Target Hospitality Corp. - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

For the transition period from           to

Commission file number 001-38343

TARGET HOSPITALITY CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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9320 Lakeside Boulevard, Suite 300

The Woodlands, TX 77381

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

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(800) 832-4242

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ◻   No ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ◻   No ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ⌧  No  ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes  ⌧  No  ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 USC. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.        ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No  ⌧.

The aggregate market value of common shares held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 30, 2021, was $100,419,824.

There were 106,367,450 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and 101,952,683 outstanding as of March 7, 2022.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

The information required by Part III of this Report, to the extent not set forth herein, is incorporated herein by reference from the registrant's definitive proxy statement for the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, which definitive proxy statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this Report relates.

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Target Hospitality Corp.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Annual Report on FORM 10-K

December 31, 2021

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Part I

Item 1. Business

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “we”, “us”, “our”, “the Company”, or “Target Hospitality” refer to Target Hospitality Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries. During 2021, the Company changed the names of select reportable segments to appropriately align with its diversified hospitality and facilities service offerings.  The segments formerly known as Permian Basin and Bakken Basin are now referred to as Hospitality & Facilities Services – South (“HFS – South”) and Hospitality & Facilities Services – Midwest (“HFS – Midwest”), respectively.  All other reportable segment names remain unchanged.

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Overview

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Our company, Target Hospitality, is one of the largest vertically integrated specialty rental and hospitality services companies in North America. We have an extensive network of geographically relocatable specialty rental accommodation units with 15,528 beds across 27 communities (of which 26 are owned and 1 is leased). We also operate 1 community not owned or leased by the Company. The majority of our revenues are generated under multi-year committed contracts which provide visibility to future earnings and cash flows. We believe our customers enter into contracts with us because of our differentiated scale and ability to deliver premier accommodations and in-house culinary and hospitality services across many key geographies in which they operate. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated revenues of approximately $291 million.  Approximately 69.7% of our revenue was earned from specialty rental with vertically integrated hospitality, specifically lodging and related ancillary services, whereas the remaining 30.3% of revenues were earned through leasing of lodging facilities (26.4%) and construction fee income (3.9%) for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

For additional information on our revenue related to December 31, 2020 and 2019, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” located in Part II, Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Target Hospitality, though initially founded in 1978, began operating as a specialty rental and hospitality services company in 2006. Our company operates across the U.S., primarily in the Southwest and the Midwest. We also own and operate the largest family residential center in the U.S. Target Hospitality provides comprehensive turnkey solutions to customers’ unique needs, from the initial planning stages through the full cycle of development and ongoing operations. We provide cost-effective and customized specialty rental accommodations, culinary services and hospitality solutions, including site design, construction, operations, security, housekeeping, catering, concierge services and health and recreation facilities.

We have established a leadership position in providing a fully integrated service offering to our large customer base, which is comprised of the United States government, government service providers, major companies supporting natural resource developments, and large-scale infrastructure projects throughout the United States. Our company is built on the foundation of the following core values: safety, care, excellence, integrity and collaboration.

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Background

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For discussion of the background of the Business Combination, please read the “Background” section located in the Item 1. Business section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on May 24, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Upon completion of the Business Combination, the Nasdaq trading symbols of our Common Stock and our Warrants were changed to “TH” and “THWWW,” respectively.

Business Model

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Our business model allows our customers to focus their efforts and resources on their core businesses. This makes us an integral part of the planning and execution phases for all customers.

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We provide a safe, comfortable, and healthy environment to our guests, employees and workers across the U.S. and anywhere our customers need our facilities and services. Under our “Target 12” service model, we provide benefits to our customers, delivering high quality food, rest, connection, wellness, community, and hospitality, which optimizes our customers’ workforce engagement, performance, safety, loyalty, and productivity during work hours.

This facility and service model is provided directly by our employees, who deliver the essential services 24 hours per day for 365 days a year. We provide all of the hospitality services at our sites, and as a result, we believe we deliver more consistent and high-quality hospitality services at each community compared to our peers. Our company and employees are driven by our primary objective of helping our customers’ workforce reach their full potential every day. Our professionally trained hospitality staff has the unique opportunity to live with our customers as most of our employees live on location at the communities where our customers’ workforce reside. This allows our employees to develop powerful customer empathy, so we are better able to deliver consistent service quality and care through the Target 12 platform each day. Our employees are focused on “the other 12 hours”—the time our customers and their employees are not working—making sure we deliver a well fed, well rested, happier, loyal, safer and more productive employee every day. What we provide our customers’ workforce “off the clock” optimizes their performance when they are “on the clock.” The investment our customers make in their employees “the other 12 hours” is an essential part of their strategy and overall business and operations execution plan.

Using our expansive community network, unique core competencies and full-service turnkey hospitality solutions, we provide critical facilities and hospitality support services for fully integrated natural resource development companies and contractors of the United States Government. Customers typically require accommodations and hospitality solutions at the onset of their projects. Our assets are well-suited to support the full lifecycle of development plans and we are able to scale our facility size to meet customers’ growing needs. We are well-positioned to continue serving our customers throughout the full cycle of their projects, which typically last for several decades. Our integrated model provides value to our customers by reducing project timing and counterparty risks associated with projects. More broadly, our accommodations networks, combined with our integrated value-added hospitality and facilities services creates value for our customers by optimizing our customers’ engagement, performance, safety, loyalty, productivity, preparedness and profitability.

Summary of Value-Added Services

We take great pride in the premium customer experience we offer across our range of community and hospitality services offerings. The majority of Target’s communities include in-house culinary and hospitality services. Our world-class culinary and catering professionals serve approximately 11,000,000 meals each year with fresh ingredients and many of our meals are made from scratch. We self-manage most culinary and hospitality services, which provides us with greater control over service quality as well as incremental revenue and profit potential. Our communities are designed to promote rest and quality of life for our customers’ workforces and include amenities such as:

Summary of Amenities at various Communities:

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Our hospitality services and programming are designed to promote safety, security and rest, which in turn promote greater on-the-job productivity for our customers’ workforces. Our communities strictly adhere to our community code of conduct, which prohibits drugs, firearms, co-habitation and guests. We work closely with our customers to ensure that our communities are an extension of the safe environment and culture they aim to provide to their employees while they are on a project location. Our customer code of conduct is adopted by each corporate customer and enforced in conjunction with our customers through their documented health, safety and environmental policies, standards and customer management. We recognize that safety and security extends beyond the customers’ jobsite hours and is a 24-hour responsibility which requires 24-hour services by Target Hospitality and close collaboration with our customer partners.

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History and Development

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Target Hospitality’s legacy businesses of Signor and Target have grown and developed since they were created. The chart below sets out certain key milestones for each business.

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We are one of the few vertically integrated specialty rental and hospitality services providers that service the entire value chain from site identification to long-term community development and facilities management. Our industry divides specialty rental accommodations into three primary types: communities, temporary worker lodges and mobile assets. We are principally focused on communities across several end markets, including natural resource developments, large-scale infrastructure and U.S. government.

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Communities typically contain a larger number of rooms and require more time and capital to develop. These facilities typically have commercial kitchens, dining areas, conference rooms, medical and dental services, recreational facilities, media lounges and landscaped grounds where climate permits. A substantial portion of our communities are built and underpinned by multi-year committed contracts which often include exclusivity provisions. These facilities are designed to serve the long-term needs of customers regardless of the end markets they serve. Our communities provide fully-integrated and value-added hospitality services, including but not limited to: catering and food services, housekeeping, health and recreation facilities, laundry services and overall workforce community management, as well as water and wastewater treatment, power generation, communications and personnel logistics where required. In contrast, temporary lodges are usually smaller in number of rooms and generally do not include hospitality, catering, facilities services or other value-added on-site services and typically serve customers on a spot or short-term basis without long-term committed contracts. These temporary facilities are “open” for any customer who needs lodging services. Finally, mobile assets, or rig housing, are designed to follow customers’ activities and are generally used for drilling rig operators. They are often used to support conventional drilling crews and are contracted on a project-by-project, well-by-well or short-term basis.

Our specialty rental modular assets and hospitality services deliver the essential services and accommodations when and where there is a lack of sufficient accessible or cost-effective housing, infrastructure or local labor. Many of the geographic areas near the southern U.S. border lack sufficient temporary housing and infrastructure for asylum-seeking immigrants or may require additional infrastructure in the future. In the U.S. natural resource development industry, many of the largest hydrocarbon reservoirs are in remote and expansive geographic locations, like the Southwestern portion of the United States and North Dakota where limited infrastructure exists. We support the development of these necessary natural resources by providing the fully-integrated and value-added hospitality services described above. Our communities and integrated hospitality services allow our customers to outsource their accommodations needs to a single provider, optimizing employee morale, productivity, safety, and loyalty while focusing their investment on their core businesses and long term planning.

With our focus on large-scale community networks, large-scale stand-alone communities and hospitality services, our business model is a balanced combination of specialty rental assets and facilities services and is most similar to specialty rental companies like Cotton Logistics, Permian Lodging, Aries, and Civeo, and facilities services companies such as Aramark, Sodexo or Compass Group, and developers of lodging properties who are also owners or operators, such as Hyatt Hotels Corporation or Marriott International, Inc.

The U.S. specialty rental accommodations industry is segmented into competitors that serve components of the overall value chain, with very few integrated providers.

The communities we own, operate, or manage, as well as those facilities we own but are managed by other operators, are subject to competition for residents from other private operators. We compete primarily on location, cost, the quality and range of services offered, our experience in the design, construction, and management of facilities, and our reputation. We compete with government agencies that are responsible for residential facilities. Government sector demand for facilities is affected by a number of factors, including the demand for beds, general economic conditions and the size of the populations needing these services.

Demand for accommodations and related services within the natural resource development end market is influenced by four primary factors: (i) available infrastructure, (ii) competition, (iii) workforce requirements, and (iv) capital spending. Anticipated capital spending, and our customers’ expectations for future capital spending as well as larger infrastructure requirements, influence customers’ development on current productive assets, maintenance on current assets, expansion of existing assets and development of greenfield, brownfield or new assets. In addition to capital requirements, different types of customer activity require varying workforce sizes, influencing the demand for accommodations. Also, competing locations and services influence demand for our assets and services.

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Demand within our government end market is primarily influenced by immigration, including the ongoing need to accommodate asylum seekers as well as federal governmental policy and budgets. Continued increases in asylum seeking activity may influence government spending on infrastructure in immigration-impacted regions and consequentially demand for accommodations and related services.

Another factor that influences demand for our rooms and services is the type of customer we are supporting. Generally, natural resource development customers require larger workforces during construction and expansionary periods and therefore have a higher demand for accommodations. Due to the contiguous nature of their land positions, a “hub and spoke” model is utilized. Customers that support natural resource development also require larger and more mobile workforces which, in many cases, consist of employees sourced from outside of the work areas. These employees, described as rotational workers, permanently reside in another region or state and commute to the regions served by our HFS – South or HFS – Midwest segments on a rotational basis (often, two weeks on and one week off).

In addition, proximity to customer activities influences occupancy and demand. We have built, own and operate the two largest specialty rental and hospitality services networks available to customers operating in the regions served by our HFS – South and HFS – Midwest segments. These networks allow our customers to utilize one provider across a large and expansive geographic area. Our broad network often results in us having communities that are the closest to our customers’ job sites, which reduces commute times and costs, and improves the overall safety of our customers’ workforce.

Generally, if a community is within a one hour drive of a customer’s work location, our contractual exclusivity provisions with our customers require the customers to have their workforce lodge at one of our communities. Our communities provide customers with cost efficiencies, as they are able to jointly use our communities and related infrastructure (power, water, sewer and IT) services alongside other customers operating in the same vicinity.

Demand for our services is dependent upon activity levels, particularly our customers’ capital spending on natural resource development activities and government housing programs. Our customers’ spending plans generally are based on their view of commodity supply and demand dynamics, as well as the outlook for their near-term and long-term commodity prices and annual government appropriations. Our current footprint supporting natural resource development customers is strategically concentrated in the southwestern portion of the United States near the Permian region served by our HFS – South segment. The Permian stretches across the southeast corner of New Mexico and through a large portion of land in western Texas, encompassing hundreds of thousands of square miles and dozens of counties and is the lowest cost basin in the U.S., providing the most economic natural resource development inventory.

Business Strengths & Strategies

Strengths

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Strategies

We believe that we can further develop our business by, among other things:

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Business Operations

Target Hospitality provides specialty rental and hospitality services, temporary specialty rental and hospitality services solutions and facilities management services across North America. The Company’s primary customers are the U.S. Government and related sub-contractors, investment grade natural resource development companies and other workforce accommodation providers operating in the regions served by our HFS – South and Midwest segments. The Company’s specialty rental and hospitality services and management services are highly customizable and are tailored to each customer’s needs and requirements. Target Hospitality is also an approved general services administration (“GSA”) contract holder and offers a comprehensive range of housing, deployment, operations and management services through its GSA professional services schedule agreement. The GSA contract allows U.S. federal agencies to acquire our products

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and services directly from Target Hospitality which expedites the commercial procurement process often required by government agencies.

Target Hospitality operates its business in four key end markets: (i) government (“Government”), which includes the facilities, services and operations of its family residential center and the related support communities in Dilley, Texas (the “South Texas Family Residential Center”) provided under its lease and services agreement with a national provider of migrant programming and in West Texas provided under its lease and services agreement with a leading national nonprofit organization, backed by a committed United States Government contract, to provide a suite of comprehensive service offerings in support of their humanitarian aid efforts; (ii) HFS - South, which includes the facilities and operations in fifteen communities located across Texas and New Mexico; (iii) HFS - Midwest, which includes facilities and operations in four communities in North Dakota; and (iv) TCPL Keystone (“TCPL Keystone”), which provided ongoing preparatory work and plans for facilities and services provided in connection with the TC Energy (formerly TransCanada)  Keystone pipeline project. The Company terminated the underlying contract and settled with TC Energy in July 2021 related to these ongoing preparatory work and plans, which eliminated all activity from this end market subsequent to July 2021.

