Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-37888

Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware (State of incorporation)	46-5726437 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
228 Strawbridge Drive, Suite 100 Moorestown, NJ 08057 (Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)	(866) 648 - 2767 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class:	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	TRHC	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐

			Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2019, the Registrant had 22,205,013 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the period ended September 30, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
		Number

PART I	Financial Information	3
Item 1.	Financial Statements	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	7
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	51
PART II	Other Information	52
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	52
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	52
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	52
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	52
Item 5.	Other Information	52
Item 6.	Exhibits	53
Signatures		54

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	47,302	$	20,278
Restricted cash		3,767		4,751
Accounts receivable, net		30,984		27,950
Inventories		3,814		3,594
Prepaid expenses		3,175		2,573
Other current assets		7,643		4,165
Total current assets		96,685		63,311
Property and equipment, net		15,537		11,865
Operating lease right-of-use assets		22,140		—
Software development costs, net		15,830		8,248
Goodwill		150,790		108,213
Intangible assets, net		196,419		77,206
Deferred income tax assets		—		75
Note receivable		—		1,000
Other assets		1,332		1,039
Total assets	$	498,733	$	270,957
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt and finance leases, net	$	334	$	945
Current operating lease liabilities		4,214		—
Acquisition-related contingent consideration		—		43,397
Accounts payable		11,001		14,830
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		28,015		16,556
Total current liabilities		43,564		75,728
Line of credit		—		45,000
Long-term debt and finance leases, net		223,208		152
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		21,231		—
Long-term acquisition-related contingent consideration		11,500		7,800
Deferred income tax liability		14,371		—
Other long-term liabilities		93		3,268
Total liabilities		313,967		131,948

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)

Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 22,354,559 and 20,719,297 shares issued and 22,192,109 and 20,557,537 shares outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		2		2
Additional paid-in capital		280,739		209,330
Treasury stock, at cost; 162,450 and 161,760 shares at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		(3,865)		(3,825)
Accumulated deficit		(92,110)		(66,498)
Total stockholders’ equity		184,766		139,009
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	498,733	$	270,957

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	34,966	$	28,045	$	99,320	$	82,603
Service revenue		39,304		26,373		112,164		64,357
Total revenue		74,270		54,418		211,484		146,960
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below:
Product cost		25,931		21,100		74,267		62,007
Service cost		20,510		13,958		58,998		37,125
Total cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		46,441		35,058		133,265		99,132
Operating expenses:
Research and development		5,902		3,380		16,649		8,515
Sales and marketing		6,884		2,669		18,605		6,985
General and administrative		12,155		7,824		38,781		20,229
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense (income)		1,510		(8,419)		4,516		40,385
Depreciation and amortization		9,142		4,096		24,519		12,110
Total operating expenses		35,593		9,550		103,070		88,224
(Loss) income from operations		(7,764)		9,810		(24,851)		(40,396)
Interest expense, net		4,441		232		11,442		415
(Loss) income before income taxes		(12,205)		9,578		(36,293)		(40,811)
Income tax benefit		(4,101)		(838)		(10,681)		(4,107)
Net (loss) income	$	(8,104)	$	10,416	$	(25,612)	$	(36,704)
Net (loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(0.39)	$	0.54	$	(1.25)	$	(1.93)
Diluted	$	(0.39)	$	0.47	$	(1.25)	$	(1.93)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		20,691,112		19,217,623		20,520,357		18,989,334
Diluted		20,691,112		22,288,873		20,520,357		18,989,334

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands, except share amounts)


	Stockholders' Equity
	For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019	20,719,297	$	2	(161,760)	$	(3,825)	$	209,330	$	(66,498)	$	139,009
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition	149,053		—	—		—		9,504		—		9,504
Issuance of common stock awards	9,547		—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock	565,840		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	82,686		—	(690)		(40)		1,077		—		1,037
Issuance of common stock in connection with the settlement of acquisition-related contingent consideration	614,225		—	—		—		(609)		—		(609)
Conversion feature of convertible senior subordinated notes, net of allocated debt issuance costs, net of tax	—		—	—		—		74,049		—		74,049
Purchase of convertible note hedges	—		—	—		—		(101,660)		—		(101,660)
Sale of warrants in connection with convertible senior subordinated notes	—		—	—		—		65,910		—		65,910
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		6,852		—		6,852
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(10,979)		(10,979)
Balance, March 31, 2019	22,140,648		2	(162,450)		(3,865)		264,453		(77,477)		183,113
Issuance of common stock awards	30,101		—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock	23,562		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	49,916		—	—		—		499		—		499
Conversion feature of convertible senior subordinated notes, net of allocated debt issuance costs, tax effect	—		—	—		—		(47)		—		(47)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		6,906		—		6,906
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(6,529)		(6,529)
Balance, June 30, 2019	22,244,227		2	(162,450)		(3,865)		271,811		(84,006)		183,942
Issuance of common stock awards	13,867		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	96,465		—	—		—		967		—		967
Conversion feature of convertible senior subordinated notes, net of allocated debt issuance costs, tax effect	—		—	—		—		736		—		736
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		7,225		—		7,225
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(8,104)		(8,104)
Balance, September 30, 2019	22,354,559	$	2	(162,450)	$	(3,865)	$	280,739	$	(92,110)	$	184,766

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

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	Stockholders' Equity
	For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Common Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid-in Capital		Deficit		Equity
Balance, January 1, 2018	19,371,005	$	2	(73,466)	$	(959)	$	144,074	$	(19,229)	$	123,888
Common stock offering issuance costs	—		—	—		—		(2)		—		(2)
Issuance of restricted stock	395,254		—	—		—		—		—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	—		—	(2,474)		—		—		—		—
Shares repurchased	—		—	(80,000)		(2,866)		—		—		(2,866)
Exercise of stock options	374,904		—	—		—		902		—		902
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		1,945		—		1,945
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(18,094)		(18,094)
Balance, March 31, 2018	20,141,163		2	(155,940)		(3,825)		146,919		(37,323)		105,773
Issuance of restricted stock	23,365		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	216,989		—	—		—		1,253		—		1,253
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		2,180		—		2,180
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(29,026)		(29,026)
Balance, June 30, 2018	20,381,517		2	(155,940)		(3,825)		150,352		(66,349)		80,180
Common stock offering issuance costs	—		—	—		—		(7)		—		(7)
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition	45,561		—	—		—		3,595		—		3,595
Issuance of restricted stock	14,840		—	—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options	70,581		—	—		—		417		—		417
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—	—		—		2,996		—		2,996
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		10,416		10,416
Balance, September 30, 2018	20,512,499	$	2	(155,940)	$	(3,825)	$	157,353	$	(55,933)	$	97,597

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019		2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(25,612)	$	(36,704)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		24,519		12,110
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		7,689		66
Deferred taxes		(10,749)		(4,536)
Stock-based compensation		20,983		7,121
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration		4,516		40,385
Acquisition-related contingent consideration paid		(24,480)		—
Other noncash items		12		51
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net		(417)		(7,035)
Inventories		(220)		(818)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(2,626)		(4,915)
Other assets		(53)		267
Accounts payable		(5,787)		(5,163)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		5,474		8,421
Other long-term liabilities		(60)		(7)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(6,811)		9,243

Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(5,202)		(3,484)
Software development costs		(10,285)		(3,564)
Purchases of intangible assets		(1,202)		(29)
Proceeds from repayment of note receivable		1,000		—
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired		(158,762)		(21,981)
Net cash used in investing activities		(174,451)		(29,058)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for repurchase of common stock		—		(2,866)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		2,503		2,590
Payments for debt financing costs		(9,632)		(103)
Borrowings on line of credit		—		26,500
Repayments of line of credit		(45,000)		—
Payments of equity offering costs		—		(364)
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration		(29,062)		(1,646)
Repayments of long-term debt and finance leases		(757)		(779)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior subordinated notes		325,000		—
Proceeds from sale of warrants		65,910		—
Purchase of convertible note hedges		(101,660)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		207,302		23,332
Net increase in cash and restricted cash		26,040		3,517
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period		25,029		10,430
Cash and restricted cash, end of period	$	51,069	$	13,947

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Acquisition of equipment under capital leases	$	—	$	442
Additions to property, equipment, and software development purchases included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	803	$	390
Cash paid for interest	$	3,177	$	251
Cash paid for taxes	$	317	$	—
Interest costs capitalized to property and equipment and software development costs, net of depreciation and amortization	$	248	$	—
Stock issued in connection with acquisitions	$	9,504	$	3,595

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Nature of Business

Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. (“Company”) provides patient-specific, data-driven technology and solutions that enable healthcare organizations to optimize medication regimens to improve patient outcomes, reduce hospitalizations, lower healthcare costs and manage risk. The Company delivers its solutions through technology enabled products and services for medication risk management (“MRM”) and to support health plan management. The Company serves healthcare organizations that focus on populations with complex healthcare needs and extensive medication requirements. The Company’s cloud-based software solutions provide prescribers, pharmacists, pharmacies and healthcare organizations with sophisticated and innovative tools to better manage the medication-related needs of patients.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies are disclosed in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, which are included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2019 (“2018 Form 10-K”). Since the date of those audited consolidated financial statements, there have been no changes to the Company's significant accounting policies, including the status of recent accounting pronouncements, other than those detailed below.

(a) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments), necessary to present fairly the Company's interim consolidated financial position for the periods indicated. The interim results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the 2018 Form 10-K.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those related to: (i) the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for business combinations, (ii) the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities, (iii) the useful lives of long-lived assets (including definite-lived intangible assets), (iv) the evaluation of revenue recognition criteria, (v) assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation instruments, (vi) the realizability of long-lived assets including goodwill and intangible assets, (vii) the assumptions used to determine the fair value of right-of-use assets and liabilities for the Company’s leases, and (viii) the assumptions used to determine the fair value of convertible debt instruments and related equity-classified conversion option. These estimates are based on historical data and experience, as well as various other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company has engaged and may, in the future, engage third-party valuation specialists to assist with estimates related to the valuation of assets and liabilities acquired. Such estimates often require the selection of

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

appropriate valuation methodologies and models, and significant judgment in evaluating ranges of assumptions and financial inputs. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or circumstances.

The Company evaluates its contractual arrangements to determine the performance obligations and transaction prices. Revenue is allocated to each performance obligation and recognized when the related performance obligation is satisfied. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of revenue. See Note 3 for additional detail about the Company’s products and service lines.

(d) Cost of Product Revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Cost of product revenue includes all costs directly related to the fulfillment and distribution of prescription drugs as part of the Company’s MRM offerings. Costs consist primarily of the purchase price of the prescription drugs the Company dispenses, expenses to package, dispense and distribute prescription drugs, and expenses associated with the Company's prescription fulfillment centers, including employment costs and stock-based compensation, and expenses related to the hosting of the Company’s technology platforms. Such costs also include direct overhead expenses, as well as allocated miscellaneous overhead costs. The Company allocates miscellaneous overhead costs among functions based on employee headcount.

(e) Cost of Service Revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Cost of service revenue includes all costs directly related to servicing the Company’s MRM service contracts, which primarily consist of labor costs, outside contractors, data acquisition costs, technology services, hosting fees and overhead costs. In addition, service costs include all labor costs, including stock-based compensation expense, directly related to the health plan management and pharmacy cost management services and expenses for claims processing, technology services and overhead costs.

(f) Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under certain contractual agreements are recorded in restricted cash on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As part of the Company’s third party administrative services, which fall under the Company’s health plan management services, the Company holds funds on behalf of its clients. These amounts are recorded as restricted cash with an offsetting liability recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total cash and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows.


		September 30,
	2019		2018
Cash	$	47,302	$	13,080
Restricted cash		3,767		867
Total cash and restricted cash as presented in the consolidated statement of cash flows	$	51,069	$	13,947

(g) Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses inherent in its accounts receivable portfolio. In establishing the required allowance, management considers historical losses adjusted to take into account current market conditions and the Company’s clients’ financial condition, the amount of receivables in dispute and the current receivables aging and

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

current payment patterns. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $379 and $528 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(h) Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. As of January 1, 2019, operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, current operating lease liabilities, and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, current portion of long-term debt and finance leases, and long-term debt and finance leases in the consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated net present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable for most leases, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the net present value of lease payments. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate for each lease as of the measurement date with consideration of the risk-free rate for varying maturities corresponding to the remaining lease term, the risk premium attributed to the Company’s credit rating for a secured or collateralized instrument, and comparable borrowings of similarly-rated companies.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The lease expense for short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many leases include options to renew, with the exercise of lease renewal options at the Company’s sole discretion. The lease terms that include options to renew the lease require such renewal to be included when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such option. The depreciable life of finance lease assets and leasehold improvements is limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise.

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees. The Company has elected to include both lease and nonlease components as a single lease component for its operating leases.

