THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC. - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____to_____

Commission File Number: 000-54554

Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates was $1,296,570,604 based on a closing price of $0.0415 as of June 30, 2022.

As of March 29 2022, 2,504,998,180 shares of the registrartant’s common stock, par value of $0.0001 per shares, were outstanding.

INDEX

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

PART I.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws, which are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. All statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements, including statements about our business strategy, uncertainty regarding our future operating results and our profitability, anticipated sources of funds and all plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and any statements regarding future potential revenue, gross margins and our prospects for 2021 and thereafter. These statements may appear in a number of places and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “future,” “intend,” or “certain” or the negative of these terms or other variations or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy.

The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements:

Actual results may vary materially from those in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this document. No assurance can be given that the risk factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are all of the factors that could cause actual results to vary materially from the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. They involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. The Company’s future results and shareholder values may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements also include statements in which words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “consider,” or similar expressions are used. References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the “Company,” “TSOI,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc.

Corporate History

Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. (“TSOI” or the “Company”) was organized August 6, 2007 under the name Friendly Auto Dealers, Inc., under the laws of the State of Nevada. In the first quarter of 2011 the Company changed its name from Friendly Auto Dealers, Inc. to Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc., and acquired Splint Decisions, Inc., a California corporation.

On December 17, 2020, Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. Board of Directors made a decision to move our corporate headquarters to Elk City, Idaho 83525 and has purchased real property at 701 Wild Rose Lane and 50 Bullock Lane, Elk City Idaho 83525. The Company continues to maintain a satellite office at the current address of 4093 Oceanside Blvd., Suite B, Oceanside CA, 92056.

Business Description

Currently the Company is focused on immune modulation for the treatment of several specific diseases. Immune modulation refers to the ability to upregulate (make more active) or downregulate (make less active) one’s immune system.

Activating one’s immune system is now an accepted method to treat certain cancers, reduce recovery time from viral or bacterial infections and to prevent illness. Additionally, inhibiting one’s immune system is vital for reducing inflammation, autoimmune disorders aand allergic reactions.

TSOI is developing a range of immune-modulatory agents to target certain cancers, schizophrenia, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, lung pathologies, and for daily health.

Nutraceutical Division – TSOI has been producing high quality nutraceuticals. Its current flagship product, QuadraMune® , is a patented synergistic blend of pterostilbene, sulforaphane, epigallocatechingallate, and thymoquionone. QuadraMune has been shown to increase Natural Killer Cell activity and healthy Cytokine production. Our synergistic blend of ingredients help the immune system fight off common and complex ailments and promote healthy T Cell activity. Recently the Company was approved to sell certain nutraceuticals on the Amazon Platform.

Cellular Division – TSOI obtained exclusive rights to a patented adult stem cell for development of therapeutics in the area of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Lung Pathology (LP).

The stem cell licensed, termed “JadiCell” is unique in that it possesses features of mesenchymal stem cells, however, outperforms these cells in terms of a) enhanced growth factor production; b) augmented ability to secrete exosomes; and c) superior angiogenic and neurogenic ability.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repetitive concussive/sub-concussive hits to the head sustained over a period of years and is often found in football players. The condition is characterized by memory loss, impulsive/erratic behavior, impaired judgment, aggression, depression, and dementia. In many patients with CTE, it is anatomically characterized by brain atrophy, reduced mass of frontal and temporal cortices, and medial temporal lobe. TSOI has previously filed several patents in the area of CTE based on modulating the brain microenvironment to enhance receptivity of regenerative cells such as stem cells. On March 4, 2021 the Company received an IND Serial # 27377 for a clinical trial of 10 patients with CTE.

On August 4th, 2021, the Company announced clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate a Phase III pivotal trial for registration of the Company’s JadiCell™ universal donor stem cell as a treatment for COVID-19 associated lung failure under IND # 19757. In previous studies the Company has demonstrated the superior activity of JadiCell™ to other types of stem cells including bone marrow, adipose, cord blood, and placenta. Furthermore, the JadiCell™ was shown to be 100% effective in saving the lives of COVID-19 patients under the age of 85 in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial with patients in the ICU on a ventilator. In patients over the age of 85 the survival rate was 91%.

In addition, the Company has filed data with the FDA, as part of IND #17448, which demonstrated that treatment of cancer patients with StemVacs™ resulted in enhanced activity of a type of immunological cell called “natural killer” cells, otherwise known as “NK cells.”

The Company has also developed an allogenic version of StemVacs and has filed patents to cover activating universal donor immune system cells called dendritic cells in a manner so that upon injection they reprogram the body’s NK cells.

Most recently the Company announced filing of a patent for a new hybrid cell created by the Company capable of training the immune system to kill blood vessels feeding cancer, but sparing healthy blood vessels. These discoveries are an extension of previous findings from the Company showing that StemVacs is capable of suppressing new blood vessel production.

Nutraceutical Division (TSOI)

Patents:

TSOI filed a patent in July 2015 covering the use of its ProJuvenol® product, as well as various pterostilbene compositions, for use in augmenting efficacy of existing immuno-oncology drugs that are currently on the market. The patent is based on the ability of pterostilbene, one of the major ingredients of ProJuvenol®, to reduce oxidative stress produced by cancer cells, which in turn protects the immune system from cancer mediated immune suppression. That patent, U.S. No.: 9,682,047 was granted on 6-20-2017.

In addition, on April 28, 2016, the Company filed a patent application covering the use of ProJuvenol© and its active ingredient pterostilbene for augmentation of stem cell activity. Diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by deficient stem cell activity. The patent covers the stimulation of stem cells that already exist in the patient’s body, as well as stem cells that are administered therapeutically. Studies have shown that patients who have higher levels of endogenous stem cell activity have reduced cardiovascular disease risk and undergo accelerated neurological recovery after stroke as compared to patients with lower numbers of such stem cells.

On October 16, 2017, the Company filed a patent application titled “Synergistic Inhibition of Glioma Using Pterostilbene and Analogues Thereof” which was developed to utilize the ability of the immune system to augment the possibility of increasing overall survival of glioma patients after treatment with conventional therapies. Our data suggests that when pterostilbene is combined with brain cancer therapeutics such as Gefitinib, Sertraline, or Temozolomide, the prognosis is vastly improved.

On August 13, 2018, the Company filed a patent application titled “Enhancement of Ozone Therapy using Pterostilbene” showing pterostilbene potently augments killing of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer cells by ozone therapy. The data obtained is an extension of ongoing work at the Company seeking to identify means of enhancing the effects of pterostilbene administration for treatment of a variety of cancers, as well as enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer therapies.

On September 17, 2018, the Company filed a patent application titled “Pterostilbene and Compositions Thereof for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy” with new data demonstrating the ability of its NeuroStilbene intranasal formulation of pterostilbene to successfully prevent the development of brain injury in an animal model of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aka CTE.

On September 25, 2018, the Company filed a patent application titled “Pterostilbene and Formulations Thereof for Treatment of Pathological Immune Activation” covering novel clinical data using its NanoStilbene™ formulation to reduce inflammatory cytokine production in cancer patients.

On September 9, 2019, the Company filed a patent application titled “Pterostilbene and Formulations Thereof for Protection of Hematopoiesis from Chemotherapy and Radiation” covering the ability of NanoStilbene™ and its active ingredient, pterostilbene, at accelerating recovery of blood cells after treatment with chemotherapy.

On November 4, 2019, the Company filed a patent application titled “Cellular, Organ, and Whole-Body Rejuvenation Utilizing Cord Blood Plasma and Pterostilbene” suggesting that pterostilbene, the active ingredient in commercially available NanoStilbene™, augments the ability of cord blood plasma to suppress biological properties associated with aging.

On May 4, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Nutraceuticals for the Prevention, Inhibition and Treatment of SARS-Cov-2 and Associated COVID-19” developed to address issues of susceptibility, inflammation, and viral immunity, for COVID-19 patients.

On May 11, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of COVID-19 Lung Injury Using Umbilical Cord Plasma Based Compositions” covers new data in which combinations of pterostilbene and other compounds with cord blood are shown to be capable of suppressing lung inflammation associated with COVID-19 in an animal model.

On June 11, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Nutraceuticals for Reducing Myeloid Suppressor Cells” showing QuadraMune reduces the number and activity of immune inhibitory cells termed “myeloid suppressor cells.”

On June 15, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Nutraceuticals for Suppressing Indolamine 2,3 Deoxygenase” from new data showing QuadraMune™ significantly inhibited inflammation associated with memory impairment, as well as reduced levels of kynurenine. Elevation of kynurenine is associated with activation of indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase, an enzyme associated with inflammation and depression.

On June 22, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with Dendritic Cells for Innate and/or Adaptive Immunity” with new data showing its clinical-stage cancer immunotherapeutic product StemVacs™ appears to reduce innate immune induced inflammation in lungs while stimulating immune cells known to possess antiviral properties. StemVacs™ is a cell-based drug comprised of dendritic cells activated in a proprietary manner which when administered stimulates a type of immune system cell termed “natural killer” or NK cells. Numerous studies have shown that NK cells are involved in protecting the body from cancer and from viruses. The FDA has allowed for clinical trials of COVID-19 patients using an NK cell-based drug termed CYNK-001.

On June 30, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Augmentation of Natural Killer Cell Activity and Induction of Cytotoxic Immunity Using Leukocyte Lysate Activated Allogeneic Dendritic Cells: StemVacs™” which describes the process of preparing allogeneic dendritic cells utilizing a leukocyte lysate based approach. These data support development of StemVacs for conditions that would benefit from NK activation such as cancer and COVID-19.On July 13, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Prevention of Pathological Coagulation in COVID-19 and other Inflammatory Conditions” with new data showing that the ingredients of QuadraMune™ suppress expression of an inflammation stimulated molecule which is known to induce coagulation of blood. Inhibition of this coagulation-promoting molecule, called Tissue Factor, was synergistic with all four ingredients of QuadraMune™ when combined. Tissue Factor is known to be associated with COVID-19 disease and is the culprit for clotting associated conditions such as deep vein thrombosis and atherothrombosis.

On July 22, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Additive and/or Synergistic Combinations of Metformin with Nutraceuticals for the Prevention, Inhibition and Treatment of SARS-Cov-2 and Associated COVID-19” showing potent synergy between QuadraMune™ and the antidiabetic drug metformin in treating COVID-19 associated lung damage models. It was discovered that the ability of QuadraMune™ to protect the lungs from inflammation that resembles coronavirus-induced pathology is markedly amplified by concurrent administration of metformin. At a mechanistic level, it was shown that metformin increased the ability of QuadraMune™ to a) increase the number of “healing macrophages” (“M2” macrophages); b) augment production of anti-inflammatory and regenerative proteins; and c) suppress production of pathological inflammatory proteins.

On July 28, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration by Pterostilbene and Compositions Thereof” with new data demonstrating that the blueberry derived compound pterostilbene possesses numerous brain protective and potentially brain regenerative activities. The data disclosed by the Company indicates: a) pterostilbene suppresses inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6; b) pterostilbene inhibits death of neurons caused by inflammatory mediators; c) pterostilbene stimulates production of regenerative factors from cells in the brain such as BDNF, NGF, FGF-1, and FGF-2; and d) pterostilbene allows/enhances proliferation of endogenous brain stem cells.

On August 05, 2020 the Company filed a patent application titled “Prevention of Neuroinflammation associated Memory Loss Using Nutraceutical Compositions” which discloses means, methods, and therapeutic compositions for prevention of memory loss during situations of neuroinflammation.

On August 21, 2020 the Company filed a patent application titled “Methods of Determining Risk of Suicide and/or Suicidal Ideation by Immunological Assessment” which discloses means and methods of identifying risk of suicide and/or suicidal ideation by assessment of immunologically related cytokines and cells. In one embodiment, a score, termed the “Campbell Score” is devised based on assessment of serum cytokines, ability of immune cells to make cytokines when stimulated ex vivo, and ability of immune cells to produce neurotransmitters when stimulated ex-vivo.

On August 28, 2020 the Company filed a patent application titled “Upregulation of Therapeutic T Regulatory Cells and Suppression of Suicidal Ideations in Response to Inflammation by Administration of Nutraceutical Compositions Alone or Combined with Minocycline” which discloses compositions of matter, treatments and protocols useful for induction of T regulatory cells in response to inflammation, as well as inhibition of suicidal ideations and/or neuroinflammation. In some embodiments the invention teaches the administration of a therapeutic combination of ingredients comprising of minocycline, pterostilbene, nigella sativa, sulforaphane, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to a mammal undergoing upregulation of inflammatory mediators.

