Tectonic Financial, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38910

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas

82-0764846

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

16200 Dallas Parkway, Suite 190

Dallas, Texas 75248

(Address of principal executive offices)

(972) 720 - 9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Series B preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share	TECTP	The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to filed such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of November 10, 2023 was 7,028,564 shares.

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page

Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	61
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	62

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		63
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	63
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	63
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	63
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	63
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	63
Item 5.	Other Information	63
Item 6.	Exhibits	64

SIGNATURES		65

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except share amounts)	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	6,701		$	8,549
Interest-bearing deposits		39,676			32,562
Federal funds sold		1,357			1,044
Total cash and cash equivalents		47,734			42,155
Securities available for sale		21,366			20,633
Securities held to maturity		24,186			25,262
Securities, restricted at cost		4,150			3,496
Securities, not readily marketable		317			100
Loans held for sale		15,433			33,902
Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $5,998 and $4,513, respectively		473,196			445,819
Bank premises and equipment, net		4,829			4,629
Core deposit intangible, net		412			569
Goodwill		21,440			21,440
Deferred tax asset		1,001			636
Other assets		15,228			13,895
Total assets	$	629,292		$	612,536

LIABILITIES
Demand deposits:
Non-interest-bearing	$	86,875		$	94,187
Interest-bearing		156,422			137,148
Time deposits		257,279			261,690
Total deposits		500,576			493,025
Subordinated notes		12,000			12,000
Other liabilities		11,849			11,013
Total liabilities		524,425			516,038
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 11)

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, 9.00% fixed to floating rate Series B non-cumulative, perpetual ($0.01 par value; 1,725,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022)		17			17
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 7,094,453 shares issued at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and 7,063,564 and 7,068,884 shares outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		71			71
Additional paid-in capital		51,071			50,695
Treasury stock, at cost; 30,889 shares and 25,569 shares as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		(581	)		(481	)
Retained earnings		56,694			48,564
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,405	)		(2,368	)
Total shareholders’ equity		104,867			96,498
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	629,292		$	612,536

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data and share amounts)	2023			2022		2023		2022
Interest Income
Loan, including fees	$	10,590		$	7,877	$	30,028	$	22,083
Securities		513			538		1,527		1,290
Federal funds sold		12			4		31		5
Interest-bearing deposits		578			193		2,274		286
Total interest income		11,693			8,612		33,860		23,664
Interest Expense
Deposits		4,788			1,378		12,428		2,714
Borrowed funds		339			242		1,000		713
Total interest expense		5,127			1,620		13,428		3,427
Net interest income		6,566			6,992		20,432		20,237
Provision for credit losses		(38	)		150		732		477
Net interest income after provision for credit losses		6,604			6,842		19,700		19,760
Non-interest Income
Trust income		1,664			1,470		4,764		4,624
Gain on sale of loans		-			-		581		-
Advisory income		3,643			3,317		10,803		10,249
Brokerage income		1,986			2,430		5,765		8,614
Service fees and other income		2,740			2,338		8,129		6,442
Rental income		92			79		218		268
Total non-interest income		10,125			9,634		30,260		30,197
Non-interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits		7,614			7,717		23,117		23,053
Occupancy and equipment		499			394		1,445		1,265
Trust expenses		648			537		1,711		1,695
Brokerage and advisory direct costs		497			488		1,440		1,514
Professional fees		367			298		1,428		1,051
Data processing		241			203		647		593
Other		1,537			1,224		4,987		3,927
Total non-interest expense		11,403			10,861		34,775		33,098
Income before Income Taxes		5,326			5,615		15,185		16,859
Income tax expense		1,156			1,154		3,280		3,372
Net Income		4,170			4,461		11,905		13,487
Preferred stock dividends		388			388		1,164		1,164
Net income available to common stockholders	$	3,782		$	4,073	$	10,741	$	12,323

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.54		$	0.58	$	1.52	$	1.75
Diluted		0.52			0.56		1.47		1.68

Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,063,564			7,062,319		7,066,117		7,061,225
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		7,296,069			7,306,607		7,298,622		7,319,334

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net Income	$	4,170		$	4,461		$	11,905		$	13,487
Other comprehensive loss:
Change in unrealized loss on securities available for sale		(361	)		(1,005	)		(47	)		(2,805	)
Tax effect		(76	)		(211	)		(10	)		(589	)
Other comprehensive loss		(285	)		(794	)		(37	)		(2,216	)
Comprehensive Income	$	3,885		$	3,667		$	11,868		$	11,271

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)	Series B Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Treasury Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	17	$	71	$	50,176	$	-		$	34,851		$	(328	)	$	84,787
Exercise of stock options		-		-		43		-			-			-			43
Purchase of treasury stock at cost		-		-		-		(181	)		-			-			(181	)
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		-		-		-		-			(388	)		-			(388	)
Dividends paid on common stock		-		-		-		-			(441	)		-			(441	)
Net income		-		-		-		-			4,285			-			4,285
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-			-			(868	)		(868	)
Stock based compensation		-		-		87		-			-			-			87
Balance at March 31, 2022	$	17	$	71	$	50,306	$	(181	)	$	38,307		$	(1,196	)	$	87,324
Repayments of note receivable utilized to exercise options		-		-		50		-			-			-			50
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		-		-		-		-			(388	)		-			(388	)
Dividends paid on common stock		-		-		-		-			(442	)		-			(442	)
Net income		-		-		-		-			4,741			-			4,741
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-			-			(554	)		(554	)
Stock based compensation		-		-		90		-			-			-			90
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	17	$	71	$	50,446	$	(181	)	$	42,218		$	(1,750	)	$	90,821
Exercise of stock options		-		-		54		-			-			-			54
Purchase of treasury stock at cost		-		-		-		(235	)		-						(235	)
Repayments of note receivable utilized to exercise options		-		-		50		-			-			-			50
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		-		-		-		-			(388	)		-			(388	)
Dividends paid on common stock		-		-		-		-			(442	)		-			(442	)
Net income		-		-		-		-			4,461			-			4,461
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-			-			(794	)		(794	)
Stock based compensation		-		-		13		-			-			-			13
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	17	$	71	$	50,563	$	(416	)	$	45,849		$	(2,544	)	$	93,540

Balance at January 1, 2023	$	17	$	71	$	50,695	$	(481	)	$	48,564		$	(2,368	)	$	96,498
Cumulative change in accounting principle (adoption of ASC 326)		-		-		-		-			(1,286	)		-			(1,286	)
Balance at January 1, 2023, as adjusted for change in accounting principle (adoption of ASC 326)		17		71		50,695		(481	)		47,278			(2,368	)		95,212
Repayments of note receivable utilized to exercise options		-		-		50		-			-			-			50
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		-		-		-		-			(388	)		-			(388	)
Dividends paid on common stock		-		-		-		-			(442	)		-			(442	)
Net income		-		-		-		-			4,714			-			4,714
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-		-			-			338			338
Stock based compensation		-		-		75		-			-			-			75
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	17	$	71	$	50,820	$	(481	)	$	51,162		$	(2,030	)	$	99,559
Purchase of treasury stock at cost		-		-		-		(100	)		-			-			(100	)
Repayments of note receivable utilized to exercise options		-		-		50		-			-			-			50
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		-		-		-		-			(388	)		-			(388	)
Dividends paid on common stock		-		-		-		-			(442	)		-			(442	)
Net income		-		-		-		-			3,021			-			3,021
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-			-			(90	)		(90	)
Stock based compensation		-		-		75		-			-			-			75
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	17	$	71	$	50,945	$	(581	)	$	53,353		$	(2,120	)	$	101,685
Repayments of note receivable utilized to exercise options		-		-		50		-			-			-			50
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		-		-		-		-			(388	)		-			(388	)
Dividends paid on common stock		-		-		-		-			(441	)		-			(441	)
Net income		-		-		-		-			4,170			-			4,170
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-		-			-			(285	)		(285	)
Stock based compensation		-		-		76		-			-			-			76
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	17	$	71	$	51,071	$	(581	)	$	56,694		$	(2,405	)	$	104,867

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2023			2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	11,905		$	13,487
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Provision for credit losses		732			477
Depreciation		183			170
Accretion of discount on loans		(14	)		(23	)
Core deposit intangible amortization		157			155
Securities premium accretion, net		(61	)		(7	)
Origination of loans held for sale		(34,859	)		(39,416	)
Proceeds from payments and sales of loans held for sale		6,565			402
Loss on sale of other real estate owned		-			6
Gain on sale of loans		(581	)		-
Stock based compensation		226			190
Deferred income taxes		(13	)		53
Servicing assets, net		4			155
Net change in:
Other assets		(1,299	)		104
Other liabilities		589			1,790
Net cash used in operating activities		(16,466	)		(22,457	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of securities held to maturity		-			(7,408	)
Purchase of securities available for sale		(302,877	)		(281,519	)
Principal payments, calls and maturities of securities available for sale		302,119			275,285
Principal payments of securities held to maturity		1,115			877
Purchase of securities, restricted		(8,957	)		(9,599	)
Proceeds from sale of securities, restricted		8,303			8,543
Proceeds from sales of real estate owned		-			555
Purchase of securities not readily marketable		(217	)		-
Net change in loans		17,830			41,690
Purchases of premises and equipment		(383	)		(55	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		16,933			28,369
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net change in demand deposits		11,962			18,879
Net change in time deposits		(4,411	)		8,080
Proceeds from borrowed funds		348,400			284,300
Repayment of borrowed funds		(348,400	)		(318,821	)
Dividends paid on common stock		(1,325	)		(1,325	)
Dividends paid on Series B preferred stock		(1,164	)		(1,164	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		-			97
Repayments on note receivable utilized to exercise stock options		150			100
Purchase of treasury stock at cost		(100	)		(416	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		5,112			(10,270	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		5,579			(4,358	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		42,155			45,992
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	47,734		$	41,634

Non Cash Transactions
Transfers from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	$	47,305		$	52,825
Lease liabilities incurred in exchange for right-of-use assets	$	61		$	58
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	13,365		$	3,646
Income taxes	$	2,500		$	3,515

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

Tectonic Financial, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a Texas corporation and financial holding company that offers, through its subsidiaries, banking and other financial services including trust, investment advisory, securities brokerage, factoring, third-party administration, recordkeeping and insurance services to individuals, small businesses and institutions across the United States.

We operate through four main direct and indirect subsidiaries: (i) T Bancshares, Inc. (“TBI”), which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas on December 23, 2002 to serve as the registered bank holding company for T Bank, N.A., a national banking association (the “Bank”), (ii) Sanders Morris LLC (“Sanders Morris”), a registered broker-dealer with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and registered investment advisor with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, (“SEC”), (iii) Tectonic Advisors, LLC (“Tectonic Advisors”), a registered investment advisor registered with the SEC focused generally on managing money for relatively large, affiliated institutions, and (iv) HWG Insurance Agency LLC (“HWG”), an insurance agency registered with the Texas Department of Insurance (“TDI”).

We are headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The Bank operates through its main office located at 16200 Dallas Parkway, Dallas, Texas. Our other subsidiaries operate from offices in Houston, Dallas and Frisco, Texas. Our Houston, Texas office is located at 600 Travis Street, 59^th Floor, Houston, Texas, and includes the home offices of Sanders Morris and HWG, as well as Tectonic Advisors’ family office services team. Our other Dallas office, which is a branch office of Sanders Morris, is located at 5950 Sherry Lane, Suite 470, Dallas, Texas. The main office for Tectonic Advisors is in Frisco, Texas, and is located at 17 Cowboys Way, Suite 250, Frisco, Texas, and also includes a branch office of HWG.

The Bank offers a broad range of commercial and consumer banking and trust services primarily to small- to medium-sized businesses and their employees, and other institutions. The Nolan Company (“Nolan”), operating as a division within the Bank from Nolan’s office in Overland Park, Kansas, offers third party administration (“TPA”) services, and Integra Funding Solutions, LLC (“Integra”), also operating as a division within the Bank from Integra’s office in Fort Worth, Texas, offers factoring services. The Bank’s technological capabilities, including worldwide free ATM withdrawals, sophisticated on-line banking capabilities, electronic funds transfer capabilities, and economical remote deposit solutions, allow most customers to be served regardless of their geographic location. The Bank serves its local geographic market which includes Dallas, Tarrant, Denton, Collin and Rockwall counties in Texas which encompass an area commonly referred to as the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. The Bank also serves the dental and other health professional industries through a centralized loan and deposit platform that operates out of its main office in Dallas, Texas. In addition, the Bank serves the small business community by offering loans guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”).

The Bank offers a wide range of deposit services including demand deposits, regular savings accounts, money market accounts, individual retirement accounts, and certificates of deposit with fixed rates and a range of maturity options. Lending services include commercial loans to small- to medium-sized businesses and professional concerns as well as consumers. The Bank also offers trust services. The Bank’s traditional fiduciary services clients primarily consist of clients of Cain, Watters & Associates, LLC (“Cain Watters”). The Bank, Cain Watters and Tectonic Advisors entered into an advisory services agreement related to the Bank’s trust operations in April 2006, which has been amended from time to time, most recently in July 2016. See Note 12 – Related Parties, to these consolidated financial statements for more information. In addition, the Nolan division of the Bank offers TPA services and provides clients with retirement plan design and administrative services, specializing in ministerial recordkeeping, administration, actuarial and design services for retirement plans of small businesses and professional practices. We believe offering TPA services allows us to serve our clients more fully and to attract new clients to our trust platform.

Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 (this “Form 10-Q”) include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q adopted by the SEC. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, and notes thereto, for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the audited financial statements included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023.

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In the opinion of management, all adjustments that were normal and recurring in nature, and considered necessary, have been included for the fair presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period, as well as the disclosures provided. Actual results could be significantly different from those estimates. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates. The determination of the allowance for credit losses, the fair value of stock options, the fair values of financial instruments and other real estate owned, and the status of contingencies are particularly susceptible to significant change in recorded amounts.

Accounting Changes, Reclassifications and Restatements. Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

New Accounting Pronouncements. The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”), effective on January 1, 2023. The guidance replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The CECL model requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASC 326 requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of a company’s portfolio. ASU 2016-13 permits the use of estimation techniques that are practical and relevant to the Company’s circumstances, as long as they are applied consistently over time and faithfully estimate expected credit losses in accordance with the standard. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for available for sale debt securities. One such change is to require credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available for sale debt securities management does not intend to sell or believes that it is more likely than not they will be required to sell. Management has made a policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available for sale securities from the estimate of credit losses and report accrued interest separately in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for loans and off-balance-sheet (“OBS”) credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable incurred loss model under GAAP. The Company recorded a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to the allowance for credit losses of $1.4 million which was recognized through a $1.1 million adjustment to retained earnings, net of tax. This adjustment brought the beginning balance of the allowance for credit losses to $5.9 million as of January 1, 2023. In addition, the Company recorded a $237,505 reserve on unfunded commitments which is recorded in other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and was recognized through a $188,000 adjustment to retained earnings, net of tax.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for debt securities for which other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized prior to January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company did not have any other-than-temporarily impaired investment securities. Therefore, upon adoption of ASC 326, the Company determined that an allowance for credit losses for debt securities was not required.

ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in ASC Subtopic 310-40, Receivables -Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, ASU 2022-02 requires entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of ASC Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a modified retrospective basis effective on January 1, 2023. The adoption did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

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Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted-average shares and all potential dilutive shares outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS for the following periods:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income available to common shareholders	$	3,782	$	4,073	$	10,741	$	12,323
Weighted average shares outstanding		7,064		7,062		7,066		7,061
Effect of dilutive shares		232		245		233		258

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding		7,296		7,307		7,299		7,319

Basic earnings per share	$	0.54	$	0.58	$	1.52	$	1.75
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52	$	0.56	$	1.47	$	1.68

As of September 30, 2023, options to purchase 167,500 shares of common stock, with a weighted average exercise price of $5.51, were included in the computation of diluted net earnings per share. In addition, as of September 30, 2023, 170,000 shares of restricted stock grants with a grant date fair value of $4.81 per share which vest from 2023 through 2025 were included in the diluted earnings per share calculation.

Note 2. Securities

A summary of amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of securities is presented below as of the dates indicated.

	September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	3,956	$	-	$	24	$	-	$	3,932
U.S. government agencies		15,664		-		2,565		-		13,099
Mortgage-backed securities		4,790		-		455		-		4,335
Total securities available for sale	$	24,410	$	-	$	3,044	$	-	$	21,366

Securities held to maturity:
Property assessed clean energy	$	1,328	$	110	$	-	$	-	$	1,438
Public improvement district/tax increment reinvestment zone		22,858		1,134		28		-		23,964
Total securities held to maturity	$	24,186	$	1,244	$	28	$	-	$	25,402

Securities, restricted:
Other	$	4,150	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	4,150

Securities not readily marketable	$	317	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	317

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	December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	1,990	$	-	$	37	$	-	$	1,953
U.S. government agencies		15,715		-		2,627		-		13,088
Mortgage-backed securities		5,925		-		333		-		5,592
Total securities available for sale	$	23,630	$	-	$	2,997	$	-	$	20,633

Securities held to maturity:
Property assessed clean energy	$	1,596	$	126	$	-	$	-	$	1,722
Public improvement district/tax increment reinvestment zone		23,666		1,137		43		-		24,760
Total securities held to maturity	$	25,262	$	1,263	$	43	$	-	$	26,482

Securities, restricted:
Other	$	3,496	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	3,496

Securities not readily marketable	$	100	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	100

Securities available for sale consist of U.S. government agency securities and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Securities held to maturity consist of Property Assessed Clean Energy (“PACE”) and Public Improvement District/Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone (“PID/TIRZ”) investments. These investment contracts or bonds are located in Texas, California and Florida, and originate under a contractual obligation between the property owners, the local county or city administration, and a third-party administrator and sponsor. PACE assessments are created to fund the purchase and installation of energy saving improvements to the property such as solar panels. PID/TIRZ assessments are used to pay for the development costs of a residential subdivision. Generally, as a property assessment, the total assessment is repaid in installments over a period of 5 to 32 years by the then current property owner(s). Each installment is collected by the County or City Tax Collector where the property is located. The assessments are an obligation of the property. Securities, restricted consist of Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas (“FRB”) and Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas (“FHLB”) stock, which are carried at cost.