(i) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) and, thereafter, has subsequently provided updates and improvements (as so updated and improved, “ASU 2016-02”). The new standard establishes a ROU model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases are classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2016-02 was effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”), which provided an additional modified transition method by which entities may elect to initially apply the transition requirements in ASU 2016-02 at the effective date with the effects of initial application recognized as a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption, and without retrospective application to any comparative prior periods presented. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 using the modified transition method permitted by ASU 2018-11.

The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which permits the Company to carry forward its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs, but did not elect the hindsight practical expedient. ROU assets and liabilities for the Company’ existing leases were recognized on January 1, 2019 based on the estimated net present value of lease payments over the remaining lease term. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 resulted in the recording of lease assets and lease liabilities of $18,469 and $21,173, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The standard had no impact on the Company’s opening balance of retained earnings, consolidated net operations or cash flows. See Note 7 for additional information on the Company’s leases.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, and thereafter, has subsequently provided updates and improvements (as so updated and improved, “ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires entities to estimate expected lifetime credit losses on financial assets including (1) loans, accounts receivable, trade receivables, and other financial assets measured at amortized cost, (2) loan commitments and certain other off-balance-sheet credit exposures, (3) debt securities and other financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, and (4) beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. ASU 2016-13 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure an impairment charge. Instead, entities will be required to record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying value over its fair value. ASU 2017-04 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2017-04 will not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 updates the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalization of implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license. ASU 2018-15 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this standard on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue

The Company provides technology-enabled solutions tailored toward the specific needs of the healthcare organizations that it serves. These solutions can be integrated or provided on a standalone basis. Contracts generally have a term of one to five years and in some cases automatically renew at the end of the initial term. In most cases, clients may terminate their contracts with a notice period ranging from 0 to 180 days without cause, thereby limiting the term in which the Company has enforceable rights and obligations. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected in exchange for the goods or services. The Company uses the practical expedient not to account for significant financing components because the period between recognition and collection does not exceed one year for most of the Company’s contracts.

Product Revenue

MRM prescription fulfillment services. The Company has a stand ready obligation to provide prescription fulfillment pharmacy services, including dispensing and delivery of an unknown mix and quantity of medications, directly to healthcare organizations. Revenue from MRM prescription fulfillment services is generally recognized when medications are delivered and control has passed to the client and is generally billed monthly. At the time of delivery, the Company has performed substantially all of its performance obligations under its client contracts and does not experience a significant level of returns or reshipments.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Service Revenue

MRM services. The Company provides an array of MRM services. These services include identification of high risk individuals, patient engagement, medication regimen reviews, and software for pharmacists to track clinical interventions regarding optimizing medication therapy, including dosing, and methodologies to increase adherence. Revenue related to these performance obligations primarily consists of per member per month fees, monthly subscription fees, and per comprehensive medication review fees. MRM per member per month fees and monthly subscription fees are recognized based on their relative stand-alone selling prices as the services are provided. Additionally, certain of the Company’s MRM service contracts include a performance guarantee based on the number of comprehensive medication reviews completed and guarantees by the Company for specific service level performance. For these contracts, revenue is recognized as comprehensive medication reviews are completed at their relative stand-alone selling price which is estimated based on the Company’s assessment of the total transaction price under each contract. The stand-alone selling price and amount of variable consideration recognized are adjusted as necessary at the end of each reporting period. If client performance guarantees are not being realized, the Company records, as a reduction to revenue, an estimate of the amount that will be due at the end of the respective client’s contractual period. Fees for these services are generally billed monthly.

Health plan management services. The Company has a stand ready obligation to provide risk adjustment services, electronic health records solutions, and third party administration services, which the Company collectively refers to as health plan management services. The performance obligations are a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer. Revenue related to these performance obligations primarily consists of setup fees, per member per month fees, and in certain contracts a gain-share component. Revenue from these contracts is recognized monthly as the health plan management services are provided. The revenue includes the contractual per member per month rate and an estimated gain earned during each reporting period. Fees for these services are generally billed monthly. Set-up fees related to health plan management contracts represent an upfront fee from the client to compensate the Company for its efforts to prepare the client and configure its system for the data collection process. Set-up activities that do not have value apart from the broader health plan management services provided to the client and that do not represent a separate performance obligation are recognized over the contract term as services are provided. Set-up activities that have value apart from the services provided to the client represent a separate performance obligation and as such, are recognized as performed.

Pharmacy cost management services. The Company has a stand ready obligation to provide monthly pharmacy cost management services which include adjudication, pricing validation, utilization analysis and pharmacy transaction review services. The performance obligation is a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer. Revenue related to this performance obligation primarily consists of subscription fees based on a monthly flat fee or as a percentage of monthly transactions incurred and revenue generated from drug manufacturers for the sale of drug utilization data. Revenue from these services is recognized monthly as the pharmacy cost management services are provided at the contractual subscription fee rate and when the data is submitted to the drug manufacturers based on the estimated fair value of the data. The drug utilization fees recognized are estimated using historical data, and are adjusted as necessary to reflect new information. Drug utilization data is generally submitted monthly and fees from the sale of drug utilization data are collected 180 days after submission.

Disaggregation of revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by major service line. The Company manages its operations and allocates its resources as a single reportable segment. The Company's MRM and health plan management clients consist primarily of healthcare payors, providers, and pharmacies. The Company’s pharmacy cost management clients consist primarily of post-acute care facilities. Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is recognized in the United States (“U.S.”) and substantially all of the Company’s assets are located in the U.S.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
		2019		2018		2019		2018
Major service lines:
MRM prescription fulfillment services	$	34,966	$	28,045	$	99,320	$	82,603
MRM services		25,810		15,467		75,010		45,821
Health plan management services		8,905		5,383		27,205		10,220
Pharmacy cost management services		4,557		5,412		9,803		8,073
Other services		32		111		146		243
	$	74,270	$	54,418	$	211,484	$	146,960

Contract balances

Assets and liabilities related to the Company’s contracts are reported on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The following table provides information about the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with clients as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.


	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Contract assets	$	6,168	$	3,075
Contract liabilities		4,667		1,733

Contract assets as of September 30, 2019 consisted of $4,267 related to data analytics contract assets, $984 related to consideration for performance obligations completed related to MRM service contracts but which the Company does not have an unconditional right to the consideration, and $917 related to the gain-share component of completed health plan management services contracts. Contract assets as of December 31, 2018 consisted of $2,913 related to data analytics contract assets and $162 related to the gain-share component of completed health plan management services contracts. Contract assets are included in other current assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights to the additional consideration becomes unconditional.

The contract liabilities as of September 30, 2019 consisted of $1,735 related to acquired performance obligations for software services contracts associated with the Company’s acquisitions of DoseMe and PrescribeWellness in the first quarter of 2019 (see Note 5), $1,395 related to advanced billings for prescription medications not yet fulfilled or dispensed, $765 related to performance obligations with respect to software maintenance contracts for electronic health records solutions, $602 related to advanced payments received for service obligations on MRM performance guaranteed contracts, and $170 related to unamortized setup fees on health plan management contracts. The contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018 consisted of $858 related to advanced billings for prescription medications not yet fulfilled or dispensed, $730 related to performance obligations with respect to software maintenance contracts for electronic health records solutions, and $145 related to unamortized setup fees on health plan management contracts.

Contract liabilities are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and in other long-term liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company anticipates that it will satisfy most of its performance obligations associated with its contract liabilities within a year.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:


	September 30,
	2019
Contract assets:
Contract assets, beginning of period	$	3,075
Decreases due to cash received		(5,499)
Changes to the contract assets at the beginning of the year as a result of changes in estimates		1,547
Increases, net of reclassifications to receivables		7,045
Contract assets, end of period	$	6,168

Contract liabilities:
Contract liabilities, beginning of period	$	1,733
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities balance at the beginning of the period		(1,497)
Increases due to cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period		2,910
Increases due to business combinations, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period		1,521
Contract liabilities, end of period	$	4,667

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized $1,278 of revenue that was included in the December 31, 2017 contract liability balance of $1,350.

4. Net (Loss) Income per Share

Basic net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock of the Company outstanding during the period. Diluted net (loss ) income per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period plus the impact of dilutive securities, to the extent that they are not anti-dilutive.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share for the Company’s common stock:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator (basic and diluted):
Net (loss) income	$	(8,104)	$	10,416	$	(25,612)	$	(36,704)
Denominator (basic):
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, basic		20,691,112		19,217,623		20,520,357		18,989,334
Denominator (diluted):
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding		20,691,112		19,217,623		20,520,357		18,989,334
Effect of potential dilutive securities:
Weighted average dilutive effect of stock options		—		1,898,543		—		—
Weighted average dilutive effect of restricted shares		—		898,821		—		—
Weighted average dilutive effect of contingently issuable shares		—		273,886		—		—
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted		20,691,112		22,288,873		20,520,357		18,989,334
Net (loss) income per share, basic	$	(0.39)	$	0.54	$	(1.25)	$	(1.93)
Net (loss) income per share, diluted	$	(0.39)	$	0.47	$	(1.25)	$	(1.93)

The following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and 2018, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect.



	September 30,
	2019	2018
Stock options to purchase common stock	2,840,849	2,566,855
Unvested restricted stock	1,330,088	1,063,681
Common stock warrants	4,646,393	—
Contingently issuable shares	20,000	142,679
	8,837,330	3,773,215

Shares of common stock associated with the potential conversion of the Company’s convertible senior subordinated notes have been excluded in the table above.

5. Acquisitions

2019 Acquisitions

PrescribeWellness

On March 5, 2019, the Company entered into, and consummated the transactions contemplated by, a Merger Agreement (“Merger Agreement”) with Prescribe Wellness, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company (“PrescribeWellness”) and Fortis Advisors LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, solely in its capacity as the initial Holder Representative. PrescribeWellness is a leading cloud-based patient engagement solutions company that facilitates collaboration between more than 10,000 pharmacies with patients, payers, providers, and pharmaceutical companies. The Company paid $150,000 in cash consideration upon closing, subject to certain customary adjustments as set forth in the Merger Agreement. A portion of the closing consideration is being held in escrow to secure potential claims for indemnification under the Merger Agreement and in respect of adjustments to the consideration under the Merger Agreement.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

In connection with the acquisition of PrescribeWellness, the Company incurred direct acquisition costs of $11 and $3,241 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which were recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The fair value of the acquisition consideration, net of post-closing adjustments, was $148,626 paid in cash.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price based on the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition.


Accounts receivable	$	2,608
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,345
Property and equipment		1,155
Operating lease right-of-use-assets		1,467
Trade name		4,100
Developed technology		20,000
Patient database		21,700
Client relationships		74,100
Goodwill		30,714
Total assets acquired	$	157,189

Operating lease liabilities		(1,467)
Trade accounts payable		(1,633)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(5,463)
Total purchase price	$	148,626

The purchase price was allocated to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their acquisition-date estimated fair values. The identifiable intangible assets principally included a trade name, developed technology, patient database, and client relationships, all of which are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis and are being amortized over a weighted average of 5, 10, 5, and 14 years, respectively. The weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets as of the date of acquisition is 11.4 years.

The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, assessed the fair value of the assets of PrescribeWellness. The fair value of the trade name and developed technology was estimated using the relief from royalty method. The Company derived the hypothetical royalty income from the projected revenues of PrescribeWellness. The fair value of client relationships was estimated using a multi period excess earnings method. To calculate fair value, the Company used cash flows discounted at a rate considered appropriate given the inherent risks associated with each client grouping. The fair value of the patient database was estimated using a cost to replace method.

The useful lives of the intangible assets were estimated based on the expected future economic benefit of the assets and are being amortized over the estimated useful life in proportion to the economic benefits consumed using the straight-line method.

The amortization of intangible assets is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

The Company believes the goodwill related to the acquisition of PrescribeWellness resulted from the establishment of new market opportunities while at the same time expanding its service offering to its existing customer base. The goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.

