Tectonic Financial, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 001-38910

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

16200 Dallas Parkway, Suite 190

Dallas, Texas 75248

(Address of principal executive offices)

(972) 720 - 9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to filed such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒    No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes☒   No☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes☐   No☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of November 12, 2020 was 6,568,750 shares.

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Tectonic Financial, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a financial holding company that offers, through its subsidiaries, banking and other financial services including trust, investment advisory, securities brokerage, third-party administration, recordkeeping and insurance services to individuals, small businesses and institutions in all 50 states. The Company was formed in October 2016 for the purpose of acquiring T Bancshares, Inc. (“TBI”), which acquisition was completed on May 15, 2017.

On May 13, 2019, we completed a merger with Tectonic Holdings, LLC (“Tectonic Holdings”), through which we expanded our financial services to include investment advisory, securities brokerage and insurance services (the “Tectonic Merger”). Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger dated March 28, 2019, by and between the Company and Tectonic Holdings (the “Tectonic Merger Agreement”), Tectonic Holdings merged with and into the Company, with the Company as the surviving institution. Immediately after the completion of the Tectonic Merger, the Company completed a 1-for-2 reverse stock split with respect to the outstanding shares of its common stock.

The Company consummated the initial public offering of its 9.00% Fixed-to-Float Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series B preferred stock”) in May 2019 (the “initial public offering”). In connection with the initial public offering, the Company issued and sold 1,725,000 shares of its Series B preferred stock, including 225,000 shares sold pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of their option to purchase additional shares, at an offering price of $10.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $17.25 million before deducting underwriting discounts and offering expenses, and aggregate net proceeds of $15.5 million.

Following the Tectonic Merger, we operate through four main direct and indirect subsidiaries: (i) TBI, which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas on December 23, 2002 to serve as the bank holding company for T Bank, N.A., a national banking association (the “Bank”), (ii) Sanders Morris Harris LLC (“Sanders Morris”), a registered broker-dealer with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and registered investment advisor with the Securities and Exchange Commission, (“SEC”), (iii) Tectonic Advisors, LLC (“Tectonic Advisors”), a registered investment advisor registered with the SEC focused generally on managing money for relatively large, affiliated institutions, and (iv) HWG Insurance Agency LLC (“HWG”), an insurance agency registered with the Texas Department of Insurance (“TDI”).

We are headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The Bank operates through a main office located at 16200 Dallas Parkway, Dallas, Texas. Our other subsidiaries operate from offices in Houston, Dallas and Plano, Texas. Our Houston office is located at 600 Travis Street, 59^th Floor, Houston, Texas, and includes the home offices of Sanders Morris and HWG, as well as Tectonic Advisors’ family office services team. Our other Dallas office, which is a branch office of Sanders Morris, is at 5950 Sherry Lane, Suite 470, Dallas, Texas. Our main office for Tectonic Advisors is in Plano at 6900 Dallas Parkway, Suite 625, Plano, Texas, and also includes a branch office of HWG.

The Bank offers a broad range of commercial and consumer banking and trust services primarily to small- to medium-sized businesses and their employees, and other institutions. The Bank’s technological capabilities, including worldwide free ATM withdrawals, sophisticated on-line banking capabilities, electronic funds transfer capabilities, and economical remote deposit solutions, allow most customers to be served regardless of their geographic location. The Bank serves its local geographic market which includes Dallas, Tarrant, Denton, Collin and Rockwall counties which encompass an area commonly referred to as the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. The Bank also serves the dental and other health professional industries through a centralized loan and deposit platform that operates out of its main office in Dallas, Texas. In addition, the Bank serves the small business community by offering loans guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”).

The Bank offers a wide range of deposit services including demand deposits, regular savings accounts, money market accounts, individual retirement accounts, and certificates of deposit with fixed rates and a range of maturity options. Lending services include commercial loans to small- to medium-sized businesses and professional concerns as well as consumers. The Bank also offers trust services. The Bank’s traditional fiduciary services clients primarily consist of clients of Cain Watters & Associates L.L.C. (“Cain Watters”). The Bank, Cain Watters and Tectonic Advisors entered into an advisory services agreement related to the trust operations in April 2006, which has been amended from time to time, most recently in July 2016. See Note 13, Related Parties, to these consolidated financial statements for more information.