On September 14, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Immunotherapy of Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Associated Suicidal Ideation/Suicide” Disclosed are methods, means, and protocols of modifying the immune system so as to induce an immunologically tolerant state insofar as T regulatory cell number and/or activity is augmented in a patient suffering from schizophrenia. In one embodiment T regulatory cells are administered to the patient from exogenous sources, be they allogeneic or autologous. In other embodiments, T regulatory cells are generated endogenously through administration of immature dendritic cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and/or pharmaceutical means.

On September 24, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Personalized Immunotherapies for Reduction of Brain Inflammation and Suicide Prevention” that discloses means, methods and compositions of matter useful for reduction of brain inflammation and prevention of suicidal ideations and suicidal attempts. In one embodiment the invention provides utilization of autologous platelet rich plasma, alone, or admixed with regenerative/anti-inflammatory adjuvants, for reduction of neural inflammation. In one embodiment autologous PRP is admixed with oxytocin and administered intranasally in a patient at risk of suicidal ideation. In another embodiment, PRP is admixed with fortified and non-fortified nigella sativa oil and administered intranasally. Other embodiments include utilization of autologous stromal vascular fraction cells alone and/or admixed with regenerative/anti-inflammatory adjuvants.

On October 18, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Nutraceutical Reduction Prevention and/or Reversion of Multiple Sclerosis” that discloses compositions of matter, protocols, and treatment means for preventing and/or reversing multiple sclerosis in a mammal. In one embodiment administration of compositions containing pterostilbene, and/or nigella sativa, and/or sulforaphane, and/or epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are provided.

On October 27, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled ““Protection/Regeneration of Neurological Function by Endothelial Protection/Rejuvenation using Stem Cells for Treatment of Conditions such as Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Schizophrenia” which therapeutic compounds, protocols, and compositions of matter useful for treatment of neurological conditions. In one embodiment the invention teaches the treatment of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) through protecting/regenerating the endothelial by administration of cells such as stem cells. In one embodiment stem cells are administered in order to protect the endothelium from apoptosis and to preserve the blood brain barrier. In another embodiment stem cells are administered together with endothelial progenitor cells in order to regenerate neural endothelium. In other embodiments preservation of brain integrity in conditions of degeneration is accomplished by administration of stem cells and/or endothelial cells.

On November 24, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Stimulation of NK Cell Activity by QuadraMune Alone and together with Metformin” that disclosed means, compounds, and compositions of matter useful for stimulation of natural killer cell activity. In some embodiments the invention teaches the administration of a therapeutic combination of ingredients comprising of metformin, pterostilbene, nigella sativa, sulforaphane, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to a mammal in need of natural killer cell immune modulation. In another embodiment, the invention teaches administration of said therapeutic combination to a mammal infected with said SARS-CoV-2. In some embodiments dosage of said therapeutic combination is based on inflammatory and/or immunological parameters observed in patients with COVID-19.

On December 8, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidal Ideations Through Stimulation of Hippocampal Neurogenesis Utilizing Plant-Based Approaches” that teaches means and methods of treating major depressive disorder and/or other disorders that predispose to suicide by administration of nutraceutical means, wherein said nutraceuticals are administered at a frequency and/or concentration sufficient to induce proliferation of endogenous neural progenitor cells. In one embodiment said nutraceuticals are comprised of green tea extract, and/or nigella sativa, and/or pterostilbene, and/or sulforaphane. In some embodiment’s nutraceutical compositions are utilized to overcome treatment resistant of currently used antidepressants.

On December 21, 2020, the Company filed a patent application titled “Immunotherapy for Opioid Addiction” which teaches means, methods and compositions of matter useful for reduction of brain inflammation and prevention of opioid addiction and/or tolerance. In one embodiment the invention provides utilization of platelet rich plasma (PRP), alone, or admixed with regenerative/anti-inflammatory adjuvants, for reduction of neural inflammation. In one embodiments PRP is admixed with oxytocin and administered intranasally in a patient at risk of opioid addiction. In another embodiment, PRP is admixed with fortified and non-fortified nigella sativa oil, and/or pterostilbene and administered intranasally. Other embodiments include utilization of autologous stromal vascular fraction cells alone and/or admixed with regenerative/anti-inflammatory adjuvants.

On January 26, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Stimulation of Dendritic Cell Activity by Homotaurine and Analogues Thereof” which discloses means, methods, and compositions of matter useful for enhancement of dendritic cell activity. In one embodiment the invention provides the use of GABA agonists such as homotaurine for stimulation of dendritic cell activity. In one embodiment said dendritic cell activity is enhancement of natural killer cell activity and/or of T cell activity. In one embodiment NK cell activity is ability to induce cytotoxicity in neoplastically transformed cells, whereas T cell activity is either cytokine production for CD4 cells or cytotoxicity for CD8 cells.

On February 8, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Stimulation of Natural Kill Cell Memory by Administration of Dendritic Cells” which teaches means, methods and compositions of matter useful for induction of natural killer cell memory by administration of dendritic cells and/or exosomes thereof. In one embodiment a mammal suffering from cancer is administered allogeneic cord blood derived dendritic cells that are not pulsed exogenously. In one embodiment the dendritic cells are stimulated to possess chemotactic activity towards the tumor by culture of dendritic cell progenitors in hypoxia. Natural killer cell memory is induced, in part, by triggering of upregulation of cytokines associated with homeostatic expansion such as interleukin 7 and interleukin 15.

On February 22, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Ex Vivo Generation of Immunocytes Recognizing Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) Expressing Cancer Stem Cells” that discloses means, methods and compositions of matter useful for induction of immunity towards cancer stem cells by providing a dendritic cell, wherein said dendritic cells express BORIS and/or peptides derived from BORIS, wherein said dendritic cell is cultured in the presence of one or more immunocytes. In one embodiment said dendritic cells are derived from umbilical cord blood sources and allogeneic to T cells, which are expanded ex vivo and used for the purposes of immunotherapy.

On March 4, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Therapeutic Monocytes for Prevention of Suicidal Ideation” that discloses compositions of matter, protocols, and therapeutic means for treatment of suicidal ideations and/or suppression of suicidal attempts. In one embodiment the invention provides the use of umbilical cord derived monocytes as a means of treatment. In another embodiment, monocytes are de-differentiated from adult monocytes using reprogramming means to create monocyte capable of producing anti-inflammatory as well as regenerative properties useful in reducing suicidal ideations and/or attempts.

On March 16, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Dendritic Cells and Engineered Dendritic Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy” that disclosed populations of dendritic cells generated from stem cells capable of inducing immunity towards cancer. In one embodiment said dendritic cells are generated from allogeneic inducible pluripotent stem cells, for some uses, said pluripotent stem cells are genetically engineered/edited to induce cancer specific immunity and/or resist immunosuppressive effect of tumor derived microenvironment. In one embodiment pluripotent stem cells are transfected with cancer stem cell antigens such as BORIS and/or NR2F6.

On March 23, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Chimeric Cells Comprising Dendritic Cells and Endothelial Cells Resembling Tumor Endothelium” that teaches means, methods and compositions of matter useful for induction of immunological responses towards tumor endothelial cells. In one embodiment the invention teaches fusion of dendritic cells and cells resembling tumor endothelial cells and administration of such chimeric cells as an immunotherapy for stimulation of tumor endothelial cell destruction. In other embodiments pluripotent stem cells are utilized to generate dendritic cells, wherein said dendritic cells are fused with pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells created in a manner to resemble tumor endothelial cells.

On March 29, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Compositions Capable of Stimulating Immunity Towards Tumor Blood Vessels” which discloses novel means, protocols, and compositions of matter for eliciting an immune response against blood vessels supplying neoplastic tissue. In one embodiment pluripotent stem cells are transfected with one or more genes capable of eliciting immunity. In some embodiments such genes are engineered under control of specific promoters to allow for various specificities of activity. In one specific embodiment pluripotent stem cells engineered to endow properties capable of inducing expression of the α-Gal epitope (Galα1,3Galα1,4GlcNAc-R).

On April 13, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Amelioration and Treatment of Opioid Addiction” that discloses compositions of matter, protocols and treatment means for reducing and/or preventing opioid addiction. In one embodiment the invention teaches intranasal administration of umbilical cord blood plasma, or extracts thereof, together with pterostilbene or pterostilbene containing nanoparticles, and/or oxytocin, and/or human chorionic gonadotropin.

On May 17, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder by Low Dose Interleukin-2”

which teaches methods, compositions of matter, and protocols useful for treatment of major depressive disorder through administration of low dose interleukin-2 at a concentration and/or frequency sufficient to increase expansion of T regulatory cell numbers and/or enhancement of T regulatory cell activity. In some embodiments administration of interleukin-2 is provided as means of enhancing efficacy of standard antidepressant therapies. Furthermore, administration of interleukin-2 receptor agonists is also described in the current invention as a treatment of major depressive disorder.

On May 21, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Lithium as a Monotherapy and/or Stem Cell Adjuvant Therapy for Pulmonary Fibrosis” that disclosed compositions of matter, therapeutics, and protocols useful for reduction and/or reversion of pulmonary fibrosis. In one specific embodiment lithium chloride is administered together with a regenerative cell in a patient suffering from, or at risk of pulmonary fibrosis. In one embodiment said lithium chloride is administered as an adjuvant to a regenerative therapy, wherein said regenerative therapy is a gene therapy, a protein therapy, a cell therapy, or a tissue transplant. In one embodiment lithium chloride, or a salt thereof is utilized alone, or with a regenerative means, to evoke preservation and/or elongation of telomere length in pulmonary tissue. In one embodiment the invention teaches administration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and/or products derived from said cells in order to induce an inhibition of natural or pathological reduction of telomere length, to preserve telomere length or to enhance telomere length. In one embodiment the MSC described in the invention as useful are umbilical cord derived MSC.

On May 24, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Immunotherapies for Targeting of Tumor Vasculature” that disclosed novel means, protocols, and compositions of matter for creating targeted immune responses and/or induction of immunological memory towards the tumor vasculature. In one embodiment pluripotent stem cells are transfected with one or more genes capable of eliciting immunity, induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells which resemble the tumor endothelial cells, and utilized as a vaccine. In some embodiment’s genes are engineered under control of specific promoters to allow for various specificities of activity. In one specific embodiment pluripotent stem cells engineered to endow properties capable of inducing expression of the α-Gal epitope (Galα1,3Galα1,4GlcNAc-R). Addition of adjuvants to enhance antigen presentation of the vaccine composition, as well as means of stimulating systemic enhancement of circulating endothelial specific T cells are also disclosed.

On July 6, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease by Immune Modulation and Regenerative Means” in which we describe and disclose means, methods and compositions of matter for treatment Parkinson’s Disease through concurrent immune modulation and regenerative means. In one embodiment Parkinson’s Disease is treated by augmentation of T regulatory cell numbers and/or activity while concurrently providing regenerative cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, and/or dopamine secreting cells. In one embodiment administration of immunoglobulins such as IVIG together with low dose interleukin-2 and/or low dose naltrexone is disclosed as a preparatory means prior to administration of therapeutic cells such as stem cells. Other therapeutic means utilized in an adjuvant manner are also provided for hormonal rebalancing, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and deep brain stimulation.

On August 11, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Induction of Neurogenesis using Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derivatives Thereof” that disclosed compositions of matter and protocols useful for treatment of neurological dysfunctions through stimulation of adult neurogenesis using administration of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells such as JadiCells. In one embodiment viral induced neuropathy is reduced by administration of JadiCells to stimulate neurogenesis. In another embodiment the neurogenic activity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is enhanced by administration of JadiCells. In some embodiments administration of JadiCell exosomes, conditioned media, microvesicles and/or apoptotic bodies is utilized to stimulate neurogenesis.

