TELOS CORP - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

Commission file number: 001-08443

TELOS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (703) 724-3800

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

12% Cumulative Exchangeable Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ☐    No  ☒

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒    No  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2019:  Not applicable

As of March 23, 2020, the registrant had outstanding 45,098,460 shares of Class A Common Stock, no par value; and 4,037,628 shares of Class B Common Stock, no par value.

Certain of the information required in Part III of this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 13, 2020.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This annual report contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. In addition, in the future the Company, and others on its behalf, may make statements that constitute forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements may include, without limitation, statements relating to the Company’s plans, objectives or goals; future economic performance or prospects; the potential effect on the Company’s future performance of certain contingencies; and assumptions underlying any such statements.

Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends” and “plans” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. The forward-looking statements are and will be based upon management’s then current views and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance and are only applicable as of the dates of such statements. The Company does not intend to update these forward-looking statements except as may be required by applicable laws.

By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, and risks exist that predictions, forecasts, projections and other outcomes described or implied in forward-looking statements will not be achieved. The Company cautions you that a number of important factors could cause results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements, including without limitation the risks described under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the Company’s forward-looking statements.

PART I

Item 1.  Business

Overview

Telos Corporation, together with its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Telos” or “We”) is an information technology leader focused on designing and providing advanced technologies to deliver solutions that empower and protect the world’s most demanding enterprises. We empower our customers with cyber, cloud, and enterprise security solutions and services.  We protect vital assets that include the critical operational and tactical systems of our customers so that they can safely conduct their global missions. Our customer base consists primarily of military, intelligence and civilian agencies of the federal government and NATO allies around the world.

We generate approximately 82.7% of our revenues by delivering these solutions at a fixed price to our customers. This focus on fixed price delivery has enabled us to significantly reduce life cycle costs for our customers. We have been able to achieve this by investing in intellectual property development so that we can use automation, when appropriate.

While we were incorporated in 1971, we liquidated and/or sold our original businesses and refocused on delivering secure solutions beginning in 1997. Our Company includes Telos Corporation, Xacta Corporation, Teloworks, Inc., Telos APAC Pte. Ltd., and a 50% interest in Telos Identity Management Solutions, LLC (“Telos ID”).

We were incorporated in Maryland, our headquarters are located at 19886 Ashburn Road, Ashburn, VA 20147, and our telephone number is (703) 724-3800. Our website is www.telos.com.

Our Mission

Our mission is to protect critical information assets with solutions and services for cyber, cloud, and enterprise security.

We believe that our customer focus is the foundation of our success to date. We also believe that this focus is critical for the creation of long-term value.

How We Provide Value to Our Customers

We serve our customers by developing solutions that are quickly and efficiently deployed so that our customers have the assurance that they can safely conduct their vital missions around the world. Some of the key benefits we offer our customers include:

Protecting and Securing Assets. Whether we are guarding access to systems, networks, communications, or people, our solutions work to protect what is most important to today’s security-conscious enterprises.

Achieving Regulatory Compliance. From embedding the latest security standards in our cyber risk management software, to complying with network security requirements on a particular military base, our solutions give our customers confidence in their ability to meet established security framework and standards.

Ensuring the Reliability of Operations. Our testing is comprehensive, assuring our customers of a dependable product when delivered. Our support is worldwide, extending from helpdesk resources for government agencies and our commercial customers throughout the country to field support overseas.

Leveraging Customers’ Existing Infrastructure. Our pre-deployment assessment of our customers’ environments, ranging from secure network site surveys to evaluations of physical security access, assures our customers of the technical and operational compatibility of our solutions.

Market-driven, Customer-responsive Offerings

Our solution development philosophy involves responding to proven market demand with rapid development and continuous innovation in an effort to meet and anticipate our customers’ dynamic and evolving requirements. Consider some of the challenges that face security-conscious organizations today:

Organizations depend on information and operational technologies. Organizations depend on increasingly complex information and operational technologies, including mobile and wireless applications, cloud-based resources, industrial IoT, ICS, SCADA, and others. Data and applications are hosted on-premises, in the cloud, and in hybrid environments. Further, the growing integration of information and communications technology (ICT) and operational technology (OT) offers greater control over operational systems but also expands the overall attack surface of the enterprise.

Organizations are accelerating their move to the cloud. The most salient aspect of today’s technology environment is the cloud.  Enterprises are dramatically accelerating the move of applications, storage, and ICT/OT infrastructure to hosted environments.  Having gained more experience with the cloud and with greater confidence in its security, more organizations are taking advantage of the rapid application development, greater flexibility, and strategic agility the cloud offers.

Organizations work across and beyond the enterprise. Enterprises are no longer defined by or confined by real estate, geography, or personnel rolls. Information and applications are now accessible in the cloud. Mobile devices free personnel to work wherever their mission takes them. Employees, contractors, and partners collaborate in the physical and digital domains, trusting that they can rely on the integrity and trustworthiness of their people and their systems.

The networked nature of enterprise technologies and the ability to work outside the organizational perimeter lead to greater vulnerabilities, increased risk, and the constant threat of attack.  The cloud in particular adds new complexities due to the shared responsibility of cloud security and the need to manage and maintain the compliance of cloud-based resources. All of which means that organizations need to understand and manage cyber risk and reduce their attack surface in order to protect their ICT and OT systems and the people who use them.

Telos: Solutions for Cyber, Cloud, and Enterprise Security

In response to these trends, Telos offers solutions that secure cyberspace, the cloud environment, and the people and operations of the enterprise. These three facets of the modern organization share much in common, yet also call for a diverse range of skills, capabilities, and experience in order to meet the requirements of security-conscious customers.

Telos’ decades-long resume of providing a broad spectrum of technology and security solutions uniquely qualifies us to meet our customers’ needs in these three areas. Our experience in addressing challenges in one operation of the enterprise informs our work in meeting requirements in others.  We understand that a range of complementary capabilities may be needed to solve a single challenge, and we also recognize when a single solution might address multiple challenges.

Our substantive expertise in developing, orchestrating, and delivering solutions across these areas gives us the vision and the confidence to provide solutions that empower and protect the enterprise at an integrated, holistic level.

Our capabilities in these areas include:

●

Cybersecurity – Today’s enterprises need to understand and manage their cyber risk and reduce their cyber attack surfaces.  Telos helps our customers assure the ongoing security, integrity, and compliance of their on-premises and cloud-based systems and to reduce threats and vulnerabilities to foil cyber adversaries before they can attack.  Our consultants assess our customers’ security environments and design, engineer, and operate the systems they need to strengthen their cybersecurity posture.

●

Cloud Security – The cloud as an organizational resource is more than two decades old, yet the needs of cloud users are constantly changing. Telos offers the specialized skills and experience needed to help our customers plan, engineer, and execute secure cloud migration strategies and then assure ongoing management and security in keeping with the leading standards for cloud-based systems and workloads.

●

Enterprise Security – Securing the enterprise means protecting the essential and timeless elements common to every organization: Its people and processes, its supply chain and inventories, its finances and facilities, its information and communications. As ICT and OT systems have become part of the organizational DNA, Telos has led with offerings that ensure personnel can work securely and productively across and beyond the enterprise.

Selected Examples of How We Accomplish Our Mission

We protect the systems of our customers through the development and delivery of our Xacta software (“Xacta”). Xacta is the premier solution for continuous assessment and authorization, and is used throughout the Department of Defense (“DoD”), intelligence communities and civilian government, as well as by commercial businesses. We have performed thousands of certifications and our product has been adopted by numerous enterprises as their solution of choice for risk management and ongoing compliance. Our success in this area is exemplified by our work with Amazon Web Services (AWS) in compliance automation for the intelligence community’s highly secure C2S cloud region. Xacta is eliminating up to six weeks of manual effort with each compliance regulation update and increasing efficiencies in completing Authorizations to Operate (ATOs), in some cases up to 90 percent faster.

We streamline and automate the process of selecting, applying, and monitoring security controls for cloud-based systems and applications so that security-conscious organizations can migrate their workloads to the cloud faster and more efficiently. Our solutions make it easier to automate compliance and generate associated documentation, streamlining our customers’ ability to demonstrate that they meet the relevant security standards in their respective industries. We also provide a full complement of enterprise cloud services, including engineering, migration, security, and managed services.

We offer Telos Ghost, a cybersecurity solution that gives organizations an anonymous way to do business, connect with global resources, and conduct research online.  Telos Ghost eliminates cyber attack surfaces by obfuscating and encrypting data, masking user identity and location, and hiding network resources. It is useful for intelligence gathering, cyber threat protection, securing critical infrastructure, and protecting communications and applications.

We protect and extend the wireless networks of our customers with secure mobility solutions that reduce their exposure to risk and assure they can safely communicate across the enterprise and around the world. Our solutions help customers securely connect to any information source, using any device, over any wireless medium, providing access to real-time information that is secure, accurate, and reliable.

We protect and enhance the communications of our customers through the development and delivery of our Telos Automated Message Handling System (“AMHS”), which has been adopted by the DoD to carry all official message traffic and is implemented throughout all branches of the military, the intelligence community, and other critical civilian agencies. AMHS is also used by U.S. Central Command to meet its critical organization and communications requirements in the CENTCOM Theater of Operations including Iraq and Afghanistan.

Through an exclusive subcontractor relationship with our subsidiary Telos ID, we assess, design, and deliver identity and access solutions to protect national security assets, people, and facilities. Among these programs is the leading TSA-designated aviation channeling (DAC) service for the U.S. aviation industry, serving over 90 commercial airports, airlines, and general aviation customers. Telos ID aviation partners are expanding use of DAC services to include Rap Back and our recently introduced offering, iSFV, a Secure Flight Vetting service. Telos ID also supports the premier federal identity application, which has issued over 46,000,000 smart card based secure credentials for active duty uniformed service personnel, Selected Reserve, DoD civilian employees, and eligible contractor personnel. Additionally, we provide near real-time data collection on personnel movement and location information for operating forces, government civil servants, and government contractors in specified operational theaters. This system has captured over 636,000,000 scans by more than 3,000,000 U.S. Government, U.S. Military and company contractor personnel since its inception. Telos ID also provides nationwide identity verification, fingerprinting and photo services across the nation in support of the 2020 Census, and was recently awarded a 10-year contract to provide enrollment services in support of the TSA Precheck™ Expansion Program and anticipates launching services under this program in the fall of 2020.

We would not be able to design, deliver, install, and support any of our solutions without our employees. They are a vital element of our success. We provide competitive pay and benefits and a work environment that promotes employee retention.

The Technology Behind Our Solutions

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Techniques:  We employ development and production methodologies such as Agile and ISO 9001 to ensure predictability, repeatability, and quality. Techniques such as continuous integration are employed to accelerate the solution development and testing process while at the same time reducing cost and improving quality. We believe such techniques are critical for providing our customers with a high quality user experience.

●

Architecture:  The nature of our customers’ missions requires our solutions to be highly secure and scalable. Aside from architecting our solutions with these core objectives in mind, we also employ open standards and technologies that afford a high degree of flexibility and interoperability needed to support web-based and netcentric operations.

Intellectual Property

We invest in the creation of intellectual property and employ various forms of legal intellectual property protection mechanisms including the use of copyright, trademark, patent, and trade secret laws in North America and other jurisdictions. We have intellectual property reviews as an integral part of our development process in order to identify intellectual property as early as possible in the development process so the appropriate form of protection can be obtained. We also vigorously control access to intellectual property via physical and logical protection mechanisms. All of our employees sign agreements that govern intellectual property ownership and confidentiality. We also enter into intellectual property, confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements with partners and other third parties.

Patents, Copyright, Trademarks, Trade Secrets and Licenses

We have made it a practice of obtaining patent, copyright and/or trademark protection on our products, processes and marks where possible. We own a number of patents and copyrights, which we believe to be of material importance to the Company. Our patents and copyrights extend for varying periods of time based on the date of application or registration. Generally, registered copyright protection continues for a term of at least 70 years. Trademark and service mark protection for registered marks generally continues for as long as the marks are used.  We treat a portion of our intellectual property as trade secrets and implement appropriate strategies to protect those assets.

Telos, Telos Ghost, and Xacta are trademarks of Telos Corporation.

Sales and Marketing

We target decision makers in government agencies and departments, and commercial businesses who have a need for cyber, cloud, and enterprise security solutions. Decisions regarding contract awards by our customers typically are based upon an assessment of the quality of our past performance, responsiveness to proposal requirements, uniqueness of the offering itself, price, and other competitive factors.

Our products and services in many instances combine a wide range of skills drawn from each of our major product and service offerings. Accordingly, we must maintain expert knowledge of federal agency policies, procedures and operations.

   

We employ marketing and business development professionals who identify, qualify, and sell opportunities for us. Virtually all of our officers and managers, including the chief executive officer, other executive officers, vice presidents, and division managers, actively engage in new business development.

We have strategic business relationships with certain companies in the information technology industry. These strategic partners have business objectives compatible with ours, and offer products and services that complement ours. We intend to continue developing such relationships wherever they support our marketing, growth and solution offering objectives.

The majority of our business is awarded through submission of formal competitive bids. Commercial bids are frequently negotiated as to terms and conditions such as schedule, specifications, delivery and payment. However, in government proposals, in most cases, the customer specifies the terms, conditions and form of the contract.

Our contracts and subcontracts are generally composed of a wide range of contract types including indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (“IDIQ”) and government-wide acquisition contracts (known as “GWACs”) which are generally firm fixed-priced, cost plus, or time-and-materials contracts. For 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company’s revenue derived from firm fixed-price contracts was 82.7%, 74.9%, and 83.1%, respectively, cost plus contracts was 8.2%, 12.9%, and 7.4%, respectively, and time-and-material contracts was 9.1%, 12.2%, and 9.5%, respectively.

We derive a substantial portion of our revenues from contracts and subcontracts with the U.S. Government. Our revenues are generated from a number of contract vehicles and task orders. Over the past several years we have sought to diversify and improve our operating margins through an evolution of our business from an emphasis on product reselling to that of an advanced solutions and services provider. To that end, although we continue to offer resold products through our contract vehicles, we have focused on selling solutions and services and outsourcing product sales, as well as designing and delivering Telos manufactured technology products. In general, we believe our contract portfolio is characterized as having low to moderate financial risk due to the limited number of long-term fixed price development contracts.

Our IT solutions primarily involve the design and integration of commercial off-the-shelf IT products into integrated solutions deliverables. Such equipment is generally available from several sources, although several factors including technical specifications, proprietary or brand-specific equipment requirements, or contractual channel agreements may limit the availability of sourcing options. We utilize more than 300 vendors as direct materials suppliers, subcontractors, and service providers. The vendors utilized in any given measurement period vary based on the mix and timing of the solutions delivered. Therefore, while a smaller subset of suppliers, subcontractors, and service providers may be employed to deliver the majority of the revenue for a particular period, were there to be an unforeseen disruption to one of these vendors, the delay would likely be short-term in nature due to the existence of alternate sourcing options.

We derived a substantial portion of our revenues from contracts and subcontracts with the U.S. Government. Revenue by customer sector for the last three fiscal years is as follows:

We build market awareness of Telos and our solutions through a variety of marketing programs, including regular briefings with industry analysts, public relations activities, government relations initiatives, web seminars, trade show exhibitions, speaking engagements, blog and other social media posts, and web site marketing. When appropriate, we pursue joint marketing and selling efforts with our strategic partners.

Our People and Culture

As of December 31, 2019, we employed 730 people, which includes 75 from Teloworks, and 149 from Telos ID. Of our employees, 404 hold security clearances of secret or higher.

Our people are proficient in many fields such as computer science, information security and vulnerability testing, networking technologies, physics, engineering, operations research, mathematics, economics, and business administration. We place a high value on our people. As a result, we seek to remain competitive in terms of salary structures, incentive compensation programs, fringe benefits, opportunities for growth, and individual recognition and award programs.