The map below shows the Company’s primary community locations in the HFS – South and the HFS – Midwest segments (including the Company’s one location in the Anadarko).

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The table below presents the Company’s owned and leased communities in the HFS – South, HFS – Midwest, Government, and All Other segments as of December 31, 2021.

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Government

The Government segment includes, but is not limited to, two primary end markets which make up approximately 53.6% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021:

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Target Hospitality built and currently leases and operates the South Texas Family Residential Center through a sub-lease and services agreement with a national provider of migrant programming, which provides management services. Target Hospitality owns and operates the facility by providing on-site services including catering, culinary, management, janitorial and light maintenance. The South Texas Family Residential Center includes 524,000 square feet of building space including residential housing units with 2,400 beds, as well as classrooms, a library, chapels, an infirmary with full medical, dental, pharmaceutical and x-ray capabilities, a dining hall, offices and an industrial laundry center.

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In March 2021, the Company entered into a lease and services agreement with a leading national nonprofit organization, backed by a committed United States Government contract, to provide a suite of comprehensive service offerings in support of their humanitarian aid efforts at a residential housing facility with approximately 4,000 beds. This partnership is consistent with our Government segment and strategy of diversifying end-markets through high quality contracts with premier partners that provide strong revenue visibility and cash flows.

We look forward to expanding the products and services of our Government segment through our GSA designations, specifically our designation to maintain the professional services schedule (“PSS”) for logistics service solutions, which are designed to assist federal agencies in procuring comprehensive logistics solutions, including planning, consulting, management, and operational support when deploying supplies, equipment, materials and associated personnel. GSA’s PSS is a multiple award schedule (“MAS”) contract for innovative solutions, offered to federal, state and local governments, for their professional service’s needs. Having a PSS signifies that we have been vetted as a responsible supplier, our pricing has been determined to be fair and reasonable and we are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. PSS is one of the GSA’s schedule contracts, which are indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (“IDIQ”), long-term contracts under the GSA MAS program. GSA schedule contracts were developed to assist federal employees in purchasing products and services and they contain pre-negotiated prices, delivery terms, warranties, and other terms and conditions which streamline the buying process.

The Government segment generated 53.6% or $156.3 million of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. The map below shows the Company’s primary community locations in the Government segment.

Hospitality & Facilities Services - South

The HFS – South segment serves an area that stretches across the southeast corner of New Mexico and a large portion of western Texas, encompassing hundreds of thousands of square miles and dozens of counties. This geographic area, also known as the Permian Basin, is one of the world’s oldest natural resource producing regions. Our customers utilize both

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unconventional and conventional development techniques, encompassing multiple stacked development zones, which increases the potential recoverable resource and lengthens their development lifecycle.

While understanding the significant economic potential in this region, Target entered the market in 2012, ahead of many of our competitors. We started in HFS – South with an 80-bed community in Pecos, TX.

As of December 31, 2021, with 15 communities and approximately 7,400 beds across HFS – South, we offer the largest network of turnkey specialty rental accommodations and hospitality services, with the next largest provider having 5,000 beds or less and only six locations.  

The HFS - South segment generated 40.1% or $117.0 million of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. The map below shows the Company’s primary community locations in the HFS – South region.

Hospitality & Facilities Services - Midwest

The HFS – Midwest segment serves an area that spans North Dakota and is home to the largest concentration of natural resource development in the geographic region.

In 2009, we entered this regional market and built our first community in Williston, North Dakota for a large natural resources services company. The community was the first of its kind in the region and provided specialty rental and hospitality services for more than 150 remote workers. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had four community locations and 1,067 available beds serving customers in the HFS – Midwest region. We are the largest specialty rental and hospitality services provider in the region with approximately 50% of the market share with the next closest direct competitor having less than 15% of the market share.

The HFS - Midwest segment generated 1.4% or $4.2 million of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. The map below shows the Company’s community locations in the region.

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TCPL Keystone

Future Pipeline Services Plans

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We contracted with TC Energy to construct, deliver, cater and manage all accommodations and hospitality services in conjunction with the planned construction of the TCPL Keystone project. Our contract with TC Energy was executed in 2013. In October 2018, we received partial release for certain pre-work related to the project and performed a limited scope of work based on work orders issued by TC Energy.

During 2020, activity related to this segment increased to a level that resulted in revenue exceeding 10% of our consolidated revenues for the first time and as such, this segment became a reportable segment in 2020.

In January 2021, the TCPL Keystone project was suspended due to the revocation of the Keystone XL Presidential Permit. Consequently, on July 23, 2021, the Company executed a Termination and Settlement Agreement (the “Termination and Settlement Agreement”) terminating the Company’s contract with TC Energy that was originated in 2013. As a result of the Termination and Settlement Agreement, no further activity is expected in this segment.

All Other

In addition to the four reportable segments above, the Company: (i) has facilities and operations for one community in Oklahoma; and (ii) provides catering and other services to communities and other workforce accommodation facilities for the natural resource development industries not owned by Target Hospitality (“Facilities Management”).

The Company provides specialty rental and hospitality services including concierge, culinary, catering, maintenance, security, janitorial and related services at facilities owned by other companies. We currently provide Facilities Management, culinary and catering services and site services for one facility located in Wyoming for which we do not own the specialty rental accommodation assets.

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Segment information for December 31, 2021 and 2020

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For additional information on our segments, including Government, HFS - South, HFS - Midwest, TCPL Keystone, and Other, related to December 31, 2021 and 2020, refer to Note 23 of our audited consolidated financial statements located in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Customers and Competitors

The Company’s principal customers include the U.S. Government, government contractors, investment grade natural resource development companies and energy infrastructure companies. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we had two customers, who accounted for approximately 34.7% and 18.9% of our revenue, respectively.  

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For the year ended December 31, 2021, our top five customers accounted for approximately 68% of our revenue.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, we had two customers, who accounted for 28.1% and 18.6% of our revenue, respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we had two customers, who accounted for 20.8% and 12.5% of our revenue, respectively.

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Our primary competitors within our HFS segments for vertically integrated modular accommodations are Cotton Logistics, Permian Lodging, Aries, and Civeo. For hospitality solutions and facilities management, our three primary competitors are: Sodexo, Aramark and Compass.

Our primary competitors in the Government segment are PAE Incorporated, Vectrus and ABM Industries.

The Company’s Community and Services Contracts

For the year ended December 31, 2021, revenue related to the HFS – South and HFS – Midwest segments represented 40.1% and 1.4% of our revenue, respectively, revenue related to our Government segment represented 53.6% of our revenue, revenue related to our TCPL Keystone segment represented 4.2% of our revenue, and Other revenue represented less than 1% of our revenue.

Lease and Services Agreements

The company’s operations in the HFS - South and HFS – Midwest segments are primarily conducted through committed contractual minimum revenue arrangements with its customers. For certain of the Company’s largest customers, it uses network lease and services agreements (“NLSAs”) which cover the customer’s full enterprise and are exclusive agreements with set terms and rates for all geographic regions in which the Company operates. The NLSAs obligate the customers to use the Company’s facilities and services across the U.S. The company’s NLSAs have an average set term of two to three years.

Certain other customers are subject to lease and services agreements (“LSAs”) which are more limited in geographic scope and cover only specified areas with the same structural commercial terms as the NLSAs. The LSAs have terms that range from six to thirty six months and generally do not have termination provisions in favor of the customer.

The company also has master services agreements (“MSAs”) with certain customers which are typically exclusive arrangements without the committed component of the NLSAs and LSAs and no minimum contractual liability for the customer.

The Company’s operations in the Government segment includes the South Texas Family Residential Center pursuant to a contractual arrangement (the “Family Residential Center Contract” or “FRCC”) with a national provider of migrant

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programming (the “FRCC Partner”). This FRCC provides for the Company’s sublease and ongoing operation of the South Texas Family Residential Center through September 2026.

Our FRCC Partner depends on the U.S. government and its funding. Any impasse or delay in reaching a federal budget agreement, debt ceiling or government shutdowns, and the subsequent lack of funding to the applicable government entity, could result in material payment delays, payment reductions or contract terminations. The government may terminate the contract with our FRCC Partner for convenience on 90 days’ notice; in the event this should occur, our FRCC Partner may terminate its agreement with us upon 60 days’ notice.

Other Government Segment LSA

The Company also operates several facilities in connection with a lease and services agreement with a leading national nonprofit organization (“NNO Partner”), backed by a committed United States Government contract, to provide a suite of comprehensive service offerings in support of their humanitarian aid efforts.  The contract, including subsequent change orders and amendments, has a value of approximately $129 million and is fully committed over its initial one-year term, which commenced March 18, 2021. The Company continues to have active discussions with our NNO Partner regarding extending the contract. These discussions include a variety of possible outcomes, including options for multiyear terms and expansion opportunities considerably greater than the current contract. The renewal discussions, and requisite notice and approval procedures, have progressed in normal business course and the Company remains confident of a successful outcome to these discussions and the continuation of its critical humanitarian support.  

Our NNO Partner depends on the U.S. government and its funding. Any impasse or delay in reaching a federal budget agreement, debt ceiling or government shutdowns, and the subsequent lack of funding to the applicable government entity, could result in material payment delays, payment reductions or contract terminations. The government may terminate this contract with our NNO Partner for convenience; in the event this should occur, our NNO Partner may terminate its agreement with us for convenience.  

Regulatory and Environmental Compliance

Our business and the businesses of the Company’s customers can be affected significantly by federal, state, municipal and local laws and regulations relating to the natural resource and mining industries, food safety and environmental protection. The Company incurs significant costs to comply with these laws and regulations in operating its business. However, changes in these laws, including more stringent regulations and increased levels of enforcement of these laws and regulations, or new interpretations thereof, and the development of new laws and regulations could impact the Company’s business and result in increased compliance or operating costs associated with its or its customers’ operations.

In addition, our customers include U.S. government contractors, which means that we may, indirectly, be subject to various statutes and regulations applicable to doing business with the U.S. government. U.S. government contracts and grants normally contain additional requirements that may increase our costs of doing business, reduce our profits, and expose us to liability for failure to comply with these terms and conditions. If we fail to maintain compliance with these requirements, our contracts may be subject to termination, and we may be subject to financial and/or other liability under its contracts or under the Federal Civil False Claims Act (the “False Claims Act”).

To the extent that these laws and regulations impose more stringent requirements or increased costs or delays upon the Company’s customers in the performance of their operations, the resulting demand for the Company’s services by those customers may be adversely affected. Moreover, climate change laws or regulations could increase the cost of consuming, and thereby reduce demand for natural resources, which could reduce the Company’s customers’ demand for its services. The Company cannot predict changes in the level of enforcement of existing laws and regulations, how these laws and regulations may be interpreted or the effect changes in these laws and regulations may have on the Company or its

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customers or on our future operations or earnings. The Company also cannot predict the extent to which new laws and regulations will be adopted or whether such new laws and regulations may impose more stringent or costly restrictions on its customers or its operations.

Human Capital

The Company’s key human capital management objectives are to attract, retain and develop talent to deliver on the Company’s strategy. To support these objectives, the Company’s human resources programs are designed to: keep employees safe and healthy; enhance the Company’s culture through efforts aimed at making the workplace more inclusive; acquire and retain diverse talent; reward and support employees through competitive pay and benefit programs; develop talent to prepare them for critical roles and leadership positions; and facilitate internal talent mobility to create a high-performing workforce.

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The Company employed approximately 823 people as of December 31, 2021. Our workforce is comprised of all full-time employees. Of the total population as of December 31, 2021, approximately 410 of our employees worked in the HFS - South segment, approximately 20 of our employees worked in the HFS - Midwest segment, no employees worked in the TCPL Keystone segment, approximately 320 of our employees worked in the Government segment, and approximately 19 of our employees worked in the All Other segment. The remaining 54 employees worked in Corporate. None of the Company’s employees are unionized or members of collective bargaining arrangements.

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The Company focuses on the following in managing its human capital:

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•Health and safety: We have a safety program that focuses on implementing management systems, policies and training programs and performing assessments to see that workers are trained properly, and that injuries and incidents are prevented. All of our employees are empowered with stop-work authority which enables them to immediately stop any unsafe or potentially hazardous working condition or behavior they may observe. We utilize a mixture of indicators to assess the safety performance of our operations, including total recordable injury rate, preventable motor vehicle incidents and corrective actions. We also recognize outstanding safety behaviors through us at the local community level.  Importantly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, our continuing focus on health and safety enabled us to preserve business continuity without sacrificing our commitment to keeping our colleagues safe.

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•Employee wellness: The Company’s Safe & Healthy program is a comprehensive approach to wellness that encourages healthy behaviors and is intended to raise morale, productivity, and overall employee engagement. The program includes a health assessment, no cost preventive care through the medical plan, two personal paid days off to be used for a physical and mental health, tobacco cessation support through our medical insurance carrier, and an employee assistance program. Approximately 36% of eligible employees participated in the Health & Safety program in 2021.

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•Inclusion and diversity (“I&D”): Inclusion is how we foster an environment where various backgrounds are celebrated and encouraged to grow and learn by valuing the skills and expertise a diverse workforce provides. We believe that an inclusive and a diverse team is key to the success of our culture and aim to drive I&D initiatives. The Company’s I&D initiatives are operationalized through three core elements: (1) senior management’s endorsement of and alignment with the programs; (2) focused efforts in increasing diversity in the talent pipeline and our hiring; (3) creating an inclusive work environment where differences are welcomed..  In addition, the Company has made hiring and supporting veterans and minorities, especially in leadership roles, a priority. The Company analyzes diversity in the workforce on at least an annual basis and develops action plans from the results to spark dialogue among employees and leaders in an effort to build a more inclusive, diverse and empowered culture at the Company. As of December 31, 2021, women constituted approximately 38% of our workforce and self-identified racial or ethnic minorities represented 75% of our workforce. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion are core to our culture, and we believe that a diverse workforce is critical to our success.