During the three and nine months ended September, 2023 and 2022, no securities available for sale were sold, and there were no realized gains or losses recorded on sales for the three and nine months ended September, 2023 and 2022.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, securities available for sale with a fair value of $974,000 and $94,000, respectively, were pledged against trust deposit balances held at the Bank. During March 2023, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) created the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”), which was made available to banks in response to liquidity concerns in the United States banking system. The BTFP allows the whole par value of available for sale securities to be included as the collateral value. As of September 30, 2023, securities with a par value of $23.3 million were pledged to the Federal Reserve under the BTFP, none of which was borrowed against.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank held FRB stock in the amount of $2.2 million. The Bank held FHLB stock in the amount of $1.9 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, all of which were classified as securities, restricted.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company held an income interest in a private investment, which is not readily marketable, accounted for under the cost method in the amount of $317,000 and $100,000, respectively.

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The table below indicates the length of time individual investment securities have been in a continuous loss position as of September 30, 2023:

	September 30, 2023
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	2,950	$	7	$	982	$	17	$	3,932	$	24
U.S. government agencies		-		-		13,099		2,565		13,099		2,565
Mortgage-backed securities		-		-		4,335		455		4,335		455
Total	$	2,950	$	7	$	18,416	$	3,037	$	21,366	$	3,044
Securities held to maturity:
Public improvement district/tax increment reinvestment zone	$	1,388	$	28	$	-	$	-	$	1,388	$	28
Total	$	1,388	$	28	$	-	$	-	$	1,388	$	28

Beginning January 1, 2023, the Company evaluates all securities quarterly to determine if any debt securities in a loss position require an allowance for credit losses in accordance with ASC 326. The Company had a total of twenty-three (23) investment positions in the unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2023. The Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors based upon our analysis of the underlying risk characteristics, including credit ratings, such as bond ratings, and other qualitative factors related to our available for sale securities and in consideration of our historical credit loss experience and internal forecasts. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for (or reversal of) credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

As of September 30, 2023, no allowance for credit losses has been recognized on available for sale and held to maturity securities in an unrealized loss position as management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. This is based upon our analysis of the underlying risk characteristics, including credit ratings, and other qualitative factors related to our securities and in consideration of our historical credit loss experience and internal forecasts. The issuers of these securities are U.S. government agencies who continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Furthermore, management does not have the intent to sell any of the securities classified as available for sale in the table above and believes that it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell any such securities before a recovery of cost. The unrealized losses are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities available for sale as of September 30, 2023 are presented in the table below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Residential mortgage-backed securities are shown separately since they are not due at a single maturity date.

	Available for Sale				Held to Maturity
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	3,956	$	3,932	$	-	$	-
Due after one year through five years		10,997		9,526		1,416		1,388
Due after five years through ten years		1,092		946		367		390
Due after ten years		3,575		2,627		22,403		23,624
Mortgage-backed securities		4,790		4,335		-		-
Total	$	24,410	$	21,366	$	24,186	$	25,402

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Note 3. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Major classifications of loans held for investment are as follows as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial	$	82,273	$	92,946
Consumer installment		879		1,058
Real estate – residential		7,953		5,566
Real estate – commercial		76,320		63,924
Real estate – construction and land		20,237		3,873
SBA:
SBA 7(a) guaranteed		166,195		149,374
SBA 7(a) unguaranteed		58,557		56,268
SBA 504		40,756		52,668
USDA		2,129		2,235
Factored Receivables		23,895		22,420
Gross Loans		479,194		450,332
Less:
Allowance for credit losses		5,998		4,513
Net loans	$	473,196	$	445,819

As of September 30, 2023, our loan portfolio included $79.4 million of loans, or approximately 16.6%, of our total funded loans to the dental industry, as compared to $83.9 million of loans, or 18.63% of total funded loans, as of December 31, 2022. The Bank believes that these loans are to credit worthy borrowers and are diversified geographically.

Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $2.6 million and $2.2 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Loans with carrying amounts of $54.9 million and $40.0 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure FHLB borrowing capacity and FRB discount window borrowing capacity.

The Company serves the small business community by offering loans promulgated under the SBA’s 7(a) and 504 loan programs, and loans guaranteed by the USDA. SBA 7(a) and USDA loans are typically guaranteed by each agency in amounts ranging from 75% to 80% of the principal balance. For SBA construction loans, the Company records the guaranteed funded portion of the loans as held for sale. When the SBA loans are fully funded, the Company may sell the guaranteed portion into the secondary market, on a servicing-retained basis, or reclassify from loans held for sale to loans held for investment if the Company determines that holding these loans provide better long-term risk adjusted returns than selling the loans. In calculating gain on the sale of loans, the Company performs an allocation based on the relative fair values of the sold portion and retained portion of the loan. The Company’s assumptions are validated by reference to external market information.

The Company had $15.4 million and $33.9 million of SBA/USDA loans held for sale as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold the guaranteed portion of one USDA loan totaling $5.8 million, resulting in a gain on sale loans of $581,000. There were no sales during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company elected to reclassify $19.6 million and $47.3 million, respectively, of the SBA 7(a) loans held for sale to loans held for investment.

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Loan Origination/Risk Management.

The Company maintains written loan origination policies, procedures, and processes which address credit quality within an acceptable level of risk at several levels including individual loan level, loan type, and loan portfolio levels.

Commercial and industrial loans, which are predominantly loans to dentists, are underwritten based on historical and projected income of the business and individual borrowers and guarantors. The Company utilizes a comprehensive global debt service coverage analysis to determine debt service coverage ratios. This analysis compares global cash flow of the borrowers and guarantors on an individual credit to existing and proposed debt after consideration of personal and business-related other expenses. Collateral is generally a lien on all available assets of the business borrower including intangible assets. Credit worthiness of individual borrowers and guarantors is established through the use of credit reports and credit scores.

Consumer loans are evaluated on the basis of credit worthiness as established through the use of credit reports and credit scores. Additional credit quality indicators include borrower debt to income ratios based on verifiable income sources.

Real estate mortgage loans are evaluated based on collateral value as well as global debt service coverage ratios based on historical and projected income from all related sources including the collateral property, the borrower, and all guarantors where applicable.

The Company originates SBA loans which are sometimes sold into the secondary market. The Company continues to service these loans after sale and is required under the SBA programs to retain specified amounts. The two primary SBA loan programs that the Company offers are the basic SBA 7(a) loan guaranty program and the SBA 504 loan program in conjunction with junior lien financing from a Certified Development Company (“CDC”). The SBA has designated the Bank as a “Preferred Lender.” As an SBA Preferred Lender, the Bank has been delegated loan approval, closing and most servicing and liquidation authority from the SBA.

The SBA 7(a) program serves as the SBA’s primary business loan program to help qualified small businesses obtain financing when they might not be eligible for business loans through normal lending channels. Loan proceeds under this program can be used for most business purposes including working capital, machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures, land and building (including purchase, renovation and new construction), leasehold improvements and debt refinancing. Loan maturity is generally up to 10 years for non-real estate collateral and up to 25 years for real estate collateral. The SBA 7(a) loan is approved and funded by a qualified lender, partially guaranteed by the SBA and subject to applicable regulations. In general, the SBA guarantees up to 75% of the loan amount depending on loan size. The Company is required by the SBA to service the loan and retain a contractual minimum of 5% on all SBA 7(a) loans, but generally retains 25% (the unguaranteed portion). The servicing spread is 1% of the guaranteed portion of the loan that is sold in the secondary market.

The SBA 504 program is an economic development-financing program providing long-term, low down payment loans to businesses. Typically, a 504 project includes a loan secured from a private-sector lender with a senior lien, a loan secured from a CDC (funded by a 100% SBA-guaranteed debenture) with a junior lien covering up to 40% of the total cost, and a contribution of at least 10% equity from the borrower. Debenture limits are $5.0 million for regular 504 loans and $5.5 million for those 504 loans that meet a public policy goal.

The Company also offers Business & Industry (“B&I”) program loans through the USDA. These loans are similar to the SBA product, except they are guaranteed by the USDA. The guaranteed amount is generally 80%. B&I loans are made to businesses in designated rural areas and are generally larger loans to larger businesses than the SBA 7(a) loans. Similar to the SBA 7(a) product, they can be sold into the secondary market. These loans can be utilized for rural commercial real estate and equipment. The loans can have maturities up to 30 years and the rates can be fixed or variable.

Construction and land development loans are evaluated based on the borrower’s and guarantor’s credit worthiness, past experience in the industry, track record and experience with the type of project being considered, and other factors. Collateral value is determined generally by independent appraisal utilizing multiple approaches to determine value based on property type.

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The Bank engages in third-party factoring of certain business’s accounts receivable invoices. The Bank’s factoring clients are primarily in the transportation industry. Each account debtor is credit qualified, confirming credit worthiness and stability, because the underlying debtor represents the substantive underlying credit risk. Some factored receivables are full recourse to and personally guaranteed by the factoring client. In such cases, the client is credit qualified under specific policy guidelines. Concentration limits are set and monitored for aggregate factored receivables, account debtors, and individual factoring clients. In addition, we consider the overall state of each specific industry, currently over-the-road trucking, in our evaluation of the credit worthiness of the factoring client and the underlying debtor.

For all loan types, the Company establishes guidelines for its underwriting criteria including collateral coverage ratios, global debt service coverage ratios, and maximum amortization or loan maturity terms.

At the portfolio level, the Company monitors concentrations of loans based on several criteria including loan type, collateral type, industry, geography, and other factors. The Company also performs periodic market research and economic analysis at a local geographic and national level. Based on this research, the Company may from time to time change the minimum or benchmark underwriting criteria applied to the above loan types.

Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in the opinion of the Company’s management, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. A loan may be returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future principal and interest amounts contractually due are reasonably assured, which is typically evidenced by a sustained period of repayment performance by the borrower.

Non-accrual loans, segregated by class of loans, were as follows as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate – residential	$	130	$	138
SBA guaranteed		1,574		2,221
SBA unguaranteed		140		107
Total	$	1,844	$	2,466

There was no allowance for credit losses for non-accrual loans as of September 30, 2023. The Company did not recognize any interest income on non-accrual loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

From time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of a principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension or a combination thereof, among other things. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company provided one modification to extend the maturity date of a SBA loan with an outstanding balance of $357,000, or 0.08% of total loans.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of September 30, 2023:

(In thousands)	Residential Real Estate
Real estate – residential	$	130
SBA unguaranteed		140
Total	$	270

Prior to the adoption of ASC 326, loans were considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance was allocated, if necessary, so that the loan was reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.

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The Company’s impaired loans and related allowance is summarized in the following table as of December 31, 2022:

	Unpaid		Recorded		Recorded
	Contractual		Investment		Investment		Total				Average		Interest
	Principal		With No		With		Recorded		Related		Recorded		Income
(In thousands)	Balance		Allowance		Allowance		Investment		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
											Year Ended December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	181	$	-
SBA		2,759		2,126		-		2,126		-		2,287		-
Total	$	2,759	$	2,126	$	-	$	2,126	$	-	$	2,468	$	-

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. The Company’s past due loans (including both accruing and non-accruing loans) are as follows as of the dates indicated:

	30-89 Days		90 Days or		Total		Total		Total		90 Or More Days Past Due
(In thousands)	Past Due		More Past Due		Past Due		Current		Loans		Still Accruing
September 30, 2023
Commercial and industrial	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	82,273	$	82,273	$	-
Consumer installment		-		-		-		879		879		-
Real estate – residential		-		-		-		7,953		7,953		-
Real estate – commercial		-		-		-		76,320		76,320		-
Real estate – construction and land		-		-		-		20,237		20,237		-
SBA 7a		-		1,179		1,179		223,573		224,752		-
SBA 504		-		-		-		40,756		40,756		-
USDA		-		-		-		2,129		2,129		-
Factored Receivables		902		78		980		22,915		23,895		78
Total	$	902	$	1,257	$	2,159	$	477,035	$	479,194	$	78

December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial	$	395	$	-	$	395	$	92,551	$	92,946	$	-
Consumer installment		-		-		-		1,058		1,058		-
Real estate – residential		138		-		138		5,428		5,566		-
Real estate – commercial		-		206		206		63,718		63,924		206
Real estate – construction and land		-		-		-		3,873		3,873		-
SBA 7a		-		2,327		2,327		203,315		205,642		-
SBA 504		-		-		-		52,668		52,668		-
USDA		-		-		-		2,235		2,235		-
Factored receivables		966		132		1,098		21,322		22,420		132
Total	$	1,499	$	2,665	$	4,164	$	446,168	$	450,332	$	338

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including internal credit risk based on past experiences as well as external statistics and factors. Loans are graded in one of six categories: (i) pass, (ii) pass-watch, (iii) special mention, (iv) substandard, (v) doubtful, or (vi) loss. Loans graded as loss are charged-off.

The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on credits quarterly. No significant changes were made to the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for credit loss methodology during the past year. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific allocations are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss).

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Credits rated pass are acceptable loans, appropriately underwritten, bearing an ordinary risk of loss to the Company. Loans in this category are loans to highly credit worthy borrowers with financial statements presenting a good primary source as well as an adequate secondary source of repayment.

Credits rated pass-watch loans have been determined to require enhanced monitoring for potential weaknesses which require further investigation. They have no significant delinquency in the past twelve months. This rating causes the loan to be actively monitored with greater frequency than pass loans and allows appropriate downgrade transition if verifiable adverse events are confirmed. This category may also include loans that have improved in credit quality from special mention but are not yet considered pass loans.

Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness; however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly.

Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed. Guaranteed portions of SBA loans graded substandard are generally on non-accrual due to the limited amount of interest covered by the guarantee, usually 60 days maximum. However, there typically will be no exposure to loss on the principal amount of these guaranteed portions of the loan.

Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss.

Loans classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

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The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis of loans by year of origination and internal ratings as of September 30, 2023:

	Term Loans by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	8,519	$	26,850	$	18,593	$	8,715	$	5,669	$	11,786	$	1,941	$	82,073
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		200		-		-		-		-		-		200
Total	$	8,519	$	27,050	$	18,593	$	8,715	$	5,669	$	11,786	$	1,941	$	82,273
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	14	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	14
Consumer installment
Pass	$	224	$	137	$	193	$	62	$	96	$	97	$	70	$	879
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	224	$	137	$	193	$	62	$	96	$	97	$	70	$	879
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Real estate–- residential
Pass	$	471	$	4,593	$	1,793	$	758	$	-	$	208	$	-	$	7,823
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		130		-		130
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	471	$	4,593	$	1,793	$	758	$	-	$	338	$	-	$	7,953
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Real estate–- commercial
Pass	$	4,978	$	25,831	$	19,097	$	4,946	$	8,986	$	12,482	$	-	$	76,320
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	4,978	$	25,831	$	19,097	$	4,946	$	8,986	$	12,482	$	-	$	76,320
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Real estate – construction/land
Pass	$	13,595	$	6,642	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	20,237
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	13,595	$	6,642	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	20,237
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
SBA 7a
Pass	$	30,723	$	47,972	$	60,425	$	18,904	$	13,164	$	23,923	$	-	$	195,111
Pass-watch		-		3,349		1,507		5,052		6,516		5,711		-		22,135
Special mention		-		465		88		1,518		1,634		3,378		-		7,083
Substandard		-		-		-		-		366		57		-		423
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	30,723	$	51,786	$	62,020	$	25,474	$	21,680	$	33,069	$	-	$	224,752
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	58	$	270	$	-	$	328
SBA 504
Pass	$	642	$	7,251	$	8,973	$	7,550	$	6,641	$	9,699	$	-	$	40,756
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	642	$	7,251	$	8,973	$	7,550	$	6,641	$	9,699	$	-	$	40,756
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

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	Term Loans by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
USDA
Pass	$	-	$	1,323	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	806	$	-	$	2,129
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	-	$	1,323	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	806	$	-	$	2,129
Current period gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Factored Receivables
Pass	$	23,895	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	23,895
Pass-watch		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Special mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	23,895	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	23,895
Current period gross write-offs	$	339	$	115	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	454
Total
Pass	$	83,047	$	120,599	$	109,074	$	40,935	$	34,556	$	59,001	$	2,011	$	449,223
Pass-watch		-		3,349		1,507		5,052		6,516		5,711		-		22,135
Special mention		-		465		88		1,518		1,634		3,378		-		7,083
Substandard		-		-		-		-		366		187		-		553
Doubtful		-		200		-		-		-		-		-		200
Total	$	83,047	$	124,613	$	110,669	$	47,505	$	43,072	$	68,277	$	2,011	$	479,194
Current period gross write-offs	$	339	$	129	$	-	$	-	$	58	$	270	$	-	$	796

The following table summarizes the Company’s internal ratings of its loans in accordance with previously applicable incurred loss model under GAAP as of December 31, 2022:

			Pass-		Special
(In thousands)	Pass		Watch		Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	92,551	$	395	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	92,946
Consumer installment		1,058		-		-		-		-		1,058
Real estate – residential		5,428		-		-		138		-		5,566
Real estate – commercial		63,718		-		-		206		-		63,924
Real estate – construction and land		3,873		-		-		-		-		3,873
SBA		231,914		20,665		4,778		953		-		258,310
USDA		2,235		-		-		-		-		2,235
Factored receivables		22,420		-		-		-		-		22,420
Total	$	423,197	$	21,060	$	4,778	$	1,297	$	-	$	450,332

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 effective on January 1, 2023. The guidance replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the CECL methodology. The new CECL model requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for loans and OBS credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the previously applicable incurred loss model under GAAP. The Company recorded a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to the allowance for credit losses of $1.4 million which was recognized through a $1.1 million adjustment to retained earnings, net of tax. This adjustment brought the beginning balance of the allowance for credit losses to $5.9 million as of January 1, 2023. In addition, the Company recorded a $237,505 reserve on unfunded commitments which is recorded in other liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and was recognized through a $188,000 adjustment to retained earnings, net of tax.