Revenue from PrescribeWellness is primarily comprised of subscription fees for its cloud-based patient engagement solutions. Revenue for these services, and the related costs, is recognized each month as performance obligations are satisfied and costs are incurred, and is included in service revenue and cost of revenue – service cost, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, service revenue of $8,271 and $18,381, respectively, from PrescribeWellness was included in the

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Service revenue was recorded net of a reduction of $463 and $1,210 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, due to the purchase accounting effects of recording deferred revenue at fair value. Net loss of $3,033 and $6,829, which includes amortization of $3,113 and $7,264 associated with acquired intangible assets, from PrescribeWellness was included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

The Company continues to evaluate the fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed related to the acquisition. Additional information, which existed as of the acquisition date, but was at that time unknown to the Company, may become known during the remainder of the measurement period. Changes to amounts recorded as a result of the final determination may result in a corresponding adjustment to these assets and liabilities, including goodwill. The determination of the estimated fair values of all assets acquired is expected to be completed within one year from the date of acquisition

DoseMe

On January 2, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding share capital and options to purchase the share capital of DoseMe Holdings Pty Ltd, a proprietary company limited by shares organized under the Laws of Australia (“DoseMe”). DoseMe is the developer of DoseMeRx, an advanced precision dosing tool to help physicians and pharmacists accurately dose patients’ high-risk parenteral (intravenous) medications based on individual needs. The acquisition was made pursuant to a Share Purchase Deed, made and entered into as of November 30, 2018. The consideration for the acquisition was comprised of (i) cash consideration of up to $10,000 paid at closing, subject to certain customary post-closing adjustments as set forth in the Share Purchase Deed, (ii) the issuance of 149,053 shares of the Company’s common stock, and (iii) the potential for a contingent earn out payment of up to $10,000, based on the financial performance of DoseMe. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company elected to accelerate the final payment of the contingent earn out payment and paid $8,750 in cash in full satisfaction of the contingent purchase price consideration. A portion of the cash consideration paid at closing is being held in escrow to secure potential claims by the Company for indemnification under the agreement and in respect of adjustments to the purchase price.

In connection with the acquisition of DoseMe, the Company incurred direct acquisition costs of $104 during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, which were recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. No direct acquisition costs were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

The following table summarizes the purchase price consideration based on the estimated acquisition-date fair value of the acquisition consideration.


Cash consideration at closing, net of post-closing adjustments	$	10,136
Stock consideration at closing		9,504
Estimated fair value of contingent consideration		8,720
Total fair value of acquisition consideration	$	28,360

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price based on the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:


Accounts receivable	$	9
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		110
Trade name		89
Developed technology		16,200
Non-competition agreements		500
Goodwill		11,831
Total assets acquired	$	28,739

Trade accounts payable		(17)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(362)
Total purchase price, including contingent consideration of $8,720	$	28,360

The purchase price was allocated to the tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their acquisition-date estimated fair values. The identifiable intangible assets principally included a trade name, developed technology and non-competition agreements, all of which are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis and are being amortized over a weighted average of 4, 7.5 and 5 years, respectively. The weighted average amortization period for acquired intangible assets as of the date of acquisition is 7.4 years.

The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, assessed the fair value of the assets of DoseMe. The fair value of the trade name was estimated using the relief from royalty method. The Company derived the hypothetical royalty income from the projected revenues of DoseMe. The fair value of the developed technology was estimated using a multi period excess earnings method. To calculate fair value, the Company used cash flows discounted at a rate considered appropriate given the inherent risks associated with the economic return on contributory assets and estimated revenues generated. The fair value of the non-competition agreements was estimated using the discounted earnings method by estimating the potential loss of earnings absent the non-competition agreements, assuming the covenantor competes at different time periods during the life of the agreements. See Note 16 for additional discussion of the fair value assessment of the acquisition-related contingent consideration.

The amortization of intangible assets is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

The Company believes the goodwill related to the acquisition of DoseMe resulted from gaining a complementary capability that, when combined with the Company’s existing platform, will create significant market opportunity. The goodwill is deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.

Revenue from DoseMe is primarily comprised of subscription and license fees for use of DoseMe’s advanced precision dosing software tool. Revenue for these services, and the related costs, is recognized each month as performance obligations are satisfied and costs are incurred, and is included in service revenue and cost of revenue – service cost, respectively, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, service revenue of $88 and $226, respectively, from DoseMe was included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Net loss of $1,531 and $3,526, which includes amortization of $571 and $1,712 associated with acquired intangible assets, from DoseMe was included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

result of the final determination may result in a corresponding adjustment to these assets and liabilities, including goodwill. The determination of the estimated fair values of all assets acquired is expected to be completed within one year from the date of acquisition.

Pro forma

The unaudited pro forma results presented below include the results of the aforementioned acquisitions as if the PrescribeWellness and DoseMe acquisitions had been consummated as of January 1, 2018. The unaudited pro forma results presented below also include the results of the 2018 acquisitions of Cognify Inc. (“Cognify), Mediture LLC and eClusive L.L.C (collectively, “Mediture”), and Peak PACE Solutions, LLC (“Peak PACE”) as if these acquisitions had been consummated as of January 1, 2017. The unaudited pro forma results include the amortization associated with acquired intangible assets, interest expense on the debt incurred to fund these acquisitions, insurance expense for additional required business insurance coverage, stock compensation expense related to equity awards granted to employees of the acquired companies, adjustments to revenue for the purchase accounting effects of recording deferred revenue at fair value, and the estimated tax effect of adjustments to income (loss) before income taxes. Material nonrecurring charges, including direct acquisition costs, directly attributable to the transactions are excluded. In addition, the unaudited pro forma results do not include any expected benefits of the acquisitions. Accordingly, the unaudited pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of either future results of operations or results that might have been achieved had the acquisitions been consummated as of January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2017.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	74,270	$	65,501	$	217,231	$	184,286
Net (loss) income		(8,104)		4,472		(26,200)		(52,361)

6. Property and Equipment

Depreciation expense on property and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $1,083 and $851, respectively. Depreciation expense on property and equipment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $3,180 and $2,566, respectively.

7. Leases

The Company has entered into various operating and finance leases for office space and equipment. The operating leases expire on various dates through 2030, and certain of such leases also contain renewal options and escalation clauses. In addition to the base rent payments, the Company will be obligated to pay a pro rata share of operating expenses and taxes.

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Operating lease cost	$	1,364	$	817	$	3,796	$	2,248

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased assets		116		254		525		842
Interest on lease liabilities		16		27		43		97
Total finance lease cost		132		281		568		939
Total lease cost	$	1,496	$	1,098	$	4,364	$	3,187

Operating lease cost includes short-term lease payments and variable lease payments, which are immaterial.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:


	September 30, 2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	22,140

Current operating lease liabilities	$	4,214
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		21,231
Total operating lease liabilities	$	25,445

Finance leases:
Property and equipment	$	3,477
Accumulated amortization		(2,925)
Property and equipment, net	$	552

Current obligations of finance leases	$	334
Finance leases, net of current obligations		6
Total finance lease liabilities	$	340

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases		8.6
Finance leases		0.5

Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		4.43	%
Finance leases		6.06	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows for operating leases	$	3,010
Operating cash flows for finance leases		38
Financing cash flows for finance leases		757

Leased assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities:
Operating leases*	$	4,926
Finance leases		—

*Excludes operating lease assets acquired in connection with the acquisitions of DoseMe and PrescribeWellness.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Maturities of lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:


	Operating leases		Finance leases
2019	$	1,093	$	192
2020		4,451		150
2021		3,989		4
2022		3,489		—
2023		3,267		—
Thereafter		15,365		—
Total minimum lease payments		31,654		346
Less imputed interest		(6,209)		(6)
Present value of lease liabilities		25,445		340
Less current portion		(4,214)		(334)
Total long-term lease liabilities	$	21,231	$	6

As of September 30, 2019, the Company has additional operating lease commitments that have not yet commenced of approximately $3,104 for two office spaces in Tucson, Arizona, which are expected to be occupied in January 2020 and have lease terms of six to seven years from the occupancy date.

As previously disclosed in the 2018 Form 10-K and under the previous lease accounting standard, future minimum lease payments for operating and finance leases having initial or remaining cancellable lease terms in excess of one year would have been as follows as of December 31, 2018:


	Payments due by period
			Less						More
			than 1						than 5
	Total		year		1-3 years		3-5 years		years
Capital leases	$	1,141	$	987	$	154	$	—	$	—
Operating leases		32,367		3,793		7,183		6,114		15,277
Total	$	33,508	$	4,780	$	7,337	$	6,114	$	15,277

8. Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred in connection with obtaining or developing its proprietary software platforms, which are used to support its service contracts, including external direct costs of material and services, payroll costs for employees directly involved with the software development, and interest expense related to borrowings attributable to software development. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, capitalized software costs consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Software development costs	$	25,521	$	15,278
Less: accumulated amortization		(9,691)		(7,030)
Software development costs, net	$	15,830	$	8,248

Capitalized software development costs included above not yet subject to amortization	$	4,236	$	3,500

Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $1,132 and $464, respectively. Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $2,661 and $1,594, respectively.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

9. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company’s goodwill and related changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are as follows:


Balance at January 1, 2019	$	108,213
Goodwill from 2019 acquisitions		42,545
Adjustments to goodwill related to prior year acquisitions		32
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	150,790

Management has not identified any triggering events during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	Weighted Average
	Amortization Period			Accumulated		Intangible
	(in years)	Gross Value		Amortization		Assets, net
September 30, 2019
Trade names	7.0	$	11,625	$	(3,687)	$	7,938
Client relationships	12.2		128,169		(18,202)		109,967
Non-competition agreements	5.0		7,254		(2,941)		4,313
Developed technology	8.0		68,593		(13,606)		54,987
Patient database	5.0		21,700		(2,532)		19,168
Domain name	10.0		59		(13)		46
Total intangible assets		$	237,400	$	(40,981)	$	196,419


	Weighted Average
	Amortization Period			Accumulated		Intangible
	(in years)	Gross Value		Amortization		Assets, net
December 31, 2018
Trade names	8.0	$	7,436	$	(2,357)	$	5,079
Client relationships	9.6		54,069		(10,757)		43,312
Non-competition agreements	5.0		6,754		(1,885)		4,869
Developed technology	7.2		31,191		(7,296)		23,895
Domain name	10.0		59		(8)		51
Total intangible assets		$	99,509	$	(22,303)	$	77,206

Amortization expense for intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $6,927 and $2,782, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $18,678 and $7,949, respectively.

The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:


Years Ending December 31,
2019 (October 1 - December 31)	$	6,931
2020		27,331
2021		27,214
2022		26,123
2023		24,913
Thereafter		83,907
Total estimated amortization expense	$	196,419

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

10. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Employee related expenses	$	14,900	$	6,357
Contract liability		4,574		1,580
Client funds obligations*		3,767		4,751
Contract labor		798		1,563
Interest		713		121
Deferred rent		—		134
Professional fees		837		442
Royalties expense		34		588
Other expenses		2,392		1,020
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	28,015	$	16,556

*This amount represents clients’ funds held by the Company, with an offsetting amount included in restricted cash.

11. Lines of Credit and Long-Term Debt

(a) Lines of Credit

On September 6, 2017, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (as subsequently amended from time to time, the “Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit”), whereby the Company amended and restated its revolving line of credit originally entered into with Bridge Bank (now Western Alliance Bank) in 2015. The Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit provides for borrowing availability in an aggregate amount up to $60,000 to be used for general corporate purposes, with a $1,000 sublimit for cash management services, letters of credit and foreign exchange transactions. The Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit matures on September 6, 2020.

Interest on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit is calculated at a variable rate based upon Western Alliance Bank's prime rate plus an applicable margin which will range from (0.25%) to 0.25% depending on the Company’s leverage ratio, with Western Alliance Bank's prime rate having a floor of 3.5%. Financial covenants under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit require that the Company (i) maintain an unrestricted cash and unused availability balance under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit of at least $1,500 at all times (the liquidity covenant), (ii) maintain a leverage ratio of less than 2.50:1.00, on a trailing twelve-month basis starting with the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2017, measured quarterly, and (iii) maintain a minimum quarterly earnings before interest, tax depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) of at least 75% of the plan approved by the Company’s Board of Directors (“Board”). In addition, the Company may not contract to make capital expenditures, excluding capitalized software development costs and tenant leasehold improvements, greater than $5,000 in any fiscal year without the consent of Western Alliance Bank. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit, and management expects that the Company will be able to maintain compliance with its covenants.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company has an outstanding letter of credit of $300 issued pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit in connection with the Company’s lease agreement for its office space in Moorestown, NJ. The letter of credit renews annually and expires in September 2027 and reduces amounts available under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

As of September 30, 2019, there were no amounts outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit. As of December 31, 2018, $45,000 was outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit. Amounts available for borrowings under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit were $59,700 as of September 30, 2019.

As of September 30, 2019, the interest rate on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit was 5.58% and interest expense was $351 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. No interest expense was incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as there were no aggregate borrowings outstanding related to the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit for the three months ended September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2018, the interest rate on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit was 5.32%, and interest expense was $185 and $252 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. In connection with the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit (and all predecessor agreements prior to the amendment or the amendment and restatement thereof), the Company recorded deferred financing costs of $643. The Company is amortizing the deferred financing costs to interest expense using the effective-interest method over the term of the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit and amortized $74 and $183 to interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $25 and $66 to interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

(b) Convertible senior subordinated notes

On February 12, 2019, the Company issued and sold an aggregate principal amount of $325,000 of 1.75% convertible senior subordinated notes (“2026 Notes”) in a private placement pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2019. The notes will mature on February 15, 2026, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The initial conversion rate for the notes is 14.2966 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1 principal amount of notes. This conversion rate is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $69.95 per share of the Company’s common stock. Net proceeds from the 2026 Notes were used to pay the cost of convertible note hedge transactions (described below), repay amounts outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit, fund the PrescribeWellness acquisition (as described in Note 5), fund the payment of the acquisition-related contingent consideration for SinfoníaRx (“SRx”), and for general corporate purposes.