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•Compensation programs and employee benefits: Our compensation and benefits programs provide a package designed to attract, retain and motivate employees. In addition to competitive base salaries, the Company provides a variety of short-term, long-term, and commission-based incentive compensation programs to reward performance relative to key financial, human capital and customer experience metrics. We offer comprehensive benefit options including retirement savings plans, medical insurance, prescription drug benefits, dental insurance, vision insurance, accident and critical illness insurance, life and disability insurance, health savings accounts, flexible spending accounts, legal insurance, auto/home insurance and identity theft insurance.

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•Employee experience and retention: To evaluate our employee experience and retention efforts, we monitor a number of employee measures, such as employee retention. To provide an open and frequent line of communication for all employees, we encourage staff meetings at every lodge.

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•Training and development: The Company is committed to the continued development of its people. We aim for all applicable new hires to attend new hire orientation training within 90 days of hire, which training was delivered virtually during most of 2021. Additionally, we offer a wide array of training solutions (classroom, hands-on and e-learning) for our employees. In 2021, our employees enhanced their skills through training, including safety training, leadership training and equipment-related training from our suppliers. Our performance process encourages performance and development check-ins throughout the year to provide for development at all levels across the Company.

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Intellectual Property

Target Hospitality owns a number of trademarks important to the business. Its material trademarks are registered or pending registration in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The business operates primarily under the Target Hospitality brand.

Properties

Corporate Headquarters

Target Hospitality’s headquarters are located in The Woodlands, Texas. Its executive, financial, accounting, legal, administrative, management information systems and human resources functions operate from this single, leased office.

For a list of real property owned material to the operations of Target Hospitality, refer to Part I Item 2 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Communities/Owned and Leased Real Estate

Target Hospitality operates 28 communities, of which it owns the underlying real property of 43%, leases the underlying real property of 39%, and both owns and leases the underlying real property of 7%. The remaining 11% are customer sites.

Available Information

Our website address is www.targethospitality.com. We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an internet website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding Target Hospitality Corp.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risk Factors Summary

Below is a summary of the principal factors that make an investment in our common stock speculative or risky. This summary does not address all of the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized in this risk factor summary, and other risks that we face, can be found immediately following this summary and should be carefully considered, together with other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC before making an investment decision regarding our common stock.  

Operational Risks

Financial Accounting Risks

Social, Political and Regulatory Risks

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Growth, Development and Financing Risks

Information Technology and Privacy Risks

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

Risk Factors

Operational Risks

Our operations are and will be exposed to operational economic, political and regulatory risks.

Our operations could be affected by economic, political and regulatory risks. These risks include:

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These and other risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on business and economic conditions and government requirements could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We are subject to risks related to public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the various measures that are implemented to protect public health, which can adversely affect the economy and financial markets. We have implemented business continuity plans to continue to provide specialty rental and hospitality services to our customers and to support our operations, while taking health and safety measures such as incentivizing employee vaccination, implementing worker distancing measures and masking measures and using a remote workforce where possible. There can be no assurance that the continued spread of COVID-19, or any future health public crisis, and efforts to contain such public health crisis (including, but not limited to, vaccination, social distancing and masking policies, restrictions on travel and reduced operations) will not materially impact our results of operations and financial position. In particular, the continued spread of COVID-19 and its variants and efforts to contain the virus could:

Additionally, on September 9, 2021, President Biden released his COVID-19 Action Plan, Path Out of the Pandemic (the “Plan”), with the stated goal of getting more people vaccinated.  As part of the Plan, President Biden signed Executive Order 14042, Ensuring Adequate COVID Safety Protocols for Federal Contractors (the “Order”). Pursuant to the Order, on September 24, 2021, the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (the “Task Force”) released guidance for U.S. Government contractors and their subcontractors, which includes us, including mandatory vaccination of all employees working on or for a government contract, either directly or indirectly, by January 4, 2022 (subject to medical and religious exemptions). We have been put on notice by our Government Segment partners of the COVID-19 vaccination requirement for their subcontractors. The Order has been challenged in court and its ultimate status is uncertain.  

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It is not currently possible to predict with any certainty the outcome of the legal challenges of the Order, or the requirements for U.S. Government contractors and their subcontractors. Any requirement to mandate COVID-19 vaccination of our workforce or require our unvaccinated employees to be tested weekly could result in employee attrition and difficulty securing future labor needs, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, any requirement to impose obligations on our suppliers under the Order could impact the price and continuity of supply of materials and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.

We face significant competition as a provider of specialty rental and hospitality services in the specialty rental sector. If we are unable to compete successfully, we could lose customers and our revenue and profitability could decline.

Although our competition varies significantly by market, the specialty rental and hospitality services industry, in general, is highly competitive. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including equipment availability, quality, price, service, reliability, appearance, functionality and delivery terms. We may experience pricing pressures in our operations in the future as some of our competitors seek to obtain market share by reducing prices. We may also face reduced demand for our products and services if our competitors are able to provide new or innovative products or services that better appeal to our potential customers. In each of our current markets, we face competition from national, regional and local companies who have an established market position in the specific service area. We expect to encounter similar competition in any new markets that we may enter. Some of our competitors may have greater market share, less indebtedness, greater pricing flexibility, more attractive product or service offerings, or superior marketing and financial resources. Increased competition could result in lower profit margins, substantial pricing pressure, and reduced market share. Price competition, together with other forms of competition, may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We depend on several significant customers. The loss of one or more such customers or the inability of one or more such customers to meet their obligations could adversely affect our results of operations.

We depend on several significant customers. For the year ended December 31, 2021, our 5 largest customers accounted for 68.2% of our total revenue. For a more detailed explanation of our customers, see the section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Business.” The loss of any one of our largest customers in any of our business segments or a sustained decrease in demand by any of such customers could result in a substantial loss of revenues and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, the concentration of customers in the industries in which we operate may impact our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that customers may be similarly affected by changes in economic, political and industry conditions.

As a result of our customer concentration, risks of nonpayment and nonperformance by our counterparties are a concern in our business. We are subject to risks of loss resulting from nonpayment or nonperformance by our customers. Failure to manage our credit risk and receive timely payments on our customer accounts receivable may result in the write-off of customer receivables. If we are not able to manage credit risk, or if a number of significant customers should have financial difficulties at the same time, our credit and equipment losses would increase above historical levels. If this should occur, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. The inability or failure of our significant customers to meet their obligations to us or their insolvency or liquidation may adversely affect our financial results.

Our business depends on the quality and reputation of the Company and its communities. Any deterioration in the quality and reputation of the Company or public resistance, potential legal challenges to, and increasing scrutiny of our industry, could affect our ability to obtain new contracts or result in the loss of existing contracts and negatively impact our brand or reputation, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many factors can influence our reputation and the value of our communities, including quality of services, food quality and safety, availability and management of scarce natural resources, supply chain management, diversity, human rights and support for local communities. In addition, events that may be beyond our control could affect the reputation of one or more of our communities or more generally impact the reputation of the Company, including protests directed at government immigration policies, violent incidents at one or more communities or other sites or criminal activity.

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Reputational value is also based on perceptions, and broad access to social media makes it easy for anyone to provide public feedback that can influence perceptions of Target Hospitality and its communities, and it may be difficult to control or effectively manage negative publicity, regardless of whether it is accurate. While reputations may take decades to build, negative incidents can quickly erode trust and confidence, particularly if they result in adverse mainstream and social media publicity, governmental investigations or penalties, or litigation. Negative incidents could lead to tangible adverse effects on our business, including customer boycotts, loss of customers, loss of development opportunities or employee retention and recruiting difficulties. A decline in the reputation or perceived quality of our communities or corporate image could negatively affect its market share, reputation, business, financial condition or results of operations.

Increased public resistance, including negative media attention and public opinion, to the use of private companies for the management and operation of facilities supporting immigration, may negatively impact our brand and the public perception of the Company. Maintaining and promoting our brand will depend largely on our ability to differentiate ourselves from the direct participants in the ongoing conflict around immigration policy. If we are portrayed negatively in the press or associated with the ongoing social and political debates around immigration policy, our public image and reputation could be irreparably tarnished and our brand could be harmed. If we are unable to counter such negative media attention effectively, investors may lose confidence in our business, which could result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock, and our business could be materially adversely affected.

Furthermore, our relationship with the U.S. government subjects us and our government contractor customers to unique risks such as unanticipated increased costs and litigation that could materially adversely affect our or their business, financial condition, or results of operations. These operational risks and others associated with privately managing residential facilities could result in higher costs associated with staffing and lead to increased litigation. Lawsuits, to which we are not a party, have challenged the government's policy of detaining migrant families, and government policies with respect to family immigration may impact the demand for our facilities. Any court decision or government action that impacts our customers’ existing contracts with the government could impact our subcontracts for the facilities and result in a reduction in demand for our services or reputational damage to us, and require us to devote a significant amount of time and expense to the defense of our operations and reputation, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenue from the Government segment. The loss of, or a significant decrease in revenues from, any customer in this concentrated segment could seriously harm our financial condition and results of operations.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from our subcontracts with government contractors. These revenues depend on the U.S. government and its contractors receiving sufficient funding and providing it with timely payment under the terms of our contracts. If the applicable government entity does not receive sufficient appropriations to cover its contractual obligations, it may delay or reduce payment to its contractors and, as a result, our government contractor customers may delay or reduce payments to or terminate their contracts with us. Any future impasse or struggle impacting the federal government’s ability to reach agreement on the federal budget, debt ceiling or any future federal government shut downs could result in material payment delays, payment reductions or contract terminations. Additionally, our current and potential future government contractor customers may request in the future that we reduce our contract rates or forego increases to those rates as a way for those contractors to control costs and help their government customers to control their spending and address their budgetary shortfalls. For additional information regarding our operation of the Government segment, see “Business—Business Operations—Government” elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

The U.S. government and, by extension, our U.S. government contractor customers, may also from time to time adopt, implement or modify certain policies or directives that may adversely affect our business. For example, while the U.S. government is currently using private immigration sites like the South Texas Family Residential Center, federal, state or local governmental partners may in the future choose to undertake a review of their utilization of privately operated facilities, or may cancel or decide not to renew existing contracts with their government contractors, who may, in turn, cancel or decide not to renew their contracts with us. Changes in government policy, presidential administration or other changes in the political landscape relating to immigration policies may similarly result in a decline in our revenues in the Government segment. In addition, lawsuits, to which we are not a party, have challenged the U.S. government’s policy of detaining migrant families, and government policies with respect to immigration may impact the demand for our facilities

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and any facilities that we may operate in the future. Any court decision or government action that impacts our existing contracts or any future contracts for similar facilities could materially affect our cash flows, financial condition and results of operations. Further, we may not be able to renew our agreements with the government contractors or enter new agreements with these contractors. Any renewals or new agreements we may enter may be on terms that are materially less favorable to us than those in our current agreements.

Our natural resource development customers are exposed to a number of unique operating risks and challenges which could also adversely affect us.

Demand for our services is sensitive to the level of exploration, development and production activity of, and the corresponding capital spending by, natural resource development companies. The natural resource development industries’ willingness to explore, develop, and produce depends largely upon the availability of attractive resource prospects and the prevailing view of their future cash flows. Prices for energy products can be subject to large fluctuations in response to changes in the supply of and demand for these commodities, market uncertainty, and a variety of other factors that are beyond our control. This volatility causes natural resource development companies to change their strategies and expenditure levels. Accordingly, we could be impacted by disruptions to our customers’ operations caused by, among other things, any one of or all of the following singularly or in combination:

The carrying value of our communities could be reduced by extended periods of limited or no activity by our customers, which would require us to record impairment charges equal to the excess of the carrying value of the communities over

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fair value. We may incur asset impairment charges in the future, which charges may affect negatively our results of operations and financial condition as well as our borrowing base.

Our business is contract intensive. Servicing existing contracts may lead to customer disputes or delays in receipt of payments, and failure to retain our current customers, renew existing customer contracts, and obtain new customer contracts, or the termination of existing contracts, could adversely affect our business.

Our business is contract intensive and we are party to many contracts with customers. We periodically review our compliance with contract terms and provisions. If customers were to dispute our contract determinations, the resolution of such disputes in a manner adverse to our interests could negatively affect sales and operating results. In the past, our customers have withheld payment due to contract or other disputes, which has delayed our receipt of payments. While we do not believe any reviews, audits, delayed payments, or other such matters should result in material adjustments, if a large number of our customer arrangements were modified or payments withheld in response to any such matter, the effect could be materially averse to our business or results of operations.

Our success depends on our ability to retain our current customers, renew or replace our existing customer contracts, and obtain new business. Our ability to do so generally depends on a variety of factors, including overall customer expenditure levels and the quality, price and responsiveness of our services, as well as our ability to market these services effectively and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain new business, renew existing customer contracts at the same or higher levels of pricing, or at all, or that our current customers will not turn to competitors, cease operations, elect to self-operate, or terminate contracts with us. In the context of a potential depressed commodity price environment, our customers may not renew contracts on terms favorable to us or, in some cases, at all, and we may have difficulty obtaining new business. As a result, our customers may choose to terminate their contracts. The likelihood that a customer may seek to terminate a contract is increased during periods of market weakness as we encountered with various customers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, if any of our customers fail to reach final investment decisions with respect to projects for which such customers have already awarded us contracts to provide related accommodations, those customers may terminate such contracts. Customer contract cancellations, the failure to renew a significant number of our existing contracts, or the failure to obtain new business would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be adversely affected if customers reduce their specialty rental and hospitality services outsourcing.

Our business and growth strategies depend in large part on customers outsourcing some or all of the services that we provide. We cannot be certain that these customer preferences for outsourcing will continue or that customers that have outsourced accommodations will not decide to perform these functions themselves or only outsource accommodations during the development or construction phases of their projects. In addition, labor unions representing customer employees and contractors may oppose outsourcing accommodations to the extent that the unions believe that third-party accommodations negatively impact union membership and recruiting. The reversal or reduction in customer outsourcing of accommodations could negatively impact our financial results and growth prospects.