In January 2019, the Bank acquired the assets of The Nolan Company (“Nolan”), a third-party administrator (“TPA”), based in Overland Park, Kansas. Founded in 1979, Nolan offers TPA services as a division of the Bank, and provides clients with retirement plan design and administrative services, specializing in ministerial recordkeeping, administration, actuarial and design services for retirement plans of small businesses and professional practices. Nolan has clients in 50 states and is the administrator for retirement plans. Approximately half of the retirement plans are serviced by our trust department. We believe that the addition of TPA services allows us to serve our clients more fully and to attract new clients to our trust platform. Please see Note 18, Nolan Acquisition, to these consolidated financial statements for more information.

Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, TBI, the Bank, Tectonic Advisors, Sanders Morris, and through Sanders Morris, HWG. Prior to the Tectonic Merger, Sanders Morris and Tectonic Advisors were wholly owned subsidiaries of Tectonic Holdings, which was under common control with the Company. The Tectonic Merger has been accounted for as a combination of businesses under common control in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Transactions Between Entities Under Common Control. Under Topic 805, all the assets and liabilities of Tectonic Holdings are carried over to the books of the Company at their then current carrying amounts, and the consolidated financial statements, including our earnings per share calculations, have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the effect of the Tectonic Merger. This includes the acquisition of Sanders Morris, HWG and Tectonic Advisors described below under Note 2, Tectonic Merger and Initial Public Offering of Series B Preferred Stock, for all periods subsequent to May 15, 2017, the earliest date at which the entities were under common control. Therefore, the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, although a portion of the period falls prior to the Tectonic Merger, represent the combination of the results of operations of TFI and Tectonic Holdings over the full period. In addition, all intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. In addition, the computation of all share and per share amounts in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the reverse stock split, which the Company completed immediately after the completion of the Tectonic Merger.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the SEC. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2019 in the audited financial statements included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No 001-38910), filed with the SEC on March 31, 2020 (“Form 10-K”).

In the opinion of management, all adjustments that were normal and recurring in nature, and considered necessary, have been included for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2020.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was reported in China, and, in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic, indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The spread of the outbreak has caused significant and prolonged disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates.

Although the Company’s current estimates are based on management’s evaluation of current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, due to the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on financial markets and the economy both locally and nationally, it is reasonably possible that the COVID-19 pandemic could materially affect these significant estimates and the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. See Part II, Item 1.A. “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-Q.

The Company is working with customers directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company has been and continues to be prepared to offer short-term assistance in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Should economic conditions worsen, the Company could experience further increases in its required allowance for loan loss and as a result, recognize additional provision for loan loss expense. It is possible that the Company’s asset quality measures could worsen at future measurement periods if the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to weigh on the economy.

In addition, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could cause what management would deem to be a triggering event that could, under certain circumstances, cause us to perform goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests and result in an impairment charge being recorded for that period. As of September 30, 2020, we determined that such impairment tests were not necessary.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period, as well as the disclosures provided. Actual results could be significantly different from those estimates. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. The determination of the allowance for loan losses, the fair value of stock options, the fair values of financial instruments and other real estate owned, and the status of contingencies are particularly susceptible to significant change in recorded amounts.

Accounting Changes, Reclassifications and Restatements. Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each year. The computation of all share and per share amounts in this Form 10-Q have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the reverse stock split. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted-average shares and all potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the following periods:

As of September 30, 2020, options to purchase 190,000 shares of common stock, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.37, were excluded from the computation of diluted net EPS because their effect was anti-dilutive.

Note 2. Tectonic Merger and Initial Public Offering of Series B Preferred Stock

Merger with Tectonic Holdings

On May 13, 2019, the Company completed the Tectonic Merger pursuant to the Tectonic Merger Agreement. In the Tectonic Merger, each common unit of Tectonic Holdings outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the Tectonic Merger was converted into one share of Company common stock, and each option to purchase one Tectonic Holdings common unit was converted into an option to purchase one share of Company common stock. Immediately after the completion of the Tectonic Merger, the Company completed a 1-for-2 reverse stock split, which left 6,568,750 common shares issued and outstanding as of May 14, 2019. The computation of all share and per share amounts in this Form 10-Q have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the reverse stock split.