Holders may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding August 15, 2025 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after March 31, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes) per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, including certain distributions, the occurrence of a fundamental change or make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Notes) or a transaction resulting in the Company’s common stock converting into other securities or property or assets. On or after August 15, 2025 until the close of business on the first scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, a holder may convert all or any portion of its 2026 Notes regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, shares of our common stock, cash or a combination thereof at the Company’s option. As of September 30, 2019, none of the conditions allowing holders of the 2026 Notes to convert had been met.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2026 Notes, the Company separated the 2026 Notes into liability and equity components. With the assistance of a third party valuation specialist, the carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by utilizing a discounted cash flow model of the contractual cash flows that were discounted

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

at a risk-adjusted interest rate in order to estimate the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $102,900 and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2026 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The initial associated deferred tax effect of $25,884 was recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital because the equity component is not currently expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate over the contractual term of the 2026 Notes was 8.05%.

Debt issuance costs related to the 2026 Notes are comprised of discounts and commissions payable to the initial purchasers of $8,937 and third party offering costs of $435. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2026 Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $6,405 and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $4,449 of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes, of which $1,437 was accrued and $3,012 was non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recognized $11,108 of interest expense related to the 2026 Notes, of which $3,602 was accrued and $7,506 was non-cash accretion of the debt discounts recorded. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company made a $2,891 interest payment on the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes have been, and will be, classified as long-term debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets until such Notes are within one year of maturity. The 2026 Notes have a carrying value of $223,202 as of September 30, 2019. Accrued interest payable on the 2026 Notes of $711 as of September 30, 2019 is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions with affiliates of certain of the initial purchasers (the “option counterparties”) of the 2026 Notes pursuant to the terms of call option confirmations. The Company has the option to purchase a total of 4,646,393 shares of its common stock at a price of approximately $69.95 per share. The total premiums paid for the note hedges were $101,660. The Company also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties whereby they have the option to purchase 4,646,393 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $105.58 per share. The Company received $65,910 in cash proceeds from the sale of the warrants. As these instruments are considered indexed to the Company's own stock and are considered equity classified, the convertible note hedges and warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period. The net costs incurred in connection with the convertible note hedge and warrant transactions were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon conversion of the 2026 Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2026 Notes, as the case may be. The warrant transactions could separately have a dilutive effect on the Company’s common stock to the extent that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the strike price of the warrants.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(d) Long-term debt

The following table represents the total long-term debt obligations of the Company at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:


	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Convertible senior subordinated notes	$	325,000	$	—
Unamortized discount, including debt issuance costs, on convertible senior subordinated notes		(101,798)		—
Convertible senior subordinated notes, net		223,202		—
Finance leases		340		1,097
Total long-term debt and finance leases, net		223,542		1,097
Less current portion, net		(334)		(945)
Total long-term debt and finance leases, less current portion, net	$	223,208	$	152

(e) Other Financing

In May 2016, the Company signed a prime vendor agreement with AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation (“AmerisourceBergen”), which was effective March 2016 and required a monthly minimum purchase obligation of approximately $1,750. This agreement was amended and restated effective May 1, 2016 with a three-year term. The agreement was not renewed upon expiration in April 2019, but the Company continues to purchase from AmerisourceBergen from time-to-time on a purchase order basis. Pursuant to the terms of a security agreement entered into in connection with the prime vendor agreement, which still remains in place, AmerisourceBergen also holds a subordinated security interest in all of the Company’s assets.

On March 29, 2019, the Company entered into an Affiliated Pharmacy Agreement and Pharmaceutical Program Supply Agreement with Thrifty Drug Stores, Inc. (“Thrifty Drug Agreements”) to replace the prime vendor agreement with AmerisourceBergen. Pursuant to the terms of the Thrifty Drug Agreements, which are in effect through September 30, 2020, the Company has agreed to purchase not less than 98% of the Company’s total prescription product requirements from Thrifty Drug Stores, Inc. The Company commenced purchasing prescription products under the Thrifty Drug Agreements in May 2019. The Thrifty Drug Agreements authorize Thrifty Drug Stores, Inc. to hold a security interest in all of the products purchased by the Company under the Thrifty Drug Agreements.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $1,854 due to AmerisourceBergen and Thrifty Drug Stores as a result of prescription drug purchases. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $5,340 due to AmerisourceBergen as a result of prescription drug purchases.

12. Income Taxes

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $10,681, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 29.4%. The tax benefit primarily consists of $5,995 based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year and $4,072 of windfall tax benefits generated from the vesting of restricted stock, disqualifying dispositions and exercising of nonqualified stock options during the period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $4,107, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 10.1%. The tax benefit consists of $4,451 related to windfall tax benefits generated from the vesting of restricted stock, disqualifying dispositions and exercising of nonqualified stock options during the period. The benefit was offset by tax expense of $345 based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

13. Other Long-term Liabilities

Other long term liabilities as of September 30, 2019 was $93 and represented the long-term portion of contract liabilities for performance obligations related to software maintenance contracts for electronic health records solutions. Other long term liabilities as of December 31, 2018 was $3,268 and primarily represented the long-term portion of deferred rent related to the Company's property leases.

14. Stockholders' Equity

On April 25, 2017, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $5,000 of its common stock at prevailing market prices, from time to time, through open market, block and privately-negotiated transactions, at such times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. The Company funds repurchases of its common stock through a combination of cash on hand, cash generated by operations or borrowings under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 80,000 shares at an average price of $35.82 per share for a total of $2,866. As of September 30, 2019, $1,175 of common stock remained available for repurchase.

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company issued warrants to purchase 4,646,393 shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $105.58 per share. As of September 30, 2019, no warrants have been exercised and all warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding. See Note 11 for additional information related to the 2026 Notes.

15. Stock-Based Compensation

In September 2016, the Company adopted the 2016 Equity Compensation Plan (“2016 Plan”) and merged its 2014 Equity Compensation Plan (“2014 Plan”) into the 2016 Plan. No additional grants were made thereafter under the 2014 Plan. Outstanding grants under the 2014 Plan will continue according to their terms as in effect before the merger with the 2016 Plan, and the shares with respect to outstanding grants under the 2014 Equity Plan will be issued or transferred under the 2016 Plan. During the term of the 2016 Plan, the share reserve will automatically increase on the first trading day in January of each calendar year by an amount equal to the lesser of 5% of the total number of outstanding shares of common stock on the last trading day in December of the prior calendar year or such other number set by the Board. In accordance with the terms of the 2016 Plan, the share reserve increased by 1,027,876 shares on January 2, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, 373,367 shares were available for future grants under the 2016 Plan.

Restricted Common Stock

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award activity under the 2016 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:


		Weighted
		average
	Number	grant-date
	of shares	fair value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	1,070,061	$	20.61
Granted	589,402		54.93
Vested	(329,375)		19.74
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	1,330,088	$	36.04

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, $3,550 and $1,074 of expense was recognized related to restricted stock awards, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, $9,636 and $2,779 of expense was recognized related to restricted stock awards, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $33,963 related to non-vested restricted stock awards under the 2016 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Performance-Based Stock Award

On August 6, 2018, the Board approved the grant of a performance-based stock award to a consultant pursuant to the 2016 Plan. The award provides that 50,000 shares of common stock will be issued based on the achievement of certain milestones. The award has a grant-date fair value of $61.85 per share based on the Company’s closing stock price on the grant date. Compensation cost is being recognized over the service period based on management’s determination that it is probable that the milestones will be achieved. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 25,000 shares of common stock related to this award for the achievement of certain milestones. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded $339 and $1,653, respectively, of expense related to the performance-based stock award. As of September 30, 2019, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $55 related to the performance-based stock award.

Other Stock Awards

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Board approved the grant of stock awards to select employees and a non-employee director pursuant to the 2016 Plan. The awards provide for the issuance of 28,515 shares of the Company’s common stock, which immediately vested on the grant date. These grants had a weighted average grant-date fair value of $53.62 per share. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded expense of $487 and $1,529, respectively, related to these stock awards.

Stock Options

The Company recorded $2,849 and $1,299 of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company recorded $8,165 and $3,719 of stock-based compensation expense related to stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company records forfeitures as they occur.

The estimated fair value of options granted was calculated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The computation of expected life for employees was determined based on the simplified method. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury security with terms equal to the expected time of exercise as of the grant date. The Company's common stock had not been publicly traded until its IPO commenced on September 29, 2016; therefore, expected volatility is based on a combination of the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and the historical volatilities of selected public companies whose services are comparable to that of the Company. The table below sets forth the weighted average assumptions for employee grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
Valuation assumptions:	2019		2018
Expected volatility	69.30	%	58.40	%
Expected term (years)	6.03		6.08
Risk-free interest rate	2.48	%	2.41	%
Dividend yield	—		—

The weighted average grant date fair value of employee options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $34.87 and $19.87 per share, respectively.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the 2016 Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:


				Weighted
		Weighted		average
		average		remaining	Aggregate
	Number	exercise		contractual	intrinsic
	of shares	price		term	value
Outstanding at December 31, 2018	2,490,114	$	15.70
Granted	689,875		55.05
Exercised	(231,790)		11.63
Forfeited	(107,350)		49.04
Outstanding at September 30, 2019	2,840,849	$	24.33	7.0	$	88,641
Options vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2019	2,840,849	$	24.33	7.0	$	88,641
Exercisable at September 30, 2019	1,585,816	$	11.64	5.7	$	68,877

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the Company’s closing stock price or estimated fair value on the last trading day of the fiscal quarter for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company's common stock. This amount changes based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $10,805 and $26,905, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019, there was $26,556 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options granted under the 2016 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years.

Cash received from option exercises for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $2,503 and $2,590, respectively.

The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 in the following expense categories of its consolidated statements of operations:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Cost of revenue - product	$	290	$	171	$	912	$	592
Cost of revenue - service		928		412		2,906		1,055
Research and development		2,053		912		6,141		1,431
Sales and marketing		1,132		401		3,224		1,172
General and administrative		2,822		1,100		7,800		2,871
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	7,225	$	2,996	$	20,983	$	7,121

16. Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments consist of accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities, accrued expenses, acquisition-related contingent consideration, and long-term debt. The carrying values of accounts receivable, contract assets, accounts payable, contract liabilities and accrued expenses are representative of their fair value due to the relatively short-term nature of those instruments. The carrying value of the Company’s line of credit approximates fair value based on the terms of the debt arrangement. See below for additional information on the Company’s convertible senior subordinated notes.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The Company has classified liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 as follows:


	Fair Value Measurement
	at Reporting Date Using
							Balance as of
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		September 30, 2019
Liabilities
Acquisition-related contingent consideration - long-term	$	—	$	—	$	11,500	$	11,500


	Fair Value Measurement
	at Reporting Date Using
							Balance as of
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		December 31, 2018
Liabilities
Acquisition-related contingent consideration - short-term	$	—	$	—	$	43,397	$	43,397
Acquisition-related contingent consideration - long-term		—		—		7,800		7,800
	$	—	$	—	$	51,197	$	51,197

Acquisition-related contingent consideration is measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs, hence these instruments represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. The acquisition-related contingent consideration liability represents the estimated fair value of the additional cash and equity consideration payable that is contingent upon the achievement of certain financial and performance milestones. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, all changes in liability-classified contingent consideration subsequent to the initial acquisition-date measurement are recorded in net income or loss.

In connection with the acquisition of the SRx business, additional contingent consideration was payable by the Company based on SRx’s EBITDA, as defined in the merger agreement, multiplied by a variable EBITDA multiple, which was based on a formula as set forth in the merger agreement. The SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration, which was liability-classified, was recorded at the estimated fair value at the acquisition date of September 6, 2017. The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to derive estimates of the contingent consideration payments as of the acquisition date and at each subsequent period. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a $8,319 remeasurement gain for the change in the fair value of the SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily based on a decrease in SRx’s projected EBITDA for the year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a $40,069 charge for the change in the fair value of the SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily based on an increase in the projected EBITDA multiple used in the contingent consideration payment calculation as a result of an increase in the Company’s market capitalization. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of the SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration was calculated to be $81,692, of which $39,774 was equity-classified. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $624 charge for the change in fair value of the final SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration amount. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company made the final cash payment of $43,150 and issued 614,225 shares of its common stock, with a fair value of $39,166, in full satisfaction of the SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration payable.