Our management team is committed to maintaining a corporate culture that fosters mutual respect and job satisfaction for our people, while delivering innovation and value to customers and shareholders. This commitment is reflected in our core values.

Always with integrity, at Telos we:

Build trusted relationships,

Work hard together,

Design and deliver superior solutions, and

Have fun doing it.

These values are woven throughout the fabric of Telos. They are reflected in our hiring practices, reinforced regularly, and reviewed during appraisals. They are written into annual and quarterly objectives for staff and managers alike, as well as department and company business goals. Employees are encouraged to challenge themselves and each other to exhibit the core values in everyday activities.

Our employees also are given avenues of communication and interaction should they observe activities that are inconsistent with the Company’s core values. Encouraged first to speak openly about any issues, a hotline provides an opportunity to express concerns anonymously.

We consider the foundational value of integrity to be a non-negotiable requirement of employment, and an expectation of suppliers, partners, and our customers. We guard our reputation and will take aggressive action to protect it. An essential part of our brand promise is that we always engage employees, customers, partners, suppliers, and investors with integrity.

Competition

We operate in a highly competitive marketplace. There are other companies that provide solutions similar to ours. Although these companies provide offerings that overlap with some of our solutions, we are not aware of any single company that provides competitive solutions in all of the areas where we compete. The companies that our solution areas compete with range from integrators that provide products and services such as Booz Allen Hamilton, General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, SAIC and Daon, to more software-specific organizations such as ServiceNow and RSA Archer.

The majority of our business is generated in response to competitive requests from potential and current customers. Decisions regarding contract awards by our customers typically are based upon an assessment of the quality of our past performance, responsiveness to proposal requirements, uniqueness of the offering itself, price, and other competitive factors.

Aside from other companies that compete in our space, we sometimes face indirect competition from solutions that are developed “in-house” by some of our customers.

Government Contracts and Regulation

Our business is heavily regulated. We must comply with and are affected by laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of U.S. Government and other contracts. These laws and regulations, among other things: 

●	impose specific and unique cost accounting practices that may differ from Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America and therefore require reconciliation;

●	impose acquisition regulations that define reimbursable and non-reimbursable costs; and

●	restrict the use and dissemination of information classified for national security purposes and the export of certain products and technical data.

Government contracts are subject to congressional funding. Consequently, at the outset of a program, a contract is usually partially funded, and Congress annually determines if additional funds are to be appropriated to the contract. All of our government customers have the right to terminate their contract with us at their convenience or in the event that we default.

A portion of our business is classified by the U.S. Government and cannot be specifically described. The operating results of these classified programs are included in our consolidated financial statements.

Backlog

Many of our contracts with the U.S. Government are funded year to year by the procuring U.S. Government agency as determined by the fiscal requirements of the U.S. Government and the respective procuring agency. Such a contracting process results in two distinct categories of backlog: funded and unfunded.  Total backlog consists of the aggregate contract revenues remaining to be earned by us at a given time over the life of our contracts, whether funded or not.  Funded backlog consists of the aggregate contract revenues remaining to be earned by us at a given time, but only to the extent, in the case of U.S. Government contracts, when funded by the procuring U.S. Government agency and allotted to the specific contracts.  Unfunded backlog is the difference between total backlog and funded backlog.  Included in unfunded backlog are revenues which may be earned only when and if customers exercise delivery orders and/or renewal options to continue such existing contracts.

A number of contracts that we undertake extend beyond one year and, accordingly, portions of contracts are carried forward from one year to the next as part of the backlog. Because many factors affect the scheduling and continuation of projects, no assurance can be given as to when revenue will be realized on projects included in our backlog.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had total backlog from existing contracts of approximately $354.5 million and $290.8 million, respectively.  Such amounts are the maximum possible value of additional future orders for systems, products, maintenance and other support services presently allowable under those contracts, including renewal options available on the contracts if fully exercised by the customers.

 

Funded backlog as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $112.4 million and $79.3 million, respectively.

While backlog remains a measurement consideration, in recent years we, as well as other U.S. Government contractors, experienced a material change in the manner in which the U.S. Government procures equipment and services. These procurement changes include the growth in the use of General Services Administration ("GSA") schedules which authorize agencies of the U.S. Government to purchase significant amounts of equipment and services. The use of the GSA schedules results in a significantly shorter and much more flexible procurement cycle, as well as increased competition with many companies holding such schedules. Along with the GSA schedules, the U.S. Government is awarding a large number of omnibus contracts with multiple awardees. Such contracts generally require extensive marketing efforts by the multiple awardees to procure business under the omnibus contract through separate task or delivery orders. The use of GSA schedules and omnibus contracts, while generally not providing immediate backlog, provide areas of growth that we continue to aggressively pursue.

Seasonality

We derive a substantial portion of our revenues from U.S. Government contracting, and as such we are annually subject to the seasonality of the U.S. Government purchasing. As the U.S. Government fiscal year ends on September 30, it is not uncommon for U.S. Government agencies to award extra tasks in the weeks immediately prior to the end of its fiscal year in order to avoid the loss of unexpended fiscal year funds. As a result of this cyclicality, we have historically experienced higher revenues in the third and fourth fiscal quarters, ending September 30 and December 31, respectively, with the pace of orders typically substantially reduced during the first and second fiscal quarters ending March 31 and June 30, respectively.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to other information in this Form 10-K, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating the Company and its businesses because these factors currently have, or may have, a significant impact on our business, operating results or financial condition. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K as a result of the risk factors discussed below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Our inability to maintain sufficient access to the capital markets to provide the necessary capital to fund our operations would have a significant impact on our business.

Our primary source of funds to meet our liquidity and capital requirements is an Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Republic Capital Access, LLC (“RCA”). Under the Purchase Agreement, we may offer for sale, and RCA, in its sole discretion may purchase, up to $10 million of eligible accounts receivable relating to U.S. Government prime contracts or subcontracts outstanding at any given time. The willingness of RCA to purchase our accounts receivable under the Purchase Agreement, and our ability to obtain additional financing, may be limited due to various factors, including the eligibility of our accounts receivable under those agreements, the status of our business, global credit market conditions, or perceptions of our business or industry by RCA, or other potential sources of financing. In January 2017, we borrowed $11 million, and in July 2019, an additional $5 million, under a credit agreement with Enlightenment Capital Solutions Fund II, L.P. to raise additional working capital and retire certain long-term obligations. If we are unable to maintain the Purchase Agreement, we would need to obtain additional credit to fund our future operations. If credit is available in that event, lenders may impose more restrictive terms and higher interest rates that may reduce our borrowing capacity, increase our costs, or reduce our operating flexibility. The failure to maintain, extend, renew or replace our new sources of financing with a comparable arrangement or arrangements that provide similar amounts of liquidity for the Company would have a material negative impact on our overall liquidity, financial and operating results.

We depend on the U.S. Government for a significant portion of our sales and a significant decline in U.S. Government defense and intelligence community spending, or a reallocation of spending to other priorities, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our sales are highly concentrated with the U.S. Government. The customer relationship with the U.S. Government involves certain risks that are unique. The programs in which we participate must compete with other programs and policy imperatives during the budget and appropriations process.  In each of the past three years, a substantial portion of our net sales were to the U.S. Government, particularly the DoD. U.S. defense spending has historically been cyclical. Defense budgets have received their strongest support when perceived threats to national security raise the level of concern over the country’s safety. As these threats subside, spending on the military tends to decrease. Rising budget deficits, increasing national debt, the cost of the global war on terrorism, increasing costs for entitlement programs, and potentially the large costs of combating the Coronavirus pandemic and addressing the health concerns and economic dislocation caused by COVID-19, continue to put pressure on all areas of discretionary spending, which could ultimately impact the defense budget.

U.S. Government appropriations have been and continue to be affected by larger U.S. Government budgetary issues and related legislation. In 2011, Congress enacted the Budget Control Act of 2011 (the “BCA”), which established specific limits on annual appropriations for fiscal years 2012-2021. The BCA has been amended a number of times, most recently by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (the “BBA”), which was enacted on August 2, 2019. As a result, DoD funding levels have fluctuated over this period and have been difficult to predict. Most recently, while the two-year BBA allowed for modestly increased defense spending in FY 2020, unless and until it is again modified, the BBA also essentially will maintain defense spending in FY 2021 with only a minor increase (less than 1.0 percent) permitted above the current FY 2020 appropriated funding level.

According to the Office of Management and Budget, federal outlays devoted to defense programs have fallen from 4.5 percent to 3.2 percent as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since enactment of the BCA. Moreover, as a result of the spending caps imposed by the BCA, annual DoD budget authority in FY 2020 is only 3.7 percent higher (in unadjusted dollars) than it was a decade ago in FY 2010.

Since final enactment in December 2019 of appropriations legislation for FY 2020, and the February 10, 2020 submission of the President’s proposed FY 2021 budget, the Coronavirus pandemic and associated economic dislocation in the United States has resulted in the need for an overwhelming federal response. This has led to the enactment of several comprehensive appropriations and economic stimulus measures, as well as negotiations between Congress and the White House for additional massive initiatives for the current year and into the next fiscal year, the details of which are not yet finalized.  These substantial alterations to FY 2020 spending baselines are also likely to further impact FY 2021 spending in ways that cannot now be predicted.  The impact of the health and economic crisis, and the resulting large increase in federal spending, on the government contracts that we hold and the federal procurements that we would otherwise compete for cannot now be known.

In addition to the ongoing need to respond to the crisis in the current fiscal year, Congress and the President must agree on FY 2021 appropriations legislation prior to October 1, 2020; failing to do so by then would likely mean DoD and other departments will again be funded for an unknown period of time under another Continuing Resolution, which would again restrict new spending initiatives.  This is consistent with the practice for a number of years where the U.S. Government has been unable to complete its appropriations process prior to the beginning of the next fiscal year, resulting in actual or threatened governmental shut-downs and repeated use for extended time periods each year of Continuing Resolutions to fund part or all of the government.  The impact of the substantial additional spending on the Coronavirus pandemic on the appropriations for FY 2021, and the appropriations process itself, is not now known.

The current health and economic crisis is highly fluid, and it is likely to continue to affect multiple federal departments and agencies for an unknown period of time and in ways that are difficult to predict. Nonetheless, we believe that the federal government will very likely endeavor to maintain continuity of services and, with much of the business of government now being conducted through use of information technology systems and in many cases during the crisis remotely, we believe there will continue to be a need on the part of the government for the types of solutions and services provided by Telos.

A novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, may adversely affect our business operations and financial condition.

In December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China.  On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and on March 13, 2020, President Donald J. Trump declared the virus a national emergency. This highly contagious disease has spread to most of the countries in the world and throughout the United States, creating a serious impact on customers, workforces, and suppliers, disrupting economies and financial markets, and potentially leading to a world-wide economic downturn. It has caused a disruption of the normal operations of many businesses, including the temporary closure or scale-back of business operations and/or the imposition of either quarantine or remote work or meeting requirements for employees, either by government order or on a voluntary basis. The pandemic may adversely affect our customers’ ability to perform their missions and is in many cases disrupting their operations.  It may also impact the ability of our subcontractors, partners, and suppliers to operate and fulfill their contractual obligations, and result in an increase in their costs and cause delays in performance. These supply chain effects, and the direct effect of the virus and the disruption on our operations, may negatively impact both our ability to meet customer demand and our revenue and profit margins. Our employees, in some cases, are working remotely due either to safety concerns or to customer imposed limitations and using various technologies to perform their functions. We could see delays or changes in customer demand, particularly if government funding priorities change. Additionally, the disruption and volatility in the global and domestic capital markets may increase the cost of capital and limit our ability to access capital. Both the health and economic aspects of COVID-19 are highly fluid and the future course of each is uncertain. For these reasons and other reasons that may come to light if the coronavirus pandemic and associated protective or preventative measures expand, we may experience a material adverse effect on our business operations, revenues and financial condition; however, its ultimate impact is highly uncertain and subject to change.

Our facilities or operations could be adversely affected by events outside of our control, such as natural disasters, wars or health epidemics.

We may be impacted by natural disasters, wars, power outages, health epidemics or pandemics, or other events outside of our control. If major disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, or other events occur, or our information system or communications network breaks down, operates improperly, or is unusable, our headquarters and other facilities may be seriously damaged, or we may have to stop or delay production and delivery of our solutions and services. Although we maintain crisis management and disaster response plans, such events could make it difficult or impossible for us to deliver our solutions and services to our customers, and could decrease demand for our offerings. We may incur shutdowns, delays, disruptions or expenses relating to such events outside of our control, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Because we do not carry insurance for all of these possible losses, and significant recovery time could be required to resume operations, our financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected by such an event outside of our control.

Our U.S. Government contracts are subject to competitive bidding, both upon initial issuance and re-competition. If we are unable to successfully compete in the bidding process or if we fail to win re-competitions, it could adversely affect our operating performance and lead to an unexpected loss of revenue.

Substantially all of our U.S. Government contracts are awarded through a competitive bidding process upon initial award and renewal, and we expect that this will continue to be the case. There is often significant competition and pricing pressure as a result of this process. The competitive bidding process presents a number of risks, including the following:

●	we may expend substantial funds and time to prepare bids and proposals for contracts that may ultimately be awarded to one of our competitors;

●	we may be unable to accurately estimate the resources and costs that will be required to perform any contract we are awarded, which could result in substantial cost overruns;

●

we may encounter expense and delay if our competitors protest or challenge awards of contracts, and any such protest or challenge could result in a requirement to resubmit bids on modified specifications or in the termination, reduction or modification of the awarded contract. Additionally, the protest of contracts awarded to us may result in the delay of program performance and the generation of revenue while the protest is pending; and

●	if we are not given the opportunity to re-compete for U.S. Government contracts previously awarded to us, we may incur expenses to protect such decision and ultimately may not succeed in competing for or winning such contract renewal.

The U.S. Government contracts for which we compete typically have multiple option periods, and if we fail to win a contract or a task order, we generally will be unable to compete again for that contract for several years. If we fail to win new contracts or to receive renewal contracts upon re-competition, it may result in additional costs and expenses and possible loss of revenue, and we will not have an opportunity to compete for these contract opportunities again until such contracts expire.

U.S. Government contracts generally are not fully funded at inception and are subject to amendment or termination, which places a significant portion of our revenues at risk and could adversely impact our earnings.

Our U.S. Government sales are funded by customer budgets, which operate on an October-to-September fiscal year. In February of each year, the President of the United States presents to the Congress the budget for the upcoming fiscal year. This budget proposes funding levels for every federal agency and is the result of months of policy and program reviews throughout the Executive branch. From February through September of each year, the appropriations and authorization committees of Congress review the President’s budget proposals and establish the funding levels for the upcoming fiscal year in appropriations and authorization legislation. Once these levels are enacted into law, the Executive Office of the President administers the funds to the agencies. There are two primary risks associated with this process. First, the process may be delayed or disrupted. Changes in congressional schedules, negotiations for program funding levels or unforeseen world events can interrupt the funding for a program or contract. Second, funds for multi-year contracts can be changed in subsequent years in the appropriations process. In addition, the U.S. Government has increasingly relied on IDIQ contracts and other procurement vehicles that are subject to a competitive bidding and funding process even after the award of the basic contract, adding an additional element of uncertainty to future funding levels. Delays in the funding process or changes in funding or funding priorities can impact the timing of available funds or can lead to changes in program content or termination at the government’s convenience. The loss of anticipated funding or the termination of multiple or large programs could have an adverse effect on our future sales and earnings. The health and economic crisis created by the Coronavirus pandemic, and the substantial increase in federal spending devoted to addressing multiple aspects of the crisis, might cause changes in federal or agency spending priorities that might impact our customer’s willingness or ability to continue or extend our contracts or procure contracts which we otherwise, in the absence of the crisis, might have secured.

