Terreno Realty Corp - Annual Report: 2009 (Form 10-K)
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009
OR
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-34603
Terreno Realty Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland | 27-1262675 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
|
16 Maiden Lane, Fifth Floor San Francisco, CA (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
94108 (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (415) 655-4580
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Name of Exchange on Which Registered | |
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants
knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of
this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer þ | Smaller reporting company o | |||
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
Aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates
computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average bid and
asked price of such common equity, as of the last business day of the registrants most recently
completed second fiscal quarter: Not Applicable. The registrant was not incorporated until
November 2009 and did not commence trading on the New York Stock Exchange until February 10, 2010.
The registrant had 9,253,250 shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share,
outstanding as of March 15, 2010.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Not Applicable
Terreno Realty Corporation
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the Year Ended December 31, 2009
for the Year Ended December 31, 2009
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the Securities Act) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the Exchange Act). We caution investors that forward-looking statements are based on
managements beliefs and on assumptions made by, and information currently available to,
management. When used, the words anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend, may,
might, plan, project, result, should, will, and similar expressions which do not relate
solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements
are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions and are not guarantees of future performance,
which may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are
beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should
underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated,
estimated, or projected. We expressly disclaim any responsibility to update our forward-looking
statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Accordingly,
investors should use caution in relying on past forward-looking statements, which are based on
results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends.
Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, or
achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements
include, among others, the following:
| the factors included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including those set forth under the headings Risk Factors, and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | ||
| our limited operating history; | ||
| our ability to identify and acquire industrial properties on terms favorable to us; | ||
| general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock; | ||
| adverse economic or real estate conditions or developments in the industrial real estate sector and/or in the markets in which we acquire properties; | ||
| our dependence on key personnel; | ||
| our ability to source off-market deal flow in the future; | ||
| availability of investment opportunities in the industrial real estate sector; | ||
| our reliance on third parties to property manage our industrial properties; | ||
| general economic conditions; | ||
| our dependence upon tenants; | ||
| our inability to comply with the laws, rules and regulations applicable to companies, and in particular, public companies; | ||
| our inability to manage our growth effectively; | ||
| defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants; | ||
| decreased rental rates or increased vacancy rates; |
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| tenant bankruptcies; | ||
| increased interest rates and operating costs; | ||
| declining real estate valuations and impairment charges; | ||
| our expected leverage; | ||
| estimates related to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders; | ||
| our failure to obtain necessary outside financing; | ||
| future debt service obligations; | ||
| our failure to successfully hedge against interest rate increases; | ||
| our failure to successfully operate acquired properties and operations; | ||
| our failure to maintain our status as a real estate investment trust, or REIT; | ||
| possible adverse changes to tax laws; | ||
| uninsured or underinsured losses relating to our properties; | ||
| environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural disasters; | ||
| financial market fluctuations; and | ||
| changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates. |
PART I
Item 1. | Business |
Overview
Terreno Realty Corporation (Terreno, and together with its subsidiaries, we, us, our,
our company the company) is an internally managed, newly organized Maryland corporation focused
on acquiring industrial real estate located in six major coastal U.S. markets: Los Angeles Area;
Northern New Jersey/New York City; San Francisco Bay Area; Seattle Area; Miami Area; and
Washington, D.C./Baltimore. We intend to invest in several types of industrial real estate,
including warehouse/distribution, flex (including light manufacturing and R&D) and trans-shipment.
We will target functional buildings in infill locations that may be shared by multiple tenants and
that cater to customer demand within the various submarkets in which we operate. Infill locations
are geographic locations surrounded by high concentrations of already developed land and existing
buildings.
Our executive officers are Blake Baird, our chairman and chief executive officer, and Mike
Coke, our president and chief financial officer.
On February 16, 2010, we completed both our initial public offering of 8,750,000 shares of our
common stock and a concurrent private placement of an aggregate of 350,000 shares of our common
stock to our executive officers at a price per share of $20. We estimate that the net proceeds of
our initial public offering were approximately $162.8 million after deducting the full underwriting
discount of approximately $10.5 million and other estimated offering expenses of approximately $1.7
million. The underwriters agreed to forego the receipt of payment of $0.80 per share, or
approximately $7.0 million in the aggregate, until such time as we purchase assets in accordance
with our investment strategy as described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K with an aggregate
purchase price (including the amount of any outstanding indebtedness assumed or incurred by
us) at least equal to the net proceeds from our initial public offering (after deducting the full
underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by us), at which time, we have
agreed to pay the underwriters the remainder of the underwriting discount. We received net
proceeds of approximately $7.0 million from our concurrent private placement. In the aggregate, we
had approximately $169.8 million in cash available to execute our business strategy upon completion
of our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement on February 16, 2010.
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We will invest the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private
placement in industrial properties in accordance with our investment strategy as described in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K and for general business purposes.
On March 9, 2010, we entered into an agreement to acquire an industrial property located in
San Jose, California for a purchase price of approximately $5.6 million. We expect to utilize cash
on hand to fund the acquisition. The property contains one multi-tenant industrial building
totaling approximately 72,000 square feet, which is currently 100% leased. We expect the
acquisition to close in March 2010, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, including
our completion of satisfactory due diligence and the receipt of third party consents.
In
addition, on March 26, 2010, we acquired an industrial property
located in Fremont, California for a purchase price of approximately
$7.3 million. We utilized cash on hand to fund the
acquisition. The property consists of two multi-tenant industrial
buildings containing approximately 140,000 square feet, which are
currently 50% leased to two tenants.
Prior to the full investment of the net offering proceeds in industrial properties, we will
continue to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing short-term U.S. government and government
agency securities, which are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. These initial
investments are expected to provide a lower net return than we will seek to achieve from
investments in industrial properties.
Our Investment Strategy
We intend to invest in industrial properties located in six major coastal U.S. markets:
Los Angeles Area; Northern New Jersey/New York City; San Francisco Bay Area; Seattle Area; Miami
Area; and Washington, D.C./Baltimore. We intend to invest the net proceeds of our initial public
offering and the concurrent private placement within six to twelve months after our
recently-completed initial public offering.
As described in more detail in the table below, we intend to invest in several types of
industrial real estate, including warehouse/distribution, flex (including light manufacturing and
R&D) and trans-shipment. We will target functional buildings in infill locations that may be shared
by multiple tenants and that cater to customer demand within the various submarkets in which we
operate. We do not expect to invest outside of the United States.
Industrial Facility General Characteristics
Warehouse / distribution
| Single and multiple tenant facilities that typically serve tenants greater than 30,000 square feet of space | ||
| Less than 10% office space | ||
| Typical clear height from 18 feet to 36 feet | ||
| May include production/manufacturing areas | ||
| Adequate interior access via dock high and/or grade level doors | ||
| Adequate truck court for large and small truck distribution options, possibly including staging for a high volume of truck activity and/or trailer storage |
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Flex (including light manufacturing and R&D)
| Single and multiple tenant facilities that typically serve tenants less than 30,000 square feet of space | ||
| Facilities generally accommodate both office and warehouse/manufacturing activities | ||
| Typically has a larger amount of office space and shallower bay depths than other classes of industrial facilities | ||
| Adequate parking consistent with increased office use | ||
| Adequate interior access via grade level and/or dock high doors | ||
| Staging for moderate truck activity | ||
| Sometimes has a showroom, service center, or assembly/light manufacturing component | ||
| Enhanced landscaping |
Trans-shipment
| Includes truck terminals, cross docking and airport on-tarmac facilities, which serve both single and multiple tenants | ||
| Typically has a high number of dock high doors, shallow bay depth and lower clear height | ||
| Staging for a high volume of truck activity and trailer storage |
We selected our target markets by drawing upon the experiences of our executive officers
investing and operating in over 50 global industrial markets located in North America, Europe and
Asia and in anticipation of trends in logistics patterns resulting from population changes,
regulatory and physical constraints, potential long term increases in carbon prices and other
factors. We believe that our target markets have attractive long term investment attributes. We
will target assets with characteristics that include, but are not limited to, the following:
| located in high population coastal markets; | ||
| close proximity to transportation infrastructure (such as sea ports, airports, highways and railways); | ||
| situated in supply-constrained submarkets with barriers to new industrial development, as a result of physical and/or regulatory constraints; | ||
| functional and flexible layout that can be modified to accommodate single and multiple tenants; | ||
| acquisition price at a significant discount to the replacement cost of the property; | ||
| potential for enhanced return through re-tenanting or operational improvements; and | ||
| opportunity for higher and better use of the property over time. |
We will utilize local third party property managers for day-to-day property management. We
believe outsourcing property management is cost effective and provides us with operational
flexibility to scale our investments within any chosen market. In addition, property management
firms can be an important source of investment opportunities.
While not prohibited from doing so, we have no current intention to acquire industrial land or
to pursue ground up development. However, we may pursue redevelopment opportunities of properties
that we own.
We expect the significant majority of our investments will be equity interests in individual
properties or portfolios of properties. We may also acquire industrial properties through the
acquisition of other corporations or entities that own industrial real estate. We will
opportunistically target investments in debt secured by industrial real estate that would otherwise
meet our investment criteria with the intention of ultimately acquiring the underlying real estate.
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We currently do not intend to target specific percentages of holdings of particular types of
industrial properties, although we currently expect that our initial portfolio will include less
than 10% of debt secured by industrial properties. This expectation is based upon prevailing market
conditions and may change over time in response to different prevailing market conditions.
We currently expect to acquire target assets based on their anticipated total return, which
consists of income and any capital appreciation. We currently expect to be a long-term owner in the
properties we acquire, but we may sell properties at any time, subject to REIT provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code or 1986, as amended, or the Code, including the prohibited transaction rules,
if our management determines it is in our best interests to do so.
Competitive Strengths
We believe we distinguish ourselves from our competitors through the following competitive
advantages:
| Executive Officers with Deeply Specialized Industrial Expertise. Our executive officers have deep industrial real estate expertise across markets and cycles, as well as extensive public REIT operating experience, from Mr. Bairds eight years of experience and Mr. Cokes nine years of experience most recently as president and chief financial officer, respectively, at AMB Property Corporation (AMB). In 2007, our executive officers jointly founded Terreno Capital Partners LLC, and subsequently assembled a team of real estate professionals that began actively analyzing and seeking industrial investment opportunities in our targeted markets. Each of our executive officers has approximately 20 years of commercial real estate industry experience. | ||
| Focused Investment Strategy with No Legacy Issues. We selected our target markets based upon the experiences of our executive officers investing and operating in over 50 global industrial markets located in North America, Europe and Asia and also in anticipation of trends in logistics patterns resulting from population changes, regulatory and physical constraints, potential long term increases in carbon prices and other factors. Initially we will be an all-cash buyer, and we are not restricted by the operational or liquidity issues that some of our private and public peers are presently facing, and our management can focus on new investment opportunities. | ||
| Conservative Targeted Leverage with Growth Oriented Capital Structure. We expect to maintain financial flexibility and a conservative capital structure using retained cash flows, long-term debt and the issuance of common and perpetual preferred stock to finance our growth. We intend to limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding preferred stock to less than 40% of our total enterprise value and to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio in excess of 2.0x. | ||
| Highly Aligned Compensation Structure. We believe that executive compensation should be closely aligned with long term stockholder value creation. As a result, all of the incentive compensation of our executive officers will be based solely on our total stockholder return exceeding certain rolling targets versus benchmarks. Our executive officers will not be eligible to receive any payouts under our long-term incentive program until early 2012. Our executive officers also purchased in the aggregate 350,000 shares of our common stock at a price per share of $20 in a private placement concurrently with our initial public offering. | ||
| Commitment to Strong Corporate Governance. We are committed to strong corporate governance, as demonstrated by the following: |
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| all members of our board of directors will serve annual terms; | ||
| we have adopted a majority voting standard in non-contested director elections; | ||
| we have opted out of two Maryland anti-takeover provisions and, in the future, we may not opt back in to these provisions without stockholder approval; | ||
| we designed our ownership limits solely to protect our status as a REIT and not for the purpose of serving as an anti-takeover device; and | ||
| we have no stockholder rights plan. In the future, we will not adopt a stockholder rights plan unless our stockholders approve in advance the adoption of a plan or, if adopted by our board of directors, we will submit the stockholder rights plan to our stockholders for a ratification vote within 12 months of adoption or the plan will terminate. |
Our Financing Strategy
The primary objective of our financing strategy is to maintain financial flexibility with a
conservative capital structure using retained cash flows, long-term debt and the issuance of common
and perpetual preferred stock to finance our growth. We intend to:
| limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding perpetual preferred stock to less than 40% of our total enterprise value; | ||
| maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio in excess of 2.0x; | ||
| over the long-term, limit the principal amount of our outstanding floating rate debt to less than 20% of our total consolidated indebtedness; and | ||
| have staggered debt maturities that are aligned to our expected average lease term (5-7 years), positioning us to re-price parts of our capital structure as our rental rates change with market conditions. |
We intend to preserve a flexible capital structure with a long-term goal to obtain an
investment grade rating and be in a position to issue unsecured debt and perpetual preferred stock.
Prior to attaining an investment grade rating, we intend to primarily utilize non-recourse debt
secured by individual properties or pools of properties with a targeted maximum loan-to-value of
60% at the time of financing.
Our Corporate Structure
We were organized as a Maryland corporation on November 6, 2009. We are not structured as an
Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust, or UPREIT. We will own our properties indirectly
through subsidiaries and may utilize one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries as appropriate.
Our Tax Status
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code,
commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010. We believe that our organization and
proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation
as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. To maintain REIT status we must meet a number of
organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute at
least 90% of our net taxable income to our stockholders, excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, we
generally will not be subject to federal income tax on REIT taxable income we currently distribute
to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to
federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be
subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our income or property and the income of our
taxable REIT subsidiaries, if any, will be subject to taxation at regular corporate rates.
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Competition
We believe the current market for industrial real estate acquisitions to be competitive. We
expect to compete for real property investments with pension funds and their advisors, bank and
insurance company investment accounts, other public and private real estate investment companies,
real estate limited partnerships, owner-users, individuals and other entities engaged in real
estate investment activities, some of which have greater financial resources than we do. In
addition, we believe the leasing of real estate to be highly competitive. We experience competition
for customers from owners and managers of competing properties. As a result, we may have to provide
free rental periods, incur charges for tenant improvements or offer other inducements, all of which
may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Environmental Matters
The industrial properties that we acquire will be subject to various federal, state and local
environmental laws. Under these laws, courts and government agencies have the authority to require
us, as owner of a contaminated property, to clean up the property, even if we did not know of or
were not responsible for the contamination. These laws also apply to persons who owned a property
at the time it became contaminated, and therefore it is possible we could incur these costs even
after we sell some of the properties we acquire. In addition to the costs of cleanup, environmental
contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owners ability to borrow using
the property as collateral or to sell the property. Under applicable environmental laws, courts and
government agencies also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste to a waste
disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, pay for the clean-up of that facility if
it becomes contaminated and threatens human health or the environment.
Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third parties may recover damages
for injury caused by property contamination. For instance, a person exposed to asbestos at one of
our properties may seek to recover damages if he or she suffers injury from the asbestos. Lastly,
some of these environmental laws restrict the use of a property or place conditions on various
activities. An example would be laws that require a business using chemicals to manage them
carefully and to notify local officials that the chemicals are being used.
We could be responsible for any of the costs discussed above. The costs to clean up a
contaminated property, to defend against a claim, or to comply with environmental laws could be
material and could adversely affect the funds available for distribution to our stockholders. We
generally expect to obtain Phase I environmental site assessments, or ESAs, on each property
prior to acquiring it. However, these ESAs may not reveal all environmental costs that might have a
material adverse effect on our business, assets, results of operations or liquidity and may not
identify all potential environmental liabilities.
We will utilize local third party property managers for day-to-day property management and
will rely on these third parties to operate our industrial properties in compliance with applicable
federal, state and local environmental laws in their daily operation of the respective properties
and to promptly notify us of any environmental contaminations or similar issues.
As a result, we may become subject to material environmental liabilities of which we are
unaware. We can make no assurances that (1) future laws or regulations will not impose material
environmental liabilities on us, or (2) the environmental condition of our industrial properties
will not be affected by the condition of the properties in the vicinity of our industrial
properties (such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or by third parties
unrelated to us.
Employees
Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke are currently our only executive officers. We currently have
eight employees. None of our employees is a member of any union.
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Available Information
We maintain an internet website at the following address: www.terreno.com. The
information on our website is neither part of nor incorporated by reference in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K. We make available on or through our website certain reports and amendments to those
reports that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, in
accordance with the Exchange Act. These include our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly
reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K and exhibits and amendments to these reports,
and Section 16 filings. We make this information available on our website free of charge as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the
SEC.
