangible common equity	2,780,086				2,744,837		2,731,330		2,796,036
Net income available to common shareholders annualized	294,583				281,043		262,526		232,866
Add: Amortization of intangibles, annualized and after-tax	737				469		1,003		1
Adjusted net income available to common shareholders annualized	$	295,320			281,512		263,529		232,867
Return on average common equity	10.34		%		9.97		9.42		8.26
Return on average tangible common equity	10.62		%		10.26		9.65		8.33
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio
Total assets	$	30,687,966			30,679,589		30,104,002		29,459,691
Subtract: Goodwill	(57,092		)		(57,010	)	(59,678	)	(24,431	)
Subtract: Other intangible assets, net	(11,843		)		(12,137	)	(13,223	)	(228	)
Tangible assets	$	30,619,031			30,610,442		30,031,101		29,435,032
Total shareholders' equity	$	2,997,947			2,962,127		2,927,924		2,951,659
Subtract: Goodwill	(57,092		)		(57,010	)	(59,678	)	(24,431	)
Subtract: Other intangible assets, net	(11,843		)		(12,137	)	(13,223	)	(228	)
Subtract: Series C Preferred Stock, no par value	(125,980		)		(125,980	)	(125,980	)	(125,980	)
Tangible common equity	$	2,803,032			2,767,000		2,729,043		2,801,020
Total shareholders' equity to total assets ratio	9.77		%		9.66		9.73		10.02
Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio	9.15				9.04		9.09		9.52
Common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio (fully phased-in)
Common equity Tier 1 (CET1)	$	2,734,983
Subtract: Adjustment related to capital components	(31,623		)
CET1 (fully phased-in)	2,703,360
Total risk-weighted assets	27,282,003
Total risk-weighted assets (fully phased-in)	27,528,587
Common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio	10.02
Common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio (fully phased-in)	9.82

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ITEM 3. – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information presented in the Market Risk Analysis section of the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

In connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out by Synovus' management, with the participation of Synovus' Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of Synovus' disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Based on that evaluation, Synovus' Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2017, Synovus' disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

There have been no material changes in Synovus' internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Synovus' internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Synovus and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, Synovus and its subsidiaries are subject to regulatory examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. Synovus, like many other financial institutions, has been the target of legal actions and other proceedings asserting claims for damages and related relief for losses. These actions include mortgage loan and other loan put-back claims, claims and counterclaims asserted by individual borrowers related to their loans and allegations of violations of state and federal laws and regulations relating to banking practices, including putative class action matters. In addition to actual damages if Synovus does not prevail in such asserted legal actions, credit-related litigation could result in additional write-downs or charge-offs of assets, which could adversely affect Synovus' results of operations during the period in which the write-down or charge-off were to occur.

Based on Synovus' current knowledge and advice of counsel, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on Synovus' consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on Synovus' results of operations and financial condition for any particular period. For additional information, see "Note 13 - Legal Proceedings" of this Report, which Note is incorporated herein by this reference.

ITEM 1A. – RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in "Part I - Item IA - Risk Factors” of Synovus’ 2016 Form 10-K which could materially affect its business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or future results. Please be aware that these risks may change over time and other risks may prove to be important in the future. New risks may emerge at any time, and we cannot predict such risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or the trading price of our securities.

There were no material changes during the period covered by this Report to the risk factors previously disclosed in Synovus’ 2016 10-K.

ITEM 2. – UNREGISTERED SALES OF SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a) None.

(b) None.

Synovus' Board of Directors authorized a $200 million share repurchase program that will expire at the end of 2017. This program was announced on January 17, 2017. The table below sets forth information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the second quarter of 2017.



Share Repurchases	Total Number of Shares Repurchased	Average Price Paid per Share⁽¹⁾		Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
	Total Number of Shares Repurchased	Average Price Paid per Share⁽¹⁾
April 2017	—	$	—	—	$	184,856,772
May 2017	65,000	41.86		65,000	182,136,106
June 2017	653,200	42.04		653,200	154,673,133
Total	718,200	$	42.03	718,200

⁽¹⁾ The average price paid per share is calculated on a trade date basis for all open market transactions and excludes commissions and other transaction expenses.

The foregoing repurchases during the second quarter of 2017 were purchased through a combination of open market transactions and privately negotiated transactions, including under plans complying with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act.

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ITEM 3. – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. – OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6. – EXHIBITS




Exhibit Number			Description

3.1			Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Synovus, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Synovus’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010, as filed with the SEC on August 9, 2010.

3.2			Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Synovus with respect to the Series C Preferred Stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 25, 2013, as filed with the SEC on July 25, 2013.

3.3			Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Synovus, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 29, 2014, as filed with the SEC on April 29, 2014.

3.4			Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Synovus, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 19, 2014, as filed with the SEC on May 19, 2014.

3.5			Bylaws, as amended, of Synovus, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 8, 2010, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2010.

10.1			Amendment No. 1 to Third Amended and Restated Synovus Deferred Compensation Plan.

10.2			Framework Agreement, dated April 17, 2017, by and among Cabela's Incorporated, World's Foremost Bank, Synovus Bank, Capital One Bank (USA), National Association and, solely for purposes of the recitals thereto and Section 5.18, Section 8.2 and Article IX thereof, Capital One, National Association, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 17, 2017, as filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.*

10.3			Asset and Deposit Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2017, by and among Cabela's Incorporated, World's Foremost Bank and Synovus Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 17, 2017, as filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

10.4			Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2017, by and between Capital One Bank (USA), National Association and Synovus Bank, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to Synovus' Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 17, 207, as filed with the SEC on April 17, 2017.

12.1			Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.

31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32			Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101			Interactive Data File

			* Schedules have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. A copy of any omitted schedule will be furnished supplementally to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	SYNOVUS FINANCIAL CORP.

August 4, 2017	By:	/s/ Kevin S. Blair
Date		Kevin S. Blair
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)