We are subject to substantial oversight from federal agencies that have the authority to suspend our ability to bid on contracts.

As a U.S. Government contractor, we are subject to oversight by many agencies and entities of the U.S. Government that may investigate and make inquiries of our business practices and conduct audits of contract performance and cost accounting. Depending on the results of any such audits and investigations, the U.S. Government may make claims against us. Under U.S. Government procurement regulations and practices, an indictment of a U.S. Government contractor could result in that contractor being fined and/or suspended for a period of time from eligibility for bidding on, or for the award of, new U.S. Government contracts. A conviction could result in debarment for a specified period of time. To the best of management’s knowledge, there are no pending investigations, inquiries, claims or audits against the Company likely to have a material adverse effect on our business or our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

We enter into fixed-price and other contracts that could subject us to losses if we experience cost growth that cannot be billed to customers.

Generally, our customer contracts are either fixed-priced or cost reimbursable contracts. Under fixed-priced contracts, which represented approximately 82.7% of our 2019 revenues, we receive a fixed price irrespective of the actual costs we incur and, consequently, we carry the burden of any cost overruns. Due to their nature, fixed-priced contracts inherently have more risk than cost reimbursable contracts, particularly fixed-price development contracts where the costs to complete the development stage of the program can be highly variable, uncertain and difficult to estimate. Under cost reimbursable contracts, subject to a contract-ceiling amount in certain cases, we are reimbursed for allowable costs and paid a fee, which may be fixed or performance based. If our costs exceed the contract ceiling and are not authorized by the customer or are not allowable under the contract or applicable regulations, we may not be able to obtain reimbursement for all such costs and our fees may be reduced or eliminated. Because many of our contracts involve advanced designs and innovative technologies, we may experience unforeseen technological difficulties and cost overruns. Under both types of contracts, if we are unable to control costs or if our initial cost estimates are incorrect, we can lose money on these contracts. In addition, some of our contracts have provisions relating to cost controls and audit rights, and if we fail to meet the terms specified in those contracts, we may not realize their full benefits. Lower earnings caused by cost overruns and cost controls would have a negative impact on our results of operations.

We depend on third parties in order to fully perform under our contracts and the failure of a third party to perform could have an adverse impact on our earnings.

We rely on subcontractors and other companies to provide raw materials, major components and subsystems for our products or to perform a portion of the services that we provide to our customers. Occasionally, we rely on only one or two sources of supply, which, if disrupted, could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers. We depend on these subcontractors and vendors to fulfill their contractual obligations in a timely and satisfactory manner in full compliance with customer requirements. If one or more of our subcontractors or suppliers is unable to satisfactorily provide on a timely basis the agreed-upon supplies or perform the agreed-upon services, our ability to perform our obligations as a prime contractor may be adversely affected.

Our future profitability depends, in part, on our ability to develop new technologies and maintain a qualified workforce to meet the needs of our customers.

Virtually all of the products that we produce and sell are highly engineered and require sophisticated manufacturing and system integration techniques and capabilities. The government market in which we primarily operate is characterized by rapidly changing technologies. The product and program needs of our government and commercial customers change and evolve regularly. Accordingly, our future performance in part depends on our ability to identify emerging technological trends, develop and manufacture competitive products, and bring those products to market quickly at cost-effective prices. In addition, because of the highly specialized nature of our business, we must be able to hire and retain the skilled and appropriately qualified personnel necessary to perform the services required by our customers. If we are unable to develop new products that meet customers’ changing needs or successfully attract and retain qualified personnel, future sales and earnings may be adversely affected.

The business environment in which we operate is highly competitive and may impair our ability to achieve revenue growth.

We operate in industry segments that are diverse. Based upon our current market analysis, there is no single company or small group of companies in a dominant competitive position. Some large competitors offer capabilities in a number of markets that overlap many of the same areas in which we offer services, while certain companies are focused upon only one or a few of such markets.  Some of the firms that compete with us in multiple areas include: Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin and General Dynamics. In addition, we compete with smaller specialty companies, including risk and compliance management companies, organizational messaging companies, and security consulting organizations, and companies that provide secure network offerings. If we do not compete effectively, we may suffer price reductions, reduced gross margins, and loss of market share.

Some of our security solutions have lengthy sales and implementation cycles, which could significantly impact our results of operations if projected orders are not realized.

We market the majority of our security solutions directly to U.S. Government customers. The sale and implementation of our services to these entities typically involves a lengthy education process and a significant technical evaluation and commitment of capital and other resources. This process is also subject to the risk of delays associated with customers’ internal budgeting and other procedures for approving large capital expenditures, deploying new technologies within their networks and testing and accepting new technologies that affect key operations. As a result, the sales and implementation cycles associated with certain of our services can be lengthy. Our quarterly and annual operating results could be materially harmed if orders forecasted for a specific customer for a particular quarter are not realized.

Our business could be negatively affected by cyber or other security threats or other disruptions.

As a U.S. defense contractor, we face cyber threats, threats to the physical security of our facilities and employees, and terrorist acts, as well as the potential for business disruptions associated with information technology failures, natural disasters, or public health or economic crises, such as that created by the Coronavirus pandemic. We routinely experience cyber security threats, threats to our information technology infrastructure and attempts to gain access to our sensitive information, as do our customers, suppliers, subcontractors and joint venture partners. We may experience similar security threats at customer sites that we operate and manage as a contractual requirement. Prior cyber attacks directed at us have not had a material impact on our financial results, and we believe our threat detection and mitigation processes and procedures are adequate. The threats we face vary from attacks common to most industries to more advanced and persistent, highly organized adversaries who target us because we protect national security information. If we are unable to protect sensitive information, our customers or governmental authorities could question the adequacy of our threat mitigation and detection processes and procedures.  Due to the evolving nature of these security threats, however, the impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. Occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our internal operations, the services we provide to our customers, loss of competitive advantages derived from our research and development efforts or other intellectual property, early obsolescence of our products and services, our future financial results, or our reputation.

If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, our revenues may be impacted adversely by the unauthorized use of our products and services.

Our success depends on our internally developed technologies, patents and other intellectual property. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our trade secrets or other forms of intellectual property without authorization. Furthermore, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights in those countries to the same extent U.S. law protects these rights in the United States. In addition, it is possible that others may independently develop substantially equivalent intellectual property. If we do not effectively protect our intellectual property, our business could suffer. In the future, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This type of litigation, regardless of its outcome, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources.

If we are unable to license third-party technology that is used in our products and services to perform key functions, the loss could have an adverse effect on our revenues.

The third-party technology licenses used by us may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our business could suffer if we lost the rights to use these technologies. A third-party could claim that the licensed software infringes a patent or other proprietary right. Litigation between the licensor and a third-party or between us and a third-party could lead to royalty obligations for which we are not indemnified or for which indemnification is insufficient, or we may not be able to obtain any additional license on commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss of, or our inability to obtain or maintain, any of these technology licenses could delay the introduction of new products or services until equivalent technology, if available, is identified, licensed and integrated. This could harm our business.

We are involved in a number of legal proceedings. We cannot predict the outcome of litigation and other contingencies with certainty.

Our business may be adversely affected by the outcome of legal proceedings and other contingencies that cannot be predicted with certainty. As required by GAAP, we estimate loss contingencies and establish reserves based on our assessment of contingencies where liability is deemed probable and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable in light of the facts and circumstances known to us at a particular point in time. Subsequent developments in legal proceedings may affect our assessment of the potential for liability and our estimates of the loss contingency recorded as a liability or as a reserve against assets in our financial statements. For a description of our current legal proceedings, see Note 13 – Commitments, Contingencies and Subsequent Events to the consolidated financial statements.

Any potential future acquisitions, strategic investments, divestitures, mergers or joint ventures may subject us to significant risks, any of which could harm our business.

Our long-term strategy may include identifying and acquiring, investing in or merging with suitable candidates on acceptable terms, or divesting of certain business lines or activities. In particular, over time, we may acquire, make investments in, or merge with providers of product offerings that complement our business or may terminate such activities. Mergers, acquisitions, and divestitures include a number of risks and present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including but not limited to:

●	diversion of management attention from running our existing business;

●	possible material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting;

●	increased expenses including legal, administrative and compensation expenses related to newly hired or terminated employees;

●	increased costs to integrate the technology, personnel, customer base and business practices of the acquired company with us;

●	potential exposure to material liabilities not discovered in the due diligence process;

●	potential adverse effects on reported operating results due to possible write-down of goodwill and other intangible assets associated with acquisitions; and

●	unavailability of acquisition financing or unavailability of such financing on reasonable terms.

Any acquired business, technology, service or product could significantly under-perform relative to our expectations, and may not achieve the benefits we expect from possible acquisitions. For all these reasons, our pursuit of an acquisition, investment, divestiture, merger, or joint venture could cause its actual results to differ materially from those anticipated.

Weakened global economic conditions may adversely affect our industry, business, operating results and financial condition.

Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic and geopolitical conditions. The United States and other key international economies have experienced cyclical downturns from time to time in which economic activity was impacted by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy. These economic conditions can arise suddenly and the full impact of such conditions can remain uncertain at any point in time. In addition, geopolitical developments, such as potential trade wars, can increase levels of political and economic unpredictability globally and increase the volatility of global financial markets. Moreover, these conditions can affect the rate of information technology spending and could adversely affect our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase our solutions and services, delay prospective customers’ purchasing decisions, reduce the value or duration of their subscription contracts, or affect attrition rates, all of which could adversely affect our future sales and operating results.

Climate change may have a long-term impact on our business.

While we seek to mitigate our business risks associated with climate change by establishing robust environmental programs, we recognize that there are inherent climate related risks wherever business is conducted. Access to clean water and reliable energy in the communities where we conduct our business, whether for our offices, vendors, customers or other stakeholders, is a priority. Any of our primary locations may be vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Climate related events, including the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and their impact on U.S. critical infrastructure, have the potential to disrupt our business, our third party suppliers, or the operations and/or business of our customers, and may cause us to experience higher attrition, losses and additional costs to maintain or resume operations.

Any failure in our delivery of high-quality technical support services may adversely affect our relationships with our customers and our financial results.

Our customers depend on our support organization to resolve technical issues relating to our solutions and offerings. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in customer demand for support services. Increased customer demand for these services, without corresponding revenues, could increase costs and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, our sales process is highly dependent on our solutions and business reputation and on positive recommendations from our existing customers. Any failure to maintain high-quality technical support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell our offerings to existing and prospective customers, and our business, operating results and financial position.

We may lose key members of our management team, development and operations personnel, or subject matter experts, and may be unable to attract and retain employees we need to support our operations and growth.

Our success depends substantially upon the continued services of our executive officers and other key members of management, particularly our chief executive officer. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives. Such changes in our executive management team may be disruptive to our business. We are also substantially dependent on the continued service of our existing development and operations personnel and subject matter experts because of the complexity of our services and technologies. The loss of one or more of our key employees or groups could seriously harm our business.

The technology industry is subject to substantial and continuous competition for engineers and other subject matter experts with high levels of experience in designing, developing and managing software, cybersecurity, and Internet-related services, as well as competition for sales executives, data scientists and operations personnel. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring, developing, integrating and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. These difficulties may be amplified by evolving restrictions on immigration, travel, or availability of visas for skilled technology workers. These difficulties may potentially be further amplified by the high cost of living in Washington D.C. metropolitan area, where our headquarters are located. If we fail to attract new personnel or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, our business and future growth prospects could be severely harmed.

If our customers do not renew their subscriptions or contracts for our solutions and services, our revenue could decline and our business may suffer.

Our customers have no obligation to renew or extend their subscriptions or contracts for our solutions or services after the expiration of the contractual period, which vary in length, and in the normal course of business, some customers have elected not to renew or extend.  It is difficult to predict attrition rates given the varying needs of our customer base. Our attrition rates may increase or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including customer dissatisfaction with our services, customers’ spending levels, mix of customer base, decreases in the number of users at our customers, competition, pricing increases or changes and deteriorating general economic conditions or budgetary constraints.

Our future success also depends in part on our ability to sell additional features and services, more subscriptions or enhanced editions of our services to our current customers. This may also require increasingly sophisticated and costly sales efforts that are targeted at senior leaders. Similarly, the rate at which our customers purchase new or enhanced services depends on a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control.

If customers do not renew or extend their subscriptions or contracts, do not purchase additional features or enhanced solutions, or if attrition rates increase, our business could be harmed.

If our security measures or those of our third-party data center hosting facilities, cloud computing platform providers or third-party service partners, or the underlying infrastructure of the internet are breached, and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data, our data or our IT systems, or authorized access is blocked or disabled, our services may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our services, and we may incur significant reputational harm, legal exposure and liabilities, or a negative financial impact.

Our services sometimes involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ and our customers' customers' proprietary and other sensitive data, including financial information and personally identifiable information. While we have security measures in place to protect our customers and our customers’ customers' data, our services and underlying infrastructure may in the future be materially breached or compromised as a result of the following:

●	third party attempts to fraudulently induce employees or customers into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information to gain access to our customers’ data, our data or our IT systems;

●	efforts by individuals or groups of hackers and sophisticated organizations, including state-sponsored organizations or nation-states;

●	cyber-attacks on our internally built infrastructure;

●	vulnerabilities resulting from enhancements and updates to our existing solutions;

●	vulnerabilities in the products or components across the broad ecosystem that our services operate in or are dependent on;

●	vulnerabilities existing within newly acquired or integrated technologies and infrastructures;

●	attacks on, or vulnerabilities in, the many different underlying networks and services that power the internet that our products depend on, most of which are not under our control or the control of our vendors, partners, or customers; and

●	employee or contractor errors or intentional acts that compromise our security systems.

These risks are mitigated, to the extent possible, by our ability to maintain and improve business and data governance policies, enhanced processes and internal security controls, including our ability to escalate and respond to known and potential risks. Although we have developed systems and processes designed to protect our customers’ and our customers’ customers’ sensitive data, as well as our data, we can provide no assurances that such measures will provide absolute security. In the normal course of business, we are the target of malicious cyber-attack attempts. To date, any such attempts have not been material or significant to us, including to our reputation or business operations, or had a material financial impact, but there can be no assurance that future cyberattacks will not be material or significant.

A security breach or incident could result in unauthorized parties obtaining access to, or the denial of authorized access to, our IT systems or data, or our customers' systems or data, including intellectual property, proprietary, sensitive, or other confidential information. A security breach could also result in a loss of confidence in the security of our services, damage our reputation, negatively impact our future sales, disrupt our business and lead to increases in insurance premiums and legal and financial exposure and liability. Finally, the detection, prevention and remediation of known or potential security vulnerabilities, including those arising from third-party hardware or software, may result in additional financial burdens due to additional direct and indirect costs, such as additional infrastructure capacity spending to mitigate any system degradation.

Our ability to deliver our services is dependent on the development and maintenance of the infrastructure of the Internet by third parties.

The Internet’s infrastructure is comprised of many different networks and services that are highly fragmented and distributed by design. This infrastructure is run by a series of independent third-party organizations that work together to provide the infrastructure and supporting services of the Internet under the governance of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Numbers and Names (ICANN) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), now under the stewardship of ICANN.

The Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damages to portions of its infrastructure, denial-of-service attacks or related cyber incidents, and it could face outages and delays in the future. These outages and delays could reduce the level of Internet usage or result in fragmentation of the Internet, resulting in multiple separate Internets. These scenarios are not under our control and could reduce the availability of the Internet to us or our customers for delivery of our Internet-related services. Any resulting interruptions in our services or the ability of our customers to access our services could result in a loss of potential or existing customers and harm our business.

Sales to customers outside the United States expose us to risks inherent in international operations.