Under ASC 326, the allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off against the allowance when they are deemed uncollectible. The Company’s allowance for credit losses for loans consists of two components: (1) a specific valuation allowance based on probable losses on specifically identified loans and (2) a general valuation allowance based on historical loan loss experience, general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company.

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The Company uses the open pool life method to estimate expected losses for all of the Company’s loan pools. The loan portfolio pools were selected in order to generally align with the loan categories specified in the quarterly call reports required to be filed with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, except for the dental, SBA and USDA loans, are segregated in separate pools.

Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. In setting the specific valuation allowance, the Company follows a loan review program to evaluate the credit risk in the total loan portfolio and assigns risk grades to each loan. Through this loan review process, the Company maintains an internal list of impaired loans, which along with the delinquency list of loans, helps management assess the overall quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. All loans that have been identified as impaired are reviewed on a quarterly basis in order to determine whether a specific reserve is required. For certain impaired loans, the Company allocates a specific reserve primarily based on the value of the collateral securing the loan or when the discounted cash flows for the loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan.

In determining the amount of the general valuation allowance, management considers factors such as historical lifetime loan loss experience, concentration risk of specific loan types, the volume, growth and composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasted economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s ability to pay and the value of collateral, the evaluation of the Company’s loan portfolio through its internal loan review process, general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company and other relevant factors in accordance with ASC Topic 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” Historical lifetime loan loss experience is determined by utilizing an open-pool (“cumulative loss rate”) methodology. Adjustments to the historical lifetime loan loss experience are made for differences in current loan pool risk characteristics such as portfolio concentrations, delinquency, non-accrual, and watch list levels, as well as changes in current and forecasted economic conditions such as unemployment rates, property and collateral values, and other indices relating to economic activity. The utilization of reasonable and supportable forecasts includes an immediate reversion to lifetime historical loss rates. For all loan pools, management has determined two years represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts to a historical loss rate over two years on a straight-line basis. Based on a review of these factors for each loan type, the Company applies an estimated percentage to the outstanding balance of each loan type, excluding any loan that has a specific reserve allocated to it. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

(In thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Consumer Installment		Real Estate Residential		Real Estate Commercial		Real Estate Construction and Land		SBA			USDA		Factored Receivables			Total
Three months ended:
September 30, 2023
Beginning Balance	$	2,454		$	21	$	57	$	613	$	51	$	2,329		$	18	$	595		$	6,138
Provision for credit losses		-			-		-		-		-		-			-		(38	)		(38	)
Charge-offs		(14	)		-		-		-		-		-			-		(155	)		(169	)
Recoveries		-			-		-		-		-		15			-		52			67
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(14	)		-		-		-		-		15			-		(103	)		(102	)
Ending balance	$	2,440		$	21	$	57	$	613	$	51	$	2,344		$	18	$	454		$	5,998

September 30, 2022
Beginning Balance	$	1,223		$	15	$	61	$	786	$	48	$	1,464		$	19	$	619		$	4,235
Provision for credit losses		(9	)		-		14		52		5		(62	)		-		150			150
Charge-offs		(1	)		-		-		-		-		-			-		(259	)		(260	)
Recoveries		30			-		-		-		-		5			-		9			44
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		29			-		-		-		-		5			-		(250	)		(216	)
Ending balance	$	1,243		$	15	$	75	$	838	$	53	$	1,407		$	19	$	519		$	4,169

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(In thousands)	Commercial and Industrial			Consumer Installment			Real Estate Residential			Real Estate Commercial			Real Estate Construction and Land			SBA			USDA			Factored Receivables			Total
Nine months ended:
September 30, 2023
Beginning Balance	$	1,302		$	14		$	79		$	899		$	55		$	1,505		$	51		$	608		$	4,513
Impact of adopting ASC 326		1,042			13			(32	)		(308	)		57			651			(33	)		-			1,390
Provision for credit losses		110			(6	)		10			22			(61	)		483			-			164			722
Charge-offs		(14	)		-			-			-			-			(328	)		-			(454	)		(796	)
Recoveries		-			-			-			-			-			33			-			136			169
Net charge-offs		(14	)		-			-			-			-			(295	)		-			(318	)		(627	)
Ending balance	$	2,440		$	21		$	57		$	613		$	51		$	2,344		$	18		$	454		$	5,998

September 30, 2022
Beginning Balance	$	1,154		$	15		$	76		$	869		$	40		$	1,324		$	20		$	654		$	4,152
Provision for credit losses		90			-			(1	)		(31	)		13			109			(1	)		298			477
Charge-offs		(31	)		-			-			-			-			(42	)		-			(471	)		(544	)
Recoveries		30			-			-			-			-			16			-			38			84
Net charge-offs		(1	)		-			-			-			-			(26	)		-			(433	)		(460	)
Ending balance	$	1,243		$	15		$	75		$	838		$	53		$	1,407		$	19		$	519		$	4,169

The following table presents the allowance for credit losses for loans by type of allowance methodology as of December 31, 2022.

(In thousands)	Commercial and Industrial		Consumer Installment		Real Estate Residential		Real Estate Commercial		Real Estate Construction and Land		SBA		USDA		Factored Receivables		Total
December 31, 2022
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		1,302		14		79		899		55		1,505		51		608		4,513
Ending balance	$	1,302	$	14	$	79	$	899	$	55	$	1,505	$	51	$	608	$	4,513

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2022 related to each balance in the allowance for credit losses for loans by portfolio segment by type of allowance methodology.

(In thousands)	Commercial and Industrial		Consumer Installment		Real Estate Residential		Real Estate Commercial		Real Estate Construction and Land		SBA		USDA		Factored Receivables		Total
December 31, 2022
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	2,126	$	-	$	-	$	2,126
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment		92,946		1,058		5,566		63,924		3,873		256,184		2,235		22,420		448,206
Ending balance	$	92,946	$	1,058	$	5,566	$	63,924	$	3,873	$	258,310	$	2,235	$	22,420	$	450,332

Management continues to closely monitor for credit changes resulting from the uncertain forecasted economic conditions, the continued rising interest rate environment, and the persistent high inflation levels in the United States and our market areas, and potential recession in the United States and our market areas. Additional provisions for credit losses may be necessary in future periods.

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Note 4. Leases

The Company leases certain office facilities and office equipment under operating leases. Certain of the leases contain provisions for renewal options, escalation clauses based on increases in certain costs incurred by the lessor, as well as free rent periods and tenant improvement allowances. The Company amortizes office lease incentives and rent escalations on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective leases. The Company has obligations under operating leases that expire between 2023 and 2034 with initial non-cancellable terms in excess of one year.

We recognize our operating leases on our consolidated balance sheet. Right-of-use assets represent our right to utilize the underlying asset during the lease term, while lease liability represents the obligation to make periodic lease payments over the life of the lease. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, right-of-use assets totaled $2.6 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and are reported as other assets on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The related lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 totaled $2.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, and are reported in other liabilities on our accompanying consolidated balance sheet. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term is sixty-five months, and the weighted average discount rate is 4.11%.

As of September 30, 2023, the minimum rental commitments under these noncancelable operating leases are as follows:

(In thousands)
2023	$	326
2024		677
2025		765
2026		509
2027		228
2028 and thereafter		702
Total minimum rental payments		3,207
Less: Interest		(534	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	2,673

The Company currently receives rental income from seven tenants in its headquarters building for office space the Company does not occupy. Aggregate future minimum rentals to be received under non-cancelable leases as of September 30, 2023 were $1.2 million through 2028 were as follows:

(In thousands)
2023	$	91
2024		342
2025		321
2026		241
2027 and thereafter		233
Total minimum rental payments	$	1,228

Note 5. Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible

Goodwill and core deposit intangible assets were as follows:

(In thousands)

September 30,

2023

December 31,

2022

Goodwill

21,440

Core deposit intangible, net

412

569

Core deposit intangible is amortized on a straight-line basis over the initial estimated lives of the deposits, which range from five to twelve years. The core deposit intangible amortization totaled $52,000 and $157,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $52,000 and $155,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

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The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of the core deposit intangible as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Gross carrying basis	$	1,708		$	1,708
Accumulated amortization		(1,296	)		(1,139	)
Net carrying amount	$	412		$	569

The estimated amortization expense of the core deposit intangible remaining as of September 30, 2023 is as follows:

(In thousands)
2023 remaining	$	53
2024		210
2025		149
Total	$	412

Note 6. Deposits

Deposits were as follows:

(In thousands, except percentages)	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
Non-interest bearing demand	$	86,875	17	%	$	94,187	19	%
Interest-bearing demand (NOW)		4,668	1			6,216	1
Money market accounts		145,144	29			122,880	25
Savings accounts		6,610	1			8,052	2
Time deposits		257,279	52			261,690	53
Total	$	500,576	100	%	$	493,025	100	%

The aggregate amount of demand deposit overdrafts that have been reclassified as loans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was insignificant.

Note 7. Borrowed Funds and Subordinated Notes

The Company has a blanket lien credit line with the FHLB with borrowing capacity of $54.9 million secured by commercial loans. The Company determines its borrowing needs and utilizes overnight advance accordingly at varying terms. The Company had no borrowings with FHLB as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company also has a credit line with the FRB with borrowing capacity of $46.5 million, secured by commercial loans. The Company had no borrowings under this line from the FRB as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As part of the BTFP, the Federal Reserve offered loans of up to one year in length to banks and other eligible depository institutions pledging U.S. treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets as collateral, which are assessed at par value. The Bank pledged AFS securities with par value of $23.3 million to provide additional liquidity to meet the needs of depositors as of September 30, 2023. The Company had no borrowings related to the BTFP as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company also had outstanding subordinated notes totaling $12.0 million, consisting of $8.0 million issued in 2017 bearing an interest rate of three month LIBOR plus 5.125%, with interest payable quarterly and maturing on July 20, 2027, at which all principal is due, and $4.0 million issued in 2018 bearing a fixed interest rate of 7.125% payable semi-annually up to July 18, 2023, and converting to variable rate at three month LIBOR plus 5.125% payable quarterly, and maturing on March 31, 2028. The subordinated notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to the payment of our existing and future senior indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries. Beginning July 1, 2023, in accordance with the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act and the rules promulgated by the Federal Reserve thereunder, the Company’s outstanding subordinated notes transitioned to an adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) index.

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Note 8. Benefit Plans

The Company funds certain costs for medical benefits in amounts determined at the discretion of management. The Company has a retirement savings 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees of the Bank, and a second plan covering substantially all employees of Sanders Morris, Tectonic Advisors and the Company.

Under the plans, the Company matches 100% of the employee’s contribution on the first 1% of the employee’s compensation, and 50% of the employee’s contribution on the next 5% of the employee’s compensation. An eligible employee may contribute up to the annual maximum contribution allowed for a given year under guidance from the Internal Revenue Service. At its discretion, the Company may also make additional annual contributions to the plans. Any discretionary contributions are allocated to employees in the proportion of employee contributions to the total contributions of all participants in the plans. No discretionary contributions were made during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The amount of employer contributions charged to expense under the two plans was $150,000 and $533,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $119,000 and $441,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and is included in salaries and employee benefits on the consolidated statements of income. There was no accrual payable to the plans as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Note 9. Income Taxes

Income tax expense was approximately $1.2 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.2 million and $3.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company’s effective income tax rate was 21.7% and 21.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 20.6% and 20.0% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to the effect of state income tax expense.

Net deferred tax assets totaled $1.0 million and $636,000 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company files U.S. federal and state income tax returns.

Note 10. Stock Compensation Plans

The board of directors and shareholders adopted the Tectonic Financial, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (“Plan”) in May 2017 in connection with the Company’s acquisition of TBI. The Plan was amended and restated by the Company and its shareholders effective March 27, 2019 in connection with the Company’s initial public offering. The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors and authorizes the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units to employees, directors and consultants in order to promote the success of the Company’s business. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees of the Company, or a parent or subsidiary of the Company. The Company reserved 750,000 authorized shares of common stock for the Plan. The term of each stock option is no longer than 10 years from the date of the grant.

The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation plans using the fair value-based method of accounting. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant by a third party using a closed form option valuation (Black-Scholes) model. The fair value of each grant award was estimated on the date of grant by a third party using the market approach based on the application of latest 12-month Company metrics to guideline public company multiples.

On September 27, 2021, 40,000 shares of restricted stock of the Company with an exercise price of $10.00 per share and an intrinsic value of $6.92 per share were granted with a contract life through December 31, 2021. Sanders Morris issued a full recourse secured promissory note at the time of the grant. These shares of restricted stock vested immediately, and were exercised on October 29, 2021, with the grantees utilizing the proceeds of the promissory note from Sanders Morris to fund the exercise price. This note receivable is recognized within a contra-equity account, with payments by the grantees reducing this balance as they occur. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the note receivable balance was $100,000 and $250,000, respectively. The shares are subject to a right of repurchase by the Company under certain circumstances through December 31, 2023.

There were no stock options exercised, granted, vested, or forfeited during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. No options were exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, options on 12,500 and 22,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, respectively, were exercised at $4.30 per share.

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The number of options outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 167,500 and 180,000, respectively, and the weighted average exercise price at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $5.51. The weighted average contractual life as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 3.62 years and 4.37 years, respectively. Stock options outstanding at the end of the period had immaterial aggregate intrinsic values. The weighted-average grant date fair value of the options at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $1.98.

As of September 30, 2023, all 167,500 stock options outstanding were vested, and unrecognized compensation cost totaled $20,000, all of which was related to the right of repurchase period for the 40,000 shares of restricted stock issued and exercised in 2021. The Company recorded compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, and for the 40,000 shares of restricted stock granted September 27, 2021, over the right of repurchase period. The Company recorded salaries and employee benefits expense on our consolidated statements of income in connection with the Plan of approximately $20,000 and $61,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $20,000 and $58,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, related to the stock options.

The Company granted restricted stock awards totaling 210,000 shares of common stock on September 30, 2020. The vesting schedules vary by award, with all of the awards vesting over a three-year period from 2023 through 2025.

As of September 30, 2023, 170,000 awarded shares of restricted stock were outstanding, and the grant date fair value was $4.81. None of the outstanding restricted stock awards were vested as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The weighted average contractual life as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 0.79 years and 1.54 years, respectively. The Company is recording compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting periods. The Company recorded salaries and employee benefits expense on our consolidated statements of income in connection with the Plan of approximately $56,000 and $165,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. There was a $78,000 reversal in compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022, which was related to the forfeiture of 30,000 unvested restricted stock awards, offsetting expense recognized of $71,000, resulting in a net credit of $7,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company recorded salaries and employee benefits expense on our consolidated statements of income in connection with the Plan of approximately $132,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2023, there was $153,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the restricted stock awards.

Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

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The following table summarizes loan commitments:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Undisbursed loan commitments	$	55,635	$	43,427
Standby letters of credit		162		161
Total	$	55,797	$	43,588

Allowance For Credit Losses - Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is a liability account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which we are exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. No allowance is recognized if we have the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. Off-balance-sheet credit exposures primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding lines of credit and letters of credit detailed in the table above. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that funding will occur, and the amount expected to be funded over the estimated remaining life of the commitment or other off-balance-sheet exposure. The likelihood and expected amount of funding are based on historical utilization rates. The amount of the allowance represents management’s best estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. Estimating credit losses on amounts expected to be funded uses the same methodology as described for loans in Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, as if such commitments were funded.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet commitments.

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	248	$	-
Impact of adopting ASC 326		-		238
Provision for off-balance sheet credit exposure		-		10
Ending balance	$	248	$	248

The Company is involved in various regulatory inspections, inquiries, investigations and proceedings, and litigation matters that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. The process of resolving matters through litigation or other means is inherently uncertain, and it is possible that an unfavorable resolution of these matters, will adversely affect the Company, its results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. The Company’s regular practice is to expense legal fees as services are rendered in connection with legal matters, and to accrue for liabilities when payment is probable.

The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Sanders Morris, has uncommitted financing arrangements with clearing brokers that finance its customer accounts, certain broker-dealer balances, and firm trading positions. Although these customer accounts and broker-dealer balances are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets for financial reporting purposes, Sanders Morris has generally agreed to indemnify these clearing brokers for losses they may sustain in connection with the accounts, and therefore, retains risk on these accounts. Sanders Morris is required to maintain certain cash or securities on deposit with its clearing brokers. Deposits with clearing organizations were $250,000 at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Employment Agreements

The Company is party to amended and restated employment agreements with Patrick Howard, President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, and Ken Bramlage, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company. In addition, the Company entered into an employment agreement with A. Haag Sherman, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, in connection with the Company’s merger with Tectonic Holdings and its initial public offering. Messrs. Sherman and Howard’s employment agreements have a four year term and Mr. Bramlage’s employment agreement has a three year term. Each employment agreement is automatically renewable for an additional one-year term unless either party elects not to renew.

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Note 12. Related Parties

Advisors’ service agreements: In January 2006, the Company entered into a services agreement (the “Tectonic Advisors-CWA Services Agreement”) with Cain Watters. The owners of Cain Watters together hold approximately 30% of the voting ownership in the Company. Under the Tectonic Advisors-CWA Services Agreement, Cain Watters pays the Company for due diligence and research services on investment alternatives available to Cain Watters’ clients. The Company earned $86,000 and $139,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $71,000 and $168,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, under the Tectonic Advisors-CWA Services Agreement. These fees are included in investment advisory and other related services in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company had $197,000 in fees payable and $21,000 in fees receivable related to these services at each of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, which is included in other liabilities and other assets, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets.

