Tennessee Valley Authority - Quarter Report: 2009 December (Form 10-Q)
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x QUARTERLY
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13, 15(d), OR 37 OF THE
SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the
quarterly period ended December 31, 2009
OR
o TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
For the
transition period from ____ to ____
Commission
file number 000-52313
TENNESSEE VALLEY
AUTHORITY
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
A
corporate agency of the United States
created
by an act of Congress
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
|
62-0474417
(IRS Employer Identification
No.)
|
|
400
W. Summit Hill Drive
Knoxville,
Tennessee
(Address of principal executive
offices)
|
37902
(Zip
Code)
|
(865)
632-2101
(Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code)
None
(Former name, former address and
former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13, 15(d), or 37 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes xNo o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on
its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be
submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this
chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes oNo o
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,”
“accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large
accelerated filer o
|
Accelerated
filer o
|
Non-accelerated
filer x
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
|
Smaller
reporting company o
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No x
1
3
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4
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5
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6
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6
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Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
|
7
|
8
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9
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10
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35
|
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35
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36
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38
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41
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44
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44
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45
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47
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48
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48
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49
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51
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51
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51
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51
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51
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52
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52
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52
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52
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52
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52
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53
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54
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55
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2
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||
The
following terms or acronyms frequently used in this Form 10-Q are defined
below:
|
||
Term or Acronym
|
Definition
|
|
AFUDC
|
Allowance
for funds used during construction
|
|
ASLB
|
Atomic
Safety Licensing Board
|
|
ART
|
Asset
retirement trust
|
|
ARO
|
Asset
retirement obligation
|
|
BEST
|
Bellefonte
Efficiency and Sustainability Team
|
|
BREDL
|
Blue
Ridge Environmental Defense League
|
|
CAA
|
Clean
Air Act
|
|
CAIR
|
Clean
Air Interstate Rule
|
|
CAMR
|
Clean
Air Mercury Rule
|
|
CCP
|
Coal
combustion products
|
|
CERCLA
|
Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
|
|
CME
|
Chicago
Mercantile Exchange
|
|
CO2
|
Carbon
dioxide
|
|
CVA
|
Credit
valuation adjustment
|
|
CY
|
Calendar
year
|
|
EPA
|
Environmental
Protection Agency
|
|
FASB
|
Financial
Accounting Standards Board
|
|
FCA
|
Fuel
cost adjustment
|
|
FTP
|
Financial
Trading Program
|
|
GAAP
|
Accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of
America
|
|
GHG
|
Greenhouse
gas
|
|
GW
|
Gigawatt
|
|
GWh
|
Gigawatt
hour(s)
|
|
KDAQ
|
Kentucky
Division for Air Quality
|
|
kWh
|
Kilowatt
hour(s)
|
|
LIBOR
|
London
Interbank Offered Rate
|
|
MD&A
|
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
|
|
MtM
|
Mark-to-market
|
|
MW
|
Megawatt
|
|
Moody’s
|
Moody’s
Investors Service, Inc.
|
|
mmBtu
|
Million
British thermal unit(s)
|
|
NDT
|
Nuclear
decommissioning trust
|
|
NEPA
|
National
Environmental Policy Act
|
|
NOV
|
Notice
of Violation
|
|
NOx
|
Nitrogen
oxides
|
|
NPDES
|
National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
|
|
NRC
|
Nuclear
Regulatory Commission
|
|
NSR
|
New
Source Review
|
|
PCB
|
Polychlorinated
biphenyls
|
|
REIT
|
Real
estate investment trust
|
|
SACE
|
Southern
Alliance of Clean Energy
|
|
SCR
|
Selective
catalytic reduction systems
|
|
SERP
|
Supplemental
executive retirement plan
|
|
Seven
States
|
Seven
States Power Corporation
|
|
SO2
|
Sulfur
dioxide
|
|
S&P
|
Standard
& Poor’s Rating Services
|
|
SSSL
|
Seven
States Southaven, LLC
|
|
TDEC
|
Tennessee
Department of Environment and
Conservation
|
This
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Quarterly Report”) contains forward-looking
statements relating to future events and future performance. All
statements other than those that are purely historical may be forward-looking
statements. In certain cases, forward-looking statements can be
identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,”
“anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “plan,” “predict,” “assume,”
“forecast,” “estimate,” “objective,” “possible,” “probably,” “likely,”
“potential,” or other similar expressions.
Although the Tennessee Valley Authority
(“TVA”) believes that the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements
are reasonable, TVA does not guarantee the accuracy of these
statements. Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ
materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These
factors include, among other things:
|
•
|
New
or changed laws, regulations, and administrative orders, including those
related to environmental matters, and the costs of complying with these
new or changed, as well as existing, laws, regulations, and administrative
orders;
|
|
•
|
Unplanned
contributions to TVA’s pension or other post-retirement benefit plans or
to TVA’s nuclear decommissioning trust
(“NDT”);
|
|
•
|
Significant
delays or cost overruns associated with the cleanup and recovery
activities associated with the ash spill at TVA’s Kingston Fossil Plant
(“Kingston”) or in construction of generation and transmission
assets;
|
|
•
|
Fines,
penalties, and settlements associated with the Kingston ash
spill;
|
|
•
|
The
outcome of legal and administrative proceedings, including, but not
limited to, proceedings involving the Kingston ash spill and the North
Carolina public nuisance case;
|
|
•
|
Significant
changes in demand for electricity;
|
|
•
|
Loss
of customers;
|
|
•
|
The
continued operation, performance, or failure of TVA’s generation,
transmission, and related assets (including facilities such as coal
combustion product facilities);
|
|
•
|
Disruption
of fuel supplies, which may result from, among other things, weather
conditions, production or transportation difficulties, labor challenges,
or environmental regulations affecting TVA’s fuel
suppliers;
|
|
•
|
Purchased
power price volatility and disruption of purchased power
supplies;
|
|
•
|
Events
at transmission lines and other facilities not operated by TVA, including
those that affect the supply of water to TVA’s generation
facilities;
|
|
•
|
Inability
to obtain regulatory approval for the construction or operation of
assets;
|
|
•
|
Weather
conditions;
|
|
•
|
Events
at a nuclear facility, even one that is not operated by or licensed to
TVA;
|
|
•
|
Catastrophic
events such as fires, earthquakes, solar events, floods, tornadoes,
pandemics, wars, terrorist activities, and other similar events,
especially if these events occur in or near TVA’s service
area;
|
|
•
|
Reliability
and creditworthiness of
counterparties;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in the market price of commodities such as coal, uranium, natural gas,
fuel oil, crude oil, construction materials, electricity, and emission
allowances;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in the market price of equity securities, debt securities, and other
investments;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in interest rates, currency exchange rates, and inflation
rates;
|
|
•
|
Rising
pension and health care costs;
|
|
•
|
Increases
in TVA’s financial liability for decommissioning its nuclear facilities
and retiring other assets;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in the market for TVA’s debt, changes in TVA’s credit rating, or
limitations on TVA’s ability to borrow
money;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in the economy and volatility in financial
markets;
|
|
•
|
Inability
to eliminate identified deficiencies in TVA’s systems, standards,
controls, and corporate culture;
|
|
•
|
Ineffectiveness
of TVA’s disclosure controls and procedures and its internal control over
financial reporting;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in accounting standards including any change that would eliminate TVA’s
ability to use regulatory
accounting;
|
|
•
|
Problems
attracting and retaining a qualified
workforce;
|
|
•
|
Changes
in technology;
|
|
•
|
Differences
between estimates of revenues and expenses and actual revenues and
expenses incurred; and
|
|
•
|
Unforeseeable
events.
|
See also Item 1A, Risk Factors, and
Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations in TVA’s Annual Report Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
September 30, 2009 (the “Annual Report”) and Part I, Item 2, Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and
Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in this Quarterly Report. New factors
emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all
such factors or to assess the extent to which any factor or combination of
factors may impact TVA’s business or cause results to differ materially from
those contained in any forward-looking statement.
TVA undertakes no obligation to update
any forward-looking statement to reflect developments that occur after the
statement is made.
Fiscal
Year
Unless otherwise indicated, years
(2010, 2009, etc.) in this Quarterly Report refer to TVA’s fiscal years ending
September 30. References to years that are preceded by “CY” are to
calendar years.
Notes
References to “Notes” are to the Notes
to Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements in
this Quarterly Report.
Available Information
TVA's Annual Reports on Form 10-K,
Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments
to those reports are available on TVA's web site, free of charge, as soon as
reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or
furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). TVA's
web site is www.tva.gov. Information contained on TVA’s web site
shall not be deemed to be incorporated into, or to be a part of, this Quarterly
Report. TVA's SEC reports are also available to the public without
charge from the web site maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. In
addition, the public may read and copy any reports or other information that TVA
files with or furnishes to the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F
Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain
information about the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC
at 1-800-SEC-0330.
TENNESSEE
VALLEY AUTHORITY
For the
three months ended December 31
(in
millions)
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Operating
revenues
|
||||||||
Sales
of electricity
|
||||||||
Municipalities
and cooperatives
|
$ | 1,945 | $ | 2,569 | ||||
Industries
directly served
|
348 | 442 | ||||||
Federal
agencies and other
|
27 | 38 | ||||||
Other
revenue
|
29 | 28 | ||||||
Total
operating revenues
|
2,349 | 3,077 | ||||||
Operating
expenses
|
||||||||
Fuel
and purchased power
|
608 | 1,383 | ||||||
Operating
and maintenance
|
754 | 590 | ||||||
Depreciation,
amortization, and accretion
|
411 | 396 | ||||||
Tax
equivalents
|
105 | 148 | ||||||
Environmental
cleanup costs – Kingston ash spill
|
— | 525 | ||||||
Total
operating expenses
|
1,878 | 3,042 | ||||||
Operating
income
|
471 | 35 | ||||||
Other
income (expense), net
|
6 | (9 | ) | |||||
Interest
expense
|
||||||||
Interest
on debt and leaseback obligations
|
336 | 334 | ||||||
Amortization
of debt discount, issue, and reacquisition costs, net
|
5 | 5 | ||||||
Allowance
for funds used during construction and nuclear fuel
expenditures
|
(14 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||
Net
interest expense
|
327 | 331 | ||||||
Net
income (loss)
|
$ | 150 | $ | (305 | ) | |||
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
|
TENNESSEE
VALLEY AUTHORITY
(in
millions)
ASSETS
|
||||||||
December
31
|
September
30
|
|||||||
2009
|
2009
|
|||||||
Current
assets
|
(Unaudited)
|
|||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$ | 250 | $ | 201 | ||||
Restricted
cash and investments
|
9 | — | ||||||
Accounts
receivable, net
|
1,093 | 1,303 | ||||||
Inventories
and other, net
|
1,020 | 961 | ||||||
Total
current assets
|
2,372 | 2,465 | ||||||
Property,
plant, and equipment
|
||||||||
Completed
plant
|
41,412 | 41,286 | ||||||
Less
accumulated depreciation
|
(18,376 | ) | (18,086 | ) | ||||
Net
completed plant
|
23,036 | 23,200 | ||||||
Construction
in progress
|
2,876 | 2,600 | ||||||
Nuclear
fuel and capital leases
|
1,056 | 961 | ||||||
Total
property, plant, and equipment, net
|
26,968 | 26,761 | ||||||
Investment
funds
|
1,019 | 983 | ||||||
Regulatory
and other long-term assets
|
||||||||
Deferred
nuclear generating units
|
2,249 | 2,347 | ||||||
Other
regulatory assets
|
6,972 | 7,287 | ||||||
Subtotal
|
9,221 | 9,634 | ||||||
Other
long-term assets
|
205 | 174 | ||||||
Total
regulatory and other long-term assets
|
9,426 | 9,808 | ||||||
Total
assets
|
$ | 39,785 | $ | 40,017 | ||||
LIABILITIES
AND PROPRIETARY CAPITAL
|
||||||||
Current
liabilities
|
||||||||
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities
|
$ | 1,806 | $ | 2,108 | ||||
Environmental
cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill
|
317 | 348 | ||||||
Collateral
funds held
|
9 | – | ||||||
Accrued
interest
|
334 | 401 | ||||||
Current
portion of leaseback obligations
|
460 | 463 | ||||||
Current
portion of energy prepayment obligations
|
105 | 105 | ||||||
Short-term
debt, net
|
1,057 | 844 | ||||||
Current
maturities of long-term debt
|
8 | 8 | ||||||
Total
current liabilities
|
4,096 | 4,277 | ||||||
Long-term
liabilities
|
||||||||
Other
long-term liabilities
|
4,517 | 4,805 | ||||||
Regulatory
liabilities
|
124 | 130 | ||||||
Environmental
cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill
|
300 | 354 | ||||||
Asset
retirement obligations
|
2,717 | 2,683 | ||||||
Leaseback
obligations
|
939 | 940 | ||||||
Energy
prepayment obligations
|
796 | 822 | ||||||
Total
long-term liabilities
|
9,393 | 9,734 | ||||||
Long-term
debt, net
|
21,878 | 21,788 | ||||||
Total
liabilities
|
35,367 | 35,799 | ||||||
Proprietary
capital
|
||||||||
Appropriation
investment
|
4,698 | 4,703 | ||||||
Retained
earnings
|
3,442 | 3,291 | ||||||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
(18 | ) | (75 | ) | ||||
Accumulated
net expense of nonpower programs
|
(3,704 | ) | (3,701 | ) | ||||
Total
proprietary capital
|
4,418 | 4,218 | ||||||
Total
liabilities and proprietary capital
|
$ | 39,785 | $ | 40,017 | ||||
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
|
TENNESSEE
VALLEY AUTHORITY
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
For the
three months ended December 31
(in
millions)
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Cash
flows from operating activities
|
||||||||
Net
income (loss)
|
$ | 150 | $ | (305 | ) | |||
Adjustments
to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating
activities
|
||||||||
Depreciation,
amortization, and accretion
|
416 | 401 | ||||||
Nuclear
refueling outage amortization
|
31 | 29 | ||||||
Amortization
of nuclear fuel
|
57 | 51 | ||||||
Non-cash
retirement benefit expense
|
91 | 35 | ||||||
Prepayment
credits applied to revenue
|
(26 | ) | (26 | ) | ||||
Fuel
cost adjustment deferral
|
(202 | ) | 395 | |||||
Environmental
cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill – non-cash
|
16 | 525 | ||||||
Changes
in current assets and liabilities
|
||||||||
Accounts
receivable, net
|
217 | (12 | ) | |||||
Inventories
and other
|
(65 | ) | (133 | ) | ||||
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities
|
(191 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||
Accrued
interest
|
(67 | ) | (129 | ) | ||||
Refueling
outage costs
|
— | (30 | ) | |||||
Other,
net
|
14 | (13 | ) | |||||
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
441 | 769 | ||||||
Cash
flows from investing activities
|
||||||||
Construction
expenditures
|
(534 | ) | (421 | ) | ||||
Nuclear
fuel expenditures
|
(126 | ) | (168 | ) | ||||
Change
in restricted cash and investments
|
— | (17 | ) | |||||
Change
in collateral funds
|
— | (455 | ) | |||||
Purchases
of investments, net
|
— | (1 | ) | |||||
Loans
and other receivables
|
||||||||
Advances
|
(11 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Repayments
|
7 | 2 | ||||||
Other,
net
|
1 | — | ||||||
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
(663 | ) | (1,062 | ) | ||||
Cash
flows from financing activities
|
||||||||
Long-term
debt
|
||||||||
Issues
|
82 | 39 | ||||||
Redemptions
and repurchases
|
(4 | ) | (2,000 | ) | ||||
Short-term
issues, net
|
213 | 2,208 | ||||||
Payments
on leases and leaseback financing
|
(11 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Financing
costs, net
|
(2 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
Payments
to U.S. Treasury
|
(7 | ) | (8 | ) | ||||
Other
|
— | (1 | ) | |||||
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
271 | 233 | ||||||
Net
change in cash and cash equivalents
|
49 | (60 | ) | |||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at beginning of period
|
201 | 213 | ||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents at end of period
|
$ | 250 | $ | 153 | ||||
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
|
TENNESSEE
VALLEY AUTHORITY
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PROPRIETARY CAPITAL
(UNAUDITED)
For the
three months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008
(in
millions)
Appropriation
Investment
|
Retained
Earnings
|
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss
|
Accumulated
Net Expense of Stewardship Programs
|
Total
|
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance
at September 30, 2008
|
$ | 4,723 | $ | 2,571 | $ | (37 | ) | $ | (3,694 | ) | $ | 3,563 | ||||||||||||
Net
loss
|
– | (304 | ) | – | (1 | ) | (305 | ) | $ | (305 | ) | |||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive loss
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
unrealized loss on future cash flow hedges
|
— | — | (364 | ) | — | (364 | ) | (364 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Reclassification
to earnings from cash flow hedges
|
— | — | 191 | — | 191 | 191 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
other comprehensive loss
|
(173 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total
comprehensive loss
|
$ | (478 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Return
on Power Facility Appropriation Investment
|
– | (3 | ) | – | – | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Return
of Power Facility Appropriation Investment
|
(5 | ) | – | — | – | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2008 (unaudited)
|
$ | 4,718 | $ | 2,264 | $ | (210 | ) | $ | (3,695 | ) | $ | 3,077 | ||||||||||||
Balance
at September 30, 2009
|
$ | 4,703 | $ | 3,291 | $ | (75 | ) | $ | (3,701 | ) | $ | 4,218 | ||||||||||||
Net
income (loss)
|
– | 153 | – | (3 | ) | 150 | $ | 150 | ||||||||||||||||
Other
comprehensive income
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net
unrealized gain on future cash flow hedges
|
68 | 68 | 68 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification
to earnings from cash flow hedges
|
(11 | ) | (11 | ) | (11 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total
other comprehensive income
|
57 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total
comprehensive income
|
$ | 207 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Return
on Power Facility Appropriation Investment
|
– | (2 | ) | – | – | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Return
of Power Facility Appropriation Investment
|
(5 | ) | – | – | – | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Balance
at December 31, 2009 (unaudited)
|
$ | 4,698 | $ | 3,442 | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (3,704 | ) | $ | 4,418 | ||||||||||||
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial
statements.
|
.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars
in millions except where noted)
Note No.
|
Page No.
|
|||
1
|
10
|
|||
2
|
11
|
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3
|
13
|
|||
4
|
13
|
|||
5
|
13
|
|||
6
|
13
|
|||
7
|
15
|
|||
8
|
16
|
|||
9
|
16
|
|||
10
|
17
|
|||
11
|
18
|
|||
12
|
18
|
|||
13
|
25
|
|||
14
|
30
|
|||
15
|
30
|
|||
16
|
31
|
|||
17
|
34
|
|||
General
In response to a proposal by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1933, the U.S. Congress created the Tennessee Valley
Authority (“TVA”), a government corporation. TVA was created among
other things, to improve navigation on the Tennessee River, reduce the damage
from destructive flood waters within the Tennessee River System and downstream
on the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, further the economic development of
TVA’s service area in the southeastern United States, and sell the electricity
generated at the facilities TVA operates.
Today, TVA operates the nation’s
largest public power system and supplies power in most of Tennessee, northern
Alabama, northeastern Mississippi, and southwestern Kentucky and in portions of
northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southwestern Virginia to a
population of nearly nine million people.
TVA also manages the Tennessee River
and its tributaries — the United States’s fifth largest river system — to
provide, among other things, year-round navigation, flood damage reduction, and
affordable and reliable electricity. Consistent with these primary
purposes, TVA also manages the river system to provide recreational
opportunities, adequate water supply, improved water quality, and economic
development.
The power
program has historically been separate and distinct from the stewardship
programs. TVA is required to be self-supporting from power revenues
and proceeds from power financings, such as proceeds from the issuance of bonds,
notes, and other evidences of indebtedness (“Bonds”). Although TVA
does not currently receive congressional appropriations, it is required to make
annual payments to the U.S. Treasury in repayment of, and as a return on, the
government’s appropriation investment in TVA power facilities (the “Power
Facility Appropriation Investment”). In the 1998 Energy and Water
Development Appropriations Act, Congress directed TVA to fund essential
stewardship activities related to its management of the Tennessee River system
and related properties with power funds in the event that there were
insufficient appropriations or other available funds to pay for such activities
in any fiscal year. Congress has not provided any appropriations to
TVA to fund such activities since 1999. Consequently, during 2000,
TVA began paying for essential stewardship activities primarily with power
revenues, with the remainder funded with user fees and other forms of revenues
derived in connection with those activities. These activities related
to essential stewardship properties do not meet the criteria of an operating
segment under the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America (“GAAP"). Accordingly, these assets and properties are
included as part of the power program, TVA’s only operating
segment.
Power rates are established by the TVA
Board of Directors (“TVA Board”) as authorized by the Tennessee Valley Authority
Act of 1933, as amended, 16 U.S.C. §§ 831-831ee (as amended, the “TVA
Act”). The TVA Act requires TVA to charge rates for power that will
produce gross revenues sufficient to provide funds for operation, maintenance,
and administration of its power system; payments to states and counties in lieu
of taxes; debt service on outstanding indebtedness; payments to the U.S.
Treasury in repayment of and as a return on the Power Facility Appropriation
Investment; and such additional margin as the TVA Board may consider desirable
for investment in power system assets, retirement of outstanding Bonds in
advance of maturity, additional reduction of the Power Facility Appropriation
Investment, and other purposes connected with TVA’s power
business. In setting TVA’s rates, the TVA Board is charged by the TVA
Act to have due regard for the primary objectives of the TVA Act, including the
objective that power shall be sold at rates as low as are
feasible. Rates set by the TVA Board are not subject to review or
approval by any state or federal regulatory body.
Basis
of Presentation
TVA prepares its interim financial
statements in conformity with GAAP for interim financial
information. Accordingly, TVA’s interim financial statements do not
include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial
statements. Because the accompanying interim financial statements do
not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete
financial statements, they should be read in conjunction with the audited
financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2009, and the notes
thereto, which are contained in TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended September 30, 2009 (the “Annual Report”). In the opinion of
management, all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal recurring nature)
considered necessary for fair presentation are included.
Use
of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements
requires TVA to estimate the effects of various matters that are inherently
uncertain as of the date of the financial statements. Although the
financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, management is
required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and
the amounts of revenues and expenses reported during the reporting
period. Each of these estimates varies in regard to the level of
judgment involved and its potential impact on TVA’s financial
results. Estimates are deemed critical either when a different
estimate could have reasonably been used, or where changes in the estimate are
reasonably likely to occur from period to period, and such use or change would
materially impact TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash
flows. TVA’s critical accounting policies are also discussed in Note
1 in the Annual Report.
Fiscal
Year
TVA’s fiscal year ends September
30. Unless otherwise indicated, years (2010, 2009, etc.) refer to
TVA’s fiscal years. References to years that are preceded by “CY” are to
calendar years.
The following accounting standards
and interpretations became effective for TVA during the first quarter of
2010.
Fair Value
Measurements. In September 2006, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance for measuring assets and liabilities
that currently require fair value measurement. The guidance also
responds to investors’ requests for expanded information about the extent to
which companies measure assets and liabilities at fair value, the information
used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair value measurements on
earnings. The guidance applies whenever other standards require (or
permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value but does not expand
the use of fair value in any new circumstances. The guidance
establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to
develop measurement assumptions. In February 2008, FASB issued
guidance that delayed the effective date of the fair value accounting
changes for
nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities except for items that are
recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring
basis. Effective October 1, 2009, TVA adopted these fair value
accounting changes for its nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial
liabilities. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact
TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In August 2009, FASB issued guidance
regarding fair value measurements of liabilities. The guidance
clarifies how the fair value of a liability should be measured when a quoted
price in an active market for the identical liability either is or is not
available. Additionally, the guidance clarifies how to consider a
restriction when estimating the various measurement techniques results.
These changes became effective for TVA on October 1, 2009. The adoption of
this guidance did not materially impact TVA's financial condition, results of
operations, or cash flows.
In
September 2009, FASB issued guidance regarding fair value measurements for
certain alternative investments, such as interests in hedge funds, private
equity funds, real estate funds, venture capital funds, offshore fund vehicles,
and funds of funds. The guidance allows reporting entities to use net
asset value per share to estimate the fair value of these investments as a
practical expedient. The guidance also requires disclosures by major
category of investment about the attributes of the investments, such as the
nature of any restrictions on the investor's ability to redeem its investments
at the measurement date, any unfunded commitments, and the investment strategies
of the investees. These changes became effective for TVA on October
1, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact
TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Business
Combinations. In December 2007, FASB issued guidance that
changes the accounting for business combinations. The guidance
establishes principles and requirements for determining how an enterprise
recognizes and measures the fair value of certain assets and liabilities
acquired in a business combination, including non-controlling interests,
contingent consideration, and certain acquired contingencies. The
guidance also requires acquisition-related transaction expenses and
restructuring costs to be expensed as incurred rather than capitalized as a
component of the business combination. In April 2009, FASB issued
additional guidance to amend and clarify
the initial recognition and measurement, subsequent measurement and accounting,
and related disclosures arising from contingencies in a business
combination. This guidance became effective for TVA on October 1,
2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact TVA’s
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows but will impact the
accounting for any future business acquisitions.
Noncontrolling
Interests. In December 2007, FASB issued guidance that
introduces significant changes in the accounting for noncontrolling interests
(formerly minority interests) in a partially-owned consolidated
subsidiary. The guidance also changes the accounting for and
reporting for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. The guidance
requires that a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated subsidiary be
displayed in the consolidated statement of financial position as a separate
component of equity. The guidance also requires that earnings
attributed to the noncontrolling interests be reported as part of consolidated
earnings, and requires disclosure of the attribution of consolidated earnings to
the controlling and noncontrolling interests on the face of the consolidated
income statement. These changes became effective for TVA on October
1, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact
TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows but will impact
the accounting for any future noncontrolling interests.
The following accounting standards have
been issued, but as of December 31, 2009, were not effective and had not been
adopted by TVA.
Transfers of Financial
Assets. In June 2009, FASB issued guidance regarding
accounting for transfers of financial assets. This guidance
eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) and
subjects those entities to the same consolidation guidance as other variable
interest entities (“VIEs”). The guidance changes the eligibility
criteria for certain transactions to qualify for sale accounting and the
accounting for certain transfers. The guidance also establishes broad
disclosure objectives and requires extensive specific disclosures related to the
transfers. These changes will become effective for TVA for any
transfers of financial assets occurring on or after October 1,
2010. TVA does not believe adoption of this guidance will materially
affect its financial condition, results of operations, or cash
flows.
Variable Interest
Entities. In June 2009, FASB issued guidance that changes the
consolidation guidance for VIEs. The guidance eliminates the
consolidation scope exception for QSPEs. The statement amends the
triggering events to determine if an entity is a VIE, establishes a primarily
qualitative model for determining the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and
requires on-going assessments of whether the reporting entity is the primary
beneficiary. These changes will become effective for TVA on October
1, 2010, and will apply to all entities determined to be VIEs as of and
subsequent to the date of adoption. TVA does not believe adoption of
this guidance will materially affect its financial condition, results of
operations, or cash flows.
Accounts receivable primarily consist
of amounts due from customers for power sales. The table below
summarizes the types and amounts of receivables:
Accounts
Receivable
|
||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Power
receivables billed
|
$ | 173 | $ | 309 | ||||
Power
receivables unbilled
|
869 | 940 | ||||||
Total
power receivables
|
1,042 | 1,249 | ||||||
Other
receivables
|
53 | 56 | ||||||
Allowance
for uncollectible accounts
|
(2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Net
accounts receivable
|
$ | 1,093 | $ | 1,303 |
The table below summarizes the types
and amounts of TVA’s inventories and other current assets:
Inventories
|
||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Fuel
inventory
|
$ | 572 | $ | 535 | ||||
Materials
and supplies inventory
|
423 | 422 | ||||||
Emission
allowance inventory
|
12 | 12 | ||||||
Allowance
for inventory obsolescence
|
(50 | ) | (50 | ) | ||||
Prepaids
and other
|
63 | 42 | ||||||
Inventories
and other, net
|
$ | 1,020 | $ | 961 |
The table below summarizes the types
and amounts of TVA’s Other long-term
assets:
Other
Long-Term Assets
|
||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Loans
and long-term receivables, net
|
$ | 81 | $ | 77 | ||||
Currency
swap assets
|
41 | 7 | ||||||
Coal
contract derivative assets
|
78 | 87 | ||||||
Other
long-term assets
|
5 | 3 | ||||||
Total
other long-term assets
|
$ | 205 | $ | 174 |
Regulatory assets generally represent incurred costs that have been deferred
because such costs are probable of future recovery in customer
rates. These regulatory assets are included in Deferred nuclear generating
units and Other
regulatory assets on the December 31, 2009 and September 30, 2009 Balance
Sheets. Regulatory liabilities generally represent obligations to
make refunds to customers for previous collections for costs that are not likely
to be incurred or
deferral of gains that will be credited to customers in future
periods. These regulatory
liabilities are included in Accounts Payable and Accrued
liabilities and Regulatory liabilities on the December
31, 2009 Balance Sheets. Components of Other
regulatory assets and regulatory
liabilities are summarized in the table below.
TVA
Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
|
||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Regulatory
Assets:
|
||||||||
Deferred
other post-retirement benefit costs
|
$ | 293 | $ | 298 | ||||
Deferred
pension costs
|
3,713 | 3,764 | ||||||
Nuclear
decommissioning costs
|
898 | 909 | ||||||
Non-nuclear
decommissioning costs
|
366 | 351 | ||||||
Debt
reacquisition costs
|
191 | 195 | ||||||
Unrealized
losses relating to TVA’s Financial Trading Program
|
110 | 85 | ||||||
Unrealized
losses on coal contract derivatives
|
54 | 70 | ||||||
Unrealized
losses on certain swap and swaption contracts
|
280 | 498 | ||||||
Environmental
cleanup costs - Kingston ash spill
|
917 | 933 | ||||||
Deferred
outage costs
|
114 | 144 | ||||||
Deferred
capital lease asset costs
|
36 | 40 | ||||||
Subtotal
|
6,972 | 7,287 | ||||||
Deferred
nuclear generating units
|
2,249 | 2,347 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 9,221 | $ | 9,634 | ||||
Regulatory
Liabilities:
|
||||||||
Unrealized
gains on coal contract derivatives
|
$ | 78 | $ | 87 | ||||
Capital
lease liabilities
|
21 | 26 | ||||||
Unrealized
gains relating to TVA’s Financial Trading Program
|
25 | 17 | ||||||
Subtotal
|
124 | 130 | ||||||
Reserve
for future generation
|
66 | 67 | ||||||
Accrued
tax equivalents
|
53 | 81 | ||||||
Fuel
cost adjustment liability: short-term
|
620 | 822 | ||||||
Total
|
$ | 863 | $ | 1,100 |
Fuel Cost
Adjustment. The fuel cost adjustment (“FCA”) provides a
mechanism to regularly alter rates to reflect changing fuel and purchased power
costs. There is typically a lag between the occurrence of a change in
fuel and purchased power costs and the reflection of the change in
rates. As of December 31, 2009, TVA had recognized a short-term
regulatory liability of $620 million with no long-term regulatory liability
related to the FCA. This short-term regulatory liability represents
excess revenues collected to offset fuel and purchased power
costs. The excess revenue is driven by market commodity prices being
lower than those forecasted. This short-term FCA regulatory liability
balance is included in Accounts payable and accrued
liabilities on the Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009.
In August
2009, the TVA Board approved a revision to the FCA formula. Starting
with the October 1, 2009 billing period, all adjustments to the FCA have been
made on a monthly basis instead of a quarterly basis. This allows the
FCA rate to be more closely aligned with TVA’s costs. The FCA formula
also contains a deferred account which is used to reconcile the difference
between actual and forecasted fuel and purchased power costs in the
FCA. The difference between the amounts is included in the deferred
account, and starting with the October 1, 2009 billing period, 50 percent of the
account has been disbursed or collected on a monthly basis instead of a
quarterly basis. This change to a monthly FCA formula is expected to
result in smaller reconciliations and faster liquidation of any balances in the
account. With the change to the monthly FCA formula on October 1,
2009, the remaining balance in the existing deferred liability account balance
at that date from the quarterly FCA formula of approximately $822 million is
being liquidated over a nine-month period from October 1, 2009 through June 30,
2010.
Deferred Outage Costs.
TVA’s investment in the fuel used in its nuclear units is being amortized and
accounted for as a component of fuel expense. Nuclear refueling outage and
maintenance costs already incurred have historically been deferred and amortized
on a straight-line basis over the estimated period until the next refueling
outage. In August 2009, the TVA Board approved a change in the accounting
for deferred outage costs. Beginning October 1, 2010, outage costs are no
longer deferred as a regulatory asset and are being expensed as incurred.
Previously deferred outage costs continue to be amortized as the remaining
amounts are collected in rates.
The
Event. On December 22, 2008, approximately five million cubic
yards of water and coal fly ash flowed out of the ash pond at the Kingston
Fossil Plant (“Kingston”) onto approximately 300 acres, primarily Watts Bar
Reservoir and shoreline property owned by the United States and managed by TVA,
but also structurally damaged three homes, interrupted utility service, and
blocked a local road. Fly ash is a coal combustion product of a
coal-fired plant. Kingston used wet ash containment impoundments for
fly ash.
TVA is
conducting cleanup and recovery efforts in conjunction with federal and state
agencies. Under the May 11, 2009 Administrative Order and Agreement
on Consent (“Order and Agreement”) entered into by TVA and the Environmental
Protection Agency (“EPA”) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), TVA retains its status as a lead
federal agency, but TVA's work is subject to review and approval by the EPA, in
consultation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
(“TDEC”). Under the Order and Agreement, response actions are
classified into three categories: time-critical removal; non-time-critical
removal; and remedial actions. Generally, removal of the ash from the
Emory River is time-critical. TVA estimates that this work will be
completed in 2010. Removal of the remaining ash is considered to be
non-time-critical. TVA estimates that this work will be completed in
2013. Once the removal actions are completed, TVA will be required to
assess the site and determine whether any additional actions may be needed at
Kingston or the surrounding impacted area. This assessment and any
additional activities found to be necessary are considered the remedial
actions.
Insurance. TVA
has property and excess liability insurance programs in place that may cover
some of the Kingston ash spill costs. The insurers for each of these
programs have been notified of the event. Although three of the
insurers that provide liability insurance have denied coverage, TVA is working
with its insurers to provide information, on the event and its cause to
determine applicable coverage. As a result, no estimate for potential
insurance recovery has been accrued.
Claims and
Litigation. Fifty-seven lawsuits based on the Kingston ash
spill have been filed, and one of these has been voluntarily
dismissed. All of the remaining cases are pending in the United
States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. See Note
16.
Financial
Impact. TVA has recorded an estimate in the amount of $933
million for the cost of cleanup related to this event. TVA originally
charged this amount to expense in 2009 as follows: $525 million, $150
million, and $258 million during the three months ended December 31, 2008, March
31, 2009, and June 30, 2009, respectively. However, due to actions of
the TVA Board in August 2009, the amount was reclassified as a regulatory asset
during the fourth quarter of 2009 and will be charged to expense as it is
collected in future rates over 15 years, beginning October 1,
2009. TVA has revised the estimated cost of the cleanup over the
course of the project consistent with receipt of better information as the
remediation work has progressed.
As work
progresses and more information is available, TVA will review its estimates and
revise them as appropriate. TVA currently estimates the recovery
process will be completed in 2013. As such, TVA has accrued a portion
of the estimate in current liabilities, with the remaining portion shown as a
long-term liability on TVA’s December 31, 2009 Balance Sheets. Costs
incurred since the event through December 31, 2009, totaled $316 million,
resulting in a remaining estimated liability of $617 million at December 31,
2009.
The $933 million estimate currently
includes, among other things, a reasonable estimate of costs related to ash
dredging and processing, ash disposition, infrastructure repair, dredge cell
repair, root cause analysis, certain legal and settlement costs, environmental
impact studies and remediation, human health assessments, community outreach and
support, regulatory oversight, cenosphere recovery, skimmer wall installation,
construction of temporary ash storage areas, dike reinforcement, project
management, and certain other remediation costs associated with the clean
up. If the actual amount of ash removed is more or less than the
estimate, the expense could change significantly as this affects the largest
cost components of the estimate. The cost of the removal of the ash
is in large part dependent on the final disposal plan, which is still in
development by TVA and regulatory authorities.
Due to
the uncertainty at this time of the final methods of disposal, a range of
reasonable estimates has been developed by cost category and either the known
amounts, most likely scenarios, or low end of the range for each category has
been accumulated and evaluated to determine the total estimate. The
costs related to loading, transport, and disposal of all time critical ash and
final disposition of dredge cell closures are the ones most subject to
change. It is not currently known exactly how much ash will need to
be removed. The range of estimated costs varies from approximately
$933 million to approximately $1.2 billion.
TVA has
not included the following categories of costs in the above estimate since it
has determined that these costs are currently either not probable, not
reasonably estimable, or not appropriately accounted for as part of the estimate
accrual: fines or regulatory directives, outcome of lawsuits, future claims,
long-term environmental impact costs, final long-term disposition of ash
processing area, associated capital asset purchases, ash handling and
disposition from current plant operations, costs of remediating any discovered
mixed waste during ash removal process, and other costs not meeting the
recognition criteria. As ash removal continues, it is possible that
other environmentally sensitive material potentially in the river sediment
before the ash spill may be uncovered. If other materials are
identified, additional remediation not included in the above estimates may be
required.
On
January 26, 2010, the owners of the landfill in Perry County, Alabama that is
receiving the ash dredged from the Emory River filed for Chapter 11
bankruptcy. At this time it is unclear whether this filing will cause
TVA to incur any additional costs.
The table below summarizes the types
and amounts of liabilities:
Other
Long-Term Liabilities
|
||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Currency
swap liabilities
|
$ | 17 | $ | 51 | ||||
Swaption
liability
|
455 | 592 | ||||||
Interest
rate swap liabilities
|
206 | 287 | ||||||
Coal
contract derivative liabilities
|
72 | 80 | ||||||
Post-retirement
and postemployment benefit obligations
|
3,656 | 3,678 | ||||||
Other
long-term liability obligations
|
111 | 117 | ||||||
Total
other long-term liabilities
|
$ | 4,517 | $ | 4,805 |
During
the first quarters of 2010 and 2009, TVA’s total asset retirement obligation
(“ARO”) liability increased $34 million and $32 million, respectively, due
primarily to accretion. The nuclear accretion of $26 million and $24
million and the non-nuclear accretion of $11 million and $8 million were
deferred as regulatory assets. However, amounts equal to those
collected in rates for the funding of the nuclear decommissioning trust
(“NDT”) and the asset retirement trust (“ART”) are charged to accretion and
depreciation expense. During the first quarter of 2010, $5 million of
nuclear accretion and $9 million of non-nuclear accretion was expensed as these
amounts were being collected in rates. The nuclear ARO liability as
of December 31, 2009 was $1,863 million. The non-nuclear ARO
liability as of December 31, 2009 was $854 million.
Reconciliation
of Asset Retirement Obligation Liability
Three
Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Balance
at beginning of period
|
$ | 2,683 | $ | 2,318 | ||||
Changes
in nuclear estimates to future cash flows
|
— | – | ||||||
Non-nuclear
additional obligations
|
— | – | ||||||
Changes
in non-nuclear estimates to future cash flows
|
(3 | ) | – | |||||
2,680 | 2,318 | |||||||
Add: ARO
accretion
|
||||||||
Nuclear
accretion
|
26 | 24 | ||||||
Non-nuclear
accretion
|
11 | 8 | ||||||
37 | 32 | |||||||
Balance
at end of period
|
$ | 2,717 | $ | 2,350 |
Debt
Outstanding
The TVA Act authorizes TVA to issue
Bonds in an amount not to exceed $30 billion at any time. Debt
outstanding at December 31, 2009 and September 30, 2009, including translation
losses of $41 million and $30 million, respectively, related to Bonds
denominated in foreign currencies, consisted of the following:
Debt
Outstanding
|
||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||
Short-term
debt
|
||||||||
Discount
notes (net of discount)
|
$ | 1,057 | $ | 844 | ||||
Current
maturities of long-term debt
|
8 | 8 | ||||||
Total
short-term debt, net
|
1,065 | 852 | ||||||
Long-term
debt
|
||||||||
Long-term
|
22,101 | 22,012 | ||||||
Unamortized
discount
|
(223 | ) | (224 | ) | ||||
Total
long-term debt, net
|
21,878 | 21,788 | ||||||
Total
outstanding debt
|
$ | 22,943 | $ | 22,640 |
Debt
Securities Activity
The table below summarizes TVA’s
long-term Bond activity for the period from October 1, 2009, to December 31,
2009.
Date
|
Amount
|
Interest
Rate
|
|||||||
Issuances:
|
|||||||||
electronotes®
|
First
Quarter 2010
|
$ | 82 | 4.38 | % | ||||
Redemptions/Maturities:
|
|||||||||
electronotes®
|
First
Quarter 2010
|
$ | 1 | 3.24 | % | ||||
2009
Series A
|
November
2009
|
2 | 2.25 | % | |||||
2009
Series B
|
December
2009
|
1 | 3.77 | % | |||||
$ | 4 | ||||||||
TVA also
has access to a financing arrangement with the U.S. Treasury pursuant to the TVA
Act. TVA and the U.S. Treasury entered into a memorandum of
understanding under which the U.S. Treasury provides TVA with a $150 million
credit facility. This credit facility matures on September 30, 2010,
and is expected to be renewed. Access to this credit facility or
other similar financing arrangements have been available to TVA since the
1960s. TVA plans to use the U.S. Treasury credit facility as a
secondary source of liquidity. The interest rate on any borrowing
under this facility is based on the average rate on outstanding marketable
obligations of the United States with maturities from date of issue of one year
or less. TVA did not borrow under the credit facility during 2009 or
the three months ended December 31, 2009.
TVA also
has short-term funding available in the form of two short-term revolving credit
facilities of $1.0 billion each, one of which matures on May 12, 2010, and the
other of which matures on November 8, 2010. The credit facilities
accommodate the issuance of letters of credit. The interest rate on
any borrowing and the fees on any letter of credit under these facilities are
variable based on market factors and the rating of TVA’s senior unsecured
long-term non-credit
enhanced debt. TVA is required to pay an unused facility fee on the
portion of the total $2.0 billion which TVA has not borrowed or committed under
letters of credit. The fee fluctuates depending on the non-enhanced
credit ratings on TVA’s senior unsecured long-term debt. At December
31, 2009 and September 30, 2009, there were $145 million and $103 million,
respectively, of letters of credit outstanding under the facilities, and there
were no outstanding borrowings. TVA anticipates renewing each credit
facility as it matures.
Seven
States Power Corporation ("Seven States"), through its subsidiary, Seven States
Southaven, LLC ("SSSL"), exercised Seven States’s option to purchase an
undivided 90 percent interest in a combined cycle combustion turbine facility in
Southaven, Mississippi. As part of interim joint-ownership
arrangements, Seven States has the right at any time during the interim period,
and for any reason, to require TVA to buy back the Seven States interest in the
facility (and the related assets). TVA will buy back the Seven States
interest if long-term operational and power sales arrangements for the facility
among TVA, Seven States, and SSSL, or alternative arrangements, are not in place
by April 30, 2010. TVA’s buy-back obligation will terminate if such
long-term arrangements are in place by that date or may be extended to a later
date if alternative arrangements are put in place. In the event of a buy-back,
TVA would re-acquire the Seven States interest in the facility and the related
assets. As of February 3, 2010, long-term arrangements were not in
place. TVA, Seven States, and SSSL, however, are discussing
alternative arrangements that would extend TVA’s buy-back obligation to a later
date even if long-term arrangements are not in place by April 30,
2010. Because of TVA’s continued ownership interest in the facility
as well as the buy-back provisions, the transaction did not qualify as a sale
and, accordingly, has been recorded as a leaseback obligation. As of
December 31, 2009, the carrying amount of the obligation was approximately $412
million.
TVA
recognizes certain of its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities
on its Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in
the fair value of these instruments depends on (1) whether the derivative
instrument has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment and
(2) if so, the type of hedge relationship (e.g., cash flow hedge).
TVA is exposed to various market
risks. These market risks include risks related to commodity prices,
investment prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates, inflation, and
counterparty credit risk. To help manage certain of these risks, TVA
has entered into various derivative transactions, principally commodity option
contracts, forward contracts, swaps, swaptions, futures, and options on
futures. Other than certain derivative instruments in investment
funds, it is TVA’s policy to enter into these derivative transactions solely for
hedging purposes and not for speculative purposes.
Overview of Accounting
Treatment
The following tables summarize the
accounting treatment that certain of TVA’s financial derivative transactions
receive.
Summary
of Derivative Instruments That Receive Hedge Accounting
Treatment
|
||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives
in Cash Flow Hedging Relationship
|
Objective
of Hedge Transaction
|
Accounting
for Derivative
Hedging
Instrument
|
Amount
of Mark-to-Market Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss
(“OCL”) Three Months Ended December 31
|
Amount
of Exchange (Loss)
Gain
Reclassified from
OCL
to Interest Expense
Three
Months Ended
December
31 (a)
|
||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||||
Currency
swaps
|
To
protect against changes in cash
flows
caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates (exchange
rate
risk)
|
Cumulative
unrealized gains and losses are recorded in OCL and reclassified to
interest expense to the extent they are offset by cumulative gains and
losses on the hedged transaction
|
$ | 68 | $ | (364 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | 191 | ||||||
Note
(a) There were no ineffective portions or amounts
excluded from effectiveness testing for any of the periods
presented. Also see Note 13.
|
Summary
of Derivative Instruments That Do Not Receive Hedge Accounting
Treatment
|
||||||||||
Derivative
Type
|
Objective
of Derivative
|
Accounting
for Derivative Instrument
|
Amount
of Gain
(Loss)
Recognized in
Income
on Derivatives
Three
Months Ended
December
31 (a)
|
|||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||
Swaption
|
To
protect against decreases in value of
the
embedded call (interest rate risk)
|
Gains
and losses are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities until
settlement, at which time the gains/losses (if any) are recognized in
gain/loss on derivative contracts.
|
$ | — | $ | — | ||||
Interest
rate swaps
|
To
fix short-term debt variable rate to a
fixed
rate (interest rate risk)
|
Gains
and losses are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities until
settlement, at which time the gains/losses (if any) are recognized in
gain/loss on derivative contracts.
|
— | — | ||||||
Coal
contract derivatives
|
To
protect against fluctuations in market prices of purchased coal (price
risk)
|
Gains
and losses are recorded as regulatory assets or
liabilities. They are recognized in fuel and purchased power
expense when the related coal is used in production.(b)
|
— | — | ||||||
Commodity
derivatives
under
Financial Trading Program
|
To
protect against fluctuations in
market
prices of purchased commodities
(price
risk)
|
Realized
gains and losses are recorded in earnings as fuel and purchased power
expense. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a
regulatory asset/liability.
|
(50 | ) | (70 | ) | ||||
Notes
(a) All
of TVA’s derivative instruments that do not receive hedge accounting
treatment have unrealized gains (losses) that would otherwise be
recognized in income but instead
are deferred as regulatory assets and liabilities. As such, there was
no related gain (loss) recognized in income for these unrealized gains
(losses) for the three months ended
December 31, 2009 and 2008.
(b) Settlement
fees associated with early contract termination are recognized in fuel and
purchased power expense in the period incurred. Settlement fees with
early contract terminations that qualify
for regulatory accounting are recorded as regulatory
assets.
|
Mark-to-Market
Values of TVA Derivatives
|
||||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||||
Derivatives that Receive Hedge Accounting
Treatment:
|
||||||||||
Balance
|
Balance
Sheets Presentation
|
Balance
|
Balance
Sheets Presentation
|
|||||||
Currency
swaps:
|
||||||||||
£200
million Sterling
|
$ | (17 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
$ | (33 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
||
£250
million Sterling
|
36 |
Other
long-term assets
|
7 |
Other
long-term assets
|
||||||
£150
million Sterling
|
5 |
Other
long-term assets
|
(18 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
|||||
Derivatives that do Not Receive Hedge Accounting
Treatment:
|
||||||||||
Balance
|
Balance
Sheets Presentation
|
Balance
|
Balance
Sheets Presentation
|
|||||||
Swaption:
|
||||||||||
$1.0
billion notional
|
$ | (455 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
$ | (592 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
||
Interest
rate swaps:
|
||||||||||
$476
million notional
|
(197 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
(276 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
||||
$42
million notional
|
(9 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
(11 | ) |
Other
long-term liabilities
|
||||
Coal
contract derivatives
|
6 |
Other
long-term assets
$78,
Other long-term
liabilities ($72)
|
7 |
Other
long-term assets
$87, Other long-term
liabilities ($80)
|
||||||
Commodity
derivatives under Financial Trading Program:
|
||||||||||
Margin
cash account*
|
14 |
Inventories
and other, net
|
28 |
Inventories
and other, net
|
||||||
Unrealized
losses, net
|
(85 | ) |
Other
regulatory assets
($110),
Regulatory
liabilities
$25
|
(68 | ) |
Other
regulatory assets
($85),
Regulatory
liabilities
$17
|
||||
Note
* In
accordance with certain credit terms, TVA uses leveraging to trade
financial instruments under the Financial Trading Program. Therefore,
the margin cash account balance does not represent 100 percent of the net
market value of the derivative positions outstanding as shown in the
Commodity Derivatives Under Financial Trading Program table
below.
|
Cash
Flow Hedging Strategy for Currency Swaps
To
protect against the exchange rate risk related to three sterling denominated
Bond transactions, TVA entered into foreign currency hedges at the time the Bond
transactions occurred. TVA has the following currency swaps
outstanding as of December 31, 2009:
Currency
Swaps Outstanding
As
of December 31, 2009
|
|||
Effective
Date of
Currency
Swap
Contract
|
Associated
TVA Bond
Issues
– Currency
Exposure
|
Expiration
Date
of
Swap
|
Overall
Effective
Cost
to TVA
|
2003
|
£150
million
|
2043
|
4.96%
|
2001
|
£250
million
|
2032
|
6.59%
|
1999
|
£200
million
|
2021
|
5.81%
|
When the
dollar strengthens against the British pound sterling, the exchange gain on the
Bond liability is offset by an exchange loss on the swap
contract. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the exchange loss on
the Bond liability is offset by an exchange gain on the swap
contract. All such exchange gains or losses are included in Long-term debt,
net. The offsetting exchange losses or gains on the swap
contracts are recognized in Accumulated other
comprehensive loss. If any loss (gain) were to be incurred as
a result of the early termination of the foreign currency swap contract, any
resulting charge (income) would be amortized over the remaining life of the
associated Bond as a component of interest expense.
Derivatives
Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment
Swaption
and Interest Rate Swaps
TVA has entered into four swaption
transactions to monetize the value of call provisions on certain of its Bond
issues. A swaption grants a third party the right to enter into a
swap agreement with TVA under which TVA receives a floating rate of interest and
pays the third party a fixed rate of interest equal to the interest rate on the
Bond issue for which the call provision has been monetized by
TVA.
|
•
|
In
2003, TVA monetized the call provisions on a $1.0 billion Bond issue by
entering into a swaption agreement with a third party in exchange for $175
million (the “2003A Swaption”).
|
|
•
|
In
2003, TVA also monetized the call provisions on a $476 million Bond issue
by entering into a swaption agreement with a third party in exchange for
$81 million (the “2003B Swaption”).
|
|
•
|
In
2005, TVA monetized the call provisions on two electronotes®
issues ($42 million total par value) by entering into swaption agreements
with a third party in exchange for $5 million (the “2005
Swaptions”).
|
In February 2004, the counterparty to
the 2003B Swaption exercised its option to enter into an interest rate swap with
TVA, effective April 10, 2004, requiring TVA to make fixed rate payments to the
counterparty of 6.875 percent and the counterparty to make floating payments to
TVA based on London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). These payments
are based on the notional principal amount of $476 million and began on June 15,
2004.
In February 2008, the counterparty to
the 2005 Swaptions exercised its options to enter into interest rate swaps with
TVA, effective March 11, 2008. Under the swaps, TVA is required to
make fixed rate payments to the counterparty at 6.125 percent, and the
counterparty is required to make floating payments to TVA based on
LIBOR. These payments are based on a combined notional amount of $42
million and began on April 15, 2008.
On October 1, 2007, TVA began using
regulatory accounting treatment to defer the mark-to-market gains and losses on
these swap and swaption agreements to reflect that the gain or loss is included
in the ratemaking formula when these transactions settle. The values
of the swap and swaption agreements and related deferred unrealized gains and
losses are recorded on TVA's Balance
Sheets with realized gains or losses, if any, recorded on TVA's Statements
of Operations. There were no realized gains or losses for the three
months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008.
For the three months ended December 31,
2009 and 2008, the changes in market value resulted in deferred unrealized gains
(losses) on the value of interest rate swaps and swaption of $218 million and
$(755) million, respectively. All net deferred unrealized gains
(losses) are reclassified as regulatory liabilities (assets) on the Balance
Sheets.
Coal
Contract Derivatives
TVA enters into certain coal supply
contracts that require delivery of fixed quantities of coal (base tons) at fixed
prices. Most of these contracts are not required to be marked to
market because (1) they are probable of physical delivery and (2) early net
settlement is not probable. Coal contracts that do not qualify for
this exception are marked to market on a quarterly basis as coal contract
derivatives. Additionally, certain coal contracts also contain
options that permit TVA to either increase or reduce the amounts of coal
delivered within specified guidelines. Essentially, the option to
take more or less coal represents a purchased option that is combined with the
forward coal contract in a single supply contract. TVA marks to
market the value of these contracts on a quarterly basis as coal contract
derivatives.
At December 31, 2009 and September 30,
2009, TVA’s coal contract derivatives had net market values of approximately $6
million and $7 million, respectively, which TVA deferred as regulatory assets
and liabilities on a gross basis. TVA will continue to defer all
unrealized gains or losses related to these contracts and record only realized
gains or losses as fossil fuel expense at the time the coal is used in
production. The $6 million net market value of TVA’s coal contract
derivatives at December 31, 2009, also includes a $15 million expected net
settlement related to the early termination of a coal supply contract subsequent
to December 31, 2009.
Coal
Contract Derivatives
|
|||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
||||||
Number
of
Contracts
|
Notional
Amount
(in
tons)
|
Fair
Value (MtM)
(in
millions)
|
Number
of Contracts
|
Notional
Amount
(in
tons)
|
Fair
Value (MtM)
(in
millions)
|
||
Coal
Contract Derivatives
|
12
|
30
million
|
$ 6
|
7
|
29 million
|
$ 7
|
Commodity
Derivatives Under Financial Trading Program
TVA
has a Financial Trading Program (“FTP”) under which it can purchase and sell
futures, swaps, options, and combinations of these instruments (as long as they
are standard in the industry) to hedge TVA’s exposure to (1) the price of
natural gas, fuel oil, electricity, coal, emission allowances, nuclear fuel, and
other commodities included in TVA’s FCA calculation, (2) the price of
construction materials, and (3) contracts for goods priced in or indexed to
foreign currencies. The combined transaction limit for the FCA and
construction material transactions is $130 million (based on one-day value at
risk). In addition, the maximum hedge volume for the construction
material transactions is 75 percent of the underlying net notional volume of the
material that TVA anticipates using in approved TVA projects, and the market
value of all outstanding hedging transactions involving construction materials
is limited to $100 million at the execution of any new
transaction. The portfolio value at risk limit for the foreign
currency transactions is $5 million and is separate and distinct from the $130
million transaction limit discussed above. Under the FTP, TVA is
prohibited from trading financial instruments for speculative
purposes. At December 31, 2009, the only risks hedged under the FTP
were the economic risks associated with the prices of natural gas, fuel oil, and
crude oil.
Commodity
Derivatives Under Financial Trading Program
|
||||||||||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||||||||||
Notional
Amount
|
Fair
Value (MtM)
(in
millions)
|
Notional
Amount
|
Fair
Value (MtM)
(in
millions)
|
|||||||||||||
Natural
gas (in mmBtu)
|
||||||||||||||||
Futures
contracts
|
||||||||||||||||
Fixed
positions
|
— | $ | (4 | ) | — | $ | (5 | ) | ||||||||
Open
positions at end of period
|
28,280,000 | (27 | ) | 30,020,000 | (25 | ) | ||||||||||
Net
position at end of period
|
28,280,000 | (31 | ) | 30,020,000 | (30 | ) | ||||||||||
Swap
contracts
|
||||||||||||||||
Fixed
positions
|
— | (3 | ) | — | (16 | ) | ||||||||||
Open
positions at end of period
|
122,850,000 | (72 | ) | 115,307,500 | (36 | ) | ||||||||||
Net
position at end of period
|
122,850,000 | (75 | ) | 115,307,500 | (52 | ) | ||||||||||
Option
contracts open at end of period
|
1,250,000 | (1 | ) | 7,300,000 | 1 | |||||||||||
Natural
gas financial positions
at
end of period, net
|
152,380,000 | $ | (107 | ) | 152,627,500 | $ | (81 | ) | ||||||||
Fuel
oil/crude oil (in barrels)
|
||||||||||||||||
Futures
contracts open at end of period
|
297,000 | $ | 5 | 398,000 | $ | 3 | ||||||||||
Swap
contracts open at end of period
|
1,609,000 | 15 | 1,660,000 | 7 | ||||||||||||
Option
contracts open at end of period
|
1,035,000 | 2 | 1,236,000 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Fuel
oil/crude oil financial positions at end of period,
net
|
2,941,000 | $ | 22 | 3,294,000 | $ | 13 |
TVA defers all FTP unrealized gains
(losses) as regulatory liabilities (assets) and records only realized gains or
losses to match the delivery period of the underlying commodity
product.
Natural Gas
At December 31, 2009, TVA had natural
gas hedges with notional volumes equivalent to 152,380,000 (in mmBtu), the
market value of which was a net loss of $107 million. The unrealized
loss of $110 million and unrealized gain of $3 million for the quarter ended
December 31, 2009, were deferred as a regulatory asset and a regulatory
liability, respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2009, TVA
recognized realized losses on natural gas hedges of $55 million, which were
recorded as an increase to purchased power expense.
At September 30, 2009, TVA had natural
gas hedges with notional volumes equivalent to 152,627,500 (in mmBtu), the
market value of which was a net loss of $81 million. The unrealized
loss of $84 million and unrealized gain of $3 million for the year ended
September 30, 2009, were deferred as a regulatory asset and a regulatory
liability, respectively. For the three months ended December 31,
2008, TVA recognized realized losses on natural gas hedges of $69 million, which
were recorded as an increase to purchased power expense.
Fuel Oil/Crude Oil
At December 31, 2009, TVA had notional
volumes of fuel oil/crude oil hedges equivalent to 2,941,000 (in barrels), the
market value of which was a net gain of $22 million. The unrealized
gain of $22 million for the quarter ended December 31, 2009, was deferred as a
regulatory liability. For the three months ended December 31, 2009,
TVA recognized realized gains on fuel oil/crude oil hedges of $5 million, which
were recorded as a reduction of fossil fuel expense.
At September 30, 2009, TVA had notional
volumes of fuel oil/crude oil hedges equivalent to 3,294,000 (in barrels), the
market value of which was a net gain of $13 million. The unrealized loss of $1
million and unrealized gain of $14 million for the year ended September 30,
2009, were deferred as a regulatory asset and a regulatory liability,
respectively. For the three months ended December 31, 2008, TVA
recognized realized losses on fuel oil/crude oil hedges of less than $1 million,
which were recorded as an increase to fossil fuel expense.
Other
Derivative Instruments
Other Commodity
Derivatives
TVA enters into forward contracts that
hedge cash flow exposures to market fluctuations in the price and delivery of
certain commodities including coal, natural gas, fuel oil, crude oil,
electricity, uranium, and construction commodities. TVA expects to
take or make delivery, as appropriate, under these forward
contracts. Accordingly, these contracts qualify for normal purchases
and normal sales accounting.
Investment Fund
Derivatives
Investment funds consist primarily of
funds held in trusts designed to fund nuclear decommissioning requirements,
asset retirement obligations, and the supplemental executive retirement plan
(“SERP”). All securities in the trusts are classified as
trading. See Note 13 for a discussion of the trusts’ objectives and
the types of investments included in the various trusts. Derivative
instruments in these trusts include swaps, futures, options, forwards, and other
instruments. As of December 31, 2009 and September 30, 2009, the fair
value of derivative instruments in these trusts was immaterial.
Collateral
TVA’s
interest rate swaps, two of its currency swaps, and its swaption contain
contract provisions that require a party to post collateral (in a form such as
cash or a letter of credit) when the party’s liability balance under the
agreement exceeds a certain threshold. These derivative instruments
contain provisions which may adjust these thresholds based on the credit rating
of TVA’s debt per Standard & Poor’s Rating Service (“S&P”) or Moody’s
Investors Services, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and TVA’s continued status as a
majority-owned U.S. government entity. If these credit risk-related contingent
features were triggered, TVA could be required by its counterparties to provide
additional collateral on these derivative instruments in net liability
positions.
As of December 31, 2009, the aggregate
fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent
features that were in a liability position was $661 million. TVA’s
collateral obligation as of December 31, 2009, under these arrangements was $5
million, for which TVA had posted $145 million under a letter of
credit. The difference between the obligation and the collateral
amount is due to the timing of the collateral posting. In January
2010, TVA reduced the posted letter of credit to $5 million. These
letter of credit postings reduce the available balance in TVA’s two $1.0 billion
revolving credit facilities. TVA’s assessment of the risk of its
nonperformance includes a reduction in its exposure under the contract as a
result of this posted collateral. If the credit risk-related
contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered at December 31,
2009, TVA would have been required to post up to $516 million of additional
collateral with its counterparties.
Concentration
of Credit
Credit risk is the exposure to economic
loss that would occur as a result of a counterparty’s nonperformance of its
contractual obligations. Where exposed to credit risk, TVA analyzes
the counterparty’s financial condition prior to entering into an agreement,
establishes credit limits, monitors the appropriateness of those limits, as well
as any changes in the creditworthiness of the counterparty on an ongoing basis,
and employs credit mitigation measures, such as collateral or prepayment
arrangements and master purchase and sale agreements, to mitigate credit
risk. The majority of TVA’s credit risk is limited to trade accounts
receivable from delivered power sales to municipal and cooperative distributor
customers, all located in the Tennessee Valley region. To a lesser
extent, TVA is exposed to credit risk from industries and federal agencies
directly served and from exchange power arrangements with a small number of
investor-owned regional utilities related to either delivered power or the
replacement of open positions of longer-term purchased power or fuel
agreements. Outstanding accounts receivable for the top seven
customers at December 31, 2009, were $393 million, or 36 percent of total
outstanding accounts receivable, and at September 30, 2009, were $528 million,
or 41 percent of total outstanding accounts receivable.
TVA is also exposed to credit risk from
the banking and coal industries because multiple companies in these industries
serve as counterparties to TVA in various derivative transactions. As
of December 31, 2009, the swaption and all of TVA’s currency swaps, interest
rates swaps, and commodity derivatives under the FTP were with counterparties
whose Moody’s credit rating was “A2” or higher. As of December 31,
2009, all of the coal tonnage associated with TVA’s coal contract derivatives
was with counterparties whose Moody’s credit rating, or TVA’s internal analysis
when such information was unavailable, was “B2” or higher. To
help ensure a reliable supply of coal, TVA had coal contracts with 19 different
suppliers at December 31, 2009. The contracted supply of coal is
sourced from multiple geographic regions of the United States and is to be
delivered via various transportation methods (e.g., barge, rail, and
truck).
Fair
value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an
asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in TVA’s principal market,
or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the
asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants. TVA uses market or observable inputs as the preferred
source of values, followed by assumptions based on hypothetical transactions in
the absence of market inputs.
Valuation
Techniques
There are three main approaches to
measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) the market approach; (2)
the income approach; and (3) the cost approach. The market approach
uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions
involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income
approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present
value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by
current market expectations about those future amounts of income. The
cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace
an asset. TVA uses the market approach and the income approach in its
fair value measurements.
The valuation techniques used to
measure fair value are based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable
inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable
inputs reflect TVA’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs
create the following fair value hierarchy:
Level
1
|
—
|
Unadjusted
quoted prices in active markets accessible by the reporting entity for
identical assets or liabilities. Active markets are those in
which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient
frequency and volume to provide pricing.
|
|
Level
2
|
—
|
Pricing
inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are based
on observable market data and that are directly or indirectly observable
for substantially the full term of the asset or
liability. These include quoted market prices for similar
assets or liabilities, quoted market prices for identical or similar
assets in markets that are not active, adjusted quoted market prices,
inputs from observable data such as interest rate and yield curves,
volatilities and default rates observable at commonly quoted intervals,
and inputs derived from observable market data by correlation or other
means.
|
|
Level
3
|
—
|
Pricing
inputs that are unobservable, or less observable, from objective
sources. Unobservable inputs are only to be used to the extent
observable inputs are not available. These inputs maintain the
concept of an exit price from the perspective of a market participant and
should reflect assumptions of other market participants. An
entity should consider all market participant assumptions that are
available without unreasonable cost and effort. These are given
the lowest priority and are generally used in internally developed
methodologies to generate management's best estimate of the fair value
when no observable market data is available.
|
A financial instrument's level within
the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input significant to
the fair value measurement, where Level 1 is the highest and Level 3 is the
lowest.
Nonperformance
Risk
The impact of nonperformance risk,
which includes credit risk, considers changes in current market conditions,
readily available information on nonperformance risk, letters of credit,
collateral, other arrangements available, and the nature of master netting
arrangements. TVA is a counterparty to currency swaps, a swaption,
interest rate swaps, commodity contracts, and other derivatives which subject
TVA to nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk on the majority of
investments and certain exchange-traded instruments held by TVA is incorporated
into the exit price that is derived from quoted market data that is used to mark
the investment to market.
Nonperformance risk for most of TVA’s
derivative instruments is an adjustment to the initial asset/liability fair
value. TVA adjusts for nonperformance risk, both of TVA (for
liabilities) and the counterparty (for assets), by applying a credit valuation
adjustment (“CVA”). TVA determines an appropriate CVA for each
applicable financial instrument based on the term of the instrument and TVA’s or
counterparty’s credit rating as obtained from Moody’s. For companies
that do not have an observable credit rating, TVA uses internal analysis to
assign a comparable rating to the company. TVA discounts each
financial instrument using the historical default rate (as reported by Moody’s
for CY 1983 to CY 2008) for companies with a similar credit rating over a time
period consistent with the remaining term of the contract as of December 31,
2009.
The following sections describe the
valuation methodologies TVA uses to measure different financial instruments at
fair value. All changes in fair value of these assets and liabilities
have been reflected as changes in regulatory assets, regulatory liabilities, or
accumulated other comprehensive loss on TVA’s Balance sheets as of
December 31, 2009, and Statements of changes in
proprietary capital for the three months ended December 31,
2009. There has been no impact to the Statements of operations
or the Statements of cash flows related
to these fair value measurements.
Investments
At December 31, 2009, TVA’s investment
funds comprised $1.0 billion of securities classified as trading and measured at
fair value and $2 million of equity investments not required to be measured at
fair value. TVA holds trading securities in its NDT, ART, and
SERP. The NDT holds funds for the ultimate decommissioning of its
nuclear power plants. The ART holds funds for the costs related to
the future closure and retirement of TVA’s long-lived assets. TVA
established a SERP for certain executives in critical positions to provide
supplemental pension benefits tied to compensation that is not creditable under
the qualified pension plan. TVA has historically funded the annual
calculated expense of the SERP. The NDT and SERP are invested in
securities generally designed to achieve a return in line with broad equity
market performance. The ART is presently invested to achieve a return
in line with fixed-income market performance.
The NDT, ART, and SERP are composed of
multiple types of investments. Most U.S. and international equities,
Treasury inflation-protected securities, real estate investment trusts
(“REITs”), cash securities, and certain derivative instruments are
exchange-traded and are classified as Level 1
valuations. Fixed-income investments, high-yield fixed-income
investments, commingled funds, currencies, and most derivative instruments are
classified as Level 2 valuations. These
measurements are based on market and income approaches with observable market
inputs. The application of CVAs did not materially affect the fair
value of TVA’s investments at December 31, 2009.
Gains and losses on trading securities
are recognized in current earnings and are based on average cost. The
gains and losses on the NDT and ART are subsequently reclassified to a
regulatory liability or asset account in accordance with TVA’s regulatory
accounting policy. The NDT had unrealized gains of $20 million for
the three months ended December 31, 2009, and had unrealized losses of $73
million for the three months ended December 31, 2008. The ART had
unrealized gains of less than $1 million for the three months ended December 31,
2009, and had unrealized losses of $1 million for the three months ended
December 31, 2008. The SERP had unrealized gains of $1 million for
the three months ended December 31, 2009, and had unrealized losses of $7
million for the three months ended December 31, 2008.
Currency
Swaps, Swaption, and Interest Rate Swaps
See Note 12 — Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for
Currency Swaps and Derivatives Not Receiving Hedge
Accounting Treatment for a discussion of the nature, purpose, and
contingent features of TVA’s currency swaps, swaption, and interest rate
swaps.
The currency swaps are classified as
Level 2 valuations and are valued based on income approaches with observable
market inputs. The swaption is classified as a Level 3 valuation and
is valued based on an income approach. The valuation is computed
using a broker-provided pricing model utilizing interest and volatility
rates. While most of the fair value measurement is based on
observable inputs, volatility for TVA’s swaption is generally
unobservable. Therefore, the valuation is derived from an observable
volatility measure with adjustments. The interest rate swaps are
classified as Level 2 valuations and are valued based on income
approaches. At December 31, 2009, the application of CVAs resulted in
a decrease of $1 million in the fair value of the swaption and interest rate
swap liabilities, and a decrease of $2 million in the fair values of the
currency swap assets.
Coal
Contract Derivatives and Commodity Derivatives Under TVA’s Financial Trading
Program
See Note 12 — Derivatives Not Receiving Hedge
Accounting Treatment — Coal Contract Derivatives and Commodity Derivatives Under
Financial Trading Program for a discussion of the nature and purpose of
coal contract derivatives and commodity derivatives under TVA’s Financial
Trading Program.
Coal Contract
Derivatives. These contracts are
classified as Level 3 valuations and are valued based on income
approaches. TVA develops an overall coal price forecast using
widely-used short-term market data from an external pricing specialist,
long-term price forecasts developed with the assistance of a third-party
valuation service, and other internal estimates. To value the volume
option component of applicable coal contracts, TVA uses a Black-Scholes pricing
model which includes inputs from the overall coal price forecast,
contract-specific terms, and other market inputs. The application of
CVAs resulted in a decrease of $2 million in the fair value of applicable coal
contract derivatives in an asset position at December 31, 2009, and did not
materially affect the fair value of applicable coal contract derivatives in a
liability position at December 31, 2009.
Commodity Derivatives Under
Financial Trading Program. These contracts are valued based on
market approaches which utilize Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) quoted
prices. Contracts settled on the CME (e.g., futures and options) are
classified as Level 1 valuations. Contracts where nonperformance risk
exists outside of the exit price (e.g., swaps and over-the-counter options) are
measured with the incorporation of CVAs and are classified as Level 2
valuations. The
application of CVAs did not materially affect the fair value of commodity
derivatives under the FTP at December 31, 2009.
The
following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, TVA's
financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring
basis as of December 31, 2009. Financial assets and liabilities have
been classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is
significant to the fair value measurement. TVA's assessment of the
significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires
judgment and may affect the determination of the fair value of the assets and
liabilities and their classification in the fair value hierarchy
levels.
Fair
Value Measurements
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
As
of December 31, 2009
|
As
of September 30, 2009
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets
|
Quoted
Prices in Active Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level
1)
|
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
|
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
|
Netting1
|
Total
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Description
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity
securities
|
$ | 84 | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 85 | $ | 83 | ||||||||||||
Debt
securities-U.S. government corporations and agencies
|
106 | 51 | — | — | 157 | 111 | ||||||||||||||||||
Corporate
debt securities
|
— | 193 | — | — | 193 | 203 | ||||||||||||||||||
Residential
mortgage-backed securities
|
— | 17 | — | — | 17 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commercial
mortgage-backed securities
|
— | 1 | — | — | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized
debt obligations
|
— | 6 | — | — | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commingled
funds2:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity
security commingled funds
|
— | 329 | — | — | 329 | 328 | ||||||||||||||||||
Debt
security commingled funds
|
— | 182 | — | — | 182 | 185 | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign
currency commingled funds
|
— | 11 | — | — | 11 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other
commingled funds
|
— | 35 | — | — | 35 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||
Currency
swaps
|
— | 41 | — | — | 41 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Coal
contract derivatives
|
— | — | 78 | — | 78 | 87 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commodity
derivatives under FTP
|
7 | 20 | — | (5 | ) | 22 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 197 | $ | 887 | $ | 78 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 1,157 | $ | 1,092 | |||||||||||
Liabilities
|
Quoted
Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
|
Significant
Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
|
Significant
Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
|
Netting1
|
Total
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||
Description
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Currency
swaps
|
$ | — | $ | 17 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 17 | $ | 51 | ||||||||||||
Interest
swaps
|
— | 206 | — | — | 206 | 287 | ||||||||||||||||||
Swaption
|
— | — | 455 | — | 455 | 592 | ||||||||||||||||||
Coal
contract derivatives
|
— | — | 72 | — | 72 | 80 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commodity
derivatives under FTP
|
29 | 76 | — | (5 | ) | 100 | 63 | |||||||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 29 | $ | 299 | $ | 527 | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 850 | $ | 1,073 | |||||||||||
Notes
(1) Due
to the right of setoff and method of settlement, TVA elects to record
commodity derivatives under the FTP based on its net commodity position
with the counterparty or broker.
(2) Commingled
funds represent investment funds comprising multiple individual financial
instruments and are classified in the table based on their existing
investment portfolio as of the measurement date. Commingled funds
exclusively composed of one class of security are classified in that
category (e.g., equity, debt, or foreign currency
securities). Commingled funds comprising multiple classes of
securities are classified as “other commingled funds.”
|
The
following table presents a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured
at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level
3) for the three months ended December 31, 2009:
Fair
Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
|
||||||||
Coal
Contract Derivatives
|
Swaption
|
|||||||
Balances
at September 30, 2009
|
$ | 7 | $ | (592 | ) | |||
Unrealized
gains (net) deferred as regulatory liabilities
|
14 | 137 | ||||||
Unrealized
losses related to expected net settlement fees deferred as regulatory
assets
|
(15 | ) | — | |||||
Balances
at December 31, 2009
|
$ | 6 | $ | (455 | ) |
There were no realized gains or losses
related to the instruments measured at fair value using significant unobservable
inputs. All unrealized gains and losses related to these instruments
have been reflected as increases or decreases in regulatory assets and
liabilities.
Other
Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
TVA uses the methods and assumptions described below to estimate the fair value
of each significant class of financial instrument. The fair market
value of the financial instruments held at December 31, 2009 and September 30,
2009, may not be representative of the actual gains or losses that will be
recorded when these instruments mature or are called or presented for early
redemption. The estimated values of TVA’s financial instruments not
recorded at fair value at December 31, 2009 and September 30, 2009, were as
follows:
Estimated
Values of Financial Instruments
|
||||||||||||||||
At
December 31, 2009
|
At
September 30, 2009
|
|||||||||||||||
Carrying
Amount
|
Fair
Value
|
Carrying
Amount
|
Fair
Value
|
|||||||||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$ | 250 | $ | 250 | $ | 201 | $ | 201 | ||||||||
Restricted
cash and investments
|
9 | 9 | — | — | ||||||||||||
Loans
and other long-term receivables
|
81 | 72 | 77 | 68 | ||||||||||||
Short-term
debt, net
|
1,057 | 1,057 | 844 | 844 | ||||||||||||
Long-term
debt (including current portion), net
|
21,886 | 22,919 | 21,796 | 23,757 |
Because of the short-term maturity of
cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments, and short-term debt,
net, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximate their fair
values.
Fair value of long-term debt traded in
the public market is determined by multiplying the par value of the debt by the
indicative market price at the date of the respective balance
sheets.
Fair values for loans and other
long-term receivables are estimated by determining the present value of future
cash flows using discount rates equal to the interest rates for similar loans
made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for similar remaining
maturities, where applicable.
Other income (expense),
net is comprised of the following:
Other
Income (Expense), Net
For
the three months ended December 31
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Interest
income
|
$ | 2 | $ | 3 | ||||
Gains
(losses) on investments
|
1 | (13 | ) | |||||
External
services, net
|
2 | (3 | ) | |||||
Miscellaneous
|
1 | 4 | ||||||
Total
other income (expense), net
|
$ | 6 | $ | (9 | ) |
TVA sponsors a qualified defined
benefit pension plan that covers most of its full-time employees, a qualified
defined contribution plan that covers most of its full-time employees, two
unfunded post-retirement health care plans that provide for non-vested
contributions toward the cost of certain retirees’ medical coverage, other
postemployment benefits such as workers’ compensation, and the
SERP.
The following table provides the
components of net periodic benefit cost for the plans for the three months ended
December 31, 2009 and 2008.
TVA
Benefit Plan
Three
Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||||||||||
Pension
Benefits
|
Other
Benefits
|
|||||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||||||||
Service
cost
|
$ | 25 | $ | 22 | $ | 3 | $ | 2 | ||||||||
Interest
cost
|
128 | 146 | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Expected
return on plan assets
|
(132 | ) | (136 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||
Amortization
of prior service cost (credit)
|
(6 | ) | 9 | 2 | 1 | |||||||||||
Recognized
net actuarial loss
|
51 | 4 | 4 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Net
periodic benefit cost as actuarially determined
|
66 | 45 | 18 | 14 | ||||||||||||
Amount
charged (capitalized) due to actions of regulator
|
7 |
(21)
|
— | — | ||||||||||||
Net
periodic benefit cost recognized
|
$ | 73 | $ | 24 | $ | 18 | $ | 14 |
During
the three months ended December 31, 2009, TVA did not make contributions to its
pension plans. TVA does not separately set aside assets to fund other
benefit costs, but rather funds such costs on an as-paid basis. TVA
provided approximately $11 million and $10 million for other benefit costs
during the three months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. Net amounts capitalized due to actions of regulator
include amounts that have been deemed probable of recovery in future
rates.
TVA made
a contribution to the defined benefit pension plan on September 24, 2009, of
$1.0 billion as an advance on its contributions through
2013. Currently, TVA does not expect to make additional contributions
to this plan in 2010.
From time to time, TVA is a party to or
otherwise involved in lawsuits, claims, proceedings, investigations, and other
legal matters (“Legal Proceedings”) that have arisen in the ordinary course of
conducting TVA’s activities, as a result of catastrophic events or
otherwise. These Legal Proceedings include the matters discussed
below. TVA had accrued approximately $13 million with respect to
Legal Proceedings as of December 31, 2009. No assurance can be given
that TVA will not be subject to significant additional claims and
liabilities. If actual liabilities significantly exceed the estimates
made, TVA’s results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition could be
materially adversely affected.
Legal Proceedings Related to
Kingston Ash Pond Spill. Fifty-seven lawsuits based on the
Kingston ash spill have been filed, and one of these has been voluntarily
dismissed. All of the remaining cases are pending in the United
States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. The
lawsuits, four of which are proposed class actions, have been filed by
residents, businesses, and property owners in the Kingston area. The
plaintiffs generally allege various causes of action based in tort – including
nuisance and strict liability – and inverse condemnation, and generally seek
unspecified compensatory and punitive damages, court orders to clean up the
plaintiffs’ properties and surrounding properties, and other
relief. With regard to the proposed class actions and certain other
suits, TVA has filed several pending motions, including motions to dismiss some
or all of the claims. With regard to the remaining suits, TVA has
either filed its answers to the complaints or is currently preparing its
responses. TVA is the sole defendant in all suits but one proposed
class action, and the plaintiffs in that case have named several TVA employees
as defendants. TVA has moved to dismiss these employees from the
case.
TVA has received several notices of
intent to sue under various environmental statutes from both individuals and
environmental groups.
In addition, TVA has received
substantial other claims from private individuals and companies allegedly
affected by the ash spill, and may receive additional claims.
Case Brought by North
Carolina Alleging Public Nuisance. On January 30, 2006, North
Carolina filed suit against TVA in the United States District Court for the
Western District of North Carolina alleging that TVA’s operation of its
coal-fired power plants in Tennessee, Alabama, and Kentucky constitutes a public
nuisance. North Carolina sought caps on emissions of certain
pollutants from TVA’s coal-fired plants that were equivalent to caps on
emissions imposed by North Carolina law on North Carolina’s two largest electric
utilities. On January 13, 2009, the court held that emissions from
Bull Run Fossil Plant (“Bull Run”), Kingston, and John Sevier Fossil Plant
(“John Sevier”), all located in Tennessee, and Widows Creek Fossil Plant
(“Widows Creek”), located in Alabama, constitute a public
nuisance. The court declined to order any relief as to the remainder
of TVA’s coal-fired plants, holding that their emissions did not significantly
impact North Carolina.
The court ordered that:
|
•
|
The
flue gas scrubbers and selective catalytic reduction systems (“SCRs”)
currently operating at Bull Run be properly maintained and operated year
round.
|
|
•
|
The
scrubbers under construction at Kingston be completed by December 31,
2010, and that Kingston’s scrubbers and SCRs be properly maintained and
operated year-round.
|
|
•
|
Scrubbers
and SCRs be installed and in operation for all four units at John Sevier
by December 31, 2011.
|
|
•
|
TVA
complete its plan to modernize the two existing scrubbers at Widows Creek,
and install scrubbers and SCRs at Widows Creek Units 1-6 by December 31,
2013.
|
|
•
|
The
plants meet specified emission rates and annual tonnage caps for nitrogen
oxides (“NOx”) and
sulfur dioxide (“SO2”)
after the applicable operation dates for the
scrubbers.
|
|
•
|
TVA’s
Chief Executive Officer make semi-annual reports to the court of TVA’s
progress in complying with the
order.
|
TVA currently estimates that the
total cost of taking all of the actions required by the court would be
approximately $1.7 billion in 2009 through 2014. Of this amount, TVA
spent $10 million during 2009. TVA was planning to spend
approximately $600 million before the court issued its order. The
$1.1 billion that TVA was not planning to spend before the court issued its
order represents the clean air capital costs for Widows Creek Units 1-6 and the
costs for accelerating the installation of controls at John
Sevier. While Bull Run, Kingston, and Widows Creek Units 7-8 were
named in the court order, the clean air controls required by the order for these
units are already complete or near completion; accordingly, the order did not
affect the capital costs for these units. Compliance with the court’s
order could also have other cost impacts, including impacts on fuel expense,
variable operation and maintenance expense, and fixed operation and maintenance
expense, and those costs are under evaluation.
On May 29, 2009, TVA appealed the
district court’s decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth
Circuit (“Fourth Circuit”).
Case Involving Alleged
Violations of the New Source Review Regulations at Bull
Run. The National Parks Conservation Association and the
Sierra Club filed suit against TVA on February 13, 2001, in the United States
District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, alleging that TVA did not
comply with the New Source Review (“NSR”) requirements of the Clean Air Act
(“CAA”) when TVA repaired Bull Run. The trial was completed the week
of July 7, 2009. TVA has installed the control equipment that the
plaintiffs seek to require TVA to install in this case, and it is unlikely that
an adverse decision will result in substantial additional costs to TVA at Bull
Run. An adverse decision, however, could lead to additional
litigation and could cause TVA to install additional emission control systems
such as scrubbers and SCRs on units where they are not currently installed,
under construction, or planned to be installed.
Case Involving the General
Waste Products Sites. In July 2008, a third-party complaint
under CERCLA was filed against TVA in the District Court for the Southern
District of Indiana, alleging that TVA and several other defendants (General
Waste Products, General Electric Company, Indianapolis Power and Light, National
Tire and Battery, Old Ben Coal Co., Solar Sources Inc., Whirlpool, White County
Coal, PSI, Tell City Electric Department, Frontier Kemper, Speed Queen, Allan
Trockman (the former operator of the site), and the City of Evansville) disposed
of hazardous materials at two General Waste Products sites in Evansville,
Indiana. TVA was named in the complaint based on allegations that TVA
arranged for the disposal of contaminated materials at the sites. The
complaint also includes a claim under state law for the release of hazardous
materials. This action was brought by a group of potentially
responsible parties in order to require the third-party defendants to contribute
to, or pay for, the remediation of the sites. As of December 31,
2009, the total remediation cost for both sites was expected to exceed $10
million. A subpoena sent to TVA in 2003 by the owner of the sites
reflects that the primary issues involve lead from batteries and polychlorinated
biphenyls (“PCBs”) from transformers, but TVA has found no records indicating
that it arranged for disposal of these types of hazardous substances at the
sites. Trial is scheduled to begin on July 12, 2010.
Proceedings Regarding
Bellefonte Nuclear Plant Units 1 and 2. On March 9, 2009, in
response to a request by TVA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”) issued
an order reinstating the construction permits for Bellefonte Nuclear Plant
(“Bellefonte”) Units 1 and 2 and returning Bellefonte to a terminated
status. On March 30, 2009, the Blue Ridge Environmental Defense
League (“BREDL”) filed a petition in the United States Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit (“D.C. Circuit”) asking the court to review the
NRC’s decision to reinstate the construction permits. On May 8, 2009,
BREDL, the Bellefonte Efficiency and Sustainability Team (“BEST”), and the
Southern Alliance of Clean Energy (“SACE”) filed a petition to intervene in the
NRC license proceeding, requested a hearing, and raised several contentions
regarding reinstatement of the construction permits. Holding their
other contentions in abeyance, the NRC directed the petitioners, TVA, and NRC
staff to submit briefs addressing the threshold question of the NRC’s statutory
authority to reinstate the construction permits. On June 11, 2009,
the D.C. Circuit issued an order holding the case in abeyance pending further
order of the court. In August 2009, TVA notified the NRC that TVA had
put the necessary programs, policies, and procedures in place to warrant
transitioning Units 1 and 2 from terminated to deferred status, and asked the
NRC to authorize placement of the units in deferred status. On
January 14, 2010, the NRC informed TVA that the NRC’s review and inspections
confirmed that Bellefonte Units 1 and 2 are now in deferred plant status under
the reinstated construction permits.
Administrative Proceeding
Regarding Bellefonte Units 3 and 4. TVA submitted its Combined
Construction and Operating License Application for two Advanced Passive 1000
reactors at Bellefonte Units 3 and 4 to the NRC in October 2007. On
June 6, 2008, BEST, BREDL, and SACE submitted to the NRC a joint petition for
intervention and a request for a hearing. The petition raised 20
potential contentions with respect to TVA’s Combined Construction and Operating
License Application. The Atomic Safety and Licensing Board (“ASLB”)
presiding over the proceeding subsequently denied standing to BEST and accepted
four of the 20 contentions submitted by BREDL and SACE. Although the NRC
later dismissed two of these admitted contentions, a hearing on the remaining
two contentions will be conducted in the future. The two remaining
contentions involve questions about the estimated costs of the new nuclear plant
and the impact of the facility's operations, in particular the plant intake, on
aquatic species.
Administrative Proceeding
Regarding Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Unit 2. On July 13, 2009,
SACE, the Tennessee Environmental Council, the Sierra Club, We the People, and
BREDL filed a request for a hearing and petition to intervene in the NRC
administrative process reviewing TVA’s application for an operating license for
Watts Bar Nuclear Plant (“Watts Bar”) Unit 2. The petitioners raised
seven contentions related to TVA’s environmental review of the project and the
NRC’s basis for confidence in the availability of safe storage options for spent
nuclear fuel. TVA and the NRC staff responded to these contentions in
August 2009, arguing that none met the standards for admissibility under the
NRC’s regulations. On November 19, 2009, the ASLB granted SACE’s
request for hearing, admitted two of SACE’s seven contentions for hearing, and
denied the request for hearing submitted on behalf of the other four
petitioners. The two contentions admitted by the ASLB involve
questions related to the failure to list and discuss compliance with required
permits and aquatic impacts. The other four petitioners are appealing
the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board decision to deny them further opportunity
to participate in the proceeding.
Case Arising out of
Hurricane Katrina. In April 2006, TVA was added as a defendant
to a class action lawsuit brought in the United States District Court for the
Southern District of Mississippi by 14 Mississippi residents allegedly injured
by Hurricane Katrina. The plaintiffs sued seven large oil companies
and an oil company trade association, three large chemical companies and a
chemical trade association, and 31 large companies involved in the mining and/or
burning of coal. The plaintiffs allege that the defendants’
greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions contributed to global warming and were a
proximate and direct cause of Hurricane Katrina’s increased destructive
force. The plaintiffs are seeking monetary damages among other
relief. The district court dismissed the case on the grounds that the
plaintiffs lacked standing. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal to
the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (“Fifth
Circuit”). In October 2009, the Fifth Circuit decided that the
plaintiffs have standing to assert their public and private nuisance, trespass,
and negligence claims, and that none of these claims present political
questions, but also concluded that their unjust enrichment, fraudulent
misrepresentation, and civil conspiracy claims must be dismissed for standing
reasons. Accordingly, the Fifth Circuit reversed the district court’s
judgment in part, dismissed the plaintiffs’ suit in part, and remanded the case
to the district court for further proceedings. TVA and the other
defendants filed a petition seeking a rehearing by the entire Fifth
Circuit.
Global Warming Cases,
Southern District of New York. On July 21, 2004, two lawsuits
were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New
York against TVA and other companies that generate power from fossil-fuel
electric generating facilities alleging that global warming is a public nuisance
and that carbon dioxide (“CO2”)
emissions from fossil-fuel electric generating facilities should be ordered
abated because they contribute to causing the nuisance. The first
case was filed by various states (California, Connecticut, Iowa, New Jersey, New
York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin) and the City of New York against TVA
and other power suppliers. The second case, which also alleges
private nuisance, was filed against the same defendants by Open Space Institute,
Inc., Open Space Conservancy, Inc., and the Audubon Society of New
Hampshire. The plaintiffs seek a court order requiring each defendant
to cap its CO2 emissions
and then reduce these emissions by an unspecified percentage each year for at
least a decade. In September 2005, the district court dismissed both
lawsuits because they raised political questions that should not be decided by
the courts. The plaintiffs appealed to the United States Court of
Appeals for the Second Circuit (“Second Circuit”). On September 21,
2009, the Second Circuit reversed the district court’s decision, holding, among
other things, that the claims can be heard by the courts and do not raise
political questions. The Second Circuit remanded the cases to the
district court for further proceedings. On November 5, 2009, TVA and
the other defendants filed a petition seeking a rehearing by the entire Second
Circuit.
Paradise Fossil Plant Clean
Air Act Permit. On December 21, 2007, the Sierra Club, the
Center for Biological Diversity, Kentucky Heartwood, Preston Forsythe, and
Hilary Lambert filed a petition with the EPA raising objections to the
conditions of TVA’s current CAA permit at Paradise Fossil Plant
(“Paradise”). Among other things, the petitioners allege that
activities at Paradise triggered the NSR requirements for NOx and that
the monitoring of opacity at Units 1 and 2 of the plant is
deficient. In an order issued in July 2009, the EPA agreed that the
permit failed to include a proper analysis of NOx for the
plant’s three main boilers, that the permit failed to require adequate
monitoring systems for opacity and NOx, and that
the monitoring of soot emissions from the coal washing and handling plant was
inadequate. TVA’s permit at Paradise is issued by the Kentucky
Division for Air Quality (“KDAQ”), and if it is changed, it must be changed by
KDAQ. In November 2009, KDAQ determined that the actions at Paradise
had not triggered NSR requirements and reissued the operating permit without
including NSR compliance milestones. Judicial review of KDAQ’s
decision about the permit is a possibility. The current permit
continues to remain in effect.
Information Request from the
EPA. On April 25, 2008, TVA received a request from the EPA
under section 114 of the CAA requesting extensive information about projects at
and the operations of 14 of TVA’s 59 coal-fired units. These 14 units
are located in Alabama, Kentucky, and Tennessee. TVA has responded to
this request. This request for information is similar to but broader
than section 114 requests that other companies have received during the EPA’s
NSR enforcement initiative. TVA cannot predict whether the EPA will
consider the maintenance, capital improvement, or other activities at these 14
units to have violated NSR requirements because of the uncertain interpretation
of this program and recent court decisions. If violations are
confirmed, TVA could be required to install new pollution control equipment in
addition to the modifications that have already been completed or planned, and
TVA could become liable for other payments or penalties. The EPA’s
request could be the first step in an administrative proceeding against TVA that
could then result in litigation in the courts.
Notice of Violation at
Widows Creek Unit 7. On July 16, 2007, TVA received a Notice
of Violation (“NOV”) from the EPA alleging, among other violations, that TVA
failed to properly maintain ductwork at Widows Creek Unit 7. TVA
repaired the ductwork in 2005. While the NOV does not set out an
administrative penalty, it is likely that the EPA may seek a monetary sanction
through giving up emission allowances, paying an administrative penalty, or
both. On March 5, 2008, TVA and Alabama entered into an agreed order
in which TVA agreed to pay the state $100,000. TVA is unable to
estimate the amount of potential monetary sanctions from the EPA for which TVA
may be liable in connection with the NOV.
Kingston NPDES Permit
Appeal. The Sierra Club has challenged the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”) permit issued by Tennessee for the
scrubber-gypsum pond discharge at Kingston. This is the second such
challenge nationally. In addition to its allegation that Tennessee
violated the Clean Water Act by failing to set specific limits on certain toxic
pollutants, the Sierra Club alleges that no discharges from the pond
infrastructure should be allowed because zero-discharge scrubbers
exist. The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation is
the defendant in the challenge, which is scheduled to be heard by the Tennessee
Water Quality Control Board in March 2010. The other similar
challenge involves an Allegheny Power NPDES permit for its scrubber discharge at
a Pennsylvania plant.
Employment
Proceedings. TVA is engaged in various administrative and
legal proceedings arising from employment disputes. These matters are
governed by federal law and involve issues typical of those encountered in the
ordinary course of business of a utility. They may include
allegations of discrimination or retaliation (including retaliation for raising
nuclear safety or environmental concerns), wrongful termination, and failure to
pay overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Adverse outcomes in
these proceedings would not normally be material to TVA’s results of operations,
liquidity, and financial condition, although it is possible that some outcomes
could require TVA to change how it handles certain personnel matters or operates
its plants.
TVA
evaluated events subsequent to December 31, 2009 through February 3, 2010, which
represents the date the financial statements were filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
(Dollars
in millions except where noted)
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(“MD&A”) explains the results of operations and general financial condition
of TVA. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the
accompanying financial statements and TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended September 30, 2009 (the “Annual Report”).
TVA
continued to experience significant challenges in the first quarter of
2010. Persistent economic weakness in the TVA service area
contributed to a nearly four percent reduction in power sales as compared to the
first quarter of 2009. TVA expects power sales for 2010 to be below
2009 levels. Revenues decreased nearly 24 percent in the first
quarter of 2010 compared to the first quarter of 2009, primarily due to the
overcollection of the fuel cost adjustment (“FCA”) during 2009, which resulted
from market commodity prices being lower than forecasted. The
overcollection is being applied against revenues in 2010 in the form of FCA rate
decreases. Lower revenue was mitigated in part by a base rate
increase of eight percent that became effective on October 1,
2009. The rate increase is expected to provide an estimated $800
million of additional revenue for 2010. Net income for the three
months ended December 31, 2009, was $150 million as compared to a net loss of
$305 million for the same period in the prior year. The loss in the
first quarter of 2009 included $525 million of expenses related to the ash spill
at the Kingston Fossil Plant (“Kingston”) in December 2008, which was
subsequently reclassified as a regulatory asset with approval of the TVA Board
of Directors (“TVA Board”).
As
discussed in the Annual Report and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, the
cleanup and recovery efforts related to the Kingston ash spill and the January
2009 U.S. District Court order requiring TVA to decrease emissions from four of
its coal-fired power plants are expected to require significant expenditures by
TVA over a short period of time. TVA also faces large capital
requirements to maintain its power system infrastructure and invest in new power
assets, including cleaner energy sources such as Unit 2 at Watts Bar Nuclear
Plant and several combined cycle facilities. TVA believes it is
likely that laws or regulations will be passed in the near future that will
require electric utilities to reduce greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions and obtain
a specified portion of their power supply from renewable
resources. Operation of some of TVA’s generating plants may not be
economical in the future, particularly if new environmental laws or regulations
are passed. TVA is also planning to end the wet storage of fly ash,
bottom ash, and gypsum at its coal-fired plants, an effort that will involve
significant investment. Consistent with these expectations, TVA’s
capital budget for 2010 includes expenditures for construction of environmental
controls, new generation sources, and coal combustion product dry storage
facilities. TVA expects to meet its financial requirements in 2010
with power revenue, cost reductions, and additional borrowing.
TVA has
experienced positive developments in 2010 as a result of the
weather. Drought conditions in TVA’s service area began to ease with
above normal rainfall pattern at the end of 2009 that continued into the first
quarter of 2010. Rainfall in the eastern Tennessee Valley was 134
percent of normal for the period October 1 to December 31, 2009, while runoff
was 224 percent of normal. As a result, TVA was able to increase
lower cost hydroelectric generation by 161 percent, or 3,511 gigawatt hours
(“GWh”), in the first quarter of 2010 as compared to the first quarter of
2009. Fossil generation decreased 30 percent from the first quarter
of 2009 to the first quarter of 2010. The decrease in fossil
generation was due to increased use of more economical hydroelectric power and
decreased demand during the period.
As a
result of a cold wave during the first week of January 2010, TVA set a number of
energy demand records. A new total daily energy demand record of 701
GWh was set on January 8, 2010, and a total weekly energy demand record of 4,633
GWh was set for the seven-day period ended January 10, 2010-- an average demand
of 27,577 megawatts (“MW”) for the entire week. During this period of
peak demand, purchased power constituted approximately 19 percent of TVA’s
load. The additional electricity demand that occurred during this
period helped TVA catch up to its kWh sales projection.
Average
prices for purchased power and natural gas declined by 35 percent and 40
percent, respectively, in the first quarter of 2010 as compared to the same
period of 2009. TVA’s FCA rate declined in October, November, and
December 2009 due in part to the higher hydroelectric generation and lower fuel
and purchased power costs, which benefited TVA’s customers. The rate
continued to decline during January and February 2010.
Financial
market conditions continued to gradually improve during the first quarter of
2010. Investments in TVA’s nuclear decommissioning trust, asset
retirement trust, and pension funds all experienced gains during the first
quarter of 2010.
The
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”) announced on January 14, 2009, that it
approved TVA’s request to change the status of the unfinished Bellefonte Nuclear
Plant (“Bellefonte”) Units 1 and 2 to deferred status. Restoring
deferred plant status does not mean construction will begin at
Bellefonte. Other evaluations are in progress, including evaluations
regarding engineering and construction scope, cost, and schedule; environmental
impacts; and power-supply needs. The TVA Board will consider the
results from these evaluations while making a final determination regarding
plant construction.
Kingston
Ash Spill
TVA
continues cleanup and recovery efforts related to the Kingston ash spill in
conjunction with federal and state agencies. Under the May 11, 2009,
Administrative Order and Agreement on Consent (“Order and Agreement”) entered
into by TVA and the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(“CERCLA”), TVA retains its status as a lead federal agency, but TVA's work is
subject to review and approval by the EPA, in consultation with the Tennessee
Department of Environment and Conservation (“TDEC”). Under the Order
and Agreement, response actions are classified into three categories:
time-critical removal; non-time-critical removal; and remedial
actions. Generally, removal of the ash from the Emory River is
time-critical. TVA estimates that this work will be completed in
2010. Removal of the remaining ash is considered to be
non-time-critical. TVA estimates that this work will be completed in
2013. Once the removal actions are completed, TVA will be required to
assess the site and determine whether any additional actions may be needed at
Kingston or the surrounding impacted area. This assessment and any
additional activities found to be necessary are considered the remedial
actions.
TVA has
recorded an estimate in the amount of $933 million for the cost of cleanup
related to this event. With the approval of the TVA Board in August
2009, the amount was reclassified as a regulatory asset during the fourth
quarter of 2009 and will be charged to expense as it is collected in future
rates over 15 years. In October 2009, TVA began collecting $16
million per quarter in rates for these costs. As work progresses and
more information is available, TVA may revise the estimated cost of the cleanup,
which will impact the regulatory asset and the amount collected in rates in the
future.
TVA has
not included the following categories of costs in the above estimate since it
has determined that these costs are currently not probable, not reasonably
estimable, or not appropriately accounted for as part of the estimate accrual:
fines or regulatory directives, settlements, outcome of lawsuits, future claims,
long-term environmental impact costs, final long-term disposition of ash
processing area, associated capital asset purchases, ash handling and
disposition from current plant operations, costs of remediating any discovered
mixed waste during ash removal process, and other costs not meeting the
recognition criteria. As ash removal continues, it is possible that
other environmentally sensitive material potentially in the river sediment
before the ash spill may be uncovered. If other materials are
identified, additional remediation not included in the above estimates may be
required. See Note 7.
TVA has
contracted with laboratories to review various samples collected at the Kingston
fly ash release site. The low volume airborne particulate analyses
performed by one of these laboratories were not consistent with a required EPA
protocol. As a result, these analyses performed by the laboratory
from September 2009 to mid-January 2010 may be unreliable. The EPA
also noted in a January 25, 2010 memorandum that “[o]ther data collected as part
of the overall air monitoring strategy, however, indicate that public health was
protected during the time period in question.”
Case
Brought by North Carolina Alleging Public Nuisance
TVA is
involved in a lawsuit filed by the State of North Carolina in connection with
emissions from TVA’s coal-fired power plants. TVA already has made
capital expenditures to decrease emissions from some of the facilities, but the
U.S. District Court for Eastern District of North Carolina has ordered
significant additional investments and compliance in a time frame that is
shorter than TVA had originally planned. TVA’s current estimate of
costs to comply with the court order is $1.7 billion, of which $1.1 billion
would be for previously unplanned investment. Management is
evaluating alternatives which could change these amounts in the
future. TVA has appealed the court’s decision.
Coal
Combustion Product Facilities
TVA
retained an independent third-party engineering firm to perform a multi-phased
evaluation of the overall stability and safety of all existing embankments
associated with TVA’s coal combustion product (“CCP”) facilities. The
first phase of the evaluation involved a detailed inspection of all CCP
facilities, a detailed documentation review, and a determination of any
immediate actions necessary to reduce risks. The second phase of the
evaluation, which is ongoing, includes geotechnical explorations, stability
analysis, studies, and risk mitigation steps such as performance monitoring,
designing repairs, developing planning documents, obtaining permits, and
implementing the lessons learned from the Kingston ash spill at TVA’s other CCP
facilities. As a part of this effort, an ongoing monitoring program
with third-party oversight is being implemented, and TVA employees are receiving
additional training in dam safety and monitoring.
TVA is
converting its wet fly ash, bottom ash, and gypsum facilities to dry collection
facilities and remediating or eliminating the CCP facilities that were
classified as “High” risk during the preliminary reassessment. The
classifications, such as “High,” do not measure the structural integrity of the
facility or the possibility of whether a failure could occur. Rather,
they are designed to identify where loss of life or significant economic or
environmental damage could occur in the event of a failure. The expected
cost of the CCP work is between $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion, and the work is
expected to take between eight and 10 years.
Browns
Ferry Nuclear Plant
On
January 20, 2010, the NRC issued a fire protection inspection report for TVA’s
Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant. The report identified three apparent
violations related to Browns Ferry’s fire protection program of greater than
very low safety significance. Two of the apparent violations
primarily had to do with a failure to ensure that some cables associated with
equipment required for safe shutdown, and maintain a safe shutdown condition,
were not adequately protected in the event of fire as specified in the NRC’s
regulations. The third apparent violation involved an inappropriate
revision to Browns Ferry’s post fire safe shutdown-related instructions could
have delayed a proper response to a fire event.
The NRC
determined that none of the apparent violations presented an immediate safety
concern because TVA has implemented compensatory measures to protect the plant
in the event of a fire while longer-term corrective actions are being
implemented. TVA plans to meet with the NRC during the second quarter
of 2010 and discuss its perspective on the facts and assumptions used by NRC to
arrive at the findings, as well as their significance, before NRC makes any
final determination. Afterwards, the NRC could issue notices of
violation, and, in addition to the cost of the corrective
actions, TVA could be subject to increased inspections from the
NRC.
Seven
States Power Corporation Obligation
Seven
States Power Corporation (“Seven States”), through its subsidiary, Seven States
Southaven, LLC (“SSSL”), exercised Seven States’s option to purchase an
undivided 90 percent interest in a combined cycle combustion turbine facility in
Southaven, Mississippi. As part of interim joint-ownership
arrangements, Seven States has the right at any time during the interim period,
and for any reason, to require TVA to buy back the Seven States interest in the
facility. TVA will buy back the Seven States interest if long-term
operational and power sales arrangements for the facility among TVA, Seven
States, and SSSL, or alternative arrangements, are not in place by April 30,
2010. TVA’s buy-back obligation will terminate if such long-term arrangements
are in place by that date or may be extended to a later date if alternative
arrangements are put in place. In the event of a buy-back, TVA would re-acquire
the Seven States interest in the facility and the related assets. As of February
3, 2010, long-term arrangements are not in place. TVA, Seven States, and SSSL,
however, are discussing alternative arrangements that would extend TVA’s
buy-back obligation, which was $412 million as of December 31, 2009, to a later
date even if long-term arrangements are not in place by April 30,
2010.
Organization
Effectiveness Initiative
Following the Kingston ash spill, the
TVA Board directed management to develop a plan to improve TVA’s control
systems, operating standards, and corporate culture. TVA has embarked
on an agency-wide organization effectiveness initiative to transform TVA into a
more effective and accountable operation. Organizational design
changes were made in the first quarter of 2010 and further changes are expected
as implementation of the initiative continues. Management expects
that the initiative will result in a more effective operating structure and
potential cost savings for TVA in the future.
Renewable
and Clean Energy
In accordance with TVA’s 2008
Environmental Policy, TVA is working towards obtaining 50 percent of its power
supply from clean or renewable sources by 2020. TVA defines its clean
energy portfolio as energy that has a zero or near-zero carbon dioxide (“CO2”) emission
rate, such as nuclear, and renewables
such as energy production that is sustainable and often naturally
replenished.
In
October 2009, TVA entered into two 20-year contracts for the purchase of up to
450 MW of renewable wind energy from wind farms located in North Dakota and
South Dakota. Power under these contracts is scheduled to be
delivered beginning in CY 2012. In November 2009, TVA
entered into two additional 20-year contracts for the purchase of renewable wind
energy. The two contracts are expected to provide a total of up to
350 MW from wind projects located in Illinois, both beginning in January
2012. In December 2009, TVA entered into two more 20-year contracts
for the purchase of renewable wind energy. One of these contracts
will provide up to 165 MW of wind energy from a wind project in Kansas,
beginning as early as January 2012. The other contract is for the
delivery of up to 300 MW from Illinois, starting in mid-2010. Construction is
scheduled or under way on all of these projects. With the execution
of these contracts, TVA now has up to an additional 1,265 MW of wind power under
contract. Power
delivery is subject to applicable environmental requirements and firm
transmission paths being secured.
Sources
of Liquidity
TVA uses various sources of liquidity
to meet short-term cash needs and contingencies. TVA’s primary
sources of liquidity are cash from operations and proceeds from the issuance of
short-term and long-term debt. TVA’s current liabilities exceed
current assets because accounts payable significantly exceed accounts receivable
and because TVA uses short-term debt to fund short-term cash needs and scheduled
maturities of long-term debt. The majority of TVA’s balance of cash
on hand is typically invested in short-term investments. The daily
balance of cash and cash equivalents maintained is based on near-term
expectations for cash expenditures and funding needs.
Despite
volatility in financial markets in 2008 and 2009, TVA has not experienced
difficulty in issuing short-term discount notes, or in refunding maturing
debt. Credit market conditions have improved in recent
periods. However, disruptions in the short-term discount note credit
markets have the potential to impact TVA because TVA uses short-term discount
notes to meet working capital needs. TVA experienced strong demand
for its short-term discount notes during the quarter ended December 31, 2009,
and was able to issue short-term discount notes at competitive rates. TVA
expects continued demand for its short-term discount notes.
In
addition to cash from operations and proceeds from the issuance of short-term
and long-term debt, TVA’s sources of liquidity include a $150 million credit
facility with the U.S. Treasury, two credit facilities totaling $2.0 billion
with a national bank, and occasional proceeds from other financing arrangements
including call monetization transactions, sales of assets, and sales of
receivables and loans. Management expects these sources to provide
adequate liquidity to TVA for the foreseeable future. Certain sources
of liquidity are discussed below.
Issuance of
Debt. TVA
issues power bonds with maturities of one to 50 years, primarily to refinance
previously-issued power bonds as they mature. During the quarter
ended December 31, 2009, TVA issued $82 million of electronotes® with
an interest rate of 4.375 percent. See Note 10 for more information
related to TVA’s debt activities.
Credit Facility
Agreements. Pursuant to the TVA Act, TVA and the U.S. Treasury
have entered into a memorandum of understanding under which the U.S. Treasury
provides TVA with a $150 million credit facility. This credit
facility matures on September 30, 2010, and is expected to be
renewed. Access to this credit facility or other similar financing
arrangements has been available to TVA since the 1960s. TVA plans to
use the U.S. Treasury credit facility as a secondary source of liquidity.
The interest rate on any borrowing under this facility is based on the average
rate on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States with maturities
from date of issue of one year or less. TVA did not borrow under the
facility during the first quarter of 2010, and there were no outstanding
borrowings under the facility at December 31, 2009.
TVA also
has short-term funding available in the form of two short-term revolving credit
facilities of $1.0 billion each. These credit facilities will mature
on May 12, 2010, and November 8, 2010. The credit facilities
accommodate the issuance of letters of credit. The interest rate on
any borrowing and the fees on any letter of credit under these facilities are
variable based on market factors and the rating of TVA’s senior unsecured
long-term non-credit enhanced debt. TVA is required to pay an unused
facility fee on the portion of the total $2.0 billion which TVA has not borrowed
or committed under letters of credit. The fee may fluctuate depending
on the non-enhanced credit ratings on TVA’s senior unsecured long-term
debt. At December 31, 2009, there were $145 million of letters of
credit outstanding under the facilities, and there were no outstanding
borrowings. TVA anticipates renewing each credit facility as it
matures. See Note 10 — Short-Term Debt.
Call Monetization
Transactions. From time to time TVA
has entered into swaption transactions to monetize the value of call provisions
on certain of its Bond issues. A swaption grants a third party the
right to enter into a swap agreement with TVA under which TVA receives a
floating rate of interest and pays the third party a fixed rate of interest
equal to the interest rate on the Bond issue whose call provision TVA
monetized. As a result of an inversion of the swap yield curve and
volatility in global financial markets, coupled with a decrease in swap rates to
historically low rates, beginning December 1, 2008, TVA was required
to post collateral with a counterparty under the terms of a swaption
agreement ($1 billion notional). At December 31, 2009, the value of
the swaption was such that TVA had posted a $145 million letter of credit for
benefit for the counterparty.
Summary Cash
Flows. A
summary of cash flow components for the three months ended December 31, 2009 and
2008, follows:
Summary
Cash Flows
For
the Three Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Cash
provided by (used in):
|
||||||||
Operating
activities
|
$ | 441 | $ | 769 | ||||
Investing
activities
|
(663 | ) | (1,062 | ) | ||||
Financing
activities
|
271 | 233 | ||||||
Net
change in cash and cash equivalents
|
$ | 49 | $ | (60 | ) |
Operating
Activities. Net cash flows
from operating activities decreased $328 million to $441 million from $769
million for the three months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. This decrease resulted primarily from a decrease in
operating revenues primarily due to FCA rate decreases. See Results of
Operations.
Investing
Activities. Net cash flows used in investing activities
decreased $399 million to $663 million from $1.1 billion for the three months
ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease
primarily reflects the absence of collateral posted by TVA with a counterparty
during the first quarter of 2009 pursuant to the terms of a swap agreement and a
$42 million decrease in expenditures for the enrichment and fabrication of
nuclear fuel related to the normal year-to-year variability resulting from the
timing of refueling outages at the nuclear plants. The decrease was
partially offset by a $113 million increase in capital investments.
Financing
Activities. Net cash flows provided by financing activities
increased $38 million to $271 million from $233 million for the three months
ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase was
primarily due to an increase in issuances of electronotes® of
$43 million in the first quarter of 2010 compared with the same quarter of the
prior year.
Cash
Requirements and Contractual Obligations
The
estimated cash requirements and contractual obligations for TVA as of December
31, 2009, are detailed in the following table.
Commitments
and Contingencies
Payments
due in the year ending September 30
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 1 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
Thereafter
|
Total
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Debt2
|
$ | 1,061 | $ | 1,008 | $ | 1,523 | $ | 2,308 | $ | 32 | $ | 17,193 | $ | 23,125 | ||||||||||||||
Interest
payments relating to debt
|
877 | 1,230 | 1,201 | 1,057 | 972 | 17,213 | 22,550 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Lease
obligations
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital
|
454 | 54 | 6 | — | — | 3 | 517 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cancelable
operating
|
42 | 43 | 37 | 33 | 29 | 195 | 379 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Purchase
obligations
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Power
|
210 | 272 | 257 | 203 | 197 | 6,195 | 7,334 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fuel
|
1,770 | 1,561 | 1,018 | 928 | 802 | 1,765 | 7,844 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other
|
43 | 54 | 46 | 20 | 18 | 230 | 411 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenditures
for emission control commitments3
|
438 | 378 | 455 | 325 | 109 | — | 1,705 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Litigation
settlement
|
— | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | — | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Environmental
cleanup costs-Kingston ash spill
|
252 | 260 | 59 | 46 | — | — | 617 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Payments
on other financings
|
84 | 94 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 816 | 1,291 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Payments
to U.S. Treasury
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Return
of Power Facility
Appropriation
Investment
|
20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | — | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Return
on Power Facility
Appropriation
Investment
|
9 | 21 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 253 | 345 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total
|
$ | 5,260 | $ | 4,998 | $ | 4,745 | $ | 5,063 | $ | 2,291 | $ | 43,863 | $ | 66,220 | ||||||||||||||
Notes
(1) Period
January 1 – September 30, 2010
(2) Does
not include noncash items of foreign currency valuation loss of $41
million and net discount on sale of Bonds of $223 million.
(3) Expenditures
for emission control commitments represent TVA’s current estimate of costs
that may be incurred as a result of the court order in the case brought by
North Carolina alleging public nuisance. Management is evaluating
alternatives which could change these amounts in the future. See
Note 16 — Case
Brought by North Carolina Alleging Public Nuisance.
|
In
addition to the cash requirements above, TVA has contractual obligations in the
form of revenue discounts related to energy prepayments.
Energy
Prepayment Obligations
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2010
|
2011
|
2012
|
2013
|
2014
|
Thereafter
|
Total
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
Energy
Prepayment Obligations
|
$ | 79 | $ | 105 | $ | 105 | $ | 102 | $ | 100 | $ | 410 | $ | 901 | ||||||||||||||
N
Note
P Period
January 1 – September 30, 2010
|
Sales
of Electricity
The
following table compares TVA’s electricity sales statistics for the three months
ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
Sales
of Electricity
|
||||||||||||
For
the three months ended December 31
(millions
of kWh)
|
||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
Percent
Change
|
||||||||||
Municipalities
and cooperatives
|
31,390 | 32,574 | (3.6 | %) | ||||||||
Industries
directly served
|
8,484 | 8,947 | (5.2 | %) | ||||||||
Federal
agencies and other
|
496 | 541 | (8.3 | %) | ||||||||
Total
sales of electricity
|
40,370 | 42,062 | (4.0 | %) | ||||||||
Heating
degree days (normal 1,311)
|
1,343 | 1,389 | (3.3 | %) | ||||||||
Cooling
degree days (normal 64)
|
20 | 71 | (71.8 | %) | ||||||||
Combined
degree days (normal 1,375)
|
1,363 | 1,460 | (6.6 | %) | ||||||||
The 1.2 billion kilowatt-hour (“kWh”)
decrease in sales to Municipalities and cooperatives
was primarily due to a decrease in sales to the commercial and industrial
customers of TVA’s distributors predominantly attributable to the economic
downturn. Several of these end-use customers experienced less demand
during the year ended September 30, 2009, as a result of layoffs, decreased
production, and, in certain cases, the shutdown of facilities. This
trend continued during the three months ended December 31, 2009. The
downturn in the economy is also the primary reason for the 463 million
kilowatt-hour decrease in sales to Industries directly
served.
The 45 million kilowatt-hour decrease
in sales to Federal
agencies and other was due to an 18 million kilowatt-hour decrease in
sales to directly served federal agencies and a 27 million kilowatt-hour
decrease in off-system sales.
Financial
Results
The following table compares operating
results for the three months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008:
Summary
Statements of Operations
For
the Three Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
|||||||
Operating
revenues
|
$ | 2,349 | $ | 3,077 | ||||
Operating
expenses
|
(1,878 | ) | (3,042 | ) | ||||
Operating
income
|
471 | 35 | ||||||
Other
income (expense), net
|
6 | (9 | ) | |||||
Interest
expense, net
|
(327 | ) | (331 | ) | ||||
Net
income (loss)
|
$ | 150 | $ | (305 | ) |
Operating
Revenues. Operating revenues for the three months ended
December 31, 2009 and 2008, consisted of the following:
Operating
Revenues
For
the Three Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
Percent
Change
|
||||||||||
Sales
of Electricity
|
||||||||||||
Municipalities
and cooperatives
|
$ | 1,945 | $ | 2,569 | (24.3 | %) | ||||||
Industries
directly served
|
348 | 442 | (21.3 | %) | ||||||||
Federal
agencies and other
|
27 | 38 | (28.9 | %) | ||||||||
Other
revenues
|
29 | 28 | 3.6 | % | ||||||||
Total
|
$ | 2,349 | $ | 3,077 | (23.7 | %) |
Operating
revenues decreased $728 million, or 23.7 percent, for the three months ended
December 31, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008 due to the
following:
Three
Month Change
|
||||
Base
rate changes
|
$ | 165 | ||
FCA
rate changes
|
(799 | ) | ||
Volume
|
(93 | ) | ||
Off
system sales
|
(2 | ) | ||
Other
revenues
|
1 | |||
Total
|
$ | (728 | ) |
A
quarterly FCA increase of 17 percent became effective on October 1,
2008. This FCA increase was followed by quarterly FCA reductions of 6
percent, 7 percent, and 4 percent, respectively, on January 1, 2009, April 1,
2009, and July 1, 2009, respectively. In addition, in its August 20,
2009 meeting, the TVA Board approved a revision to the FCA formula so that
adjustments would be made on a monthly rather than quarterly basis. TVA
reduced its FCA for the billing months beginning October 1, 2009, November 1,
2009, and December 1, 2009, by 11 percent, 1.5 percent, and 5.5 percent,
respectively, on the average firm wholesale rate. The FCA reductions
are primarily due to higher than expected hydroelectric generation, lower than
expected sales, and lower fuel costs.
Significant items contributing to the
$728 million decrease in operating revenues included:
|
•
|
A
$624 million decrease in revenues from Municipalities and
cooperatives primarily due to the FCA rate decreases, which reduced
revenues by $701 million, and a decline in sales volume of 3.6 percent,
which reduced revenues an additional $73 million. These
decreases were partially offset by an increase in average base rates of
7.7 percent due to base rate increases effective October 1, 2009, which
provided $150 million in revenues.
|
|
•
|
A
$94 million decrease in revenues from Industries directly
served primarily due to FCA rate decreases, which reduced revenues
by $89 million, and a decline in sales volume of 5.2 percent, which
reduced revenues an additional $19 million. These decreases
were partially offset by an increase in average base rates of 4.1 percent,
which provided $14 million in
revenues.
|
|
•
|
An
$11 million decrease in revenues from Federal agencies and
other as a result of a $9 million decrease in revenues from federal
agencies directly served primarily due to the FCA rate decreases and
decreased sales volume of 3.8 percent and a decrease in off-system sales
of $2 million due to decreased
volume.
|
Operating Expenses. Operating
expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, consisted of the
following:
Operating
Expenses
For
the Three Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
Percent
Change
|
||||||||||
Fuel
and purchased power
|
$ | 608 | $ | 1,383 | (56.0 | %) | ||||||
Operating
and maintenance
|
754 | 590 | 27.8 | % | ||||||||
Depreciation,
amortization, and accretion
|
411 | 396 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||
Tax
equivalents
|
105 | 148 | (29.1 | %) | ||||||||
Environmental
cleanup costs-Kingston ash spill
|
- | 525 | N/A | |||||||||
Total
operating expenses
|
$ | 1,878 | $ | 3,042 | (38.3 | %) |
Operating expenses decreased $1.2
billion for the three months ended December 31, 2009, compared to the same
period in 2008. A significant driver for the decrease in operating
expenses is related to the Environmental cleanup cost –
Kingston ash spill expenses of $525 million recognized for the three
months ended December 31, 2008, not present in the three months ended December
31, 2009. During the first three quarters of 2009, estimates of costs
to clean up the site were recorded as expense. During August 2009,
the TVA Board approved the recovery of Kingston ash spill costs in future rates,
and the amount previously expensed was reclassified as a regulatory asset to be
amortized over a period of 15 years. See Note 7. Other
significant drivers for the change in operating expenses are described
below:
Fuel and purchased
power expense decreased $775 million due to:
|
•
|
A
$588 million decrease in fuel and purchased power expense related to
the FCA mechanism. This decrease was primarily the result
of amortization to expense of previously over-collected fuel and
purchased power costs as part of the FCA. During the three
months ended December 31, 2009, TVA refunded these fuel costs through
the FCA in the form of FCA rate
decreases.
|
|
•
|
A
$144 million decrease in fuel expense resulting primarily from a decrease
in net thermal generation of 18.9 percent, which reduced fuel expense by
$169 million. The decrease in net thermal generation was due to
lower electricity sales and an increase in conventional hydroelectric
generation of 3.5 billion kWh, or 161 percent. This was
partially offset by a slight increase in the aggregate fuel cost per
kilowatt-hour net thermal generation, which resulted in an increase of $25
million in fuel expense. The higher fuel cost was primarily due
to higher prices for coal and was partially offset by lower prices for
natural gas.
|
|
•
|
A
$43 million decrease in purchased power expense comprised primarily of a
decrease in the average price of purchased power of 35.2 percent for the
three months ended December 31, 2009, compared to the same period in 2008,
which reduced expense by $110 million. In addition, net realized losses
related to natural gas derivatives were $14 million lower for the three
months ended December 31, 2009, compared to the same period in
2008. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in
purchased power volume of 35.2 percent, which increased purchased power
expense by $81 million.
|
Operating and maintenance
expense increased $164 million primarily due to a $69 million increase in
operating and maintenance expense at nuclear plants due in part to a change in
TVA’s accounting for nuclear refueling outages. Historically, nuclear
refueling outage and maintenance costs were deferred and amortized on a
straight-line basis over the estimated period until the next refueling
outage. Beginning in 2010, outage costs are no longer deferred as a
regulatory asset and are expensed as incurred, although previously deferred
outage costs continue to be amortized as the remaining amounts are collected in
rates. Pension and postretirement benefit expense increased $54
million primarily due to recent asset losses combined with a reduction in the
assumed discount rate used to estimate the pension and postretirement
liabilities. TVA recognized $16 million in expense due to
amortization of the Environmental cleanup costs -
Kingston ash spill regulatory asset, and this expense was not present for
the three months ended December 31, 2008. Additionally, TVA experienced
increased costs of $7 million to support energy efficiency and demand response
initiatives and $6 million due to on-going studies related to future uses of the
Bellefonte Nuclear Plant.
Depreciation, amortization,
and accretion expense increased $15 million primarily attributable to an
increase in net plant additions.
Tax equivalents expense
decreased $43 million. This change primarily reflects a decrease in
the accrued tax equivalent expense related to the
FCA. The accrued tax equivalent expense is equal to five percent
of the FCA revenues and decreased for the three months ended December 31, 2009,
since the FCA revenues for the quarter were lower than the FCA revenues for the
three months ended December 31, 2008.
Other Income (Expense),
Net. The $15 million change in Other income (expense),
net resulted primarily from a slight gain in the first quarter of 2010 on
TVA’s supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”) assets and restricted
investments related to the collateral held by TVA compared to a loss on these
investments in the first quarter of 2009.
Interest
Expense. Interest expense and interest rates for the three
months ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, consisted of the
following:
Interest
Expense
For
the Three Months Ended December 31
|
||||||||||||
2009
|
2008
|
Percent
Change
|
||||||||||
Interest
on debt and leaseback obligations
|
$ | 336 | $ | 334 | 0.6 | % | ||||||
Amortization
of debt discount, issue, and reacquisition costs, net
|
5 | 5 | 0.0 | % | ||||||||
Allowance
for funds used during construction and nuclear fuel
expenditures
|
(14 | ) | (8 | ) | 75.0 | % | ||||||
Net
interest expense
|
$ | 327 | $ | 331 | (1.2 | %) | ||||||
(percent)
|
||||||||||||
2009 | 2008 |
Percent
Change
|
||||||||||
Interest
rates (average)
|
||||||||||||
Long-term
|
5.95 | 5.95 | 0.0. | % | ||||||||
Discount
notes
|
0.04 | 0.75 | (94.7 | )% | ||||||||
Blended
|
5.74 | 5.48 | 4.7 | % |
The preparation of financial statements
requires TVA to estimate the effects of various matters that are inherently
uncertain as of the date of the financial statements. Although the
financial statements are prepared in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles (“GAAP”), TVA is required to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the amounts of revenues and
expenses reported during the reporting period. Each of these
estimates varies in regard to the level of judgment involved and its potential
impact on TVA’s financial results. Estimates are deemed critical
either when a different estimate could have reasonably been used, or where
changes in the estimate are
reasonably likely to occur from period to period, and such use or change would
materially impact TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash
flows. TVA’s critical accounting policies are also discussed in Item
7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations–Critical Accounting
Policies and Estimates and Note 1 in the Annual
Report.
Fuel
Cost Adjustment
In August
2009, the TVA Board approved a revision to the FCA formula. Starting
with the October 1, 2009 billing period, all adjustments to the FCA have been
made on a monthly basis instead of a quarterly basis. This allows the
FCA rate to be more closely aligned with TVA’s costs. The FCA formula
also contains a deferred account which is used to reconcile the difference
between actual and forecasted fuel and purchased power costs in the FCA.
The difference between the amounts is included in the deferred account and
starting with the October 1, 2009 billing period, 50 percent of the account has
been disbursed or collected on a monthly basis instead of a quarterly
basis. This change to a monthly FCA formula will result in smaller
reconciliations and faster liquidation of any balances in the
account. With the change to the monthly FCA formula on October 1,
2009, the remaining balance in the existing deferred liability account balance
from the quarterly FCA of approximately $822 million is being liquidated over a
nine-month period from October 1, 2009 through June 30, 2010.
Investments
TVA’s investments classified as trading
consist of amounts held in the nuclear decommissioning trust, the asset
retirement trust, and the SERP. These assets are generally
measured at fair value based on quoted market prices or other observable market
data such as interest rate indices. TVA's investments are primarily
U.S. equities, international equities, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”),
fixed income investments, high-yield fixed income investments, U.S. Treasury
inflation-protected securities, commodities, currencies, derivative instruments,
and other investments. Commingled funds are used to gain exposure to
certain investments. TVA has classified all of these trading
securities as either Level 1 or Level 2 valuations. The application
of credit valuation adjustments (“CVAs”) did not materially affect the fair
values of TVA’s investments at December 31, 2009. See Note 13 for a
discussion of valuation levels.
Vendor-provided prices for TVA’s
investments are subjected to automated tolerance checks by TVA’s investment
portfolio trustee to identify and avoid, where possible, the use of inaccurate
prices. Any questionable prices identified are reported to the vendor
which provided the price. If the prices are validated, the primary
pricing source is used. If not, a secondary source price which has
passed the applicable tolerance check is used (or queried with the vendor if it
is out of tolerance), resulting in either the use of a secondary price, where
validated, or the last reported default price, as in the case of a missing
price. For monthly valued accounts, where secondary price sources are
available, an automated inter-source tolerance report identifies prices with an
inter-vendor pricing variance of over two percent at an asset class
level. For daily valued accounts, each security is assigned, where
possible, an indicative major market index, against which daily price movements
are automatically compared. Tolerance thresholds are established by
asset class. Prices found to be outside of the applicable tolerance
threshold are reported and queried with vendors as described above.
|
Derivatives
|
TVA is currently a party to the
following types of derivatives:
|
•
|
Currency
swaps
|
|
•
|
Swaption
|
|
•
|
Interest
rate swaps
|
|
•
|
Coal
contract derivatives
|
|
•
|
Commodity
derivatives under the Financial Trading Program (“FTP”) (swaps, futures,
options on futures, and other financial
instruments)
|
Commodity derivatives under the FTP are
classified as Level 1 and Level 2 valuations. Currency swaps and
interest rate swaps are classified as Level 2 valuations. The
swaption and coal contract derivatives are classified as Level 3
valuations.
Currency Swaps, Swaption,
and Interest Rate Swaps. TVA has three
currency swaps, one swaption, and three “fixed for floating” interest rate
swaps. The rate curves and interest rates affecting the fair value of
the currency swaps and interest rate swaps are based on observable
data. While most of the fair value measurement is based on observable
inputs, volatility for TVA’s swaption is generally
unobservable. Therefore, the valuation is derived from an observable
volatility measure with adjustments. At December 31, 2009, the
application of CVAs resulted in a decrease of $1 million in the fair value of
the swaption and interest rate swap liabilities, and a decrease of $2 million in
the fair values of the currency swap assets.
Coal Contract
Derivatives. The fair value of this derivative portfolio is
valued using internal models. The significant inputs to these models
are price indications such as quoted spot prices and implied forward
prices. The pricing model is based on significant unobservable
inputs, similar products, or products priced in different time
periods. TVA designs price curves and valuation models based on the
best available information and industry accepted
practices. Additionally, any settlement fees related to early
termination of coal supply contracts are included at the contractual
amount. The application of CVAs resulted in a decrease of $2 million in
the fair values of coal contract derivatives in an asset position at December
31, 2009.
Commodity Derivatives under
the Financial Trading Program. TVA uses quoted
Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) prices in its determination of the fair
value of these contracts. These are primarily natural gas futures,
fuel oil futures, crude oil futures, and natural gas option
contracts. Contracts where nonperformance risk exists outside of the
exit price are measured with the incorporation of CVAs and are classified as
Level 2 valuations. These are primarily natural gas, fuel oil, and
crude oil swap contracts. The application of CVAs did not materially
affect the fair value of these assets and liabilities at December 31,
2009.
TVA maintains policies and procedures
to value commodity contracts using what is believed to be the best and most
relevant data available. In addition, TVA’s risk management group
reviews valuations and pricing data. TVA retains independent pricing
vendors to assist in valuing certain instruments without market
liquidity.
Fair Value Considerations
In determining the fair value of its
financial instruments, TVA considers the source of observable market data
inputs, liquidity of the instrument, credit risk, and risk of nonperformance of
itself or the counterparty to the contract. The conditions and
criteria used to assess these factors are described below.
Sources of Market
Assumptions. TVA derives its
financial instrument market assumptions from market data sources (e.g., CME,
Moody’s). In some cases, where market data is not readily available,
TVA uses comparable market sources and empirical evidence to derive market
assumptions and determine a financial instrument's fair value.
Market Liquidity. Market liquidity
is assessed by TVA based on criteria as to whether the financial instrument
trades in an active or inactive market. An active market can be
defined as a spot market/settlement mechanism environment and also a potential
forward/futures market that is based on the activity in the forward/futures
market. A financial instrument is considered to be in an active
market if the prices are fully transparent to the market participants, the
prices can be measured by market bid and ask quotes, the market has a relatively
high trading volume as compared to TVA's current trading volume, and the market
has a significant number of market participants that will allow the market to
rapidly absorb the quantity of the assets traded without significantly affecting
the market price. Other factors TVA considers when determining
whether a market is active or inactive include the presence of government or
regulatory control over pricing that could make it difficult to establish a
market based price upon entering into a transaction.
Nonperformance
Risk. In determining
the potential impact of nonperformance risk, which includes credit risk, TVA
considers changes in current market conditions, readily available information on
nonperformance risk, letters of credit, collateral, other arrangements
available, and the nature of master netting arrangements. TVA is
counterparty to currency swaps, a swaption, interest rate swaps, coal contract
derivatives, commodity derivatives, and other derivatives which subject TVA to
nonperformance risk. Nonperformance risk on the majority of
investments and certain exchange-traded instruments held by TVA is incorporated
into the exit price that is derived from quoted market data that is used to mark
the investment to market.
Nonperformance risk for most of TVA’s
derivative instruments is an adjustment to the initial asset/liability fair
value. TVA adjusts for nonperformance risk, both of TVA (for
liabilities) and the counterparty (for assets), by applying a
CVA. TVA determines an appropriate CVA for each applicable financial
instrument based on the term of the instrument and TVA’s or counterparty’s
credit rating as obtained from Moody’s. For companies that do not
have an observable credit rating, TVA uses internal analysis to assign a
comparable rating to the company. TVA discounts each financial
instrument using the historical default rate (as reported by Moody’s for the
years CY 1983 to CY 2008) for companies with a similar credit rating over a time
period consistent with the remaining term of the contract.
All derivative instruments are analyzed
individually and are subject to unique risk exposures. At December
31, 2009, the aggregate counterparty credit risk adjustments applied to TVA's
derivative asset and liability positions were decreases of $4 million and $1
million, respectively.
Collateral. TVA’s interest rate
swaps, two of its currency swaps, and its swaption contain contract provisions
that require a party to post collateral (in a form such as cash or a letter of
credit) when the party’s liability balance under the agreement exceeds a certain
threshold. See Note 12 — Other
Derivative Instruments — Collateral for a discussion
of collateral related to TVA’s derivative liabilities.
Level 3
Information. Unrealized
losses (gains) on contracts classified as Level 3 valuations are included in
regulatory assets (liabilities) until the contracts are settled. TVA
experienced unrealized gains on coal contract derivatives due to increases in
coal market prices during the three months ended December 31,
2009. TVA also experienced unrealized gains on the swaption liability
due to increases in interest rates during the three months ended December 31,
2009. Unrealized gains on these instruments did not have a material
effect on TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash
flows. TVA recognized an unrealized loss of $15 million related to
the anticipated termination of coal supply contracts during the three months
ended December 31, 2009. There were no realized gains (losses) during
the three months ended December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2009, Level
3 valuations represented 7 percent of total assets measured at fair value and 62
percent of total liabilities measured at fair value.
The following accounting standards and interpretations became effective for TVA
during the first quarter of 2010.
Fair Value
Measurements. In September 2006, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance for measuring assets and liabilities
that currently require fair value measurement. The guidance also
responds to investors’ requests for expanded information about the extent to
which companies measure assets and liabilities at fair value, the information
used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair value measurements on
earnings. The guidance applies whenever other standards require (or
permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value but does not expand
the use of fair value in any new circumstances. The guidance
establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to
develop measurement assumptions. In February 2008, FASB issued
guidance that delayed the effective date of the fair value accounting
changes for
nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities except for items that are
recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring
basis. Effective October 1, 2009, TVA adopted these fair value
accounting changes for its nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial
liabilities. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact
TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
In August 2009, FASB issued guidance
regarding fair value measurements of liabilities. The guidance
clarifies how the fair value of a liability should be measured when a quoted
price in an active market for the identical liability either is or is not
available. Additionally, the guidance clarifies how to consider a
restriction when estimating the fair value of a liability and the appropriate
level within the fair value disclosure hierarchy in which the various
measurement techniques result. These changes became effective for TVA
on October 1, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially
impact TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash
flows.
In September 2009, FASB issued guidance regarding fair value measurements for
certain alternative investments, such as interests in hedge funds, private
equity funds, real estate funds, venture capital funds, offshore fund vehicles,
and funds of funds. The guidance allows reporting entities to use net
asset value per share to estimate the fair value of these investments as a
practical expedient. The guidance also requires disclosures by major
category of investment about the attributes of the investments, such as the
nature of any restrictions on the investor's ability to redeem its investments
at the measurement date, any unfunded commitments, and the investment strategies
of the investees. These changes became effective for TVA on October
1, 2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact
TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Business
Combinations. In December 2007, FASB issued guidance that
changes the accounting for business combinations. The guidance
establishes principles and requirements for determining how an enterprise
recognizes and measures the fair value of certain assets and liabilities
acquired in a business combination, including non-controlling interests,
contingent consideration, and certain acquired contingencies. The
guidance also requires acquisition-related transaction expenses and
restructuring costs to be expensed as incurred rather than capitalized as a
component of the business combination. In April 2009, FASB issued
additional guidance to amend and clarify
the initial recognition and measurement, subsequent measurement and accounting,
and related disclosures arising from contingencies in a business
combination. This guidance became effective for TVA on October 1,
2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact TVA’s
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows but will impact the
accounting for any future business acquisitions.
Noncontrolling
Interests. In December 2007, FASB issued guidance that
introduces significant changes in the accounting for noncontrolling interests
(formerly minority interests) in a partially-owned consolidated
subsidiary. The guidance also changes the accounting for and
reporting for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. The guidance
requires that a noncontrolling interest in a consolidated subsidiary be
displayed in the consolidated statement of financial position as a
separate component of equity. The guidance also requires that earnings
attributed to the noncontrolling interests be reported as part of consolidated
earnings, and requires disclosure of the attributions of consolidated earnings
to the controlling and noncontrolling interests on the face of the consolidated
income statement. These changes became effective for TVA on October 1,
2009. The adoption of this guidance did not materially impact TVA's
financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows but will impact the
accounting for any future notcontrolling interests.
The following accounting standards have
been issued, but as of December 31, 2009, were not effective and had not been
adopted by TVA.
Transfers of Financial
Assets. In June 2009, FASB issued guidance regarding
accounting for transfers of financial assets. This guidance
eliminates the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity (“QSPE”) and
subjects those entities to the same consolidation guidance as other variable
interest entities (“VIEs”). The guidance changes the eligibility
criteria for certain transactions to qualify for sale accounting and the
accounting for certain transfers. The guidance also establishes broad
disclosure objectives and requires extensive specific disclosures related to the
transfers. These changes will become effective for TVA for any
transfers of financial assets occurring on or after October 1,
2010. TVA does not believe adoption of this guidance will materially
affect its financial condition, results of operations, or cash
flows.
Variable Interest
Entities. In June 2009, FASB issued guidance that changes the
consolidation guidance for VIEs. The guidance eliminates the
consolidation scope exception for QSPEs. The statement amends the
triggering events to determine if an entity is a VIE, establishes a primarily
qualitative model for determining the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and
requires on-going assessments of whether the reporting entity is the primary
beneficiary. These changes will become effective for TVA on October
1, 2010, and will apply to all entities determined to be VIEs as of and
subsequent to the date of adoption. TVA does not believe adoption of
this guidance will materially affect its financial condition, results of
operations, or cash flows.
William
B. Sansom’s term as a member of the TVA Board ended December 24, 2009, with the
end of the first session of the 111th Congress. Although President
Obama nominated Mr. Sansom on December 4, 2009, to a second term on the TVA
Board, the Senate has not yet considered the nomination. If the
Senate confirms Mr. Sansom’s nomination, Mr. Sansom’s second term on the TVA
Board will expire in May 2014.
On
December 1, 2009, TVA announced a reorganization of its executive managerial
structure, effective as of January 4, 2010. As part of this
reorganization, Kimberly S. Greene left her position as TVA’s Chief Financial
Officer and Executive Vice President, Financial Services in order to assume the
newly created position of TVA Group President. As Group President,
Ms. Greene is responsible for, among other things, strategy, planning, customer
service, government relations, communications, environmental operations,
commercial activities, and renewable energy. John M. Hoskins, who is
TVA’s Senior Vice President and Treasurer, also began serving as Interim Chief
Financial Officer on January 4, 2010.
Proposed
Legislation and Regulation
In an effort to address GHG and climate
change issues, on November 5, 2009, the Senate Environment and Public Works
Committee ordered S.1733, the Clean Energy Jobs and American Power Act, to be
reported to the Senate. This bill is expected to be further revised
before being considered by the Senate as a whole.
For a discussion of additional
legislation and regulation, see Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Legislative and Regulatory
Matters in the Annual Report.
TVA cannot accurately predict whether
the initiatives discussed above and in the Annual Report will become law in the
future and, if so, in what form and what their impact would be on
TVA. Moreover, given the nature of the legislative process, it is
possible that new legislation or a change to existing legislation that has a
significant impact on TVA’s activities could become law with little or no
advance notice. As a federal entity, TVA’s ownership structure or
mission could be changed by legislation. For a discussion of the
potential impact of legislation and regulation on TVA, see Item 1A, Risk Factors
in the Annual Report.
TVA’s power generation activities, like
those across the utility industry and in other industrial sectors, are subject
to most federal, state, and local environmental laws and
regulations. Major areas of regulation affecting TVA’s activities
include air quality control, water quality control, and management and disposal
of solid and hazardous wastes.
Air
Quality Control Developments
Nitrogen
Oxides. Utility emissions of nitrogen oxides (“NOx”) continue
to be regulated under state programs to achieve and maintain the EPA’s National
Ambient Air Quality Standards (“NAAQS”) for ozone and fine particles, the
Federal Acid Rain Program, and the regional haze program. On March
12, 2008, the EPA issued final rules adopting new, more stringent NAAQS for
ozone. The EPA lowered the primary standard, created to protect
public health with an adequate margin of safety, from 0.084 parts per million
(“ppm”) to 0.075 ppm. The EPA also promulgated a new secondary
standard, mainly created to protect vegetation. The form and level of
the secondary standard are the same as the primary standard.
On January 6, 2010, EPA announced a
proposed revision to the NAAQS for ozone. The 8-hour primary ozone
standard is to be set within a range of 0.060-0.070 ppm. EPA is
proposing to establish a distinct cumulative, seasonal “secondary” standard,
within the range of 7-15 ppm-hours. EPA is expected to issue a final
rule by August 31, 2010. In January 2011, states will have to
recommend to the EPA those counties proposed to be designated as
“non-attainment” counties under the new standards, and in August 2011, the EPA
is expected to finalize attainment designations. States must submit plans to the
EPA no later than December 2013 that demonstrate attainment with the standard.
Areas must reach attainment by deadlines that vary (CY 2014 to CY 2031)
depending on the severity of the ozone problem. Based on CY 2005 to CY 2007
monitoring data, virtually all of the larger cities in the Tennessee Valley area
and their associated Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as well as those rural
counties where ozone monitors are present, will likely be designated as
non-attainment areas under the new standard.
Fine
Particulates. On October 8, 2009, the EPA made final
designations of areas throughout the U.S. as "non-attainment" and
“unclassifiable/attainment" for the 24-hour NAAQS for fine particulates with a
size of up to 2.5 micrometers (“PM2.5”). One
hundred twenty counties or parts of counties were designated as non-attainment
based on the recommendations provided by states and tribes, as well as
additional supporting information provided by states, tribes, and the
public. In the Tennessee Valley region, Anderson, Blount, Knox, and
Loudon Counties in Tennessee, and a portion of Roane County, also in Tennessee,
were designated as non-attainment. TVA operates coal-fired power
plants in Anderson and Roane Counties. State and local governments
will be required to take steps to control fine particulate pollution in these
non-attainment areas. Those steps may include stricter controls on
industrial facilities, including TVA’s power plants, and additional planning
requirements for transportation-related sources. States must submit
their plans to the EPA within three years after the EPA makes final
designations. Areas are required to attain the standard no later than
five years after the effective date of the designations. The EPA may
grant attainment date extensions for up to five additional years in areas with
more severe PM2.5 problems
as well as in areas where emissions control measures are not available or
feasible.
Sulfur
Dioxide. In December 2009, TVA completed construction of the
first of two flue gas scrubbers at Kingston. This control system
removes more than 90 percent of sulfur dioxide emissions from four of the nine
units at the plant, and is one of the actions required by the court in its
decision in the lawsuit brought by the State of North Carolina against
TVA. See Note 16 — Case Brought by North Carolina
Alleging Public Nuisance.
Greenhouse
Gases. On December 15, 2009, the EPA published two final
findings regarding GHGs under section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act (“CAA”): (1)
an endangerment finding that current and projected atmospheric concentrations of
six key GHGs — carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride — threaten the public health and
welfare of current and future generations, and (2) a cause or contribute finding
that the combined emissions of these GHGs from new motor vehicles and new motor
vehicle engines contribute to the GHG pollution which threatens public health
and welfare. These findings do not themselves impose any requirements
on industry or other entities, including TVA. However, related EPA
actions are expected to trigger other sections of the CAA, and these other
actions are expected to result in GHG emission requirements affecting industry,
including TVA.
On
October 27, 2009, the EPA published a proposed rule requiring large industrial
facilities that emit at least 25,000 tons of GHGs per year to obtain
construction and operating permits covering these emissions. Once
finalized, this rule would be expected to require newly constructed or modified
industrial facilities, including power plants, to demonstrate the use of best
available control technologies and energy efficiency measures to minimize GHG
emissions. The potential costs of this rulemaking to TVA are not
known at this time.
Water
Quality Control Developments
As reported above, TVA completed
construction and began testing of a flue gas scrubber at Kingston. In
preparation for the scrubber startup, TVA applied for and was granted a Clean
Water Act permit by TDEC to discharge wastewaters from the scrubber into the
Clinch River on October 16, 2009. On November 12, 2009, several
environmental groups jointly appealed the Kingston permit to the Tennessee Water
Quality Control Board. Given the uncertainty over the outcome of the
appeal, the impacts of this appeal are uncertain at this time.
Coal-Combustion
Wastes
The EPA has announced that it plans to
propose new regulations for the management of coal combustion wastes, and the
regulations are expected to be finalized in late 2010. In anticipation of more
stringent regulations requiring the installation of caps and liners at existing
and new CCP landfills and in order to convert its CCP handling systems from wet
to dry systems, TVA currently estimates that the expected cost of the CCP work
will be between $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion, and the work is expected to take
between eight and 10 years.
Estimated
Required Environmental Expenditures
The following table contains
information about TVA’s current estimates on projects related to environmental
laws and regulations. This table excludes items already recognized on
the Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009.
TVA
Air, Water, and Waste Quality Estimated Required Environmental
Expenditures1
As
of December 31, 2009
|
||||||||
Estimated
Timetable
|
Total
Estimated
Expenditures
|
|||||||
North
Carolina lawsuit2
|
2009-2014 | $ | 1,705 | |||||
Site
environmental remediation costs3
|
2008+ | 20 | ||||||
Coal
combustion products remediation4
|
2010-2020 | 1,500 | ||||||
In-process
CAIR projects5
|
2005-2017 | 800 | ||||||
Hazardous
Air Pollutant regulation6
|
TBD*
|
|||||||
Clean
Water Act Requirements7
|
2015-2020 |
TBD*
|
||||||
Total
|
$ | 4,025 | ||||||
Notes
(1) Includes
mercury, but does not include other currently unregulated hazardous air
pollutants or greenhouse gases.
(2) As
a result of the North Carolina lawsuit seeking caps on emissions of
certain pollutants from TVA’s coal-fired plants, TVA has estimated the
total costs of taking all actions required by the court. TVA is
currently determining how to comply with the court’s final
ruling. See Note 16 - Case Brought by North Carolina
Alleging Public Nuisance.
(3) Estimated
liability for cleanup and similar environmental work for those sites for
which sufficient information is available to develop a cost
estimate.
(4) Includes
closure of impoundments, construction of lined landfills, and construction
of dewatering systems.
(5) TVA
is continuing construction of its in-process emission control
projects. Additional compliance plans for TVA to meet the
requirements of a revised rule will be determined upon finalization of the
rule.
(6) Compliance
plans to meet the requirements of a revised or new implementing rule will
be determined upon finalization of the rule.
(7) Compliance
plans to meet the requirements of a revised or new implementing rule under
Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act and the EPA’s decision to revise the
steam electric effluent guidelines will be determined upon finalization of
the rules.
* TBD
– to be determined as regulations become final
|
|
Reportable
Events
|
Widows Creek Gypsum
Pond. TVA and Alabama Department of Environmental Management
agreed to finalize the Consent Order issued on April 3, 2009, and the order was
signed on October 13, 2009.
Ocoee Hydro Plant. TVA
continues to work with TDEC to address the issues identified in the Director's
Order dated January 12, 2009. Subsequent to the close of the recreation
season on the upper Ocoee River, in conjunction with TDEC, TVA planned and
conducted a test drawdown on November 305, 2009, designed to identify optimum
operating conditions and best management practices to limit sediment transport
downstream during future drawdown operations. Based on the results of the
tests, TVA has proposed best management practices to TDEC and continues to
work with TDEC on the development of an operating policy for Ocoee No. 3.
For a
discussion of additional environmental matters affecting TVA, see Item 1,
Business - Environmental Matters in the
Annual Report.
From time to time, TVA is party to or
otherwise involved in lawsuits, claims, proceedings, investigations, and other
legal matters (“Legal Proceedings”) that have risen in the ordinary course of
conducting its activities, as a result of catastrophic events or
otherwise. TVA had accrued approximately $13 million with respect to
Legal Proceedings as of December 31, 2009. No assurance can be given
that TVA will not be subject to significant additional claims and
liabilities. If actual liabilities significantly exceed the estimates
made, TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be
materially adversely affected.
For a discussion of certain current
Legal Proceedings involving TVA, see Note 16, which discussion is incorporated
by reference into this Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations.
There are
no material changes related to market risk from the market risks disclosed under
Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations — Risk
Management Activities in the Annual Report.
TVA’s management, including the
President and Chief Executive Officer and members of the disclosure control
committee (including the Interim Chief Financial Officer and Vice President and
Controller), evaluated the effectiveness of TVA disclosure and controls
procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (“Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2009. Based on this
evaluation, TVA’s management, including the President and Chief Executive
Officer and members of the disclosure control committee (including the Interim
Chief Financial Officer and the Vice President and Controller), concluded that
TVA’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2009,
to ensure that information required to be disclosed by TVA in reports that it
files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and
reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange
Commission’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures
designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by TVA
in such reports is accumulated and communicated to TVA’s management, including
the President and Chief Executive Officer and members of the disclosure control
committee (including the Interim Chief Financial Officer and the Vice President
and Controller), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required
disclosure.
During the quarter ended December 31,
2009, there were no changes in TVA’s internal control over financial reporting
that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, TVA’s
internal control over financial reporting.
From time
to time, TVA is party to or otherwise involved in Legal Proceedings that have
arisen in the ordinary course of conducting its activities, as a result of
catastrophic events or otherwise. While the outcome of the Legal
Proceedings to which TVA is a party cannot be predicted with certainty, any
adverse outcome to a Legal Proceeding involving TVA may have a material adverse
effect on TVA’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash
flows.
For a
discussion of certain current Legal Proceedings involving TVA, see Note 16,
which discussion is incorporated by reference into this Item 1, Legal
Proceedings.
There are
no material changes related to risk factors from the risk factors disclosed in
Item 1A, Risk Factors in the Annual Report.
None.
None.
None.
None.
Exhibit
No.
|
Description
|
|
10.1*
|
Amendment
Dated as of November 9, 2009, to Fall Maturity Credit Agreement Dated as
of March 26, 2009, Among TVA, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative
Agent, Bank of America, N.A., as a Lender, and the Other Lenders Party
Thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to TVA’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2009, File No.
000-52313)
|
|
10.2
|
Overview
of Compensation Arrangements for Preston D. Swafford Effective as of
October 27, 2009 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to
TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2009,
File No. 000-52313)
|
|
10.3
|
Second
Deferral Agreement Between TVA and Tom Kilgore Dated as of
November 24, 2009 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39
to TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2009,
File No. 000-52313)
|
|
31.1
|
Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Chief Executive
Officer
|
|
31.2
|
Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Interim Chief Financial
Officer
|
|
32.1
|
Section
1350 Certification Executed by the Chief Executive
Officer
|
|
32.2
|
Section
1350 Certification Executed by the Interim Chief Financial
Officer
|
|
*
Certain schedule(s) and/or exhibit(s) have been omitted. The
Tennessee Valley Authority hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally
copies of any of the omitted schedules and/or exhibits upon request by the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly
authorized.
Date:
February 3,
2009 TENNESSEE
VALLEY AUTHORITY
(Registrant)
By:
|
/s/ Tom Kilgore |
Tom
Kilgore
|
|
President
and Chief Executive Officer
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
|
By:
|
/s/ John M. Hoskins |
John
M. Hoskins
|
|
Interim
Chief Financial Officer and Executive
|
|
Vice
President, Financial Services
|
|
(Principal
Financial Officer)
|
Exhibit
No.
|
Description
|
|
10.1*
|
Amendment
Dated as of November 9, 2009, to Fall Maturity Credit Agreement Dated as
of March 26, 2009, Among TVA, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative
Agent, Bank of America, N.A., as a Lender, and the Other Lenders Party
Thereto (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to TVA’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2009, File No.
000-52313)
|
|
10.2
|
Overview
of Compensation Arrangements for Preston D. Swafford Effective as of
October 27, 2009 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to
TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2009,
File No. 000-52313)
|
|
10.3
|
Second
Deferral Agreement Between TVA and Tom Kilgore Dated as of
November 24, 2009 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.39
to TVA’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2009,
File No. 000-52313)
|
|
31.1
|
Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Chief Executive
Officer
|
|
31.2
|
Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification Executed by the Interim Chief Financial
Officer
|
|
32.1
|
Section
1350 Certification Executed by the Chief Executive
Officer
|
|
32.2
|
Section
1350 Certification Executed by the Interim Chief Financial
Officer
|
|
*
Certain schedule(s) and/or exhibit(s) have been omitted. The
Tennessee Valley Authority hereby undertakes to furnish supplementally
copies of any of the omitted schedules and/or exhibits upon request by the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
|
55