As a condition precedent to the Tectonic Merger, immediately prior to the merger, approximately $8.0 million of Tectonic Advisors subordinated debt held by Dental Community Financial Holdings, Ltd. (“DCFH”), an entity that has as its general partner a corporation owned by one of the directors of the Company, was converted into 80,338 non-cumulative, perpetual preferred units of Tectonic Holdings (“Tectonic Holdings preferred units”).

In the Tectonic Merger, each Tectonic Holdings preferred unit was converted into one share of 10.0% Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company (“Series A preferred stock”). Dividends were paid on the Series A preferred stock at a rate of 10% per annum (payable quarterly).

On July 12, 2019, the Company repurchased 80,338 shares of its Series A preferred stock, representing all of the outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock, from DCFH for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $8.0 million. The repurchase was funded using a portion of the net proceeds from the initial public offering. The definitive terms of the Series A preferred stock were subject to the certificate of designation filed with our amended and restated certificate of formation. 

The Tectonic Merger has been accounted for as a combination of businesses under common control in accordance with Topic 805. Under Topic 805, all the assets and liabilities of Tectonic Holdings are carried over to the books of the Company at their then current carrying amounts. In addition, the Company’s consolidated financial statements have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the merger with Tectonic Holdings, including the issuance of the Series A preferred stock in exchange for the Tectonic Holdings preferred units, for all prior periods during which the entities were under common control. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

The balances shown below represent the assets and liabilities of Tectonic Holdings as of the date of the Tectonic Merger, May 13, 2019, that are reflected within the consolidated financial statements of the Company:

Initial Public Offering

On May 14, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering of 1,500,000 shares of its Series B preferred stock at a price to the public of $10.00 per share. On May 29, 2019, the underwriters exercised their option to purchase 225,000 additional shares of Series B preferred stock at the initial offering price (less underwriting discounts). The initial public offering resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $15.5 million, net of underwriting discounts and fees. The Series B preferred stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on May 28, 2019 under the symbol “TECTP.” See our IPO Registration Statement, initially filed with the SEC on April 18, 2019.

Note 3. Securities

A summary of amortized cost and fair value of securities is presented below.

Securities available for sale consist of U.S. government agency securities and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Securities held to maturity consists of Property Assessed Clean Energy investments. These investment contracts or bonds located in California and Florida, originate under a contractual obligation between the property owners, the local county administration, and a third-party administrator and sponsor. The assessments are created to fund the purchase and installation of energy saving improvements to the property such as solar panels. Generally, as a property assessment, the total assessment is repaid in installments over a period of 10 to 15 years by the then current property owner(s). Each installment is collected by the County Tax Collector where the property is located. The assessments are an obligation of the property. Securities, restricted consist of Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (“FRB”) and Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (“FHLB”) stock, which are carried at cost.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, securities available for sale with a fair value of $579,000 and $902,000, respectively, were pledged against trust deposit balances held at the Bank. 

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank held FRB stock in the amount of $1.2 million. The Bank held FHLB stock in the amount of $1.3 million and $1.2 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The FRB stock and FHLB stock were classified as restricted securities.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company held an income interest in a private investment, which is not readily marketable, accounted for under the cost method in the amount of $100,000.

The table below indicates the length of time individual investment securities have been in a continuous loss position as of September 30, 2020:

The number of investment positions in this unrealized loss position totaled one as of September 30, 2020. The Company does not believe these unrealized losses are “other than temporary” as (i) it does not have the intent to sell the securities prior to recovery and/or maturity and, (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will not have to sell the securities prior to recovery and/or maturity. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2020, no impairment loss has been realized in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities as of September 30, 2020 are presented below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential mortgage backed securities are shown separately since they are not due at a single maturity date.

Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Major classifications of loans held for investment are as follows:

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was signed by the President of the United States in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which established the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). The PPP is administered by the SBA with support from the Department of the Treasury. The PPP is a federally-guaranteed, low-interest rate loan program that is designed to provide a direct incentive for small businesses to keep workers on the payroll. Businesses may use PPP loan funds to pay up to twenty-four weeks of payroll costs as well as to cover other eligible business expenses. PPP loans may be partially or fully forgiven by the SBA if the funds are used for eligible expenses during the relevant forgiveness period and the borrower meets the employee retention criteria. PPP loans will carry an interest rate of 1.00% to be paid either by the SBA in the event of forgiveness or by the borrower for the term of the loan, which may be two or five years. PPP loans that the SBA approved on or after June 5, 2020 will have a maturity date of five years. Payments for PPP loans are deferred until the SBA issues a forgiveness decision or ten months after the end of the forgiveness period if the borrower fails to apply for forgiveness. Included in SBA 7(a) guaranteed loans at September 30, 2020, were $98.3 million of loans originated under the PPP. As mentioned above, the PPP loans may be forgiven by the SBA and are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA. Therefore, no allowance for loan losses is allocated to PPP loans.