CWA Fee Allocation Agreement: In January 2006, Tectonic Advisors entered into an agreement (the “Fee Allocation Agreement”) with Cain Watters with reference to its advisory agreement with the Bank. Tectonic Advisors had $205,000 and $193,000 payable to Cain Watters related to this agreement at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which are included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, Sanders Morris issued a note receivable in the amount of $400,000 related to the exercise of restricted stock options which were granted to employees of Sanders Morris on September 27, 2021. See Note 10 - Stock Compensation Plans, to these consolidated financial statements for more information. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the note receivable balance was $100,000 and $250,000, respectively.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, certain officers, directors and their affiliated companies had depository accounts with the Bank totaling approximately $6.1 million and $8.3 million, respectively. None of those deposit accounts have terms more favorable than those available to any other depositor. There were no loans outstanding to directors of the Bank or their affiliated companies as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Note 13. Regulatory Matters

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s and, accordingly, the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under GAAP, regulatory reporting requirements, and regulatory capital standards. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Furthermore, the Bank’s regulators could require adjustments to regulatory capital not reflected in these financial statements.

Quantitative measures established by regulatory capital standards to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital to total risk-weighted assets, and of tier 1 capital to average assets. To be categorized as “well-capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework, the Bank must maintain (i) a Total risk-based capital ratio of 10%; (ii) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8%; (iii) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5%; and (iv) a CET1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5%.

The Basel III minimum capital ratio requirements and additional capital conservation buffers as applicable to the Company and the Bank as of September 30, 2023 are summarized in the table below.

	BASEL III Minimum for Capital Adequacy Requirements			BASEL III Additional Capital Conservation Buffer			BASEL III Ratio with Capital Conservation Buffer
Total Risk Based Capital (total capital to risk weighted assets)		8.0	%		2.5	%		10.5	%
Tier 1 Risk Based Capital (tier 1 to risk weighted assets)		6.0	%		2.5	%		8.5	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Risk Based ( CET1 to risk weighted assets)		4.5	%		2.5	%		7.0	%
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 to average assets)		4.0	%		-	%		4.0	%

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Accordingly, a financial institution may be considered “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework, but not satisfy the buffered Basel III capital ratios. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company met the definition of “well-capitalized” under the applicable regulations of the Federal Reserve and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were in excess of the capital conservation buffer and the levels established for “well capitalized” institutions under the FDIC’s regulatory framework for prompt corrective action and the Basel III capital guidelines.

The regulatory capital ratios of the Company and the Bank are as follows:

	Actual					Minimum Capital Required - Basel III					Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
(In thousands, except percentages)	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
As of September 30, 2023
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)	$	90,623		21.63	%	$	44,002		10.50	%	$	41,906		10.00	%
T Bank, N.A.		89,980		21.73			43,476		10.50			41,405		10.00
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)		85,385		20.38			35,620		8.50			33,525		8.00
T Bank, N.A.		84,791		20.48			35,195		8.50			33,124		8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)		68,135		16.26			29,334		7.00			27,239		6.50
T Bank, N.A.		84,791		20.48			28,984		7.00			26,913		6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)		85,385		13.96			24,464		4.00			30,580		5.00
T Bank, N.A.		84,791		14.05			24,142		4.00			30,178		5.00

As of December 31, 2022
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)	$	81,317		20.21	%	$	42,243		10.50	%	$	40,232		10.00	%
T Bank, N.A.		81,279		20.42			41,786		10.50			39,796		10.00
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)		76,805		19.09			34,197		8.50			32,185		8.00
T Bank, N.A.		76,767		19.29			33,826		8.50			31,837		8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk Weighted Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)		59,555		14.80			28,162		7.00			26,150		6.50
T Bank, N.A.		76,767		19.29			27,857		7.00			25,867		6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)
Tectonic Financial, Inc. (consolidated)		76,805		13.27			23,153		4.00			28,941		5.00
T Bank, N.A.		76,767		13.47			22,795		4.00			28,494		5.00

Dividend Restrictions. Banking regulations may limit the amount of dividends that may be paid. Approval by regulatory authorities is required if the effect of dividends declared (including those on the Series A preferred stock) would cause the regulatory capital of the Bank and/or the Company to fall below specified minimum levels. Approval is also required if dividends declared exceed the net profits for that year combined with the retained net profits for the preceding two years. As of September 30, 2023, approximately $13.9 million was available for the declaration of dividends by the Bank to the Company without prior approval of regulatory agencies and still maintain its “well capitalized” status. In addition, as a Texas corporation, we are restricted under the Texas Business Organizations Code from paying dividends under certain conditions. Under Texas law, we cannot pay dividends to shareholders if the dividends exceed our surplus or if after giving effect to the dividends, we would be insolvent.

In addition to the regulatory requirements of the federal banking agencies, Sanders Morris and Tectonic Advisors are subject to the regulatory framework applicable to registered investment advisors under the SEC’s Division of Investment Management, and additionally, Sanders Morris is regulated by FINRA, which, among other requirements, imposes minimums on its net regulatory capital.

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Note 14. Operating Segments

The Company’s reportable segments consist of “Banking,” “Other Financial Services,” and “HoldCo” operations.

The “Banking” segment consists of operations relative to the Company’s full service banking operations, including providing depository and lending services to individual and business customers, and other related banking services, along with services provided through the factoring operations of the Bank’s Integra division.

The “Other Financial Services” segment includes managed and directed brokerage, investment advisory services, including related trust company operations, third party administration, and life and disability insurance brokerage services to both individuals and businesses.

The “HoldCo” operations include the operations and subordinated debt held at the Bank’s immediate parent, as well as the activities of the financial holding company which serves as TBI’s parent.

The tables below present the financial information for each segment that is specifically identifiable, or based on allocations using internal methods, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

(In thousands)	Banking			Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Income Statement
Total interest income	$	11,693		$	-	$	-		$	11,693
Total interest expense		4,804			-		323			5,127
Provision for credit losses		(38	)		-		-			(38	)
Net interest income (loss) after provision for credit losses		6,927			-		(323	)		6,604
Non-interest income		403			9,722		-			10,125
Depreciation and amortization expense		104			14		-			118
All other non-interest expense		4,345			5,783		1,157			11,285
Income (loss) before income tax	$	2,881		$	3,925	$	(1,480	)	$	5,326

Goodwill and other intangibles	$	19,502		$	2,350	$	-		$	21,852
Total assets	$	615,659		$	12,775	$	858		$	629,292

(In thousands)	Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Income Statement
Total interest income	$	33,860	$	-	$	-		$	33,860
Total interest expense		12,558		-		870			13,428
Provision for credit losses		732		-		-			732
Net interest income (loss) after provision for credit losses		20,570		-		(870	)		19,700
Non-interest income		1,664		28,596		-			30,260
Depreciation and amortization expense		302		39		-			341
All other non-interest expense		12,554		19,328		2,552			34,434
Income (loss) before income tax	$	9,378	$	9,229	$	(3,422	)	$	15,185

Goodwill and other intangibles	$	19,502	$	2,350	$	-		$	21,852
Total assets	$	615,659	$	12,775	$	858		$	629,292

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(In thousands)	Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Income Statement
Total interest income	$	8,612	$	-	$	-		$	8,612
Total interest expense		1,386		-		234			1,620
Provision for loan losses		150		-		-			150
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses		7,076		-		(234	)		6,842
Non-interest income		317		9,317		-			9,634
Depreciation and amortization expense		95		12		-			107
All other non-interest expense		4,117		6,309		328			10,754
Income (loss) before income tax	$	3,181	$	2,996	$	(562	)	$	5,615

Goodwill and other intangibles	$	19,712	$	2,350	$	-		$	22,062
Total assets	$	574,113	$	12,722	$	1,157		$	587,992

(In thousands)	Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Income Statement
Total interest income	$	23,664	$	-	$	-		$	23,664
Total interest expense		2,755		-		672			3,427
Provision for credit losses		477		-		-			477
Net interest income (loss) after provision for credit losses		20,432		-		(672	)		19,760
Non-interest income		910		29,273		14			30,197
Depreciation and amortization expense		285		41		-			326
All other non-interest expense		11,220		20,224		1,328			32,772
Income (loss) before income tax	$	9,837	$	9,008	$	(1,986	)	$	16,859

Goodwill and other intangibles	$	19,712	$	2,350	$	-		$	22,062
Total assets	$	574,113	$	12,722	$	1,157		$	587,992

Note 15. Fair Value of Financials Instruments

The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell that asset or paid to transfer that liability in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. In estimating fair value, the Company utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. Such valuation techniques are consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

	●	Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
	●	Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
	●	Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

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Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or independent asset pricing services and pricing models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. The Company has no securities in the Level 1 or Level 3 inputs.

The following table summarizes securities available for sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

(In thousands)	Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs		Total Fair Value
As of September 30, 2023
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	-	$	3,932	$	-	$	3,932
U.S. government agencies		-		13,099		-		13,099
Mortgage-backed securities		-		4,335		-		4,335
As of December 31, 2022
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	-	$	1,953	$	-	$	1,953
U.S. government agencies		-		13,088		-		13,088
Mortgage-backed securities		-		5,592		-		5,592

Market valuations of our investment securities which are classified as level 2 are provided by an independent third party. The fair values are determined by using several sources for valuing fixed income securities. Their techniques include pricing models that vary based on the type of asset being valued and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. In accordance with the fair value hierarchy, the market valuation sources include observable market inputs and are therefore considered Level 2 inputs for purposes of determining the fair values.

The Company considers transfers between the levels of the hierarchy to be recognized at the end of related reporting periods. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, no assets for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis transferred between any levels of the hierarchy.

Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the reported periods include impaired loans and loans held for sale.

Impaired loans. As of December 31, 2022, there were no impaired loans that were reduced by specific valuation allowances.

The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent impaired loans primarily relate to the specialized discounting criteria applied to the borrower’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the collateral, as well as other factors which may affect the collectability of the loan. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to liquidate the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, collateral that is less marketable would receive a larger discount. During the reported periods, there were no discounts for collateral-dependent impaired loans.

The valuation of our not readily marketable investment securities which are classified as Level 3 are based on the Company’s own assumptions and inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement, and are unobservable.

Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the Level 3 fair value measurements in their entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the assets. It is reasonably possible that a change in the estimated fair value for instruments measured using Level 3 inputs could occur in the future.

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Loans held for sale. Loans held for sale include the guaranteed portion of SBA and USDA loans and are reported at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Fair value for SBA and USDA loans is based on market indications available in the market. There were no impairments reported for the periods presented.

Non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the reported periods include other real estate owned which, upon initial recognition, was re-measured and reported at fair value through a charge-off to the allowance for credit losses. Additionally, foreclosed assets which, subsequent to their initial recognition, are re-measured at fair value through a write-down included in other non-interest expense. Regulatory guidelines require the Company to reevaluate the fair value of foreclosed assets on at least an annual basis. The fair value of foreclosed assets, upon initial recognition and impairment, are re-measured using Level 2 inputs based on observable market data. Estimated fair value of other real estate is based on appraisals. Appraisers are selected from the list of approved appraisers maintained by management. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no foreclosed assets. There were no foreclosed assets re-measured during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis are described as follows:

Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, restricted securities, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable. The estimated fair value of demand and savings deposits is the carrying amount since rates are regularly adjusted to market rates and amounts are payable on demand. For borrowed funds and variable rate loans or deposits that re-price frequently and fully, the estimated fair value is the carrying amount. For fixed rate loans or deposits and for variable rate loans or deposits with infrequent re-pricing, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and credit risk. For loans held for sale, the estimated fair value is based on market indications for similar assets in the active market. The estimated fair value of other financial instruments and off-balance-sheet loan commitments approximate cost and are not considered significant to this presentation.

The Company adds a servicing asset when loans are sold and the servicing is retained, and uses the amortization method for the treatment of the servicing asset. The servicing asset is carried at lower of cost or fair value. Loan servicing assets do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. Accordingly, fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow model having significant inputs of discount rate, prepayment speed and default rate. Due to the nature of the valuation inputs, servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company added servicing assets totaling $38,000 in connection with the sale of a $5.8 million USDA loan. There was no sale of loans during the three months ended September 30, 2023. There was no sale of loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There was no allowance provision for servicing assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

FASB ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for cash and cash equivalents and accrued interest. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis are discussed below.

Securities held to maturity. The securities in this category include PACE and PID/TIRZ investments. These investment contracts or bonds originate under a contractual obligation between the property owners, the local county administration, and a third-party administrator and sponsor. The fair value of these investments are estimated using observable market inputs in a discounted cash flow analysis.

Loans. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk. The fair value of fixed-rate loans and variable-rate loans which reprice on an infrequent basis is estimated by discounting future cash flows using the current interest rates at which similar loans with similar terms would be made to borrowers of similar credit quality.

Deposits. The fair values of demand deposits, savings deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand and, therefore, approximate their carrying amounts. The fair values for time deposits are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that utilizes interest rates currently being offered on time deposits with similar contractual maturities.

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Borrowed Funds. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for short-term borrowings. The fair value of long-term fixed-rate borrowings is estimated using quoted market prices, if available, or by discounting future cash flows using current interest rates for similar financial instruments. The estimated fair value approximates carrying value for variable-rate junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures that reprice quarterly.

Loan Commitments, Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit. Our lending commitments have variable interest rates and “escape” clauses if the customer’s credit quality deteriorates. Therefore, the fair values of these items are not significant and are not included in the following table.

Carrying amounts and estimated fair values of other financial instruments by level of valuation input were as follows:

	September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Level 1 inputs:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	47,734	$	47,734
Level 2 inputs:
Securities available for sale		21,366		21,366
Securities, restricted		4,150		4,150
Loans held for sale		15,433		16,634
Accrued interest receivable		4,057		4,057
Level 3 inputs:
Securities held to maturity		24,186		25,402
Securities not readily marketable		317		317
Loans, net		473,196		462,033
Servicing asset		359		359
Financial liabilities:
Level 1 inputs:
Non-interest bearing deposits		86,875		86,875
Level 2 inputs:
Interest bearing deposits		413,701		411,645
Subordinated notes		12,000		12,000
Accrued interest payable		655		655

	December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial assets:
Level 1 inputs:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	42,155	$	42,155
Level 2 inputs:
Securities available for sale		20,633		20,633
Securities, restricted		3,496		3,496
Loans held for sale		33,902		36,470
Accrued interest receivable		3,102		3,102
Level 3 inputs:
Securities held to maturity		25,262		26,482
Securities not readily marketable		100		100
Loans, net		445,819		438,956
Servicing asset		324		324
Financial liabilities:
Level 1 inputs:
Non-interest bearing deposits		94,187		94,187
Level 2 inputs:
Interest bearing deposits		398,838		389,806
Borrowed funds		12,000		12,000
Accrued interest payable		592		592

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Note 16. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has evaluated new accounting standards that have recently been issued and have determined that there are no new accounting standards that should be described in this section that will materially impact the Company’s operations, financial condition or liquidity in future periods.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 (this “Form 10-Q”), as well as with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 31, 2023 (the “2022 Form 10-K”).

Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including our expectations, intentions, beliefs, or strategies regarding the future. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “will likely result,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would” and “outlook,” and similar expressions. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may differ materially from those in or implied by such forward-looking statements due to the factors discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors,” in our 2022 Form 10-K, including, but not limited to, the following:

●

potential recession in the United States and our market areas;

●

the impacts related to or resulting from recent bank failures and any continuation of the recent uncertainty in the banking industry, including the associated impact to the Company and other financial institutions of any regulatory changes or other mitigation efforts taken by governmental agencies in response thereto;

●

liquidity risks, including those related to having enough liquid assets to meet depositor demands;

●

risks associated with generating deposits from retail sources without a branch network so that we can fund our loan portfolio and growth;

●

our ability to maintain a strong core deposit base or other low-cost funding sources;

●

risks associated with higher cost deposits relative to our peer group, which has an impact on our net interest margin and profits;

●

increased competition for deposits and related changes in deposit customer behavior;

●

risks associated with the persistent inflationary environment in the United States and our market areas, and its impact on market interest rates, the economy and credit quality;

●

the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;

●

changes in market interest rates, including the recent significant increases in market interest rates experienced since March 2022, which could negatively impact bond market values and result in a lower net book value;

●

fluctuation in the value of our investment securities;

●

changes in the economy generally and the regulatory response thereto;

●

changes in the economy of the State of Texas, our primary market;

●

increases in unemployment rates in the United States and our market areas;

●

risks associated with implementing aspects of our expansion strategy, whether through additional services and products or acquisitions;

●

the need to hold more capital in order to comply with consolidated capital ratios;

●

our ability to raise additional capital, particularly during times of stress;

●

competition from other banks, financial institutions and wealth and investment management firms and our ability to retain our clients;

●

risks associated with having one referral source, Cain Watters & Associates, LLC (“Cain Watters”), comprise a substantial part of our business;

●

our reliance on key personnel and the ability to attract and retain the personnel necessary to implement our business plan;

●

risks specific to commercial loans and borrowers (particularly dental and U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans), including the risk of declines in commercial real estate prices or deterioration in value of the general business assets that secure such loans;

●

our ability to continue to originate loans (including SBA loans);

●

impairment of our goodwill or other intangible assets;

●

claims and litigation pertaining to our fiduciary responsibilities;

●

generating investment returns for our wealth management, brokerage and other customers that are satisfactory to them;

●

our ability to manage our credit risk;

●

regulatory scrutiny related to our loan portfolio, including commercial real estate;

●

the earnings capacity of our borrowers;

●

our inability to identify and address potential conflicts of interest;

●

our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

●

the accuracy of estimates and assumptions;

●

the development of an active, liquid market for the Series B preferred stock;

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●

the soundness of other counterparty financial institutions and certain securities brokerage firms;

●

technological change in the banking, investment, brokerage and insurance industry;

●

our ability to protect against and manage fraudulent activity and cybersecurity risk, including cyber incidents or other failures, disruptions or breaches of our information security, and identify theft;

●

our reliance on communications, information, operating and financial control systems technology and related services from third-party service providers;

●

natural disasters and epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or any future pandemic;

●

the effects of terrorism and acts of war or threat thereof;

●

environmental liabilities;

●

regulation of the financial services industry;

●

legislative changes or the adoption of tax reform policies;

●

uncertainty regarding United States fiscal debt and budget matters;

●

political instability and changes in tariffs and trade barriers;

●

compliance with laws and regulations, supervisory actions, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (“EGRRCPA”), capital requirements, the Bank Secrecy Act, anti-money laundering laws, consumer laws, and other statutes and regulations;

●

regulation of broker-dealers and investment advisors;

●

the enactment of regulations relating to privacy, information security and data protection;

●

legal and regulatory examinations, proceedings, investigations and inquiries, fines and sanctions;

●

future issuances of preferred stock or debt securities and its impact on the Series B preferred stock;

●

our ability to manage our existing and future preferred stock and indebtedness;

●

our ability to pay dividends;

●

the continuation of securities analysts coverage of the company;

●

our management and board of directors have significant control over our business;

●

risks related to being a “controlled company” under NASDAQ rules;

●

the costs and expenses of being a public company; and

●

changes in the laws, rules, regulations, interpretations or policies relating to financial institutions, accounting, tax, trade, current and future governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the uncertain impacts of quantitative tightening and current and future policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”) and as a result of initiatives of the Biden administration.