Our operations could be subject to natural disasters and other business disruptions, which could materially adversely affect our future revenue and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses.

Our operations could be subject to natural disasters and other business disruptions such as fires, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, outbreaks of epidemic or pandemic disease and terrorism, which could adversely affect its future revenue and financial condition and increase its costs and expenses. For example, extreme weather, particularly periods of high rainfall, hail, tornadoes, or extreme cold, in any of the areas in which we operate may cause delays in our community construction activities or result in the cessation of customer operations at one or more communities for an extended period of time. See “Risk Factors—We are exposed to various possible claims relating to our business and our insurance may not fully protect us.” See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Natural Disasters or Other Significant Disruption.” In addition, the occurrence and threat of terrorist attacks may directly or indirectly affect economic conditions, which could in turn adversely affect demand for our communities and services. In the event of a major natural or man-made disaster, we could experience loss of life of our employees, destruction of our communities or other sites, or business interruptions, any of which may materially adversely

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affect our business. If any of our communities were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could disrupt our operations, delay services, staffing and revenue recognition, and result in expenses to repair or replace the damaged facility not covered by asset, liability, business continuity or other insurance contracts. Also, we could face significant increases in premiums or losses of coverage due to the loss experienced during and associated with these and potential future natural or man-made disasters that may materially adversely affect our business. In addition, attacks or armed conflicts that directly impact one or more of our properties or facilities could significantly affect our ability to operate those properties or communities and thereby impair our results of operations.

More generally, any of these events could cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility in the global economy and worldwide financial markets. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Construction risks exist which may adversely affect our results of operations.

There are a number of general risks that might impinge on companies involved in the development, construction and installation of facilities as a prerequisite to the management of those assets in an operational sense. We are exposed to the following risks in connection with our construction activities:

Demand for our products and services is sensitive to changes in demand within a number of key industry end-markets and geographic regions.

Our financial performance is dependent on the level of demand for our facilities and services, which is sensitive to the level of demand within various sectors, in particular, the natural resource development and government end-markets. Each of these sectors is influenced not only by the state of the general global economy but by a number of more specific factors as well. For example, demand for workforce accommodations within the natural resources sector may be materially adversely affected by a decline in global commodity prices. Demand for our facilities and services may also vary among different localities or regions. The levels of activity in these sectors and geographic regions may also be cyclical, and we may not be able to predict the timing, extent or duration of the activity cycles in the markets in which we or our key customers operate. A decline or slowed growth in any of these sectors or geographic regions could result in reduced

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demand for our products and services, which may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Certain of our major communities are located on land subject to leases. If we are unable to renew a lease, we could be materially and adversely affected.

Certain of our major communities are located on land subject to leases. Accordingly, while we own the accommodations assets, we only own a leasehold interest in those properties. If we are found to be in breach of a lease, we could lose the right to use the property. In addition, unless we can extend the terms of these leases before their expiration, as to which no assurance can be given, we will lose our right to operate our facilities located on these properties upon expiration of the leases. In that event, we would be required to remove our accommodations assets and remediate the site. Generally, our leases have an average term of three years and generally contain unilateral renewal provisions for up to seven additional years. We can provide no assurances that we will be able to renew our leases upon expiration on similar terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew leases on similar terms, it may have an adverse effect on our business.

Third parties may fail to provide necessary services and materials for our communities and other sites.

We are often dependent on third parties to supply services and materials for our communities and other sites. We typically do not enter into long-term contracts with third-party suppliers. We may experience supply problems as a result of logistical, financial or operating difficulties or the failure or consolidation of our suppliers. We may also experience supply problems as a result of shortages and discontinuations resulting from product obsolescence or other shortages or allocations by suppliers. Unfavorable economic conditions may also adversely affect our suppliers or the terms on which we purchase products. In the future, we may not be able to negotiate arrangements with third parties to secure products and services that we require in sufficient quantities or on reasonable terms. If we cannot negotiate arrangements with third parties to produce or supply our products or if the third parties fail to produce our products to our specifications or in a timely manner, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

It may become difficult for us to find and retain qualified employees, and failure to do so could impede our ability to execute our business plan and growth strategy.

One of the most important factors in our ability to provide reliable and quality services and profitably execute our business plan is our ability to attract, develop and retain qualified personnel. The competition for qualified personnel in the industries in which we operate is intense and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to attract and retain all personnel necessary for the development and operation of our business. In periods of higher activity, it may become more difficult to find and retain qualified employees which could limit growth, increase operating costs, or have other material adverse effects on our operations. In addition, labor shortages, the inability to hire or retain qualified employees nationally, regionally or locally or increased labor costs could have a material adverse effect on our ability to control expenses and efficiently conduct operations.

Many of our key executives, managers, and employees have knowledge and an understanding of our business and our industry that cannot be readily duplicated and they are the key individuals that interface with customers. In addition, the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel is dependent on the availability of qualified personnel, the impact on the labor supply due to general economic or political conditions, and the ability to provide a competitive compensation package.

Significant increases in operating costs, including raw material and labor costs, could increase our operating costs significantly and harm our profitability.

We incur labor costs and purchase raw materials, including steel, lumber, siding and roofing, fuel and other products to construct and perform periodic repairs, modifications and refurbishments to maintain physical conditions of our facilities as well as the construction of our communities and other sites. The volume, timing, and mix of such work may vary quarter-to-quarter and year- to-year. Generally, increases in labor and raw material costs will increase the acquisition costs of new facilities and also increase the construction, repair, and maintenance costs of our facilities. During periods of rising prices for labor or raw materials, and in particular, when the prices increase rapidly or to levels significantly higher than

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normal, we may incur significant increases in our costs for new facilities and incur higher operating costs that we may not be able to recoup from customers through changes in pricing, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our profitability can also be adversely affected to the extent we are faced with cost increases for food, wages and other labor related expenses, insurance, fuel and utilities, especially to the extent we are unable to recover such increased costs through increases in the prices for our services, due to one or more of general economic conditions, competitive conditions or contractual provisions in our customer contracts. Substantial increases in the cost of fuel and utilities have historically resulted in cost increases in our communities. From time to time we have experienced increases in our food costs. In addition, food prices can fluctuate as a result of inflation, foreign exchange rates and temporary changes in supply, including as a result of incidences of severe weather such as droughts, heavy rains, and late freezes. We may be unable to fully recover costs, and such increases would negatively impact its profitability on contracts that do not contain such inflation protections.

Our future operating results may fluctuate, fail to match past performance, or fail to meet expectations.

Our operating results may fluctuate, fail to match past performance, or fail to meet the expectations of analysts and investors. Our financial results may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to:

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As a result of these factors, our historical financial results are not necessarily indicative of our future results.

We are exposed to various possible claims relating to our business, and our insurance may not fully protect us.

We are exposed to various possible claims relating to our business, and our operations are subject to many hazards. In the ordinary course of business, we may become the subject of various claims, lawsuits, and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other remedies concerning our commercial operations, products, employees, and other matters, including occasional claims by individuals alleging exposure to hazardous materials as a result of our products or operations. Some of these claims relate to the activities of businesses that we have acquired, even though these activities may have occurred prior to our acquisition of such businesses.

Our insurance policies have deductibles or self-insured retentions which would require us to expand amounts prior to taking advantage of coverage limits. We believe that we have adequate insurance coverage for the protection of our assets and operations. However, our insurance may not fully protect us for certain types of claims such as dishonest, fraudulent, criminal or malicious acts; terrorism, war, hostile or warlike action during a time of peace; automobile physical damage; natural disasters; and certain cyber-crime. A judgment could be rendered against us in cases in which we could be uninsured and beyond the amounts that we currently have reserved or anticipate incurring for such matters. Even a partially uninsured or underinsured claim, if successful and of significant size, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or consolidated financial position. The specifications and insured limits under those policies, however, may be insufficient for such claims. We also face the following other risks related to our insurance coverage, including we may not be able to continue to obtain insurance on commercially reasonable terms; the counterparties to our insurance contracts may pose credit risks; and we may incur losses from interruption of our business that exceed our insurance coverage each of which, individually or in the aggregate, could materially and adversely impact our business/ Further, due to rising insurance costs and changes in the insurance markets, we cannot provide any assurance that our insurance coverage will continue to be available at all or at rates or on terms similar to those presently available.

Financial Accounting Risks

If we determine that our goodwill and intangible assets have become impaired, we may incur impairment charges, which would negatively impact our reported operating results.

We have goodwill, which represents the excess of the total purchase price of our acquisitions over the fair value of the assets acquired, and other intangible assets. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $41.0 million and $88.5 million of goodwill and other intangible assets, net, respectively, in our statement of financial position, which represents approximately 8.0% and 17.2% of total assets, respectively. We review goodwill and intangible assets at least annually for impairment. In the event impairment is identified, a charge to earnings would be recorded. Impairment may result from significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired asset, negative industry or economic trends and significant underperformance relative to historic or projected operating results. Any impairment charges could adversely affect our reported results of operations and financial condition.

The valuation of our Private Warrants could increase the volatility in our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

The change in fair value of our Private Warrants is the result of changes in stock price and Private Warrants outstanding at each reporting period. Our Private Warrants are required to be carried at fair value, with changes in the valuation impacting net income (loss).  The Private Warrants are valued using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model under which fair value is impacted by various assumptions, including the volatility of stock prices.  Significant changes to our stock

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price or number of Private Warrants outstanding may adversely affect our net income (loss) in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Social, Political, Regulatory and Litigation Risks

A failure to maintain food safety or comply with government regulations related to food and beverages may subject us to liability.

Claims of illness or injury relating to food quality or food handling are common in the food service industry, and a number of these claims may exist at any given time. Because food safety issues could be experienced at the source or by food suppliers or distributors, food safety could, in part, be out of our control. Regardless of the source or cause, any report of food-borne illness or other food safety issues such as food tampering or contamination at one of our locations could adversely impact our reputation, hindering our ability to renew contracts on favorable terms or to obtain new business, and have a negative impact on our sales. Future food product recalls and health concerns associated with food contamination may also increase our raw materials costs and, from time to time, disrupt its business.

A variety of regulations at various governmental levels relating to the handling, preparation, and serving of food (including, in some cases, requirements relating to the temperature of food), and the cleanliness of food production facilities and the hygiene of food-handling personnel are enforced primarily at the local public health department level. We cannot assure you that we are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations at all times or that we will be able to comply with any future laws and regulations. Furthermore, legislation and regulatory attention to food safety is very high. Additional or amended regulations in this area may significantly increase the cost of compliance or expose us to liabilities.

If we are unable to maintain food safety or comply with government regulations related to food and beverages, the effect could be materially averse to our business or results of operations.

Unanticipated changes in our tax obligations, the adoption of a new tax legislation, or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect profitability.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States. Our tax liabilities are affected by the amounts charged for inventory, services, funding, and other intercompany transactions. Tax authorities may disagree with our intercompany charges, cross- jurisdictional transfer pricing or other tax positions and assess additional taxes. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of examinations in order to determine the appropriateness of its tax provision. However, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of potential examinations, and the amounts ultimately paid upon resolution of examinations could be materially different from the amounts previously included in our income tax provision and, therefore, could have a material impact on its results of operations and cash flows. In addition, our future effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes to its operating structure, changes in the mix of earnings in countries and/or states with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, changes in tax laws, and the discovery of new information in the course of our tax return preparation process.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2021, we had U.S. net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $147.7 million for U.S. federal income tax purposes, available to offset future taxable income, prior to consideration of annual limitations that may be imposed under Section 382 (“Section 382”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Approximately $2.3 million of these tax loss carryovers expire in 2038. The remaining $145.4 million of tax loss carryovers do not expire.

Our NOL is limited and could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities. Under Section 382 and corresponding provisions of U.S. state law, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50% change, by value, in its equity ownership over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOLs and other applicable pre-change tax attributes, such as research and development tax credits, to offset its post-change income may be limited. We have completed a Section 382 analysis and determined our ability to derive any benefit from our various federal or state tax attribute carryforwards is not currently limited. If this situation changes, our

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ability to use our pre-change NOL carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us. In addition, at the state level, there may be periods during which the use of NOLs is suspended or otherwise limited, which could accelerate or permanently increase state taxes owed.

Lastly, we may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our share ownership, some of which may be outside of our control. If we determine that an ownership change has occurred and our ability to use our historical NOLs is materially limited, it may result in increased future tax obligations.

We may be unable to recognize deferred tax assets and, as a result, lose future tax savings, which could have a negative impact on our liquidity and financial position.

We recognize deferred tax assets primarily related to deductible temporary differences based on our assessment that the item will be utilized against future taxable income and the benefit will be sustained upon ultimate settlement with the applicable taxing authority. Such deductible temporary differences primarily relate to tax loss carryforwards and deferred revenue. Tax loss carryforwards arising in a given tax jurisdiction may be carried forward to offset taxable income in future years from such tax jurisdiction and reduce or eliminate income taxes otherwise payable on such taxable income, subject to certain limitations. We may have to write down, via a valuation allowance, the carrying amount of certain of the deferred tax assets to the extent we determine it is not probable such deferred tax assets will continue to be recognized.

In the event that we do not have sufficient taxable income in future years to use the tax benefits before they expire, the benefit may be permanently lost. In addition, the taxing authorities could challenge our calculation of the amount of our tax attributes, which could reduce certain of our recognized tax benefits. In addition, tax laws in certain jurisdictions may limit the ability to use carryforwards upon a change in control.

We are subject to various laws and regulations including those governing our contractual relationships with the U.S. government and U.S. government contractors and the health and safety of our workforce and our customers. Obligations and liabilities under these laws and regulations may materially harm our business.