On August 18, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Enhancement of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Activity by Stimulators of T Regulatory Cells and/or Cells Expressing CD73” that teaches compositions of matter and protocols useful for treatment of COVID-19 and/or other inflammatory pathologies through stimulation of T regulatory cells and/or T cells expressing CD73 using administration of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells such as JadiCells. In one embodiment dosage of JadiCells needed to treat a patient is determined by the increase of T regulatory cells and/or CD73 expressing cells that are increased in number and/or activity subsequent to a test dose of JadiCells. In another embodiment stimulators of T regulatory cells and/or CD73 expressing T cells are utilized together with JadiCells in order to augment therapeutic activity. In some embodiments administration of JadiCell is performed with low dose interleukin-2 as a treatment for COVID-19 or other inflammatory related pathologies.

On August 23, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Degeneration” that discloses means of treating lung degenerative diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CODP) using umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells such as JadiCells alone, and/or using said cells under conditions that are activated in order to endow enhanced regenerative activity. In one embodiment said activation of said mesenchymal stem cells is performed through stimulation with a toll like receptor agonist at a concentration and duration sufficient to induce a >50% increase in keratinocyte growth factor expression from said stem cells. In another embodiment the invention provides the use of JadiCells as a means of producing exosomes, wherein said exosomes possess therapeutic properties capable of reducing inflammation, fibrosis and degeneration associated with COPD, as well as stimulation of regenerative activity. In some JadiCells are activated by a treatment with Activated Protein C.

On September 16, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Ivermectin Compositions for Treatment of COVID-19” that discloses novel mechanisms of action of ivermectin therapy as related to treatment of COVID-19 and means of augmenting therapeutic activities by co-administration with one or more of the following: pterostilbene, thymoquinone, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and sulforaphane. In one embodiment the invention provides enhanced reduction of inflammation induced pulmonary leakage without augmenting immune suppressive mechanisms.

On September 22, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapeutic Activities by T Regulatory Cells” teaches novel means of enhancing mesenchymal stem cell regenerative activities including, intra alia, production from pulmonary leakage and suppression of scar tissue formation by co-administration with T regulatory cells. In some embodiments the invention provides an interaction between T regulatory cells and mesenchymal stem cells in which T regulatory cells stimulate upregulation of mesenchymal stem cell activity in a GITR dependent manner.

On October 4, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Reduction of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Exosomes” that disclosed methods of reducing lung inflammation in acute respiratory distress syndrome elicited by various factors such as COVID-19 infection by reduction of neutrophil extracellular trap formation through administration of mesenchymal stem cells and/or exosomes thereof. The invention provides means of inhibiting neutrophil release of extracellular traps by mesenchymal stem cells and/or exosomes derived from said mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, synergies are provided between mesenchymal stem cells and/or exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and agents approaches which reduce neutrophil extracellular trap formation.

On October 11, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Umbilical Cord Derived Regenerative and Immune Modulatory Stem Cell Populations” which provides universal donor cellular populations derived from umbilical cords possessing ability to elicit immune modulation and evoke regeneration when administered into a mammalian host. Generation of cellular products for clinical use are provided including methodologies of expansion, characterization, and means of therapeutic implementation.

On November 1, 2021, the Company filed a patent application titled “Induction of Concurrent Pulmonary Immune Modulation and Regeneration by Protein Mediated Conjugation of Immune Regulatory Cells with Endogenous Progenitor Cells” that discloses means, methods and compositions of matter useful for treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases such as COVID-19 through administration of agents that facilitate interaction between immune modulatory cells and endogenous pulmonary progenitor cells. In one embodiment a bispecific antibody capable of facilitating the interaction between CD25 on T regulatory cells and CD47 on pulmonary epithelial stem cells is described.

On February 7, 2022, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of COVID-19 Associated Cognitive Dysfunction by Nutraceutical Preparations” that teaches means and methods of treating cognitive dysfunction associated with COVID-19 and/or other associated with inflammatory conditions. In one embodiment treatment of COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction performed by administration of nutraceutical means, wherein said nutraceuticals are administered at a frequency and/or concentration sufficient to induce proliferation of endogenous neural progenitor cells and/or protect cells from inflammatory damage. In one embodiment said nutraceuticals are comprised of green tea extract, and/or nigella sativa, and/or pterostilbene, and/or sulforaphane. In some embodiments nutraceutical compositions are utilized to overcome treatment resistant of currently used antidepressants.

On March 7, 2022, the Company filed a patent application titled “Treatment of Trauma Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Apoptotic Bodies and Compositions Thereof” which teaches means, treatments and compositions of matter useful for treatment of chemotherapy/radiotherapy associated cognitive dysfunction. In one embodiment the invention provides the administration of mesenchymal stem cell apoptotic bodies alone or in combination with “regenerative adjuvants” to prevent and/or reverse cognitive dysfunction associated with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In other embodiments the invention teaches the utilization of stem cell apoptotic bodies for induction of neuroregeneration directly or indirectly.

Issued and Granted Patents:

On June 20, 2017, the US Patent and Trademark Office issued and granted U.S. Patent No.: 9,682,047 titled “Augmentation of oncology immunotherapies by pterostilbene containing compositions” that discloses compositions and methods useful to enhancing, improving, or eliciting anti-tumor immune responses are disclosed. A pterostilbene containing composition is administered to a cancer patient at a sufficient concentration and frequency to induce de-repression of tumor targeting immune responses. The composition enhances antibody dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC) and augments efficacy of antigen specific immunotherapeutics such as trastuzumab and other monoclonal antibody therapies useful for treating cancer. See: https://patents.justia.com/patent/9682047.

On January 25, 2022, the US Patent and Trademark Office issued and granted U.S. Patent No.: 11229674 titled “Nutraceuticals for suppressing indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase” which disclosed are compositions of matter, treatments and protocols useful for reduction of expression and/or activity of indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO). In some embodiments the invention teaches the administration of a therapeutic combination of ingredients comprising of pterostilbene, Nigella sativa, sulforaphane, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to a mammal at possessing an increased expression and/or activity of said IDO in which reduction of number and/or activity is desired. In another embodiment, the invention teaches administration of said therapeutic combination to a mammal infected with viral and/or bacterial infections and/or neoplasia. In some embodiments dosage of said therapeutic combination is based on inflammatory and/or immunological parameters observed in patients. See: https://patents.justia.com/patent/11229674.

On March 08, 2022, the US Patent and Trademark Office issued and granted U.S. Patent No.: 11,266,707 titled “Nutraceuticals for the prevention, inhibition, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and associated COVID-19” that disclosed methods of treating or preventing complications associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection, comprising: administration of a combination comprising: a) Green Tea and/or extract thereof; b) Blueberry and/or extract thereof; c) Nigella sativa and/or extract thereof; and d) broccoli and/or extract thereof in an amount and frequency sufficient to treat or prevent complications associated with said SARS-CoV-2 infection. See: https://patents.justia.com/patent/11266707.

*The data provided here is partial and does not contain all materials submitted for publication and is preliminary until peer review is complete. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Immune-Oncology – Right To Try

In May of 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed into the law, the Right To Try bill. In 2015/2016 TSOI began and completed a 10 patient clinical trial of advanced cancer patients in Mexico at the Pan Am Cancer Treatment Center located in Tijuana Mexico using our dendritic cell vaccine code named StemVacs. TSOI has since generated GCP documentation for the previously treated 10 patients into a Phase I trial, which will be presented to the FDA by TSOI as part of an Ex-US trial compliant with 21 CFR 312.120 Foreign clinical studies not conducted under an IND. This is a required step to conform to the new Right To Try law.

StemVacs is an immunotherapy platform that consists of 5 components. The overarching approach to the StemVacs Immunotherapy Platform is as follows:

StemVacs Autologous is a subcutaneously administered vaccine comprised of immune stimulatory peptides resembling cancer stem cell specific proteins.

StemVacs Allogeneic is a subcutaneously administered vaccine comprised of immune stimulatory peptides resembling cancer stem cell specific proteins.

StemVacs-V Allogeneic is a subcutaneously administered vaccine comprised of dendritic cells generated from stem cells capable of inducing immunity towards cancer.

StemVacs-V Allogeneic iPSC a novel chimeric cell product generated by fusing StemVacs-V with iPSC derived endothelial cells which are cultured in a manner to make them replicate cancer stem cells. The final product is a subcutaneously administered vaccine.

Cancer Metabolic DeTox: This is an orally administered agent that is derived from various herbs termed apigenin. The unique property of apigenin is that it inhibits a cancer associated metabolic pathway that degrades the amino acid tryptophan. Specifically, apigenin inhibits the enzyme indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO), which is responsible for breaking down tryptophan in the vicinity of the tumor and generating by-products such as kynurenine. It is known that immune activation is dependent on tryptophan being present in the tumor environment. The depletion of tryptophan and generation of kynurenine by tumor cells and tumor associated cells is a major cause of immune suppression in cancer. By administering Cancer Metabolic DeTox, the innate arm of the immune system has a chance to regenerate. This positions the patient for better outcome after administration of specific immune stimulating vaccines.

MemoryMune: This is a product derived from a two-step culture process of donor blood cells. The product MemoryMune reawakens dormant immune memory cells. It is known that many cancer patients possess memory T cells that enter the tumor, however, once inside the tumor these cells are inactivated. MemoryMune contains a unique combination of growth factors specific for immune system cells called “cytokines”.

LymphoBoost: LymphoBoost is a proprietary formulation of Misoprostol, a drug approved for another indication, which we have shown to be capable of stimulating lymphocytes, particularly NK cells and T cells, both critical in maintaining anti-tumor immunity.

innaMune: This is a biological product derived from tissue culture of blood cells derived from healthy donors. It is a combination of cytokines that maintain activity of innate immune system cells, as well as having ability to shift M2 macrophages to M1.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and Lung Pathology.

On December 10, 2018, Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc., announced the signing of an agreement between TSOI and Jadi Cell LLC for licensing of the Jadi Cell universal donor adult stem cell, as covered in US Patent No.: 9,803,176 B2 for use in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). In addition, on February 9, 2021 we obtained exclusive rights under the same for use of US Patent No.: 9,803,176 B2 in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other lung pathologies. The JadiCell was reported in a publication from the University of Miami following a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, demonstrating intravenous administration of JadiCells, resulted in a significant survival improvement in COVID-19 patients. The Phase 1/2 double blind, placebo-controlled trial treated 12 advanced COVID-19 patients with 100 million JadiCells™ intravenously at days 0 and 3, and 12 patients received placebo control. At 28 days 91% of JadiCell™ treated patients survived whereas only 42% of patients in the placebo group survived. There were no adverse effects associated with JadiCell™ administration. For those treated with the JadiCell under the age of 85 the survival rate was 100% and in those over 85 the survival rate was 91% making the JadiCell the most effective therapy to date in the entire world to treat ARDS.

The Jadi Cell product, which belongs to the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) family of cells, is a unique adult stem cell, which produces higher levels of therapeutic factors compared to other stem cells. The cells have demonstrated safety in animal models and pilot human trials. The Jadi Cell product is generated from umbilical cords, which are a source of medical waste and available in large quantities at inexpensive prices.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repetitive concussive/sub-concussive hits to the head sustained over a period of years and is often found in football players. The condition is characterized by memory loss, impulsive/erratic behavior, impaired judgment, aggression, depression, and dementia. In many patients with CTE, it is anatomically characterized by brain atrophy, reduced mass of frontal and temporal cortices, and medial temporal lobe.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an insult to the brain, not of a degenerative or congenital nature, but caused by external physical force that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness, which results in an impairment of cognitive abilities or physical functioning.

CTE represents a significant unmet medical need which we believe is amenable to stem cell intervention. We are eager to accelerate treatments and potential cures for debilitating conditions such as CTE and traumatic brain injury and plan to leverage New regulatory pathways such as the recently approved “Right to Try” Law to deliver these medicines as soon as possible to patients which currently have no other options.

The Jadi Cell product because of its advanced stage of development in contrast to other stem cell types, which require years, if not decades of development before entry into American patients, will allow us we believe to be treating patients within 12 months. Currently means of isolating, producing, scaling up, and delivery of the cells has all been worked out by Jadi Cell and Collaborators.

On December 17, 2020 the Company filed an Investigational New Drug (IND) application seeking permission from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate a Phase I/II clinical trial assessing safety and signals of efficacy for treatment of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) patients with JadiCells™. On March 4, 2021 the Company received formal notice from FDA that our IND has been assigned serial # 27377.