Copies of our audit committee charter, compensation committee charter, nominating and corporate governance
committee charter, corporate governance guidelines and code of business conduct and ethics are also available
on our website under Investors & Media
Corporate Profile Governance Documents.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |
The following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K
should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones
that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we may currently
deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. If any of the following risks occur, our
business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Properties
We have a limited operating history and may not be able to successfully operate our business or
generate sufficient operating cash flows to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders.
We were organized in November 2009 and have only a limited operating history after commencing
operations on February 16, 2010. Our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders
will depend on many factors, including our ability to identify attractive acquisition opportunities
consistent with our investment strategy, our success in consummating acquisitions on favorable
terms, the level and volatility of interest rates, readily accessible short-term and long-term
financing on favorable terms and conditions in the financial markets, the real estate market and
the economy. We will face competition in acquiring attractive industrial properties on advantageous
terms. The value of the industrial properties that we acquire may decline substantially after we
purchase them. We may not be able to successfully operate our business or implement our operating
policies and investment strategy. Furthermore, we may not be able to generate sufficient operating
cash flows to pay our operating expenses, service any debt we may incur in the future and make
distributions to our stockholders.
As a newly formed company, we are subject to the risks of any newly established business
enterprise, including risks that we will be unable to attract and retain qualified personnel,
create effective operating and financial controls and systems or effectively manage our anticipated
growth, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our operating
results.
Other
than with respect to one industrial property that we recently
acquired and one industrial property that we recently agreed to acquire, subject to
the satisfaction of closing conditions, stockholders will be unable to evaluate the allocation of
net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement or the economic
merits of our investments prior to investing in our company.
We
recently acquired an industrial property located in Fremont,
California, and we recently entered into an agreement, which is subject to the satisfaction of closing
conditions, to acquire an industrial property located in San Jose,
California, but we currently do not own any other properties and have no
agreements to acquire any other properties. In addition, there is no assurance that the closing
conditions necessary to complete the acquisition of the industrial
property we have agreed to
acquire will be satisfied. Other than with respect to the industrial
property that we recently acquired and the industrial property that we
recently agreed to acquire, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, stockholders will be
unable to evaluate the allocation of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and our
concurrent private placement or the economic merits of our investments before making an investment
decision to purchase our common stock. We have broad authority to invest the net proceeds of our
initial public offering and the concurrent private placement in any real estate investments that we
may identify in the future, and we may use those proceeds to make investments with which our
stockholders may not agree. In addition, our investment policies may be amended or revised from
time to time at the discretion of our board of directors, without a vote of our stockholders. These
factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our common stock.
Although we intend to invest the net proceeds of
our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement in industrial properties
within six to twelve months after the completion of our initial public offering, we cannot assure
you that we will be able to do so. Our failure to apply the net proceeds of our initial public
offering and the concurrent private placement effectively or find suitable industrial properties to
acquire in a timely manner or on acceptable terms could result in returns that are substantially
below expectations or result in losses.
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Prior to the full investment of the net offering proceeds in industrial properties, we will
continue to invest the net offering proceeds in interest-bearing short-term U.S. government and
government agency securities, which are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. These
investments are expected to provide a lower net return than we will seek to achieve from our
investments in industrial properties. We may not be able to identify other industrial investments
that meet our investment criteria, we may not be successful in completing any investments we
identify and our investments may not produce acceptable, or any, returns. We may be unable to
invest the net offering proceeds on acceptable terms, or at all.
Our senior managements past experience in operating a publicly traded REIT may not be sufficient
to successfully operate our company.
We cannot assure you that the past experience of our chairman and chief executive officer and
our president and chief financial officer in operating a publicly traded industrial REIT will be
sufficient to successfully operate our company as a REIT or a publicly traded company, including
the requirements to timely meet disclosure requirements and comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002. Failure to maintain REIT status would have an adverse effect on our financial condition,
results of operations, cash flows, per share trading price of our common stock and ability to
satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Our investments will be concentrated in the industrial real estate sector, and our business would
be adversely affected by an economic downturn in that sector.
Our investments in real estate assets will be concentrated in the industrial real estate
sector. This concentration may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in this sector to a
greater extent than if our business activities included a more significant portion of other sectors
of the real estate industry.
Events or occurrences that affect areas in which our properties will be located may impact
financial results.
In addition to general, regional, national and international economic conditions, our
operating performance will be impacted by the economic conditions of the specific markets in which
we operate. We intend to acquire industrial properties primarily in the following markets: Los
Angeles Area; Northern New Jersey/New York City; San Francisco Bay Area; Seattle Area; Miami Area;
and Washington, D.C./Baltimore. Many of these markets experienced downturns in recent years. If the
recent downturn in the economy in any of these markets persists and we fail to accurately predict
the timing of economic improvement in these markets, our operations and our revenue and cash
available for distribution, including cash available to pay distributions to our stockholders,
could be materially adversely affected.
We depend on key personnel.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of certain key personnel
including, but not limited to, our chairman and chief executive officer and our president and chief
financial officer, each of whom would be difficult to replace. If any of our key personnel were to
cease employment with us, our operating results could suffer. Our ability to retain our senior
management group or to attract suitable replacements should any members of the senior management
group leave is dependent on the competitive nature of the employment market. The loss of services
from key members of the management group or a limitation in their availability could adversely
impact our financial condition and cash flows. Further, such a loss could be negatively perceived
in the capital markets. We have not obtained and do not expect to obtain key man life insurance on
any of our key personnel.
We also believe that, as we expand, our future success depends, in large part, upon our
ability to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, investment, financial and operational
personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure our stockholders that we
will be successful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel.
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Failure of the projected improvement in industrial operating fundamentals may adversely affect our
ability to execute our business plan.
A substantial part of our business plan is based on our belief that industrial operating
fundamentals are expected to improve significantly over the next several years. We cannot assure
you as to whether or when industrial operating fundamentals will in fact improve or to what extent
they improve. In the event conditions in the industry do not improve when and as we expect, or
deteriorate, our ability to execute our business plan may be adversely affected.
Our long-term growth will depend upon future acquisitions of properties, and we may be unable to
consummate acquisitions on advantageous terms, the acquired properties may not perform as we
expect, or we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate our new acquisitions into our
existing operations.
We intend to acquire high quality industrial properties primarily in six coastal markets in
the United States. The acquisition of properties entails various risks, including the risks that
our investments may not perform as we expect, that we may be unable to quickly and efficiently
integrate our new acquisitions into our existing operations and that our cost estimates for
bringing an acquired property up to market standards may prove inaccurate. In addition, we cannot
assure you of the availability of investment opportunities in our targeted markets at attractive
pricing levels. In the event that such opportunities are not available in our targeted markets as
we expect, our ability to execute our business plan may be adversely affected. Further, we face
significant competition for attractive investment opportunities from other well-capitalized real
estate investors, including pension funds and their advisors, bank and insurance company investment
accounts, other public and private real estate investment companies and REITs, real estate limited
partnerships, owner-users, individuals and other entities engaged in real estate investment
activities, some of which have a history of operations, greater financial resources than we do and
a greater ability to borrow funds to acquire properties. This competition increases as investments
in real estate become increasingly attractive relative to other forms of investment. As a result of
competition, we may be unable to acquire properties as we desire or the purchase price may be
significantly elevated.
In addition, we expect to finance future acquisitions through a combination of borrowings
under our senior revolving credit facility and the use of retained cash flows, long-term debt and
the issuance of common and perpetual preferred stock, which may not be available at all or on
advantageous terms and which could adversely affect our cash flows. Any of the above risks could
adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay
distributions on, and the market price of, our common stock.
We may be unable to source off-market deal flow in the future.
The main component of our growth strategy is to acquire industrial real estate assets.
Properties that are acquired off-market are typically more attractive to us as a purchaser because
of the absence of a formal sales process, which could lead to higher prices. If we cannot obtain
off-market deal flow in the future, our ability to locate and acquire industrial properties at
attractive prices could be adversely affected.
Our real estate redevelopment strategies may not be successful.
In connection with our business strategy, we may pursue redevelopment opportunities of
industrial properties that we own and construct improvements at a fixed contract price. We will be
subject to risks associated with our redevelopment and renovation activities that could adversely
affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay distributions
on, and the market price of, our common stock, including, but not limited to:
| the risk that redevelopment projects in which we have invested may be abandoned and the related investment will be impaired; | ||
| the risk that we may not be able to obtain, or may experience delays in obtaining, all necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other governmental permits and authorizations; | ||
| the risk that we may not be able to obtain financing for redevelopment projects on favorable terms; |
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| the risk that construction costs of a renovation project may exceed the original estimates or that construction may not be concluded on schedule, making the project less profitable than originally estimated or not profitable at all (including the possibility of contract default, the effects of local weather conditions, the possibility of local or national strikes and the possibility of shortages in materials, building supplies or energy and fuel for equipment); | ||
| the risk that delays in completion of construction could also give tenants the right to terminate preconstruction leases for space at a newly redeveloped project; | ||
| the risk that the contractors failure to perform may result in legal action by us to rescind the purchase or construction contract or to enforce the contractors obligations; | ||
| the risk that, upon completion of a renovation, we may not be able to obtain, or obtain on advantageous terms, permanent financing for activities that we have financed through construction loans; | ||
| the risk that occupancy levels and the rents that can be charged for a completed project will not be met, making the project unprofitable; | ||
| the risk that we may expend funds on and devote managements time to projects which we do not complete; and | ||
| the risk that we may be unable to complete redevelopment and/or leasing of a property on schedule or on budget. |
Actions of our joint venture partners could negatively impact our performance.
We may acquire and/or redevelop properties through joint ventures, limited liability companies
and partnerships with other persons or entities when warranted by the circumstances. Such partners
may share certain approval rights over major decisions. Such investments may involve risks not
otherwise present with other methods of investment in real estate, including, but not limited to:
| that our co-member, co-venturer or partner in an investment might become bankrupt, which would mean that we and any other remaining general partners, members or co-venturers would generally remain liable for the partnerships, limited liability companys or joint ventures liabilities; | ||
| that such co-member, co-venturer or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals that are or become inconsistent with our business interests or goals; | ||
| that such co-member, co-venturer or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives, including our current policy with respect to maintaining our qualification as a REIT; | ||
| that, if our partners fail to fund their share of any required capital contributions, we may be required to contribute such capital; | ||
| that joint venture, limited liability company and partnership agreements often restrict the transfer of a co-venturers, members or partners interest or may otherwise restrict our ability to sell the interest when we desire or on advantageous terms; | ||
| that our relationships with our partners, co-members or co-venturers are contractual in nature and may be terminated or dissolved under the terms of the agreements and, in such event, we may not continue to own or operate the interests or assets underlying such relationship or may need to purchase such interests or assets at an above-market price to continue ownership; | ||
| that disputes between us and our partners, co-members or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business and result in subjecting the properties owned by the applicable partnership, limited liability company or joint venture to additional risk; and |
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| that we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our partners, co-members or co-venturers. |
We generally will seek to maintain sufficient control of our partnerships, limited liability
companies and joint ventures to permit us to achieve our business objectives; however, we may not
be able to do so, and the occurrence of one or more of the events described above could adversely
affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay distributions
on, and the market price of, our common stock.
If we invest in a limited partnership as a general partner, we could be responsible for all
liabilities of such partnership.
In some joint ventures or other investments we may make, if the entity in which we invest is a
limited partnership, we may acquire all or a portion of our interest in such partnership as a
general partner. As a general partner, we could be liable for all the liabilities of such
partnership. Additionally, we may be required to take our interests in other investments as a
non-managing general partner. Consequently, we would be potentially liable for all such liabilities
without having the same rights of management or control over the operation of the partnership as
the managing general partner or partners may have. Therefore, we may be held responsible for all of
the liabilities of an entity in which we do not have full management rights or control, and our
liability may far exceed the amount or value of the investment we initially made or then had in the
partnership.
We will utilize local third party managers for day-to-day property management.
We will utilize local third party managers for day-to-day property management. Our cash flows
from our industrial properties may be adversely affected if our managers fail to provide quality
services. In addition, our managers or their affiliates may manage, and in some cases may own,
invest in or provide credit support or operating guarantees to industrial properties that compete
with industrial properties that we acquire, which may result in conflicts of interest and decisions
regarding the operation of our industrial properties that are not in our best interests.
We may not realize any investment opportunities from our use of third parties to manage our
properties.
We will utilize local third party property managers for day-to-day property management. While
property management firms can be an important source of investment opportunities, we cannot assure
you that we will realize any investment opportunities from these relationships.
The availability and timing of cash distributions is uncertain.
We intend over time to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock.
However, we bear all expenses incurred by our operations, and the funds generated by our
operations, after deducting these expenses, may not be sufficient to cover desired levels of
distributions to our stockholders. In addition, our board of directors, in its discretion, may
retain any portion of such cash for working capital. Our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders also will depend on our levels of retained cash flows, which we intend to use as a
source of investment capital. We cannot assure our stockholders that sufficient funds will be
available to pay distributions. Our corporate strategy is to fund the payment of quarterly
distributions to our stockholders entirely from distributable cash flows. However, we may fund our
quarterly distributions to our stockholders from a combination of available cash flows, net of
recurring capital expenditures, and proceeds from borrowings. In the event we are unable to
consistently fund future quarterly distributions to our stockholders entirely from distributable
cash flows the value of our shares may be negatively impacted.
We will be dependent on tenants for our revenues.
We will be dependent on tenants for our revenues. Our operating results and distributable cash
flows would be adversely affected if a significant number of our tenants were unable to meet their
lease obligations or failed to renew the leases we will enter into with such tenants. In addition,
certain of our properties may be occupied by a single tenant. As a result, the success of those
properties will depend on the financial stability of a single tenant.
Lease payment defaults by tenants could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to
stockholders. A default by a tenant on its lease payments could force us to find an alternative
source of revenues to pay any mortgage loan or operating expenses on the property. In the event of
a tenant default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur
substantial costs, including litigation and related expenses, in protecting our investment and
re-leasing our property. If a lease is terminated, we may be unable to lease the property for the
rent previously received or sell the property without incurring a loss.
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We may not have funding for future tenant improvements.
When a tenant at one of the properties we acquire does not renew the lease we will enter into
with such tenant or otherwise vacates its space in one of our buildings, it is likely that, in
order to attract one or more new tenants, we will be required to expend funds to construct new
tenant improvements in the vacated space. Although we intend to manage our cash position or
financing availability to pay for any improvements required for re-leasing, we cannot assure our
stockholders that we will have adequate sources of funding available to us for such purposes in the
future.
We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or re-lease space as leases expire.
We cannot assure you that after we acquire industrial properties and enter into leases with
respect to the properties, such leases will be renewed or that such properties will be re-leased at
net effective rental rates equal to or above the then current average net effective rental rates.
If the rental rates for our properties decrease, our tenants do not renew their leases or we do not
re-lease a significant portion of our available space and space for which leases are scheduled to
expire, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution
to you, per share trading price of our common stock and our ability to satisfy our debt service
obligations could be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we are unable to renew leases
or re-lease a property, the resale value of that property could be diminished because the market
value of a particular property will depend principally upon the value of the leases of such
property.
We face potential adverse effects from the bankruptcies or insolvencies of tenants.
The bankruptcy or insolvency of the tenants of the properties we acquire may adversely affect
the income produced by our properties. The tenants of the properties we acquire, particularly those
that are highly leveraged, could file for bankruptcy protection or become insolvent in the future.
Under bankruptcy law, a tenant cannot be evicted solely because of its bankruptcy. On the other
hand, a bankrupt tenant may reject and terminate its lease with us. In such case, our claim against
the bankrupt tenant for unpaid and future rent would be subject to a statutory cap that might be
substantially less than the remaining rent actually owed under the lease, and, even so, our claim
for unpaid rent would likely not be paid in full. This shortfall could adversely affect our cash
flows and results of operations.
Declining real estate valuations and impairment charges could adversely affect our earnings and
financial condition.
We intend to review the carrying value of our properties when circumstances, such as adverse
market conditions (including conditions resulting from the current global economic recession),
indicate potential impairment may exist. We intend to base our review on an estimate of the future
cash flows (excluding interest charges) expected to result from the real estate investments use
and eventual disposition. We intend to consider factors such as future operating income, trends and
prospects, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If our
evaluation indicates that we may be unable to recover the carrying value of a real estate
investment, an impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the
estimated fair value of the property. These losses would have a direct impact on our net income
because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income. The
evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions
regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from
actual results in future periods. A worsening real estate market may cause us to reevaluate the
assumptions used in our impairment analysis. Impairment charges could adversely affect our
financial condition, results of operations, cash available for distribution, including cash
available for us to pay distributions to our stockholders and per share trading price of our common
stock.
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If we cannot obtain financing, our growth will be limited.