We sell our services outside the United States and are subject to risks and challenges associated with international business. We intend to continue to expand our international sales efforts. The risks and challenges associated with sales to customers outside the United States or those that can affect international operations generally, include:

●	localization of our services, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

●	regulatory frameworks or business practices favoring local competitors;

●	pressure on the creditworthiness of sovereign nations;

●	evolving domestic and international tax environments;

●	liquidity issues or political actions by sovereign nations, including nations with a controlled currency environment, which could result in decreased values of these balances or potential difficulties protecting our foreign assets or satisfying local obligations;

●	foreign currency fluctuations and controls, which may make our services more expensive for international customers and could add volatility to our operating results;

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compliance with multiple, conflicting, ambiguous or evolving governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy, anti-corruption, import/export, antitrust, data transfer, storage and protection, and industry-specific laws and regulations, including rules related to compliance by our third-party resellers and our ability to identify and respond timely to compliance issues when they occur;

●	vetting and monitoring our third-party resellers in new and evolving markets to confirm they maintain standards consistent with our brand and reputation;

●	uncertainty regarding regulation, currency, tax, and operations resulting from the Brexit vote that could disrupt trade, the sale of our services and commerce, and movement of our people between the United Kingdom, European Union, and locations;

●	changes in the public perception of governments in the regions where we operate or plan to operate;

●	regional data privacy laws and other regulatory requirements;

●	treatment of revenue from international sources, intellectual property considerations and changes to tax codes, including being subject to foreign tax laws and being liable for paying withholding income or other taxes in foreign jurisdictions;

●	different pricing environments;

●	difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

●	different or lesser protection of our intellectual property;

●	longer accounts receivable payment cycles and other collection difficulties;

●	natural disasters, acts of war, terrorism, pandemics or security breaches; and

●	regional economic and political conditions.

Any of these factors could negatively impact our business and results of operations. The above factors may also negatively impact our ability to successfully expand into emerging market countries, where we have little or no operating experience, where it can be costly and challenging to establish and maintain operations, including hiring and managing required personnel, and difficult to promote our brand, and where we may not benefit from any first-to-market advantage or otherwise succeed.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could impair our ability to compete in international markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.

Some of our solutions are subject to export and import controls, including the Commerce Department’s Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations and various economic and trade sanctions regulations established by the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. If we fail to comply with these U.S. export control laws and import laws we and certain of our employees could be subject to substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export or import privileges; fines, which may be imposed on us and responsible employees or managers; and, in extreme cases, the incarceration of responsible employees or managers. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities. Furthermore, the U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions laws prohibit the shipment of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments and persons. Even though we take precautions to prevent our solutions from being provisioned or provided to U.S. sanctions targets in violation of applicable regulations, our solutions could be provisioned to those targets despite such precautions. Any such sales could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. Changes in our solutions or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction, sale and deployment of our solutions in international markets or prevent the export or import of our solutions to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any decreased use of our solutions or limitation on our ability to export or sell our solutions may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

We lease approximately 191,700 square feet of space for our corporate headquarters, integration facility, and primary service depot in Ashburn, Virginia. The lease expires in May 2029.

We sublease 27,000 square feet of space at the Ashburn, Virginia facility to our affiliate, Telos ID, which space serves as Telos ID’s corporate headquarters. This sublease will expire on December 31, 2020.

We lease additional office space in facilities located in Maryland, New Jersey and Nevada under various leases expiring through January 2024.

We believe that the current space is substantially adequate to meet our operating requirements.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Information regarding legal proceedings may be found in Note 13 – Commitments, Contingencies and Subsequent Events to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

       No public market exists for our Class A or Class B Common Stock. As of March 4, 2020, there were 242 record holders of our Class A Common Stock and 10 record holders of our Class B Common Stock. We have not paid dividends on either class of our Common Stock during the last two fiscal years. For a discussion of restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, see Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources and Note 6 – Current Liabilities and Debt Obligations to the consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2019, there were 45,143,460 and 4,037,628 issued and outstanding shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock, respectively.

Our 12% Cumulative Exchangeable Redeemable Preferred Stock (“Public Preferred Stock”) trades over the OTC Bulletin Board and the OTCQB marketplace under the symbol “TLSRP”. The total number of shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 was 3,185,586. See Note 7 – Redeemable Preferred Stock to the consolidated financial statements.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following should be read in connection with the accompanying information presented in Item 7 and Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

OPERATING RESULTS

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

The solutions we offer secure cyberspace, the cloud environment, and the people and operations of the enterprise. These three facets of the modern organization share much in common, but also require a diverse range of skills, capabilities, and experience to meet the important requirements of security-conscious customers. Telos’ decades-long resume of providing a broad spectrum of technology and security solutions uniquely qualifies us to meet our customers’ needs in these three areas. Our experience in addressing challenges in one operation of the enterprise informs our work in meeting requirements in others.  We understand that a range of complementary capabilities may be needed to solve a single challenge, and we also recognize when a single solution might address multiple challenges.

Our substantive expertise in developing, orchestrating, and delivering solutions across these areas gives us the vision and the confidence to provide solutions that empower and protect the enterprise at an integrated, holistic level.

Our capabilities include:

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Cybersecurity – Today’s enterprises need to understand and manage their cyber risk and reduce their cyber attack surfaces.  Telos helps our customers assure the ongoing security, integrity, and compliance of their on-premises and cloud-based systems and to reduce threats and vulnerabilities to foil cyber adversaries before they can attack.  Our consultants assess our customers’ security environments and design, engineer, and operate the systems they need to strengthen their cybersecurity posture.

●

Cloud Security – The cloud as an organizational resource is more than two decades old, yet the needs of cloud users are constantly changing. Telos offers the specialized skills and experience needed to help our customers plan, engineer, and execute secure cloud migration strategies and then assure ongoing management and security in keeping with the leading standards for cloud-based systems and workloads.

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Enterprise Security – Securing the enterprise means protecting the essential and timeless elements common to every organization: Its people and processes, its supply chain and inventories, its finances and facilities, its information and communications. As ICT and OT systems have become part of the organizational DNA, Telos has led with offerings that ensure personnel can work securely and productively across and beyond the enterprise.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, allowance for inventory obsolescence, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, income taxes, contingencies and litigation, potential impairments of goodwill and intangible assets, estimated pension-related costs for our foreign subsidiaries and accretion of Public Preferred Stock.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

        The following is a summary of the most critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The unit of account in ASC 606 is a performance obligation which is a promise in a contract with a customer, to transfer a good or service to the customer. ASC 606 prescribes a five-step model for recognizing revenue that includes identifying the contract with the customer, determining the performance obligation(s), determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligation(s), and recognizing revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. Timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations varies across our businesses due to our diverse product and service mix, customer base, and contractual terms. Significant judgment can be required in determining certain performance obligations, and these determinations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period.  Our contracts may have a single performance obligation or multiple performance obligations. When there are multiple performance obligations within a contract, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on our best estimate of standalone selling price.

We account for a contract after it has been approved by the parties to the contract, the rights and the payment terms of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability is probable, which is presumed for our U.S. Government customers and prime contractors for which we perform as subcontractors to U.S. Government end-customers.

The majority of our revenue is recognized over time, as control is transferred continuously to our customers who receive and consume benefits as we perform, and is classified as services revenue.  All of our business groups earn services revenue under a variety of contract types, including time and materials, firm-fixed price, firm fixed price level of effort, and cost plus fixed fee contract types, which may include variable consideration as discussed further below. Revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, subcontractor costs and indirect expenses. This continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in our contracts with U.S. Government customers whereby the customer may terminate a contract for convenience and then pay for costs incurred plus a profit, at which time the customer would take control of any work in process. For non-U.S. Government contracts where we perform as a subcontractor and our order includes similar Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) provisions as the prime contractor’s order from the U.S. Government, continuous transfer of control is likewise supported by such provisions. For other non-U.S. Government customers, continuous transfer of control to such customers is also supported due to general terms in our contracts and rights to recover damages which would include, among other potential damages, the right to payment for our work performed to date plus a reasonable profit.

Due to the transfer of control over time, revenue is recognized based on progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the performance obligations. We generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress on a proportional performance basis for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on certain of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment.  Contract estimates are based on various assumptions including labor and subcontractor costs, materials and other direct costs and the complexity of the work to be performed. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts. We review and update our contract-related estimates regularly and recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts on a cumulative catch-up basis, which may result in an adjustment increasing or decreasing revenue to date on a contract in a particular period that the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate.

Revenue that is recognized at a point in time is for the sale of software licenses in our Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions (formerly CO&D’s Secure Mobility Solutions) and Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions (formerly IT & Enterprise Solutions) business groups and for the sale of resold products in Telos ID Enterprise Solutions (formerly Identity Management Solutions) and Cyber & Cloud Solutions (formerly CO&D’s Cyber Security Solutions), and is classified as product revenue.  Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer obtains control of the transferred product or service, which is generally upon delivery of the product to the customer for their use, due to us maintaining control of the product until that point. Orders for the sale of software licenses may contain multiple performance obligations, such as maintenance, training, or consulting services, which are typically delivered over time, consistent with the transfer of control disclosed above for the provision of services. When an order contains multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations using our best estimate of standalone selling price.

Contracts are routinely and often modified to account for changes in contract requirements, specifications, quantities, or price.  Depending on the nature of the modification, we determine whether to account for the modification as an adjustment to the existing contract or as a new contract.  Generally, modifications are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant interrelatedness of the performance obligations and are therefore accounted for as an adjustment to the existing contract, and recognized as a cumulative adjustment to revenue (as either an increase or reduction of revenue) based on the modification’s effect on progress toward completion of a performance obligation.

Our contracts may include various types of variable consideration, such as claims (for instance, indirect rate or other equitable adjustments) or incentive fees. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price based on all of the information available to us, including historical information and future estimations, and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when any uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.  We have revised and re-submitted several years of incurred cost submissions reflecting certain indirect rate structure changes as a result of regular Defense Contract Audit Agency (“DCAA”) audits of incurred cost submissions.  This resulted in signed final rate agreement letters for fiscal years 2011 to 2013 and conformed incurred cost submissions for 2014 to 2015. We evaluated the resulting changes to revenue under the applicable cost plus fixed fee contracts for the years 2011 to 2015 as variable consideration, and determined the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled, to the extent that no constraint exists that would preclude recognizing this revenue or result in a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized. We included these estimated amounts of variable consideration in the transaction price and as performance on these contracts is complete, we have recognized revenue of $6.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Historically, most of our contracts do not include award or incentive fees. For incentive fees, we would include such fees in the transaction price to the extent we could reasonably estimate the amount of the fee.  With limited historical experience, we have not included any revenue related to incentive fees in our estimated transaction prices.  We may include in our contract estimates additional revenue for submitted contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. We consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim (in particular FAR provisions), the facts and circumstances around any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support such claims.

For our contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, we use the practical expedient applicable to such contracts and do not consider the time value of money. We capitalize sales commissions related to proprietary software and related services that are directly tied to sales. We do not elect the practical expedient to expense as incurred the incremental costs of obtaining a contract if the amortization period would have been one year or less. For the sales commissions that are capitalized, we amortize the asset over the expected customer life, which is based on recent and historical data.

Contract assets are amounts that are invoiced as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, revenue recognition occurs before billing, resulting in contract assets. These contract assets are referred to as unbilled receivables and are reported within accounts receivable, net of reserve on our consolidated balance sheets.

Billed receivables are amounts billed and due from our customers and are reported within accounts receivable, net of reserve on the consolidated balance sheets. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component due to the intent of the retainage being the customer’s protection with respect to full and final performance under the contract.

Contract liabilities are payments received in advance and milestone payments from our customers on selected contracts that exceed revenue earned to date, resulting in contract liabilities. Contract liabilities typically are not considered a significant financing component because they are generally satisfied within one year and are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract. Contract liabilities are reported on our consolidated balance sheet on a net contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

We have one reportable segment. We treat sales to U.S. customers as sales within the U.S. regardless of where the services are performed. Substantially all of our revenues are from U.S. customers as revenue derived from international customers is de minimus. The following tables disclose revenue (in thousands) by customer type and contract type for the periods presented.  Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.

The following table discloses accounts receivable and contract assets (in thousands):

The following table discloses contract liabilities (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $112.4 million and $79.3 million of remaining performance obligations, respectively, which we also refer to as funded backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 98.4% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue in 2020, an additional 1.1% by 2021 and the balance thereafter. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount of revenue recognized during the year that was included in the opening contract liabilities balance was $4.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, where cost is determined primarily on the weighted average cost method. Inventories consist primarily of purchased off-the-shelf hardware and software, and component computer parts used in connection with system integration services that we perform. Inventories also include spare parts utilized to support certain maintenance contracts. Spare parts inventory is amortized on a straight-line basis over two to five years, which represents the shorter of the warranty period or estimated useful life of the asset. An allowance for obsolete, slow-moving or non-salable inventory is provided for all other inventory. This allowance is based on our overall obsolescence experience and our assessment of future inventory requirements.

Goodwill

We evaluate the impairment of goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other,” which requires goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets to be assessed on at least an annual basis for impairment using a fair value basis. Between annual evaluations, if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount, then impairment must be evaluated. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, or (2) a loss of key contracts or customers.

As the result of an acquisition, we record any excess purchase price over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired as goodwill. An allocation of the purchase price to tangible and intangible net assets acquired is based upon our valuation of the acquired assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. We complete our goodwill impairment tests as of December 31st each year. Additionally, we make evaluations between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The evaluation is based on the estimation of the fair values of our three reporting units, Cyber Operations and Defense (“CO&D”), Telos ID Enterprise Solutions, and Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions, of which goodwill is housed in the CO&D reporting unit, in comparison to the reporting unit’s net asset carrying values. Our discounted cash flows required management’s judgment with respect to forecasted revenue streams and operating margins, capital expenditures and the selection and use of an appropriate discount rate. We utilized the weighted average cost of capital as derived by certain assumptions specific to our facts and circumstances as the discount rate. The net assets attributable to the reporting units are determined based upon the estimated assets and liabilities attributable to the reporting units in deriving its free cash flows. In addition, the estimate of the total fair value of our reporting units is compared to the market capitalization of the Company. The Company’s assessment resulted in a fair value that was greater than the Company’s carrying value, therefore the second step of the impairment test, as prescribed by the authoritative literature, was not required to be performed and no impairment of goodwill was recorded as of December 31, 2019. Subsequent reviews may result in future periodic impairments that could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations in the period recognized. Recent operating results have reduced the projection of future cash flow growth potential, which indicates that certain negative potential events, such as a material loss or losses on contracts, or failure to achieve projected growth could result in impairment in the future. We estimate the fair value of our reporting unit and compare the valuation with the respective carrying value for the reporting unit to determine whether any goodwill impairment exists. If we determine through the impairment review process that goodwill is impaired, we will record an impairment charge in our consolidated statements of operations. Goodwill is amortized and deducted over a 15-year period for tax purposes.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences and income tax credits. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates that are applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized for differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Any change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in net income in the period in which the tax rate change is enacted. We record a valuation allowance that reduces deferred tax assets when it is "more likely than not" that deferred tax assets will not be realized. We are required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based on available evidence, realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. We considered projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and reversal of taxable temporary differences in making this assessment. As such, we have determined that a full valuation allowance is required as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. As a result of a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, a deferred tax liability related to goodwill remained on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 and 2018.  Due to the tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, net operating losses generated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 will have an indefinite carryforward period, which will be available to offset future taxable income created by the reversal of temporary taxable differences related to goodwill. As a result, we have adjusted the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018. See additional information on tax reform and its impact on our income taxes in Note 9 – Income Taxes.