On August 4th, 2021, the Company announced clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate a Phase III pivotal trial for registration of the Company’s JadiCell™ universal donor stem cell as a treatment for COVID-19 associated lung failure under IND # 19757. In previous studies the Company has demonstrated the superior activity of JadiCell™ to other types of stem cells including bone marrow, adipose, cord blood, and placenta. Furthermore, the JadiCell™ was shown to be 100% effective in saving the lives of COVID-19 patients under the age of 85 in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial with patients in the ICU on a ventilator. In patients over the age of 85 the survival rate was 91%.

Sars/CoV2 Clinical Programs

On June 8, 2020, the Company announced the initiation of a clinical trial aimed at demonstrating safety and efficacy of its immune-boosting formulation QuadraMune™. The trial is anticipated to recruit 500 subjects at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the type of coronavirus which causes COVID-19. The new clinical trial has been granted ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04421391 and is listed and registered on the Federal Clinical Trial registry.

The Company announced recently submission of a publication providing preclinical data which supports repositioning of its Cancer Immunotherapy StemVacs™ as a candidate for treatment of COVID-19. StemVacs™ is based on activating universal donor immune system cells called dendritic cells in a manner so that upon injection they reprogram the body’s “Natural Killer” cells.

Natural killer cells are the most potent cell type in the body in terms of killing viruses. Unfortunately, natural killer cells also produce chemicals called cytokines which at high concentrations can be lethal. The current data suggests that StemVacs™ can activate natural killer cells while at the same time suppressing lung inflammation. This dual mechanism of action makes StemVacs™ a promising candidate for treatment of coronavirus.

Schizophrenia/Suicide Clinical Programs

On October 29, 2020, the Company announced publication on the NIH clinical trials website of its newly initiated trial aiming to validate a blood-based diagnostic for predicting suicide risk and is listed as NCT04606875.

The Campbell Score™, which is a patent-pending method of quantifying inflammatory-associated biological markers, has previously been shown in pilot investigator-initiated studies to correlate with propensity for suicide. Based on positive feedback from collaborators, the Company decided to initiate a formal clinical trial to validate correlations between the Campbell Score™ and established psychiatric assessment tools of suicidal propensity. Currently the only means of quantifying predisposition to suicide is based on psychological, question-based techniques.

On December 31, 2020, the Company signed license agreements with Campbell Neurosciences Inc., a partially owned company, for access to the 9 patents filed related to the previous Campbell Neurosciences Division. The patents are:

On May 17, 2021, Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. licensed partially owned subsidiary Campbell Neurosciences, Inc. entered into an exclusive patent license agreement for 63/189630 Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder by Low Dose Interleukin-2.

Additionally, Campbell Neurosciences Inc. has entered into purchase agreements with Therapeutic Solutions International ensuring a continued supply, at a discounted rate, of nutraceuticals which are being explored for antiinflammation/suicide prevention activity.

Cellular Manufacturing and Cell Banking

On October 18, 2021, the Company announced the formation of Allogen Biologics Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of TSOI. Allogen Biologics will house intellectual property and Standard Operating Procedures related to generation of the Company’s existing and anticipated cellular therapeutics. In addition, Allogen will house and maintain all relevant cell banks.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

The Company’s business is subject to varying degrees of regulation by a number of government authorities in the United States, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The Company will be subject to additional agencies and regulations if it enters the manufacturing business. Various agencies of the state and localities in which we operate and in which our products are sold also regulate our business, such as the California Department of Health Services, Food and Drug Branch. The areas of our business that these and other authorities regulate include, among others:

The FDA, in particular, regulates the formulation, manufacturing, packaging, storage, labeling, promotion, distribution and sale of vitamins and other nutritional supplements in the United States, while the FTC regulates marketing and advertising claims. The FDA issued a final rule called “Statements Made for Dietary Supplements Concerning the Effect of the Product on the Structure or Function of the Body,” which includes regulations requiring companies, their suppliers and manufacturers to meet Good Manufacturing Practices in the preparation, packaging, storage and shipment of their products. Management is committed to meeting or exceeding the standards set by the FDA.

The FDA has also issued regulations governing the labeling and marketing of dietary and nutritional supplement products. They include:

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) revised the existing provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act concerning the composition and labeling of dietary supplements and defined dietary supplements to include vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids and other dietary substances used to supplement diets. DSHEA generally provides a regulatory framework to help ensure safe, quality dietary supplements and the dissemination of accurate information about such products. The FDA is generally prohibited from regulating active ingredients in dietary supplements as drugs unless product claims, such as claims that a product may heal, mitigate, cure or prevent an illness, disease or malady, trigger drug status.

The Company is also subject to a variety of other regulations in the United States, including those relating to taxes, labor and employment, import and export, and intellectual property.

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2021, we had three full-time employees and one part-time employee, all non-union. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.

COMPETITION

The bio-technology, bio-pharma, and nutraceutical industries are subject to rapid technological change. Competition from domestic and foreign companies, large pharmaceutical companies and other interested businesses is intense and expected to increase. A number of companies with significantly greater resources are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals, biologics, and nutraceuticals in our targeted areas.

As a smaller reporting company we are not required to provide a statement of risk factors. However, we believe this information may be valuable to our shareholders for this filing. We reserve the right to not provide risk factors in our future filings. Our primary risk factors and other considerations include:

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements concerning our future programs, expenses, revenue, liquidity and cash needs as well as our plans and strategies. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and we assume no obligation to update this information, except as required by applicable laws and regulations. Numerous factors could cause actual results to differ significantly from the results described in these forward-looking statements, including the following risk factors.

Internal Control

Our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting could cause our financial reporting to be unreliable and could lead to misinformation being disseminated to the public.

Our management concluded that as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, and that material weaknesses existed in the following areas as of December 31, 2021:

Based on our current plan, we believe we will need additional capital to support our operations.

Based on our current business plan, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2021 will not be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements during the twelve-month period subsequent to the issuance of the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our current commercialization of products and clinical trial strategy will undergo continual prioritization and in the future we may adjust our commercialization efforts to preserve our existing cash. We need to raise additional capital to fund our operations. We may raise additional capital through equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations and/or licensing arrangements. Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or curtail, our operations. To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our shareholders will experience dilution, and debt financing or other preferred equity instruments, if available, may involve restrictive covenants.

There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our recurring losses from operations raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, and as a result, our independent registered public accounting firm included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 with respect to this uncertainty. This going concern uncertainty, and any future going concern uncertainty, could materially limit our ability to raise additional capital. We have incurred significant losses since our inception, and it is possible we will never achieve future profitability. The Company is currently developing its new NanoStilbene product for commercialization. As a result, we continue to incur significant general and administrative expenses related to our operations. As a result, we have incurred substantial net losses to date. Our net losses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were $3 million and $2.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $14 million. Meaningful revenues will likely not be available until, and unless, the Company can successfully launch our current TSI product line. The perception that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may cause potential partners or investors to choose not to deal with us due to concerns about our ability to meet our contractual and financial obligations.

We may not be able to effectively manage our potential growth and the execution of our business plan.

Our potential growth and the execution of our business plan together are likely to place significant strain on our managerial, operational and financial resources. To effectively manage our potential growth and execute our business plan, we will need to, among other things:

There can be no assurance that we will be able to accomplish any or all of the above goals. If we prove unable to effectively execute our business plan or manage our growth, it is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, including liquidity and profitability, and our results of operations.

If our proposed product sales model does not successfully operate at a profit our growth strategy may be impeded.

To effectively expand and meet our growth objectives our products sales model must be executed upon in a profitable manner. Profitability is dependent upon a variety of factors, some beyond our control, including, but not limited to the amount of traffic we can consistently attract to our brand, to retail sales in “brick and mortar” retailers, to our website, and our ability to stock or otherwise make available products that our customers purchase, our ability to stock or otherwise make available the best new products as they enter the market, our ability to provide consistent and superior customer service, the general economic conditions, particularly in the U.S., that could impact the amount of money customers spend collectively on the products we sell, and/or that could reduce the amount of money our average customer spends, and/or could reduce the number or frequency of repeat orders for products, and/or could result in customers finding products in other venues if they can find those products for a lower price. Other factors that could impact our ability to execute on our business model in a profitable manner include, but are not limited to, competition in our markets, recruiting, training and retaining qualified personnel and management, maintenance of required local, state and federal governmental approvals and permits, costs associated with principal component products and supplies, delivery shortages or interruptions, consumer trends, our ability to finance operations externally, changes in supply or prices of the products we sell and disruptions or business failures among our product suppliers, distributors, warehouses or shippers. Any failure to operate in a profitable manner could hurt our ability to meet our growth objectives by attracting licensees, and our business, financial condition, including liquidity and profitability, and our results of operations would be negatively affected.

We face significant competition for our products.

The markets in which we operate are intensely competitive, continually evolving and, in some cases, subject to rapid change. Our competitors include:

Many of our competitors have greater financial, technical, product development, marketing and other resources than we do. These companies may be better known than we are and have more customers than we do. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against these companies or any alliances they have formed or may form. If we are unable to compete with one or more of our competitors, our growth strategy may be impeded, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, including liquidity and profitability, and our results of operations.

Government regulation could adversely affect our business.

Our products and their associated component ingredients are subject to existing and potential government regulation. Our failure, or the failure of our business partners or third party providers, to accurately anticipate the application of laws and regulations affecting our products and the manner in which we deliver them, or any failure to comply, could create liability for us, result in adverse publicity, or negatively affect our business. In addition, new laws and regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, may be adopted with respect to consumer protection and other issues, including pricing, products liability, copyrights and patents, distribution and characteristics and quality of products and services. We cannot predict whether these laws or regulations will change or how such changes will affect our business. Any of this government regulation could impact our growth strategy, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, including liquidity and profitability, and our results of operations.

Third parties may claim that we are infringing their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant litigation or licensing expense or be prevented from providing certain services, and which may otherwise harm our business.

We could be subject to claims that we are misappropriating or infringing intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary rights of others. These claims, even if not meritorious, could be expensive to defend and divert management’s attention from our operations. If we become liable to third parties for infringing these rights, we could be required to pay substantial damage awards and to develop non-infringing products, obtain a license or cease selling the products that use or contain the infringing intellectual property. We may be unable to develop non-infringing products or obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any claims against our company for infringement could impede our growth strategy, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, including liquidity and profitability, and our results of operations.

We may be subject to claims brought against us as a result of product associated content we provide.

Consumers are reasonably expected to access health-related information regarding our products through our on-line web site. If our content, or content we obtain from third parties, contains inaccuracies, it is possible that consumers or others may sue us for various causes of action. Although our planned web site contains terms and conditions, including disclaimers of liability, that are intended to reduce or eliminate our liability, the law governing the validity and enforceability of on-line agreements with consumers that provide the terms and conditions for use of our public or private portals are unenforceable. A finding by a court that these agreements are invalid and that we are subject to liability could harm our business and require costly changes to our business. We have planned editorial procedures in place to provide quality control of the information that we publish or provide. However, we cannot assure you that our editorial and other quality control procedures will be sufficient to ensure that there are no errors or omissions in particular content. Even if potential claims do not result in liability to us, the fact that we would need to investigate and defend against these claims could be expensive and time consuming and could divert management’s attention away from our operations. In addition, our business is in part based on establishing a reputation amongst consumers that our portals as trustworthy and dependable sources of healthcare information. Allegations of impropriety or inaccuracy, even if unfounded, could therefore harm our reputation and business, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition, including liquidity and profitability, and our results of operations.

Changes in commodity and other operating costs or supply chain and business disruptions could adversely affect our results of operations.

Changes in product costs are a part of our business; any increase in the prices that suppliers charge for their products could adversely affect our operating results. We remain susceptible to increases in prices as a result of factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, seasonal fluctuations, weather conditions, demand, safety concerns, product recalls, labor disputes and government regulations. We rely on third-party distribution companies to deliver ingredients to our manufacturers and ultimately our products to customers. Interruption of distribution services due to financial distress or other issues could adversely affect our operations.

We face substantial competition in attracting and retaining qualified senior management and key personnel and may be unable to develop and grow our business if we cannot attract and retain such senior management and key personnel.