Our customers include U.S. government contractors, which means that we may, indirectly, be subject to various statutes and regulations applicable to doing business with the U.S. government. These types of contracts customarily contain provisions that give the U.S. government substantial rights and remedies, many of which are not typically found in commercial contracts and which are unfavorable to contractors, including provisions that allow the government to unilaterally terminate or modify our customers’ federal government contracts, in whole or in part, at the government’s convenience. Under general principles of U.S. government contracting law, if the government terminates a contract for convenience, the terminated party may generally recover only its incurred or committed costs and settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates a contract for default, the defaulting party may be liable for any extra costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items from another source. In addition, our or our customers’ failure to comply with these laws and regulations might result in administrative penalties or the suspension of our customers’ government contracts or debarment and, as a result, the loss of the related revenue which would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are not aware of any action contemplated by any regulatory authority related to any possible non-compliance by or in connection with our operations.

In addition, U.S. government contracts and grants normally contain additional requirements that may increase our costs of doing business, reduce our profits, and expose us to liability for failure to comply with these terms and conditions. These requirements include, for example:

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If we fail to maintain compliance with these requirements, our contracts may be subject to termination, and we may be subject to financial and/or other liability under its contracts or under the False Claims Act. The False Claims Act’s “whistleblower” provisions allow private individuals, including present and former employees, to sue on behalf of the U.S. government. The False Claims Act statute provides for treble damages and other penalties and, if our operations are found to be in violation of the False Claims Act, we could face other adverse action, including suspension or prohibition from doing business with the United States government. Any penalties, fines, suspension or damages could adversely affect our financial results as well as our ability to operate our business.

Further, our operations are subject to an array of other governmental regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our activities are subject to regulation by several federal and state government agencies, including OSHA and by federal and state laws. Our operations and activities in other jurisdictions are subject to similar governmental regulations. Similar to conventionally constructed buildings, the workforce housing industry is also subject to regulations by multiple governmental agencies in each jurisdiction relating to, among others, environmental, zoning and building standards, and health, safety and transportation matters. Noncompliance with applicable regulations, implementation of new regulations or modifications to existing regulations may increase costs of compliance, require a termination of certain activities or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are subject to various anti-corruption laws and we may be subject to other liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to various anti-corruption laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials by a U.S. person for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our activities create the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees or agents that could be in violation of various laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”). We have implemented safeguards and policies to discourage these practices by our employees and agents. However, existing safeguards and any future improvements may prove to be ineffective and employees or agents may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible.

If employees violate our policies or we fail to maintain adequate record-keeping and internal accounting practices to accurately record its transactions, we may be subject to regulatory sanctions. Violations of the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions and penalties, including suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracting, and we may be subject to other liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are also subject to similar anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions.

We may be exposed to certain regulatory and financial risks related to climate change and other environmental laws and regulations.

All of our and our customers’ operations may be affected by federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the discharge of substances into the environment or otherwise relating to environmental protection. Among other things, these laws and regulations impose limitations and prohibitions on the discharge and emission of, and establish standards for the use, disposal and management of, regulated materials and waste, and impose liabilities for the costs of investigating and cleaning up, and damages resulting from, present and past spills, disposals or other releases of hazardous substances or materials. In the ordinary course of business, we use and generate substances that are regulated or may be hazardous under environmental laws. We have an inherent risk of liability under environmental laws and regulations, both with respect to ongoing operations and with respect to contamination that may have occurred in the past on our properties or as a result of our operations. From time to time, our operations or conditions on properties that we have acquired have resulted in liabilities under these environmental laws. We may in the future incur material costs to comply with environmental laws or sustain material liabilities from claims concerning noncompliance or contamination. We have no reserves for any such liabilities. Environmental laws and regulations are likely to change in the future under the Biden administration, possibly

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resulting in more stringent requirements. Our or any of our customers’ failure to comply with applicable environment laws and regulations may result in any of the following:

While it is not possible at this time to predict how environmental legislation may change or how new regulations that may be adopted would impact our business, any such future laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions for us or our customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business or demand for our services.

There are a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to address greenhouse gas emissions, which are in various phases of discussion or implementation. For example, on January 27, 2021, President Biden issued an executive order that commits to substantial action on climate change, calling for, among other things, an indefinite suspension of new oil and natural gas leases on public lands pending completion of a comprehensive review and reconsideration of federal energy and natural resource permitting and leasing practices.  It remains unclear what additional actions President Biden will take and what support he will have for any potential legislative changes from Congress. The outcome of U.S. federal, regional, provincial, and state actions to address global climate change could result in a variety of regulatory programs including potential new regulations, additional charges to fund energy efficiency activities, or other regulatory actions. These actions could:

Any adoption of these or similar proposals by U.S. federal, regional, provincial, or state governments mandating a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions could have far-reaching and significant impacts on the energy industry. Although it is not possible at this time to predict how legislation or new regulations that may be adopted to address greenhouse gas emissions would impact our business, any such future laws and regulations could result in increased compliance costs or additional operating restrictions, and could have a material adverse effect on our business or demand for our services. See “Business—Regulatory and Environmental Compliance” in this Form 10-K for a more detailed description of our climate-change related risks.

We may be subject to litigation, judgments, orders or regulatory proceedings that could materially harm our business.

We are subject to claims arising from disputes with customers, employees, vendors and other third parties in the normal course of business. The risks associated with any such disputes may be difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. If the plaintiffs in any suits against us were to successfully prosecute their claims, or if we were to settle such suits by making significant payments to the plaintiffs, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed. Even if the outcome of a claim proves favorable to us, litigation can be time consuming and costly and may divert management resources. To the extent that our senior executives are named in such lawsuits, our indemnification obligations could magnify the costs.

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We are subject to evolving public disclosure, financial reporting and corporate governance expectations and regulations that impact compliance costs and risks of noncompliance.

We are subject to changing rules and regulations promulgated by a number of governmental and self-regulatory organizations, including the SEC and Nasdaq, as well as evolving investor expectations around disclosures, financial reporting, corporate governance and environmental and social practices. These rules and regulations continue to evolve in scope and complexity, and many new requirements have been created in response to laws enacted by the U.S. and foreign governments, making compliance more difficult and uncertain. The increase in costs to comply with such evolving expectations, rules and regulations, as well as any risk of noncompliance, could adversely impact us.

Growth, Development and Financing Risks

We may not be able to successfully acquire and integrate new operations, which could cause our business to suffer.

We may not be able to successfully complete potential strategic acquisitions for various reasons. We anticipate that we will consider acquisitions in the future that meet our strategic growth plans. We cannot predict whether or when acquisitions will be completed, and we may face significant competition for certain acquisition targets. Acquisitions that are completed involve numerous risks, including the following:

In connection with acquisitions we may assume liabilities or acquire damaged assets, some of which may be unknown at the time of such acquisitions; record goodwill and non-amortizable intangible assets that will be subject to future impairment testing and potential periodic impairment charges; or incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets.

The condition and regulatory certification of any facilities or operations acquired is assessed as part of the acquisition due diligence. In some cases, facility condition or regulatory certification may be difficult to determine due to that facility being on lease at the time of acquisition and/or inadequate certification records. Facility acquisitions may therefore result in a rectification cost which may not have been factored into the acquisition price, impacting ability to deploy and ultimate profitability of the facility acquired.

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Acquisitions are inherently risky, and no assurance can be given that our future acquisitions will be successful or will not materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If we do not manage new markets effectively, some of our new communities and acquisitions may lose money or fail, and we may have to close unprofitable communities. Closing a community in such circumstances would likely result in additional expenses that would cause our operating results to suffer. To successfully manage growth, we will need to continue to identify additional qualified managers and employees to integrate acquisitions within our established operating, financial and other internal procedures and controls. We will also need to effectively motivate, train and manage our employees. Failure to successfully integrate recent and future acquisitions and new communities into existing operations could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Global, national or local economic movements could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We operate in the United States, but our business may be negatively impacted by economic movements or downturns in that market or in global markets generally, including those that could be caused by policy changes by the U.S. administration in areas such as trade and immigration. These adverse economic conditions may reduce commercial activity, cause disruption and volatility in global financial markets, and increase rates of default and bankruptcy. Reduced commercial activity has historically resulted in reduced demand for our products and services. For example, reduced commercial activity in the natural resource development sector in certain markets in which we operate may negatively impact our business. U.S. federal spending cuts or further limitations that may result from presidential or congressional action or inaction may also negatively impact our arrangements with government contractor customers. Disruptions in financial markets could negatively impact the ability of our customers to pay their obligations to us in a timely manner and increase our counterparty risk. If economic conditions worsen, we may face reduced demand and an increase, relative to historical levels, in the time it takes to receive customer payments. If we are not able to adjust our business in a timely and effective manner to changing economic conditions, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

Information Technology and Privacy Risks

Any failure of our management information systems could disrupt our business and result in decreased revenue and increased overhead costs.

We depend on our management information systems to actively manage our facilities and provide facility information, and availability of our services. These functions enhance our ability to optimize facility utilization, occupancy, costs of goods sold, and average daily rate. The failure of our management information systems to perform as anticipated could damage our reputation with our customers, disrupt our business or result in, among other things, decreased revenue and increased overhead costs. For example, an inaccurate utilization rate could cause us to fail to have sufficient inventory to meet consumer demand, resulting in decreased sales. Any such failure could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the delay or failure to implement information system upgrades and new systems effectively could disrupt our business, distract management’s focus and attention from business operations and growth initiatives, and increase our implementation and operating costs, any of which could materially adversely affect our operations and operating results. Furthermore, these technologies may require refinements and upgrades. The development and maintenance of these technologies may require significant investment by us. As various systems and technologies become outdated or new technology is required, we may not be able to replace or introduce them as quickly as needed or in a cost- effective and timely manner. As a result, we may not achieve the benefits we may have been anticipating from any new technology or system

Like other companies, our information systems may be vulnerable to a variety of interruptions due to events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches (including cyber-attacks), and other security issues. In addition, because our systems contain information about individuals and businesses, the failure to maintain the security of the data we hold, whether the result of our own error or the malfeasance or errors of others, could harm our reputation or give rise to legal liabilities leading to lower revenue, increased costs, regulatory sanctions, and other potential material adverse effects on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Our business could be negatively impacted by security threats, including cyber-security threats and other disruptions.

We face various security threats, including cyber-security threats to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or to render data or systems unusable; threats to the safety of our employees; threats to the security of our facilities and infrastructure or third- party facilities and infrastructure; and threats from terrorist acts. Although we utilize various procedures and controls to monitor these threats and mitigate our exposure to such threats, there can be no assurance that these procedures and controls will be sufficient in preventing security threats from materializing. If any of these events were to materialize, they could lead to losses of sensitive information, critical infrastructure, personnel or capabilities essential to our operations and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Cyber-security attacks in particular are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, and corruption of data. Even if we are fully compliant with legal standards and contractual or other requirements, we still may not be able to prevent security breaches involving sensitive data. Breaches, thefts, losses or fraudulent uses of customer, employee or company data could cause consumers to lose confidence in the security of our website, point of sale systems and other information technology systems and choose not to stay in our communities or contract with us in the future.

Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness

Our leverage may make it difficult for us to service our debt and operate our business.

As of December 31, 2021, we, through our wholly-owned indirect subsidiary, Arrow Bidco, had $340 million of total indebtedness consisting of $0 of borrowings under the ABL Facility and $340 million of our 2024 Senior Secured Notes.

Our leverage could have important consequences, including:

Our ability to meet our debt service obligations, including those under the ABL Facility and the Notes, or to refinance our debt depends on our future operating and financial performance, which will be affected by our ability to successfully implement our business strategy as well as general economic, financial, competitive, regulatory and other factors beyond our control. If our business does not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or if future borrowings are not available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before the maturity thereof, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments or seek to raise additional capital, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, we may not be able to affect any of these actions, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of our existing or future debt instruments may limit or prevent us

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from taking any of these actions. If we default on the payments required under the terms of certain of our indebtedness, that indebtedness, together with debt incurred pursuant to other debt agreements or instruments that contain cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions, may become payable on demand, and we may not have sufficient funds to repay all of our debts. As a result, our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt service obligations, or to refinance or restructure our obligations on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would have an adverse effect, which could be material, on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as on our ability to satisfy our debt obligations.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness (including additional secured obligations) in the future. Although the Indenture governing our 2024 Senior Secured Notes (defined below) and the ABL Facility contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of significant qualifications and exceptions, and under certain circumstances, the amount of indebtedness that could be incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. If new debt, including future additional secured obligations, is added to our and our subsidiaries’ existing debt levels, the related risks that we now face would increase.

Global capital and credit markets conditions could materially adversely affect our ability to access the capital and credit markets or the ability of key counterparties to perform their obligations to it.

In the future, we may need to raise additional funds to, among other things, refinance existing indebtedness, fund existing operations, improve or expand our operations, respond to competitive pressures or make acquisitions. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to achieve our business or strategic objectives or compete effectively. Our ability to pursue certain future opportunities may depend in part on our ongoing access to debt and equity capital markets. We cannot assure Noteholders that any such financing will be available on terms satisfactory to us or at all. If we are unable to obtain financing on acceptable terms, we may have to curtail our growth.

Economic disruptions affecting key counterparties could also have a material adverse effect on our business. We monitor the financial strength of our larger customers, derivative counterparties, lenders, and insurance carriers on a periodic basis using publicly-available information in order to evaluate its exposure to those who have or who it believes may likely experience significant threats to their ability to adequately perform their obligations to it. The information available will differ from counterparty to counterparty and may be insufficient for us to adequately interpret or evaluate our exposure and/or determine appropriate or timely responses.

We are, and may in the future become, subject to covenants that limit our operating and financial flexibility and, if we default under our debt covenants, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations.