The Peak PACE acquisition-related contingent consideration, which was liability-classified, was recorded at the estimated fair value at the acquisition date of May 1, 2018. The contingent consideration payable was based on Peak PACE’s EBITDA, as defined in the asset purchase agreement, multiplied by an EBITDA multiple. The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to derive estimates of the contingent consideration payments as of the acquisition date and at each subsequent period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $163 charge for the change in the fair value of the Peak PACE acquisition-related contingent consideration amount. The fair value of the Peak PACE acquisition-related contingent consideration was calculated to be $1,479 as December 31, 2018. The Company made the final cash payment of $1,642

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

in full satisfaction of the Peak PACE acquisition-related contingent consideration payable during the second quarter of 2019.

The Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration, which is liability-classified, was recorded at the estimated fair value at the acquisition date of October 19, 2018. The contingent consideration payable is based on a multiple of the excess of Cognify’s 2021 revenues and EBITDA over its 2018 revenues and EBITDA, as defined in the stock purchase agreement. The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, utilizes a Monte Carlo simulation to derive estimates of the contingent consideration payments as of the acquisition date and at each subsequent period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $1,300 and $3,700 charge, respectively, for the change in the fair value of Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily due to an amendment of the certain definitions used in the calculation of the contingent consideration set forth in the stock purchase agreement and the decreased discount period to the final measurement date. The fair value of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration was calculated to be $11,500 and $7,800 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The final amount of the contingent consideration liability will be fixed as of December 31, 2021.

The DoseMe acquisition-related contingent consideration, which was liability-classified, was recorded at the estimated fair value at the acquisition date of January 2, 2019. The contingent consideration payable was based on a multiple of DoseMe’s revenues associated with signed contracts during the twelve-month period ending November 30, 2019, as defined in the share purchase deed. The Company, with the assistance of a third-party appraiser, utilized a Monte Carlo simulation to derive estimates of the contingent consideration payments as of the acquisition date and at each subsequent period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded a $210 and $30 charge, respectively, for the change in fair value of the final DoseMe acquisition-related contingent consideration amount. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company elected to accelerate the payment of the contingent consideration and made a final cash payment of $8,750 in full satisfaction of the DoseMe acquisition-related contingent consideration payable.

The changes in fair value of the Company’s acquisition-related contingent consideration for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:


Balance at December 31, 2018	$	51,197
Acquisition date fair value of the DoseMe contingent consideration		8,720
Cash consideration paid		(53,542)
Adjustments to fair value measurement		4,516
Adjustment to reclassify amounts settled in cash (previously reflected in equity)		609
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	11,500

The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but require fair value disclosures as of September 30, 2019:


	Face Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
1.75% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”)	$	325,000	$	223,202	$	353,909

The fair value of the 2026 Notes at each balance sheet date is determined based on recent quoted market prices for these notes which is a level 2 measurement. As discussed in Note 11, the 2026 Notes are carried at their aggregate face value of $325,000, less any unaccreted debt discount and unamortized debt issuance costs.

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TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

17. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is not currently involved in any significant claims or legal actions that, in the opinion of management, will have a material adverse impact on the Company.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes and other financial information included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in our 2018 Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

This discussion contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “believe,” “will,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “could,” “potentially” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions. You should read these statements carefully because they discuss future expectations, contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition, or state other “forward-looking” information. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations, intentions and financial performance and the assumptions that underlie these statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, (i) our ability to adapt to changes or trends within the market for healthcare in the U.S.;(ii) a significant increase in competition from a variety of companies in the health care industry; (iii) developments and changes in laws and regulations, including increased regulation of the healthcare industry through legislative action and revised rules and standards; (iv) the extent to which we are successful in gaining new long-term relationships with clients or retaining existing clients; (v) the growth and success of our clients, which is difficult to predict and is subject to factors outside of our control; (vi) our ability to maintain relationships with a specified drug wholesaler; (vii) increasing consolidation in the healthcare industry; (viii) managing our growth effectively; (ix) fluctuations in operating results; (x) failure or disruption of our information technology and security systems; (xi) dependence on our senior management and key employees; (xii) our future indebtedness and our ability to obtain additional financing, reduce expenses or generate funds when necessary; and (xiii) the risks described in Part I, Item 1A of our 2018 Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of their date, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise these statements in light of future developments, except as required by applicable law. We caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.

Overview

We are a leader in providing patient-specific, data-driven technology and solutions that enable healthcare organizations to optimize medication regimens to improve patient outcomes, reduce hospitalizations, lower healthcare costs and manage risk. We deliver our solutions through technology-enabled products and services for medication risk management, which includes bundled prescription fulfillment and reminder packaging services for client populations with complex prescription needs. We also provide health plan management services, and pharmacy cost management services, which help our clients to properly characterize patient acuity (severity of health condition), optimize and reconcile the associated payments for care, assure vendor compliance with contracted terms, and document clinical interactions.

Our cloud-based software solutions provide prescribers, pharmacists, and healthcare organizations with sophisticated and innovative tools to better manage the medication-related needs of their patients. We believe we offer the first prospective clinical approach to medication risk management, which is designed to increase patient safety and promote adherence to a patient's personalized medication regimen. Furthermore, our medication risk management technology helps healthcare organizations lower costs by reducing adverse drug events, or ADEs, enhancing quality of care, and avoiding preventable hospital admissions. Many of our products and services are built around our novel and proprietary Medication Risk Mitigation Matrix ™, or MRM Matrix, which enables both optimization of a patient's medication regimen, through personalized medication selection, dosage levels, and time-of-day administration and also reduction of the total medication burden by eliminating unnecessary prescriptions.

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The MRM Matrix analyzes a combination of clinical and pharmacology data, population-based algorithms and extensive patient-specific data, including medical history, lab results, medication lists and individual genomic data, to deliver "precision medicine" decision support. Some of our software-enabled solutions can be bundled with adherence-focused prescription fulfillment and reminder packaging services, which are informed by a patient's personalized MRM Matrix, through our three prescription fulfillment pharmacies. Our prescription fulfillment pharmacies are strategically located to efficiently distribute medications nationwide for our clients. These pharmacies use cutting edge packaging technology that promotes adherence to patients' personalized regimens and dosing schedules. Our team of clinical pharmacists, located in eight call centers throughout the U.S., is available to support prescribers at the point of care through our proprietary technology platforms, including real-time secure messaging, and support health plan members and prescribers with telephonic outreach and interventions based on drug therapy problems identified through the review of historical claims data.

Our technology-driven approach to medication risk management represents an evolution from prevailing non-personalized approaches that primarily rely on single drug-to-drug interaction analysis. At the end of 2018, we were serving 224 healthcare organizations and over 4,600 pharmacies. As of September 30, 2019, this number has grown to 235 healthcare organizations and over 15,000 pharmacies. The increase in the number of pharmacies we are serving was primarily due to the PrescribeWellness acquisition.

Our total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $74.3 million and $211.5 million, respectively, compared to $54.4 million and $147.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. We incurred a net loss of $8.1 million and $25.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to a net income of $10.4 million and a net loss of $36.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Our Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $10.6 million and $29.9 million, respectively, compared to $9.3 million and $20.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures — Adjusted EBITDA” for our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, why we present Adjusted EBITDA as a separate metric, and a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA.

We face a variety of challenges and risks, which we will need to address and manage as we pursue our growth strategy. In particular, we will need to continue to innovate in the face of a rapidly changing healthcare landscape if we are to remain competitive. We will also need to effectively manage our growth, especially related to our continued expansion beyond the PACE market to other at-risk providers and payors. Our senior management continuously focuses on these and other challenges, and we believe that our culture of innovation and our history of growth and expansion will contribute to the success of our business. We cannot, however, assure you that we will be successful in addressing and managing the many challenges and risks that we face.

Key Business Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate and manage our business and that are useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry.


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2019		2018		$		%
		(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	74,270	$	54,418	$	19,852	36	%
Net (loss) income		(8,104)		10,416		(18,520)	(178)
Adjusted EBITDA		10,576		9,266		1,310	14

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2019		2018		$		%
		(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	211,484	$	146,960	$	64,524	44	%
Net loss		(25,612)		(36,704)		11,092	30
Adjusted EBITDA		29,919		20,832		9,087	44

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We monitor the key metrics set forth in the preceding table to help us evaluate trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness and efficiency of our operations and gauge our cash generation. We discuss Adjusted EBITDA in more detail in “Non-GAAP Financial Measures — Adjusted EBITDA.” We also monitor revenue retention rate and client retention rate on an annual basis, which are described in our 2018 Form 10-K.

Factors Affecting our Future Performance

We believe that our future success will be dependent on many factors, including our ability to maintain and grow our relationships with existing clients, expand our client base, continue to enter new markets and expand our offerings to meet evolving market needs. While these areas present significant opportunity, they also present risks that we must manage to ensure successful results. Please refer to “Item 1A – Risk Factors” in our 2018 Form 10-K for a discussion of certain risks and uncertainties that may impact our future success.

Recent Developments

Acquisitions

On March 5, 2019, we entered into, and consummated the transactions contemplated by, a Merger Agreement, pursuant to which we acquired PrescribeWellness, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company, or PrescribeWellness. PrescribeWellness is a leading cloud-based patient engagement solutions company that facilitates collaboration between more than 10,000 pharmacies with patients, payors, providers and pharmaceutical companies. We paid $150 million in cash consideration, subject to customary adjustments set forth in the Merger Agreement. A portion of the consideration is being held in escrow to secure potential claims for indemnification under the Merger Agreement and in respect of adjustments to the consideration under the Merger Agreement.

On January 2, 2019, we completed our acquisition of all of the outstanding share capital and options to purchase share capital of DoseMe Holdings Pty Ltd, a proprietary company limited by shares organized under the Laws of Australia, or DoseMe. DoseMe is the developer of DoseMeRx, an advanced precision dosing tool to help physicians and pharmacists accurately dose patients’ high-risk parenteral medications based on individual needs. The acquisition was made pursuant to a Share Purchase Deed made and entered into as of November 30, 2018. The consideration for the acquisition was comprised of (i) cash consideration of $10.0 million paid upon closing, subject to certain customary post-closing adjustments, (ii) the issuance of 149,053 shares of our common stock, and (iii) contingent purchase price consideration. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company elected to accelerate the payment of the contingent earn out payment and paid $8.8 million in full satisfaction of the contingent purchase price consideration.

We account for acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting. We allocated the purchase price to the assets acquired, including intangible assets, and liabilities assumed, based on estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. The results of operations from the acquisitions are included in our consolidated financial statements from the acquisition date.

Financing

On February 12, 2019, we issued and sold convertible senior subordinated notes with an aggregate principal amount of $325.0 million, or the 2026 Notes, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Debt issuance costs related to the 2026 Notes totaled $9.4 million. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.75% per year, payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on August 15, 2019. The 2026 Notes will mature on February 15, 2026, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The initial conversion rate for the 2026 Notes is 14.2966 shares of our common stock per $1 thousand principal amount of notes. This conversion rate is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $69.95 per share of our common stock. Upon conversion, we will pay or deliver, as the case may be, shares of our common stock, cash or a combination thereof at our option. In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with affiliates of certain of the initial purchasers, or the option counterparties, of the 2026 Notes pursuant to the terms of call option confirmations. We also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of the 2026 Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2026 Notes, as the case may be. The warrant transactions could separately have a dilutive effect on our common stock to the extent that the market price per share of our common stock exceeds

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the strike price of the warrants.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Our revenue is derived from our product sales and service activities. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, product sales represented 47% and 52% of our total revenue, respectively, and service revenue represented 53% and 48% of our total revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, product sales represented 47% and 56% of our total revenue, respectively, and service revenue represented 53% and 44% of our total revenue, respectively.

Product Revenue

MRM prescription fulfillment services. We have a stand ready obligation to provide prescription fulfillment pharmacy services, including dispensing and delivery of an unknown mix and quantity of medications, directly to healthcare organizations. Revenue from medication risk management, or MRM, prescription fulfillment services is recognized when medications are delivered to the client. At the time of delivery, we have performed substantially all of our performance obligations under our client contracts and we do not experience a significant level of returns or reshipments.

Service Revenue

Service revenue consists of MRM services, health plan management services, and pharmacy cost management services.

MRM services. We provide an array of medication risk management services. These services include identification of high risk individuals, patient engagement, medication regimen reviews, and software for pharmacists to track clinical interventions regarding optimizing medication therapy, including dosing, and methodologies to increase adherence. Revenue related to these performance obligations primarily consists of per member per month fees, monthly subscription fees, and per comprehensive medication review fees. MRM per member per month fees and monthly subscription fees are recognized based on their relative stand-alone selling prices as the services are provided. Additionally, certain of our MRM service contracts include a performance guarantee based on the number of comprehensive medication reviews completed and guarantees by us for specific service level performance. For these contracts, revenue is recognized as comprehensive medication reviews are completed at their relative stand-alone selling price which is estimated based on our assessment of the total transaction price under each contract. The stand-alone selling price and amount of variable consideration recognized are adjusted as necessary at the end of each reporting period. If client performance guarantees are not being realized, we record, as a reduction to revenue, an estimate of the amount that will be due at the end of the respective client’s contractual period.