As an early stage company, our ability to develop and grow our business, to a large extent, depends upon our ability to attract, hire and retain highly qualified and knowledgeable senior management and key personnel who possess the skills and experience necessary to satisfy our business needs. Our ability to attract and retain such senior management and key personnel will depend on numerous factors, including our ability to offer salaries, benefits and professional growth opportunities that are comparable with and competitive to those offered by more established companies operating in our marketplace. We may be required to invest significant time and resources in attracting and retaining additional senior management and key personnel as needed. Moreover, many of the companies with which we will compete for any such individuals have greater financial and other resources, affording them the ability to undertake more extensive and aggressive hiring campaigns, than we can. The normal running of our operations may be interrupted, and our financial condition and results of operations negatively affected, as a result of any inability on our part to attract or retain the services of qualified and experienced senior management and key personnel, or should our prospective key personnel refuse to serve, or, once appointed, leave prior to a suitable replacement being found.

COVID-19

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” and on March 10, 2020, declared it to be a pandemic. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, quarantines in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. COVID-19, and actions taken to mitigate it, have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates. While it is unknown how long these conditions will last and what the complete financial effect will be to the Company, COVID-19 has had an adverse effect on our business, including our supply chains and distribution systems. While we are taking diligent steps to mitigate disruptions to our supply chain, we are unable to predict the extent or nature of these impacts, at this time, to our future financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Associated With Our Restricted Securities

Because there is currently a limited public trading market for our common stock, investor may not be able to resell stock.

Our stock is now traded in OTC Markets under the stock symbol TSOI, which results in a very illiquid and limited market for our common stock.

There is currently no liquid trading market for our common stock and we cannot ensure that one will ever develop or be sustained.

The trading market for our common stock is currently not liquid. We cannot predict how liquid the market for our common stock might become. Our common stock is quoted in OTC Markets under the symbol TSOI.

Our common stock may be deemed a “penny stock”, which would make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares.

Our common stock is subject to the “penny stock” rules adopted under the Exchange Act. The penny stock rules apply to companies whose common stock is not listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market or other national securities exchange and trades at less than $4.00 per share, other than companies that have had average revenue of at least $6,000,000 for the last three years or that have tangible net worth of at least $5,000,000 ($2,000,000 if the company has been operating for three or more years). These rules require, among other things, that brokers who trade penny stock to persons other than “established customers” complete certain documentation, make suitability inquiries of investors and provide investors with certain information concerning trading in the security, including a risk disclosure document and quote information under certain circumstances. Many brokers have decided not to trade penny stocks because of the requirements of the penny stock rules and, as a result, the number of broker-dealers willing to act as market makers in such securities is limited. If we remain subject to the penny stock rules for any significant period, it could have an adverse effect on the market, if any, for our securities and investors may find it more difficult to dispose of our securities.

Offers or availability for sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

If our stockholders have the right to sell substantial amounts of common stock in the public market, e.g. upon the expiration of any statutory holding period under Rule 144, it could create a circumstance commonly referred to as an “overhang” and in anticipation of which the market price of our common stock could fall. The existence of an overhang, whether or not sales have occurred or are occurring, also could make our ability to raise additional financing through the sale of equity or equity-related securities in the future, at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate, more difficult.

The elimination of monetary liability against our directors and officers under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Nevada law, and the existence of indemnification rights to our directors, officers and employees, may result in substantial expenditures by the Company.

Article 6 of our Articles of Incorporation exculpates our directors and officers from certain monetary liabilities. Article 7 of our Articles of Incorporation provides that we shall indemnify all directors (and all persons serving at our request as a director or officer of another corporation) to the fullest extent permitted by Nevada law.

Further pursuant to Article 7, the expenses of the indemnified person incurred in defending a civil suit or proceeding must be paid by us as incurred and in advance of the final disposition of the action, suit, or proceeding under receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnified person to repay the amount if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified by us.

The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in us incurring substantial expenditures, which we may be unable to recoup. These provisions and resultant costs may also discourage us from bringing a lawsuit against directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties even though such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders.

Public company compliance may make it more difficult to attract and retain officers and directors.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules implemented by the SEC have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. As a public entity, these rules and regulations increase compliance costs and make certain activities more time consuming and costly. As a public entity, these rules and regulations also make it more difficult and expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve as directors or as executive officers.

We do not plan to pay any cash or stock dividends in the foreseeable future.

The payment of dividends upon our capital stock is solely within the discretion of our future board of directors and is dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in our future financing instruments and any other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. We have never declared or paid any cash or stock dividends on our capital stock and we currently anticipate that we will retain earnings, if any, to finance the development and expansion of our business and, as such, do not intend on paying any cash or stock dividends in the foreseeable future.

As a Smaller Reporting Company, we are not required to furnish information under this Item 1B.

On December 17, 2020, Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. Board of Directors made a decision to move our corporate headquarters to Elk City, Idaho 83525 and has purchased real property at 701 Wild Rose Lane and 50 Bullock Lane, Elk City Idaho 83525. The Company continues to maintain a satellite office at the current address of 4093 Oceanside Blvd., Suite B, Oceanside CA, 92056.

From time to time, claims are made against us in the ordinary course of business, which could result in litigation. Claims and associated litigation are subject to inherent uncertainties and unfavorable outcomes could occur, such as monetary damages, fines, penalties or injunctions prohibiting us from selling one or more products or engaging in other activities. The occurrence of an unfavorable outcome in any specific period could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for that period or future periods.

However, as of the date of this report, management believes the outcome of currently identified potential claims and lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

No disclosure required.

PART II

Our stock is now traded in OTC Markets under the stock symbol TSOI, which results in a very illiquid and limited market for our common stock. As of the date of Annual Report on Form 10-K there are approximately 202 stockholders of record of our common stock.

The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low closing sales prices for our common stock from January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2021.

Dividends

We did not declare or pay dividends during 2020 to 2021.

Issuances of Unregistered Securities

In 2020, we issued 192,375,737 shares of common stock for an investment in the Company’s Private Placement of $607,500.

In 2020, we issued 173,500,000 shares of common stock, valued at $669,750 for consulting services.

In 2020, we issued 78,681,818 shares of common stock, valued at $495,900 for salaries.

In 2020, we issued 174,556,025 shares of common stock for the conversion of convertible notes of $703,152.

In 2021, we issued 4,850,075 shares of common stock for an investment in the Company’s Private Placement of $285,500.

In 2021, we issued 21,000,000 shares of common stock, valued at $858,900 for consulting services.

In 2021, we issued 8,341,723 shares of common stock, valued at $239,799 for salaries.

In 2021, we issued 1,500,000 shares of common stock, valued at $58,900 for land development.

In 2021, we issued 21,690,671 shares of common stock for the conversion of convertible notes of $1,019,014.

Not required for a “smaller reporting company”.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Overview

Currently the Company is focused on immune modulation for the treatment of several specific diseases. Immune modulation refers to the ability to upregulate (make more active) or downregulate (make less active) one’s immune system.

Activating one’s immune system is now an accepted method to treat certain cancers, reduce recovery time from viral or bacterial infections and to prevent illness. Additionally, inhibiting one’s immune system is vital for reducing inflammation, autoimmune disorders and allergic reactions.

TSOI is developing a range of immune-modulatory agents to target certain cancers, schizophrenia, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, and for daily health.

Cellular Division – TSOI obtained exclusive rights to a patented adult stem cell for development of therapeutics in the area of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Lung Pathology (LP).

The stem cell licensed, termed “JadiCell” is unique in that it possesses features of mesenchymal stem cells, however, outperforms these cells in terms of a) enhanced growth factor production; b) augmented ability to secrete exosomes; and c) superior angiogenic and neurogenic ability.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repetitive concussive/sub-concussive hits to the head sustained over a period of years and is often found in football players. The condition is characterized by memory loss, impulsive/erratic behavior, impaired judgment, aggression, depression, and dementia. In many patients with CTE, it is anatomically characterized by brain atrophy, reduced mass of frontal and temporal cortices, and medial temporal lobe. TSOI has previously filed several patents in the area of CTE based on modulating the brain microenvironment to enhance receptivity of regenerative cells such as stem cells. On March 4, 2021 the Company received an IND Serial # 27377 for a clinical trial of 10 patients with CTE.

On August 4th, 2021, the Company announced clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate a Phase III pivotal trial for registration of the Company’s JadiCell™ universal donor stem cell as a treatment for COVID-19 associated lung failure under IND # 19757. In previous studies the Company has demonstrated the superior activity of JadiCell™ to other types of stem cells including bone marrow, adipose, cord blood, and placenta. Furthermore, the JadiCell™ was shown to be 100% effective in saving the lives of COVID-19 patients under the age of 85 in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial with patients in the ICU on a ventilator. In patients over the age of 85 the survival rate was 91%.

In addition, the Company has filed data with the FDA, as part of IND #17448, which demonstrated that treatment of cancer patients with StemVacs™ resulted in enhanced activity of a type of immunological cell called “natural killer” cells, otherwise known as “NK cells.”

The Company has also developed an allogenic version of StemVacs and has filed patents to cover activating universal donor immune system cells called dendritic cells in a manner so that upon injection they reprogram the body’s NK cells.

Most recently the Company announced filing of a patent for a new hybrid cell created by the Company capable of training the immune system to kill blood vessels feeding cancer, but sparing healthy blood vessels. These discoveries are an extension of previous findings from the Company showing that StemVacs is capable of suppressing new blood vessel production.

Results of Operations

We had a net loss of approximately $3 million in 2021 compared to a net loss of approximately $2.1 million in 2020.

Net sales increased $83,175 from $62,681 to $145,956, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This increase was mainly due to an increase in sales of the Company’s nutraceutical line of products.

Cost of goods sold increased $29,752, from $12,792 to $42,544, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This increase was mainly due to higher net sales of the Company’s new nutraceutical line of products in 2021 vs 2020.

Operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were approximately $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively, an increase of $600,000. This increase was mainly due a combination of increased general and administrative expenses, an increase in consulting fees, an increase in legal and accounting fees, and an increase in research and development.

General and administrative expenses increased approximately $50,000, from $88,000 to $139,000, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This increase was mainly due to an icrease in marketing and insurance during the year.

Salaries, wages and related expenses decreased approximately $413,000, from $850,000 to $437,000, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in salaries.

Consulting fees increased approximately $145,000 from $119,000 to $265,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, due to an increase in overall consulting services during 2021.

Legal and professional fees increased approximately $493,000, from $280,000 to $773,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, due to a increase in overall patent and general counsel services.

Research and development costs increased approximately $233,000 from $562,000 to $795,000, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This increase was mainly due to research and development expenses related to the Company’s nutraceutical line of products.

Total loss from derivatives liabilities increased approximately $291,000 from $248,000 to $539,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This decrease was due to a derivative liability expense from certain convertible notes in 2021 compared to 2020.

Net interest expense increased approximately $310,000 from $302,000 to $612,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This increase was mainly due to decreased debt balances.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have experienced recurring losses over the past years which have resulted in accumulated deficits of approximately $14 million and a working capital deficit of approximately $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. These conditions raise significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is contingent upon its ability to secure additional financing, increase sales of its products and attain profitable operations. It is the intent of management to continue to raise additional capital. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such additional funds or obtain such on terms satisfactory to the Company, if at all.

There is no guarantee we will receive the required financing to complete our business strategies, and it is uncertain whether future financing will be available to us on acceptable terms. If financing is not available on satisfactory terms, we may be unable to continue, develop or expand our operations.

As of December 31, 2021 we had approximately $94,000 in cash and cash equivalents, representing a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of approximately $158,000 from December 31, 2020. Sources of cash were predominantly from the sale of equity and debt. We anticipate that our current sources of liquidity, including cash and cash equivalents, together with our current projections of cash flow from operating activities, will provide us with liquidity into the end of 2022.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by our cash outflows to support the growth of our business in areas such as R&D and G&A expenses. Our operating cash flows are also affected by our working capital needs to support personnel related expenditures, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, cash used in operating activities was $718,922, which was primarily the result of our net loss incurred of $2,961,445, partially offset by increases in the various accounts payable and accrued liability accounts totaling $283,117 and non-cash expenses including stock-based compensation of $858,900, change in value on derivative liabilities of $44,505, and amortization of debt discount of $541,612.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, cash used in operating activities was $663,079, which was primarily the result of our net loss incurred of $2,199,901, partially offset by increases in the various accounts payable and accrued liability accounts totaling $102,648 and non-cash expenses including stock-based compensation of $1,165,050, loss on derivative liabilities of $539,006, change in fair value of derivative liabilities of a gain of $494,501, and amortization of debt discount of $251,801.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used by investing activities was $256,550, compared to $5,448 during the year ended December 31, 2020. The increase of approximately $251,000 in net cash used by investing activities is mainly attributable to an increase of $255,000 in investment in land and equipment. Other cash flows used by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2020 included payments on equipment totaling $5,000.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $817,382, compared to $894,279 during the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease of approximately $77,000 in net cash provided by financing activities is mainly attributable to a decrease of $302,000 in cash received from the sale of common stock. Other cash flows provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2021 included proceeds from convertible notes payable to related and third parties totaling $539,000 offset by payments on notes payable to related parties and third parties of $6,900.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.