As of September 30, 2020, our loan portfolio included $69.2 million of loans, approximately 17.2% of our total funded loans, and 22.8% of total funded loans, net of the SBA PPP loans of $98.3 million, to the dental industry. The Bank believes that these loans are to credit worthy borrowers and are diversified geographically. 

The Company serves the small business community by offering loans promulgated under the SBA’s 7(a) and 504 loan programs, and loans guaranteed by the USDA. SBA 7(a) and USDA loans are typically guaranteed by each agency in amounts ranging from 75% to 80% of the principal balance. For SBA construction loans, the Company records the guaranteed funded portion of the loans as held for sale. When the SBA loans are fully funded, the Company may sell the guaranteed portion into the secondary market, on a servicing-retained basis, or reclassify from loans held for sale to loans held for investment if the Company determines that holding these loans provide better long-term risk adjusted returns than selling the loans. In calculating gain on the sale of loans, the Company performs an allocation based on the relative fair values of the sold portion and retained portion of the loan. The Company’s assumptions are validated by reference to external market information.

The Company had $22.5 million and $9.9 million of SBA loans held for sale as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company sold $3.6 million and $9.8 million, respectively, of SBA loans, resulting in a gain on sale of loans of $290,000 and $722,000, respectively. The Company elected to reclassify $1.5 million and $9.0 million of the SBA 7(a) loans held for sale to loans held for investment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Loan Origination/Risk Management.

The Company maintains written loan origination policies, procedures, and processes which address credit quality at several levels including individual loan level, loan type, and loan portfolio levels.

Commercial and industrial loans, which are predominantly loans to dentists, are underwritten based on historical and projected income of the business and individual borrowers and guarantors. The Company utilizes a comprehensive global debt service coverage analysis to determine debt service coverage ratios. This analysis compares global cash flow of the borrowers and guarantors on an individual credit to existing and proposed debt after consideration of personal and business related other expenses. Collateral is generally a lien on all available assets of the business borrower including intangible assets. Credit worthiness of individual borrowers and guarantors is established through the use of credit reports and credit scores.

Consumer loans are evaluated on the basis of credit worthiness as established through the use of credit reports and credit scores. Additional credit quality indicators include borrower debt to income ratios based on verifiable income sources.

Real estate mortgage loans are evaluated based on collateral value as well as global debt service coverage ratios based on historical and projected income from all related sources including the collateral property, the borrower, and all guarantors where applicable.

The Company originates SBA loans which are sometimes sold into the secondary market. The Company continues to service these loans after sale and is required under the SBA programs to retain specified amounts. The two primary SBA loan programs that the Company offers are the basic 7(a) loan guaranty program and the 504 loan program in conjunction with junior lien financing from a Certified Development Company (“CDC”). The SBA has designated the Bank as a “Preferred Lender”. As a Preferred Lender, the Bank has been delegated loan approval, closing and most servicing and liquidation authority from the SBA.

The 7(a) program serves as the SBA’s primary business loan program to help qualified small businesses obtain financing when they might not be eligible for business loans through normal lending channels. Loan proceeds under this program can be used for most business purposes including working capital, machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, land and building (including purchase, renovation and new construction), leasehold improvements and debt refinancing. Loan maturity is generally up to 10 years for non-real estate collateral and up to 25 years for real estate collateral. The 7(a) loan is approved and funded by a qualified lender, partially guaranteed by the SBA and subject to applicable regulations. In general, the SBA guarantees up to 75% (100% for PPP loans) of the loan amount depending on loan size. The Company is required by the SBA to service the loan and retain a contractual minimum of 5% on all SBA 7(a) loans, but generally retains 25% (the unguaranteed portion). The servicing spread is 1% of the guaranteed portion of the loan that is sold in the secondary market. Included in the 7(a) loans reflected in this Form 10-Q are the PPP loans originated by the Company as of September 30, 2020.