Results of Operations

We derive a substantial portion of our revenues from contracts and subcontracts with the U.S. Government. Our revenues are generated from a number of contract vehicles and task orders. Over the past several years we have sought to diversify and improve our operating margins through an evolution of our business from an emphasis on product reselling to that of an advanced solutions technologies provider. To that end, although we continue to offer resold products through our contract vehicles, we have focused on selling solutions and outsourcing product sales, as well as designing and delivering Telos manufactured and branded technologies.  We believe our contract portfolio is characterized as having low to moderate financial risk due to the limited number of long-term fixed price development contracts. Our firm fixed-price activities consist principally of contracts for the products and services at established contract prices. Our time-and-material contracts generally allow the pass-through of allowable costs plus a profit margin.  For 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company’s revenue derived from firm fixed-price contracts was 82.7%, 74.9%, and 83.1%, respectively, cost-plus contracts was 8.2%, 12.9%, and 7.4%, respectively, and time-and-material contracts was 9.1%, 12.2%, and 9.5%, respectively.

We provide different solutions and are party to contracts of varying revenue types under the NETCENTS (Network-Centric Solutions) and NETCENTS-2 contracts to the U.S. Air Force. NETCENTS and NETCENTS-2 are IDIQ and GWAC, therefore any government customer may utilize the NETCENTS and NETCENTS-2 vehicles to meet its purchasing needs. Consequently, revenue earned on the underlying NETCENTS and NETCENTS-2 delivery orders varies from period to period according to the customer and solution mix for the products and services delivered during a particular period, unlike a standalone contract with one separately identified customer. The contracts themselves do not fund any orders and they state that the contracts are for an indefinite delivery and indefinite quantity. The majority of our task/delivery orders have periods of performance of less than 12 months, which contributes to the variances between interim and annual reporting periods. The period of performance for the original NETCENTS contract ended on September 30, 2013. Previously awarded task orders that contain periods of performance that extended past September 30, 2013, including exercisable option years under existing task orders, were not affected by the contract expiration. We were selected for an award on the NETCENTS replacement contract, NETCENTS-2 Network Operations and Infrastructure Solutions Small Business Companion, on March 27, 2014, and upon re-evaluation by the customer, we were again selected for an award on April 3, 2015 and the contract was opened for issuance of new orders in May 2015. We have also been awarded other IDIQ/GWACs, including the Department of Homeland Security’s EAGLE II, GSA Alliant 2, and blanket purchase agreements under our GSA schedule. However, we have not been awarded significant delivery orders under EAGLE II, or GSA Alliant 2 as it was not ready for agencies to use until July 1, 2018.

U.S. Government appropriations have been and continue to be affected by larger U.S. Government budgetary issues and related legislation. In 2011, Congress enacted the Budget Control Act of 2011 (the “BCA”), which established specific limits on annual appropriations for fiscal years 2012-2021. The BCA has been amended a number of times, most recently by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (the “BBA”), which was enacted on August 2, 2019. As a result, DoD funding levels have fluctuated over this period and have been difficult to predict. Most recently, while the two-year BBA allowed for modestly increased defense spending in FY 2020, unless and until it is again modified, the BBA also essentially will maintain defense spending in FY 2021 with only a minor increase (less than one percent) permitted above the current FY 2020 appropriated funding level.

According to the Office of Management and Budget, federal outlays devoted to defense programs have fallen from 4.5 percent to 3.2 percent as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since enactment of the BCA. Moreover, as a result of the spending caps imposed by the BCA, annual DoD budget authority in FY 2020 is only 3.7 percent higher (in unadjusted dollars) than it was a decade ago in FY 2010.

Since final enactment in December 2019 of appropriations legislation for FY 2020, and the February 10, 2020 submission of the President’s proposed FY 2021 budget, the Coronavirus pandemic and associated economic dislocation in the United States has resulted in the need for an overwhelming federal response. This has led to the enactment of several comprehensive appropriations and economic stimulus measures, as well as negotiations between Congress and the White House for additional massive initiatives for the current year and into the next fiscal year, the details of which are not yet finalized.  These substantial alterations to FY 2020 spending baselines are also likely to further impact FY 2021 spending in ways that cannot now be predicted.  The impact of the health and economic crisis, and the resulting large increase in federal spending, on the government contracts that we hold and the federal procurements that we would otherwise compete for cannot now be known.

In addition to the ongoing need to respond to the crisis in the current fiscal year, Congress and the President must agree on FY 2021 appropriations legislation prior to October 1, 2020; failing to do so by then would likely mean DoD and other departments will again be funded for an unknown period of time under another Continuing Resolution, which would again restrict new spending initiatives.  This is consistent with the practice for a number of years where the U.S. Government has been unable to complete its appropriations process prior to the beginning of the next fiscal year, resulting in actual or threatened governmental shut-downs and repeated use for extended time periods each year of Continuing Resolutions to fund part of all of the government.  The impact of the substantial additional spending on the Coronavirus pandemic on the appropriations for FY 2021, and the appropriations process itself, is not now known.

The current health and economic crisis is highly fluid, and it is likely to continue to affect multiple federal departments and agencies for an unknown period of time and in ways that are difficult to predict. Nonetheless, we believe that the federal government will very likely endeavor to maintain continuity of services and, with much of the business of government now being conducted through use of information technology systems and in many cases during the crisis remotely, we believe there will still be a need on the part of the government for the types of solutions and services provided by Telos.

We anticipate there will continue to be a significant amount of debate and negotiations within the U.S. Government over federal and defense spending, and these deliberations may be impacted by the health and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in ways that are at this time difficult to foresee. In the context of these negotiations, it is possible that the U.S. Government, or portions of the U.S. Government, could be shut down or disrupted for periods of time, and that government programs could be modified, cut or replaced as part of broader reforms to reduce the federal deficit or efforts to redirect federal spending, whether related or unrelated to the COVID-19 crisis. For more information on the risks and uncertainties related to U.S. Government contracts, see Part I – Item 1A Risk Factors in this Annual Report on the Form 10-K.

Statement of Operations Data

The following table sets forth certain consolidated financial data and related percentages for the periods indicated:

Years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017

Revenue.  Revenue increased by 15.4% to $159.2 million for 2019 from $138.0 million for 2018.  Such increase primarily consists of an increase in sales from the U.S. Air Force NETCENTS-2 contract. As discussed above, NETCENTS-2 is an IDIQ contract utilized by multiple government customers and sales under NETCENTS-2 vary from period to period according to the solution mix and timing of deliverables for a particular period. Services revenue increased by 18.7% to $143.6 million for 2019 from $121.0 million for 2018, primarily attributable to increases in sales of $10.8 million of Telos ID Enterprise Solutions, $9.2 million of Cyber & Cloud Solutions, $5.9 million of Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions, offset by a decrease in sales of $3.4 million of Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions. The change in product and services revenue varies from period to period depending on the mix of solutions sold and the nature of such solutions, as well as the timing of deliverables. Product revenue decreased by 8.2% to $15.6 million for 2019 from $17.0 million for 2018, primarily attributable to decreases in sales of $0.9 million of Cyber & Cloud Solutions in proprietary software, and $0.8 million of Telos ID Enterprise Solutions, offset by an increase in sales of  $0.4 million of proprietary software in Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions.

Revenue increased by 28.1% to $138.0 million for 2018 from $107.7 million for 2017.  Such increase primarily consists of an increase in sales from the U.S. Air Force NETCENTS-2 contract. Services revenue increased by 48.3% to $121.0 million for 2018 from $81.6 million for 2017, primarily attributable to increases in sales of $22.7 million of Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions under several NETCENTS delivery orders for Telos-installed solutions which included $6.0 million of revenue accruals for multiple contracts as a result of several years of cumulative indirect rate adjustments, $10.6 million of Telos ID Enterprise solutions, $5.7 million of Cyber & Cloud Solutions, and $0.4 million of Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions. Product revenue decreased by 34.8% to $17.0 million for 2018 from $26.1 million for 2017, primarily attributable to decreases in sales of $9.2 million of Telos ID Enterprise solutions, $2.0 million of resold products in Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions, and $1.0 million of proprietary software in Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions, offset by an increase in sales of $3.1 million of Cyber & Cloud Solutions in proprietary software.

Cost of sales.  Cost of sales increased by 25.8% to $106.9 million for 2019 from $85.0 million for 2018 as a result of increases in revenue. Cost of sales for services increased by $21.9 million, and as a percentage of services revenue increased by 5.3%, due to a change in the mix and nature of the programs including increases in sales of certain Telos-installed solutions in Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions under NETCENTS-2. Cost of sales for product increased by 0.1%, and as a percentage of product revenue increased by 4.3%, primarily due to declines in proprietary software sales.

Cost of sales increased by 26.5% to $85.0 million for 2018 from $67.2 million for 2017 as a result of increases in revenue. Cost of sales for services increased by $26.9 million, and as a percentage of services revenue increased by 2.3%, due to a change in the mix and nature of the programs including an increase in sales of certain Telos-installed solutions in Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions under NETCENTS-2 and due to other contracts in Cyber & Cloud Solutions, offset by the revenue accruals related to indirect rate adjustments discussed above which did not include direct costs in Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions deliverables. Cost of sales for product decreased by $9.1 million, primarily due to decreases in product revenue for resold products, and as a percentage of product revenue decreased by 18.3%, primarily due to declines in resold products, as well as increases in proprietary software sales.

Gross profit.  Gross profit decreased by 1.4% to $52.3 million for 2019 from $53.1 million for 2018. Gross margin decreased to 32.9% for 2019 from 38.4% for 2018, due to various changes in the mix of contracts in all business lines, primarily decreases in proprietary software sales.

Gross profit increased by 30.8% to $53.1 million for 2018 from $40.6 million for 2017. Gross margin increased to 38.4% for 2018 from 37.7% for 2017, due to various changes in the mix of contracts in all business lines, primarily increases in sales of Cyber & Cloud Security solutions in proprietary software, as well as the revenue accruals related to indirect rate adjustments discussed above.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses.  Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by 7.4% to $47.3 million for 2019 from $44.0 million for 2018. Such increase is primarily attributable to increases in labor costs of $1.9 million, bonuses of $0.5 million, bad debt expenses of $0.5 million, and outside services of $0.4 million.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased by 9.7% to $44.0 million for 2018 from $40.2 million for 2017. Such increase is primarily attributable to increases in labor costs of $1.7 million, bonuses of $1.5 million, and capitalization and related amortization of software development costs of $0.6 million.

Interest expense.  Interest expense increased by 2.9% to $7.5 million for 2019 from $7.3 million for 2018, primarily due to an increase in interest on the EnCap senior term loan, offset by a decrease in interest on an equipment purchase arrangement.

Interest expense increased by 8.5% to $7.3 million for 2018 from $6.7 million for 2017, primarily due to an increase in interest on the EnCap senior term loan and an equipment purchase arrangement.

Components of interest expense are as follows:

Provision for income taxes.  Income tax benefit was $104,000 for 2019, compared to an income tax provision of $31,000 for 2018, primarily attributable to the decrease in deferred tax liability due to the timing of the state conformity to the indefinite-lived net operating loss provision of the Tax Act (as described below). Income tax provision was $31,000 for 2018, compared to an income tax benefit of $2.8 million for 2017, primarily due to the decrease in the hanging credit deferred tax liability offset by the adjustment to the provisional estimate recorded for the hanging credit deferred tax liability under SAB 118.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As described in more detail below, we maintain a Credit Agreement with EnCap and a Purchase Agreement with RCA. The willingness of RCA to purchase our accounts receivable under the Purchase Agreement and our ability to obtain additional financing may be limited due to various factors, including the eligibility of our receivables, the status of our business, global credit market conditions, and perceptions of our business or industry by EnCap, RCA, or other potential sources of financing. If we are unable to maintain the Purchase Agreement, we would need to obtain additional credit to fund our future operations. If credit is available in that event, lenders may impose more restrictive terms and higher interest rates that may reduce our borrowing capacity, increase our costs, or reduce our operating flexibility. The failure to maintain, extend, renew or replace the Purchase Agreement with a comparable arrangement or arrangements that provide similar amounts of liquidity for the Company would have a material negative impact on our overall liquidity, financial and operating results.

While a variety of factors related to sources and uses of cash, such as timeliness of accounts receivable collections, vendor credit terms, or significant collateral requirements, ultimately impact our liquidity, such factors may or may not have a direct impact on our liquidity based on how the transactions associated with such circumstances impact our availability under our credit arrangements. For example, a contractual requirement to post collateral for a duration of several months, depending on the materiality of the amount, could have an immediate negative effect on our liquidity, as such a circumstance would utilize cash resources without a near-term cash inflow back to us. Likewise, the release of such collateral could have a corresponding positive effect on our liquidity, as it would represent an addition to our cash resources without any corresponding near-term cash outflow. Similarly, a slow-down of payments from a customer, group of customers or government payment office would not have an immediate and direct effect on our availability unless the slowdown was material in amount and over an extended period of time. Any of these examples would have an impact on our cash resources, our financing arrangements, and therefore our liquidity.

Management may determine that, in order to reduce capital and liquidity requirements, planned spending on capital projects and indirect expense growth may be curtailed, subject to growth in operating results. Additionally, management may seek to put in place a credit facility with a commercial bank or other potential lenders, although no assurance can be given that such a facility could be put in place under terms acceptable to the Company.

Our working capital was $2.9 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Although no assurances can be given, we expect that our financing arrangements with EnCap and RCA, collectively, and funds generated from operations are sufficient to maintain the liquidity we require to meet our operating, investing and financing needs for the next 12 months.

Cash provided by operating activities of $11.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $6.3 million for 2018, and cash used in operating activities of $0.6 million for 2017. Cash provided by operating activities is primarily driven by our operating income, the timing of receipt of customer payments, the timing of payments to vendors and employees, and the timing of inventory turnover, adjusted for certain non-cash items that do not impact cash flows from operating activities.  Additionally, cash provided by operating activities also includes approximately $3.8 million annually of dividends from preferred stock recorded as interest expense. In 2019, net loss was $2.1 million, which included $5.0 million of depreciation and amortization, $1.8 million of which amortization of capitalized software development costs. In 2018, net income was $1.7 million, which included $3.0 million of depreciation and amortization, $1.1 million of which amortization of capitalized software development costs. In 2017, net loss was $3.5 million, which included $2.0 million of depreciation and amortization and $2.8 million of income tax benefit.

Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $6.5 million, $4.1 million, and $2.2 million, respectively, which, for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, consisted of the capitalization of software development costs of $2.4 million, $1.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and the purchases of property and equipment of $4.1 million, $2.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $1.4 million, compared to cash used in financing activities of $2.7 million for 2018, and cash provided by financing activities $2.8 million for 2017. The financing activities in 2019 consisted of net proceeds of $4.9 million from the EnCap senior term loan, distributions of $2.4 million to the Class B Member of Telos ID, and repayments of $1.1 million under finance leases. The financing activities in 2018 consisted of distributions of $1.7 million to the Class B Member of Telos ID and repayments of $1.0 million under finance leases. The financing activities in 2017 consisted of net proceeds of $9.4 million from the EnCap senior term loan, distributions of $3.7 million to the Class B Member of Telos ID, redemption of $2.1 million of senior preferred stock, and repayments of $0.9 million under finance leases.

Additionally, our capital structure consists of redeemable preferred stock and common stock. The capital structure is complex and requires an understanding of the terms of the instruments, certain restrictions on scheduled payments and redemptions of the various instruments, and the interrelationship of the instruments especially as it relates to the subordination hierarchy. Therefore, a thorough understanding of how our capital structure impacts our liquidity is necessary and, accordingly, we have disclosed the relevant information about each instrument as follows:

Enlightenment Capital Credit Agreement

On January 25, 2017, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Enlightenment Capital Solutions Fund II, L.P., as agent (the "Agent") and the lenders party thereto (the "Lenders") (together referenced as “EnCap”). The Credit Agreement provided for an $11 million senior term loan (the "Loan") with a maturity date of January 25, 2022, subject to acceleration in the event of customary events of default.