Health plan management services. We have a stand ready obligation to provide risk adjustment services, electronic health record solutions and third party administration services, which we collectively refer to as health plan management services. The performance obligations are a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer. Revenue related to these performance obligations primarily consists of set-up fees, per member per month fees, and in certain contracts a gain-share component. Revenue from these contracts is recognized monthly as the health plan management services are provided. The revenue includes the contractual per member per month rate and an estimated gain earned during each reporting period. Set-up fees related to health plan management contracts represents an upfront fee to the client to compensate us for our effort to prepare the client and configure its system for the data collection process. Set-up activities that do not have value apart from the broader health plan management services provided to the client and that do not represent a separate performance obligation are recognized over the contract term as services are provided. Set-up activities that have value apart from the services provided to the client represent a separate performance obligation and as such, are recognized as performed.

Pharmacy cost management services. We have a stand ready obligation to provide monthly pharmacy cost management services which includes adjudication, pricing validation, utilization analysis and pharmacy transaction review services. The performance obligation is a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer. Revenue related to this performance obligation primarily consists of subscription fees based on

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a monthly flat fee or a percentage of monthly transactions incurred and revenue generated from drug manufacturers for the sale of drug utilization data. Revenue from these services is recognized monthly as the pharmacy cost management services are provided at the contractual subscription fee rate and when the data is submitted to the drug manufacturers based on the fair value of the data. The drug utilization fees recognized are estimated using historical data. Due to the unpredictable nature of these drug utilization fees, the estimates are adjusted as necessary to reflect new information when received.

Cost of Revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

Product Cost

Cost of product revenue includes all costs directly related to the fulfillment and distribution of prescription medications under our medication risk management offerings. Costs consist primarily of the purchase price of the prescription medications we dispense. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, prescription medication costs represented 80% and 79% of our total product costs, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, prescription medication costs represented 79% of our total product costs. In addition to costs incurred for the prescription medications we dispense, other costs include expenses to package, dispense and distribute prescription medications, expenses associated with our prescription fulfillment centers, including employment costs and stock-based compensation, and expenses related to the hosting of our technology platform. Such costs also include direct overhead expenses, as well as allocated miscellaneous overhead costs. We allocate miscellaneous overhead costs among functions based on employee headcount.

Service Cost

Cost of service revenue includes all costs directly related to our MRM services, which primarily consist of labor costs, outside contractors, data acquisition, and expenses related to supporting our technology platforms. In addition, cost of service revenue includes all labor costs, including stock-based compensation expense, directly related to the health plan management and pharmacy cost management services and expenses for claims processing and technology services. Cost of service revenue also includes direct overhead expenses, as well as allocated miscellaneous overhead costs. We allocate miscellaneous overhead costs among functions based on employee headcount.

Research and Development Expenses

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs, including stock-based compensation expense, for personnel in our research and development functions, which include software developers, project managers and other employees engaged in scientific education and research, and the development and enhancement of our service offerings. Research and development expenses also include costs for design and development of new scientific algorithms, software and technology and new service offerings, as well as enhancement of existing software and technology and service offerings, including fees paid to third-party consultants, costs related to quality assurance and testing, and other allocated facility-related overhead and expenses.

We capitalize certain costs incurred in connection with obtaining or developing proprietary software platforms, which are used to support our service contracts, including direct costs of material and services and payroll costs for employees directly involved with the software development. Capitalized software costs are amortized beginning when the software project is substantially complete and the asset is ready for its intended use. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage and post-implementation stage, as well as maintenance and training costs, are expensed as incurred as part of research and development expenses. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on adding new features and applications, increasing the functionality and enhancing the ease of use of our existing suite of software solutions.

We expect our research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars as we increase our research and development headcount to further strengthen and enhance our software solutions and service offerings, but will decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term as we expect our revenue to increase at a greater rate than such expenses.

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Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist principally of salaries, commissions, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefits for sales and marketing personnel, as well as travel costs related to sales, marketing and client service activities. Marketing costs also include costs of communication and branding materials, trade shows, consultants, and public relations, as well as allocated overhead.

We expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars as we strategically invest to grow our marketing operations and expand into new products and markets, but decrease as a percentage of revenue in the long term. We expect to hire additional sales personnel and related account management and sales support personnel as we continue to grow.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of employee-related expenses, including compensation, benefits and stock-based compensation, for employees who are responsible for information systems, administration, human resources, finance, legal and executive management as well as other corporate expenses associated with these functional areas. General and administrative expenses also include professional fees for legal, consulting and accounting services and allocated overhead. General and administrative expenses are expensed when incurred.

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase as we expand our infrastructure and continue to comply with the requirements applicable to public companies. These increases have included and will likely continue to include increased costs for director and officer liability insurance, costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and increased fees for directors, outside consultants, accountants, lawyers and investor relations. We also expect to continue to incur significant costs to comply with corporate governance, internal controls and similar requirements applicable to public companies.

Remeasurement of Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration

We classify our acquisition-related contingent consideration as a liability. Acquisition-related contingent consideration is subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date. Any change in the fair value of such acquisition-related contingent consideration is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations as a change in fair value of the liability. We will continue to adjust the carrying value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration until the contingency is finally determined.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses are primarily attributable to our capital investment in equipment and our capitalized software and acquisition-related intangibles.

Interest Expense

Interest expense is primarily attributable to interest expense associated with our 2026 Notes, our revolving credit facility, and our finance lease obligations. It also includes the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs related to these various debt arrangements.

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Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended									Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change					September 30,					Change
	2019		2018			$		%			2019		2018			$		%
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	34,966	$	28,045		$	6,921	25	%		$	99,320	$	82,603		$	16,717	20	%
Service revenue		39,304		26,373			12,931	49				112,164		64,357			47,807	74
Total revenue		74,270		54,418			19,852	36				211,484		146,960			64,524	44
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below:
Product cost		25,931		21,100			4,831	23				74,267		62,007			12,260	20
Service cost		20,510		13,958			6,552	47				58,998		37,125			21,873	59
Total cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		46,441		35,058			11,383	32				133,265		99,132			34,133	34
Operating expenses:
Research and development		5,902		3,380			2,522	75				16,649		8,515			8,134	96
Sales and marketing		6,884		2,669			4,215	158				18,605		6,985			11,620	166
General and administrative		12,155		7,824			4,331	55				38,781		20,229			18,552	92
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense (income)		1,510		(8,419)			9,929	118				4,516		40,385			(35,869)	(89)
Depreciation and amortization		9,142		4,096			5,046	123				24,519		12,110			12,409	102
Total operating expenses		35,593		9,550			26,043	273				103,070		88,224			14,846	17
(Loss) income from operations		(7,764)		9,810			(17,574)	(179)				(24,851)		(40,396)			15,545	38
Interest expense, net		4,441		232			4,209	nm				11,442		415			11,027	nm
(Loss) income before income taxes		(12,205)		9,578			(21,783)	(227)				(36,293)		(40,811)			4,518	11
Income tax benefit		(4,101)		(838)			(3,263)	(389)				(10,681)		(4,107)			(6,574)	(160)
Net (loss) income	$	(8,104)	$	10,416		$	(18,520)	(178)			$	(25,612)	$	(36,704)		$	11,092	30

nm = not meaningful

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Product Revenue

Product revenue increased $6.9 million, or 25%, from $28.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $35.0 million for the comparable period in 2019. New MRM prescription fulfillment clients acquired period over period contributed $2.7 million to the increase. Increased prescription fulfillment volume from an increase in patients served by our existing clients represented approximately $2.8 million of the increase, and medication mix of prescriptions filled and payor mix contributed to an additional $1.4 million of the overall increase in product revenue.

Service Revenue

Service revenue increased $12.9 million, or 49%, from $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $39.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The recent acquisitions of Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness contributed $11.4 million to the increase. Excluding the impact of the acquisitions, MRM service revenue grew approximately $2.0 million primarily related to the expansion of existing customer relationships. Health plan management services revenue increased $488 thousand as a result of growth in our third-party administrative services. Our pharmacy cost management services revenue decreased $856 thousand primarily due to lower claim volumes, which reduced medication utilization data fees earned during the period.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased $4.8 million, or 23%, from $21.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $25.9 million for the comparable period in 2019. New MRM prescription fulfillment clients acquired period over period contributed $1.9 million to the increase. In addition, increased prescription volume as a result of an increase in the number of patients served by our existing customers contributed approximately $1.7 million to the change. Manufacturer price increases and medication mix of prescriptions filled for our clients' patients contributed an additional $277 thousand to the overall increase in the cost of product revenue. Personnel costs increased $497 thousand due to additional headcount as well as increases in salary and benefits for existing employees related to market adjustments and performance based increases. Distribution charges also increased $414 thousand related to higher shipping volume for the medications we fulfilled for our clients' patients.

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Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue increased $6.5 million, or 47%, from $14.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $20.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The recent acquisitions of Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness contributed approximately $4.6 million to the increase in services costs. Excluding the impact of the acquisitions, MRM service costs increased approximately $1.5 million, of which $1.0 million was primarily due to increases in headcount and related employee compensation to support the growth of our MTM service offerings. Excluding the impact of the acquisitions, the remaining increase in cost of service revenue was primarily related to an increase in employee compensation costs to support growth in the risk adjustment operations of our health plan management services

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased $2.5 million, or 75%, from $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $5.9 million for the comparable period in 2019. The acquisitions of DoseMe and PrescribeWellness contributed $595 thousand to the increase, which primarily related to employee compensation costs. Excluding the acquisitions, the increase in research and development costs was largely due to an increase in employee compensation costs of approximately $1.6 million primarily related to increased stock compensation costs related to stock option grants and equity awards made during 2019, as well as performance-based equity awards granted in the third quarter of 2018. The remaining increase in employee compensation costs was primarily due to additional headcount as well as increases in salary and benefits for existing employees related to market adjustments and performance-based increases. Research and development expenses were also impacted by a $199 thousand increase in contractor costs to support the continued development of the MRM Matrix platform. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to increases in information technology spending to support development efforts.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $4.2 million, or 158%, from $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $6.9 million for the comparable period in 2019. The acquisitions of Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe and PrescribeWellness contributed $3.1 million to the increase, which primarily related to employee compensation costs. Excluding the acquisitions, the increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily due to a $1.1 million increase in personnel costs related to an increase in stock compensation expenses, added headcount to related to the expansion of our sales team, and increases in salaries and benefits related to market adjustments and performance-based increases for our existing employees.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $4.3 million, or 55%, from $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $12.1 million for the comparable period in 2019. The acquisitions of Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness contributed $2.7 million to the increase in expenses, which consisted primarily of employee compensation costs, including stock compensation, information technology expenses, business insurance costs, and rent and utilities expenses. Excluding the acquisitions, higher employee compensation costs of $2.1 million were primarily due to an increase in stock compensation of $1.4 million related to equity awards granted during the first quarter of 2019, an increase in headcount to support the overall growth of our operations, and increases in salaries and benefits for existing employees related to market adjustments and performance-based increases. These increases were offset by a decrease in acquisition related transaction costs of $767 thousand due to the Mediture and Cognify acquisitions occurring in 2018.

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Expense

During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we recorded a $1.5 million charge and recognized a $8.4 million gain, respectively, related to the fair value adjustments of our acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities.

During the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a $1.3 million charge to increase the fair value of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily due to an amendment of certain definitions used in the calculation of the contingent consideration set forth in the stock purchase agreement, and the decreased discount

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period to the final measurement date. The Cognify contingent consideration is based on a multiple of the excess of Cognify’s 2021 revenues and EBITDA over its 2018 revenues and EBITDA, as defined in the stock purchase agreement. As of September 30, 2019, the Cognify contingent consideration liability was $11.5 million with the potential for up to an additional $2.5 million to be earned if the maximum contingent amount is earned, which would flow through as a charge to net income or loss. The final amount of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration liability will be fixed as of December 31, 2021.

Also, during the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a $210 thousand charge related to the fair value adjustment of the final DoseMe acquisition-related contingent consideration amount. The DoseMe acquisition-related contingent consideration was paid in full during the third quarter of 2019.