The ABL Facility and the Indenture, as well as any instruments that will govern any future debt obligations, contain covenants that impose significant restrictions on the way the Arrow Bidco and its subsidiaries can operate, including restrictions on the ability to:

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Although these limitations will be subject to significant exceptions and qualifications, these covenants could limit our ability to finance future operations and capital needs and our ability to pursue acquisitions and other business activities that may be in our interest. Arrow Bidco’s ability to comply with these covenants and restrictions may be affected by events beyond our control. These include prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. If Arrow Bidco defaults on their obligations under the ABL Facility and the Indenture, then the relevant lenders or holders could elect to declare the debt, together with accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, if any, immediately due and payable and proceed against any collateral securing that debt. If the debt under the ABL Facility, the Indenture or any other material financing arrangement that we enter into were to be accelerated, our assets may be insufficient to repay in full the ABL Facility, the Notes and our other debt.

The ABL Facility also requires our subsidiaries to satisfy specified financial maintenance tests in the event that certain excess liquidity requirements are not satisfied. The ability to meet these tests could be affected by deterioration in our operating results, as well as by events beyond our control, including increases in raw materials prices and unfavorable economic conditions, and we cannot assure Noteholders that these tests will be met. If an event of default occurs under the ABL Facility, the lenders thereunder could terminate their commitments and declare all amounts borrowed, together with accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. Borrowings under other debt instruments that contain cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions also may be accelerated or become payable on demand. In these circumstances, Target Hospitality’s assets may not be sufficient to repay in full that indebtedness and its other indebtedness then outstanding.

The amount of borrowings permitted at any time under the ABL Facility will be subject to compliance with limits based on a periodic borrowing base valuation of the borrowing base assets thereunder. As a result, our access to credit under the ABL Facility will potentially be subject to significant fluctuations depending on the value of the borrowing base of eligible assets as of any measurement date, as well as certain discretionary rights of the agent in respect of the calculation of such borrowing base value. As a result of any change in valuation, the availability under the ABL Facility may be reduced, or we may be required to make a repayment of the ABL Facility, which may be significant. The inability to borrow under the ABL Facility or the use of available cash to repay the ABL Facility as a result of a valuation change may adversely affect our liquidity, results of operations and financial position.

Restrictions in Arrow Bidco’s existing and future debt agreements could limit our growth and our ability to respond to changing conditions.

The ABL Facility contains a number of significant covenants including covenants restricting the incurrence of additional debt. The credit agreement governing the ABL Facility requires Arrow Bidco, among other things, to maintain certain financial ratios or reduce our debt. These restrictions also limit our ability to obtain future financings to withstand a future downturn in its business or the economy in general, or to otherwise conduct necessary corporate activities. We may also be prevented from taking advantage of business opportunities that arise because of the limitations that the restrictive covenants under the ABL Facility and the indenture governing the Notes impose on it. In addition, complying with these covenants may also cause us to take actions that are not favorable to our securityholders and may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy and compete against companies that are not subject to such restrictions.

Credit rating downgrades could adversely affect our businesses, cash flows, financial condition and operating results.

Arrow Bidco’s credit ratings will impact the cost and availability of future borrowings, and, as a result, cost of capital. Arrow Bidco’s ratings reflect each rating agency’s opinion of our financial strength, operating performance and ability to

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meet our debt obligations. Each rating agency will review these ratings periodically and there can be no assurance that such ratings will be maintained in the future. A downgrade in Arrow Bidco’s rating could adversely affect our businesses, cash flows, financial condition and operating results.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock  

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significantly increased costs as a result of operating as a public company, and our management is required to devote substantial time to compliance efforts.

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant legal, accounting, insurance, and other expenses as a result of being a public company. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SOX”), as well as related rules implemented by the SEC, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. In addition, rules that the SEC is implementing or is required to implement pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act may require additional change. Compliance with these and other similar laws, rules and regulations, including compliance with Section 404 of SOX, will substantially increase our expenses, including legal and accounting costs, and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. It is possible that these expenses will exceed the increases projected by management. These laws, rules, and regulations may also make it more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage, which may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on its board of directors or as officers. Although the JOBS Act may, for a limited period of time, somewhat lessen the cost of complying with these additional regulatory and other requirements, we nonetheless expect a substantial increase in legal, accounting, insurance, and certain other expenses in the future, which will negatively impact its results of operations and financial condition.

Our principal stockholder has substantial control over our business, which may be disadvantageous to other stockholders.

Arrow Holdings and Modulaire Global S.a r.l., entities controlled by TDR Capital, together beneficially owned approximately [63.8]% of our outstanding shares of common stock as of [March 1, 2022]. As a result of its ability to control a significant percentage of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, TDR Capital may have substantial control over matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election and removal of directors, amendments to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, any proposed merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets and other corporate transactions. TDR Capital may have interests that are different from those of other stockholders.

We are an “emerging growth company” and as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to emerging growth companies, our common stock may be less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to utilize some of the exemptions from reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and adopting new accounting standards using private company effective dates. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the Public Offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.0 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None

Item 2. Properties

Our corporate headquarters are located in Woodlands, Texas. Our executive, financial, accounting, legal, administrative, management information systems and human resources functions operate from this single, leased office.  We own and operate 26 branch locations across the U.S. We also lease and operate 1 branch location in the U.S. Subject to certain exceptions, substantially all of our owned personal property and material real property in the U.S. and Canada is encumbered under our ABL Facility and the 2024 Senior Secured Notes. We do not believe that the encumbrances will materially detract from the value of our properties, nor will they materially interfere with their use in the operation of our business.

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*This location is shared between HFS – South and Government.

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Item 3.  Legal Proceedings

We are involved in various lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, most of which arise out of the ordinary course of business. The nature of the Company’s business is such that disputes occasionally arise with vendors including suppliers and subcontractors, and customers over contract specifications and contract interpretations among other things. The company assesses these matters on a case-by-case basis as they arise. Reserves are established, as required, based on its assessment of exposure. We have insurance policies to cover general liability and workers’ compensation related claims. In the opinion of management, the ultimate amount of liability not covered by insurance, if any, under such pending lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties including unfavorable rulings or developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of our legal proceedings could involve amounts that are different from our currently recorded accruals, and that such differences could be material.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

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Part II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TH.” Through March 15, 2019, our common stock, warrants and units were quoted under the symbols “EAGL,” “EAGLW” and “EAGLU,” respectively. Upon consummation of the Business Combination,  (i) our public units automatically separated into their component securities and, as a result, no longer trade as a separate security and were delisted; (ii) our Common Stock (into which Platinum Eagle’s ordinary shares were converted) continued to trade on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “TH” and (iii) the 2018 Warrants continued to trade on Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “THWWW”.

Holders

As of December 31, 2021, there were eighteen holders of record of our Common Stock and one holder of record of our Warrants. The number of holders of record does not include a substantially greater number of “street name” holders or beneficial holders whose Common Stock or Warrants are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

Dividend Information 

We do not currently pay any cash dividends on our Common Stock. The declaration and amount of any dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, prospects, industry conditions, capital requirements of our business, covenants associated with certain debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other factors the board of directors deems relevant. We can give no assurances that we will pay a dividend in the future.

2018 Warrants

Platinum Eagle issued warrants to purchase its common stock as components of units sold in the Public Offering (the “Public Warrants”, together with the Private Warrants, the “2018 Warrants”).  Platinum Eagle also issued, in connection with the Public Offering, the Private Warrants.

As of December 31, 2021, there were 16,166,650 2018 Warrants outstanding. Of the 16,166,650 outstanding, 5,333,334 are Private Warrants and 10,833,316 are Public Warrants. The Private Warrants are classified as liabilities under ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity guidance. The Public Warrants are classified as equity based on the guidance outlined in ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. Each 2018 Warrant entitles its holder to purchase Common Stock in accordance with its terms. See Note 12 and 20 of the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Performance Graph

The following stock price performance graph should not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Annual Report on Form 10-K into any filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference, and shall not otherwise be deemed filed under such acts.

The graph below compares the cumulative total return of our common stock from January 12, 2018, through December 31, 2021, with the comparable cumulative return of three indices, the Russell Broadbased Total Returns, the Nasdaq US Benchmark TR Index, and the CRSP Nasdaq Stock Market Index. The graph plots the change in value of an initial investment in each of our Common Stock, the Russell 2000 Index, the Nasdaq US Benchmark Index, and the Nasdaq Stock Market Index over the indicated time periods. We have not paid any cash dividends and, therefore, the cumulative

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total return calculation for us is based solely upon the change in share price. The share price performance shown on the graph is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

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None.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

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On August 15, 2019, the Company's board of directors approved the 2019 Share Repurchase Program (“2019 Plan”), authorizing the repurchase of up to $75.0 million of our common shares from August 30, 2019 to August 15, 2020. As of August 15, 2020, the 2019 Plan had a remaining capacity of approximately $51.4 million. The 2019 Plan terminated on August 15, 2020 and was not renewed.

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Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

On March 6, 2019, our shareholders approved a long-term incentive award plan (the "Plan") in connection with the Business Combination. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. Under the Plan, the Compensation Committee may grant an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of common stock in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, and performance compensation awards.

Please refer to Note 21 in the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for details of the form of Executive Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreements, the forms of Executive Restricted Stock Unit Agreements, and the form of Executive Stock Appreciation Rights Award Agreement.

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As of December 31, 2021, 6,734,387 securities had been granted under the Plan, including 1,578,537 of Stock Appreciation Right Awards, which are intended to settle in cash.

Information on our equity compensation plans can be found in the table below.

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

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This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act , and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for the post-combination business. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements relating to:

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●                   the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or any future public health crisis, related economic repercussions and the resulting negative impact to global economic demand;

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●                   operational challenges relating to the COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to mitigate the spread of the virus, including logistical challenges, protecting the health and well-being of our employees and customers, government imposed mandates, contract and supply chain disruptions;

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●                   operational, economic, political and regulatory risks;

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●                   our ability to effectively compete in the specialty rental accommodations and hospitality services industry;

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●                   effective management of our communities;

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●                   natural disasters and other business disruptions including outbreaks of epidemic or pandemic disease;

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●                   the effect of changes in state building codes on marketing our buildings;

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●                   changes in demand within a number of key industry end-markets and geographic regions;

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●                   our reliance on third party manufacturers and suppliers;

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●                   failure to retain key personnel;

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●                   increases in raw material and labor costs;

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●                   the effect of impairment charges on our operating results;

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●                   our inability to recognize deferred tax assets and tax loss carry forwards;

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●                   our future operating results fluctuating, failing to match performance or to meet expectations;

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●                   our exposure to various possible claims and the potential inadequacy of our insurance;

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●                   unanticipated changes in our tax obligations;

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●                   our obligations under various laws and regulations;

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●                   the effect of litigation, judgments, orders, regulatory or customer bankruptcy proceedings on our business;

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●                   our ability to successfully acquire and integrate new operations;

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●                  global or local economic and political movements, including any changes in policy under the Biden administration;

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●                   federal government budgeting and appropriations;

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●                   our ability to effectively manage our credit risk and collect on our accounts receivable;

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●                   our ability to fulfill our public company obligations;

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●                   any failure of our management information systems;

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●                   our ability to meet our debt service requirements and obligations; and

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●                   risks related to Arrow Bidco’s obligations under the Notes;

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our management’s current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of Target Hospitality Corp. and is intended to help the reader understand Target Hospitality Corp., our operations and our present business environment.  This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. References to “we,” “us,” “our”, “Target Hospitality,” or “the Company” refer to Target Hospitality Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

As discussed in Note 1 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in 2021, we adopted SEC guidance that is intended to modernize, simplify, and enhance certain disclosures throughout this MD&A.  In accordance with this guidance, we have modified the tabular disclosure of contractual obligations to provide disclosures addressing the most significant categories of our short-term and long-term needs for cash.

Executive Summary

Target Hospitality Corp. is one of North America’s largest providers of vertically integrated specialty rental and value-added hospitality services including: catering and food services, maintenance, housekeeping, grounds-keeping, security, health and recreation facilities, overall workforce community management, concierge services and laundry service. As of  December 31, 2021, our network included 28 communities to better serve our customers across the US.

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COVID – 19 and Economic Update

The global outbreak of COVID-19 and the declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 presented new risks to the Company’s business. Prior to March 2020, the Company’s results were largely in line with expectations and subsequent to March 2020, we began to experience a decline in revenues.  

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The COVID-19 pandemic has not materially impacted the Company’s ability to operate nor has it materially disrupted the Company’s supply chain, disrupted service or caused a shortage of critical products at our communities.  However, the situation surrounding COVID-19 and the decrease in global economic demand had a material adverse impact on the Company’s operating results. There have been significant changes to the global economic situation and to public securities markets as a result of COVID-19.  A lack of widespread public acceptance of vaccines, could lead people to continue to self-isolate and not participate in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time. Further, even if vaccines are widely accepted, surfacing of virus variants has added a degree of uncertainty to the continuing global impact of COVID-19.

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The financial results for the year ended December 31, 2020 reflect the reduced customer activity in the HFS – South and Midwest segments as compared to pre-COVID levels experienced in the first quarter of 2020. However, the Company did experience increases in demand for its hospitality and accommodation services compared to the lows experienced in the second and third quarter of 2020, including demand for the Company’s HFS – South segment accommodations as customer activity levels continued to increase during 2021.  Refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Part I Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion around COVID-19.

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For the year ended December 31, 2021, key drivers of financial performance included:

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​

In addition to the above, we generated positive cash flows from operations of approximately $104.6 million representing a increase in cash flows from operations by $57.8 million or 123.6% for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure.  The GAAP measure most comparable to Adjusted EBITDA is Net income (loss).  Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition and reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

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Our proximity to customer activities influences occupancy and demand. We have built, own and operate the two largest specialty rental and hospitality services networks available to customers operating in the HFS – South and HFS – Midwest regions. Our broad network often results in us having communities that are the closest to our customers’ job sites, which reduces commute times and costs, and improves the overall safety of our customers’ workforce. Our communities provide customers with cost efficiencies, as they are able to jointly use our communities and related infrastructure (i.e., power, water, sewer and IT) services alongside other customers operating in the same vicinity. Demand for our services is dependent upon activity levels, particularly our customers’ capital spending on natural resource development activities and government housing programs.