You should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement reflects only information known to us as of the date on which it is made and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

Other Available Information

We file or furnish with the SEC annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other reports required by Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Electronic copies of our SEC filings are available to the public at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. In addition, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other reports required by Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available through our website, www.t.financial, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

The Company routinely posts important information for investors on its website, www.t.financial. The Company intends to use its website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under SEC Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure). Accordingly, investors should monitor the Company’s website, in addition to following the Company’s press releases, SEC filings, public conference calls, presentations and webcasts.

Our website and the information contained on or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference into, and is not a part of, this Form 10-Q.

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General

We are a Texas corporation and registered financial holding company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. We provide a wide array of financial products and services including banking, trust, investment advisory, securities brokerage, third party administration, qualified plan recordkeeping and insurance services to individuals, small businesses and institutions across the United States.

The following discussion and analysis presents our consolidated financial condition as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and our consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the notes related thereto in this Form 10-Q and in the audited financial statements in our 2022 Form 10-K.

We operate through four main direct and indirect subsidiaries: (i) T Bancshares, Inc. (“TBI”), which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas on December 23, 2002 to serve as the registered bank holding company for T Bank, N.A. a national banking association (the “Bank”), (ii) Sanders Morris Harris LLC (“Sanders Morris”), a registered broker-dealer with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), and registered investment advisor with the SEC, (iii) Tectonic Advisors, LLC (“Tectonic Advisors”), a registered investment advisor registered with the SEC focused generally on managing money for relatively large, affiliated institutions, and (iv) HWG Insurance Agency LLC (“HWG”), an insurance agency registered with the Texas Department of Insurance (“TDI”).

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare consolidated financial statements based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and to customary practices within the financial services industry. These policies, in certain areas, require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. While we base estimates on historical experience, current information and other factors deemed to be relevant, actual results could differ from those estimates.

We consider accounting estimates to be critical to reported financial results if (i) the accounting estimate requires management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time we make the accounting estimate and (ii) different estimates that management reasonably could have used for the accounting estimate in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, could have a material impact on the financial statements.

As discussed in Note 1 – Organization and Significant Accounting Policies, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) (ASC 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, effective on January 1, 2023, pursuant to the delayed adoption allowable for smaller reporting companies, and replaces allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 310, Receivables, and allowance allocations calculated in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies discussed in the 2022 Form 10-K. Upon adoption of the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology, the Company recorded an increase of $1.4 million to the allowance for credit losses for loans and $237,505 to the allowance for credit losses for unfunded commitments. In addition, the Company recognized a cumulative effect reduction to retained earnings totaling $1.3 million, net of a recorded deferred tax asset of $341,662. See discussion in Note 1 - Organization and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses for more details on the impact of the Company’s adoption of the CECL methodology, including related accounting policies.

Performance Summary

Net income available to common shareholders decreased $292,000, or 6.6%, to $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Earnings per diluted common share were $0.52 and $0.56 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net income available to common shareholders decreased $1.6 million, or 13.0%, to $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Earnings per diluted common share were $1.47 and $1.68 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in net income available to common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2023 resulted from increases in non-interest expense and decrease in net interest income, partly offset by decrease in provision for credit losses and increase in non-interest income. The decrease in net income available to common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 resulted from increases in non-interest expense and provision for credit losses, partly offset by increases in net interest income and non-interest income. Details of the changes in the various components of net income are discussed below.

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For the three months ended September 30, 2023, annual return on average assets was 2.62%, compared to 2.98% for the same period in the prior year, and annual return on average equity was 16.22%, compared to 19.27% for the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, annual return on average assets was 2.49%, compared to 3.09% for the same period in the prior year, and annual return on average equity was 15.93%, compared to 20.32% for the same period in the prior year. The lower annual return on average assets and average equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to the decrease in net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in the prior year.

Our accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, this Form 10-Q contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP, which includes return on average tangible common equity. We calculate return on average tangible common equity as net income available to common shareholders (net income less dividends paid on preferred stock) divided by average tangible common equity. We calculate average tangible common equity as average shareholders’ equity less average goodwill, average core deposit intangible and average preferred stock. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for tangible common equity is average total shareholders’ equity. We believe these non-GAAP measures and ratios, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP measures and ratios, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance. We believe investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP measures and ratios in assessing our operating results and related trends, and when planning and forecasting future periods. However, these non-GAAP measures and ratios should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or preferable to, measures and ratios prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The following table presents non-GAAP reconciliations of annual return on average tangible common equity:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023			As of and for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022			As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023			As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Income available to common shareholders (a)	$	3,782		$	4,073		$	10,741		$	12,323

Average shareholders’ equity	$	102,017		$	91,841		$	99,926		$	88,727
Less: average goodwill		21,440			21,440			21,440			21,440
Less: average core deposit intangible		446			656			498			708
Less: average preferred stock		17,250			17,250			17,250			17,250
Average tangible common equity (b)	$	62,881		$	52,495		$	60,738		$	49,329
Annual return on average tangible common equity (a)/(b)		23.86	%		30.78	%		23.64	%		33.40	%

Total assets increased $16.8 million, or 2.7%, to $629.3 million as of September 30, 2023, from $612.5 million as of December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily due to increases of $27.4 million in loans held for investment and $5.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, partly offset by decreases of $18.5 million in loans held for sale. Substantially all loans are secured by specific collateral, including business assets, consumer assets, and commercial real estate.

Shareholders’ equity increased $8.4 million, or 8.7%, to $104.9 million as of September 30, 2023, from $96.5 million as of December 31, 2022. See analysis of shareholders’ equity in the section captioned “Capital Resources and Regulatory Capital Requirements” included elsewhere in this discussion.

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Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Details of the changes in the various components of net income are discussed below.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans, investment securities, and interest-bearing cash, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Changes in net interest income result from changes in volume and spread, and are reflected in net interest margin, as well as changes in average interest rates. Volume refers to the average dollar level of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Spread refers to the difference between the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. Margin refers to net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets, and is influenced by the level and relative mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

The following tables present the changes in net interest income and identifies the changes due to differences in the average volume of interest-earning assets and interest–bearing liabilities and the changes due to changes in the average interest rate on those assets and liabilities. The changes in net interest income due to changes in both average volume and average interest rate have been allocated to the average volume change or the average interest rate change in proportion to the absolute amounts of the change in each.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2023 vs September 30, 2022
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in
(In thousands)	Rate			Average Volume			Total
Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold	$	273		$	120		$	393
Securities		(18	)		(7	)		(25	)
Loans, net of unearned discount ⁽¹⁾		2,036			677			2,713
Total earning assets		2,291			790			3,081

Savings and interest-bearing demand		7			(7	)		-
Money market deposit accounts		1,160			178			1,338
Time deposits		1,611			461			2,072
FHLB and other borrowings		8			-			8
Subordinated notes		89			-			89
Total interest-bearing liabilities		2,875			632			3,507

Changes in net interest income	$	(585	)	$	159		$	(426	)

(1)

Average loans include non-accrual.

Net interest income decreased $426,000, or 6.1%, from $7.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $6.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in the average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities as a result of the continued interest rate increases, partly offset by an increase in the average yield on loans and interest-bearing deposits (primarily amounts held in an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve). Net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 4.43% and 5.06%, respectively, a decrease of 63 basis points.

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The average volume of interest-earning assets increased $39.8 million, or 7.3%, from $548.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $588.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold increased $8.8 million, or 25.6%, from $34.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $43.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of securities decreased $653,000, or 1.3%, from $51.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $51.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of loans increased $31.6 million, or 6.8%, from $462.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $494.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average yield on interest-earning assets increased 165 basis points from 6.23% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 7.88% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average yield on interest earning assets was impacted by changes in market interest rates, which was attributed to the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve (“FOMC”) repeatedly raising their target benchmark interest rate beginning in March 2022 and continuing through the current period. The average yield for loans increased 174 basis points from 6.76% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 8.50% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average yield on interest-bearing deposits increased 314 basis points from 2.27% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and the average yield on securities decreased 14 basis points from 4.12% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 3.98% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

The average volume of interest-bearing liabilities increased $50.5 million, or 13.2%, from $383.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $433.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of interest-bearing deposits increased $50.6 million, or 13.7%, from $370.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $420.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased 301 basis points from 1.68% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.69% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average interest rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 304 basis points from 1.48% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.52% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of non-interest bearing deposits decreased $24.4 million, or 22.6%, from $107.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to $83.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of FHLB and other borrowings remained unchanged at $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The average cost of FHLB and other borrowings increased 287 basis points from 2.82% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.69% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to the aforementioned significant increases in the market interest rates beginning in March 2022 and continuing through the current period.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2023 vs September 30, 2022
	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in
(In thousands)	Rate			Average Volume			Total
Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold	$	1,125		$	889		$	2,014
Securities		68			169			237
Loans, net of unearned discount ⁽¹⁾		6,121			1,824			7,945
Total earning assets		7,314			2,882			10,196

Savings and interest-bearing demand		20			(14	)		6
Money market deposit accounts		3,515			(103	)		3,412
Time deposits		4,458			1,838			6,296
FHLB and other borrowings		420			(331	)		89
Subordinated notes		198			-			198
Total interest-bearing liabilities		8,611			1,390			10,001

Changes in net interest income	$	(1,298	)	$	1,493		$	195

(1)

Average loans include non-accrual.

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Net interest income increased $195,000, or 1.0%, from $20.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $20.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to the increase the average yield on loans, and to a lesser extent, the increase in average volume of loans and interest bearing deposits (primarily amounts held in an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve), partly offset by the average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities as a result of the continued interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve. Net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 4.58% and 5.03%, respectively, a decrease of 45 basis points.

The average volume of interest-earning assets increased $59.0 million, or 11.0%, from $538.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $597.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold increased $23.9 million, or 62.8%, from $38.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $62.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in the average volume was primarily due to deposits from a customer relationship that sold their business during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and deposited the proceeds from the sale into their deposit accounts at the Bank. The deposits from the sale proceeds were subsequently withdrawn during the three months ended June 30, 2023. The average volume of securities increased $5.6 million, or 12.5%, from $45.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $50.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of loans increased $29.4 million, or 6.5%, from $454.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $484.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average yield on interest-earning assets increased 170 basis points from 5.88% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 7.58% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average yield on interest earning assets was impacted by changes in market interest rates, which was attributed to the FOMC repeatedly raising their target benchmark interest rate beginning in March 2022 and continuing through the current period. The average yield for loans increased 180 basis points from 6.49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 8.29% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $175,000 in SBA Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loan related deferred fees (net of amortization of related deferred origination costs) as a yield adjustment and this amount is included in interest income on loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. All outstanding PPP loan balances were paid off during the second quarter of 2022 and therefore, there were no PPP loan related interest or deferred fees recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average yield on interest-bearing deposits increased 395 basis points from 1.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.97% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and the average yield on securities increased 20 basis points from 3.82% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The average volume of interest-bearing liabilities increased $46.6 million, or 12.1%, from $383.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $430.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of interest-bearing deposits increased $54.8 million, or 15.2%, from $360.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $415.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased 298 basis points from 1.19% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.17% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average interest rate paid on interest-bearing deposits increased 299 basis points from 1.01% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of non-interest bearing deposits decreased $3.2 million, or 3.1%, from $101.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $98.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The average volume of FHLB and other borrowings decreased $8.1 million, or 71.8%, from $11.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, due to the decline in Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”) borrowings related to the decrease in PPP loan balances. The average cost of FHLB and other borrowings increased 497 basis points from 0.49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, due to the aforementioned significant increases in the market interest rates beginning in March 2022 through the current period and the decrease in PPPLF borrowings during the period.

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The following table sets forth our average balances of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, in addition to the major components of net interest income and our net interest margin, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023								2022
(In thousands, except percentages)	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield			Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield
Assets
Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold	$	43,243		$	590		5.41	%	$	34,426		$	197		2.27	%
Securities		51,107			513		3.98			51,760			538		4.12
Loans, net of unearned discount ⁽¹⁾		494,053			10,590		8.50			462,452			7,877		6.76
Total earning assets		588,403			11,693		7.88			548,638			8,612		6.23
Cash and other assets		48,382								50,141
Allowance for credit losses		(6,150	)							(4,223	)
Total assets	$	630,635							$	594,556
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Savings and interest-bearing demand	$	11,703			15		0.51	%	$	16,853			15		0.35	%
Money market deposit accounts		142,477			1,844		5.13			128,710			506		1.56
Time deposits		266,484			2,929		4.36			224,572			857		1.51
Total interest-bearing deposits		420,664			4,788		4.52			370,135			1,378		1.48
FHLB and other borrowings		1,115			16		5.69			1,125			8		2.82
Subordinated notes		12,000			323		10.68			12,000			234		7.74
Total interest-bearing liabilities		433,779			5,127		4.69			383,260			1,620		1.68
Non-interest-bearing deposits		83,434								107,755
Other liabilities		11,405								11,700
Total liabilities		528,618								502,715
Shareholders’ equity		102,017								91,841
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	630,635							$	594,556

Net interest income				$	6,566							$	6,992
Net interest spread							3.19	%							4.55	%
Net interest margin							4.43	%							5.06	%

(1)

Includes non-accrual loans.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023								2022
(In thousands, except percentages)	Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield			Average Balance			Interest		Average Yield
Assets
Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold	$	62,035		$	2,305		4.97	%	$	38,103		$	291		1.02	%
Securities		50,839			1,527		4.02			45,198			1,290		3.82
Loans, net of unearned discount ⁽¹⁾		484,099			30,028		8.29			454,697			22,083		6.49
Total earning assets		596,973			33,860		7.58			537,998			23,664		5.88
Cash and other assets		48,110								50,500
Allowance for credit losses		(5,659	)							(4,225	)
Total assets	$	639,424							$	584,273
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Savings and interest-bearing demand	$	12,319			42		0.46	%	$	16,470			36		0.29	%
Money market deposit accounts		128,138			4,245		4.43			131,251			833		0.85
Time deposits		274,697			8,141		3.96			212,668			1,845		1.16
Total interest-bearing deposits		415,154			12,428		4.00			360,389			2,714		1.01
FHLB and other borrowings		3,185			130		5.46			11,292			41		0.49
Subordinated notes		12,000			870		9.69			12,000			672		7.49
Total interest-bearing liabilities		430,339			13,428		4.17			383,681			3,427		1.19
Non-interest-bearing deposits		98,171								101,363
Other liabilities		10,987								10,502
Total liabilities		539,497								495,546
Shareholders’ equity		99,927								88,727
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	639,424							$	584,273

Net interest income				$	20,432							$	20,237
Net interest spread							3.41	%							4.69	%
Net interest margin							4.58	%							5.03	%

(1)

Includes non-accrual loans.

Provision for Credit Losses

As discussed in Note 1 - Organization and Significant Accounting Policies, the Company adopted the CECL accounting standard effective on January 1, 2023. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, as well as off-balance sheet credit exposures. Provision for credit losses is determined by management as the amount to be added to the allowance for credit loss accounts for various types of financial instruments to bring the allowance to a level deemed appropriate by management to absorb expected credit losses over the lives of the respective financial instruments. Management actively monitors the Company’s asset quality and provides appropriate provisions based on such factors as historical loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

Financial instruments are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses when appropriate. Although management believes it uses the best information available to make determinations with respect to the provision for credit losses, forecasted economic conditions continue to remain uncertain due to the rising interest rate environment and persistent high inflation levels in the United States. Accordingly, future adjustments may be necessary if economic conditions differ from the assumptions used in making the determination.

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The following table presents the components of provision for credit losses:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2023			2022		2023		2022
Provision for credit losses related to:
Loans	$	(38	)	$	150	$	722	$	477
Held to maturity securities		-			-		-		-
Off-balance sheet credit exposures		-			-		10		-
Total	$	(38	)	$	150	$	732	$	477

Provision expense for loans is generally reflective of change in loan volume and mix as well as charge-offs or specific reserves taken during the respective period. Provision expense is also impacted by the economic outlook and changes in macroeconomic variables. The provision expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was driven by the loss rate and charge-offs. See “Allowance for Credit Losses” elsewhere in this discussion for further analysis of our provision for credit losses related to loans.

Changes in the allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposures are generally driven by the remaining unfunded loan commitments expected to fund loans and to changes in the assumptions to project loss rates. The credit provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to decreased outstanding loan commitments to fund.

Non-Interest Income

The components of non-interest income were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Trust income	$	1,664	$	1,470	$	4,764	$	4,624
Gain on sale of loans		-		-		581		-
Advisory income		3,643		3,317		10,803		10,249
Brokerage income		1,986		2,430		5,765		8,614
Service fees and other income		2,740		2,338		8,129		6,442
Rental income		92		79		218		268
Total	$	10,125	$	9,634	$	30,260	$	30,197

Total non-interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $491,000, or 5.1%, and $63,000, or 0.2%, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Material changes in the various components of non-interest income are discussed below.