The 504 program is an economic development-financing program providing long-term, low down payment loans to businesses. Typically, a 504 project includes a loan secured from a private-sector lender with a senior lien, a loan secured from a CDC (funded by a 100% SBA-guaranteed debenture) with a junior lien covering up to 40% of the total cost, and a contribution of at least 10% equity from the borrower. Debenture limits are $5.0 million for regular 504 loans and $5.5 million for those 504 loans that meet a public policy goal.

The Company also offers Business & Industry (“B&I”) program loans through the USDA. These loans are similar to the SBA product, except they are guaranteed by the USDA. The guaranteed amount is generally 80%. B&I loans are made to businesses in designated rural areas and are generally larger loans to larger businesses than the SBA 7(a) loans. Similar to the SBA 7(a) product, they can be sold into the secondary market. These loans can be utilized for rural commercial real estate and equipment. The loans can have maturities up to 30 years and the rates can be fixed or variable.

Construction and land development loans are evaluated based on the borrower’s and guarantor’s credit worthiness, past experience in the industry, track record and experience with the type of project being considered, and other factors. Collateral value is determined generally by independent appraisal utilizing multiple approaches to determine value based on property type.

For all loan types, the Company establishes guidelines for its underwriting criteria including collateral coverage ratios, global debt service coverage ratios, and maximum amortization or loan maturity terms.

At the portfolio level, the Company monitors concentrations of loans based on several criteria including loan type, collateral type, industry, geography, and other factors. The Company also performs periodic market research and economic analysis at a local geographic and national level. Based on this research, the Company may from time to time change the minimum or benchmark underwriting criteria applied to the above loan types.

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. A loan may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future principal and interest amounts contractually due are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained period of repayment performance by the borrower.

Non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if due to the borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company has granted a concession that the Company would not otherwise consider. This may include a transfer of real estate or other assets from the borrower, a modification of loan terms, or a combination of the two. Modification of loan terms may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules, reductions in collateral and other actions intended to minimize potential losses.

The provisions of the CARES Act include an election to suspend accounting for troubled debt restructurings in certain circumstances, such as extensions or deferrals, related to the COVID-19 pandemic made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of (i) December 31, 2020 or (ii) the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 pandemic declared under the National Emergencies Act terminates. The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The Company elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act. As of September 30, 2020, there were modifications made to 19 loans with a total outstanding balance of $22.8 million, or 5.7% of the total loan portfolio, down from 139 loans with a total outstanding balance of $92.8 million, or 23.7% of the loan portfolio, as of June 30, 2020. The modifications primarily included a delay of principal and/or interest payments for three months. These loans continue to accrue interest and are evaluated for past due status based on the revised payment terms. Under the applicable guidance, none of these loans were considered restructured as of September 30, 2020.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no loans identified as troubled debt restructurings. There were no new troubled debt restructurings during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.

The Company’s impaired loans and related allowance is summarized in the following table:

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. The Company’s past due loans are as follows:

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including internal credit risk based on past experiences as well as external statistics and factors. Loans are graded in one of six categories: (i) pass, (ii) pass-watch, (iii) special mention, (iv) substandard, (v) doubtful, or (vi) loss. Loans graded as loss are charged-off.

The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on credits quarterly. No significant changes were made to the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology during the past year. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).

Credits rated pass are acceptable loans, appropriately underwritten, bearing an ordinary risk of loss to the Company. Loans in this category are loans to highly credit worthy borrowers with financial statements presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment.

Credits rated pass-watch loans have been determined to require enhanced monitoring for potential weaknesses which require further investigation. They have no significant delinquency in the past twelve months. This rating causes the loan to be actively monitored with greater frequency than pass loans and allows appropriate downgrade transition if verifiable adverse events are confirmed. This category may also include loans that have improved in credit quality from special mention but are not yet considered pass loans.

Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness; however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly.

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed. Guaranteed portions of SBA loans graded substandard are generally on non-accrual due to the limited amount of interest covered by the guarantee, usually 60 days maximum. However, there typically will be no exposure to loss on the principal amount of these guaranteed portions of the loan.

Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss.

Loans classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

The following table summarizes the Company’s internal ratings of its loans as of the dates indicated:

The activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is presented below. Management has evaluated the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses by estimating the losses in various categories of the loan portfolio.