Factors Affecting Results of Operations

We expect our business to continue to be affected by the key factors discussed below, as well as factors discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this report. Our expectations are based on assumptions made by us and information currently available to us. To the extent our underlying assumptions about, or interpretations of, available information prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from our expected results.

Public health threats or outbreaks of communicable diseases, including COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial results.

The Company may face risks related to public health threats or outbreaks of communicable diseases, including COVID-19. A widespread healthcare crisis, such as an outbreak of a communicable disease, like COVID-19, could adversely affect the economy and the Company’s ability to conduct business for an indefinite period of time. This situation combined with the commodity price volatility discussed below has had, and could continue to, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations.  Refer to section titled “Risk Factors” in Part I Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on this situation.

Supply and Demand for Natural Resources

As a provider of vertically integrated specialty rental and hospitality services, we are not directly impacted by commodity price fluctuations. However, these price fluctuations indirectly influence our activities and results of operations because the natural resource development workforce is directly affected by price fluctuations and the industry’s expansion or contraction as a result of these fluctuations. Our occupancy volume depends on the size of the workforce within the natural resources industry and the demand for labor. Commodity prices are volatile and influenced by numerous factors beyond our control, including the domestic and global supply of and demand for natural resources, the commodities trading markets, as well as other supply and demand factors that may influence commodity prices. As a result of the commodity price volatility experienced in early 2020, the Company temporarily closed and consolidated communities in the HFS – South and HFS – Midwest segments.  However, these communities began re-opening in July 2020 as conditions started to improve.

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Availability and Cost of Capital

Capital markets conditions could affect our ability to access the debt and equity capital markets to the extent necessary to fund our future growth. Interest rates on future credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly, and could limit our ability to raise funds, or increase the price of raising funds, in the capital markets and may limit our ability to expand.

Regulatory Compliance

We are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations concerning matters such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid, and hazardous waste handling and disposal and the investigation and remediation of contamination. In addition, we may be subject, indirectly, to various statutes and regulations applicable to doing business with the U.S. government as a result of our contracts with U.S. government contractor clients.  The risks of substantial costs, liabilities, and limitations on our operations related to compliance with these laws and regulations are an inherent part of our business, and future conditions may develop, arise, or be discovered that create substantial compliance or environmental remediation liabilities and costs.

Natural Disasters or Other Significant Disruption

An operational disruption in any of our facilities could negatively impact our financial results. The occurrence of a natural disaster, such as earthquake, tornado, severe weather including hail storms, flood, fire, or other unanticipated problems such as labor difficulties, equipment failure, capacity expansion difficulties or unscheduled maintenance could cause operational disruptions of varied duration. These types of disruptions could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations to varying degrees dependent upon the facility, the duration of the disruption, our ability to shift business to another facility or find alternative solutions.

Overview of Our Revenue and Operations

We derive the majority of our revenue from specialty rental accommodations and vertically integrated hospitality services. Approximately 69.7% of our revenue was earned from specialty rental with vertically integrated hospitality services, specifically lodging and related ancillary services, whereas the remaining 30.3% of revenues were earned through leasing of lodging facilities (26.4%) and construction fee income (3.9%) for the year ended December 31, 2021. Revenue is recognized in the period in which lodging and services are provided pursuant to the terms of contractual relationships with our customers. In certain of our contracts, rates may vary over the contract term, in these cases, revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term. We enter into arrangements with multiple deliverables for which arrangement consideration is allocated between lodging and services based on the relative estimated standalone selling price of each deliverable. The estimated price of lodging and services deliverables is based on the prices of lodging and services when sold separately or based upon the best estimate of selling price.

The Company originated a contract in 2013 with TC Energy Pipelines to construct, deliver, cater and manage all accommodations and hospitality services in conjunction with the planned construction of the Keystone XL pipeline project.  During the construction phase of the contract, the Company recognized revenue as costs were incurred in connection with the project under the percentage of completion method of accounting as more fully discussed in Note 1 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. One of these communities was completed and opened in September 2020 and subsequently closed in mid-December 2020.  The revenue recognized on the community post construction for the year ended December 31, 2020, is recognized in services income along with our other revenue from specialty rental with vertically integrated hospitality services. In January 2021, the project was suspended due to the Keystone XL Presidential Permit being revoked. Then on July 23, 2021, the Company executed the Termination and Settlement Agreement, which effectively terminated the Company’s contract with TC Energy that was originated in 2013 and no further revenue will be generated from the contract with TC Energy.

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Key Indicators of Financial Performance

Our management uses a variety of financial and operating metrics to analyze our performance. We view these metrics as significant factors in assessing our operating results and profitability and intend to review these measurements frequently for consistency and trend analysis. We primarily review the following profit and loss information when assessing our performance:

Revenue

We analyze our revenues by comparing actual revenues to our internal budgets and projections for a given period and to prior periods to assess our performance. We believe that revenues are a meaningful indicator of the demand and pricing for our services. Key drivers to change in revenues may include average utilization of existing beds, levels of development activity in the HFS – South and HFS – Midwest segments, and the consumer price index impacting government contracts.

Adjusted Gross Profit

We analyze our adjusted gross profit, which is a Non-GAAP measure, which we define as revenues less cost of sales, excluding impairment and depreciation of specialty rental assets to measure our financial performance.  Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition and reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure. We believe adjusted gross profit is a meaningful metric because it provides insight on financial performance of our revenue streams without consideration of company overhead. Additionally, using adjusted gross profit gives us insight on factors impacting cost of sales, such as efficiencies of our direct labor and material costs. When analyzing adjusted gross profit, we compare actual adjusted gross profit to our budgets and internal projections and to prior period results for a given period in order to assess our performance.

We also use Non-GAAP measures such as EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows to evaluate the operating performance of our business. For a more in-depth discussion of the Non-GAAP measures, please refer to the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Segments

We have identified four reportable business segments: Hospitality & Facilities Services - South, Hospitality & Facilities Services - Midwest, Government, and TCPL Keystone:

Hospitality & Facilities Services - South

The HFS – South segment reflects our facilities and operations in the HFS – South region and includes our 15 communities located across Texas and New Mexico.

Hospitality & Facilities Services - Midwest

The HFS – Midwest segment reflects our facilities and operations in the HFS – Midwest region and includes our 4 communities in North Dakota.

Government

The Government segment includes the facilities and operations of the family residential center and the related support communities in Dilley, Texas (the “South Texas Family Residential Center”) provided under a lease and services agreement with our FRCC Partner. Additionally, this segment also includes facilities and operations provided under a lease and services agreement with a leading nonprofit organization, backed by a committed United States Government contract, to provide a suit of comprehensive service offerings in support of their humanitarian aid efforts.

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TCPL Keystone

The TCPL Keystone segment reflects initial preparatory work and plans for facilities and services provided in connection with the TC Energy Keystone pipeline project. In January 2021, the TCPL project was suspended due to the Keystone XL Presidential Permit being revoked. Then on July 23, 2021, the Company executed the Termination and Settlement Agreement, which effectively terminated the Company’s contract with TC Energy that was originated in 2013. As a result of the Termination and Settlement Agreement, no further activity is expected in this segment.

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All Other

Our other facilities and operations which do not meet the criteria to be a separate reportable segment are consolidated and reported as “All Other” which represents the facilities and operations of one community in Oklahoma, and the catering and other services provided to communities and other workforce accommodation facilities for the natural resource development industries not owned by us.

Key Factors Impacting the Comparability of Results

The historical results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable, either to each other or to our future results of operations, for the reasons described below:

COVID-19 and Commodity Price Volatility

The COVID-19 pandemic and the disruption in the natural resource development industry has had a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The financial results for the year ended December 31, 2020 reflect the reduced activity in the HFS – South and HFS – Midwest segments resulting from the negative effects of the commodity price volatility compounded by the effects of COVID-19 as these disruptions have created significant challenges for our natural resource development end-market customers. This drove a significant reduction in our utilization in these segments during 2020, and, although we have experienced steady increases in utilization into 2021, such utilization levels have not yet reached pre-pandemic levels experienced during the first quarter of 2020. During 2020, these events also impacted the liquidity of our natural resources development end market customers resulting in a greater level of bad debt expense during 2020.

Acquisitions

On June 19, 2019, Target Logistics Management LLC (“TLM”) entered into a purchase agreement (the “Superior Purchase Agreement”) with Superior Lodging, LLC, Superior Lodging Orla South, LLC, and Superior Lodging Kermit, LLC (collectively, the “Superior Sellers”), and certain other parties named therein, pursuant to which TLM acquired substantially all of the assets in connection with the subject seller communities. This acquisition further expanded our presence in Texas within our HFS – South segment, adding 575 rooms.  Prior to the acquisition, TLM was providing management and catering services to the Superior Sellers, which was terminated upon the closing of the acquisition.

On July 1, 2019, TLM purchased a 168-room community from ProPetro Services, Inc (“ProPetro”).  On July 1, 2019, in connection with the purchase of this community, TLM and ProPetro entered into an amendment to its existing Network Lease and Services Agreement resulting in ProPetro leasing from the Company an additional 166 rooms per night for one year subject to three one-year extension options.  The extension options were not exercised and resulted in the Company earning a termination fee of approximately $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The ProPetro acquisition further expanded the Company’s presence in the HFS – South segment.

Business Combination Costs

We incurred approximately $38.1 million in incremental costs related to the Business Combination that have been recognized as selling, general, and administrative expenses in the audited consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2019. These costs include $8.0 million in transaction expenses relating to the consummation of the Business Combination. Additionally, certain members of the Company’s management and

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employees received bonus payments as a result of the Business Combination being consummated in the aggregate amount of $28.5 million. Finally, as part of the Business Combination being consummated, we recorded $1.6 million of compensation expense for the full loan forgiveness of certain executive members of management which has been recognized as a non-cash expense within the consolidated financial statements.

Public Company Costs

As part of becoming a public company in March 2019, we will continue to incur recurring expenses as a publicly traded company, including costs associated with the employment of additional personnel, compliance under the Exchange Act, annual and quarterly reports to common shareholders, registrar and transfer agent fees, national stock exchange fees, legal fees, audit fees, incremental director and officer liability insurance costs and director and officer compensation.  

Results of Operations

The period to period comparisons of our results of operations have been prepared using the historical periods included in our audited consolidated financial statements. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document.

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Consolidated Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

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Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

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Total Revenue. Total revenue was $291.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $225.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, and consisted of $203.1 million of services income, $76.9 million of specialty rental income and $11.3 million of construction fee income. Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 consisted of $132.4 million of services income, $53.0 million of specialty rental income and $39.8 million of construction fee income.

Services income consists primarily of specialty rental and vertically integrated and comprehensive hospitality services including catering, food services, maintenance, housekeeping, grounds-keeping, security, overall workforce community management services, health and recreation facilities, concierge services and laundry service. The main driver of the

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increase in services income revenue year over year was growth in the Government segment combined with a significant increase in customer activity in the HFS – South segment. This growth was partially offset by a reduction of customer activity in the HFS – Midwest segment, due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which created a meaningful reduction in customer headcount demand when compared to the first quarter of 2020. Additionally, a reduction in activity in the TCPL Keystone segment as a result of the termination discussed below contributed to an offsetting decrease in services income during 2021.

Construction fee income consists primarily of revenue from the construction phase of the TCPL contract with the current year consisting almost exclusively of revenue related to the Termination and Settlement Agreement. The decrease in construction fee income in 2021 compared to 2020 was due to the project being suspended at the end of January 2021, subsequently cancelled in June 2021, and finally resulted in the contract being terminated in July 2021 pursuant to the Termination and Settlement Agreement.

Specialty rental income consists primarily of revenues from renting rooms at facilities leased or owned. Specialty rental income increased as a result of growth in the Government segment as a result of the leasing revenue generated by the new Government contract entered into in March 2021.

Cost of services. Cost of services was $120.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $109.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in services costs is primarily due to an increase related to growth in the Government segment as mentioned above. Additionally, there was also a slight increase in services costs in the HFS – South segment driven by the increase in customer activity mentioned above.  These increases were significantly offset by lower activity on the TCPL project resulting from the suspension of the project at the end of January 2021 and subsequent cancellation in June 2021 driven by the Presidential Permit being revoked. Pursuant to the Termination and Settlement Agreement, the underlying contract with TC Energy was terminated in July 2021. Additionally, there was also a decrease in the costs in the HFS – Midwest segment driven by a slight decrease in customer activity.

Specialty rental costs. Specialty rental costs were approximately $16.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in specialty rental costs is primarily due to costs related to growth in the Government segment. This increase was partially offset with a decrease in specialty rental costs due to a modification of a contract for one of our HFS customers, which resulted in all such costs and related revenue now being recognized in services income and costs, as it no longer meets the definition of a lease.

Depreciation of specialty rental assets. Depreciation of specialty rental assets was $53.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $50.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in depreciation expense is primarily attributable to growth in the Government segment as noted above offset by a decrease in the HFS – South segment due to transfer of assets from the HFS – South segment to the Government segment to service the new Government segment contract. In addition, the increase in depreciation expense is also partially offset by a decrease for a location within the Government segment as a result of site work being fully depreciated as of September 30, 2021.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative was $46.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $38.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in selling, general and administrative expense of $8.4 million was primarily driven by increases in labor costs, advisory and other professional fees attributable to corporate development activities, and to a lesser extent, outside services, travel, amortization of system implementation costs, marketing and advertising, and insurance expense. The increase in labor costs are driven primarily by an increase in bonus expense, stock based compensation, and to a lesser extent commissions as there have been no material increases to corporate headcount. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in bad debt expense as economic conditions improved.

Other depreciation and amortization. Other depreciation and amortization expense was $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $15.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in other depreciation and amortization expense is due primarily to an increase in depreciation expense associated with an increase in depreciable capital expenditures.