The $8.4 million gain recognized during 2018 was primarily due to an adjustment to the fair value of the SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities, which was paid in full during the first quarter of 2019.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $5.0 million, or 123%, from $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 to $9.1 million for the comparable period in 2019. This increase was primarily due $4.2 million of amortization expense related to intangible assets acquired from Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe and PrescribeWellness in 2018 and 2019. The increase in amortization expense was also due to a $668 thousand increase in the amortization of capitalized software related to new software functionality placed into service since October 2018, of which Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness accounted for $168 thousand of that increase. Depreciation expense also increased by $232 thousand, of which $225 thousand related to property and equipment acquired from Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was $4.4 million, an increase of $4.2 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase is primarily due to $4.4 million of interest expense on the 2026 Notes, which were issued in February 2019, offset by a decrease in interest expense on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit which was not drawn upon during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $4.1 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 33.6%. The tax benefit primarily consists of $2.1 million based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year and $1.9 million of windfall tax benefits generated from the vesting of restricted stock, disqualifying dispositions and exercising of nonqualified stock options during the period.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an income tax benefit of $838 thousand, which resulted in an effective tax rate of (8.7)%. Windfall tax benefits related to share-based awards contributed approximately $711 thousand to the recognized tax benefit recognized.

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Product Revenue

Product revenue increased $16.7 million, or 20%, from $82.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $99.3 million for the comparable period in 2019. New MRM prescription fulfillment clients acquired period over period contributed $6.1 million to the increase. Increased prescription fulfillment volume from an increase in patients served by our existing clients represented approximately $5.1 million of the increase, and medication mix of prescriptions filled and payor mix contributed to an additional $5.5 million of the overall increase in product revenue.

Service Revenue

Service revenue increased $47.8 million, or 74%, from $64.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $112.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The recent acquisitions of Peak PACE, Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness contributed $33.4 million to the increase. Excluding the impact of the acquisitions, MRM service revenue grew approximately $10.6 million, primarily related to the expansion of existing customer relationships. Health plan management services increased $2.2 million primarily as a result of growth in our risk adjustment services. In addition, pharmacy cost management services increased $1.7 million related to more favorable manufacturer fees on the sale of medication utilization data.

Cost of Product Revenue

Cost of product revenue increased $12.3 million, or 20%, from $62.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $74.3 million for the comparable period in 2019. New MRM prescription fulfillment clients acquired period over period contributed $4.2 million to the increase. In addition, increased prescription volume as a result of an increase in the number of patients served by our existing customers contributed approximately $3.2 million to the change. Manufacturer price increases and medication mix of prescriptions filled for our clients' patients contributed an additional $2.3 million to the overall increase in the cost of product revenue. In addition, personnel costs increased $1.5 million due to additional headcount as well as increases in salary and benefits for existing employees related to market adjustments and performance based increases. Distribution charges represented $1.2 million of the increase and related to higher shipping volume for the medications we fulfilled for our clients' patients.

Cost of Service Revenue

Cost of service revenue increased $21.9 million, or 59%, from $37.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $59.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The recent acquisitions of Peak PACE, Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness contributed approximately $14.2 million to the increase in services costs. Excluding the impact of the acquisitions, MRM service costs increased approximately $6.2 million, of which $3.1 million was primarily due to increases in headcount and related employee compensation to support the growth of our MTM service offerings. MRM service costs also increased due to a $1.9 million increase in contract labor costs, as well as increases in information technology expenses. Excluding the impact of the acquisitions, the remaining increase in cost of service revenue was primarily related to an increase in employee compensation costs to support the growth in the risk adjustment operations of our health plan management services.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased $8.1 million, or 96%, from $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $16.6 million for the comparable period in 2019. The acquisitions of DoseMe and PrescribeWellness contributed $1.2 million to the increase, which primarily related to employee compensation costs. Excluding the acquisitions, the increase in research and development costs was largely due to an increase in employee compensation costs of approximately $5.8 million, of which $4.5 million related to increased stock compensation costs related to grants made during 2019 as well as performance-based equity awards granted in the third quarter of 2018. The remaining increase in employee compensation costs was primarily due to additional headcount as well as increases in salary and benefits for existing employees related to market adjustments and performance-based increases. Research and development expenses were also impacted by a $563 thousand increase in contractor costs and a $281 thousand increase in rent expense due to the expanded office space for our healthcare analytics and software development departments at

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our Moorestown, NJ headquarters. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to increases in information technology spending and travel costs due to support development efforts.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $11.6 million, or 166%, from $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $18.6 million for the comparable period in 2019. The acquisitions of Peak PACE, Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe and PrescribeWellness contributed $7.4 million to the increase, which primarily related to employee compensation costs. Excluding the acquisitions, the increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily due to a $3.8 million increase in personnel costs related to an increase in stock compensation expenses, additional headcount to support the expansion of our sales team, and increases in salaries and benefits related to market adjustments and performance-based increases for our existing employees. The remaining increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to a $452 thousand increase in conference and other travel costs related to business development activities.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $18.6 million, or 92%, from $20.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $38.8 million for the comparable period in 2019. The acquisitions of Peak PACE, Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness contributed $8.0 million to the increase in expenses, which consisted primarily of employee compensation costs, including stock compensation, information technology expenses, business insurance costs, and rent and utilities expenses. Excluding the acquisitions, higher employee compensation costs of $6.2 million were primarily due to an increase in stock compensation of $4.1 million related to equity awards granted during 2019, an increase in headcount to support the overall growth of our operations, and increases in salaries and benefits for existing employees related to market adjustments and performance-based increases. In addition, general and administrative expenses increased $2.3 million as a result of acquisition related transaction costs related to the acquisitions of DoseMe and PrescribeWellness in 2019. Professional service fees primarily related to audit, tax and internal control services and legal fees represented $1.6 million of the increase. The remaining increase is primarily attributable to increased information technology expenses due to operational growth.

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Expense

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, there was a $4.5 million and a $40.4 million charge incurred, respectively, related to the fair value adjustments of our acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a $3.7 million charge to increase the fair value of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration primarily due to an amendment of certain definitions used in the calculation of the contingent consideration set forth in the stock purchase agreement, and the decreased discount period to the final measurement date. The Cognify contingent consideration is based on a multiple of the excess of Cognify’s 2021 revenues and EBITDA over its 2018 revenues and EBITDA, as defined in the stock purchase agreement. As of September 30, 2019, the Cognify contingent consideration liability was $11.5 million with the potential for up to an additional $2.5 million to be earned if the maximum contingent amount is earned, which would flow through as a charge to net income or loss. The final amount of the Cognify acquisition-related contingent consideration liability will be fixed as of December 31, 2021.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a charge of $30 thousand related to the fair value adjustment of the final DoseMe acquisition-related contingent consideration amount. We elected to accelerate the payment of the DoseMe contingent consideration and made a final cash payment during the third quarter of 2019.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a $624 thousand charge related to the fair value adjustment of the final SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration amount. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a $40.1 million charge related to the fair value adjustments of the SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities. The SRx acquisition-related contingent consideration liability was paid in full during the first quarter of 2019.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded a $163 thousand remeasurement charge related to the Peak PACE acquisition-related contingent consideration as a result of final purchase price adjustments. During the

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nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded a $310 thousand charge related to the fair value adjustments of the Peak PACE acquisition-related contingent consideration liabilities. The Peak PACE liability was paid in full during the second quarter of 2019.

Depreciation and Amortization Expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $12.4 million, or 102%, from $12.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to $24.5 million for the comparable period in 2019. This increase was primarily due to $11.0 million of amortization expense related to intangible assets acquired from Peak PACE, Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe and PrescribeWellness in 2018 and 2019. The increase in amortization expense was also due to a $1.1 million increase in the amortization of capitalized software related to new software functionality placed into service since last year, of which Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness accounted for $269 thousand of the increase. Depreciation expense also increased by $612 thousand, which primarily related to property and equipment acquired from Peak PACE, Mediture, Cognify, DoseMe, and PrescribeWellness.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $11.4 million, an increase of $11.0 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase is primarily due to $11.1 million of interest expense on the 2026 Notes, which were issued in February 2019. The remaining increase is attributable to interest on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit, which was drawn down upon in 2018 in connection with the acquisitions we completed in 2018 as well as the acquisition of DoseMe in 2019.

Income Taxes

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded an income tax benefit of $10.7 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 29.4%. The tax benefit primarily consists of $6.0 million based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year and $4.1 million of windfall tax benefits generated from the vesting of restricted stock, disqualifying dispositions and exercising of nonqualified stock options during the period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded an income tax benefit of $4.1 million, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 10.1%. The tax benefit consists of $4.5 million of windfall tax benefits generated from the vesting of restricted stock, disqualifying dispositions and exercising of nonqualified stock options during the period. This benefit was offset by tax expense of $345 thousand based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year.

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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Adjusted EBITDA

To provide investors with additional information about our financial results, we disclose Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA consists of net income or loss excluding certain other expenses, which includes interest expense, provision (benefit) for income tax, depreciation and amortization, change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense, severance expense related to the termination of two members of senior management in 2018, acquisition-related expense, and stock-based compensation expense. We consider acquisition-related expense to include non-recurring direct transaction and integration costs, severance, and the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the fair value of acquired deferred revenue. We present Adjusted EBITDA because it is one of the measures used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance, and we consider it an important supplemental measure of performance. We believe this metric is commonly used by the financial community, and we present it to enhance investors' understanding of our operating performance and cash flows. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides investors and other users of our financial information consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitates period-to-period comparisons of operations.

Our management uses Adjusted EBITDA:

●

as a measure of operating performance to assist in comparing performance from period to period on a consistent basis;

●

to prepare and approve our annual budget; and

●

to develop short- and long-term operational plans.

Adjusted EBITDA is not in accordance with, or an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, this non-GAAP measure is not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. As a non-GAAP measure, Adjusted EBITDA has limitations in that it does not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. In particular:

●

although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash interest income or expense;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the potentially dilutive impact of stock-based compensation;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax payments that may represent a reduction in cash available to us;

●

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect severance related payments related to the termination of two members of senior management in 2018; and

●

other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Because of these and other limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other GAAP-based financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income (loss) and our other GAAP financial results and not in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. You should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in the presentation, and we do not intend to imply that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

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The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to our net (loss) income for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA
Net (loss) income	$	(8,104)	$	10,416	$	(25,612)	$	(36,704)
Add:
Interest expense, net		4,441		232		11,442		415
Income tax benefit		(4,101)		(838)		(10,681)		(4,107)
Depreciation and amortization		9,142		4,096		24,519		12,110
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense (income)		1,510		(8,419)		4,516		40,385
Severance expense		—		—		—		390
Acquisition-related expense		463		783		4,752		1,123
Payroll tax expense related to stock option exercises		—		—		—		99
Stock-based compensation expense		7,225		2,996		20,983		7,121
Adjusted EBITDA	$	10,576	$	9,266	$	29,919	$	20,832

Adjusted Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share, or Adjusted Diluted EPS

Adjusted Diluted EPS excludes the impact of certain items and, therefore, has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe the exclusion of these items assists in providing a more complete understanding of our underlying operations, results and trends and allows for comparability with our peer company index and industry and to be more consistent with our expected capital structure on a going forward basis. Our management uses this measure along with corresponding GAAP financial measures to manage our business and to evaluate our performance compared to prior periods and the marketplace. We define Adjusted Diluted EPS as net income or loss before fair value adjustments for acquisition-related contingent consideration, amortization of acquired intangibles, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, acquisition-related expense, stock-based compensation expense, severance expense related to the termination of two members of senior management in 2018, and the tax impact of using a normalized tax rate on pre-tax income adjusted for those items expressed on a per share basis using weighted average diluted shares outstanding. We consider acquisition-related expense to include non-recurring direct transaction and integration costs, severance, and the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the fair value of acquired deferred revenue. We believe the exclusion of these items assists in providing a more complete understanding of our underlying operations results and trends and allows for comparability with our peer company index and industry and to be more consistent with our expected capital structure on a going forward basis. Please note that other companies might define their non-GAAP financial measures differently than us.

Adjusted Diluted EPS is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information provided in accordance with GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be computed in the same manner as similarly titled measures used by other companies. In the future, we may incur expenses that are the same as or similar to some of the adjustments in the presentation, and we do not intend to imply that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items.

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The following table reconciles net (loss) income per share on a diluted basis, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted Diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019				2018				2019				2018
	(In thousands except per share amounts)								(In thousands except per share amounts)
Reconciliation of diluted net (loss) income per share to Adjusted Diluted EPS
GAAP net (loss) income, basic, and net (loss) income per share, basic	$	(8,104)	$	(0.39)	$	10,416	$	0.54	$	(25,612)	$	(1.25)	$	(36,704)	$	(1.93)
GAAP net (loss) income, diluted, and net (loss) income per share, diluted	$	(8,104)	$	(0.39)	$	10,416	$	0.47	$	(25,612)	$	(1.25)	$	(36,704)	$	(1.93)
Adjustments:
Change in fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration expense (income)		1,510				(8,419)				4,516				40,385
Amortization of acquired intangibles		6,927				2,782				18,678				7,949
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs		3,012				—				7,506				—
Acquisition-related expense		463				783				4,752				1,123
Payroll tax expense on stock option exercises		—				—				—				99
Stock-based compensation expense		7,225				2,996				20,983				7,121
Severance expense		—				—				—				390
Impact to income taxes ⁽¹⁾		(6,049)				(2,718)				(15,716)				(8,123)
Adjusted net income and Adjusted Diluted EPS	$	4,984	$	0.22	$	5,840	$	0.26	$	15,107	$	0.66	$	12,240	$	0.56

(1)

The impact to taxes was calculated using a normalized statutory tax rate applied to pre-tax (loss) income adjusted for the respective items above and then subtracting the tax provision as determined for GAAP purposes.