All borrowings under the Credit Agreement accrue interest at the rate of 13.0% per annum (the “Accrual Rate”). If, at the request of the Company, the Agent executes an intercreditor agreement with another senior lender under which the Agent and the Lenders subordinate their liens (an "Alternative Interest Rate Event"), the interest rate will increase to 14.5% per annum. After the occurrence and during the continuance of any event of default, the interest rate will increase 2.0%. The Company is obligated to pay accrued interest in cash on a monthly basis at a rate of not less than 10.0% per annum or, during the continuance of an Alternate Interest Rate Event, 11.5% per annum. The Company may elect to pay the remaining interest in cash, by payment-in-kind (by addition to the principal amount of the Loan) or by combination of cash and payment-in-kind. Upon thirty days prior written notice, the Company may prepay any portion or the entire amount of the Loan.

An amount of approximately $1.1 million was netted from the proceeds of the Loan as a prepayment of all interest due and payable at the Accrual Rate during the period from January 25, 2017 to October 31, 2017. A separate fee letter executed by the Company and the Agent, dated January 25, 2017, sets forth the fees payable to the Agent in connection with the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement contains representations, warranties, covenants, terms and conditions customary for transactions of this type. In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Agent has been granted, for the benefit of the Lenders, a security interest in and general lien upon various property of the Company, subject to certain permitted liens and any intercreditor agreement. The occurrence of an event of default under the Credit Agreement could result in the Loan and other obligations becoming immediately due and payable and allow the Lenders to exercise all rights and remedies available to them under the Credit Agreement or as a secured party under the UCC, in addition to all other rights and remedies available to them.

In connection with the Credit Agreement, on January 25, 2017, the Company issued warrants (each, a "Warrant") to the Agent and certain of the Lenders representing in the aggregate the right to purchase in accordance with their terms 1,135,284.333 shares of the Class A Common Stock of the Company, no par value per share, which is equivalent to approximately 2.5% of the common equity interests of the Company on a fully diluted basis. The exercise price is $1.321 per share and each Warrant expires on January 25, 2027. The value of the warrants were determined to be de minimis and no value was allocated to them on a relative fair value basis in accounting for the debt instrument.

The Credit Agreement also included an $825,000 exit fee, which was payable upon any repayment or prepayment of the loan. This amount had been included in the total principal due and treated as an unamortized discount on the debt, which would be amortized over the term of the loan, using the effective interest method at a rate of 15.0%. We incurred fees and transaction costs of approximately $374,000 related to the issuance of the Credit Agreement, which are being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement.

Effective February 23, 2017, the Credit Agreement was amended to change the required timing of certain post-closing items to allow for more time to complete the legal and administrative requirements around such items. On April 18, 2017, the Credit Agreement was further amended (the “Second Amendment”) to incorporate the parties’ agreement to subordinate certain debt owed by the Company to the affiliated entities of Mr. John R. C. Porter (the “Subordinated Debt”) and to redeem all outstanding shares of the Series A-1 Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Series A-2 Redeemable Preferred Stock, including those owned by Mr. John R.C. Porter and his affiliates, for an aggregate redemption price of $2.1 million.

In connection with the Second Amendment and that subordination of debt, on April 18, 2017, we also entered into Subordination and Intercreditor Agreements (the “Intercreditor Agreements”) with affiliated entities of Mr. John R. C. Porter (together referenced as “Porter”), in which Porter agreed that the Subordinated Debt is fully subordinated to the amended Credit Agreement and related documents, and that required payments, if any, under the Subordinated Debt are permitted only if certain conditions are met.

On March 30, 2018, the Credit Agreement was further amended (the “Third Amendment”) to waive certain covenant defaults and to reset the covenants for 2018 measurement periods to more accurately reflect the Company’s projected performance for the year. The measurement against the covenants for consolidated leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio were agreed to not be measured as of December 31, 2017 and were reset for 2018 measurement periods. Additionally, a minimum revenue covenant and a net working capital covenant were added. In consideration of these amendments, the interest rate on the loan was increased by 1%, which will revert back to the original rate upon achievement of two consecutive quarters of a specified fixed charge coverage ratio as defined in the agreement.  The Company may elect to pay the increase in interest expense in cash or by payment-in-kind (by addition to the principal amount of the Loan).   The increase in interest expense has been paid in cash. Contemporaneously with the Third Amendment, Mr. John B. Wood agreed to transfer 50,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock owned by him to EnCap.

On July 19, 2019, we entered into the Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement and Waiver; First Amendment to Fee Letter (“Fourth Amendment”) to amend the Credit Agreement.  As a result of the Fourth Amendment, several terms of the Credit Agreement were amended, including the following:

●	The Company borrowed an additional $5 million from the Lenders, increasing the total amount of the principal to $16 million.

●	The maturity date of the Credit Agreement was amended from January 25, 2022 to January 15, 2021.

●

The prepayment price was amended as follows: (a) from January 26, 2019 through January 25, 2020, the prepayment price is 102% of the principal amount, (b) from January 26, 2020 through October 14, 2020, the prepayment price is 101% of the principal amount, and (c) from October 15, 2020 to the maturity date, the prepayment price will be at par.  However, the prepayment price for the additional $5 million loan attributable to the Fourth Amendment will be at par.

●	The following financial covenants, as defined in the Credit Agreement, were amended and updated: Consolidated Leverage Ratio, Consolidated Senior Leverage Ratio, Consolidated Capital Expenditures, Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, and Minimum Consolidated Net Working Capital.

●	Any actual or potential non-compliance with the applicable provisions of the Credit Agreement were waived.

●	The borrowing under the Credit Agreement continues to be collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets including inventory, equipment and accounts receivable.

●	The Company paid the Agent a fee of $110,000 in connection with the Fourth Amendment. We incurred immaterial third party transaction costs which were expensed in the current period.

●	The exit fee was increased from $825,000 to $1,200,000.

The exit fee has been included in the total principal due and treated as an unamortized discount on the debt, which will be amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method at a rate of 17.3% over the remaining term of the loan.  For the measurement period ended December 31, 2019 we were in compliance with the Credit Agreement’s financial covenants, based on an agreement between the Company and EnCap on the definition of certain input factors that determine the measurement against the covenants.

On March 26, 2020, the Credit Agreement was amended (the “Fifth Amendment”) to modify the financial covenants for 2020 through the maturity of the Credit Agreement to establish that the covenants will remain at the December 31, 2019 levels and to update the previously agreed-upon definition of certain financial covenants, specifically the amount of Capital Expenditures to be included in the measurement of the covenants.  The Fifth Amendment also provides for the right for the Company to elect to extend the maturity date of the Credit Agreement which is currently scheduled to mature on January 15, 2021. The Fifth Amendment provides for four quarterly maturity date extensions, which would increase the Exit Fee payable under the Credit Agreement by $250,000 for each quarterly maturity date extension elected, for a total of $1 million increase to the Exit Fee were all four of the maturity date extensions to be elected.  The Company paid EnCap an amendment fee of $100,000 and out-of-pocket costs and expenses in consideration for the Fifth Amendment.

We incurred interest expense in the amount of $2.2 million, $1.7 million and $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, under the Credit Agreement.

Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement

On July 15, 2016, we entered into an Accounts Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Republic Capital Access, LLC (“RCA” or “Buyer”), pursuant to which we may offer for sale, and RCA, in its sole discretion, may purchase, eligible accounts receivable relating to U.S. Government prime contracts or subcontracts of the Company (collectively, the “Purchased Receivables”). Upon purchase, RCA becomes the absolute owner of any such Purchased Receivables, which are payable directly to RCA, subject to certain repurchase obligations of the Company. The total amount of Purchased Receivables is subject to a maximum limit of $10 million of outstanding Purchased Receivables (the “Maximum Amount”) at any given time. The Purchase Agreement had an initial term expiring on June 30, 2018 and automatically renews for successive 12-month renewal periods unless terminated in writing by either the Company or RCA. On March 2, 2018, the term of the Purchase Agreement was extended to June 30, 2020. On November 15, 2019, the term of the Purchase Agreement was extended to June 30, 2022. No fee or consideration of any kind was paid in connection with these extensions.

The initial purchase price of a Purchased Receivable is equal to 90% of the face value of the receivable if the account debtor is an agency of the U.S. Government, and 85% if the account debtor is not an agency of the U.S. Government; provided, however, that RCA has the right to adjust these initial purchase price rates in its sole discretion. After collection by RCA of the portion of a Purchased Receivable in excess of the initial purchase price, RCA shall pay the Company the residual 10% or 15% of such Purchased Receivable, as appropriate, less (i) a discount factor equal to 0.30%, for federal government prime contracts (or 0.56% for non-federal government investment grade account obligors or 0.62% for non-federal government non-investment grade account obligors) of the face amounts of Purchased Receivables; (ii) a program access fee equal to 0.008% of the daily ending account balance for each day that the Purchased Receivables are outstanding; (iii) a commitment fee equal to 1% per annum of the Maximum Amount minus the amount of Purchased Receivables outstanding; and (iv) fees, costs and expenses relating to the preparation, administration and enforcement of the Purchase Agreement and any other related agreements.

The Purchase Agreement provides that in the event, but only to the extent, that the conveyance of Purchased Receivables by the Company is characterized by a court or other governmental authority as a loan rather than a sale, the Company shall be deemed to have granted RCA, effective as of the date of the first purchase under the Purchase Agreement, a security interest in all of the Company’s right, title and interest in, to and under all of the Purchased Receivables, whether now or hereafter owned, existing or arising.

The Company provides a power of attorney to RCA to take certain actions in the Company’s stead, including (a) to sell, assign or transfer in whole or in part any of the Purchased Receivables; (b) to demand, receive and give releases to any account debtor with respect to amounts due under any Purchased Receivables; (c) to notify all account debtors with respect to the Purchased Receivables; and (d) to take any actions necessary to perfect RCA’s interests in the Purchased Receivables.

The Company is liable to the Buyer for any fraudulent statements and all representations, warranties, covenants, and indemnities made by the Company pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement. It is considered an event of default if (a) the Company fails to pay any amounts it owes to RCA when due (subject to a cure period); (b) the Company has voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceedings commenced by or against it; (c) the Company is no longer solvent or is generally not paying its debts as they become due; (d) any voluntary liens, garnishments, attachments, or the like are issued against or attach to the Purchased Receivables; (e) the Company breaches any warranty, representation, or covenant (subject to a cure period); (f) the Company is not in compliance or has otherwise defaulted under any document or obligation in favor of RCA or an RCA affiliate; or (g) the Purchase Agreement or any material provision terminates (other than in accordance with the terms of the Purchase Agreement) or ceases to be effective or to be a binding obligation of the Company. If any such event of default occurs, then RCA may take certain actions, including ceasing to buy any eligible receivables, declaring any indebtedness or other obligations immediately due and payable, or terminating the Purchase Agreement.

Financing and Security Agreement

On July 15, 2016, we entered into a Financing and Security Agreement (the “Financing Agreement”) with Action Capital Corporation (“Action Capital”), pursuant to which Action Capital agreed to provide the Company with advances of up to 90% of the net amount of certain acceptable customer accounts of the Company that have been assigned as collateral to Action Capital (the “Acceptable Accounts”). The maximum outstanding principal amount of advances under the Financing Agreement was $5 million. The Financing Agreement had a term of two years, provided that the Company may terminate it at any time without penalty upon written notice. On August 13, 2018, the Financing Agreement was extended through January 2, 2019. No fee or consideration of any kind was paid in connection with this extension. The Financing Agreement was not extended beyond this date.

Subordinated Debt

On March 31, 2015, the Company entered into Subordinated Loan Agreements and Subordinated Promissory Notes (“Porter Notes”) with affiliated entities of Mr. John R. C. Porter (together referenced as “Porter”). Mr. Porter and Toxford Corporation, of which Mr. Porter is the sole shareholder, own 35.0% of our Class A Common Stock. Under the terms of the Porter Notes, Porter lent the Company $2.5 million on or about March 31, 2015. Telos also entered into Subordination and Intercreditor Agreements (the “Subordination Agreements”) with Porter and a prior senior lender, in which the Porter Notes were fully subordinated to the financing provided by that senior lender, and payments under the Porter Notes were permitted only if certain conditions are met. According to the original terms of the Porter Notes, the outstanding principal sum bears interest at the fixed rate of twelve percent (12%) per annum which would be payable in arrears in cash on the 20th day of each May, August, November and February, with the first interest payment date due on August 20, 2015. The Porter Notes do not call for amortization payments and are unsecured. The Porter Notes, in whole or in part, may be repaid at any time without premium or penalty. The unpaid principal, together with interest, was originally due and payable in full on July 1, 2017.

On April 18, 2017, we amended and restated the Porter Notes to reduce the interest rate from twelve percent (12%) to six percent (6%) per annum, to be accrued, and extended the maturity date from July 1, 2017 to July 25, 2022. Telos also entered into Intercreditor Agreements with Porter and EnCap, in which the Porter Notes are fully subordinated to the Credit Agreement and any subsequent senior lenders, and payments under the Porter Notes are permitted only if certain conditions are met. All other terms remain in full force and effect. As a result of the amendment and restatement of the Porter Notes, we recorded a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $1 million, which consisted of the remeasurement of the debt at fair value. As the extinguishment was with a related party, the transaction was deemed to be a capital transaction and the gain was recorded in the Company’s stockholders’ deficit as of December 31, 2017. We incurred interest expense in the amount of $330,000, $308,000, and $292,000 for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, on the Porter Notes. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $1.1 million of accrued interest was payable according to the stated interest rate of the Porter Notes.

Public Preferred Stock

A maximum of 6,000,000 shares of the Public Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share, has been authorized for issuance. We initially issued 2,858,723 shares of the Public Preferred Stock pursuant to the acquisition of the Company during fiscal year 1990. The Public Preferred Stock was recorded at fair value on the date of original issue, November 21, 1989, and we made periodic accretions under the interest method of the excess of the redemption value over the recorded value. We adjusted our estimate of accrued accretion in the amount of $1.5 million in the second quarter of 2006.  The Public Preferred Stock was fully accreted as of December 2008.  We declared stock dividends totaling 736,863 shares in 1990 and 1991. Since 1991, no other dividends, in stock or cash, have been declared. In November 1998, we retired 410,000 shares of the Public Preferred Stock. The total number of shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 and 2018, was 3,185,586. The Public Preferred Stock is quoted as “TLSRP” on the OTCQB marketplace and the OTC Bulletin Board.

Since 1991, no dividends were declared or paid on our Public Preferred Stock, based upon our interpretation of restrictions in our Articles of Amendment and Restatement, limitations in the terms of the Public Preferred Stock instrument, specific dividend payment restrictions in various financing agreements to which the Public Preferred Stock is subject, other senior obligations currently or previously in existence, and Maryland law limitations in existence prior to October 1, 2009. Subsequent to the 2009 Maryland law change, dividend payments continue to be prohibited except under certain specific circumstances as set forth in Maryland Code Section 2-311, which the Company did not satisfy as of the measurement dates. Pursuant to the terms of the Articles of Amendment and Restatement, we were scheduled, but not required, to redeem the Public Preferred Stock in five annual tranches during the years 2005 through 2009. However, due to our substantial senior obligations currently or previously in existence, limitations set forth in the covenants in the Credit Agreement and the Porter Notes, foreseeable capital and operational requirements, and restrictions and prohibitions of our Articles of Amendment and Restatement, we were and remain unable to meet the redemption schedule set forth in the terms of the Public Preferred Stock as of the measurement dates. Moreover, the Public Preferred Stock is not payable on demand, nor callable, for failure to redeem the Public Preferred Stock in accordance with the redemption schedule set forth in the instrument. Therefore, we classify these securities as noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

On January 25, 2017, we became parties with certain of our subsidiaries to the Credit Agreement with EnCap. Under the Credit Agreement, we agreed that, until full and final payment of the obligations under the Credit Agreement, we would not make any distribution or declare or pay any dividends (other than common stock) on our stock, or purchase, acquire, or redeem any stock, or exchange any stock for indebtedness, or retire any stock. Additionally, the Porter Notes contain similar prohibitions on dividend payments or stock redemptions.