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Other expense (income), net. Other expense (income), net was $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to ($0.7) million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in expense was primarily driven by the prior year including insurance proceeds received for an involuntary asset conversion attributable to storm damage, which did not recur in the current year, as well as related party reimbursement income whereby the agreement ended on December 31, 2020 and was not renewed.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net was $38.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to interest expense, net of $40.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change in interest expense is driven by a reduction of the interest on the ABL facility as a result of a lower outstanding balance during 2021 as the amount was completely paid off in July 2021.

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities. Change in fair value of warrant liabilities represents the fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrant liabilities based on the change in their estimated fair value at each reporting period end. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to ($2.4) million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities is the result of changes in market prices deriving the value of the financial instruments. The estimated value of the Private Warrants have increased in the current year, generating a reduction to income in the current year.

Income tax expense (benefit).  Income tax expense (benefit) was $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to ($8.5) million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in income tax expense is primarily attributable to the decrease in loss before taxes for the year ended December 31, 2021 as well as an increase in state tax expense based off of gross receipts as a result of the increase in revenues.

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

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For discussion of the comparison of our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, please read the “Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019” section located in the Management Discussion & Analysis section in our 2020 Annual Report on From 10-K/A filed on May 24, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

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Segment Results

The following table sets forth our selected results of operations for each of our reportable segments for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

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Note: Adjusted gross profit for the chief operating decision maker’s (“CODM”) analysis includes the services and rental costs recognized in the financial statements and excludes depreciation on specialty rental assets, certain severance costs, and loss on impairment. Average daily rate is calculated based on specialty rental income and services income received over the period indicated, divided by utilized bed nights.

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Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

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Government

Revenue for the Government segment was $156.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $63.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Adjusted gross profit for the Government segment was $94.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $47.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Revenue and adjusted gross profit increased as a result of the new contract originated in the Government segment in March 2021 as previously mentioned. This increase was partially offset by lower non-cash deferred revenue amortization on a legacy contract, driven by a contract extension modification, which extended the term through September 2026 compared to the previous term through September 2021.

Hospitality & Facilities Services - South

Revenue for the HFS – South segment was $117.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $112.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Adjusted gross profit for the HFS – South segment was $52.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $51.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The increase in revenue of $4.8 million and increase in adjusted gross profit of $0.8 million is primarily attributable to an increase in utilization driven by a significant increase in customer demand.

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Hospitality & Facilities Services - Midwest

Revenue for the HFS – Midwest segment was $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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Adjusted gross profit for the HFS – Midwest segment was ($0.7) million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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The decrease in revenue of $2.5 million and decrease in adjusted gross profit of $0.9 million was primarily driven by a decrease in utilization and ADR due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which created a meaningful reduction in customer headcount demand when compared to the first quarter of 2020. The HFS – Midwest segment was shut down in early May of 2020 but began to reopen in July of 2020. However, this segment experienced a slight increase in customer demand toward the end of 2021.

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TCPL Keystone

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Revenue for the TCPL Keystone segment was $12.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $41.9 million and $15.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

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Adjusted gross profit for the TCPL Keystone segment was $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $8.6 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

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The decrease in revenue in 2021 compared to 2020 was due to the project being suspended at the end of January 2021, subsequently cancelled in June 2021, and finally resulted in the TC Energy contract being terminated in July 2021 with the current year consisting almost exclusively of revenue related to the Termination and Settlement Agreement executed in July 2021. We anticipate activity in this segment to be eliminated as no further revenue is expected as a result of the Termination and Settlement Agreement.

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

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For discussion of the comparison of our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, please read the “Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019” section located in the Management Discussion & Analysis section in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on May 24, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We depend on cash flow from operations, cash on hand and borrowings under our ABL Facility to finance our acquisition strategy, working capital needs, and capital expenditures. We currently believe that our cash on hand, along with these sources of funds will provide sufficient liquidity to fund debt service requirements, support our growth strategy, lease obligations, contingent liabilities and working capital investments for at least the next 12 months. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain future debt or equity financings adequate for our future cash requirements on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient, we may be forced to reduce or delay additional acquisitions, future investments and capital expenditures, and seek additional capital. Significant delays in our ability to finance planned acquisitions or capital expenditures may materially and adversely affect our future revenue prospects.  We may from time

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to time seek to purchase our equity and debt securities for cash or other consideration in open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions, exchange offers or otherwise.  Any such transactions will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.

For additional discussion of risks related to our liquidity and capital resources, including the impact of COVID-19, refer to the section titled “Risk Factors” in Part I Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Capital Requirements

During the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred approximately $36.8 million in capital expenditures, which increased by approximately $27.7 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2020. Our total annual 2021 capital spending included growth projects to increase community capacity, mainly in the Government segment. In 2020, in response to anticipated lower utilization levels resulting from the impact of commodity price volatility and COVID-19, as previously discussed, the Company reduced its anticipated 2020 capital expenditures by 50%. In 2021, capital expenditures incurred increased from 2020. This increase was primarily driven by growth in the Government segment and maintenance capital expenditures that were delayed in 2020 to conserve cash. Although growth capital expenditures are largely discretionary, our long-lived specialty rental assets require a certain level of maintenance capital expenditures, which have ranged from approximately 0.4% to 4% of annual revenue between 2018 and 2021, with an average cost of approximately 1.6% of annual revenue. Maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets amounted to approximately $11.7 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  As we pursue growth, we monitor which capital resources, including equity and debt financings, are available to us to meet our future financial obligations, planned capital expenditure activities and liquidity requirements. However, future cash flows are subject to a number of variables, including the ability to maintain existing contracts, obtain new contracts and manage our operating expenses. The failure to achieve anticipated revenue and cash flows from operations could result in a reduction in future capital spending. We cannot assure you that operations and other needed capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all. In the event we make additional acquisitions and the amount of capital required is greater than the amount we have available for acquisitions at that time, we could be required to reduce the expected level of capital expenditures or seek additional capital. We cannot assure you that needed capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all.

The following table sets forth general information derived from our audited consolidated statements of cash flows:

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Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

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Cash flows provided by operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $104.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $46.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase in cash provided by operating activities relates primarily to to an increase in cash collections of approximately $125.9 million resulting from growth in the Government segment, partially offset by a decrease in cash collections from TC Energy of approximately $24.2 million as a result of the termination of that contract, a decrease in cash collections of approximately $28.6 million  in the first quarter of 2021 when compared to the first quarter of 2020 as a result of the impact of COVID-19, as well as a decrease in other cash collections of approximately $0.2 million. This net increase in cash collections of approximately $72.9 million was partially offset by an increase in cash payments for operating expenses and payroll of approximately $16.3 million resulting from growth and increased activity year-over-year, partially offset by a decrease in interest payments of approximately $1.8 million year-over-year driven by a reduction in debt.

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Cash flows used in investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $35.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase in cash used in investing activities primarily relates to the increase in capital expenditures driven by growth in the Government segment.

Cash flows provided by financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $52.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to $35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase in cash used in financing activities primarily reflects the decrease in cash received from borrowings on finance and capital lease obligations and the increase in principal payments on borrowings from the ABL Facility in the current period as the ABL Facility was completely paid off by July of 2021 and has no outstanding balance as of December 31, 2021.  As of December 31, 2021, the ABL Facility has an undrawn capacity of $125 million available to fund the various cash needs of the Company.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

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For discussion of the comparison of our operating results for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, please read the “Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019” section located in the Management Discussion & Analysis section in the our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on May 24, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

Indebtedness

The Company’s capital lease and other financing obligations as of December 31, 2021 consisted of $1.4 million of capital leases. The capital leases pertain to leases entered into during 2019 through 2021, for commercial-use vehicles with 36-month terms expiring through 2024 with a weighted average interest rate of approximately 3.83%. In November 2020, the Company entered into an insurance financing arrangement in an amount of approximately $3.3 million at an interest rate of 3.84%. The insurance financing arrangement required 9 monthly payments of approximately $0.4 million that began on December 1, 2020 and ended on August 1, 2021 when the obligation was completely paid off.

The Company’s capital lease and other financing obligations as of December 31, 2020 consisted of approximately $0.9 million of capital leases related to commercial-use vehicles with the same terms as described above, and $2.9 million related to the insurance financing obligation described above.

ABL Facility

On the Closing Date, in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, Topaz, Arrow Bidco, Target, Signor and each of their domestic subsidiaries entered into an ABL credit agreement that provides for a senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $125 million (the “ABL Facility”). Approximately $40 million of proceeds from the ABL Facility were used to finance a portion of the consideration payable and fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company repaid a net amount of $48 million of borrowings under the ABL Facility from excess cash available, which reduced the outstanding balance to $0 as of December 31, 2021. The maturity date of the ABL Facility is September 15, 2023.  Refer to Note 11 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements located in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on the ABL Facility.

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Senior Secured Notes

In connection with the closing of the Business Combination, Arrow Bidco issued $340 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.50% senior secured notes due March 15, 2024 (the “2024 Senior Secured Notes” or “Notes”) under an indenture dated March 15, 2019 (the “Indenture”). The Indenture was entered into by and among Arrow Bidco, the guarantors named therein (the “Note Guarantors”), and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee and as collateral agent. Interest is payable semi-annually on September 15 and March 15 and began September 15, 2019.  Refer to Note 11 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements located in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes.

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Cash requirements

We expect that our principal short-term (over the next 12 months) and long-term needs for cash relating to our operations will be to primarily fund (i) operating activities and working capital, (ii) maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets, (iii) payments due under capital and operating leases, and (iv) debt service. We plan to fund such cash requirements from our existing sources of liquidity as previously discussed. The table below presents information on payments coming due under the most significant categories of our needs for cash (excluding operating cash flows pertaining to normal business operations) as of December 31, 2021:

Commitments and Contingencies

We lease certain land, community units, and real estate under non-cancelable operating leases, the terms of which vary and generally contain renewal options.  Total rent expense under these leases is recognized ratably over the initial term of the lease.  Any difference between the rent payment and the straight-line expense is recorded as a liability.

Rent expense included in services costs in the audited consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for cancelable and non-cancelable leases was $13.9 million, $5.6 million, and $12.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. Rent expense included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the audited consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for cancelable and non-cancelable leases was $0.4 million, $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2021 by year and in the aggregate for each of the next five years and thereafter, under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our audited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”). For a discussion of the critical accounting policies and estimates that we use in the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements, including assumptions and estimates used to test goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment, refer to Note 1 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

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Income Taxes. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for certain future deductible or taxable temporary differences expected to be reported in our income tax returns. These deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed using the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods when the related future deductible or taxable temporary difference is

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expected to be settled or realized. In the case of deferred tax assets, the future realization of the deferred tax assets are determined with consideration to historical profitability, projected future taxable income, the reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, and tax planning strategies. After consideration of all these factors, we recognize deferred tax assets when we believe that it is more likely than not that we will realize them. The Company’s deferred tax assets include a significant amount of tax loss carryforwards.  Realization is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of the loss carryforwards. Although realization is not assured, the Company believes it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset will be realized. A significant positive evidence factor that we consider in the recognition of deferred tax assets is a positive earnings history and cumulative income position.  The Company has had a stable earning history prior to the impacts of COVID-19 and the energy and natural resource price volatility as experienced during 2020 and has not lost any tax attributes in the past.  The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are reduced.  Refer to Note 14 – Income Taxes included in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on our deferred tax assets and liabilities.

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Principles of Consolidation

Refer to Note 1 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of principles of consolidation.

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Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 1 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 within this Annual Report on Form 10-K for our assessment of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have included Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows which are measurements not calculated in accordance with US GAAP, in the discussion of our financial results because they are key metrics used by management to assess financial performance. Our business is capital-intensive and these additional metrics allow management to further evaluate our operating performance.

Target Hospitality defines Adjusted gross profit, as gross profit plus depreciation of specialty rental assets, loss on impairment, and certain severance costs.

Target Hospitality defines EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense and loss on extinguishment of debt, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation of specialty rental assets, and other depreciation and amortization.

Adjusted EBITDA reflects the following further adjustments to EBITDA to exclude certain non-cash items and the effect of what management considers transactions or events not related to its core business operations:

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We define Discretionary cash flows as cash flows from operations less maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets.

EBITDA reflects net income (loss) excluding the impact of interest expense and loss on extinguishment of debt, provision for income taxes, depreciation, and amortization. We believe that EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of operating performance because we use it to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, and expand our business. We also use EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors, and others, to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels, and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization expense, because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies.

Target Hospitality also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of operating performance. Our Adjusted EBITDA reflects adjustments to exclude the effects of additional items, including certain items, that are not reflective of the ongoing operating results of Target Hospitality.  In addition, to derive Adjusted EBITDA, we exclude gains or losses on the sale of depreciable assets and impairment losses because including them in EBITDA is inconsistent with reporting the ongoing performance of our remaining assets. Additionally, the gain or loss on sale of depreciable assets and impairment losses represents either accelerated depreciation or excess depreciation in previous periods, and depreciation is excluded from EBITDA.

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Target Hospitality also presents Discretionary cash flows because we believe it provides useful information regarding our business as more fully described below. Discretionary cash flows indicate the amount of cash available after maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets for, among other things, investments in our existing business.

Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows are not measurements of Target Hospitality’s financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to gross profit, net income (loss) or other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP, or as alternatives to cash flow from operating activities as measures of Target Hospitality’s liquidity. Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows should not be considered as discretionary cash available to Target Hospitality to reinvest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that is available to it to meet our obligations. In addition, the measurement of Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Target Hospitality’s management believe that Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows provide useful information to investors about Target Hospitality and its financial condition and results of operations for the following reasons: (i) they are among the measures used by Target Hospitality’s management team to evaluate its operating performance; (ii) they are among the measures used by Target Hospitality’s management team to make day-to-day operating decisions, (iii) they are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties as a common performance measure to compare results across companies in Target Hospitality’s industry.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Target Hospitality’s consolidated gross profit to Adjusted gross profit:

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