The following table reconciles the diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate net (loss) income per share on a diluted basis for GAAP purposes to the diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding used to calculate Adjusted Diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Reconciliation of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted, to weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted for Adjusted Diluted EPS
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, basic for GAAP	20,691,112	19,217,623	20,520,357	18,989,334
Effect of potential dilutive securities:
Weighted average dilutive effect of stock options	—	1,898,543	—	—
Weighted average dilutive effect of restricted shares	—	898,821	—	—
Weighted average dilutive effect of contingent shares	—	273,886	—	—
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted for GAAP	20,691,112	22,288,873	20,520,357	18,989,334
Adjustments:
Weighted average dilutive effect of stock options	1,555,922	—	1,577,258	1,710,175
Weighted average dilutive effect of restricted stock	809,601	—	803,618	846,802
Weighted average dilutive effect of contingent shares	30,502	—	27,037	142,679
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, diluted for Adjusted Diluted EPS ⁽¹⁾	23,087,137	22,288,873	22,928,270	21,688,990

(1)

We account for the convertible senior subordinated notes utilizing the Treasury Stock Method as we intend to settle the notes entirely or partly in cash. Under this method, the underlying shares issuable upon conversion of the notes are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS, except to the extent that the average stock price for the reporting period exceeds their conversion price of $69.95 per share. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there was no impact on diluted EPS from the convertible senior subordinated notes as the conversion price exceeded our average stock price.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We incurred a net loss of $25.6 million and $36.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our primary liquidity and capital requirements are for research and development, sales and marketing, general and administrative expenses, debt service obligations and strategic business acquisitions. We have funded our operations, working capital needs and investments with cash generated through operations, issuance of stock and convertible senior subordinated notes, and borrowings under our credit facilities. At September 30, 2019, we had unrestricted cash of $47.3 million.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019		2018
	(In thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(6,811)	$	9,243
Net cash used in investing activities		(174,451)		(29,058)
Net cash provided by financing activities		207,302		23,332
Net increase in cash and restricted cash	$	26,040	$	3,517

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $6.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and consisted primarily of our net loss of $25.6 million, $24.5 million in payments for the contingent purchase price consideration related to the SRx, Peak PACE and DoseMe acquisitions, changes in net deferred taxes of $10.8 million and changes in our operating assets and liabilities totaling $3.7 million, offset by the addition of noncash items of $57.7 million. The noncash items primarily included $24.5 million of depreciation and amortization expenses related to leasehold improvements, capital equipment, capitalized software development costs and acquisition-related intangibles, $21.0 million of stock-based compensation expense, which was primarily related to equity awards granted to employees and non-employees in the third quarter of 2018 and in 2019, $7.7 million of amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount primarily related to the 2026 Notes, and $4.5 million in the aggregate related to the change in the fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration for SRx, Peak PACE, Cognify, and DoseMe. The significant factors that contributed to the change in operating assets and liabilities included an increase in prepaid and other current assets primarily due to receivables attributable to our pharmacy cost management business and a decrease in accounts payable, which were partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities as a result of higher accrued employee compensation, contract liability related to performance obligations for our services, and interest expense.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $9.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and consisted primarily of our net loss of $36.7 million and changes in our operating assets and liabilities totaling $9.3 million, offset by the addition of noncash items of $55.2 million. The noncash items primarily included $40.4 million in the aggregate related to the change in the fair value of the acquisition-related contingent consideration for SRx and Peak PACE, $12.1 million of depreciation and amortization expenses related to leasehold improvements, capital equipment, capitalized internal-use software development costs, and acquisition related intangibles, and $7.1 million of stock-based compensation expense, which was primarily related to shares of restricted common stock granted to certain employees and stock options granted to employees in 2018, partially offset by a deferred tax benefit of $4.5 million. The significant factors that contributed to the change in operating assets and liabilities included an increase in accounts receivable primarily due to revenues generated as a result of the SRx acquisition, an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to an increase in contract assets related to estimated drug utilization fees in pharmacy cost management services and a decrease in accounts payable, which were partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

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Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $174.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $29.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Net cash used in investing activities for nine months ended September 30, 2019 reflected $158.8 million paid in connection with the acquisitions of DoseMe and PrescribeWellness, net of cash acquired. In addition, net cash used in investing activities consisted of $10.3 million in software development costs and $5.2 million in purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, primarily related to purchases of equipment and improvements for our expanded office space at our Moorestown, NJ headquarters. Net cash used in investing activities was partially offset by proceeds received from the repayment of the $1.0 million note receivable issued to DoseMe Holdings Pty Ltd in 2018.

Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflected $22.0 million paid in connection with the acquisitions of Peak PACE and Mediture, net of cash acquired. In addition, net cash used in investing activities also consisted of $3.5 million in purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, primarily related to purchases of new pharmacy dispensing equipment, equipment and improvements for our new office space in Tucson, Arizona for SRx and improvements for our office spaces in Austin, Texas and Gainesville, Florida dedicated to our MRM service call centers. Net cash used in investing activities also consisted of $3.6 million in software development costs and $30 thousand for the purchase of a domain name.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $207.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $23.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily reflected gross proceeds of $325.0 million from the issuance of the 2026 Notes, $65.9 million from the proceeds of the warrant transactions and $2.5 million of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was partially offset by a payment of $101.7 million for the convertible hedge options entered into in connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, a payment of $45.0 million to repay the amounts outstanding on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit, $29.1 million in payments for the contingent purchase price consideration related to the SRx, Peak PACE, and DoseMe acquisitions, and $9.6 million in payments for debt financing costs.

Financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily reflected borrowings of $26.5 million on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line to fund the acquisitions of Peak PACE and Mediture and $2.6 million of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options. Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was partially offset by $2.9 million in payments for the repurchase of common stock, a $1.6 million payment of contingent purchase price consideration related to our Medliance acquisition, $779 thousand in payments of long-term debt, and $467 thousand in payments for debt financing and costs associated with our common stock offering completed in December 2017.

Funding Requirements

We had an accumulated deficit of $92.1 million as of September 30, 2019. We believe that our unrestricted cash of $47.3 million as of September 30, 2019 and cash flows from continuing operations will be sufficient to fund our planned operations through at least November 30, 2020. We may seek additional funding through public or private debt or equity financings or draw upon amounts available under our Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit. There can be no assurance that additional capital resources, including debt and equity financing, will be available to us on terms that we find acceptable, or at all.

Revolving Credit Facility

On September 6, 2017, we entered into an Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit whereby we amended our amended revolving line of credit, which was entered into on April 29, 2015 and subsequently amended in 2018 and 2019. The Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit provides for borrowings in an aggregate amount up to $60.0 million to be used for general corporate purposes, with a $1.0 million sublimit for cash management services and letters of credit and foreign exchange transactions. Amounts outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit bear interest at a variable rate based upon Western Alliance Bank's prime rate plus an

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applicable margin which will range from (0.25%) to 0.25%, with Western Alliance Bank's prime rate having a floor of 3.5%. The Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit has a maturity date of September 6, 2020, and is secured by all of our personal property, whether presently existing or created or acquired in the future, as well as our intellectual property. As of September 30, 2019, there were no amounts outstanding under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit. As of September 30, 2019, we were also contingently liable for $300 thousand under an outstanding letter of credit, which reduces amounts available on the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit. Amounts available for borrowings under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit were $59.7 million as of September 30, 2019.

The Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit contains financial covenants, including covenants requiring us to maintain a minimum unrestricted cash and unused availability balance under the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit, maintain a maximum leverage ratio on a trailing twelve-month basis measured quarterly, and a minimum EBITDA, measured quarterly. The Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit also contains operating covenants, including covenants restricting our ability to effect a sale of any part of our business, merge with or acquire another company, incur certain additional indebtedness, encumber or assign any right to or interest in our property, pay dividends or other distributions other than as contemplated in connection with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, make certain investments, transact with affiliates outside of the ordinary course of business and incur annual capital expenditures, excluding capitalized software development costs and tenant leasehold improvements, in excess of $5.0 million. The Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit contains customary events of default, including upon the occurrence of a payment default, a covenant default, a material adverse change, our insolvency and judgments against us in excess of $500 thousand that remain unsatisfied for 30 days or longer. The Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit provides for a ten-day cure period for a covenant breach, which may be extended to up to 30 days in certain circumstances. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all covenants related to the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit and expect to remain in compliance with such covenants.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Other than acquisition-related contingent consideration and operating lease liabilities acquired as a result of the DoseMe and PrescribeWellness acquisitions in 2019, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments as compared to those described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments” in our 2018 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by applicable SEC rules and regulations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported revenue generated and expenses incurred during the reporting periods. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Except as described in Note 2 in the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes in our critical accounting policies during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, as compared to those disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our 2018 Form 10-K.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements in our 2018 Form 10-K for a description of new accounting pronouncements. We adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02 Leases as of January 1, 2019.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risks are principally limited to interest rate fluctuations.

As of September 30, 2019, no amounts were outstanding under our Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit. We entered into the Amended and Restated 2015 Revolving Line of Credit to refinance outstanding indebtedness and to fund acquisition-related activities. Interest on the loan is based on the lender's prime rate plus an applicable margin which will range from (0.25%) to 0.25% depending on our leverage ratio, with the lender's prime rate having a floor of 3.5%, which exposes us to market risk due to changes in interest rates. This means that a change in the prevailing interest rates may cause our periodic interest payment obligations to fluctuate if we had made borrowings under the Amended and Restated 2015 Line of Credit during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, conducted an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.

Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms due to a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that previously was disclosed in Part II, Item 9A, ”Controls and Procedures” of our 2018 Form 10-K.

Remediation efforts to address previously identified material weakness

We are continuing to implement the remediation plan as previously disclosed in Part II, Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures” in our Form 10-K to correct the control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness such that these controls will operate effectively. We have (i) created a new information technology, or IT, compliance oversight function, which is actively pursuing candidates; (ii) updated training programs addressing information technology controls, or ITGCs, and policies, and provided education to the control owners concerning the principles and requirements of each control, with a focus on those related to change-management over IT systems impacting financial reporting; (iii) developed and are maintaining documentation underlying ITGCs to promote knowledge transfer upon personnel and function changes; (iv) updated and enhanced risk assessment procedures and controls related to changes in IT systems; (v) begun implementing an IT management review and testing plan to monitor ITGCs with a specific focus on systems supporting our financial reporting processes; and (vi) enhanced quarterly reporting on the remediation measures to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

To remediate our existing material weakness, we require additional time to complete the implementation of our remediation plan and demonstrate the effectiveness of our remediation efforts. The material weakness cannot be considered remediated until the applicable remedial controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed prior to the end of fiscal 2019.

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Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Accordingly, our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for changes in connection with our implementation of the remediation plan described above, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not currently party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, however, we may be a party to litigation and subject to claims in the ordinary course of business. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Stockholders and potential investors in our securities should carefully consider the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our 2018 Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 1, 2019, and in Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on May 10, 2019 (the “First Quarter Form 10-Q”). We have identified these risk factors as important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any written or oral forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. There have been no material changes to the risks described in the 2018 Form 10-K and the First Quarter Form 10-Q. We may experience additional risks and uncertainties not currently known; or, as a result of developments occurring in the future, conditions that are currently deemed to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits


		Incorporated by Reference			Filed Herewith
Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description	Form	Filing Date	Exhibit Number

3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc.	8-K	8/4/2016	3.1
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc.	8-K	8/4/2016	3.2
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				X
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				X

32.1**	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), as required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. §1350), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002				X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document				X
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document				X
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase				X
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase				X
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase				X
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase				X
104	The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101)				X

** This certification attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompanies this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	TABULA RASA HEALTHCARE, INC.

Date: November 8, 2019	By:	/s/ DR. CALVIN H. KNOWLTON
	Name:	Dr. Calvin H. Knowlton
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 8, 2019	By:	/s/ BRIAN W. ADAMS
	Name:	Brian W. Adams
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: November 8, 2019	By:	/s/ ANDREA C. SPEERS
	Name:	Andrea C. Speers
	Title:	Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)