Accordingly, as stated above, we will continue to classify the entirety of our obligation to redeem the Public Preferred Stock as a long-term obligation. The Credit Agreement and the Porter Notes prohibit, among other things, the redemption of any stock, common or preferred, other than as described above. The Public Preferred Stock by its terms also cannot be redeemed if doing so would violate the terms of an agreement regarding the borrowing of funds or the extension of credit which is binding upon us or any of our subsidiaries, and it does not include any other provisions that would otherwise require any acceleration of the redemption of or amortization of payments with respect to the Public Preferred Stock. Thus, the Public Preferred Stock is not and will not be due on demand, nor callable, within 12 months from December 31, 2019.  This classification is consistent with ASC 210, “Balance Sheet” and 470, “Debt” and the FASB ASC Master Glossary definition of “Current Liabilities.”

ASC 210 and the FASB ASC Master Glossary define current liabilities as follows: The term current liabilities is used principally to designate obligations whose liquidation is reasonably expected to require the use of existing resources properly classifiable as current assets, or the creation of other current liabilities. As a balance sheet category, the classification is intended to include obligations for items which have entered into the operating cycle, such as payables incurred in the acquisition of materials and supplies to be used in the production of goods or in providing services to be offered for sale; collections received in advance of the delivery of goods or performance of services; and debts that arise from operations directly related to the operating cycle, such as accruals for wages, salaries, commissions, rentals, royalties, and income and other taxes. Other liabilities whose regular and ordinary liquidation is expected to occur within a relatively short period of time, usually twelve months, are also intended for inclusion, such as short-term debts arising from the acquisition of capital assets, serial maturities of long-term obligations, amounts required to be expended within one year under sinking fund provisions, and agency obligations arising from the collection or acceptance of cash or other assets for the account of third persons.

ASC 470 provides the following: The current liability classification is also intended to include obligations that, by their terms, are due on demand or will be due on demand within one year (or operating cycle, if longer) from the balance sheet date, even though liquidation may not be expected within that period. It is also intended to include long-term obligations that are or will be callable by the creditor either because the debtor’s violation of a provision of the debt agreement at the balance sheet date makes the obligation callable or because the violation, if not cured within a specified grace period, will make the obligation callable.

If, pursuant to the terms of the Public Preferred Stock, we do not redeem the Public Preferred Stock in accordance with the scheduled redemptions described above, the terms of the Public Preferred Stock require us to discharge our obligation to redeem the Public Preferred Stock as soon as we are financially capable and legally permitted to do so. Therefore, by its very terms, the Public Preferred Stock is not due on demand or callable for failure to make a scheduled payment pursuant to its redemption provisions and is properly classified as a noncurrent liability.

We pay dividends on the Public Preferred Stock when and if declared by the Board of Directors. The Public Preferred Stock accrues a semi-annual dividend at the annual rate of 12% ($1.20) per share, based on the liquidation preference of $10 per share, and is fully cumulative. Dividends in additional shares of the Public Preferred Stock for 1990 and 1991 were paid at the rate of 6% per share for each $.60 of such dividends not paid in cash. For the cash dividends payable since December 1, 1995, we have accrued $107.4 million and $103.5 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We accrued dividends on the Public Preferred Stock of $3.8 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, which was recorded as interest expense. Prior to the effective date of ASC 480 on July 1, 2003, such dividends were charged to stockholders’ accumulated deficit.

Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock was senior to all other outstanding equity of the Company, including the Public Preferred Stock. The Series A-1 ranked on a parity with the Series A-2. The components of the authorized Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock were 1,250 shares of Series A-1 and 1,750 shares of Series A-2 Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock, each with $.01 par value. The Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock carried a cumulative per annum dividend rate of 14.125% of its liquidation value of $1,000 per share. The dividends were payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31 of each year. We had not declared dividends on our Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock since its issuance, other than in connection with the redemptions from 2010 to 2013. The liquidation preference of the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock was the face amount of the Series A-1 and A-2 ($1,000 per share), plus all accrued and unpaid dividends.

Due to the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Porter Notes, other senior obligations currently or previously in existence, the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock and applicable provisions of Maryland law governing the payment of distributions, we had been precluded from redeeming the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock and paying any accrued and unpaid dividends on the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock, other than the redemptions that occurred from 2010 to 2013. In addition, certain holders of the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock had entered into standby agreements whereby, among other things, those holders would not demand any payments in respect of dividends or redemptions of their instruments and the maturity dates of the instruments have been extended.

In accordance with the requirements of the Second Amendment to the EnCap Credit Agreement, we redeemed all outstanding shares of the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock on April 18, 2017 for $2.1 million.

We accrued dividends on the Senior Redeemable Preferred Stock of $0, $0, and $20,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, which were reported as interest expense. Prior to the effective date of ASC 480-10, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” on July 1, 2003, such dividends were charged to stockholders’ deficit.

Contractual Obligations

The following summarizes our contractual obligations and our redeemable preferred stock at December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

(2)   Amount represents the carrying value as of December 31, 2019, plus interest and fee accrual of $3.1 million, is due and payable in full on January 15, 2021.

(3)   Amount represents the carrying value as of December 31, 2019 plus interest accrual of $1.0million, is due and payable in full on July 25, 2022.

(5)   In accordance with ASC 480, the public preferred stock was reclassified from equity to liability in July 2003.  Amount represents the carrying value as of December 31, 2019, and includes accrual of accumulated dividends and accretion of $132.8 million. Payment of such amount presumes conditions precedent being satisfied (See Note 7 – Redeemable Preferred Stock) and as such, redemption date is unknown and accordingly payment is not reflected in a particular period. Amount does not reflect additional dividends and accretion through the redemption date as such date is unknown. Such additional dividends accrue annually in the amount of $3.8 million. Such accretion has been fully accreted as of December 31, 2008.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Item 303, paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K) that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, sales or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures for property and equipment were $4.1 million, $2.5 million, and $0.7 million for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. We presently anticipate capital expenditures of approximately $3.5 million in 2020; however, there can be no assurance that this level of capital expenditures will occur. We believe that available cash and borrowings under the Purchase Agreement will be sufficient to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund our projected capital expenditures for 2020.

Leases and Related Obligations

We have various lease agreements for property and equipment that, pursuant to ASC 840, “Leases,” require us to record the present value of the minimum lease payments for such equipment and property as an asset in our consolidated financial statements. Such assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease or their useful life, whichever is shorter.

We adopted ASU 2016-02 effective January 1, 2019 and recorded right-of-use assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet and expanded disclosures about leasing arrangements, among other items, for most lease arrangements.

Inflation

The rate of inflation has been moderate over the past five years and, accordingly, has not had a significant impact on the Company. We have generally been able to pass through any increased costs to customers through higher prices to the extent permitted by competitive pressures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

None.

Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

TELOS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

TELOS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(amounts in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TELOS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

 (amounts in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TELOS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TELOS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT

(amounts in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

TELOS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business and Organization

Telos Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, (the “Company” or “Telos” or “We”), is an information technology solutions and services company addressing the needs of U.S. Government and commercial customers worldwide. We own all of the issued and outstanding share capital of Xacta Corporation, a subsidiary that develops, markets and sells government-validated secure enterprise solutions to government and commercial customers. We also own all of the issued and outstanding share capital of Ubiquity.com, Inc., a holding company for Xacta Corporation. We also have a 50% ownership interest in Telos Identity Management Solutions, LLC (“Telos ID”) and a 100% ownership interest in Teloworks, Inc. (“Teloworks”) and Telos APAC Pte. Ltd. (“Telos APAC”).

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Telos and its subsidiaries, including Ubiquity.com, Inc., Xacta Corporation, Teloworks, and Telos APAC, all of whose issued and outstanding share capital is owned by the Company. We have also consolidated the results of operations of Telos ID (see Note 2 – Non-controlling Interests). Intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In preparing these consolidated financial statements, we have evaluated subsequent events through the date that these consolidated financial statements were issued.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. We currently operate in one operating and reportable business segment for financial reporting purposes. Our Chief Executive Officer is the CODM. The CODM only evaluates profitability based on consolidated results.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, allowance for inventory obsolescence, the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, income taxes, contingencies and litigation, potential impairments of goodwill and estimated pension-related costs for our foreign subsidiaries.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The unit of account in ASC 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a good or service to the customer. ASC 606 prescribes a five-step model for recognizing revenue that includes identifying the contract with the customer, determining the performance obligation(s), determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligation(s), and recognizing revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied. Timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations varies across our businesses due to our diverse product and service mix, customer base, and contractual terms. Significant judgment can be required in determining certain performance obligations, and these determinations could change the amount of revenue and profit recorded in a given period.  Our contracts may have a single performance obligation or multiple performance obligations. When there are multiple performance obligations within a contract, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on our best estimate of standalone selling price.

We account for a contract after it has been approved by the parties to the contract, the rights and the payment terms of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability is probable, which is presumed for our U.S. Government customers and prime contractors for which we perform as subcontractors to U.S. Government end-customers.

The majority of our revenue is recognized over time, as control is transferred continuously to our customers who receive and consume benefits as we perform, and is classified as services revenue.  All of our business groups earn services revenue under a variety of contract types, including time and materials, firm-fixed price, firm fixed price level of effort, and cost plus fixed fee contract types, which may include variable consideration as discussed further below. Revenue is recognized over time using costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress toward satisfying our performance obligations. Incurred cost represents work performed, which corresponds with, and thereby best depicts, the transfer of control to the customer. Contract costs include labor, material, subcontractor costs and indirect expenses. This continuous transfer of control to the customer is supported by clauses in our contracts with U.S. Government customers whereby the customer may terminate a contract for convenience and then pay for costs incurred plus a profit, at which time the customer would take control of any work in process. For non-U.S. Government contracts where we perform as a subcontractor and our order includes similar Federal Acquisition Regulation (the FAR) provisions as the prime contractor’s order from the U.S. Government, continuous transfer of control is likewise supported by such provisions. For other non-U.S. Government customers, continuous transfer of control to such customers is also supported due to general terms in our contracts and rights to recover damages which would include, among other potential damages, the right to payment for our work performed to date plus a reasonable profit.

Due to the transfer of control over time, revenue is recognized based on progress towards completion of the performance obligation. The selection of the method to measure progress towards completion requires judgment and is based on the nature of the performance obligations. We generally use the cost-to-cost measure of progress on a proportional performance basis for our contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer which occurs as we incur costs on our contracts. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. Due to the nature of the work required to be performed on certain of our performance obligations, the estimation of total revenue and cost at completion is complex, subject to many variables and requires significant judgment.  Contract estimates are based on various assumptions including labor and subcontractor costs, materials and other direct costs and the complexity of the work to be performed. A significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts. We review and update our contract-related estimates regularly and recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts on a cumulative catch-up basis, which may result in an adjustment increasing or decreasing revenue to date on a contract in a particular period that the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate.

Revenue that is recognized at a point in time is for the sale of software licenses in our Secure Mobility and Network Management/Defense Enterprise Solutions (formerly CO&D’s Secure Mobility Solutions) and Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions (formerly IT & Enterprise Solutions) business groups and for the sale of resold products in Telos ID Enterprise Solutions (formerly Identity Management Solutions) and Cyber & Cloud Solutions (formerly CO&D’s Cyber Security Solutions), and is classified as product revenue.  Revenue on these contracts is recognized when the customer obtains control of the transferred product or service, which is generally upon delivery of the product to the customer for their use, due to us maintaining control of the product until that point. Orders for the sale of software licenses may contain multiple performance obligations, such as maintenance, training, or consulting services, which are typically delivered over time, consistent with the transfer of control disclosed above for the provision of services. When an order contains multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations using our best estimate of standalone selling price.

Contracts are routinely and often modified to account for changes in contract requirements, specifications, quantities, or price.  Depending on the nature of the modification, we determine whether to account for the modification as an adjustment to the existing contract or as a new contract.  Generally, modifications are not distinct from the existing contract due to the significant interrelatedness of the performance obligations and are therefore accounted for as an adjustment to the existing contract, and recognized as a cumulative adjustment to revenue (as either an increase or reduction of revenue) based on the modification’s effect on progress toward completion of a performance obligation.

Our contracts may include various types of variable consideration, such as claims (for instance, indirect rate or other equitable adjustments) or incentive fees. We include estimated amounts in the transaction price based on all of the information available to us, including historical information and future estimations, and to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when any uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.  We have revised and re-submitted several years of incurred cost submissions reflecting certain indirect rate structure changes as a result of regular DCAA audits of incurred cost submissions.  This resulted in signed final rate agreement letters for fiscal years 2011 to 2013 and conformed incurred cost submissions for 2014 to 2015. We evaluated the resulting changes to revenue under the applicable cost plus fixed fee contracts for the years 2011 to 2015 as variable consideration, and determined the most likely amount to which we expect to be entitled, to the extent that no constraint exists that would preclude recognizing this revenue or result in a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized. We included these estimated amounts of variable consideration in the transaction price and as performance on these contracts is complete, we have recognized revenue of $6.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2018.

Historically, most of our contracts do not include award or incentive fees. For incentive fees, we would include such fees in the transaction price to the extent we could reasonably estimate the amount of the fee.  With limited historical experience, we have not included any revenue related to incentive fees in our estimated transaction prices.  We may include in our contract estimates additional revenue for submitted contract modifications or claims against the customer when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be estimated reliably and its realization is probable. We consider the contractual/legal basis for the claim (in particular FAR provisions), the facts and circumstances around any additional costs incurred, the reasonableness of those costs and the objective evidence available to support such claims.

For our contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, we use the practical expedient applicable to such contracts and do not consider the time value of money. We capitalize sales commissions related to proprietary software and related services that are directly tied to sales. We do not elect the practical expedient to expense as incurred the incremental costs of obtaining a contract if the amortization period would have been one year or less. For the sales commissions that are capitalized, we amortize the asset over the expected customer life, which is based on recent and historical data.

Contract assets are amounts that are invoiced as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. Generally, revenue recognition occurs before billing, resulting in contract assets. These contract assets are referred to as unbilled receivables and are reported within accounts receivable, net of reserve on our consolidated balance sheets.

Billed receivables are amounts billed and due from our customers and are reported within accounts receivable, net of reserve on the consolidated balance sheets. The portion of the payments retained by the customer until final contract settlement is not considered a significant financing component due to the intent of the retainage being the customer’s protection with respect to full and final performance under the contract.

Contract liabilities are payments received in advance and milestone payments from our customers on selected contracts that exceed revenue earned to date, resulting in contract liabilities. Contract liabilities typically are not considered a significant financing component because they are generally satisfied within one year and are used to meet working capital demands that can be higher in the early stages of a contract. Contract liabilities are reported on our consolidated balance sheet on a net contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

We have one reportable segment. We treat sales to U.S. customers as sales within the U.S. regardless of where the services are performed. Substantially all of our revenues are from U.S. customers as revenue derived from international customers is de minimus. The following tables disclose revenue (in thousands) by customer type and contract type for the periods presented.  Prior period amounts have not been adjusted under the modified retrospective method.