We currently do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Not required for a “smaller reporting company”.

Our financial statements and the accompanying notes that are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed and set forth beginning on page F-1 immediately following the signature page of this Form 10-K.

None.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed , summarized and reported , within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

At the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision of and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operations of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation the CEO has concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a- 15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by a company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. In making our assessment, we used the framework and criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) (2013) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on that assessment, our management has identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

Our management concluded that as of December 31, 2021 our internal control over financial reporting was not effective, and that material weaknesses existed in the following areas as of December 31, 2021:

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

No substantial changes in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except that we have increased our use of external accounting services, adopted policies to improve timely reviews by management and coordination with accounting consultants, and engaged corporate and securities legal counsel with better capabilities than our previous provider’s.

None

PART III

The Company’s executive officers and directors and their respective ages as of December 31, 2021 are as follows:

Directors:

Executive Officers:

The term of office for each director is one year, or until the next annual meeting of the stockholders.

Biographical Information

Timothy G. Dixon

Mr. Dixon currently serves as Chief Executive Officer, President, and Chairman of Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. Mr. Dixon previously served as the President of TMD Courses, Inc. from 2006 to 2012 and; as the President of Splint Decisions Inc. from 2010 to 2011. Mr. Dixon has attended hundreds of hours of continuing medical/dental education throughout the years and has produced many educational DVD’s used by dental professionals worldwide on the subject of parafunctional control, migraine prevention, therapeutic Botox injections, migraine pathophysiology, dental sleep medicine, and other therapeutic protocols. Mr. Dixon also has extensive experience in dealing with corporate compliance matters with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, (FDA) as well as many international regulatory bodies. Mr. Dixon is inventor or co-inventor on 59 Patents and Patent Applications.

Thomas E. Ichim, Ph.D.

Dr. Ichim was appointed to the Board of Directors on January 22, 2016. Dr. Ichim also serves as Chief Executive Officer of Emvolio, Inc. Dr. Ichim is a seasoned biotechnology entrepreneur with a track record of scientific excellence. He has founded/co-founded several companies including Batu Biologics, Inc., Medvax Pharma Corp, ToleroTech, Inc, bioRASI, and OncoMune LLC. To date he has published 125 peer-reviewed articles and is co-editor of the textbooks “RNA Interference: From Bench to Clinical Translation” and “Immuno-Oncology Text Book.”

Dr. Ichim is an ad-hoc editor and sits on several editorial boards. Dr. Ichim is inventor on over 150 patents and patent applications. Dr. Ichim has extensive experience with stem cell therapy and cellular product development through FDA regulatory pathways. Dr. Ichim spent over 7 years as the President and Chief Scientific Officer of Medistem, developing and commercializing a novel stem cell, the Endometrial Regenerative Cell, through drug discovery, optimization, preclinical testing, IND filing, and up through Phase II clinical trials with the FDA. Dr. Ichim has extensive experience in product development, regulatory filings, and business development.

Dr. Ichim has a BSc in Biology from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, a MSc in Microbiology and Immunology a University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada and a Ph.D. in Immunology from the University of Sciences Arts and Technology, Olveston Monserrat.

James Veltmeyer, M.D., – Chief Medical Officer

Dr. Veltmeyer is a board-certified family physician in La Mesa, California. A graduate of UC San Diego and the Ross University School of Medicine, he completed his residency through the UC San Francisco system where he became Chief of Family Medicine Residency, overseeing 36 doctors.

Dr. Veltmeyer, a member of the San Diego Critical Care Medical Group, has been elected for four years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017) by his colleagues in the San Diego County Medical Society as a “Physician of Exceptional Excellence,” the most prestigious honor awarded to a “Top Doctor” in San Diego County. He is among a select group of San Diego physicians who was chosen four of the last fifteen years and he consistently ranks in the top 1% to 2% for patient satisfaction. He is currently the Chief of the Department of Family Medicine at Sharp Grossmont Hospital where he provides senior leadership to over 200 doctors.

Feng Lin, MD, Ph.D., – Chief Scientific Officer

Dr. Lin has a stellar track record of drug development in the area of immunology and immuno-oncology having worked with the public company Inovio Pharmaceuticals, where he developed technologies for gene delivery and therapeutic DNA vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases in both R&D and clinical settings. Subsequently, Dr. Lin served as Director of Chinese Operations for MediStem Inc, which was acquired by Intrexon in May 2014. It was the rapid clinical translation model developed by Dr. Lin at MediStem that resulted in the company’s accelerated FDA clearance to begin clinical trials, which resulted in the sale of the company.

Dr. Lin received his postdoctoral training at the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute and his MD and Ph.D. at the Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, China. He has authored over 20 peer-reviewed scientific publications, including several in top journals such as Science, Cell, and Cancer Cell. He holds several patents.

Famela Ramos – Vice President Business Development

Famela Ramos is a Nurse, a Researcher, and a Politician. Famela was running for Congress in the 53nd Congressional District. Ms. Ramos came to the United States from the Philippines at the age of two, when her father joined the United States Navy. Her parents worked tirelessly to support the family of 5 children, all of which became successful entrepreneurs and Government Employees. As a nurse, Famela has experience from the beginning of life, having practiced in pediatric nursing, to the end of life, having worked as a hospice nurse. Her excellence in nursing and research is attested by 7 peer reviewed publications that she collaborated with Academy and Industry in advancing cutting edge research in immunology and regenerative medicine.

The first paper, was a collaboration with the Moores Cancer Center and several biotechnology companies, describing the state of the art in cancer immunotherapy, and proposing future directions. The second paper discussed the possibility of stimulating regeneration of injured lung stem cells using specific types of laser and light based interventions, this was a collaboration between the University of Utah and the University of California, San Diego. The third paper, a collaboration between a nutraceutical company and Indiana University, demonstrated the beneficial effects of a nutritional supplement on circulating stem cells in healthy volunteers. The fourth publication was the first successful use of two different types of stem cells in a patient with heart failure, which resulted in a profound improvement. The fifth publication is a report of 114 patients that were treated with umbilical cord blood stem cells and demonstrated safety and signals of efficacy in collaboration with a Chinese Biotech company. The sixth publication was successful treatment of a spinal cord injury patient with stem cells. The seventh publication was the basis for an investigational new drug (IND) application to the FDA, describing use of fat stem cells to treat aplastic anemia.

Ms. Ramos has established the Right to Try Foundation, which assists companies in utilizing this new law that allows for accelerated patient access to experimental medication. Through this Foundation Ms Ramos facilitated the first utilization of a cancer vaccine in the United States, and has been assisting both public and private companies. Most recently the Foundation has collaborated on filing new patents for means of implementing the Right to Try Law. Ms. Ramos is a board member of Silent Voices, a Pregnancy Resource Center that provides counselling to woman in emergency pregnancies, alternatives to abortion, and for woman that do choose abortion, post abortion support. Ms. Ramos has been endorsed by business and community leaders as well as nationally known athletes including Dr. Peter Farrell, founder of Resmed, a $18 billion company, and Wes Chandler, an NFL Hall of Fame San Diego Charger.

Information with Respect to Our Board of Directors

The following is a brief description of the structure and certain functions of our Board of Directors. Each of the current directors is serving until his respective successor is duly elected, subject to earlier resignation. We do not have standing audit, compensation or nominating committees of our Board of Directors. However, the full Board of Directors performs all of the functions of a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating committee.

Audit Committee Related Function

We do not have a separately designated standing audit committee in place. Our full Board of Directors currently serves in that capacity. This is due to the small number of members of our Board of Directors, the small number of executive officers involved with our company, and the fact that we operate with few employees. Our Board of Directors will continue to evaluate, from time to time, whether a separately designated standing audit committee should be put in place. We do not have an audit committee charter.

The Board of Directors reviews with management and the Company’s independent public accountants the Company’s financial statements, the accounting principles applied in their preparation, the scope of the audit, any comments made by the independent accountants upon the financial condition of the Company and its accounting controls and procedures and such other matters as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. Because our common stock is traded on the OTC Markets Pink Sheet, we are not subject to the listing requirements of any securities exchange regarding audit committee related matters.

The Board of Directors consisted of two directors: Mr. Dixon and Dr. Ichim. Because we do not have an audit committee at all, we disclose that we do not have any “audit committee financial expert” serving on an audit committee.

Compensation Committee Related Function

We do not currently have a standing compensation committee, and do not have a compensation committee charter. The full Board of Directors currently has the responsibility of reviewing and establishing compensation for executive officers and making policy decisions concerning salaries and incentive compensation for executive officers of the Company.

The Company’s executive compensation program is administered by the Board of Directors, which determines the compensation of the Chief/Executive Officer/President and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. In reviewing the compensation of the individual executive officers, the Board of Directors considers the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer, other market information and current market conditions, as well as any existing employment agreements with them.

Nominating Committee Related Function

We do not currently have a standing nominating committee. We have not adopted procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to serve on our board of directors.

SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD

The following are members of the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board as of December 31, 2021:

Santosh Kesari, MD, Ph.D.

Dr. Santosh Kesari is a board-certified neurologist and neuro-oncologist and is currently Chair, Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute.

He is also Director of Neuro-Oncology, Providence Saint John’s Health Center and Member, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute. Dr. Kesari is ranked among the top 1% of neuro-oncologists and neurologists in the nation, according to Castle Connolly Medical Ltd and an internationally recognized scientist and clinician. He is a winner of an Innovation Award by the San Diego Business Journal. He is on the advisory board of American Brain Tumor Association, San Diego Brain Tumor Foundation, Chris Elliott Fund, Nicolas Conor Institute, Voices Against Brain Cancer, and Philippine Brain Tumor Alliance. He has been the author of over 250 scientific publications, reviews, or books. He is the inventor on several patents and patent applications, and founder and advisor to many cancer and neurosciences focused biotech startups.

Dr. Kesari has had a long-standing interest in cancer stem cells and studies their role in the formation of brain tumors and resistance to treatment. He believes that in order to cure patients with brain tumors we first need to gain a better molecular and biological understanding of the disease. A physician/scientist, Kesari harnesses his experience in surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and novel devices to help develop Precision Therapeutic Strategies that will advance medicine to a new stage in the battle against brain tumors and eradicate the disease.

Francesco Marincola, MD

Dr. Francesco Marincola joined Kite in 2021 as Global Head of Cell Therapy Research. Before joining Kite, Francesco was President and Chief Scientific Officer at Refuge Biotechnologies where responsible for the development and implementation of research and clinical development strategies for adoptive cell therapy products and lead therapeutic programs based on nuclease deactivated CRISPR circuits. He is also a National Institutes of Health (NIH) tenured senior investigator in cancer immunotherapy and biomarker research, and spent 23 years at the NIH, including 15 years as the Chief of the Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section at the NIH Clinical Center. Previously, he also served as a distinguished research fellow in immune oncology discovery at AbbVie and as Chief Research Officer at Sidra Research in Doha, Qatar.

The former President of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC; 2013-2014), Francesco currently serves as Editor-in-Chief for several prominent peer-reviewed publications, including Journal of Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine Communications and Immunotherapy, and is the author of more than 600 peer-reviewed publications. He has edited several books including the SITC-affiliated Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice Textbook.

The former President of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC; 2013-2014), Francesco currently serves as Editor-in-Chief for several prominent peer-reviewed publications, including Journal of Translational Medicine, Translational Medicine Communications and Immunotherapy, and is the author of more than 600 peer-reviewed publications. He has edited several books including the SITC-affiliated Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice Textbook.