To qualify as a REIT, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income
(determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains) each year
to our stockholders, and we generally expect to make distributions in excess of such amount. As a
result, our ability to retain earnings to fund acquisitions, redevelopment and development, if any,
or other capital expenditures will be limited. On March 24, 2010, we consummated a three-year,
$50.0 million senior revolving credit facility with KeyBank National Association (an affiliate of
KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., which was a lead manager in our initial public offering), as
administrative agent, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., in its capacity as the lead arranger, to
finance acquisitions and for working capital requirements. Terreno has agreed to guarantee the
obligations of the borrower (a wholly-owned subsidiary) under the senior revolving credit facility.
If adverse conditions in the credit markets in particular with respect to real estate
materially deteriorate, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Our long-term
ability to grow through investments in industrial properties will be limited if we cannot obtain
additional financing on favorable terms. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain
financing, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional debt or equity
financing or that we will be able to obtain it on favorable terms.
Future debt service obligations could adversely affect our overall operating results, may require
us to sell industrial properties and could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to
our stockholders and the market price of our shares of common stock.
Our business strategy contemplates the use of both non-recourse secured and unsecured debt to
finance long-term growth. While we intend to limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of
our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding shares of preferred
stock to less than 40% of our total enterprise value, our governing documents contain no
limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur, and our board of directors may change our
financing policy at any time without stockholder approval. We also intend to maintain a fixed
charge coverage ratio in excess of 2.0x and over the long-term, limit the principal amount of our
outstanding floating rate debt to less than 20% of our total consolidated indebtedness. Our board
of directors may modify or eliminate these limitations at any time without the approval of our
stockholders. As a result, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt, including secured
debt, in the future. Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:
| our cash flows from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest; | ||
| our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions; | ||
| we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes; | ||
| the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced; and | ||
| the use of leverage could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our shares of common stock. |
If we incur debt in the future, including debt under our senior revolving credit facility, and
do not have sufficient funds to repay such debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance the
debt through additional debt or additional equity financings. If, at the time of any refinancing,
prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancings,
increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flows, and, consequently, cash
available for distribution to our stockholders. If we are unable to refinance our debt on
acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of industrial properties on disadvantageous terms,
potentially resulting in losses. We may place mortgages on industrial properties that we acquire to
secure a revolving credit facility or other debt. To the extent we cannot meet any future debt
service obligations, we will risk losing some or all of our industrial properties that may be
pledged to secure our obligations to foreclosure. Also, covenants applicable to any future debt
could impair our planned investment strategy and, if violated, result in a default.
Higher interest rates could increase debt service requirements on any floating rate debt that
we incur and could reduce the amounts available for distribution to our stockholders, as well as
reduce funds available for our
operations, future business opportunities, or other purposes. In addition, an increase in
interest rates could decrease the amount third parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby
limiting our ability to change our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other
conditions. We may obtain in the future one or more forms of interest rate protection in the form
of swap agreements, interest rate cap contracts or similar agreements to hedge against the
possible negative effects of interest rate fluctuations. However, such hedging has costs and we
cannot assure you that any hedging will adequately relieve the adverse effects of interest rate
increases or that counterparties under these agreements will honor their obligations thereunder.
Adverse economic conditions could also cause the terms on which we borrow to be unfavorable. We
could be required to liquidate one or more of our industrial properties in order to meet our debt
service obligations at times which may not permit us to receive an attractive return on our
investments.
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Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect results of
operations.
We may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging
arrangements, such as cap agreements and swap agreements. These agreements involve the risks that
these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to exchange or interest rate
changes and that a court could rule that such agreements are not legally enforceable. Hedging may
reduce overall returns on our investments. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate
changes may materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Our senior revolving credit facility contains, and we expect that our future indebtedness will
contain, covenants that could limit our operations and our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders.
On March 24, 2010, we consummated a three-year, $50.0 million senior revolving credit facility
with KeyBank National Association (an affiliate of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., which was a lead
manager in our initial public offering), as administrative agent, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.,
in its capacity as the lead arranger. Terreno has agreed to guarantee the obligations of the
borrower (a wholly-owned subsidiary) under the senior revolving credit facility. Our senior
revolving credit facility contains, and we expect that our future indebtedness will contain,
financial and operating covenants, such as fixed charge coverage and debt ratios and other
limitations that will restrict our ability to make distributions or other payments to our
stockholders and may restrict our investment activities. These covenants may restrict our ability
to engage in transactions that we believe would otherwise be in the best interests of our
stockholders. Failure to meet our financial covenants could result from, among other things,
changes in our results of operations, the incurrence of debt or changes in general economic
conditions. In addition, the failure of both our Chief Executive Officer and our President and
Chief Financial Officer or any successors approved by the administrative agent to continue to be
active in our day-to-day management constitutes an event of default under our senior revolving
credit facility. We have 120 days under our senior revolving credit facility to hire a successor
executive reasonably satisfactory to the administrative agent in the event that both our Chief
Executive Officer and our President and Chief Financial Officer or any successors cease to be
active in our management. If we violate covenants or if there is an event of default under our
senior revolving credit facility or in our future agreements, we could be required to repay all or
a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange
financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all.
In the future, we will rely on debt financing, including borrowings under our senior revolving
credit facility, issuances of unsecured debt securities and debt secured by individual properties,
to finance our acquisition activities and for working capital. If we are unable to obtain debt
financing from these or other sources, or to refinance existing indebtedness upon maturity, our
financial condition and results of operations would likely be adversely affected. In addition, any
unsecured debt agreements we enter into may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect
to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we
are in default under other loans in some circumstances. Defaults under our debt agreements could
materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may acquire outstanding debt secured by an industrial property, which may expose us to risks.
We may consider acquiring outstanding debt secured by an industrial property from lenders and
investors if we believe we can acquire ownership of the underlying property in the near-term
through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or other means. However, if we do acquire such
debt, borrowers may seek to assert various defenses to our foreclosure or other actions and we may
not be successful in acquiring the underlying property on a timely basis, or at all, in which event
we could incur significant costs and experience significant delays in acquiring such
properties, all of which could adversely affect our financial performance and reduce our
expected returns from such investments. In addition, we may not earn a current return on such
investments particularly if the loan that we acquire is in default.
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Adverse changes in our credit ratings could negatively affect our financing activity.
The credit ratings of the senior unsecured long-term debt that we may incur in the future and
preferred stock we may issue in the future are based on our operating performance, liquidity and
leverage ratios, overall financial position and other factors employed by the credit rating
agencies in their rating analyses of us. Our credit ratings can affect the amount of capital we can
access, as well as the terms and pricing of any debt we may incur. There can be no assurance that
we will be able to obtain or maintain our credit ratings, and in the event our credit ratings are
downgraded, we would likely incur higher borrowing costs and may encounter difficulty in obtaining
additional financing. Also, a downgrade in our credit ratings may trigger additional payments or
other negative consequences under our future credit facilities and debt instruments. For example,
if our credit ratings of any future senior unsecured long-term debt are downgraded to below
investment grade levels, we may not be able to obtain or maintain extensions on certain of our then
existing debt. Adverse changes in our credit ratings could negatively impact our refinancing
activities, our ability to manage our debt maturities, our future growth, our financial condition,
the market price of our stock, and our acquisition activities.
Our business could be adversely impacted if we have deficiencies in our disclosure controls and
procedures or internal control over financial reporting.
We are a newly formed company and have undertaken substantial work to prepare and implement
adequate disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting.
However, the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal
control over financial reporting may not prevent all errors, misstatements or misrepresentations.
While management will review the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and
internal control over financial reporting, there can be no guarantee that our internal control over
financial reporting will be effective in accomplishing all control objectives all of the time.
Deficiencies, including any material weakness, in our internal control over financial reporting
which may occur in the future could result in misstatements of our results of operations,
restatements of our financial statements, a decline in our stock price, or otherwise materially
adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.
We may make acquisitions, which pose integration and other risks that could harm our business.
We may be required to incur debt and expenditures and issue additional shares of our common
stock to pay for industrial properties that we acquire, which may dilute our stockholders
ownership interests and may delay, or prevent, our profitability. These acquisitions may also
expose us to risks such as:
| the possibility that we may not be able to successfully integrate acquired properties into our operations; | ||
| the possibility that additional capital expenditures may be required; | ||
| the possibility that senior management may be required to spend considerable time negotiating agreements and integrating acquired properties; | ||
| the possible loss or reduction in value of acquired properties; | ||
| the possibility of pre-existing undisclosed liabilities regarding acquired properties, including but not limited to environmental or asbestos liability, of which our insurance may be insufficient or for which we may be unable to secure insurance coverage; and | ||
| the possibility that a concentration of our industrial properties in the Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area and the Seattle Area may increase our exposure to seismic activity, especially if these industrial properties are located on or near fault zones. |
We expect acquisition costs, including capital expenditures required to render industrial
properties operational, to increase in the future. If our revenue does not keep pace with these
potential acquisition costs, we
may not be able to maintain our current or expected earnings as we absorb these additional
expenses. There is no assurance we would successfully overcome these risks or any other problems
encountered with these acquisitions.
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Our property taxes could increase due to property tax rate changes or reassessment, which would
impact our cash flows.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we will be required to pay some
state and local taxes on properties that we acquire. The real property taxes on the properties we
acquire may increase as property tax rates change or as our properties are assessed or reassessed
by taxing authorities. Therefore, the amount of property taxes we pay in the future may increase
substantially. If the property taxes we pay increase, our cash flows will be impacted, and our
ability to pay expected distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
The conflict of interest policies we have adopted may not adequately address all of the conflicts
of interest that may arise with respect to our activities.
In order to avoid any actual or perceived conflicts of interest with our directors, officers
or employees, we have adopted certain policies to specifically address some of the potential
conflicts relating to our activities. In addition, our board of directors is subject to certain
provisions of Maryland law, which are also designed to eliminate or minimize conflicts. Although
under these policies the approval of a majority of our disinterested directors will be required to
approve any transaction, agreement or relationship in which any of our directors, officers or
employees has an interest, there is no assurance that these policies will be adequate to address
all of the conflicts that may arise or will address such conflicts in a manner that is favorable to
us.
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
Our performance and value are subject to general economic conditions and risks associated with our
real estate assets.
The investment returns available from equity investments in real estate depend on the amount
of income earned and capital appreciation generated by the properties, as well as the expenses
incurred in connection with the properties. If the properties we acquire do not generate income
sufficient to meet operating expenses, including debt service and capital expenditures, then our
ability to pay distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected. In addition, there
are significant expenditures associated with an investment in real estate (such as mortgage
payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs) that generally do not decline when circumstances
reduce the income from the property. Income from and the value of the properties we acquire may be
adversely affected by:
| downturns in national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment); | ||
| the attractiveness of the properties we acquire to potential tenants and competition from other industrial properties; | ||
| changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area; | ||
| bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by the tenants of the properties we acquire; | ||
| changes in interest rates, availability and terms of debt financing; | ||
| changes in operating costs and expenses and our ability to control rents; | ||
| changes in, or increased costs of compliance with, governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws, and our potential liability thereunder; | ||
| our ability to provide adequate maintenance and insurance; | ||
| changes in the cost or availability of insurance, including coverage for mold or asbestos; |
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| unanticipated changes in costs associated with known adverse environmental conditions or retained liabilities for such conditions; | ||
| periods of high interest rates and tight money supply; | ||
| tenant turnover; | ||
| general overbuilding or excess supply in the market area; and | ||
| disruptions in the global supply chain caused by political, regulatory or other factors including terrorism. |
In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates or declining
demand for real estate, or public perception that any of these events may occur, would result in a
general decrease in rents or an increased occurrence of defaults under existing leases, which would
adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Future terrorist attacks may
result in declining economic activity, which could reduce the demand for, and the value of, the
properties we acquire. To the extent that future attacks impact the tenants of the properties we
acquire, their businesses similarly could be adversely affected, including their ability to
continue to honor their existing leases. For these and other reasons, we cannot assure our
stockholders that we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our real
estate properties.
Actions by our competitors may decrease or prevent increases in the occupancy and rental rates of
the properties we acquire.
We compete with other developers, owners and operators of real estate, some of which own
properties similar to the properties we may acquire in the same markets and submarkets in which the
properties we acquire may be located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current
market rates or below the rental rates we will charge the tenants of the properties we acquire, we
may lose potential tenants, and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates in order to retain
tenants when such tenants leases expire. In addition, if our competitors sell assets similar to
assets we intend to divest in the same markets and/or at valuations below our valuations for
comparable assets, we may be unable to divest our assets at all or at favorable pricing or on
favorable terms. As a result of these actions by our competitors, our financial condition, cash
flows, cash available for distribution, trading price of our common stock and ability to satisfy
our debt service obligations could be materially adversely affected.
Real estate investments are not as liquid as other types of assets, which may reduce economic
returns to investors.
Real estate investments are not as liquid as other types of investments, and this lack of
liquidity may limit our ability to react promptly to changes in economic, financial, investment or
other conditions. In addition, significant expenditures associated with real estate investments,
such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs, are generally not reduced when
circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investments. In addition, we intend to comply
with the safe harbor rules relating to the number of properties that can be disposed of in a year,
the tax bases and the costs of improvements made to these properties, and meet other tests which
enable a REIT to avoid punitive taxation on the sale of assets. Thus, our ability at any time to
sell assets or contribute assets to property funds or other entities in which we have an ownership
interest may be restricted. This lack of liquidity may limit our ability to vary our portfolio
promptly in response to changes in economic financial, investment or other conditions and, as a
result, could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and our
ability to pay distributions on, and the market price of, our common stock.
Uninsured or underinsured losses relating to real property may adversely affect our returns.
We will attempt to ensure that all of the properties we acquire are adequately insured to
cover casualty losses. However, there are certain losses, including losses from floods, fires,
earthquakes, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, that are not generally insured against or
that are not generally fully insured against because it is not deemed economically feasible or
prudent to do so. In addition, changes in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to
uninsured casualty losses. In the event that any of the properties we acquire incurs a casualty
loss that is not fully covered by insurance, the value of our assets will be reduced by the amount
of any such uninsured loss, and we could experience a significant loss of capital invested and
potential revenues in these properties and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse
debt associated with the property. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances,
environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using
insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a property after it has been damaged or destroyed.
Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our
economic position on the damaged or destroyed property. Any such losses could adversely affect our
financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and ability to pay distributions on, and the
market price of, our common stock. In addition, we may have no source of funding to repair or
reconstruct the damaged property, and we cannot assure that any such sources of funding will be
available to us for such purposes in the future.
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We intend to acquire properties in the Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area and the
Seattle Area, which are located in areas that are known to be subject to earthquake activity.
Although we intend to carry replacement-cost earthquake insurance on all of the properties we
acquire located in areas historically subject to seismic activity, subject to coverage limitations
and deductibles that we believe are commercially reasonable, we may not be able to obtain coverage
to cover all losses with respect to such properties on economically favorable terms, which could
expose us to uninsured casualty losses. We intend to evaluate our earthquake insurance coverage
annually in light of current industry practice.
We intend to acquire properties in the Seattle Area, which is known to be subject to flood
risk, and in the Miami Area, which is known to be subject to hurricane and/or flood risk. Although
we intend to carry replacement-cost hurricane and/or flood hazard insurance on all of the
properties we acquire located in areas historically subject to such activity, subject to coverage
limitations and deductibles that we believe are commercially reasonable, we may not be able to
obtain coverage to cover all losses with respect to such properties on economically favorable
terms, which could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. We intend to evaluate our insurance
coverage annually in light of current industry practice.
Contingent or unknown liabilities could adversely affect our financial condition.
We may in the future acquire properties that are subject to liabilities and without any
recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a
liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of any of these entities or properties,
then we might have to pay substantial sums to settle it, which could adversely affect our cash
flows. Unknown liabilities with respect to entities or properties acquired might include:
| liabilities for clean-up or remediation of adverse environmental conditions; | ||
| accrued but unpaid liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; | ||
| tax liabilities; and | ||
| claims for indemnification by the general partners, officers and directors and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties. |
Environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a current or previous owner or
operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic
substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator
knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Even if more
than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by applicable
environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition,
third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages based on personal injury, natural
resources or property damage or other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting
from the environmental contamination. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on one of our
properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien
in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination, or otherwise
adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or borrow using the property as
collateral. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be
used or businesses may be operated. A property owner who violates environmental laws may be subject
to sanctions which may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, private
parties. In connection with the acquisition and ownership of our properties, we may be exposed to
such costs. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental
regulatory requirements or of
remediating any contaminated property could materially adversely affect our business, assets
or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
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Environmental laws in the U.S. also require that owners or operators of buildings containing
asbestos properly manage and maintain the asbestos, adequately inform or train those who may come
into contact with asbestos and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement,
in the event that asbestos is disturbed during building renovation or demolition. These laws may
impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators who fail to comply with these
requirements and may allow third parties to seek recovery from owners or operators for personal
injury associated with exposure to asbestos. Some of the properties we acquire may contain
asbestos-containing building materials.
We intend to invest in properties historically used for industrial, manufacturing and
commercial purposes. Some of these properties contain, or may have contained, underground storage
tanks for the storage of petroleum products and other hazardous or toxic substances. All of these
operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic
substances. Some of the properties we acquire may be adjacent to or near other properties that have
contained or currently contain underground storage tanks used to store petroleum products or other
hazardous or toxic substances. In addition, certain of the properties we acquire may be on or are
adjacent to or near other properties upon which others, including former owners or tenants of such
properties, have engaged, or may in the future engage, in activities that may release petroleum
products or other hazardous or toxic substances. As needed, we may obtain environmental insurance
policies on commercially reasonable terms that provide coverage for potential environmental
liabilities, subject to the policys coverage conditions and limitations. From time to time, we may
acquire properties, or interests in properties, with known adverse environmental conditions where
we believe that the environmental liabilities associated with these conditions are quantifiable and
that the acquisition will yield a superior risk-adjusted return. In such an instance, we underwrite
the costs of environmental investigation, clean-up and monitoring into the cost. Further, in
connection with property dispositions, we may agree to remain responsible for, and to bear the cost
of, remediating or monitoring certain environmental conditions on the properties.
We generally anticipate that our properties may be subject to a Phase I or similar
environmental assessment by independent environmental consultants at the time of acquisition. Phase
I assessments are intended to discover and evaluate information regarding the environmental
condition of the surveyed property and surrounding properties. Phase I assessments generally
include a historical review, a public records review, an investigation of the surveyed site and
surrounding properties, and preparation and issuance of a written report, but do not include soil
sampling or subsurface investigations and typically do not include an asbestos survey. Even if none
of our environmental assessments of our properties reveal an environmental liability that we
believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of
operations taken as a whole, we cannot give any assurance that such conditions do not exist or may
not arise in the future. Material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may
arise after the environmental assessment has been completed. Moreover, there can be no assurance
that (i) future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental
liability or (ii) the environmental condition of the properties we acquire will not be affected by
tenants, by the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of such properties (such as
releases from underground storage tanks), or by third parties unrelated to us.
Costs of complying with governmental laws and regulations with respect to properties we acquire may
adversely affect our income and the cash available for any distributions.
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state
and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety.
Tenants ability to operate and to generate income to pay their lease obligations may be affected
by permitting and compliance obligations arising under such laws and regulations. Some of these
laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or operators for the
costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts
causing the contamination were legal. Leasing properties we acquire to tenants that engage in
industrial, manufacturing, and commercial activities will cause us to be subject to the risk of
liabilities under environmental laws and regulations. In addition, the presence of hazardous or
toxic substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our
ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
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Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or
more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or
regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require us to incur material
expenditures. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability.
Additionally, the operations of the tenants of the properties we acquire, the existing condition of
land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of such properties, such as the presence of
underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect such properties. In
addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar
regulations with which we may be required to comply and which may subject us to liability in the
form of fines or damages for noncompliance. Any material expenditures, fines or damages we must pay
will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of our common stock. In
addition, changes in these laws and governmental regulations, or their interpretation by agencies
or the courts, could occur.
The impacts of climate-related initiatives at the U.S. federal and state levels remain uncertain at
this time but could result in increased operating costs.
Government authorities and various interest groups are promoting laws and regulations that
could limit greenhouse gas, or GHG, emissions due to concerns over contributions to climate change.
In June 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives approved comprehensive clean energy and climate
change legislation that is intended to cut GHG emissions, create new clean energy jobs and enhance
the energy independence of the United States. This legislation would reduce GHG emissions in the
United States through an economy-wide cap-and-trade program. The U.S. Senate also is considering
various forms of climate change legislation. To the extent the Senate passes climate change
legislation, such legislation would then need to be reconciled with the House bill. The State of
California has adopted a climate change law and other states in which we intend to operate are
considering similar actions. Moreover, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, is moving
to regulate GHG emissions from large stationary sources, including electricity producers, using its
own authority under the Clean Air Act. Any additional taxation or regulation of energy use,
including as a result of (i) the legislation that the U.S. Congress is currently considering, or
other state regulations or (ii) the regulations that U.S. EPA has proposed or may propose in the
future, could result in increased operating costs that we may not be able to effectively pass on to
our tenants. In addition, any increased regulation of GHG emissions could impose substantial costs
on our tenants. These costs include, for example, an increase in the cost of the fuel and other
energy purchased by our tenants and capital costs associated with updating or replacing their
trucks earlier than planned. Any such increased costs could impact the financial condition of our
tenants and their ability to meet their lease obligations and to lease or re-lease our properties.
We are exposed to the potential impacts of future climate change and climate-change related risks.
We may be exposed to potential physical risks from possible future changes in climate.
The industrial facilities that we acquire may be exposed to rare catastrophic weather events, such
as severe storms or floods. If the frequency of extreme weather events increases due to climate
change, our exposure to these events could increase.
Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other similar
regulations could result in substantial costs.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, places of public accommodation must meet certain
federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Noncompliance could result in
the imposition of fines by the federal government or the award of damages to private litigants. If
we are required to make unanticipated expenditures to comply with the Americans with Disabilities
Act, including removing access barriers, then our cash flows and the amounts available for
distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected. If we are required to make substantial
modifications to the properties we acquire, whether to comply with the Americans with Disabilities
Act or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, our financial condition, cash flows,
results of operations, the market price of our shares of common stock and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
We may be unable to sell a property if or when we decide to do so, including as a result of
uncertain market conditions, which could adversely affect the return on an investment in our common
stock.
We expect to hold the various real properties in which we invest until such time as we decide
that a sale or other disposition is appropriate given our investment objectives. Our ability to
dispose of properties on advantageous terms depends on factors beyond our control, including
competition from other sellers and the
availability of attractive financing for potential buyers of the properties we acquire. We
cannot predict the various market conditions affecting real estate investments which will exist at
any particular time in the future. Due to the uncertainty of market conditions which may affect the
future disposition of the properties we acquire, we cannot assure our stockholders that we will be
able to sell such properties at a profit in the future. Accordingly, the extent to which our
stockholders will receive cash distributions and realize potential appreciation on our real estate
investments will be dependent upon fluctuating market conditions.
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Furthermore, we may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements
before a property can be sold. We cannot assure our stockholders that we will have funds available
to correct such defects or to make such improvements. In acquiring a property, we may agree to
restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other
restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that
property. These provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
If we sell properties and provide financing to purchasers, defaults by the purchasers would
adversely affect our cash flows.
If we decide to sell any of the properties we acquire, we presently intend to sell them for
cash. However, if we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may
default, which could negatively impact our cash distributions to stockholders and result in
litigation and related expenses. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of
the proceeds of sales to our stockholders, or their reinvestment in other assets, will be delayed
until the promissory notes or other property we may accept upon a sale are actually paid, sold,
refinanced or otherwise disposed of.
Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure
Our board of directors may change significant corporate policies without stockholder approval.
Our investment, financing, borrowing and distribution policies and our policies with respect
to all other activities, including growth, debt, capitalization and operations, will be determined
by our board of directors. These policies may be amended or revised at any time and from time to
time at the discretion of the board of directors without a vote of our stockholders. In addition,
the board of directors may change our policies with respect to conflicts of interest provided that
such changes are consistent with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, including the
listing standards of the NYSE. A change in these policies could have an adverse effect on our
financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, per share trading price of our common stock
and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to pay distributions to you.
We could increase the number of authorized shares of stock and issue stock without stockholder
approval.
Subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, our charter authorizes our board of
directors, without stockholder approval, to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares of
stock or the number of authorized shares of stock of any class or series, to issue authorized but
unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued
shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to set the preferences, rights and other terms of
such classified or unclassified shares. Although our board of directors has no such intention at
the present time, it could establish a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms
of such series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a
premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, may have the effect of
inhibiting or deterring a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change
of control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our common
stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of such
shares, including:
| Business Combination provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an interested stockholder (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of our then outstanding voting shares) or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, and thereafter may impose special appraisal rights and special stockholder voting requirements on these combinations; and |
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| Control Share provisions that provide that control shares of our company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the stockholder, entitle the stockholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing directors) acquired in a control share acquisition (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of control shares) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares. |
We have opted out of these provisions of the MGCL, in the case of the business combination
provisions of the MGCL by resolution of our board of directors, and in the case of the control
share provisions of the MGCL pursuant to a provision in our bylaws. However, in the future, only
upon the approval of our stockholders, our board of directors may by resolution elect to opt in to
the business combination provisions of the MGCL and we may, only upon the approval of our
stockholders, by amendment to our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL.
In addition, the provisions of our charter on removal of directors and the advance notice
provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our
company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their
best interest. Likewise, if our companys board of directors were to opt in to the business
combination provisions of the MGCL or the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL, or if the
provision in our bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were
rescinded by our board of directors and our stockholders, these provisions of the MGCL could have
similar anti-takeover effects. See Material Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and
Bylaws Business Combinations and Material Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and
Bylaws Control Share Acquisitions and Material Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter
and Bylaws Certain Elective Provisions of Maryland Law.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are
limited.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability in that capacity if he or
she satisfies his or her duties to us and our stockholders. Our charter limits the liability of our
directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting
from:
| actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or | ||
| a final judgment based upon a finding of active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was material to the cause of action adjudicated. |
In addition, our charter will authorize us to obligate our company, and our bylaws will
require us, to indemnify our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities
to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more
limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist. Accordingly, in the
event that actions taken in good faith by any of our directors or officers impede the performance
of our company, your ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited. In
addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our directors and executive
officers, and may, in the discretion of our board of directors, advance the defense costs incurred
by our employees and other agents in connection with legal proceedings.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Failure to qualify as a REIT would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would
substantially reduce funds available for distributions to stockholders.
We intend to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
We believe that our organization and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the
requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that we will
qualify as such. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly
technical and complex provisions of the Code as to which there are only limited judicial and
administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not
entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative
interpretations or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the
tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal
income tax consequences of such qualification.
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If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year we will face serious tax consequences that
will substantially reduce the funds available for distributions to our stockholders because:
| we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates; | ||
| we could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes; and | ||
| unless we are entitled to relief under statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified. |
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to pay
distributions. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our
ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the value of our
common stock. See Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for a discussion of material
federal income tax consequences relating to us and our common stock.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flows.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and
local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income
from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, and state or local income, property
and transfer taxes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distributions to
stockholders.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our liquidity and may force us to borrow
funds or sell assets during unfavorable market conditions.
In order to maintain our REIT status and to meet the REIT distribution requirements, we may
need to borrow funds on a short-term basis or sell assets, even if the then-prevailing market
conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. To qualify as a REIT, we generally must
distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income each year, excluding capital
gains. In addition, we will be subject to corporate income tax to the extent we distribute less
than 100% of our net taxable income including any net capital gain. We intend to make distributions
to our stockholders to comply with the requirements of the Code for REITs and to minimize or
eliminate our corporate income tax obligation to the extent consistent with our business
objectives. Our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to fund required distributions as a
result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the recognition of income
for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation
of reserves or required debt service or amortization payments. The insufficiency of our cash flows
to cover our distribution requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to raise short-
and long-term debt or sell equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain
our REIT status. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if
any, by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our
ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior
years.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for reduced tax rates.
The maximum tax rate for dividends payable to individual U.S. stockholders is currently 15%
(through 2010). Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced
rates. However, to the extent such dividends are attributable to certain dividends that we receive
from a taxable REIT subsidiary, such dividends generally will be eligible for the reduced rates
that apply to qualified dividend income. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate
dividends could cause investors who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be
relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay
dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common
stock.
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We may in the future choose to pay dividends in our stock instead of cash, in which case
stockholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive.
Although we have no current intention to do so, we may, in the future, distribute taxable
dividends that are payable in cash and common stock at the election of each stockholder or
distribute other forms of taxable stock dividends. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends or
other forms of taxable stock dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend
as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, stockholders may be required to pay income taxes
with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder
sells the stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be
less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price
of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders,
we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in
respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a
significant number of our stockholders determine to sell common stock in order to pay taxes owed on
dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common stock.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or to
liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests
concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our
assets, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our capital stock. In
order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make. Thus,
compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our performance.
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the
value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate
assets. The remainder of our investments in securities (other than government securities and
qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the total voting power of
the outstanding securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding
securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets
(other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities
of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by the
securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. If we fail to comply with these
requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after
the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing
our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to
liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our
income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
If we fail to invest a sufficient amount of the net offering proceeds of our initial public
offering and the concurrent private placement in real estate assets within one year from the
receipt of the proceeds of the offering, we could jeopardize our REIT status.
Temporary investment of the net offering proceeds of our initial public offering and the
concurrent private placement in short-term securities and income from such investment generally
will allow us to satisfy various REIT income and asset qualifications, but only during the one-year
period beginning on the date we receive the net offering proceeds. If we are unable to invest a
sufficient amount of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and of the concurrent private
placement in industrial properties and other qualifying real estate assets within such one-year
period, we could fail to satisfy one of the gross income tests and/or we could be limited to
investing all or a portion of any remaining funds in cash or cash equivalents. If we fail to
satisfy such income test, unless we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code, we
could fail to qualify as a REIT.
Our relationship with any TRS will be limited, and a failure to comply with the limits would
jeopardize our REIT qualification and may result in the application of a 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. While we have no current intention
to own any interest in a TRS, we may own any such interest in the future. A TRS may earn income
that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. Overall, no more than
25% of the value of a REITs assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. A
domestic TRS will pay federal, state and local income tax at regular corporate rates on any income
that it earns. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a
TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate
taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and
its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
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Any TRS of ours will pay federal, state and local income tax on its taxable income, and its
after-tax net income is available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed to
us. We anticipate that the aggregate value of any TRS stock and securities owned by us will be
significantly less than 25% of the value of our total assets (including the TRS stock and
securities). Furthermore, we will monitor the value of our investments in TRSs for the purpose of
ensuring compliance with the rule that no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of
TRS stock and securities (which is applied at the end of each calendar quarter). In addition, we
will scrutinize all of our transactions with TRSs for the purpose of ensuring that they are entered
into on arms-length terms in order to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. No
assurance, however, can be given that we will be able to comply with the 25% limitation on
ownership of TRS stock and securities on an ongoing basis so as to maintain our REIT qualification
or avoid application of the 100% excise tax imposed on certain non-arms-length transactions.
The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval
may subject us to federal income tax and reduce distributions to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT
election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our
best interest to continue to be qualified as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become
subject to federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute
most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total
return to our stockholders and on the market price of our common stock.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market
price of our common stock.
At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations
of those laws may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new federal income tax law,
regulation, or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing federal income tax
law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective
and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our
stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, federal income tax law,
regulation or administrative interpretation.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Level of cash distributions, market interest rates and other factors may affect the value of our
common stock.
The market value of the equity securities of a REIT is based upon the markets perception of
the REITs growth potential and its current and potential future cash distributions, whether from
operations, sales or refinancings, and is based upon the real estate market value of the underlying
assets. For that reason, our common stock may trade at prices that are higher or lower than our net
asset value per share. To the extent we retain operating cash flows for investment purposes,
working capital reserves or other purposes, these retained funds, while increasing the value of our
underlying assets, may not correspondingly increase the market price of our common stock. Our
failure to meet the markets expectations with regard to future earnings and cash distributions
likely would adversely affect the market price of our common stock. In addition, the price of our
common stock will be influenced by the dividend yield on the common stock relative to market
interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently at low levels relative to
historical rates, could cause the market price of our common stock to go down. The trading price of
the shares of common stock will also depend on many other factors, which may change from time to
time, including:
| the market for similar securities; | ||
| the attractiveness of REIT securities in comparison to the securities of other companies, taking into account, among other things, the higher tax rates imposed on dividends paid by REITs; | ||
| government action or regulation; | ||
| general economic conditions; and | ||
| our financial condition, performance and prospects. |
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The number of shares of our common stock available for future sale could adversely affect the
market price of our common stock.
Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market or the
perception that such sales might occur could adversely affect the market price of the shares of our
common stock. The vesting of any restricted stock granted to certain directors, executive officers
and other employees under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, the issuance of our common stock in
connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and other issuances of our common
stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. Future sales of shares
of our common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
An active public market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained.
There can be no assurance that an active public market for our common stock will develop or be
sustained or that shares of our common stock will be resold at or above the price you paid for such
shares. In the absence of a public trading market, an investor may be unable to liquidate an
investment in our common stock. The market value of our common stock could be substantially
affected by general market conditions, including the extent to which a secondary market develops
for our common stock, the extent of institutional investor interest in us, the general reputation
of REITs and the attractiveness of their equity securities in comparison to other equity securities
(including securities issued by other real estate-based companies), our financial performance and
general stock and bond market conditions.
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our
common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of
our common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the
price you paid for such shares. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will
not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.
Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in
the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
| actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results or distributions; | ||
| changes in our funds from operations (as defined by NAREIT and discussed in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) or earnings; | ||
| publication of research reports about us or the real estate industry; | ||
| increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our shares to demand a higher yield; | ||
| changes in market valuations of similar companies; | ||
| adverse market reaction to any additional debt we incur in the future; | ||
| additions or departures of key management personnel; | ||
| actions by institutional stockholders; | ||
| speculation in the press or investment community; | ||
| the realization of any of the other risk factors presented in this prospectus; and | ||
| general market and economic conditions. |
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Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our common stock upon liquidation, and/or
preferred stock which may be senior to our common stock for purposes of dividend distributions or
upon liquidation, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
On March 24, 2010, we consummated a three-year, $50.0 million senior revolving credit facility
with KeyBank National Association (an affiliate of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., which was a lead
manager in our initial public offering), as administrative agent, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.,
in its capacity as the lead arranger, to finance acquisitions and for working capital requirements.
Terreno has agreed to guarantee the obligations of the borrower (a wholly-owned subsidiary) under
the senior revolving credit facility. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares
of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our
available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Additional equity offerings may dilute
the holdings of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both.
Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against
dilution. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions and
a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay a dividend or make another
distribution to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any
future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot
predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders
bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting
their stock holdings in us.
We have not established a minimum distribution payment level and we may be unable to generate
sufficient cash flows from our operations to make distributions to our stockholders at any time in
the future.
We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this
prospectus. We may not generate sufficient income to make distributions to our stockholders and
cannot predict when distributions consisting, in part, of cash flow from the industrial properties
we have acquired or expect to acquire will commence. We currently do not intend to use the net
proceeds from our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement to make
distributions to our stockholders but are not prohibited from doing so. However, to the extent we
do so, the amount of cash we have available to invest in industrial properties or for other
purposes would be reduced. Our board of directors has the sole discretion to determine the timing,
form and amount of any distributions to our stockholders. The amount of such distributions may be
limited until we have a portfolio of income-generating industrial properties. Our board of
directors will make determinations regarding distributions based upon, among other factors, our
financial performance, any debt service obligations, any debt covenants, and capital expenditure
requirements. Among the factors that could impair our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders are:
| our inability to invest the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement; | ||
| our inability to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns on our investments; | ||
| unanticipated expenses or reduced revenues that reduce our cash flow or non-cash earnings; and | ||
| decreases in the value of our industrial properties that we acquire. |
As a result, no assurance can be given that we will be able to make distributions to our
stockholders at any time in the future or that the level of any distributions we do make to our
stockholders will increase or even be maintained over time, any of which could materially and
adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
None.
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Item 2. | Properties. |
As of December 31, 2009, we did not own any properties and had no agreements to acquire any
properties. As more fully described in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we
agreed on March 9, 2010 to acquire, subject to the satisfaction
of closing conditions, an industrial property located in San Jose, California. In
addition, on March 26, 2010, we acquired an industrial property located in Fremont,
California.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material
litigation threatened against us.
Item 4. | (Removed and Reserved). |
PART II
Item 5. | Market for Our Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters. |
Market Information
Our shares of common stock commenced trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) under
the symbol TRNO on February 10, 2010. The following table sets forth, for the indicated period,
the high and low closing prices for our common stock, as reported on the NYSE:
Price Range | ||||||||
High | Low | |||||||
First Quarter 2010 (February 10, 2010 through March 15,
2010) |
$ | 19.46 | $ | 18.52 |
As of March 15, 2010, there were approximately 14 holders of record of shares of our common
stock. This number does not include stockholders for which shares are held in nominee or
street name.
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2009.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
On November 6, 2009, we issued 500 shares of our common stock to each of our executive
officers in connection with the formation and initial capitalization of our company for an
aggregate purchase price of $1,000. The shares were issued in reliance on the exemption set forth
in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. We used $1,000 of the net proceeds of our initial public
offering to repurchase the shares from our executive officers on February 16, 2010.
Concurrently with the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, we sold
an aggregate of 350,000 shares of our common stock to our executive officers in a private placement
at a price per share of $20 without payment of any underwriting discount. We received net proceeds
of approximately $7.0 million from the concurrent private placement. The private placement was
made pursuant to the exemption provided under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D
promulgated thereunder, based on representations made by each of the participants in the private
placement.
Concurrently with the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, Terreno
Capital Partners LLC, of which our executive officers were managing partners and co-founders,
contributed its fixed assets to us at their net book value of approximately $240,000. In exchange
for the contribution of these fixed assets, we issued to Terreno Capital Partners LLC 12,000 shares
of our common stock. The shares were issued pursuant to the
exemption provided under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated
thereunder, based on representations made by Terreno Capital Partners LLC.
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Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities
On February 9, 2010, the SEC declared effective our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File
No. 333-16016) in connection with our initial public offering, pursuant to which we registered and
sold 8,750,000 shares of our common stock for an aggregate offering amount of $175,000,000. The
offering was completed on February 16, 2010. We estimate that the net proceeds of our initial
public offering were approximately $162.8 million after deducting the full underwriting discount of
approximately $10.5 million and other estimated offering expenses of approximately $1.7 million.
The underwriters agreed to forego the receipt of payment of $0.80 per share, or approximately $7.0
million in the aggregate, until such time as we purchase assets in accordance with our investment
strategy as described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K with an aggregate purchase price
(including the amount of any outstanding indebtedness assumed or incurred by us) at least equal to
the net proceeds from our initial public offering (after deducting the full underwriting discount
and other estimated offering expenses payable by us), at which time, we have agreed to pay the
underwriters the remainder of the underwriting discount.
Our initial public offering was underwritten by Goldman, Sachs & Co. as representative of the
following underwriters: KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated and
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated.
We will invest the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private
placement in industrial properties in accordance with our investment strategy as described in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K and for general business purposes.
As more fully described in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we agreed on
March 9, 2010 to acquire, subject to the satisfaction of closing
conditions, an industrial property located in San Jose, California for a purchase
price of approximately $5.6 million. In addition, on
March 26, 2010, we acquired an
industrial property located in Fremont, California for a purchase
price of approximately $7.3
million.
Prior to the full investment of the net offering proceeds in industrial properties, we will
continue to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing short-term U.S. government and government
agency securities, which are consistent with our intention to qualify as a real estate investment
trust, or REIT. These initial investments are expected to provide a lower net return than we will
seek to achieve from investments in industrial properties.
Distribution Policy
We intend over time to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of shares of our common
stock when, as and if authorized by our board of directors and declared by us. However, until we
invest a substantial portion of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent
private placement in industrial properties, we expect our quarterly distributions will be nominal.
Our ability to make distributions to our stockholders also will depend on our levels of retained
cash flows, which we intend to use as a source of investment capital. In order to qualify for
taxation as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders an amount at least equal to:
(i) | 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain); plus | ||
(ii) | 90% of the excess of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Code; less | ||
(iii) | the sum of certain items of non-cash income. |
Generally, we expect to distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income so as to avoid the income
and excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. However, we cannot assure you as to when we
will begin to generate sufficient cash flows to make distributions to our stockholders or our
ability to sustain those distributions.
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The timing and frequency of distributions will be authorized by our board of directors and
declared by us based upon a variety of factors, including:
| actual results of operations; | ||
| our level of retained cash flows; | ||
| the timing of the investment of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement; | ||
| any debt service requirements; | ||
| capital expenditure requirements for our properties; | ||
| our taxable income; | ||
| the annual distribution requirement under the REIT provisions of the Code; | ||
| our operating expenses; | ||
| restrictions on the availability of funds under Maryland law; and | ||
| other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. |
In addition, our senior revolving credit facility has a covenant limiting our maximum REIT
distribution payout to 110% of our funds from operations in fiscal 2010, 100% of our funds from
operations in fiscal 2011 and 95% of our funds from operations in fiscal years thereafter (subject
to distribution payments necessary to preserve our REIT status). To the extent that, in respect of
any calendar year, cash available for distribution is less than our REIT taxable income, we could
be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or make a portion of the
required distribution in the form of a taxable share distribution or distribution of debt
securities. In addition, prior to the time we have fully invested the net proceeds of our initial
public offering and the concurrent private placement, we currently do not expect to, although we
are not prohibited from, funding our quarterly distributions out of such net proceeds. The use of
our net proceeds for distributions could be dilutive to our financial results. In addition, funding
our distributions from our net proceeds may constitute a return of capital to our investors, which
would have the effect of reducing each stockholders basis in its shares of common stock. Income as
computed for purposes of the tax rules described above will not necessarily correspond to our
income as determined for financial reporting purposes.
Distributions to our stockholders generally will be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary
income; however, because a significant portion of our investments will be equity ownership
interests in industrial properties, which will generate depreciation and other non-cash charges
against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
We did not adopt any compensation plans (including individual compensation arrangements) under
which equity securities of the registrant were authorized for issuance until after fiscal 2009.
Performance Graph
Our shares of common stock did not commence trading on the NYSE until February 16, 2010.
Therefore, no performance graph is required to be included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data. |
We were incorporated on November 6, 2009 and did not commence operations until the completion
of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010. Our audited balance sheet as of December 31,
2009 and the related notes thereto are set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on
page F-1.
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Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the sections of this Annual
Report on Form 10-K entitled Risk Factors, Forward-Looking Statements, Business and our
audited balance sheet as of December 31, 2009 and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting
current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events
may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of
factors, including those discussed in the section entitled Risk Factors and elsewhere in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are an internally managed, newly organized Maryland corporation focused on acquiring
industrial real estate located in six major coastal U.S. markets: Los Angeles Area; Northern New
Jersey/New York City; San Francisco Bay Area; Seattle Area; Miami Area; and
Washington, D.C./Baltimore. We intend to invest in several types of industrial real estate,
including warehouse/distribution, flex (including light manufacturing and R&D) and trans-shipment.
We will target functional buildings in infill locations that may be shared by multiple tenants and
that cater to customer demand within the various submarkets in which we operate.
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code,
commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010.
Results of Operations
We did not commence operations until the completion of our initial public offering and the
concurrent private placement on February 16, 2010, which is after the period covered by this Annual
Report on Form 10-K.
Recent Developments
As more fully described in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we agreed on
March 9, 2010 to acquire, subject to the satisfaction of closing
conditions, an industrial property located in San Jose, California for a purchase
price of approximately $5.6 million. In addition, on
March 26, 2010, we acquired an
industrial property located in Fremont, California for a purchase price of approximately $7.3
million.
On March 24, 2010, we consummated a three-year, $50.0 million senior revolving credit facility
with KeyBank National Association (an affiliate of KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., which was a lead
manager in our initial public offering), as administrative agent, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.,
in its capacity as the lead arranger, to finance acquisitions and for working capital requirements.
Terreno has agreed to guarantee the obligations of the borrower (a wholly-owned subsidiary) under
the senior revolving credit facility. There are currently no amounts outstanding under our senior
revolving credit facility.
On February 16, 2010, we completed both our initial public offering of 8,750,000 shares of our
common stock and a concurrent private placement of an aggregate of 350,000 shares of our common
stock to our executive officers at a price per share of $20. We estimate that the net proceeds of
our initial public offering were approximately $162.8 million after deducting the full underwriting
discount of approximately $10.5 million and other estimated offering expenses of approximately $1.7
million. The underwriters agreed to forego the receipt of payment of $0.80 per share, or
approximately $7.0 million in the aggregate, until such time as we purchase assets in accordance
with our investment strategy as described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K with an aggregate
purchase price (including the amount of any outstanding indebtedness assumed or incurred by us) at
least equal to the net proceeds from our initial public offering (after deducting the full
underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by us), at which time, we have
agreed to pay the underwriters the remainder of the underwriting discount. We received net
proceeds of approximately $7.0 million from our concurrent private placement. In the aggregate, we
had approximately $169.8 million in cash available to execute our business strategy upon completion
of our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement on February 16, 2010.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The primary objective of our financing strategy is to maintain financial flexibility with a
conservative capital structure using retained cash flows, long-term debt and the issuance of common
and perpetual preferred stock to finance our growth. We intend to:
| limit the sum of the outstanding principal amount of our consolidated indebtedness and the liquidation preference of any outstanding perpetual preferred stock to less than 40% of our total enterprise value; | ||
| maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio in excess of 2.0x; | ||
| over the long-term, limit the principal amount of our outstanding floating rate debt to less than 20% of our total consolidated indebtedness; and | ||
| have staggered debt maturities that are aligned to our expected average lease term (5-7 years), positioning us to re-price parts of our capital structure as our rental rates change with market conditions. |
We intend to preserve a flexible capital structure with a long-term goal to obtain an
investment grade rating and be in a position to issue unsecured debt and perpetual preferred stock.
Prior to attaining an investment grade rating, we intend to primarily utilize non-recourse debt
secured by individual properties or pools of properties with a targeted maximum loan-to-value of
60% at the time of financing.
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by
operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our credit
facility. We believe that our net cash provided by operations will be adequate to fund operating
requirements, pay interest on any borrowings and fund distributions in accordance with the REIT
requirements of the federal income tax laws. In the near-term, we intend to fund future investments
in properties with the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private
placement. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, including with respect to other
investments in industrial properties, property acquisitions and scheduled debt maturities, through
the cash we have available from our initial public offering and the concurrent private placement
and borrowings under our credit facility and periodic issuances of common stock, perpetual
preferred stock, and long-term secured and unsecured debt. The success of our acquisition strategy
may depend, in part, on our ability to obtain and borrow under our credit facility and to access
additional capital through issuances of equity and debt securities.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
We did not commence operations until after the 2009 fiscal year. Market risk includes risks
that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices,
equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. In pursuing our
business strategies, the primary market risk which we expect to be exposed to in the future is
interest rate risk. We may be exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of debt used
to maintain liquidity, fund capital expenditures and expand our investment portfolio and
operations. We will seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows
and to lower our overall borrowing costs. We expect that some of our outstanding debt will have
variable interest rates. We may use interest rate caps to manage our interest rate risks relating
to our variable rate debt. We expect to replace variable rate debt on a regular basis with fixed
rate, long-term debt to finance our assets and operations.
Critical Accounting Policies
Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we believe will be critical now that we
commenced operations on February 16, 2010. We consider these policies critical because they require
estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain, involve various assumptions and require
significant management judgment, and because they are important for understanding and evaluating
our reported financial results. These judgments will affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Applying
different estimates or assumptions may result in materially different amounts reported in our
financial statements.
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Property Acquisitions. Upon acquisition of a property, we will estimate the fair value of
acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings and improvements) and intangible assets and
liabilities (consisting of the above and below market leases and the origination value of all
in-place leases). We will determine fair values using estimated cash flow projections and other
valuation techniques and applying appropriate discount and capitalization rates based on available
market information.
The fair value of the tangible assets is based on the value of the property as if it were
vacant. The fair value of the above and below market leases is based on the present value of the
difference between the contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the acquired leases and our
estimate of the market lease rates measured over a period equal to the remaining noncancelable term
of the leases. The capitalized values of above market leases (acquired above market leases) and
below market leases (acquired lease obligations) are amortized to rent revenue over the
noncancelable term of the respective leases. The origination value of in-place leases (acquired
in-place leases) is based on costs to execute similar leases including commissions and other
related costs. The origination value of in-place leases also includes real estate taxes, insurance
and an estimate of lost rent revenue at market rates during the estimated time required to lease up
the property from vacant to the occupancy level at the date of acquisition.
Carrying values for financial reporting purposes will be reviewed for impairment on a
property-by-property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying
value of a property may not be fully recoverable. When the carrying value of a property or land
parcel is greater than its estimated fair value, based on the intended use and holding period, an
impairment charge to earnings will be recognized for the excess over its estimated fair value less
costs to sell. The intended use of an asset, either held for sale or held for the long term, can
significantly impact how impairment is measured. If an asset is intended to be held for the long
term, the impairment analysis will be based on a two-step test. The first test measures estimated
expected future cash flows over the holding period, including a residual value (undiscounted and
without interest charges), against the carrying value of the property. If the asset fails the test,
then the asset carrying value will be measured against the lower of cost or the present value of
expected cash flows over the expected hold period. An impairment charge to earnings will be
recognized for the excess of the assets carrying value over the lower of cost or the present
values of expected cash flows over the expected hold period. If an asset is intended to be sold,
impairment will be determined using the estimated fair value less costs to sell. The estimation of
expected future net cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies on assumptions, among other
things, regarding current and future economic and market conditions and the availability of
capital. We will determine the estimated fair values based on our assumptions regarding rental
rates, costs to complete, lease-up and holding periods, as well as sales prices or contribution
values. When available, current market information will be used to determine capitalization and
rental growth rates. When market information is not readily available, the inputs will be based on
our understanding of market conditions and the experience of the management team. Actual results
could differ significantly from our estimates. The discount rates used in the fair value estimates
will represent a rate commensurate with the indicated holding period with a premium layered on for
risk. In a few instances, current comparative sales values will be available and used to establish
fair value.