The following table discloses accounts receivable and contract assets (in thousands):

The following table discloses contract liabilities (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had $112.4 million and $79.3 million of remaining performance obligations, respectively, which we also refer to as funded backlog. We expect to recognize approximately 98.4% of our remaining performance obligations as revenue in 2020, an additional 1.1% by 2021 and the balance thereafter. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the amount of revenue recognized during the year that was included in the opening contract liabilities balance was $4.2 million and $5.5 million, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Our cash management program utilizes zero balance accounts. Accordingly, all book overdraft balances have been reclassified to accounts payable and other accrued liabilities.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at the invoiced amount, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. Collectability of accounts receivable is regularly reviewed based upon managements’ knowledge of the specific circumstances related to overdue balances. The allowance for doubtful accounts is adjusted based on such evaluation. Accounts receivable balances are written off against the allowance when management deems the balances uncollectible.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, where cost is determined using the weighted average method.  Substantially all inventories consist of purchased customer off-the-shelf hardware and software, and component computer parts used in connection with system integration services that we perform. An allowance for obsolete, slow-moving or nonsalable inventory is provided for all other inventory. This allowance is based on our overall obsolescence experience and our assessment of future inventory requirements.  This charge is taken primarily due to the age of the specific inventory and the significant additional costs that would be necessary to upgrade to current standards as well as the lack of forecasted sales for such inventory in the near future. Gross inventory was $2.8 million and $4.9 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  As of December 31, 2019, it is management’s judgment that we have fully provided for any potential inventory obsolescence.

The components of the allowance for inventory obsolescence are set forth below (in thousands):

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment is recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method at rates based on the estimated useful lives of the individual assets or classes of assets as follows:

Leased property meeting certain criteria is capitalized at the present value of the related minimum lease payments. Amortization of property and equipment under finance leases is computed on the straight-line method over the lesser of the term of the related lease and the useful life of the related asset.

Upon sale or retirement of property and equipment, the costs and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss on such disposition is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, such amounts are negligible. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred.

Long-lived assets, such as fixed assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate its fair value. Accordingly, actual results could differ from such estimates. No events have been identified that caused an evaluation of the recoverability of long-lived assets.

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment, including property and equipment under finance leases was $5.0 million, $3.0 million, and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Software Development Costs

Our policy on accounting for development costs of software to be sold is in accordance with ASC Topic 985-20, “Software – Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased, or Marketed” and ASC Topic 350-40 “Internal Use Software” in so far as our Xacta products being available in various deployment modalities including on premises licenses and cloud-based Software as a Service (“SaaS”). Under both standards, software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility is reached, at which time additional costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers or is ready for its intended use, as appropriate. Technological feasibility is established when all planning, designing, coding and testing activities have been completed, and all risks have been identified. Beginning with the second quarter of 2017, software development costs are capitalized and amortized over the estimated product life of 2 years on a straight-line basis. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we capitalized $5.6 million and $3.1 million of software development costs, respectively, which are included as a part of property and equipment. Amortization expense was $1.8 million and $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Accumulated amortization was $3.1 million and $1.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company analyzes the net realizable value of capitalized software development costs on at least an annual basis and has determined that there is no indication of impairment of the capitalized software development costs as forecasted future sales are adequate to support amortization costs. During 2019, 2018 and 2017, we incurred salary costs for research and development of approximately $4.2 million, $3.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which were included as part of the selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.”  Under ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences of temporary differences and income tax credits.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates that are applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized for differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities.  Any change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in net income in the period in which the tax rate change is enacted.  We record a valuation allowance that reduces deferred tax assets when it is “more likely than not” that deferred tax assets will not be realized. We are required to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based on available evidence, realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income.  We considered projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and reversal of taxable temporary differences in making this assessment. As such, we have determined that a full valuation allowance is required as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. As a result of a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, a deferred tax liability related to goodwill remains on our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 and 2018. Due to the tax reform enacted on December 22, 2017, net operating losses generated in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 will have an indefinite carryforward period, which will be available to offset future taxable income created by the reversal of temporary taxable differences related to goodwill.  As a result, we have adjusted the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018.  See additional information on tax reform and its impact on our income taxes in Note 9 – Income Taxes.

Goodwill

We evaluate the impairment of goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, which requires goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets to be assessed on at least an annual basis for impairment using a fair value basis. Between annual evaluations, if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount, then impairment must be evaluated. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to: (1) a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climate, or (2) a loss of key contracts or customers.

  As the result of an acquisition, we record any excess purchase price over the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired as goodwill. An allocation of the purchase price to tangible and intangible net assets acquired is based upon our valuation of the acquired assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to annual impairment tests. We complete our goodwill impairment tests as of December 31st each year. Additionally, we make evaluations between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The evaluation is based on the estimation of the fair values of our three reporting units, Cyber Operations and Defense (“CO&D”), Telos ID Enterprise Solutions, and Secure Communications Cyber and Enterprise Solutions, of which goodwill is housed in the CO&D reporting units, in comparison to the reporting unit’s net asset carrying values. Our discounted cash flows required management’s judgment with respect to forecasted revenue streams and operating margins, capital expenditures and the selection and use of an appropriate discount rate. The net assets attributable to the reporting units are determined based upon the estimated assets and liabilities attributable to the reporting units in deriving its free cash flows. In addition, the estimate of the total fair value of our reporting units is compared to the market capitalization of the Company. The Company’s assessment resulted in a fair value that was greater than the Company’s carrying value, therefore the second step of the impairment test, as prescribed by the authoritative literature, was not required to be performed and no impairment of goodwill was recorded as of December 31, 2019. Subsequent reviews may result in future periodic impairments that could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations in the period recognized. Recent operating results have reduced the projection of future cash flow growth potential, which indicates that certain negative potential events, such as a material loss or losses on contracts, or failure to achieve projected growth could result in impairment in the future. We estimate fair value of our reporting unit and compare the valuation with the respective carrying value for the reporting unit to determine whether any goodwill impairment exists. If we determine through the impairment review process that goodwill is impaired, we will record an impairment charge in our consolidated statements of operations. Goodwill is amortized and deducted over a 15-year period for tax purposes. Stock-Based Compensation

Earnings (Loss) per Share

As we do not have publicly held common stock or potential common stock, no earnings (loss) per share data is reported for any of the years presented.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes changes in equity (net assets) during a period from non-owner sources. Our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was comprised of a loss from foreign currency translation of $101,000 and $90,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively; and actuarial gain on pension liability adjustments in Teloworks of $107,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Financial Instruments

We use various methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximates fair value. The fair value of long-term debt is based on the discounted cash flows for similar term borrowings based on market prices for the same or similar issues.

 Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve matters of judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (ASC Topic 842)”, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet and expands disclosures about leasing arrangements for both lessees and lessors, among other items, for most lease arrangements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which made the new standard effective for us on January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (ASC Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” which allows for an additional transition method under the modified retrospective approach for the adoption of ASU 2016-02. The two permitted transition methods are (a) to apply the new lease requirements at the beginning of the earliest period presented (the Comparative Method) and (b) to apply the new lease requirements at the effective date (the Effective Date Method). Under both transition methods there is a cumulative effect adjustment. We adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 by applying the new lease requirements utilizing the Effective Date Method for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. We elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which included carrying forward historical assessments of: (1) whether contracts are or contain leases, (2) lease classification and (3) initial direct costs. The adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of right-of-use assets of $2.0 million and additional lease liabilities of $2.0 million as of January 1, 2019. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our operating results or cash flows. The comparative periods have not been restated for the adoption of ASU 2016-02.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which introduces new guidance for estimating credit losses on certain types of financial instruments based on expected losses and the timing of the recognition of such losses. This standard will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. While we are currently assessing the impact the adoption of this ASU will have on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows, we do not believe the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment," which eliminates Step 2 of the current goodwill impairment test that requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation to measure goodwill impairment. A goodwill impairment loss will instead be measured at the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the recorded amount of goodwill. The provisions of this ASU are effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for any impairment test performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement”, which modifies the disclosure requirement for fair value measurement under ASC 820 to improve the effectiveness of such disclosures. Those modifications include the removal and addition of disclosure requirements as well as clarifying specific disclosure requirements.  This standard will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” which aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software.  This standard will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Note 2.  Non-controlling Interests

On April 11, 2007, Telos ID was formed as a limited liability company under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. We contributed substantially all of the assets of our Telos ID Enterprise business line and assigned our rights to perform under our U.S. Government contract with the Defense Manpower Data Center (“DMDC”) to Telos ID at their stated book values. The net book value of assets we contributed totaled $17,000. Until April 19, 2007, we owned 99.999% of the membership interests of Telos ID and certain private equity investors (“Investors”) owned 0.001% of the membership interests of Telos ID. On April 20, 2007, we sold an additional 39.999% of the membership interests to the Investors in exchange for $6 million in cash consideration. In accordance with ASC 505, “Equity,” we recognized a gain of $5.8 million. As a result, we owned 60% of Telos ID, and therefore continue to account for the investment in Telos ID using the consolidation method.

On December 24, 2014 (the “Closing Date”), we entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and the Investors, pursuant to which the Investors acquired from the Company an additional ten percent (10%) membership interest in Telos ID in exchange for $5 million (the “Transaction”). In connection with the Transaction, the Company and the Investors entered into the Second Amended and Restated Operating Agreement (the “Operating Agreement”) governing the business, allocation of profits and losses and management of Telos ID. Under the Operating Agreement, Telos ID is managed by a board of directors comprised of five (5) members (the “Telos ID Board”). The Operating Agreement provides for two classes of membership units, Class A (owned by the Company) and Class B (owned by the Investors). The Class A member (the Company) owns 50% of Telos ID, is entitled to receive 50% of the profits of Telos ID, and may appoint three (3) members of the Telos ID Board. The Class B member (the Investors) owns 50% of Telos ID, is entitled to receive 50% of the profits of Telos ID, and may appoint two (2) members of the Telos ID Board.

Despite the post-Transaction ownership of Telos ID being evenly split at 50% by each member, Telos maintains control of the subsidiary through its holding of three of the five Telos ID Board seats.

Under the Operating Agreement, the Class A and Class B members each have certain options with regard to the ownership interests held by the other party including the following:

●	Upon the occurrence of a change in control of the Class A member (as defined in the Operating Agreement, a “Change in Control”), the Class A member has the option to purchase the entire membership interest of the Class B member.

●

Upon the occurrence of the following events: (i) the involuntary termination of John B. Wood as CEO and chairman of the Class A member; (ii) the bankruptcy of the Class A member; or (iii) unless the Class A member exercises its option to acquire the entire membership interest of the Class B member upon a Change in Control of the Class A member, the transfer or issuance of more than fifty-one percent (51%) of the outstanding voting securities of the Class A member to a third party, the Class B member has the option to purchase the membership interest of the Class A member; provided, however, that in the event that the Class B member exercises the foregoing option, the Class A Member may then choose to purchase the entire interest of the Class B member.

●

In the event that more than fifty percent (50%) of the ownership interests in the Class B member are transferred to persons or individuals (other than members of the immediate family of the initial owners of the Class B member) without the consent of Telos ID, the Class A member has the option to purchase the entire membership interest of the Class B member.

●

The Class B member has the option to sell its interest to the Class A member at any time if there is not a letter of intent to sell Telos ID, a binding contract to sell all of the assets or membership interests in Telos ID, or a standstill for due diligence with respect to a sale of Telos ID. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Class A member will not be obligated to purchase the interest of the Class B member if that purchase would constitute a violation of any existing line of credit available to the Company after giving effect to that purchase and the applicable lender refuses to consent to that purchase or to waive such violation.

If either the Class A member or the Class B member elects to sell its interest or buy the other member’s interest upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing events, the purchase price for the interest will be based on an appraisal of Telos ID prepared by a nationally recognized investment banker. If the Class A member fails to satisfy its obligation, subject to the restrictions in the Purchase Agreement, to purchase the interest of the Class B member under the Operating Agreement, the Class B member may require Telos ID to initiate a sales process for the purpose of seeking an offer from a third party to purchase Telos ID that maximizes the value of Telos ID. The Telos ID Board must accept any offer from a bona fide third party to purchase Telos ID if that offer is approved by the Class B member, unless the purchase of Telos ID would violate the terms of any existing line of credit available to the Company and the applicable lender does not consent to that purchase or waive the violation. The sale process is the sole remedy available to the Class B member if the Class A member does not purchase its membership interest.  Under such a forced sale scenario, a sales process would result in both members receiving their proportionate membership interest share of the sales proceeds and both members would always be entitled to receive the same form of consideration.

As a result of the Transaction, the Class A and Class B members each own 50% of Telos ID, as mentioned above, and as such each was allocated 50% of the profits, which was $4.3 million, $3.4 million, and $2.3 million for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. The Class B member is the non-controlling interest.

Distributions are made to the members only when and to the extent determined by Telos ID’s Board of Directors, in accordance with the Operating Agreement. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Class B member received a total of $2.4 million, $1.7 million, and $3.7 million, respectively, of such distributions.

The following table details the changes in non-controlling interest for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 (in thousands):

Note 3. Goodwill

The goodwill balance was $14.9 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.  Goodwill is subject to annual impairment tests and if triggering events are present before the annual tests, we will assess impairment. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, no impairment charges were taken.

Note 4. Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The framework requires the valuation of investments using a three-tiered approach. The statement requires fair value measurement to be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets and liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; or

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not have any financial instruments with significant Level 3 inputs and we did not have any financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of the Company’s 12% Cumulative Exchangeable Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share (the “Public Preferred Stock”) was $139.2 million and $135.4 million, respectively, and the estimated fair market value was $60.5 million and $41.4 million, respectively, based on quoted market prices.

For certain of our non-derivative financial instruments, including receivables, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, the carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.  The estimated fair value of the Credit Agreement (as defined below) and long-term debt is based primarily on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for similar debt issues. The fair value approximates the carrying value of long-term debt.

Note 5. Revenue and Accounts Receivable

Revenue resulting from contracts and subcontracts with the U.S. Government accounted for 93.7%, 93.7%, and 94.2% of consolidated revenue in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. As our primary customer base includes agencies of the U.S. Government, we have a concentration of credit risk associated with our accounts receivable, as 92.7% of our billed accounts receivable were directly with U.S. Government customers. While we acknowledge the potentially material and adverse risk of such a significant concentration of credit risk, our past experience of collecting substantially all of such receivables provide us with an informed basis that such risk, if any, is manageable. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of all of our customers and generally do not require collateral or other guarantee from our customers.  We maintain allowances for potential losses.

On July 15, 2016, the Company entered into an accounts receivable purchase agreement under which the Company sells certain accounts receivable to a third party, or the “Factor”, without recourse to the Company. The Factor initially pays the Company 90% of U.S. Federal government receivables or 85% of certain commercial prime contractors. The remaining payment is deferred and based on the amount the Factor receives from our customer, less a discount fee and a program access fee that is determined by the amount of time the receivable is outstanding before payment. The structure of the transaction provides for a true sale of the receivables transferred. Accordingly, upon transfer of the receivable to the Factor, the receivable is removed from the Company's consolidated balance sheet, a loss on the sale is recorded and the residual amount remains a deferred payment as an accounts receivable until payment is received from the Factor. The balance of the sold receivables may not exceed $10 million. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company sold approximately $12.6 million and $18.1 million of accounts receivable, respectively, and recognized a related loss of approximately $0.1 million in selling, general and administrative expenses for the same periods. As of December 31, 2019, there were no outstanding sold accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2018, the balance of the sold accounts receivable was approximately $0.9 million, and the related deferred price was approximately $0.1 million.

The components of accounts receivable are as follows (in thousands):

The activities in the allowance for doubtful accounts are set forth below (in thousands):

(1)	Accounts receivable reserves and reversal of allowance for subsequent collections, net