Boris Reznik, PhD

Boris Reznik is the Chairman of Venvalo Group, a venture value optimization firm. During his career, Dr. Reznik founded and built technology companies into market leaders and successfully dealt with both Fortune 500 and emerging companies as clients and partners. He has been a lead or co-investor in startups and mid-market firms and has participated in M&A transactions ranging from Millions to Billions. Dr. Reznik has a depth of experience in processes and systems and a unique perspective in the drug and device development world. As the Chairman of BioRASI, a global CRO, he led development of novel therapeutics, from filing INDs to getting approved NDAs, for companies ranging from startups to Big Pharma.

Boris Minev, MD

Dr. Boris Minev is a highly accomplished physician-scientist with extensive industrial and academic experience in Immuno-Oncology, oncolytic viruses and stem cell biology and applications. He has a significant track record in tumor immunology and cancer vaccine development, having worked closely on the development of the first cancer vaccine to be approved by a regulatory body (Melacine).

Dr. Minev has also extensive expertise in immunotherapy clinical trial designs, logistics, and regulatory issues. He has a considerable supervision & management experience in industrial and academic settings and has excellent skills in biotech business development, communication, and collaboration.

Previously he held a position as the Director of Immunotherapy and Translational Oncology at Genelux Corporation, where he was directing several preclinical and translational projects on oncolytic virotherapy, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology.

Dr. Minev is also an adjunct professor at the Moores UCSD Cancer Center. There, he served previously as Principal Investigator and Director, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy where, for more than 15 years, his research has been focused on the discovery of new target antigens for immunotherapy of cancer and the development of optimized cancer vaccines. Prior to that, Dr. Minev worked in Dr. Steven Rosenberg’s Tumor Immunology Section at the Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute.

Dr. Minev is an Advisory Board Member of the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM). He is a member of the Scientific and Clinical Advisory Boards of several biotechnology companies and has been an advisor for Amgen, Johnson & Johnson, Geron Corporation, McKinsey Consulting and Thomson Current Drugs, among others. He is the recipient of the European Association of Cancer Research Fellowship and the Fogarty International Fellowship.

Pablo Guzman, MD

Dr. Pablo Guzman is a cardiologist in Fort Lauderdale, Florida where he is on staff at Holy Cross Hospital. He received his medical degree from University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine and his Cardiology Fellowship at The Johns Hopkins Hospital where he then spent the first part of his career continuing his basic science and clinical research along with his clinical duties. His CV includes over 25 papers published in peer-reviewed journals and more than 15 abstracts.

He is a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology and practiced for more than 30 years. Dr. Guzman is well experienced in basic and clinical research, having participated in many clinical trials. He is also the acting Chief Medical Officer of Variant Pharmaceuticals, a Specialty Pharma company developing treatments for kidney diseases.

Juergen Winkler, MD

Dr. Juergen Winkler is presently practicing at Quantum Functional Medicine in Carlsbad, CA, which he founded in July of 2012. In 2005 he was the co-founder of Genesis Health Systems (Integrative Cancer and Medical Treatment Center) located in Oceanside, CA. He has been a featured speaker for: the NSCC Women’s Health Seminar, Annual IPT/IPTLD Integrative Cancer Care Conference (Multiple years), Health Freedom Expo 2011 & 2012, the Japanese Society of Oxidative Medicine in Osaka Japan, ACOSPM 2010 & 2011 conferences, NSCC Health and Wellness Series 2013, and various other events. He is the physician author of Chapter 5 in the Defeat Cancer book and has been a featured physician in the Townsend Letter.

Nassir Azzimi, MD

Dr. Nassir Azimi is a cardiologist in La Mesa, California and attended Dartmouth Medical School and completed his residency at the University of Colorado. He finished his four year fellowship in Cardiovascular and Peripheral Interventions at Yale University in New Haven. Dr. Azimi has been in private practice for over 13 years establishing a thriving clinical practice for cardiac patients as well as treating patients for peripheral vascular disease. He is active in Interventional Cardiology and Peripheral Interventions. Dr. Azimi is the director of La Mesa Cardiac Center’s Nuclear Cardiology Laboratory. He is also an investigator in multiple clinical research studies for various cardiac and peripheral diseases.

He has been recognized as San Diego’s Top Interventional Cardiologists by San Diego Magazine 2013,2014,2016, 2017 and also by Castle Connoly for 2013, 2014, 2015,2016, 2017, and 2018. He is a former chief of biomedical ethics (6 years), former chief of Medicine and former chief of Endovascular Medicine as well as Vice Chief of Cardiology at SGH. He is on the board of directors of the California ACC where he serves as chair of the public relations committee. He is on Editorial Review Board for multiple medical journals. He is a national speaker on various topics in cardiology and internal medicine.

James Veltmeyer, MD

Dr. James Veltmeyer is a board-certified family physician in La Mesa, California. A graduate of UC San Diego and the Ross University School of Medicine, he completed his residency through the UC San Francisco system where he became Chief of Family Medicine Residency, overseeing 36 doctors.

Dr. Veltmeyer, a member of the San Diego Critical Care Medical Group, has been elected for four years (2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017) by his colleagues in the San Diego County Medical Society as a “Physician of Exceptional Excellence,” the most prestigious honor awarded to a “Top Doctor” in San Diego County. He is among a select group of San Diego physicians who was chosen four of the last fifteen years and he consistently ranks in the top 1% to 2% for patient satisfaction. He is currently the Chief of the Department of Family Medicine at Sharp Grossmont Hospital where he provides senior leadership to over 200 doctors.

Barry Glassman, DMD

Dr. Barry Glassman, DMD, DAAPM, DAACP, FICCMO, Diplomate ABDSM, FADI, is a Diplomate of the American Academy of Craniofacial Pain and the American Academy of Pain Management, as well as a Fellow of the International College of Craniomandibular Orthopedics and the Academy of Dentistry International, he is also on staff at the Lehigh Valley Hospital where he serves as a resident instructor of Craniofacial Pain and Dysfunction and Dental Sleep Medicine.

Dr. Glassman is a Diplomate of the Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine. He is on the staff at the Sacred Heart Hospital Sleep Disorder Center, as well as serving as the Chief Dental Consultant to three other sleep centers in the Lehigh Valley. A popular and dynamic speaker, Dr. Glassman lectures internationally, as well as throughout the United States. In addition to his extensive schedule which includes guest lecture appearances and in-depth courses on joint dysfunction, chronic pain, headache, sleep disorders, and migraine headache, Dr. Glassman is a frequent speaker at major chronic pain and joint dysfunction professional conferences.

University of Pittsburgh: Bachelor of Science 1969, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine; D.M.D. 1973, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Post Graduate Hours in Craniomandibular Dysfunction and Sleep Disorders: Over 2500.

J. Christopher Mizer

J. Christopher Mizer founded Vivaris in June of 1998. Vivaris (formerly Lake Erie Capital) invests in and acquires middle-market businesses in a broad range of industries that are leaders in their market niches. Mr. Mizer serves as the chairman of each of the portfolio companies and guides key strategic decisions and their execution. He also serves as the operating president on an interim basis when companies are going through periods of ownership succession and new management team members are being assembled.

Mr. Mizer is a former Vice President and Officer of the investment banking division of Key Capital Markets, where he focused on merger, acquisition, and financing projects for Fortune 500 clients, private companies, and successful entrepreneurs. Prior to joining Key Corp., he was Consultant in the Capital Markets practice with Ernst & Young.

He began his career as a Research Assistant with The Center for Economic Issues, a think-tank focused on economic development. He earned the B.S. (biology, applied math), B.A. (economics), M.S. degrees (biology – neurogenetics), and MBA (finance, accounting) degrees from Case Western Reserve University.

Christopher has taught business strategy, finance and entrepreneurship at the graduate level at Case Western Reserve University, John Carroll University, and the University of California, San Diego and at the undergraduate at San Diego State University.

Howard Leonhardt

Howard Leonhardt is an inventor and serial entrepreneur. He has 21 U.S. patents with over 100 patent claims for products for treating cardiovascular disease and has over 40 new patent claims pending. His TALENT (Taheri-Leonhardt) stent graft developed in the early 1990′s holds a leading world market share for repairing aortic aneurysms without surgery.

His inventions have treated over 500,000 patients in 60 countries. In early 1999 Leonhardt founded Bioheart, Inc. www.bioheartinc.com a leader in applying adult muscle stem cells to treat heart failure.. Leonhardt holds a Diploma in International Trade from Anoka Technical College. He attended the University of Minnesota,Anoka Ramsey College and UCLA Extension. He holds an honorary Doctorate in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Northern California and is an honorary alumnus of the University of Florida and Florida International University. He is co-leader of Startup California and Founder and Chairman of The California Stock Exchange TM (Cal-X) preparing to be the first social good impact stock exchange currently operating the Cal-X 30 Social Good Impact fund powered by Motif Investing- www.calstockexchange.com – He founded Cal-X Crowdfund Connect www.calxcrowdfund.com a crowdfunding campaign management co. and Cal-X Stars Business Accelerator, Inc.www.calxstars.com a business incubator and accelerator focused on cardiovascular life sciences and social good impact innovations.

There are 30 regenerative medtech and regenerative economy startups in the current portfolio class. His Leonhardt Ventures angels network has raised and put to work over $145 million in 32 companies to date, most of them founded by Leonhardt. BioLeonhardt www.bioleonhardt.com is developing the first implantable programmable and re-fillable stem cell pump. He leads CerebraCell for brain regeneration. EyeCell for eye regeneration and AortaCell for aorta regeneration and number of other organ regeneration spin offs from his patented core technologies. . Leonhardt serves as state spokesperson in California for the JOBS ACT and Crowdfunding for Startup California and has given over 40 speeches on the subject. He has operated Leonhardt’s Launchpads NorCal at the University of Northern California Science & Technology Innovation Center in Rohnert Park, CA since 2008 and recently opened Leonhardt’s Launchpads Utah in Salt Lake City just off the campus of the University of Utah. He has served on the Board of Directors of the University of Northern California, a private biomedical engineering school, since 1999.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and other of our equity securities. Officers, directors and greater than 10% stockholders are required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were complied with.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics for our principal executive and financial officers. Our Code of Ethics was filed as an Exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2010. We hereby undertake to provide a copy of this Code of Ethics to any person, without charge, upon request. Requests for a copy of this Code of Ethics may be made in writing addressed to: Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc., 4093 Oceanside Blvd, Suite B, Oceanside, California 92056, Attn: Corporate Secretary.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table summarizes the compensation paid, with respect to years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 for services rendered to us in all capacities, to each person who served as an executive officer of the Company.

Outstanding Equity Awards

None

Employment Agreements

We do not have any employment agreements as of December 31, 2021.

Director Compensation

When our employees serve on our Board of Directors, we do not give them any additional compensation in respect of such Board service. Directors currently serve without compensation.

The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2021, information regarding the ownership of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock by (i) each person known to management to own, beneficially or of record, more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, (ii) each director of the Company, (iii) each executive officer of the Company, and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group. As of December 31, 2021, a total of 2,311,123,860 shares of our common stock were outstanding.

Our Board of Directors currently consists of two directors, one of whom is an officer of the Company. As of December 31, 2021 we disclose that we had no independent directors.

In general, it is our policy to submit all proposed related party transactions (those of the kind and size that may require disclosure under Regulation S-K, Item 404) to the Board of Directors for approval. The Board of Directors only approves those transactions that are on terms comparable to, or more beneficial to us than, those that could be obtained in arm’s length dealings with an unrelated third party. Examples of related party transactions covered by our policy are transactions in which any of the following individuals has or will have a direct or indirect material interest: any of our directors or executive officers, any person who is known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock, and any immediate family member of one of our directors or executive officers or person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our common stock.

Representatives of our principal accountants, Fruci & Assoicates II, PLLC, will be available for the current year and for the most recently completed fiscal year at the stockholder’s meeting to provide the financial statements and be available for questions. At this time, we are not planning to have a stockholder’s meeting.

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees billed to us by our principal accountants, Fruci & Associates II, PLLC for auditing and accounting services for fiscal year 2021 was $61,600 (inclusive of the review of the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q) and for year 2020 was $59,850.

Audit-Related Fees, Tax Fees and All Other Fees

There were no fees billed to us by our principal accountant for fiscal year 2021 and 2020 for assurance and related services (audit-related fees), tax services or other products and services.