Revenue Recognition. We will record rental revenue from operating leases on a straight-line
basis over the term of the leases and maintain an allowance for estimated losses that may result
from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If customers fail to make
contractual lease payments that are greater than our allowance for doubtful accounts, security
deposits and letters of credit, then we may have to recognize additional doubtful account charges
in future periods. We will monitor the liquidity and creditworthiness of our customers on an
on-going basis by reviewing their financial condition periodically as appropriate. Each period we
will review our outstanding accounts receivable, including straight-line rents, for doubtful
accounts and provide allowances as needed. We will also record lease termination fees when a
customer has executed a definitive termination agreement with us and the payment of the termination
fee is not subject to any conditions that must be met or waived before the fee is due to us. If a
customer remains in the leased space following the execution of a definitive termination agreement,
the applicable termination fees will be deferred and recognized over the term of such customers
occupancy.
Income Taxes. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Code and intend to operate
as such beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010. We expect to have little or no
taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain
organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of
our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (which is computed without regard to the
dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal
net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or
U.S. GAAP). As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we
distribute qualifying dividends to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable
year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income
tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost
unless the IRS grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially
adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. However,
we intend to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
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Share-Based Compensation. We have adopted the 2010 Equity Plan, which provides for the grant
of restricted stock awards, performance share awards, unrestricted shares or any combination of the
foregoing. Equity-based compensation will be recognized as an expense in the financial statements
and measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The amount of the expense may be
subject to adjustment in future periods depending on the specific characteristics of the
equity-based award and the application of the accounting guidance.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
As of November 9, 2009, we adopted a new generally accepted accounting principle related to
subsequent events which provides guidance on our assessment of subsequent events. The new standard
clarifies that we must evaluate, as of each reporting period, events or transactions that occur
after the balance sheet date through the date that the financial statements are issued. We
performed our assessment of subsequent events, and all material events or transactions since
December 31, 2009 have been integrated into our disclosures in the accompanying financial
statement.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2009, we did not have any contractual obligations required to be reported
under this heading.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We intend to use the following non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to
investors as a key measure of our operating performance: funds from operations, or FFO. FFO should
not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance in accordance with
GAAP.
We intend to compute FFO in accordance with standards established by NAREIT, which defines FFO
as net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) from sales of
property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships
and joint ventures (which are calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis). We believe that
presenting FFO provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance because
it is a measure of our operations without regard to specified non-cash items, such as real estate
depreciation and amortization and gain or loss on sale of assets.
Item 7A. | Quantitative And Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. |
Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market
sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business strategies, the primary market risk which we expect
to be exposed to in the future is interest rate risk. We may be exposed to interest rate changes
primarily as a result of debt used to maintain liquidity, fund capital expenditures and expand our
investment portfolio and operations. We will seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on
earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. We expect that some of our
outstanding debt will have variable interest rates. We may use interest rate caps to manage our
interest rate risks
relating to our variable rate debt. We expect to replace variable rate debt on a regular basis
with fixed rate, long-term debt to finance our assets and operations.
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Item 8. | Financial Statements And Supplementary Data. |
See Index to the Financial Statement on page F-1.
Item. 9. Changes In And Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting And Financial Disclosure.
Not Applicable.
Item 9A. | Controls And Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial
officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31,
2009. The term disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)
under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to
ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or
submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time
periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without
limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by
a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and
communicated to the Companys management, including its principal executive and principal financial
officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management
recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide
only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its
judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on
the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2009, our chief
executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure
controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include a report of managements assessment
regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the Companys
registered public accounting firm due to a transition period established by rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission for newly public companies.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the
quarterly period ended December 31, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. | Other Information. |
None.
Part III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. |
Our Directors and Executive Officers
Our board of directors consists of six members. Our board of directors has determined that
each of our four independent director satisfies the listing standards for independence of the NYSE.
Pursuant to our charter, our
directors will be elected annually by our stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting
or until their successors are duly elected and qualify. The first annual meeting of our
stockholders will be held in 2011. Our officers serve at the discretion of our board of directors.
Our bylaws provide that a majority of the entire board of directors may at any time increase or
decrease the number of directors. However, unless our bylaws are amended, the number of directors
may never be less than one, which is the minimum number required by the MGCL, nor more than 11.
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Certain information regarding our directors and executive officers is set forth below:
Name | Age | Position | ||||
W. Blake Baird
|
49 | Chairman, chief executive officer and director | ||||
Michael A. Coke
|
42 | President, chief financial officer and director | ||||
LeRoy E. Carlson
|
64 | Independent Director | ||||
Peter J. Merlone
|
53 | Independent Director | ||||
Douglas M. Pasquale
|
55 | Independent Director | ||||
Dennis Polk
|
43 | Independent Director |
Biographical Information
The following are biographical summaries of the experience of the persons who will serve as
our executive officers and directors:
| W. Blake Baird has served as chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer since February 2010. Mr. Baird was managing partner and co-founder of Terreno Capital Partners LLC, a private real estate investment firm, from September 2007 to February 2010. Mr. Baird served as president of AMB, a leading global developer, owner and operator of industrial real estate, from January 2000 to December 2006. Mr. Baird also served as a director of AMB from 2001 to 2006 and chairman of its investment committee. Mr. Baird joined AMB as its chief investment officer in 1999. Prior to that, Mr. Baird was a managing director of Morgan Stanley & Co., most recently as head of Real Estate Investment Banking for the Western United States. Mr. Baird spent 15 years at Morgan Stanley and Dean Witter, the last 11 focusing on real estate. Mr. Baird currently serves as a director of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (NYSE: ALEX), a Honolulu-headquartered ocean transportation, real estate and agribusiness company. Mr. Baird is a member of the Young Presidents Organization and a former member of the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts. Mr. Baird holds a B.S. in Economics from the Wharton School (magna cum laude) and a B.A. in History from the College of Arts and Sciences (magna cum laude) at the University of Pennsylvania. He also holds an M.B.A. from New York University. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Bairds qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his deep industrial real estate expertise across markets and cycles, as well as extensive public REIT operating experience, from his eight years of experience most recently as president of AMB. | ||
| Michael A. Coke has served as our president and chief financial officer and as a director since February 2010. Mr. Coke was managing partner and co-founder of Terreno Capital Partners LLC, a private real estate investment management firm, from September 2007 to February 2010. From January 1999 to March 2007, Mr. Coke served as chief financial officer of AMB, a leading global developer, owner and operator of industrial real estate. While at AMB, Mr. Coke also served as executive vice president until May 2007, and was AMBs chief accounting officer from 1998 until January 2007. Mr. Coke was a member of AMBs investment committee and was responsible for capital markets, accounting, tax, information systems, dispositions, valuations, risk management and financial planning groups totaling more than 130 officers and associates in five countries. During his tenure at AMB, Mr. Coke was a three time recipient of Realty Stock Reviews Annual Outstanding CFO Award. From October 2005 to May 2007, Mr. Coke served as president and chief executive officer of IAT Aviation Facilities, Inc., a listed Canadian Income Trust. Prior to AMB, Mr. Coke spent seven years with Arthur Andersen LLP, where he most recently served as an audit manager. At Arthur Andersen, he primarily served public and private real estate companies, including several public real estate investment trusts, and specialized in real estate auditing and accounting, mergers, initial public offerings and business acquisition due diligence. Mr. Coke is a director and chairman of the audit committee of DuPont Fabros Technology, Inc. (NYSE: DFT), a leading owner, developer, operator and manager of wholesale data centers headquartered in Washington, D.C. Mr. Coke received a bachelors degree in business administration and accounting from California State University at Hayward. He is a former Certified Public Accountant. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Cokes qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his deep industrial real estate expertise across markets and cycles, as well as extensive public REIT operating experience, from his nine years of experience most recently as chief financial officer of AMB. |
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| LeRoy E. Carlson has served on our board of directors since February 2010. Mr. Carlson has been a principal of NNC Apartment Ventures, LLC, a well established firm specializing in the long-term investment in multi-family assets on the West Coast, since 1999. Mr. Carlson formerly served as executive vice president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer and board member of BRE Properties, Inc. BRE Properties, Inc. is a large multi-family NYSElisted real estate investment trust based in San Francisco, California. In his role as chief operating officer, Mr. Carlson oversaw the companys capital market activities, asset management and development and played a key role in two company mergers with an aggregate value of two billion dollars. Mr. Carlson retired from BRE Properties, Inc. in October 2002. Prior to joining BRE Properties, Inc., Mr. Carlson served as vice president, chief financial officer and as a director of Real Estate Investment Trust of California from 1990 to March 1996. He was a partner and chief financial officer of William Walters Company, a southern California based asset management company and investor, from 1976 to 1990. Mr. Carlson is a Certified Public Accountant in California. He is a graduate of the University of Southern California where he serves as a member of the board at the Lusk Center for Real Estate. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Carlsons qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his over 30 years of experience in the real estate industry and his prior experiences as a director, chief operating officer and chief financial officer of a NYSE-listed REIT. | ||
| Peter J. Merlone has served on our board of directors since February 2010. Mr. Merlone is a founder, co-owner and co-managing partner of the general partner entities of Merlone Geier Partners, or MGP, a private real estate investment firm focused on the acquisition, development and redevelopment of retail and mixed-use properties in California and other western states, and Merlone Geier Management, or MGM, which provides all management, leasing and construction services for all MGP and M&H funds. Mr. Merlone is also a founder, co-owner and president of the general partner entities of M&H Realty Partners, or M&H, the predecessor to MGP, and was a founder and president of M&H Property Management, or MHPM, the predecessor to MGM. From 1986 to 1993, prior to the formation of the first M&H fund, Mr. Merlone was the founder and owner of The Merlone Company, MHPMs predecessor. Mr. Merlones primary responsibilities are to formulate and oversee the strategy, financial and operating affairs of MGP and the activities of MGM. Since 1993, Mr. Merlone has overseen nine institutional limited partnerships with aggregate equity capital commitments of $1.6 billion which have acquired approximately 70 operating properties aggregating more than 11 million square feet of retail improvements, and land developments totaling 1,500 acres. Mr. Merlone graduated from UCLA in 1979, simultaneously earning an undergraduate degree in economics, summa cum laude, and a masters degree in education; he was also elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Mr. Merlone is a member of the International Council of Shopping Centers and is a licensed real estate broker. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Merlones qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his over 20 years of experience in the real estate industry and his experience operating a real estate investment firm. | ||
| Douglas M. Pasquale has served on our board of directors since February 2010. Mr. Pasquale has served as president and chief executive officer of Nationwide Health Properties, Inc., or NHP (NYSE: NHP), a publicly traded real estate investment trust that invests in senior housing facilities, long-term care facilities and medical office buildings throughout the United States, since April, 2004 and as executive vice president, chief operating officer and a director of NHP since November 2003. On February 10, 2009, Mr. Pasquale was elected to serve as chairman of the board of NHP, effective immediately prior to NHPs annual meeting on May 5, 2009. Mr. Pasquale served as the chairman and chief executive officer of ARV Assisted Living, an operator of assisted living facilities, from December 1999 to September 2003. From April 2003 to September 2003, Mr. Pasquale concurrently served as president and chief executive officer of Atria Senior Living Group. From March 1999 to December 1999, Mr. Pasquale served as the president and chief executive officer at ARV, and he served as the president and chief operating officer at ARV from June 1998 to March 1999. Previously, Mr. Pasquale served as president and chief executive officer of Richfield Hospitality Services, Inc. and Regal Hotels International North America a hotel ownership and hotel management company from 1996 to 1998, and as its chief financial officer from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Pasquale is a director of Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (NYSE: ALEX), a Honolulu-headquartered ocean transportation, real estate and agribusiness company. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Pasquales qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his over 20 years of experience in the real estate industry and his experience as chairman, president and chief executive officer of a NYSE-listed REIT. |
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| Dennis Polk has served on our board of directors since February 2010. Mr. Polk joined SYNNEX Corporation (NYSE: SNX) in 2002 as senior vice president of corporate finance and chief financial officer. In July 2006, he was promoted to his current position of chief operating officer. SYNNEX is a business process services company, including the distribution of information technology products, manufacturing and logistics services and business process outsourcing. Prior to SYNNEX, Mr. Polk held senior executive positions in finance and operations at DoveBid, Inc. and Savoir Technology Group. Prior to Savoir, Mr. Polk was an audit manager for Grant Thornton LLP. A graduate of Santa Clara University, Mr. Polk received his bachelors degree in accounting. Our Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Polks qualifications to serve on our Board of Directors include his current experience as a chief operating officer and his prior experience as a chief financial officer of a NYSE-listed company. |
Board of Directors and Committees
Our board of directors has appointed an audit committee, a compensation committee and a
nominating and corporate governance committee and has adopted charters for each of these board
committees. Under these charters, the composition of each of these committees is required to comply
with the listing standards and rules and regulations of the NYSE as amended or modified from time
to time. Each of these committees currently has four directors and is composed exclusively of
independent directors, as defined by the listing standards of the NYSE. Moreover, the compensation
committee is composed exclusively of individuals intended to be, to the extent provided by
Rule 16b-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, non-employee
directors and will, at such times as we are subject to Section 162(m) of the Code, qualify as
outside directors for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code. Our board of directors may from time
to time establish certain other committees to facilitate the management of our company.
Audit Committee
The audit committee is composed of Messrs. Carlson, Merlone, Pasquale and Polk, each of whom
is an independent director and financially literate under the rules of the NYSE. In addition, our
audit committee is required to have a designated audit committee financial expert within the
meaning of the rules of the SEC. Mr. Carlson chairs our audit committee and has been determined by
our board of directors to be an audit committee financial expert.
The purposes of the audit committee are to:
| assist our board of directors in its oversight of (1) the integrity of our financial statements, (2) our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, (3) the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent auditors and (4) our internal audit function; and |
| prepare the report required by the rules of the SEC to be included in our annual proxy statement. |
The audit committee is also responsible for engaging our independent registered public
accounting firm, reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm the plans and
results of the audit engagement, approving professional services provided by the independent
registered public accounting firm, reviewing the independence of the independent registered public
accounting firm, considering the range of audit and non-audit fees and reviewing the adequacy of
our internal accounting controls.
Compensation Committee
The compensation committee is composed of Messrs. Carlson, Merlone, Pasquale and Polk, each of
whom is an independent director. Mr. Merlone chairs our compensation committee.
The purposes of the compensation committee are to:
| discharge our board of directors responsibilities relating to compensation of our directors and executives; | ||
| oversee our overall compensation structure, policies and programs; |
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| review our processes and procedures for the consideration and determination of director and executive compensation; and | ||
| prepare the compensation committee report to be included in our proxy statement in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, the NYSE and any other rules and regulations applicable to us. |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The nominating and corporate governance committee is composed of Messrs. Carlson, Merlone,
Pasquale and Polk, each of whom is an independent director. Mr. Polk chairs our nominating and
corporate governance committee.
The purposes of the nominating and corporate governance committee are to:
| identify individuals qualified to become members of our board of directors, consistent with criteria approved by our board of directors, and recommend that our board of directors select the director nominees for election at each annual meeting of stockholders; | ||
| review and make recommendations to our board of directors for committee appointments to our board of directors; | ||
| develop and recommend to our board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to us and periodically review and recommend any changes to such guidelines; and | ||
| oversee the evaluation of our board of directors. |
Lead Director
Our board of directors has selected Mr. Pasquale to serve as our initial lead director. The
lead directors duties include chairing executive sessions of the independent directors,
facilitating communications and resolving conflicts, if any, between the independent directors,
other members of our board of directors and the management of our company, and consulting with and
providing counsel to our chief executive officer as needed or requested. It is expected that the
lead director will be rotated among our independent directors every two years.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a corporate code of business conduct and ethics relating to the conduct of our
business by our employees, officers and directors. We intend to maintain the highest standards of
ethical business practices and compliance with all laws and regulations applicable to our business.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
We did not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act in 2009. Therefore,
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, did not apply, and our directors, executive officers and persons
who own more than 10% of our equity securities, were not required to file reports of ownership of,
and changes in ownership of, our securities with the SEC.
Item 11. | Executive Compensation. |
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
We pay base salaries and long-term incentive compensation and recently made grants of awards
under the 2010 Equity Plan to certain of our executive officers, effective upon the completion of
our initial public offering.
Effective upon the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, awards were
granted under the 2010 Equity Plan to recognize such individuals efforts on our behalf in
connection with our formation and our initial public offering and to provide a retention element to
their compensation. In addition, our compensation committee may determine to make awards to new
executive officers in order to attract talented professionals to serve us.
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Neither our board of directors nor the compensation committee of our board of directors has
yet adopted compensation policies with respect to, among other things, setting base salaries,
awarding bonuses or making future grants of equity awards to our executive officers. We anticipate
that such determinations will be made by our compensation committee in order to achieve the
following objectives:
| align the interests of our executives and stockholders by motivating executives to increase stockholder value and rewarding executives when stockholder value increases; | ||
| motivate our executives to manage our business to meet our near , medium , and long-term objectives; and reward them for meeting these objectives and for exceptional performance; | ||
| assist in attracting and retaining talented and well-qualified executives; | ||
| be competitive with other industrial real estate investment trusts; and | ||
| encourage executives to achieve meaningful levels of ownership of our stock. |
We may retain a compensation consultant to review our policies and procedures with respect to
executive compensation and assist our compensation committee in implementing and maintaining
compensation plans.
Summary of Executive Officer Compensation
The following is a summary of the elements of and amounts expected to be paid under our
compensation plans for fiscal year 2010. Because we were incorporated only recently, individual
compensation information is not available for prior periods.
Annual Base Salary
We will pay our executives a base salary, which our compensation committee intends to review
and determine annually. We believe that a competitive base salary is a necessary element of any
compensation program that is designed to attract and retain talented and experienced executives. We
also believe that attractive base salaries can motivate and reward executives for their overall
performance. Although base salaries are established in part based on the individual experience,
skills and expected contributions during the coming year of our executive and our executives
performance during the prior year, we do not view base salaries as primarily serving our objective
of paying for performance. The initial annual base salary of each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke is
$400,000.
Annual Cash Incentive Bonus
We are not currently planning to adopt an annual cash incentive bonus plan for our executives,
although we reserve our right to do so in the future.
Long Term Incentive Compensation
To encourage our executives to work towards generating significant total stockholder returns,
our executives will be eligible to participate in our long-term incentive compensation program,
with rolling performance periods. The size of any long-term incentive compensation award earned
will depend on the level of our total stockholder return over the performance period as compared to
the returns of two different indices (the MSCI U.S. REIT Index and the FTSE NAREIT Equity
Industrial Index). The target award is measured in dollars but will be payable in shares of our
common stock after the end of each performance period. The first performance period began on the
closing of our initial public offering and ends on December 31, 2011. The second performance period
began on the closing of our initial public offering and ends on December 31, 2012. All other
performance periods will run for three calendar years and begin on January 1, 2011 and each
anniversary thereof. This long-term incentive compensation program is more fully described in
Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants set forth below.
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Equity-Based Incentive Compensation
An important element of our total executive compensation is our equity award program. We
believe that our equity award program serves a number of important corporate objectives, most
importantly the alignment of our executives interests with our stockholders interests. Our equity
award program helps to ensure that each of our executives has a significant portion of his net
worth tied to the performance of our stock. We plan to grant restricted stock with time-based
vesting under our long-term equity incentive program. Our long-term equity incentive compensation
is more fully described in Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants set forth below.
2010 Equity Incentive Plan
The 2010 Equity Plan was adopted by our board of directors and approved by our stockholders
prior to the completion of our initial public offering. The 2010 Equity Plan permits us to make
grants of restricted stock awards, performance share awards, unrestricted shares, or any
combination of the foregoing. A total of 455,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the
2010 Equity Plan (including those granted to date), of which 313,750 shares remained available for
issuance as of March 15, 2010. The 2010 Equity Plan does not provide for stock options, stock
appreciation rights or dividend equivalent rights.
The number of shares reserved under the 2010 Equity Plan is subject to adjustment in the event
of a stock split, stock dividend or other change in our capitalization. Generally, shares that are
forfeited or canceled from awards under the 2010 Equity Plan also will be available for future
awards.
No awards were outstanding prior to completion of our initial public offering. The initial
grants described below became effective upon the completion of our initial public offering.
The 2010 Equity Plan is administered by our compensation committee. Our compensation committee
may interpret the 2010 Equity Plan and may make all determinations necessary or desirable for the
administration of the plan and has full power and authority to select the participants to whom
awards will be granted, to make any combination of awards to participants, to accelerate the
exercisability or vesting of any award and to determine the specific terms and conditions of each
award, subject to the provisions of the 2010 Equity Plan. All full-time and part-time officers,
employees, directors and other key persons (including consultants and prospective employees) are
eligible to participate in the 2010 Equity Plan.
Restricted stock may be granted under the 2010 Equity Plan. Restricted stock awards are shares
of our common stock that vest in accordance with terms and conditions established by our
compensation committee. Our compensation committee may impose whatever vesting conditions it
determines to be appropriate, including attainment of performance goals. Shares of restricted stock
that do not satisfy the vesting conditions are subject to our right of repurchase or forfeiture.
Performance share awards may also be granted under our equity incentive plan. Such an award
entitles a participant to receive shares of our common stock at the end of a performance period,
the number of which will be tied to attainment of pre-established performance goals. Dividends will
not be paid on performance shares during the performance period.
Unrestricted shares may also be granted under the 2010 Equity Plan. These are shares of our
common stock that have no vesting requirements and are not subject to any risk of forfeiture.
Unless the compensation committee provides otherwise, the 2010 Equity Plan does not generally
allow for the transfer of awards, and only the participant may exercise an award during his or her
lifetime.
The terms of the 2010 Equity Plan provide that we may amend, suspend or terminate the plan at
any time, but stockholder approval of any such action will be obtained if required to comply with
applicable law or NYSE listing standards. Further, no action may be taken that adversely affects
any rights under outstanding awards without the holders consent. The 2010 Equity Plan will
terminate on the tenth anniversary of the date on which stockholder approval is received.
If we experience a Corporate Transaction (as defined below), our compensation committee will
have full authority to determine the effect, if any, on the vesting, exercisability, settlement,
payment or lapse of restrictions applicable to an award. The effect of a Corporate Transaction may
be specified in a participants award agreement or determined at a subsequent time, including,
without limitation, the substitution of new awards, the termination or the adjustment of
outstanding awards, the acceleration of awards or the removal of restrictions on outstanding
awards. A Corporate Transaction under our 2010 Equity Plan means (1) a sale of substantially all
of our assets to another
person or entity; or (2) any transaction (including without limitation a merger or
reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity (other
than already existing stockholders or affiliates) owning 50% or more of the combined voting power
of all classes of our shares of capital stock.
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We filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-8 covering the shares of our common
stock issuable under the 2010 Equity Plan.
Other Compensation
All of our executive officers are eligible to participate in our employee benefit plans,
including medical and dental insurance and health and wellness plans. We also expect to adopt a
401(k) plan. These plans are generally available to all employees and do not discriminate in favor
of executive officers. We do not provide any perquisites to our executives.
The following table sets forth the annual base salary and other compensation payable to our
executive officers as of the completion of our initial public offering. We entered into severance
agreements, which became effective upon the completion of our initial public offering. See
Severance Agreements.
Name and | Non-Equity | |||||||||||||||
Principal | Stock | Incentive Plan | ||||||||||||||
Position | Salary ($) | Awards ($) | Compensation ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||
W. Blake Baird |
400,000 | 200,000 | (1) | | (2) | 600,000 | ||||||||||
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
||||||||||||||||
Michael A. Coke |
400,000 | 200,000 | (3) | | (2) | 600,000 | ||||||||||
President and Chief Financial Officer |
(1) | At the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, Mr. Baird received shares of restricted stock with an initial value of $1,000,000, vesting ratably in annual installments over a five-year period commencing on the completion of the offering, with the first vesting to occur on the first anniversary of the offering. See Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants. Amount represents the expected compensation expense associated with these awards that will be recorded in 2010. Dividends will be paid on the time-based shares of restricted stock when declared and paid on our common stock generally. | |
(2) | Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke will participate in the long-term incentive compensation program. The first payout, if earned, will be in early 2012. See Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants. | |
(3) | At the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, Mr. Coke received shares of restricted stock with an initial value of $1,000,000, vesting ratably in annual installments over a five-year period commencing on the completion of the offering, with the first vesting to occur on the first anniversary of the offering. See Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants. Amount represents the expected compensation expense associated with these awards that will be recorded in 2010. Dividends will be paid in cash on the time-based shares of restricted stock when declared and paid on our common stock generally. |
Introduction
Initially, we do not expect Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke or any executive officer to participate in
our non-equity annual incentive plan. Instead, in addition to receiving shares of restricted stock
which will vest ratably in annual installments over a five-year period commencing with the
completion of our initial public offering, Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke will participate in our long-term
incentive compensation program. Under this program, the size of the award for each performance
period will depend on our achievement of specified performance metrics during the performance
period. There will be rolling three-year performance periods, although the first two performance
periods will be shorter, with the first performance period having begun on the closing of our
initial public offering and ending on December 31, 2011 and the second performance period having
begun on the closing of our initial public offering and ending on December 31, 2012. The awards, if
earned, are measured in dollars, but will be payable in shares of our common stock after the end of
each performance period. The target award for each performance period would generally be equal to
the executives annualized base salary at the beginning of the performance period.
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IPO Grants of Plan-Based Awards
Estimated Future | ||||||||||||||||||||
Payouts | All Other Stock | |||||||||||||||||||
Under Non-Equity | Awards; Number of | Grant Date | ||||||||||||||||||
Incentive Plan Awards | Shares or Stock or | Fair Value of Share | ||||||||||||||||||
Name | Grant Date | Target ($) | Maximum ($) | Units (#) | Awards ($) | |||||||||||||||
W. Blake Baird |
(1 | ) | 50,000 | (2) | 1,000,000 | (3) | ||||||||||||||
(4 | ) | 400,000 | 1,200,000 | |||||||||||||||||
(5 | ) | 400,000 | 1,200,000 | |||||||||||||||||
Michael A. Coke |
(1 | ) | 50,000 | (2) | 1,000,000 | (3) | ||||||||||||||
(4 | ) | 400,000 | 1,200,000 | |||||||||||||||||
(5 | ) | 400,000 | 1,200,000 |
(1) | Each of the awards was issued upon completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010. | |
(2) | Represents shares of restricted common stock that were issued upon completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, which will vest ratably in equal installments over a five-year period commencing on the first anniversary of our initial public offering. See Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants. | |
(3) | Represents the estimated grant date fair value of the restricted common stock. | |
(4) | This represents the payout under our long-term incentive program for the performance period beginning on the closing of our initial public offering and ending on December 31, 2011. The size of the actual award will depend on our achievement of specified performance metrics during the performance period. Actual awards, if earned, are measured in dollars but will be paid out in shares of our common stock in early 2012. See Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants. No dividends will accrue or be paid on performance shares during the performance period. | |
(5) | This represents the payout under our long-term incentive program for the performance period beginning on the closing of our initial public offering and ending on December 31, 2012. The size of the actual award will depend on our achievement of specified performance metrics during the performance period. Actual awards, if earned, are measured in dollars but will be paid out in shares of our common stock in early 2013. See Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants. No dividends will accrue or be paid on performance shares during the performance period. |
Narrative Discussion of IPO Grants
In addition to base salary, our named executive officers will be entitled to receive equity
compensation. At the completion of our initial public offering, each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke
received a grant of restricted stock with an approximate value of $1,000,000, based on the assumed
initial public offering price of $20.00 per share. In addition, at the completion of our initial
public offering, we granted restricted stock with an aggregate initial value of $425,000 to other
employees of our company. These grants will vest ratably in annual installments over a five-year
period commencing on the completion of our initial public offering, with the first vesting to occur
on the first anniversary of our initial public offering.
All time-based restricted stock will vest upon the death or disability of the executive
officer, if the executive officers employment is terminated by us without cause, or if the
executive officer resigns for a good reason.
Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke will also participate in our long-term incentive compensation program
designed to provide additional motivation over a rolling performance period. The first performance
measurement period will begin on the closing of our initial public offering and end on December 31,
2011. The second performance measurement period will begin on the closing of our initial public
offering and end on December 31, 2012. All subsequent performance measurement periods will be for a
three-year period beginning on January 1, 2011 and each anniversary thereof.
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The amount that will be earned under our long-term incentive compensation program for any
performance measurement period will be determined by our success in attaining or exceeding
performance goals linked to each of two metrics during the performance measurement period:
| 50% of the determination will be based on our total stockholder return for the performance measurement period, measured at the end of the period compared to the total stockholder return for the same period of the MSCI U.S. REIT Index; and | ||
| 50% of the determination will be based on our total stockholder return for the performance measurement period, measured at the end of the period compared to the total stockholder return for the same period of the FTSE NAREIT Equity Industrial Index. |
The two main performance goals were established to focus our named executive officers on
generating significant total stockholder returns over time. Our management believes that
achievement of the target level of performance of the two main performance goals, i.e., exceeding
the applicable indices, will require significant effort and substantial progress toward the goals
of our strategic plan. At the target level for each performance goal, each participating executive
will receive an award equal to 50% of his target award. Accordingly, if we achieve the target level
for both performance goals, each participating executive will receive an award equal to 100% of his
target award for the performance period. If our performance is below the target level for either of
the performance goals, then no payouts will be made with respect to such goal. To the extent that
our performance exceeds the applicable index by at least 100 basis points per year, each
participating executive will receive an award equal to 150% of his target award. Accordingly, if
our performance exceeds both indices by at least 100 basis points per year, each participating
executive will receive an award equal to 300% of his target award. In the event that our total
stockholder return is negative for any performance period, even if we have outperformed the
applicable indices, any incentive compensation earned for that performance period will be reduced
by 50%. Once we have determined the dollar value of the award earned for any performance period,
such amount will be converted to shares of our common stock based on the average closing price of
our common stock for the last ten business days immediately preceding the day the shares are
issued. The target award for each performance period would generally be equal to the executives
annualized base salary at the beginning of the performance period. In the case of Mr. Baird and
Mr. Coke, the target award is $400,000 for the first two performance periods.
Severance Agreements
We entered into severance agreements with Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke, which became effective upon
the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, and we may in the future enter
into similar agreements with certain executive officers that we hire in the future, to provide
benefits to each in the event his employment is terminated under certain circumstances.
Each of these executives will be entitled to receive benefits under the agreements if (1) we
terminate the executives employment without cause, or (2) the executive resigns with good reason.
Under these scenarios, each of the executives is entitled to receive a severance payment equal to
one times current salary plus the dollar value of the most recent target award under the long-term
incentive compensation program. In addition, all time-based restricted stock will fully vest but
all long-term incentive awards will be forfeited. The executive will also receive health insurance
coverage for a period of 18 months. If such termination of employment occurs after a change in
control, the severance payment will be doubled. No payments will be made to compensate the
executive for additional taxes, if any, imposed under Section 4999 of the Code for receipt of
excess parachute payments.
In the event an executives employment is terminated on account of death or disability, all
his time-based restricted stock will fully vest. Additionally, to compensate the executive for the
loss of opportunity to earn his long-term incentive awards, we will also provide him (or his estate
in the case of death) with a cash payment equal to his most recent target award under the long-term
incentive compensation program.
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Section 162(m)
The SEC requires that we comment upon our policy with respect to Section 162(m) of the Code,
which limits the deductibility on our tax return of compensation over $1 million to any of the
named executive officers unless, in general, the compensation is paid pursuant to a plan which is
performance-related, non-discretionary and has been approved by our stockholders. We believe that,
because we intend to qualify as a REIT under the Code and pay distributions sufficient to minimize
federal income taxes, the payment of compensation that does not satisfy the requirements of
Section 162(m) will generally not affect our net income. To the extent that compensation does not
qualify for a deduction under Section 162(m), a larger portion of stockholder distributions
may be subject to federal income taxation as dividend income rather than return of capital. We do
not believe that Section 162(m) will materially affect the taxability of stockholder distributions,
although no assurance can be given in this regard due to the variety of factors that affect the tax
position of each stockholder. For these reasons, our compensation committees compensation policy
and practices are not directly guided by considerations relating to Section 162(m).
Director Compensation
Our Board of Directors has approved a compensation program for our independent directors in
the form of cash and equity awards.
Although we do not intend to pay our independent directors an annual retainer fee, we will pay
the following fees, payable quarterly in cash:
| our lead director will be paid an annual fee of $15,000; | ||
| the chair of our audit committee will be paid an annual fee of $12,000; | ||
| the chair of our compensation committee will be paid an annual fee of $10,000; and | ||
| the chair of our nominating and corporate governance committee will be paid an annual fee of $5,000. |
We pay independent directors cash fees of $1,500 for each board meeting attended, $1,000 for
each committee meeting attended, and $500 for each telephonic meeting attended. In addition, we
reimburse our directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with
performance of their duties as directors, including, without limitation, travel expenses in
connection with their attendance at board and committee meetings. We also reimburse our directors
for approved director education programs. Furthermore, directors do not receive any perquisites or
above-market nonqualified deferred compensation plan earnings.
Upon completion of our initial public offering, each of our independent directors received
$100,000 payable in the form of restricted common stock. Vesting for the grants occurs on the first
anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, with acceleration upon termination
due to death, disability or involuntary termination of service as a result of a change in control.
In connection with each annual meeting of stockholders commencing in 2011, each of our
independent directors will receive $75,000 payable in the form of unrestricted common stock.
Dividends on unvested shares of restricted stock generally will be paid in cash.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis
contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K with management. Based on such review and discussions,
the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion
and Analysis be included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2009 for filing with the SEC.
Submitted by the Compensation Committee
Peter J. Merlone (Chairman)
LeRoy E. Carlson
Douglas M. Pasquale
Dennis Polk
LeRoy E. Carlson
Douglas M. Pasquale
Dennis Polk
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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
There are no compensation committee interlocks and none of our employees participates on the
compensation committee.
Item 12. | Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management And Related Stockholder Matters. |
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our
common stock as of March 15, 2010:
| each person who is the beneficial owner of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock; | ||
| each of our directors and named executive officers; and | ||
| all directors and executive officers as a group. |
Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly, and the indicated person has sole
voting and investment power. Further, unless otherwise indicated, the address of each named person
is c/o Terreno Realty Corporation, 16 Maiden Lane, Fifth Floor, San Francisco, California 94108.
Number of Shares | ||||||||
Beneficially | Percent of | |||||||
Name of Beneficial Owner | Owned(1) | All Shares(2) | ||||||
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc.(3) |
933,200 | 10.1 | % | |||||
APG Asset Management US Inc.(4) |
906,000 | 9.8 | % | |||||
W. Blake Baird(5)(6) |
312,000 | 3.4 | % | |||||
Michael A. Coke(5)(7) |
162,000 | 1.8 | % | |||||
LeRoy E. Carlson |
5,000 | (8) | * | |||||
Peter J. Merlone |
5,000 | (8) | * | |||||
Douglas M. Pasquale |
5,000 | (8) | * | |||||
Dennis Polk |
5,000 | (8) | * | |||||
All directors and executive officers as a group (6 persons) |
494,000 | 5.3 | % |
* | Represents less than 1% of the shares of common stock outstanding as of March 15, 2010. | |
(1) | Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act. A person is deemed to be the beneficial owner of any shares of common stock if that person has or shares voting power or investment power with respect to those shares, or has the right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time within 60 days of the date of the table. As used herein, voting power is the power to vote or direct the voting of shares and investment power is the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. | |
(2) | Based on a total of 9,253,250 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 15, 2010. | |
(3) | Based solely on information contained in a Schedule 13G filed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. with the SEC on March 10, 2010. The address of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. is 100 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202. The Schedule 13G filed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. states that T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. has sole voting power with respect to 46,700 of such shares and sole dispositive power over all of such shares. The percentage beneficial ownership has been readjusted to reflect our actual shares of common stock outstanding as of March 15, 2010. | |
(4) | Based solely on information contained in a Schedule 13G/A and a Form 4 filed by APG Asset Management US Inc., on behalf of itself and certain of its affiliates, with the SEC on February 24, 2010 and March 5, 2010, respectively. The address of APG Asset Management US Inc. is 666 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017. The percentage beneficial ownership has been readjusted to reflect our actual shares of common stock outstanding as of March 15, 2010. |
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(5) | We sold 250,000 shares to Mr. Baird and 100,000 shares to Mr. Coke in a private placement concurrent with the closing of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010 at the same price per share as in the offering but without payment of any underwriting discount. Includes 12,000 shares of common stock that were issued to Terreno Capital Partners LLC in exchange for the contribution of fixed assets. Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke were the managing partners and co-founders of Terreno Capital Partners LLC and have shared voting and investment power of such shares. These shares may be distributed to each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke. See Part III, Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions Contribution of Fixed Assets in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. | |
(6) | Includes 50,000 shares of restricted common stock granted to Mr. Baird at the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, which vest ratably in annual installments over a five-year period commencing on the date of grant, with the first vesting to occur on February 16, 2011. | |
(7) | Includes 50,000 shares of restricted common stock granted to Mr. Coke at the completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, which vest ratably in annual installments over a five-year period commencing on the date of grant, with the first vesting to occur on February 16, 2011. | |
(8) | We granted 5,000 shares of restricted common stock to each independent director upon completion of our initial public offering on February 16, 2010, which shares will vest on the first anniversary of our initial public offering. |
Item 13. | Certain Relationships And Related Transactions and Director Independence. |
Purchase of Shares of Common Stock by Certain Executive Officers
Concurrently with the completion of our initial public offering, Mr. Baird acquired
250,000 shares of our common stock and Mr. Coke acquired 100,000 shares of our common stock in a
private placement at the same price per share as in our initial public offering but without
payment of any underwriting discount.
Severance Agreements
We entered into severance agreements with each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke effective upon the
completion of our initial public offering, as described in Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Severance Agreements. These agreements will provide benefits to each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke in
the event his employment is terminated under certain circumstances. We may enter into similar
agreements with certain executive officers that we hire in the future.
IPO Grants and Performance Shares
At the completion of our initial public offering, we granted 50,000 shares of restricted stock
to each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke, with such shares having an approximate value of $1,000,000,
based on the initial public offering price of $20.00 per share. Also, we granted performance share
awards to each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke contingent on our achieving certain benchmarks as
described in Compensation Discussion and Analysis IPO Grants of Plan-Based Awards. In addition,
at the completion of our initial public offering, we granted 21,250 shares of restricted stock to
our employees, with such shares having an aggregate approximate value of $425,000, based on the
initial offering price of $20.00 per share. The restricted stock granted at the completion of our
initial public offering on February 16, 2010 will vest ratably in annual installments over a
five-year period commencing on the first anniversary of the closing of our initial public offering.
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Contribution of Fixed Assets
Concurrently with the completion of our initial public offering, Terreno Capital Partners LLC,
of which Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke were managing partners and co-founders, contributed its fixed
assets to us at their net book value of approximately $240,000. In exchange for the contribution of
these fixed assets, we issued to Terreno
Capital Partners LLC 12,000 shares of our common stock. These shares may be distributed to
each of Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke.
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Effective upon the completion of our initial public offering, we entered into an
indemnification agreement with each of our executive officers and directors.
Other Benefits to Related Parties and Related Party Transactions
We used approximately $272,000 of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the
concurrent private placement to reimburse Terreno Capital Partners LLC for out-of-pocket expenses
it incurred in connection with the formation of our company and our initial public offering. We
also used $1,000 of the net proceeds of our initial public offering and the concurrent private
placement to repurchase the shares of our common stock that Mr. Baird and Mr. Coke acquired in
connection with the formation and initial capitalization of our company.
Related Person Transaction Approval Policy
All related person transactions must be reviewed and approved by the Board in advance of our
or any of our subsidiaries entering into the transaction. If we or any of our subsidiaries enters
into a transaction without recognizing that the transaction constitutes a related person
transaction, this approval requirement will be satisfied if the transaction is ratified by the
Board after we recognize that the transaction constituted a related person transaction. The term
related person transaction refers to a transaction required to be disclosed by the Company
pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K (or any successor provision) promulgated by the SEC.
In addition to any applicable requirements under the Maryland General Corporation Law, the
affirmative vote of a majority of disinterested directors, even if the disinterested directors
constitute less than a quorum, is required to authorize, approve or ratify any transaction,
agreement or relationship of the Company in which any director, officer or employee of the Company
has an interest.
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services. |
AUDIT FEES AND ALL OTHER FEES
Deloitte & Touche LLP served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the
period from our incorporation on November 6, 2009 through December 31, 2009. Aggregate fees for
professional services rendered by Deloitte & Touche LLP from November 6, 2009 through December 31,
2009 were as follows:
Types of Fees |
November 6, 2009 December 31, 2009 | |||
Audit Fees |
$ | 43,000 | ||
Audit-Related Fees |
| |||
Tax Fees |
$ | 7,150 | ||
All Other Fees |
| |||
Total |
$ | 50,150 |
Audit Fees
Audit fees include fees for professional services rendered for the audit of the financial
statements as of November 9, 2009 in connection with our initial public offering and as of December
31, 2009.
Audit-Related Fees
There were no fees billed for the period from November 6, 2009 through December 31, 2009 for
audit-related fees that are not disclosed above.
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Tax Fees
The tax fees set forth in the table above related to tax compliance, tax advice and tax
planning services rendered by Deloitte & Touche LLP in connection with our initial public offering.
All Other Fees
There were no fees billed for the period from November 6, 2009 through December 31, 2009 for
products and services that are not disclosed above.
AUDIT COMMITTEE PRE-APPROVAL OF AUDIT AND PERMISSIBLE NON-AUDIT SERVICES OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by the
independent registered public accounting firm unless an exception to such pre-approval exists under
the Exchange Act or the rules of the SEC. These services may include audit services, audit-related
services, tax services and other services.
Part IV
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules. |
1. | Financial Statements | ||
Included herein beginning on page F-1. | |||
2. | Financial Statement Schedules | ||
None. | |||
3. | Exhibits |
The exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed in the
Exhibit Index at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference
herein.
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Page | ||||
F-2 | ||||
F-3 | ||||
F-4 |
F-1
Table of Contents
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors of
Terreno Realty Corporation
San Francisco, California
Terreno Realty Corporation
San Francisco, California
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Terreno Realty Corporation (the Company)
as of December 31, 2009. This balance sheet is the responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on this balance sheet based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the balance sheet is free of material misstatement. The
Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control
over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial
reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control
over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall balance sheet presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable
basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such balance sheet presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Terreno Realty Corporation as of December 31, 2009, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Francisco, California
March 29, 2010
March 29, 2010
F-2
Table of Contents
Terreno Realty Corporation
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2009 | ||||
Assets |
||||
Cash |
$ | 1,000 | ||
Total Assets |
$ | 1,000 | ||
Liabilities & Stockholders Equity |
||||
Liabilities |
| |||
Stockholders Equity Common shares ($0.01 par value, 100,000 shares authorized, 1,000 shares issued and outstanding) |
$ | 10 | ||
Additional Paid in Capital |
990 | |||
Retained Earnings |
| |||
Total Stockholders Equity |
$ | 1,000 | ||
Total Liabilities & Stockholders Equity |
$ | 1,000 | ||
See accompanying notes to financial statement.
F-3
Table of Contents
Terreno Realty Corporation
Notes to Financial Statement
December 31, 2009
December 31, 2009
Note 1. Organization
Terreno Realty Corporation (Terreno, and together with its subsidiaries, the Company) is a
newly organized Maryland corporation focused on acquiring industrial real estate located in six
major coastal U.S. markets: Los Angeles Area; Northern New Jersey/New York City; San Francisco Bay
Area; Seattle Area; Miami Area; and Washington, D.C./Baltimore.
Terreno completed an initial public offering (IPO) of 8,750,000 shares of its common stock
at a price of $20.00 per share and a concurrent private placement of 350,000 shares of common stock
at a price of $20.00 per share on February 16, 2010. The net proceeds were approximately $169.8
million. Prior to the completion of its IPO, Terreno had no assets other than cash and had not
commenced operations.
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation. The balance sheet includes all of the accounts of Terreno as of
December 31, 2009, presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
(U.S. GAAP).
Use of Estimates. The preparation of the balance sheet in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet.
Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Underwriting Commissions and Offering Costs. Underwriting commissions and offering costs
incurred in connection with Terrenos IPO will be reflected as a reduction of additional paid in
capital. The underwriters deferred approximately $7.0 million of their underwriting commissions
until such time as Terreno purchases assets in accordance with its investment strategy with an
aggregate price (including the amount of any outstanding indebtedness assumed or incurred by
Terreno) at least equal to the net proceeds from the IPO. The deferred underwriting commissions
and other unpaid offering costs will be reflected in accrued expenses. As of February 28, 2010,
Terreno had paid approximately $4.5 million in underwriting commissions and offering costs,
including approximately $0.9 million of other offering costs.
Organization Costs. Costs incurred to organize Terreno will be expensed as incurred.
Cash. Cash is comprised of cash held in a major banking institution.
Note 3. Subsequent Events. Terreno has evaluated subsequent events through the date the balance
sheet was issued and noted the following significant events:
| Terreno completed an IPO of 8,750,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $20.00 per share and a concurrent private placement of 350,000 shares of common stock at a price of $20.00 per share on February 16, 2010. The net proceeds were approximately $169.8 million. | ||
| In connection with the completion of the IPO, Terrenos executive officers, employees and directors were granted 141,250 shares of restricted common stock with an aggregate value of $2.8 million, which will vest ratably in annual installments over a five-year period commencing with the completion of the offering. | ||
| In connection with the completion of the IPO on February 16, 2010, Terreno issued 12,000 shares of common stock to Terreno Capital Partners LLC, an entity owned by Terrenos executive officers, in exchange for the contribution of fixed assets to Terreno with a net book value of $240,000. |
F-4
Table of Contents
| On March 24, 2010, the Company consummated a $50.0 million senior revolving credit facility with KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent, and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., in its capacity as the lead arranger (the Facility). The amount available under the Facility may be increased up to $150 million, subject to the approval of the administrative agent and the identification of lenders willing to make available additional amounts. Interest on the Facility will generally be paid based upon, at the Companys option, either (i) LIBOR, subject to a floor of 1.50%, plus the applicable LIBOR margin or (ii) the applicable base rate which is the greater of the administrative agents prime rate plus 1.00%, 0.50% above the fed funds effective rate, or thirty-day LIBOR (incorporating the floor of 1.50%) plus the applicable LIBOR margin for LIBOR rate loans under the Facility. The applicable LIBOR margin will range from 3.00% to 4.25%, depending on the ratio of the Companys outstanding consolidated indebtedness to the value of the Companys consolidated gross asset value. The Facility includes a series of financial and other covenants that the Company must comply with in order to borrow under the Facility. Terreno has agreed to guarantee the obligations of the borrower (a wholly-owned subsidiary) under the senior revolving credit facility. | ||
| On March 9, 2010, the Company agreed to acquire, subject to the satisfaction of closing conditions, an industrial property located in San Jose, CA aggregating approximately 72,000 square feet for a total purchase price of approximately $5.6 million. | ||
| On March 26, 2010, the Company acquired, an industrial property located in Fremont, CA aggregating approximately 140,000 square feet for a total purchase price of approximately $7.3 million. |
F-5
Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, in the City of San Francisco, State of California, on March 29, 2010.
Terreno Realty Corporation |
||||
By: | /s/ W. Blake Baird | |||
W. Blake Baird | ||||
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Power of Attorney
We, the undersigned directors of Terreno Realty Corporation hereby severally constitute and
appoint W. Blake Baird and Michael A. Coke, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys,
with full power to them and each of them singly, to sign for us in our names in the capacities
indicated below, all amendments to this report, and generally to do all things in our names and on
our behalf in such capacities to enable Terreno Realty Corporation to comply with the provisions of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||||
/s/ W. Blake Baird
|
(principal executive officer) | March 29, 2010 | ||
President, Chief Financial Officer and Director | ||||
/s/ Michael A. Coke
|
(principal financial and accounting officer) | March 29, 2010 | ||
/s/ LeRoy E. Carlson
|
Director | March 29, 2010 | ||
/s/ Peter J. Merlone
|
Director | March 29, 2010 | ||
/s/ Douglas M. Pasquale
|
Director | March 29, 2010 | ||
/s/ Dennis Polk
|
Director | March 29, 2010 | ||
Table of Contents
Exhibit Index
Exhibit | ||
Number | Exhibit Description | |
1.1
|
Form of Underwriting Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 1.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 15, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
3.1
|
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Registrant (previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
3.2
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
4.1
|
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Registrant (previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Amendment No. 3 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 15, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
10.1
|
Form of Severance Agreement between Registrant and W. Blake Baird (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
10.2
|
Form of Severance Agreement between Registrant and Michael A. Coke (previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated by reference herein) | |
10.3*
|
2010 Equity Incentive Plan of Registrant | |
10.4
|
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Executive Officers and Employees (previously filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
10.5
|
Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors (previously filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
10.6
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant and its Directors and Executive Officers (previously filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
10.7*
|
Long-Term Incentive Plan of Registrant | |
10.8
|
Form of Award Notice under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of Registrant (previously filed as Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
10.9
|
Form of Subscription Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 2 to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 on January 6, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference) | |
21*
|
Subsidiaries of Registrant | |
23.1*
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
24.1*
|
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K) | |
31.1*
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2*
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1**
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.2**
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
* | Filed herewith. | |
** | Furnished herewith. |