Trust Income. Trust income is earned for trust services on the value of managed and non-managed assets held in custody. Volatility in the bond and equity markets impacts the market value of trust assets and the related fees. Trust income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $194,000, or 13.2%, and $140,000, or 3.0%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases in trust income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due to increases in our assets under management primarily due to net inflows in assets of $658 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which increased assets over the same periods in the prior year, as well as appreciation in asset values compared to the same periods in the prior year. Volatility in trust income could continue due to several factors, including the impacts of geo-political instability related to the wars in Ukraine and in the Middle East, particularly if there is a widening of the conflict in the Middle East, regulatory action, including the increases to date and potential further increases in market interest rates by the Federal Reserve aimed at tempering inflation, and the potential for continued supply-chain disruptions, all of which are likely to impact the bond and equity markets, or other factors. This volatility could result in future net decreases in the average values of our assets held in custody, and/or in a decrease in net flows or in net outflows to our assets held in custody, decreasing our trust income.

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Gain on sale of loans. Gain on sale of loans is generally gain on sales of the guaranteed portion of loans within our SBA and U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) loan portfolios. There was no gain on sale of loans during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Gain on sale of loans increased $581,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, resulting from the sale of $5.8 million of USDA loans, over the same period in the prior year, when there were no loans sold and therefore no gain on sale of loans.

Advisory income. Advisory fees are typically based on a percentage of the underlying average asset values for a given period, where each percentage point represents 100 basis points. These revenues are of a recurring nature but are directly affected by increases and decreases in the values of the underlying assets. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, advisory income increased $326,000, or 9.8%, and $554,000, or 5.4%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase in advisory income between the two periods is due to increases in our advisory assets compared to the same periods in the prior year, primarily related to net asset inflows, as well as market appreciation of our advisory assets of $595 million between September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2023. Similar to our trust income, changes in the value of our assets under management will result in comparable changes in our advisory income. Volatility related to regulatory action, including the effects of inflation and of increases in market interest rates by the Federal Reserve aimed at tempering inflation, as well as supply chain disruptions related to geo-political instability, including the ongoing wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, are likely to impact the financial markets and the value of and/or net inflows to our assets under management, potentially decreasing our advisory income.

Brokerage income. Brokerage revenues are generally based on a per share fee or commission to trade a share of a particular stock, bond or other security. In addition, brokerage revenues, in this context, include private placements, participation in syndication of public offerings, and certain other brokerage revenues, including interest earned on margin lending. Brokerage revenue is dependent on the volume of trading, and on private placement and syndication activity during the period, and in the case of margin lending, on interest rates. Brokerage income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, decreased $444,000, or 18.3%, and $2.8 million, or 33.1%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease in brokerage revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 is due to a decrease of $373,000 in over-the counter trading, a decrease in revenue from margin lending of $188,000, a decrease in options trading of $166,000, and a decrease in miscellaneous commission revenue of $47,000, the total of which was partially offset by an increase in syndicated offerings and private placements of $214,000 and $116,000, respectively. The decrease in Brokerage revenue of $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year is related to a decrease in commission income from private placement and offering activity of $2.0 million from continued economic uncertainty that has dampened private offering activity. In addition, income from over-the-counter trading decreased $775,000, option trading decreased $504,000 and insurance commissions decreased $105,000 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decreases in brokerage activity, especially in private placement and syndicated offering activity, are largely related to increases in the benchmark interest rate by the FOMC and general market volatility from instability in political and macro-economic conditions. These decreases were offset by an increase in federated rebates of $823,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as well as other immaterial fluctuations in brokerage income netting to a decrease of $188,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year. While private offering activity increased somewhat during the three months ended September 30, 2023, private placement and syndicated offering activity may continue to be negatively impacted in the future given short time horizons to retirement of senior brokerage personnel at Sanders Morris. In addition, economic disruption related to the continued rising interest rate environment, persistent inflation in the U.S., and geo-political conflicts, among other factors, has the potential to further depress offering activity and general brokerage activity in future periods given price uncertainty in the face of volatile markets.

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The table below reflects a rollforward of our client assets from December 31, 2021 through September 30, 2023, which includes both advisory and brokerage assets, and the inflows and outflows and net market appreciation from December 31, 2021 through September 30, 2023. Our brokerage and advisory assets experienced an increase of approximately $1.3 billion, or 26.2%, between September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2023, related to positive net flows and market appreciation.

(In thousands)	Client Assets
December 31, 2021	$	5,609,312
Client inflows		2,415,046
Client outflows		(1,692,726	)
Net flows		722,3320
Market depreciation		(1,497,299	)
As of September 30, 2022	$	4,834,333
Client inflows		640,731
Client outflows		(626,685	)
Net flows		14,046
Market appreciation		351,092
As of December 31, 2022	$	5,199,471
Client inflows		1,851,073
Client outflows		(1,192,958	)
Net flows		658,115
Market appreciation		244,137
As of September 30, 2023	$	6,101,723

Service fees and other income. Service fees includes fees for deposit-related services, loan servicing, third-party administration fees, and other income. Service fees and other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $402,000, or 17.2%, and $1.7 million, or 26.2%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases were primarily the result of increases in pension administration fees of $273,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, related to increases in the amount of work billed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, and an increase in other income from the recovery of unclaimed funds at Sanders Morris of $264,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increases in pension administration fees are the result of increases in plans administration clients in 2023. In addition, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, loan service fees increased $8,000 and $152,000, respectively, consulting fees at Sanders Morris decreased $10,000 and increased $34,000, respectively, bank service fees increased $49,000 and $55,000, respectively, and other immaterial fluctuations netted to increases of $82,000 and $95,000, respectively, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Rental income. The Company receives monthly rental income from tenants leasing space in the Bank building. Rental income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $13,000, or 16.5%, and decreased $50,000, or 18.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was related to concessions given to tenants during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and the decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to abatements given to tenants during the first two quarters of 2023.

Non-Interest Expense

The components of non-interest expense were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Salaries and employee benefits	$	7,614	$	7,717	$	23,117	$	23,053
Occupancy and equipment		499		394		1,445		1,265
Trust expenses		648		537		1,711		1,695
Brokerage and advisory direct costs		497		488		1,440		1,514
Professional fees		367		298		1,428		1,051
Data processing		241		203		647		593
Other		1,537		1,224		4,987		3,927
Total	$	11,403	$	10,861	$	34,775	$	33,098

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Total non-interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased $542,000, or 5.0%, and $1.7 million, or 5.1%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year, due to fluctuations in salaries and related employee benefits expense, primarily from decreases in commissions expense offset to a degree by increases in personnel, and in brokerage and advisory direct costs, and increases in occupancy expense, professional fees, data processing expense and other operating expenses. Material changes in the various components of non-interest expense are discussed below.

Salaries and employee benefits. Salaries and employee benefits for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $103,000, or 1.3%, and increased $64,000, or 0.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was due to a decrease of $632,000 in our Other Financial Services segment, primarily at Sanders Morris, where a decrease in brokerage activity, particularly in Sanders Morris’ Dallas office, decreased bonuses by $490,000, which was offset by an increase in bonus earnouts of $108,000 in Sanders Morris’ Houston office from an increase in private and syndicated offering activity compared to the same period in the prior year, as well as to decreases related to moving technology and accounting staff to our HoldCo segment of $386,000, which were offset by increases in salaries at the Bank’s trust division of $86,000 due to duplication of personnel costs during staff changes and retention bonuses, as well as an increase of $104,000 at the Nolan division related to salaries and bonuses, from merit and bonuses related to client increases, and other immaterial fluctuations. In our Banking segment, salaries and other related payroll costs decreased $193,000, which included a decrease in bonuses of $97,000, primarily related to a decrease in lending activity in our SBA team compared to the same period in the prior year, and personnel and merit raises elsewhere in the Bank. These decreases for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were offset by increases in our HoldCo segment compared to the same period in the prior year. In our Holdco segment, salaries and benefits costs increased $722,000, related to increases in headcount due to the transfer of technology and accounting personnel, as well as merit and bonus increases, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to increases in our Banking and HoldCo segments, which overcame a decrease at our Other Financial Services segment, again primarily related to the decrease in brokerage activity at Sanders Morris, which led to decreases in bonuses and commissions of $1.8 million, offsetting increases in salaries and other payroll costs of $463,000 in that segment, due to the transfer of the technology and accounting teams to the HoldCo segment. In our Banking segment, salaries and other payroll related costs increased $1.2 million, offsetting a decrease in bonuses of $671,000 which was primarily related to the Bank’s SBA team, where activity and therefore bonuses during the same period in the prior year were higher. In our HoldCo segment, salaries and benefits increased $867,000 related to the transfer of the technology and accounting personnel, and to a far lesser extent to merit increases, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Occupancy and equipment expense. Occupancy and equipment expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $105,000, or 26.6%, and $180,000, or 14.2%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases were primarily related to increases in rent and common area maintenance at Sanders Morris’s Houston office and to increases for Tectonic’s Frisco office totaling $43,000 and $81,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. In addition, repairs and maintenance at the bank increased $52,000 and $47,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, due to facilities repairs, and rent expense at the Bank’s Nolan division increased $1,000 and $13,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year. Telephone expense decreased $7,000 and increased $10,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year due to the change in the telephone carrier in May 2023 for the Company overall. Increases in parking of $3,000 and $13,000, respectively, were related to an increase in spaces allocated and increases in the amounts charged. There were miscellaneous increases of $13,000 and $16,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Trust expenses. Trust expenses are incurred in our Other Financial Services segment, and include advisory fees paid on the common trust funds managed by the Company based on the value of the assets held in custody. Volatility in the bond and equity markets impacts the market value of trust assets and the related expenses. The monthly advisory fees are assessed based on the market value of assets at month-end. Trust expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $111,000, or 20.7%, and $16,000, or 0.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year due to an increase in the value of trust assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 over the value during the same periods in the prior year.

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Brokerage and advisory direct costs. Brokerage and advisory direct costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $9,000, or 1.8%, and decreased $74,000, or 4.9%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2023 related primarily to increases in information services at Tectonic Advisors and Sanders Morris of $20,000 and service fees at Tectonic Advisors and Sanders Morris of $18,000. These increases were offset by decreases in clearing fees at Sanders Morris of $10,000 and a decrease in referral fees at Sanders Morris of $19,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related primarily to the decrease in clearing fees at Sanders Morris of $100,000, a decrease in referral fees at Tectonic Advisors and Sanders Morris of $41,000, offset by increases in information service fees at Tectonic Advisors and Sanders Morris of $46,000 and increases in other service fees at Tectonic Advisors and Sanders Morris of $21,000, compared to levels during the same periods in the prior year.

Professional fees. Professional fees, which include legal, consulting, audit and tax fees, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased $69,000, or 23.2%, and $377,000, or 35.9%, respectively compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were the result of increases in our HoldCo segment of $15,000 and $222,000, respectively, primarily due to professional consulting fees for projects involving robotic process automation, increases in professional fees in our Banking segment of $37,000 and $142,000, respectively, primarily related to collections efforts on past due loans and various other matters, including our regulatory filings. There were also increases in our Other Financial Services segment of $17,000 and $13,000, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, due to increase in professional fees at Tectonic Advisors, and in consulting, actuarial, and auditing fees at the Bank’s Nolan division, which were offset by other individually immaterial fluctuations elsewhere in this segment.

Data processing. Data processing includes costs related to the Company’s data operating systems. Data processing expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased $38,000, or 18.7% and $54,000, or 9.1%, respectively, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was the result of $36,000 and $33,000 for the three and nine months, respectively, in our Banking segment and an increase of $2,000 and $21,000, respectively, in our Other Financial Services segment related to the trust and Nolan divisions. The increase in our Banking segment was related to discounts the Bank was receiving from the core system vendor from the conversion in 2021 that were used up during the prior quarter, along with general increases in other data processing services. The increase in our Other Financial Services segment was related to an increase in costs at the Bank’s trust division of $2,000 and $20,000 for the three and nine months, respectively, and immaterial increases at the Bank’s Nolan division.

Other. Other expenses include costs for insurance, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) assessments, director fees, regulatory filing fees related to our brokerage business, business travel, management fees, and other operational expenses. Other expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, increased $314,000, or 25.7% and $1.1 million, or 27.0%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases for the three months ended September 30, 2023, included increases of $298,000 and $66,000 in our Banking and HoldCo segments, respectively, offset with a decrease in the Other Financial segment of $50,000. The increase of $298,000 in our Banking segment included an increase of $111,000 for software development, $95,000 for recruitment fees, and other individually smaller fluctuations which increased other expenses by $92,000. The increase of $66,000 in our HoldCo segment was primarily the result of an increase of $54,000 software, licenses, and computer services related to technology initiatives across the company, as well as other immaterial fluctuations netting to a $12,000 increase compared to the same period in the prior year. The decrease of $50,000 in our Other Financial Services segment was related to technology and accounting personnel moves within the Company to the HoldCo segment, and to a fee sharing agreement between Tectonic Advisors and Cain Watters, which resulted in a reduction in the marketing expense recognized effective with the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increases for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, included increases of $601,000, $358,000 and $101,000 in our Banking, Other Financial Services and HoldCo segments, respectively. The increase of $601,000 in our Banking segment included an increase of $248,000 for software development in our lending and Integra divisions, $235,000 for recruitment fees, primarily attributable to our lending and Integra divisions, and other individually smaller fluctuations which increased other expenses by $119,000. The increase of $358,000 in our Other Financial Services segment was related to a net increase of $57,000 in software, licenses, and computer services related to technology initiatives across the company, an increase in our marketing, advertising and public relations costs of $194,000, which includes marketing initiatives at Tectonic Advisors related to assets under management attributable to Cain Watters clients, and other marketing initiatives across the Company, as well as increases in employee recruitment of $66,000, and by other individually smaller fluctuations which increased other expenses by $41,000. The increase of $101,000 in our HoldCo segment was primarily the result of an increase of $102,000 in software, licenses, and computer services related to technology initiatives across the Company, offset by a decrease in marketing and public relations initiatives across the Company of $119,000, as well as other immaterial fluctuations netting to a $119,000 increase compared to the same period in the prior year, due to the technology and accounting teams moving from our Other Financial Services segment to the HoldCo segment in third quarter of 2023.

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Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was approximately $1.2 million and 3.3 million, respectively, compared to $1.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively, for the same periods in the prior year. The effective income tax rate was 21.7% and 21.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to 20.6% and 20.0%, respectively, for the same periods in the prior year. The effective rates differed due to the effect of nondeductible expenses related to stock options, which resulted in a lower effective income tax rate during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Segment Reporting

We have three operating segments: Banking, Other Financial Services and HoldCo. Our primary operating segments are Banking and Other Financial Services.

Our Banking segment includes both commercial and consumer banking services, and factoring services through the Bank’s Integra division. Commercial banking services are provided primarily to small to medium-sized businesses and their employees, which includes a wide array of lending and cash management products. Consumer banking services include lending and depository services. Factoring services are provided primarily to small over-the-road trucking businesses.

Our Other Financial Services segment includes Tectonic Advisors, Sanders Morris, the Bank’s trust division, which includes the Bank’s Nolan division and a participant directed recordkeeping team, and HWG. Through these business divisions, we offer investment advisory and brokerage services to individuals and businesses, private trust services, and financial management services, including personal wealth management, retirement plan design and administrative services, and insurance brokerage services.

Our HoldCo segment includes the Bank’s immediate parent and related subordinated debt, as well as operations of the financial holding company that serves as parent for the group overall. Our principal source of revenue is dividends from our subsidiaries.

The following table presents key metrics related to our segments as of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated		Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated
Revenue(1)	$	7,292	$	9,722	$	(323	)	$	16,691	$	22,966	$	28,596	$	(870	)	$	50,692
Income (Loss ) Before Taxes	$	2,881	$	3,925	$	(1,480	)	$	5,326	$	9,378	$	9,229	$	(3,422	)	$	15,185

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands)	Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated		Banking		Other Financial Services		HoldCo			Consolidated
Revenue(1)	$	7,543	$	9,317	$	(234	)	$	16,626	$	21,819	$	29,273	$	(658	)	$	50,434
Income (Loss ) Before Taxes	$	3,181	$	2,996	$	(562	)	$	5,615	$	9,837	$	9,008	$	(1,986	)	$	16,859

(1)

Net interest income plus non-interest income

Banking

Income before taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $300,000, or 9.4%, and $459,000, or 4.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease during the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily the result of a $1.4 million increase in non-interest expense income and a $255,000 increase in the provision for credit losses, partly offset by a $754,000 increase in non-interest and a $393,000 increase net interest income. The decrease during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily the result of a $337,000 decrease net interest income and a $237,000 increase in non-interest expense income, partly offset by a $188,000 decrease in the provision for credit losses and an $86,000 increase in non-interest.

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Net interest income decreased $337,000, or 4.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and increased $393,000, or 1.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decrease in net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to an increase in the average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities as a result of the continued interest rate increases, partly offset by an increase in the average yield on loans and interest-bearing deposits (primarily amounts held in an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve). The increase in net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to the increase the average yield on loans, and to a lesser extent, the increase in average volume of loans and interest bearing deposits (primarily amounts held in an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve), partly offset by the average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities as a result of the continued interest rate increases by the Federal Reserve. The average yield on interest earning assets was impacted by changes in market interest rates and changes in the mix of interest-earning assets. See the analysis of net interest income included in the section captioned “Net Interest Income” included elsewhere in this discussion.

The Bank recorded a credit provision for credit losses of $38,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, compared to a provision for credit losses of $150,000 for the same period in the prior year. The $188,000 decrease was primarily the result of lower loan charge-offs and lower increase in the volume of loans during the three months ended September 30, 2023. The provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 totaled $732,000, compared to $477,000 for the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily a result of loan charge-offs and an increase in loan volume during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. See “Provision for Credit Losses” and “Allowance for Credit Losses” included elsewhere in this discussion for further analysis of credit loss provision related to loans and off-balance sheet commitments.

Non-interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 increased $86,000, or 27.1%, compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a $52,000 increase in deposit and factoring fees, a $13,000 increase in rental income related to concessions given to tenants during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and an $8,000 increase in loan servicing fees, a $13,000 increase in other miscellaneous income. Non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $754,000, or 82.9%, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase was primarily due to a $581,000 gain on sale of a USDA loan during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a $152,000 increase in loan servicing income, which was primarily the result of remaining amortization of servicing rights that was expensed for loans that paid off during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and a $35,000 credit allowance to the servicing rights valuation during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a $61,000 increase in factor in deposit and factoring fees and a $13,000 increase in other miscellaneous income. The increases were partly offset by a $50,000 decrease in rental income due to abatements given to tenants during the first two quarters of 2023. See the analysis of non-interest income included in the section captioned “Non-Interest Income” included elsewhere in this discussion.

Non-interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $237,000, or 5.6%, and $1.4 million, or 11.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Salaries and employee benefits decreased $193,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to a $197,000 decrease in incentive bonuses, partly offset by annual merit increases and increases in staff, and increased $500,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including $1.2 million for annual merit increases and increases in staff, partly offset by a $671,000 decrease in incentive bonuses. Occupancy and equipment expense increased $59,000 and $75,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, due primarily to increase in facilities repairs and maintenance. Professional fees increased $37,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to audit and tax fees, and $142,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, including $92,000 for legal fees related to loan collections and various other matters, and $40,000 for audit fees and $10,000 for various consulting fees. Data processing expense increased $36,000 and $21,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, primarily as a result of discounts provided by the Bank’s core system vendor, related to the change in core system in March 2021, ending during the prior quarter. Other expenses increased $298,000 and $601,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which included increases of $111,000 and $248,000, respectively for software development primarily in our lending and Integra divisions, $95,000 and $235,000, respectively, for employee recruitment fees primarily attributable to our lending and Integra divisions, and $27,000 and $93,000, respectively, for FDIC insurance premiums related to increase in the base rate during the second quarter of 2023, and $34,000 and $76,000, respectively, for loan related costs, and other various fluctuations which net increased other expenses by $31,000 and $21,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increases in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was partly offset by a $72,000 decrease for expenses related to other real estate owned. See the analysis of non-interest expense included in the section captioned “Non-Interest Expense” included elsewhere in this discussion.

Other Financial Services

Income before taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $929,000, or 31.0%, and $221,000, or 2.5%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increases were the result of an increase in noninterest income of $405,000 and a decrease in noninterest expense of $524,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and to a decrease in noninterest income of $677,000 and a decrease in noninterest expense of $898,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Non-interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $405,000, or 4.3%, and decreased $677,000, or 2.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily the result of increases in service fees and other income and advisory income of $329,000 and $326,000, respectively, and an increase in trust income of $194,000. The increases in service fees relates to an increase in revenue from third party administration services, which is the result of an increase in client plans as well as fluctuations in the timing of completion of this work, and the income in advisory and trust income is related to increases in assets under management compared to those for the three months ended September 30, 2022. These increases were offset by a decrease in brokerage income of $444,000, due to a decrease of $373,000 in over-the counter trading, a decrease in revenue from margin lending of $188,000 related to a shifting of the use of funds at Pershing away from this activity, a decrease in options trading of $166,000, due to normal fluctuations in trading activity, and a decrease in miscellaneous commission revenue of $47,000, the total of which was partially offset by an increase in syndicated offerings and private placements of $214,000 and $116,000, respectively, related to a modest recovery in those activities. The decrease in non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is due to a decrease in brokerage income of $2.8 million, related to a decrease in commission income from private placement and offering activity of $2.0 million from continued economic uncertainty that has dampened private offering activity. In addition, income from over-the-counter trading decreased $775,000, option trading decreased $504,000 and insurance commissions decreased $105,000 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decreases in brokerage activity, especially in private placement and syndicated offering activity, are largely related to increases in the benchmark interest rate by the FOMC and general market volatility from instability in political and macro-economic conditions. These decreases were offset by an increase in federated rebates of $823,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as well as other immaterial fluctuations in brokerage income. The decrease in brokerage income was offset by increases in trust and advisory income of $140,000 and $554,000, respectively, related to increases in assets under management related to net inflows, as well as market appreciation, and an increase in service fees and other income, which was primarily related to an increase in revenue from third party administration services, which is the result of an increase in client plans as well as fluctuations in the timing of completion of this work compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. See also the analysis of non-interest income included in the section captioned “Non-Interest Income” included elsewhere in this discussion.

Non-interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $524,000, or 8.3%, and $898,000, or 4.4%, compared to the same periods in the prior year. The decreases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were primarily related to decreases in salaries and employee benefits of $632,000 and $1.3 million, respectively. In addition, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, other expenses decreased by $51,000 compared to the same period in the prior year, with these decreases partially offset by an increase of $111,000 in trust expense, $20,000 in occupancy and equipment expense, and less material increases in brokerage and advisory direct costs, professional fees, and data processing expense. The net decrease in salaries and employee benefits was related to a decrease of $435,000 at Sanders Morris due to decreases in incentive bonuses and commissions of $528,000 related to a downturn in general brokerage activity primarily at Sanders Morris’ Dallas office, and to the transition of accounting and technology personnel from Tectonic Advisors, whose activity is within the Company’s Other Financial Services segment, to Tectonic Financial, within the HoldCo segment, to better reflect the function of those personnel given they serve departments across the Company. Those decreases were offset by an increase in salaries and benefits at the Bank’s trust and Nolan divisions of $86,000 and $104,000, respectively, related to factors discussed in salaries and employee benefits under non-interest expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, in addition to the decrease of $1.3 million in salaries and employee benefits expense, brokerage and advisory direct costs decreased by $74,000. These decreases were offset by increases in other expenses of $358,000, occupancy and equipment expense of $71,000, data processing expense of $21,000, and less material increases in trust expense and professional fees of $16,000 and $13,000, respectively. These decreases in salaries and employee benefits expense and brokerage and advisory direct costs were primarily the result of decreases in brokerage and offering activity at Sanders Morris, which reduced commissions earned and related expenses. Sanders Morris salaries and benefits expense decreased by $1.7 million, entirely from decreases in bonuses, earnouts and commissions. See also the analysis of non-interest expense included in the section captioned “Non-Interest Expense” included elsewhere in this discussion.

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HoldCo

The loss before taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $918,000, or 163.3% and $1.4 million, or 72.3%, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year. Interest expense increased $89,000 and $198,000, respectively, solely due to increases in interest rates on our subordinated debt. Non-interest expense increased $829,000 and $1.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits of $722,000 and $867,000, respectively, related to the transition of accounting and technology personnel to Tectonic Financial, which is within the Company’s HoldCo segment, from Tectonic Advisors, whose activity is within the Company’s Other Financial Services segment, to better reflect the function of those personnel given they serve departments across the Company, as well as an increase in headcount. In addition, professional fees increased $15,000 and $222,000, respectively, occupancy and equipment expense increased $26,000 and $34,000, respectively, and other expenses increased by $66,000 and $101,000, respectively. The increases in professional fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, were driven by projects involving robotic process automation. The increases in occupancy and equipment expense were related primarily to increases in rent and common area maintenance and parking at Tectonic Financial’s Houston office. See also the analyses of non-interest income and non-interest expense included in the respectively titled sections above.

Financial Condition

Investment Securities

The primary purpose of the Company’s investment portfolio is to provide a source of earnings for liquidity management purposes, to provide collateral to pledge against borrowings, and to control interest rate risk. In managing the portfolio, the Company seeks to attain the objectives of safety of principal, liquidity, diversification, and maximized return on investment.

As of September 30, 2023, securities available for sale consisted of U.S. Treasuries, U.S. government agency securities and mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Securities held to maturity consist of Property Assessed Clean Energy (“PACE”) and PID/TIRZ investments. These investment contracts or bonds located in Texas, California and Florida, originate under a contractual obligation between the property owners, the local county or city administration, and a third-party administrator and sponsor. PACE assessments are created to fund the purchase and installation of energy saving improvements to the property such as solar panels. PID/TIRZ assessments are used to pay for the development costs of a residential subdivision. Generally, as a property assessment, the total assessment is repaid in installments over a period of 5 to 32 years by the then current property owner(s). Each installment is collected by the County or City Tax Collector where the property is located. The assessments are an obligation of the property.

Securities, restricted consisted of FRB stock, having an amortized cost and fair value of $2.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and FHLB stock, having an amortized cost and fair value of $1.9 million and $1.3 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Securities not readily marketable consists of an income interest in a private investment.

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The following table presents the amortized cost and fair values of the Company’s securities portfolio as of the dates indicated:

	As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	3,956	$	3,932	$	1,990	$	1,953
U.S. government agencies		15,664		13,099		15,715		13,088
Mortgage-backed securities		4,790		4,335		5,925		5,592
Total securities available for sale	$	24,410	$	21,366	$	23,630	$	20,633

Securities held to maturity:
Property assessed clean energy	$	1,328	$	1,438	$	1,596	$	1,722
Public improvement district/TIRZ		22,858		23,964		23,666		24,760
Total securities held to maturity	$	24,186	$	25,402	$	25,262	$	26,482

Securities, restricted:
Other	$	4,150	$	4,150	$	3,496	$	3,496

Securities not readily marketable	$	317	$	317	$	100	$	100

The Company evaluates all available for sale securities in unrealized loss positions to determine if any securities resulted from credit factors or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the underlying risk characteristics, including credit ratings, and other qualitative factors for each security type in the portfolio. The issuers of these securities are U.S government agencies and continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. The unrealized losses are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. Due to the low risk in these U.S. government guaranteed securities, no allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale securities was recognized as of September 30, 2023.

The following table summarizes the maturity distribution schedule with corresponding weighted-average yields of securities available for sale and securities held to maturity as of September 30, 2023. Yields are calculated based on amortized cost. Mortgage-backed securities are included in maturity categories based on their stated maturity date. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations. Other securities classified as securities, restricted include stock in the FRB and the FHLB, which have no maturity date. These securities have been included in the total column only and are not included in the total yield.

	Maturing
						After One Year					After Five Years
	One Year					Through					Through					After
	or Less					Five Years					Ten Years					Ten Years					Total
(In thousands, except percentages)	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasuries	$	3,932		4.40	%	$	-		-	%	$	-		-	%	$	-		-	%	$	3,932		4.40	%
U.S. government agencies		-		-	%		9,526		0.94	%		946		1.22	%		2,627		0.84	%		13,099		0.94	%
Mortgage-backed securities		-		-	%		1,407		3.38	%		944		2.79	%		1,984		3.51	%		4,335		3.31	%
Total	$	3,932		4.40	%	$	10,933		1.23	%	$	1,890		1.98	%	$	4,611		1.87	%	$	21,366		1.96	%
Securities held to maturity:
Property assessed clean energy	$	-		-	%	$	-		-	%	$	367		6.87	%	$	961		7.24	%	$	1,328		7.14	%
Public improvement district/TIRZ		-		-	%		1,416		4.12	%		-		-	%		21,442		6.27	%		22,858		6.13	%
Total	$	-		-	%	$	1,416		4.12	%	$	367		6.87	%	$	22,403		6.32	%	$	24,186		6.19	%

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Loan Portfolio Composition

Total loans excluding allowance for credit losses, increased $28.9 million to $479.2 million at September 30, 2023, compared to $450.3 million at December 31, 2022. SBA loans comprise the largest group of loans in our portfolio totaling $265.5 million, or 55.4%, of the total loans at September 30, 2023, compared to $258.3 million, or 57.4% of the total loans at December 31, 2022. Commercial and industrial loans totaled $82.3 million, or 17.2%, of the total loans at September 30, 2023, compared to $92.9 million, or 20.6% of the total loans at December 31, 2022. Commercial and construction real estate loans totaled $96.6 million, or 20.2%, of the total loans at September 30, 2023, compared to $67.8 million, or 15.1% of the total loans at December 31, 2022.

The following table sets forth the composition of our loans held for investment:

(In thousands, except percentages)	September 30, 2023				December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial	$	82,273	17.2	%	$	92,946	20.6	%
Consumer installment		879	0.2			1,058	0.2
Real estate – residential		7,953	1.7			5,566	1.2
Real estate – commercial		76,320	15.9			63,924	14.2
Real estate – construction and land		20,237	4.2			3,873	0.9
SBA 7(a) guaranteed		166,195	34.7			149,374	33.2
SBA 7(a) unguaranteed		58,557	12.2			56,268	12.5
SBA 504		40,756	8.5			52,668	11.7
USDA		2,129	0.4			2,235	0.5
Factored Receivables		23,895	5.0			22,420	5.0
Total Loans	$	479,194	100.0	%	$	450,332	100.0	%

	Maturity Distribution of Loan Portfolio at September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	One Year or Less		Over One Year Through Five Years		Over Five Years Through Fifteen Years		Over Fifteen Years		Total Loans Receivable
Commercial and industrial	$	4,028	$	12,048	$	66,197	$	-	$	82,273
Consumer installment		372		507		-		-		879
Real estate – residential		1,559		6,261		-		133		7,953
Real estate – commercial		36,287		34,164		4,281		1,588		76,320
Real estate – construction and land		20,029		208		-		-		20,237
SBA 7(a) guaranteed		144,200		16,106		2,129		3,760		166,195
SBA 7(a) unguaranteed		49,125		7,460		433		1,539		58,557
SBA 504		21,933		5,772		13,051		-		40,756
USDA		2,129		-		-		-		2,129
Factored Receivables		23,895		-		-		-		23,895
Total	$	303,557	$	82,526	$	86,091	$	7,020	$	479,194

	Loans Due After One Year at September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Fixed Rate		Floating or Adjustable Rate		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	75,904	$	2,341	$	78,245
Consumer installment		507		-		507
Real estate – residential		5,082		1,312		6,394
Real estate – commercial		6,723		33,310		40,0333
Real estate – construction and land		-		208		208
SBA 7(a) guaranteed		8,457		13,538		21,995
SBA 7(a) unguaranteed		2,946		6,486		9,432
SBA 504		-		18,823		18,823
USDA		-		-		-
Factored Receivables		-		-		-
Total	$	99,619	$	76,018	$	175,637

Scheduled contractual principal repayments of loans do not reflect the actual life of such assets. The average life of loans is less than their average contractual terms due to prepayments.

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Non-performing Assets

Our primary business segments are Banking and Other Financial Services, and as outlined above, the Banking segment’s primary business is lending. That activity entails potential loan losses, the magnitude of which depends on a variety of economic factors affecting borrowers and factor clients which are beyond our control. While we have instituted underwriting guidelines and policies and credit review procedures to protect us from avoidable credit losses, some losses will inevitably occur.

Loans are considered past due when principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments are contractually due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when management has concerns relating to the ability to collect the loan interest and generally when such loans are 90 days or more past due.

Foreclosed assets represent property acquired as the result of borrower defaults on loans. Foreclosed assets are recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs, at the time of foreclosure. Write-downs occurring at foreclosure are charged against the allowance for possible loan losses. On an ongoing basis, properties are appraised as required by market indications and applicable regulations. Write-downs are provided for subsequent declines in value and are included in other non-interest expense along with other expenses related to maintaining the properties.

Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, accruing loans and factored receivables greater than 90 days past due, and foreclosed assets. The following table sets forth certain information regarding non-performing loans by type, including ratios of such loans to total assets as of the dates indicated:

	September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except percentages)	Amount		Loan Category to Total Assets			Amount		Loan Category to Total Assets
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate – residential	$	130		0.02	%	$	138		0.02	%
SBA guaranteed		1,574		0.25			2,221		0.36
SBA unguaranteed		140		0.02			107		0.02
Total non-accrual loans		1,844		0.29			2,466		0.40
Real estate – residential past due 90 days		-		-			206		0.03
Factored receivables past due 90 days		78		0.01			132		0.02
Foreclosed assets		-		-			-		-
Total non-performing assets	$	1,922		0.30	%	$	2,804		0.45	%

Allowance for Credit Losses

As discussed in Note 1 – Organization and Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, our policies and procedures related to accounting for credit losses changed on January 1, 2023 in connection with the adoption of the CECL methodology as codified in ASC 326. In the case of loans and securities, allowances for credit losses are contra-asset valuation accounts, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, that are deducted from the amortized cost basis of these assets to present the net amount expected to be collected. When management deems all or a portion of a loan to be uncollectible, the appropriate amount is charged-off against the allowance. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. In the case of off-balance-sheet credit exposures, the allowance for credit losses is a liability account, calculated in accordance with ASC 326, reported as a component of other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. The amount of each allowance account represents management’s best estimate of CECL on these financial instruments considering available information, from internal and external sources, relevant to assessing exposure to credit loss over the contractual term of the instrument. Relevant available information includes historical credit loss experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. While historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses, adjustments to historical loss information may be made for differences in current portfolio-specific risk characteristics, environmental conditions or other relevant factors. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate adequacy of our allowance accounts is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond our control, including the performance of our portfolios, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward classification of assets. For additional information regarding critical accounting policies, refer to Note 1 – Organization and Significant Accounting Policies and Note 3 - Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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For all loan pools, management has determined two years represents a reasonable and supportable forecast period and reverts to a historical loss rate over two years on a straight-line basis. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform its loss driver forecasts over the two year forecast period. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts are also considered by management when developing the forecast metrics.

The allowance for credit losses is measured based on call report segment as these types of loans exhibit similar risk characteristics. The allowance for credit losses for each segment is measured through the use of the open pool method. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals and modifications unless management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual borrower or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company.

Management qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors (“Q-Factor”) that are not considered within our modeling processes but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within our loan pools. These Q-Factors and other qualitative adjustments may increase or decrease management’s estimate of expected credit losses by a calculated percentage or amount based upon the estimated level of risk. The various risks that may be considered in making Q-Factor and other qualitative adjustments include, among other things, the impact of (i) changes in lending policies, procedures and strategies; (ii) staff experience; (iii) changes in volume and trends in classified loans, delinquencies and nonaccruals; (iv) concentration risk; (v) trends in underlying collateral values; (vi) external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory environment; and (vii) economic conditions.

Upon the adoption of ASC 326 effective on January 1, 2023, the total amount of the allowance for credit losses for loans estimated using the CECL methodology increased $1.4 million compared to the total amount of the allowance for credit losses for loans estimated as of December 31, 2022 using the prior incurred loss model under GAAP.

The following table sets forth the allocation of the allowance for credit losses as of the date indicated and the percentage of allocated possible loan losses in each category to total gross loans as of the date indicated:

(In thousands, except percentages)	September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
Allocated:	Amount		Loan Category to Gross Loans			Amount		Loan Category to Gross Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	2,440		17.1	%	$	1,301		20.6	%
Consumer installment		21		0.2			14		0.2
Real estate – residential		57		1.7			79		1.2
Real estate – commercial		613		16.3			899		14.2
Real estate – construction and land		51		4.2			55		0.9
SBA		2,344		55.1			1,505		57.4
USDA		18		0.4			52		0.5
Factored Receivables		454		5.0			608		5.0
Total allowance for credit losses	$	5,998		100.0	%	$	4,153		100.0	%

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The table below presents a summary of the Company’s net loan loss experience and provisions to the allowance for credit losses for the period indicated:

	As of and for the Three Months Ended						As of and for the Nine Months Ended
	September 30						September 30
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023			2022			2023			2022
Average loans outstanding	$	494,053		$	462,452		$	484,099		$	454,697
Gross loans held for investment outstanding at end of period	$	479,194		$	439,445		$	479,194		$	439,445
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	6,138		$	4,235		$	4,513		$	4,152
Impact of adopting ASC 326		-			-			1,390			-
Provision for credit losses		(38	)		150			722			477
Charge offs:
Commercial and industrial		14			1			14			31
SBA 7(a)		-			-			328			42
Factored Receivables		155			259			454			471
Total charge-offs		169			260			796			544
Recoveries:
Commercial and industrial		-			30			-			30
SBA 7(a)		15			5			33			16
Factored Receivables		52			9			136			38
Total recoveries		67			44			169			84
Net charge-offs		(102	)		(216	)		(627	)		(460	)
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	5,998		$	4,169		$	5,998		$	4,169
Ratio of allowance for loans to end of period loans		1.25	%		0.95	%		1.25	%		0.95	%
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans		0.02	%		0.05	%		0.13	%		0.10	%

Sources of Funds

General

Deposits, loan and investment security repayments and prepayments, proceeds from the sale of securities, and cash flows generated from operations are the primary sources of our funds for lending, investing, and other general purposes. Loan repayments are generally a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows tend to fluctuate with prevailing interest rates, markets and economic conditions, and competition.

Deposits

Deposits are attracted principally from our primary geographic market area with the exception of time deposits, which, due to the Company’s attractive rates, are attracted from across the nation. The Company offers a broad selection of deposit products, including demand deposit accounts, NOW accounts, money market accounts, regular savings accounts, term certificates of deposit and retirement savings plans (such as IRAs). Deposit account terms vary, with the primary differences being the minimum balance required, the time period the funds must remain on deposit, and the associated interest rates. Management sets the deposit interest rates periodically based on a review of deposit flows and a survey of rates among competitors and other financial institutions. The Company relies on customer service and long-standing relationships with customers to attract and retain deposits, and also on CD listing services. As of September 30, 2023, deposits includes a $50.0 million brokered deposit through an Insured Cash Sweep One-Way Buy agreement.

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Total deposits increased $7.6 million, or 1.0%, to $500.6 million as of September 30, 2023, as compared to $493.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The following table sets forth our average deposit account balances, the percentage of each type of deposit to total deposits, and average cost of funds for each category of deposits for the periods indicated:

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023								2022
(In thousands, except percentages)	Average Balance		Percent of Deposits			Average Rate			Average Balance		Percent of Deposits			Average Rate
Non-interest-bearing deposits	$	98,171		19.1	%		0.00	%	$	101,363		22.0	%		0.00	%
Savings and interest-bearing demand		12,319		2.4			0.46			16,470		3.6			0.29
Money market accounts		128,138		25.0			4.43			131,251		28.4			0.85
Time deposits		274,697		53.5			3.96			212,668		46.0			1.16
Total deposits	$	513,325		100.00	%		3.24	%	$	461,752		100.00	%		0.79	%

The following table provides information on the maturity distribution of the insured time deposits and the time deposits exceeding the FDIC insurance limit as of September 30, 2023:

	As of September 30, 2023
(In thousands)	Insured		Uninsured		Total
Maturing
Three months or less	$	73,297	$	15,593	$	88,890
Over three months to six months		24,716		20,800		45,516
Over six months to 12 months		68,403		24,489		92,892
Over 12 months		26,016		3,965		29,981
Total	$	192,432	$	64,847	$	257,279

Borrowings

The table below presents balances of each of the borrowing facilities as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands)	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Borrowings:
Subordinated notes	$	12,000	$	12,000
Total	$	12,000	$	12,000

The Company has a credit line with the FHLB with borrowing capacity of $54.9 million secured by commercial loans. The Company determines its borrowing needs and renews the advances accordingly at varying terms. The Company had no borrowings with FHLB as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As part of the BTFP, the FRB offered loans of up to one year in length to banks and other eligible depository institutions pledging U.S. treasuries, agency debt and mortgage-backed securities, and other qualifying assets as collateral, which are assessed at par value. The Bank pledged AFS securities with par value of $23.3 million to provide additional liquidity to meet the needs of depositors as of September 30, 2023. The Company had no borrowings related to the BTFP as of September 30, 2023.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company also had subordinated notes totaling $12.0 million, consisting of $8.0 million issued in 2017 bearing an interest rate of three month LIBOR plus 5.125%, with interest payable quarterly and maturing on July 20, 2027, at which all principal is due, and $4.0 million issued in 2018 bearing a fixed interest rate of 7.125% payable semi-annually up to July 18, 2023, and converting to variable rate at three month LIBOR plus 5.125% payable quarterly, and maturing on March 31, 2028. The subordinated notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to the payment of our existing and future senior indebtedness and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries. Beginning July 1, 2023, in accordance with the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act and the rules promulgated by the Federal Reserve thereunder, the subordinated notes transitioned to an adjusted SOFR index.

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Capital Resources and Regulatory Capital Requirements

Shareholders’ equity increased $8.4 million, or 8.7%, to $104.9 million as of September 30, 2023, from $96.5 million as of December 31, 2022. The increase included net income of $11.9 million, $226,000 related to stock compensation expense, and $150,000 related to the reduction in note receivable utilized to exercise stock options. The increases were partly offset by the $1.3 million impact of the adoption of ASC 326, $37,000 net after-tax increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, the repurchase of common stock in the amount of $100,000 and dividends paid on the Series B preferred stock and paid on the common stock in the amounts of $1.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Together with the Bank, the Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s and, accordingly, the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. As of September 30, 2023, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company met the definition of “well-capitalized” under the applicable regulations of the Federal Reserve and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were in excess of the capital conservation buffer and the levels established for “well capitalized” institutions under the FDIC’s regulatory framework for prompt corrective action and the Basel III capital guidelines.

Quantitative measures established by regulations to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined in the regulations), common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to average assets (as defined in the regulations).

The following table presents our regulatory capital ratios, as well as those of the Bank, as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands, except percentages)	September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Tectonic Financial, Inc.
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	85,385		13.96	%	$	76,805		13.27	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk Weighted Assets)		68,135		16.26			59,555		14.80
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		85,385		20.38			76,805		19.09
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		90,623		21.63			81,317		20.21

T Bank, N.A.
Tier 1 Capital (to Average Assets)	$	84,791		14.05	%	$	76,767		13.47	%
Common Equity Tier 1 (to Risk Weighted Assets)		84,791		20.48			76,767		19.29
Tier 1 Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		84,791		20.48			76,767		19.29
Total Capital (to Risk Weighted Assets)		89,980		21.73			81,279		20.42

Sanders Morris is regulated by FINRA, which, among other requirements, imposes minimums on its net regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2023, Sanders Morris is in compliance with its net regulatory capital requirement.

Liquidity

Our liquidity relates to our ability to maintain a steady flow of funds to support our ongoing operating, investing and financing activities. Our board of directors establishes policies and analyzes and manages liquidity to ensure that adequate funds are available to meet normal operating requirements in addition to unexpected customer demands for funds, such as high levels of deposit withdrawals or loan demand, in a timely and cost-effective manner. The most important factor in the preservation of liquidity is maintaining public confidence that facilitates the retention and growth of a large, stable supply of core deposits and funds. Ultimately, public confidence is generated through profitable operations, sound credit quality and a strong capital position. Liquidity management is viewed from a long-term and a short-term perspective as well as from an asset and liability perspective. We monitor liquidity through a regular review of loan and deposit maturities and forecasts, incorporating this information into a detailed projected cash flow model.

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The Bank’s liquidity is monitored by its management, the Asset-Liability Committee and its board of directors who review historical funding requirements, current liquidity position, sources and stability of funding, marketability of assets, options for attracting additional funds, and anticipated future funding needs, including the level of unfunded commitments.

The Company’s primary sources of funds are retail, small business, custodial, wholesale commercial deposits, loan repayments, maturity of investment securities, other short-term borrowings, and other funds provided by operations. While scheduled loan repayments and maturing investments are relatively predictable, deposit flows and loan prepayments are more influenced by interest rates, general economic conditions, and competition. The Company will maintain investments in liquid assets based upon management’s assessment of (1) the need for funds, (2) expected deposit flows, (3) yields available on short-term liquid assets, and (4) objectives of the asset/liability management program.

As of September 30, 2023 the Company had approximately $39.7 million held in an interest-bearing account at the FRB. The Company has the ability to borrow funds as members of the FHLB and the FRB. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $54.9 million based upon loan collateral pledged to the FHLB, of which none was utilized as of September 30, 2023.

The borrowing capacity on the discount line of credit with the FRB was $46.5 million, of which none was utilized as of September 30, 2023. During March 2023, the Federal Reserve created the BTFP, which was made available to banks in response to liquidity concerns in the United States banking system. The BTFP allows the whole par value of available for sale securities to be included as the collateral value. As of September 30, 2023, securities with a par value of $23.3 million were pledged to the Federal Reserve under this program, none of which was borrowed against. In addition, the Company has approximately $161.8 million of SBA guaranteed loans held for investment that could be sold to investors.

Management believes that the Company has adequate liquidity to meet its obligations. However, if general economic conditions, potential recession in the United States and our market areas, the impacts related to or resulting from recent bank failures and any continuation of the recent uncertainty in the banking industry, including the associated impact to the Company and other financial institutions of any regulatory changes or other mitigation efforts taken by government agencies in response thereto, increased competition for deposits and related changes in deposit customer behavior, changes in market interest rates, the persistence of the current inflationary environment in the United States and our market areas, or other events, cause these sources of external funding to become restricted or are eliminated, the Company may not be able to raise adequate funds or may incur substantially higher funding costs or operating restrictions in order to raise the necessary funds to support the Company’s operations and growth.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying balance sheets. Our exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. We follow the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

As of September 30, 2023, we had commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit of approximately $55.6 million and $162,000, respectively.

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Allowance For Credit Losses - Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Exposures The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is calculated under the CECL model, representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. Off-balance sheet credit exposures primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding commitments to extend credit and letters of credit detailed above. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated by loan segment at each balance sheet date using the same methodologies as portfolio loans, taking into consideration the likelihood that funding will occur based on historical utilization rates. Upon adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the impact of adoption was $238,000 to the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposure, and subsequent to adoption we recognized a credit loss expense related to off-balance-sheet credit exposures totaling $10,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Further information regarding our policies and methodology used to estimate the allowance for credit losses for off-balance-sheet credit exposures is presented in Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Market Risk

As a financial institution, our primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Our asset liability management policy provides management with guidelines for effective funds management and we have established a measurement system for monitoring the net interest rate sensitivity position.

Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on most of our assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those which have a short term to maturity. Interest rate risk is the potential of economic losses due to future interest rate changes. These economic losses can be reflected as a loss of future net interest income and/or a loss of current fair market values. The objective is to measure the effect on net interest income and to adjust the balance sheet to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximizing income.

We manage exposure to interest rates by structuring the balance sheet in the ordinary course of business. We use no off-balance-sheet financial instruments to manage interest rate risk.

Our exposure to interest rate risk is managed by the Bank’s Asset Liability Committee in accordance with policies approved by the Bank’s board of directors. The committee formulates strategies based on appropriate levels of interest rate risk. In determining the appropriate level of interest rate risk, the committee considers the impact on earnings and capital of the current outlook on interest rates, potential changes in interest rates, liquidity, business strategies and other factors.

The committee meets regularly to review, among other things, the sensitivity of assets and liabilities to interest rate changes, the book and market values of assets and liabilities, unrealized gains and losses, purchase and sale activities, commitments to originate loans and the maturities of investments and borrowings. Additionally, the committee reviews liquidity, cash flow flexibility, maturities of deposits and consumer and commercial deposit activity. We employ methodologies to manage interest rate risk which include an analysis of relationships between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and an interest rate shock simulation model.

We use interest rate risk simulation models and shock analysis to test the interest rate sensitivity of net interest income and fair value of equity, and the impact of changes in interest rates on other financial metrics. The assumptions used are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various management strategies.

On at least an annual basis, we run various stress tests to measure the impact on net interest income and fair value of equity from changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. Under the static model, rates are shocked instantaneously, and ramped rates change over a twelve-month and twenty-four month horizon based upon parallel yield curve shifts. Parallel shock scenarios assume instantaneous parallel movements in the yield curve compared to a flat yield curve scenario. Additionally, we run non-parallel simulation involving analysis of interest income and expense under various changes in the shape of the yield curve.

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The following table summarizes the impact of an instantaneous, sustained simulated change in net interest income over a 12-month horizon as of September 30, 2023:

Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	% Change in Net Interest Income
+200	6.00
+100	3.00
-100	(2.74	)
-200	(5.49	)

We have found that, historically, interest rates on deposits change more slowly than changes in the discount and federal funds rates. This assumption is incorporated into the simulation model and is generally not fully reflected in a gap analysis, meaning that process by which we measure the gap between interest rate sensitive assets verses interest rate sensitive liabilities. The assumptions incorporated into the model are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely measure future net interest income or precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from the model’s simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and the application and timing of various strategies.

Impact of Inflation

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative value of money over time due to inflation or recession. Inflation generally increases the costs of funds and operating overhead, and to the extent loans and other assets bear variable rates, the yields on such assets. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant effect on the performance of a financial institution than the effects of general levels of inflation. In addition, inflation affects a financial institution’s cost of goods and services purchased, the cost of salaries and benefits, occupancy expense and similar items. Inflation and related increases in market interest rates by the Federal Reserve generally decrease the market value of investments and loans held and may adversely affect liquidity, earnings and shareholders’ equity.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, an evaluation was performed by the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply judgment in evaluating its controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15I and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective at the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are involved, from time to time, as plaintiff or defendant in various legal actions arising in the normal course of its business. Based on the information presently available, management believes that the ultimate outcome in such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the business’s financial condition or results of operations of the Company on a consolidated basis.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In evaluating an investment in any of our securities, investors should consider carefully, among other things, information under the heading “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of this Form 10-Q and the risk factors previously disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as provided in the risk factor below, management believes there have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed under Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent bank failures, the resulting media coverage, and the related negative impact on customer confidence in the safety and soundness of the banking industry may adversely affect our business, earnings and financial condition.

The Company is exposed to a number of risks when other financial institutions experience financial difficulties, which could result in an adverse impact on the regional banking industry, generally, and the business environment in which the Company operates. The failures of a number of banks in 2023, have resulted in significant market volatility among publicly traded bank holding companies and has caused uncertainty in the investor community and bank customers, generally. The recent bank failures may negatively impact customer confidence in the safety and soundness of regional banks and, as a result, customers may choose to maintain deposits with larger financial institutions or invest in higher yielding short-term fixed income securities, all of which could materially adversely impact our liquidity, cost of funding, loan funding capacity, net interest margin, capital and results of operations. In addition, this uncertainty and concern has been, and may be in the future, compounded by advances in technology that increase the speed at which deposits can be moved, as well as the speed and reach of media attention, including social media, and its ability to disseminate concerns or rumors, in each case potentially exacerbating liquidity concerns. Management continues to monitor the ongoing events concerning the recent bank failures as well as any future potential bank failures and volatility within the financial services industry generally, together with any responsive measures taken by the banking regulators to mitigate or manage potential turmoil in the financial services industry.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None during the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of the directors or officers of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

Exhibit No.		Description of Exhibit

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on May 9, 2019 (File No. 333-230949))
3.2		Certificate of Designation of 10.0% Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019 (File No. 001-38910))
3.3		Certificate of Designation of 9.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019 (File No. 001-38910))
3.4		Certificate of Amendment to effect Reverse Stock Split (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019 (File No. 001-38910))
3.5		Amended and Restated Bylaws (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.5 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on May 6, 2019 (File No. 333-230949))
31.1		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer*
31.2		Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer*
32.1		Section 1350 Certification**
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase*
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase*
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*	Filed herewith
**	Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	TECTONIC FINANCIAL, INC.

Date: November 14, 2023	By:	/s/ A. Haag Sherman
		A. Haag Sherman Chief Executive Officer/Principal Executive Officer

	By:	/s/ Ken Bramlage
		Ken Bramlage Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer/Principal Financial Officer