Audit Committee Matters

We do not have an audit committee. The executive officers and BOD perform the role of the audit committee. The executive officers and BOD review and approve the audit. The audit fees were 100% and the audit related fees were 0% of the total fees and were approved by the executive officers and BOD.

PART IV

(a) The following documents have been filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required or because the required information is included in the Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders’ deficit, and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the two years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred net losses, has not yet generated material revenue from operations, and will require additional funds to maintain its operations. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there were no critical audit matters.

Fruci & Assoicates II, PLLC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.

Spokane, Washington

March 29, 2022

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Deficit

For the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2021

Note 1 – Nature of business

Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. (“TSI” or the “Company”) was organized August 6, 2007 under the name Friendly Auto Dealers, Inc., under the laws of the State of Nevada. In the first quarter of 2011 the Company changed its name from Friendly Auto Dealers, Inc. to Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc., and acquired Splint Decisions, Inc., a California corporation.

Currently, the Company is focused on immune modulation for the treatment of several specific diseases. Immune modulation refers to the ability to upregulate (make more active) or downregulate (make less active) one’s immune system.

Activating one’s immune system is now an accepted method to treat certain cancers, reduce recovery time from viral or bacterial infections and to prevent illness. Additionally, inhibiting one’s immune system is vital for reducing inflammation, autoimmune disorders and allergic reactions.

TSI is developing a range of immune-modulatory agents to target certain cancers, improve maternal and fetal health, fight periodontal disease, and for daily health.

Cellular Division – TSOI obtained exclusive rights to a patented adult stem cell for development of therapeutics in the area of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Lung Pathology (LP).

The stem cell licensed, termed “JadiCell” is unique in that it possesses features of mesenchymal stem cells, however, outperforms these cells in terms of a) enhanced growth factor production; b) augmented ability to secrete exosomes; and c) superior angiogenic and neurogenic ability.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repetitive concussive/sub-concussive hits to the head sustained over a period of years and is often found in football players. The condition is characterized by memory loss, impulsive/erratic behavior, impaired judgment, aggression, depression, and dementia. In many patients with CTE, it is anatomically characterized by brain atrophy, reduced mass of frontal and temporal cortices, and medial temporal lobe. TSOI has previously filed several patents in the area of CTE based on modulating the brain microenvironment to enhance receptivity of regenerative cells such as stem cells. On March 4, 2021 the Company received an IND Serial # 27377 for a clinical trial of 10 patients with CTE.

On August 4th, 2021, the Company announced clearance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate a Phase III pivotal trial for registration of the Company’s JadiCell™ universal donor stem cell as a treatment for COVID-19 associated lung failure under IND # 19757. In previous studies the Company has demonstrated the superior activity of JadiCell™ to other types of stem cells including bone marrow, adipose, cord blood, and placenta. Furthermore, the JadiCell™ was shown to be 100% effective in saving the lives of COVID-19 patients under the age of 85 in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial with patients in the ICU on a ventilator. In patients over the age of 85 the survival rate was 91%.

In addition, the Company has filed data with the FDA, as part of IND #17448, which demonstrated that treatment of cancer patients with StemVacs™ resulted in enhanced activity of a type of immunological cell called “natural killer” cells, otherwise known as “NK cells.”

The Company has also developed an allogenic version of StemVacs and has filed patents to cover activating universal donor immune system cells called dendritic cells in a manner so that upon injection they reprogram the body’s NK cells.

Most recently the Company announced filing of a patent for a new hybrid cell created by the Company capable of training the immune system to kill blood vessels feeding cancer, but sparing healthy blood vessels. These discoveries are an extension of previous findings from the Company showing that StemVacs is capable of suppressing new blood vessel production.

Management does not expect existing cash as of December 31, 2021 or as of March 31, 2022 to be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for at least twelve months from the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which assumes the Company will continue to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has incurred losses totaling $14.2 million since inception, has not yet generated material revenue from operations, and will require additional funds to maintain its operations. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the consolidated financial statements are issued. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to generate future profitable operations and obtain the necessary financing to meet its obligations and repay its liabilities arising from normal business operations when they become due. The Company intends to finance operating costs over the next twelve months through its existing financial resources and we may also raise additional capital through equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations and/or licensing arrangements. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or curtail, our operations. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2021

Note 2 – Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of the Company’s management, the consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position for the periods presented.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Therapeutic Solutions International, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. No material activity in any subsidiaries.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606,”Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”). In accordance with ASC 606, the Company applies the following methodology to recognize revenue:

ASC 606 provides that sales revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generally satisfies performance obligations upon shipment of the product or service to the customer. This is consistent with the time in which the customer obtains control of the product or service.

Wholesale policies:

Delivery. The Goods shall be deemed delivered when Buyer has accepted delivery at the above-referenced location. The shipping method shall be determined by Seller, but Buyer will not be responsible for shipping costs.

Purchase Price & Payments. Seller agrees to sell the Goods to Buyer for Fifty Percent (50%) off Sellers listed retail price (see Exhibit A). Seller will provide an invoice to Buyer at the time of delivery. All invoices must be paid, in full, within thirty (30) days. Any balances not paid within thirty (30) days will be subject to a five percent (5%) late payment penalty. In the event Buyer exceeds the aggregate of $500,000.00 worth of aforementioned products having been purchased, delivered, and paid for, Buyer will be entitled to an additional Five Percent (5%) discount up to the aggregate of $750,000.00. In the event Buyer exceeds the aggregate of $750,000.00 worth of aforementioned products having been purchased, delivered, and paid for, Buyer will be entitled to an additional Five Percent (5%) discount up to the aggregate of $1,500,000.00. All future sales after initial $1,500,000 in aggregate purchases will be sold at 60% off retail.

Inspection of Goods & Rejection. Buyer is entitled to inspect the Goods upon delivery. If the Goods are unacceptable for any reason, Buyer must reject them at the time of delivery up to five (5) business days from the date of delivery. If Buyer has not rejected the Goods within five (5) business days from the date of delivery, Buyer shall have waived any right to reject that specific delivery of Goods. In the event Buyer rejects the Goods, Buyer shall allow Seller a reasonable time to cure the deficiency. A reasonable time period shall be determined by industry standards for the particular Goods, as well as the Seller and Buyer.

Risk of Loss. Risk of loss will be on the Seller until the time when the Buyer accepts delivery. Seller shall maintain any and all necessary insurance in order to insure the Goods against loss at Seller’s own expense

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2021

Note 2 – Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Continued)

Retail policies of e-commerce:

Returns. We will gladly accept the return of products that are defective due to defects in manufacturing and/or workmanship. Fulfillment mistakes that may be made which result in the shipment of incorrect products to you will also be accepted for return.

Shipping. Shipping Time — Most orders will ship the next business day, provided the product ordered is in stock. Orders are not processed or shipped on Saturday or Sunday, except by prior arrangement. We cannot guarantee when an order will arrive. Consider any shipping or transit time offered to you by this site or other parties only as an estimate. We encourage you to order in a timely fashion to avoid delays caused by shipping or product availability.

Out of Stock. We will ship your product as it becomes available. Usually, products ship by the next business day. However, there may be times when the product you have ordered is out-of-stock, which will delay fulfilling your order. We will keep you informed of any products that you have ordered that are out-of-stock and unavailable for immediate shipment. You may cancel your order at any time prior to shipping.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid instruments with maturity of three months or less at the time of issuance to be cash equivalents.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits. Accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $0 and $12,349 in excess of the FDIC insured limit.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method, “FIFO”) or market. Inventories consist of purchased materials and assembly items.

Derivative Liabilities

A derivative is an instrument whose value is “derived” from an underlying instrument or index such as a future, forward, swap, option contract, or other financial instrument with similar characteristics, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and for hedging activities.

As a matter of policy, the Company does not invest in separable financial derivatives or engage in hedging transactions. However, the Company entered into certain debt financing transactions in fiscal 2021 and 2020, as disclosed in Note 5, containing certain conversion features that have resulted in the instruments being deemed derivatives. We evaluate such derivative instruments to properly classify such instruments within equity or as liabilities in our financial statements. Our policy is to settle instruments indexed to our common shares on a first-in-first-out basis.

The classification of a derivative instrument is reassessed at each reporting date. If the classification changes as a result of events during a reporting period, the instrument is reclassified as of the date of the event that caused the reclassification. There is no limit on the number of times a contract may be reclassified.

Instruments classified as derivative liabilities are remeasured using the Black-Scholes model at each reporting period (or upon reclassification) and the change in fair value is recorded on our consolidated statement of operations. We recorded derivative liabilities of $531,525 and $437,549 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, prepaids, convertible notes, and payables. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents and payables approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of these items.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2021

Note 2 – Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Continued)

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. Fair value measurements are required to be disclosed by level within the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 – Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

Level 3 – Inputs lack observable market data to corroborate management’s estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

When determining fair value, whenever possible the Company uses observable market data, and relies on unobservable inputs only when observable market data is not available. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has level 3 fair value calculations on derivative liabilities. The table below reflects the results of our Level 3 fair value calculations:

The following is the change in derivative liability for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

Schedule of Change in Derivative Liability

Use of Estimates

Estimates were made relating to valuation allowances, impairment of assets, share-based compensation expense and accruals. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss for the periods reported was comprised solely of the Company’s net loss.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period of computation. Diluted loss per share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if potential common shares had been issued, if such additional common shares were dilutive. Since we had net losses for all the periods presented, basic and diluted loss per share are the same, and additional potential common shares have been excluded as their effect would be antidilutive.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, a total of 95,273,690 and 579,347,525, respectively, potential common shares, consisting of shares underlying outstanding convertible notes payable were excluded as their inclusion would be antidilutive.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2021

Note 2 – Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Continued)

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Amortization is computed using the straight line method over the term of the agreement. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $6,772 and $389, respectively.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted primarily of intellectual properties such as proprietary nutraceutical formulations. Intellectual assets are capitalized in accordance with ASC Topic 350 “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other.” Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their respective estimated lives and reviewed for impairment whenever events or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was $11,295 and $6,591, respectively.

Long-lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, the carrying value of intangible assets and other long-lived assets is reviewed on a regular basis for the existence of facts or circumstances that may suggest impairment. The Company recognizes impairment when the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. Impairment losses, if any, are measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value.

Research and Development

Research and Development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and Development expenses were $794,750 and $561,990 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740 “Income Taxes,” which codified SFAS 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and FIN 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” Under the asset and liability method of ASC 740, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period the enactment occurs. A valuation allowance is provided for certain deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize tax assets through future operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation expense for stock issued to employees is determined as the fair value of consideration or services received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measured. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2018-07 to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees. The effective date for public companies is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the effective date is fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company adopted during the year ended December 31, 2018 for which there was no impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company issues shares for multiyear consulting agreements which are restricted and nonrefundable shares.

Leases

On February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The new standard requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets and eliminates certain real estate-specific provisions. ASU 2016-02 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019 and was adopted on a modified retrospective transition basis for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Company recorded a Right-of-use asset and a Lease Liability of $34,184 as of December 31, 2021.

THERAPEUTIC SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Consolidated Notes to Financial Statements

December 31, 2021

Note 2 – Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies (Continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The new guidance improves and clarifies the fair value measurement disclosure requirement of ASC 820. The new disclosure requirements include the changes in unrealized gains or losses included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurement held at the end of the reporting period and the explicit requirement to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. The other provisions of ASU 2018-13 also include eliminated and modified disclosure requirements. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted, including in an interim period for which financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. The Company has evaluated the impact of adoption of this ASU and determined that it will have no significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 eliminated certain exceptions and changed guidance on other matters. The exceptions relate to the allocation of income taxes in separate company financial statements, tax accounting for equity method investments and accounting for income taxes when the interim period year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated full year loss. Changes relate to the accounting for franchise taxes that are income-based and non-income-based, determining if a step up in tax basis is part of a business combination or if it is a separate transaction, when enacted tax law changes should be included in the annual effective tax rate computation, and the allocation of taxes in separate company financial statements to a legal entity that is not subject to income tax. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact but does not believe there will be an impact of the adoption of this standard on its results of operations, financial position and cash flows and related disclosures.

Note 3 – Restricted cash

Included in current assets is a $10,000 certificate of deposit with an annual interest rate of 0.6%. This certificate matures on June 17, 2022, and is used as collateral for a Company credit card, pursuant to a security agreement dated June 20, 2011.

Note 4 – Prepaid expense and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets