TheRealReal, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number: 001-38953

The RealReal, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(855) 435-5893

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of April 30, 2021, the registrant had 90,809,675 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans, objectives of management for future operations, long term operating expenses, the opening of additional retail stores in the future, the development of our automation technology, expectations for capital requirements and the use of proceeds from our initial public offering, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “will”, “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in the section titled “Risk Factors” included under Part II, Item 1A below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Some of the key factors that could cause actual results to differ from our expectations include:

In addition, statements such as “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and, although we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted a thorough inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. Furthermore, if our forward-looking statements prove to be inaccurate, the inaccuracy may be material. In light of the significant uncertainties in these forward-looking statements, you should not regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified time frame, or at all. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

THE REALREAL, INC.

Condensed Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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THE REALREAL, INC.

Condensed Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

2

THE REALREAL, INC.

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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THE REALREAL, INC.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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THE REALREAL, INC.

Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

5

THE REALREAL, INC.

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.

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THE REALREAL, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements

Note 1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Organization and Description of Business

The RealReal, Inc. (the “Company”) is an online marketplace for authenticated, consigned luxury goods across multiple categories, including women’s, men’s, kids’, jewelry and watches, and home and art. The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 29, 2011 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California.

Impact of the Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) Pandemic

In the year ended December 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic materially impacted the Company's business operations and results of operations. Operations in the Company’s authentication centers were initially limited in accordance with shelter-in-place orders resulting in operations below full capacity. In-person concierge consignment appointments were temporarily suspended. Luxury consignment offices and retail stores were temporarily closed. During the second half of fiscal year 2020, operations capacity was no longer limited by restrictions related to COVID-19 and all luxury consignment offices and retail stores were open. In-person concierge consignment appointments were available as an option for our consignor base and were augmented with virtual appointments.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company resumed in-person concierge consignment appointments in various areas. The authentication centers and retail stores experience intermittent closures to perform safety and cleaning procedures.

The Company believes that its financial resources will allow it to manage the anticipated impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s business operations for the foreseeable future. The Company believes its existing cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2021 will be sufficient to meet its working capital and capital expenditures needs for at least the next 12 months.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim reporting. The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar.

The condensed balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date. The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, and stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the periods presented.

Certain changes in presentation have been made to conform the prior period presentation to the current period reporting. Such reclassifications did not affect total revenues, operating income, or net income. We have made certain presentation changes to reclassify loss (gain) on retirement of property and equipment, accretion of unconditional grant liability, and amortization of premiums (discounts) on short-term investments to other adjustments within operating cash flows in the Condensed Statements of Cash Flows. 

These unaudited condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021.  

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include those related to revenue recognition, including the returns reserve, valuation of inventory, software development costs, incremental borrowing rates related to lease liability, fair value of the liability component of convertible senior notes, valuation of deferred taxes, and other contingencies. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss per common share when shares are issued that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net loss per common share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income (loss) available or attributable to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed.

The Company’s convertible senior notes are participating securities as they give the holders the right to receive dividends if dividends or distributions declared to the common stockholders is equal to or greater than the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock on the trading day immediately preceding the ex-dividend date for such dividend or distribution as if the instruments had been converted into shares of common stock. No undistributed earnings were allocated to the participating securities as the contingent event is not satisfied as of the reporting date.

For periods in which the Company reports net losses, diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders, because potentially dilutive common shares and assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes are not assumed to have been issued within the calculation, if their effect is anti-dilutive.

Revenue Recognition

The Company generates revenue from the sale of pre-owned luxury goods through its online marketplace and retail stores.

Consignment and Service Revenue

The Company provides a service to sell pre-owned luxury goods on behalf of consignors to buyers through its online marketplace and retail stores. The Company retains a percentage of the proceeds received as payment for its consignment service, which the Company refers to as its take rate. The Company reports consignment revenue on a net basis as an agent and not the gross amount collected from the buyer. Title to the consigned goods remains with the consignor until transferred to the buyer upon purchase of the consigned goods and expiration of the allotted return period. The Company does not take title of consigned goods at any time except in certain cases where returned goods become Company-owned inventory.

The Company recognizes consignment revenue upon purchase of the consigned good by the buyer as its performance obligation of providing consignment services to the consignor is satisfied at that point. Consignment revenue is recognized net of estimated returns, cancellations, buyer incentives and adjustments. The Company recognizes a returns reserve based on historical experience, which is recorded in other accrued and current liabilities on the condensed balance sheets (see Note 5). Sales tax assessed by governmental authorities is excluded from revenue.

Certain transactions provide consignors with a material right resulting from the tiered consignor commission plan. Under this plan, the amount an individual consignor receives for future sales of consigned goods may be dependent on previous consignment sales for that consignor within his/her consignment period. Accordingly, in certain consignment transactions, a small portion of the Company’s consignment revenue is allocated to such material right using the portfolio method and recorded as deferred revenue, which is recorded in other accrued and current liabilities on the condensed balance sheets. The impact of the deferral has not been material to the financial statements.

The Company charges shipping fees to buyers and has elected to treat shipping and handling activities performed after control transfers to the buyer as fulfillment activities. All outbound shipping and handling costs are accounted for as fulfillment costs in cost of consignment and service revenue at the time revenue is recognized.

The Company also generates subscription revenue from monthly memberships allowing buyers early access to shop for luxury goods. The buyers receive the early access and other benefits over the term of the subscription period, which represents a single stand-ready performance obligation. Therefore, the subscription fees paid by the buyer are recognized over the monthly subscription period. Subscription revenue was not material in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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Direct Revenue

The Company generates direct revenue from the sale of Company-owned inventory. The Company recognizes direct revenue on a gross basis upon shipment of the purchased good to the buyer as the Company acts as the principal in the transaction. Direct revenue is recognized net of estimated returns, buyer incentives and adjustments. Sales tax assessed by governmental authorities is excluded from revenue. Cost of direct revenue is also recognized upon shipment to the buyer in an amount equal to that paid to the consignor from the original consignment sale, an amount equal to that paid as a direct purchase from a third party, or the lower of cost of the inventory purchased and its net realizable value. 

Incentives

Incentives, which include platform-wide discounts and buyer incentives, may periodically be offered to buyers. Platform-wide discounts are made available to all buyers on the online marketplace. Buyer incentives apply to specific buyers and consist of coupons or promotions that offer credits in connection with purchases on the Company’s platform, and do not impact the commissions paid to consignors. These are treated as a reduction of consignment and service revenue and direct revenue. Additionally, the Company periodically offers commission exceptions to consignors to optimize its supply. These are treated as reduction of consignment and service revenue, and are reflected in the Company’s take rate. The Company may offer a certain type of buyer incentive in the form of site credits to buyers on current transactions to be applied towards future transactions, which are included in other accrued and current liabilities on the balance sheets.

Contract Liabilities

The Company’s contractual liabilities consist of deferred revenue for material rights primarily related to the tiered consignor commission plan, which are recognized as revenue using a portfolio approach based on the pattern of exercise, and certain unredeemed site credits, which were immaterial as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Contract liabilities are recorded in other accrued and current liabilities on the balance sheets and are generally expected to be recognized within one year. Contract liabilities were immaterial as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of consignment and service revenue consist of shipping costs, credit card fees, packaging, customer service personnel-related costs, website hosting services, and consignor inventory adjustments relating to lost or damaged products. Cost of direct revenue consists of the cost of goods sold, credit card fees, packaging, customer service personnel-related costs, website hosting services, and inventory adjustments.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense related to employees and nonemployees is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. Compensation expense is recognized in the statements of operations over the period during which the employee is required to perform services in exchange for the award (the vesting period of the applicable award) using the straight-line method. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is estimated based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, which is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of each purchase under the employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) is estimated at the beginning of the offering period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents primarily consist of investments in short-term money market funds and amounts invested in U.S. treasury securities.    

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no restricted cash.           

Short-term Investments

The Company has classified and accounted for its short-term investments as available-for-sale which are carried at fair value on its condensed balance sheets. Available-for-sale securities with remaining maturities of 12 months or less are classified as short term and available-for-sale securities with remaining maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long term.

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Available-for-sale investments are reported at fair value based on quoted market prices and other observable market data. The Company records any unrealized gains and losses within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders’ equity, of which there were none as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company evaluates its short-term investments periodically for possible impairment. If the Company determines that an investment with an amortized cost basis in excess of estimated fair value is caused by expected credit losses, the expected credit loss on the investment is recognized in Other income and expense, net. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had not recorded any impairments due to credit loss.

Inventory

Inventory consists of finished goods arising from goods returned after the title has transferred from the buyer to the Company as well as finished goods from direct purchases from vendors and consignors. The cost of inventory is an amount equal to that paid to the consignor or vendors. Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the specific identification method and the Company records provisions, as appropriate, to write down obsolete and excess inventory to estimated net realizable value. After the inventory value is reduced, adjustments are not made to increase it from the estimated net realizable value. Our provisions to write down obsolete and excess inventory to net realizable value were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Return reserves, which reduce revenue and cost of sales, are estimated using historical experience. Liabilities for return allowances are included in other accrued and current liabilities on the condensed balance sheets and were $14.5 million and $18.3 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Included in inventory on the Company’s condensed balance sheets are assets totaling $3.4 million and $7.4 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, for the rights to recover products from customers associated with its liabilities for return reserves.

Software Development Costs

Proprietary software includes the costs of developing the Company’s internal proprietary business platform and automation projects. The Company capitalizes qualifying proprietary software development costs that are incurred during the application development stage. Capitalization of costs begins when two criteria are met: (1) the preliminary project stage is completed and (2) it is probable that the software will be completed and used for its intended function. Such costs are capitalized in the period incurred. Capitalization ceases and amortization begins when the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, including the completion of all significant testing. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation operating activities are expensed as incurred.

Leases

Contracts that have been determined to convey the right to use an identified asset are evaluated for classification as an operating or finance lease. For the Company’s operating leases, the Company records a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments at lease inception, using the applicable incremental borrowing rate. The Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate by developing its own synthetic credit rating, corresponding yield curve, and the terms of each lease at the lease commencement date. The corresponding right-of-use asset is recorded based on the corresponding lease liability at lease inception, adjusted for payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, initial direct costs incurred and any tenant incentives allowed for under the lease. The Company does not include optional renewal terms or early termination provisions unless the Company is reasonably certain such options would be exercised at the inception of the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion are included on the Company’s condensed balance sheets.

The Company has elected the practical expedients that allows for the combination of lease components and non-lease components and to record short-term leases as lease expense on a straight-line basis on the condensed statements of operations. Variable lease payments are recorded as expense as they are incurred.

The Company has finance leases for vehicles and equipment, and the amounts of finance lease right-of-use assets and finance lease liabilities have been immaterial to date.

Convertible Senior Notes, net

Convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash or other assets, or partially in cash, upon conversion, are separately accounted for as long-term debt and equity components (or conversion feature). The debt component represents the Company’s contractual obligation to pay principal and interest and the equity component represents the Company’s option to convert the debt security into equity of the Company or the equivalent amount of cash. Upon issuance, the Company allocated the debt component on the basis of the estimated fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature and the remaining

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proceeds are allocated to the equity component. The bifurcation of the debt and equity components resulted in a debt discount for the aforementioned notes. The Company uses the effective interest method to amortize the debt discount to interest expense over the amortization period which is the expected life of the debt.

Capped Call Transactions

In June 2020 and March 2021, in connection with the issuance of its convertible senior notes, the Company entered into Capped Call Transactions (see Note 6). The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the holders of the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the convertible senior notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted convertible senior notes, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The capped calls are classified in stockholders’ equity as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and are not subsequently remeasured as long as the conditions for equity classification continue to be met.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the related debt based on the effective interest method. The Company presents debt issuance costs on the condensed balance sheets as a direct deduction from the associated debt. A portion of debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the convertible senior notes issued in June 2020 and March 2021 was related to the equity component and was recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital and is not amortized to interest expense over the estimated life of the related debt.

Concentrations of Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and investments. At times, such amount may exceed federally-insured limits. The Company reduces credit risk by placing its cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments with major financial institutions within the United States.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no customers that represented 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable balance and there were no customers that individually exceeded 10% of the Company’s total revenue for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments. Under this ASU, the embedded conversion features will no longer be separated from the host contract for convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost and a convertible preferred stock will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. ASU 2020-06 removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception and it also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas. The ASU will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its financial statements. It is expected that upon adoption, the Company’s Convertible Senior Notes, as discussed in Note 7, will no longer be bifurcated into an equity and a debt component, but rather accounted for as a single liability.

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Note 3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

The following tables summarize the estimated value of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2020, the contractual maturity for the short-term investments is less than one year. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized no material realized gains or losses on short-term investments.

Note 4. Fair Value Measurement

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis on the condensed balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair values. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or an exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The authoritative guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements as follows:

Level 1—Observable inputs such as unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the periods presented.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s cash equivalents solely consisted of money market funds, which amounted to $204.4 million. Money market funds are measured at net asset value per share and are excluded from cash equivalents in the fair value hierarchy table.

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The following table provides the financial instruments measured at fair value (in thousands) as of December 31, 2020:

Fair Value Measurements of Other Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on the condensed balance sheets (in millions):

The principal amounts of the 2025 convertible senior notes and the 2028 convertible senior notes are $172.5 million and $287.5 million, respectively. The difference between the principal amounts of the convertible senior notes and their respective net carrying amounts are the unamortized debt issuance costs and the unamortized debt discount (See Note 6).  

As of March 31, 2021, the fair value of the 2025 convertible senior notes and the 2028 convertible senior notes, which differs from their carrying value is determined by prices for the convertible senior notes observed in market trading. The market for trading of the convertible senior notes is not considered to be an active market and therefore the estimate of fair value is based on Level 2 inputs, such as interest rates based on the market price on the last trading day for the period. Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on March 31, 2021, the if-converted values of the 2025 Notes exceeded the principal amounts by $47.1 million.

Note 5. Condensed Balance Sheet Components

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net is recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $5.4 million and $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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Other Accrued and Current Liabilities

Other accrued and current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

Note 6. Convertible Senior Notes, Net

2025 Convertible Senior Notes

In June 2020, the Company issued an aggregate principal of $172.5 million of its 3.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (2025 Notes), pursuant to an indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The 2025 Notes include $22.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes sold to the initial purchasers resulting from the exercise in full of their option to purchase additional Notes. The 2025 Notes will mature on June 15, 2025, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased by the Company or converted.

The Company received net proceeds from the 2025 Notes offering of approximately $165.8 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount and commission and offering expenses. The Company used approximately $22.5 million of the net proceeds from the 2025 Notes offering to fund the net cost of entering into the capped call transactions described below. The Company intends to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.

The 2025 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 3.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2020. The initial conversion rate applicable to the 2025 Notes is 56.2635 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $17.77 per share of the Company’s common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a corporate event, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its 2025 Notes in connection with such corporate event.

The 2025 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after June 20, 2023 if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice. In addition, calling any Note for redemption will constitute a make-whole fundamental change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

Prior to March 15, 2025, the 2025 Notes will be convertible only under the following circumstances:

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On and after March 15, 2025, until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or a portion of their 2025 Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the 2025 Notes will be settled, at the Company’s election, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. It is the Company’s current intent to settle conversions of the 2025 Notes through combination settlement, which involves repayment of the principal portion in cash and any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount in shares of its common stock. The conditions allowing holders of the 2025 Notes to convert were not met as of March 31, 2021.

The 2025 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company and will rank senior in right of payment to any of future indebtedness of the Company that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2025 Notes; rank equal in right of payment to any existing and future unsecured indebtedness of the Company that is not so subordinated; be effectively subordinated in right of payment to any secured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities and obligations incurred by future subsidiaries of the Company.

If bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization occurs with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company), then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2025 Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If an event of default (other than bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization with respect to the Company and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs and is continuing, then, with the exception of certain reporting events of default, the trustee, by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of notes then outstanding, by notice to us and the trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2025 Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the Company separately accounted for the liability and equity components of the 2025 Notes by allocating the proceeds between the liability component and the embedded conversion options, or equity component, due to Company’s ability to settle the 2025 Notes in cash, its common stock, or a combination of cash and common stock at Company’s option. The allocation was done by first estimating the fair value of the liability component and the residual value was assigned to the equity component. The value of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature using a discounted cash flow approach to derive the value of a debt instrument using the expected cash flows and the estimated yield related to the convertible notes. The interest rate of 5.67% was used to compute the initial fair value of the liability component of $152.7 million, with a corresponding amount recorded as a discount on the initial issuance of the 2025 Notes of approximately $19.8 million. The debt discount was recorded to equity and is being amortized to the debt liability over the life of the Notes using the effective interest method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

The net carrying amount of the liability component of the 2025 Notes was as follows:

The net carrying amount of the equity component of the 2025 Notes was as follows:

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In connection with the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the Company incurred approximately $6.7 million of debt issuance costs, which primarily consisted of initial purchasers’ discounts and legal and other professional fees. The Company allocated these costs to the liability and equity components based on the allocation of the proceeds. The portion of these costs allocated to the equity component totaling approximately $0.8 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. The portion of these costs initially allocated to the liability component totaling approximately $5.9 million was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt on the condensed balance sheets and is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the expected life of the 2025 Notes or approximately its five-year term. The effective interest rate on the liability component of the 2025 Notes for the period from the date of issuance through March 31, 2021 was 6.4%.

The following table sets forth the amounts recorded in interest expense related to the 2025 Notes:

Future minimum payments under the 2025 Notes as of March 31, 2021, are as follows:

2028 Convertible Senior Notes

In March 2021, the Company issued an aggregate principal of $287.5 million of its 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028, pursuant to an indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The 2028 Notes issued in the Note Offering include $37.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes sold to the initial purchasers resulting from the exercise in full of their option to purchase additional Notes. The 2028 Notes will mature on March 1, 2028, unless earlier redeemed or repurchased by the Company or converted.

The Company received net proceeds from the 2028 Notes offering of approximately $278.1 million, after deducting the initial purchasers’ discount and commission and offering expenses. The Company used approximately $33.7 million of the net proceeds from the 2028 Notes offering to fund the net cost of entering into the capped call transactions described below. The Company intends to use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.

The 2028 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on September 1, 2021. The initial conversion rate applicable to the 2028 Notes is 31.4465 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2028 Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $31.80 per share of the Company’s common stock). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events but will not be adjusted for accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, upon the occurrence of a corporate event, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate by a number of additional shares for a holder that elects to convert its 2028 Notes in connection with such corporate event.

The 2028 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after March 5, 2025 if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice. In addition, calling any Note for redemption will

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constitute a make-whole fundamental change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption.

Prior to December 1, 2027, the 2028 Notes will be convertible only under the following circumstances:

On and after December 1, 2027, until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or a portion of their 2028 Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the 2028 Notes will be settled, at the Company’s election, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. It is the Company’s current intent to settle conversions of the 2028 Notes through combination settlement, which involves repayment of the principal portion in cash and any excess of the conversion value over the principal amount in shares of its common stock.

The 2028 Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Company and will rank senior in right of payment to any of future indebtedness of the Company that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2028 Notes; rank equal in right of payment to any existing and future unsecured indebtedness of the Company that is not so subordinated; be effectively subordinated in right of payment to any secured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities and obligations incurred by future subsidiaries of the Company.

If bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization occurs with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company), then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2028 Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If an event of default (other than bankruptcy, insolvency, or reorganization with respect to the Company and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs and is continuing, then, with the exception of certain reporting events of default, the trustee, by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of notes then outstanding, by notice to us and the trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2028 Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2028 Notes, the Company separately accounted for the liability and equity components of the 2028 Notes by allocating the proceeds between the liability component and the embedded conversion options, or equity component, due to Company’s ability to settle the 2028 Notes in cash, its common stock, or a combination of cash and common stock at Company’s option. The allocation was done by first estimating the fair value of the liability component and the residual value was assigned to the equity component. The value of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The allocation was performed in a manner that reflected the Company’s non-convertible debt borrowing rate for similar debt. The interest rate of 7.18% was used to compute the initial fair value of the liability component of $191.3 million, with a corresponding amount recorded as a discount on the initial issuance of the 2028 Notes of approximately $96.2 million. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

The net carrying amount of the liability component of the 2028 Notes was as follows:

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The net carrying amount of the equity component of the 2028 Notes was as follows:

In connection with the issuance of the 2028 Notes, the Company incurred approximately $9.4 million of debt issuance costs, which primarily consisted of initial purchasers’ discounts and legal and other professional fees. The Company allocated these costs to the liability and equity components based on the allocation of the proceeds. The portion of these costs allocated to the equity component totaling approximately $3.1 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. The portion of these costs allocated to the liability component totaling approximately $6.2 million was recorded as a reduction in the carrying value of the debt on the condensed balance sheets and is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the expected life of the 2028 Notes or approximately its seven-year term. The effective interest rate on the liability component of the 2028 Notes for the period from the date of issuance through March 31, 2021 was 7.5%.

The following table sets forth the amounts recorded in interest expense related to the 2028 Notes from the date of issuance through March 31, 2021:

Future minimum payments under the 2028 Notes as of March 31, 2021, are as follows:

Capped Call Transactions with Respect to the 2025 and 2028 Notes

In connection with the issuance of the 2025 Notes and 2028 Notes, including the initial purchasers’ exercise of the option to purchase additional Notes, the Company entered into capped call transactions (2025 Capped Calls and 2028 Capped Calls) with respect to its common stock with certain financial institutions (collectively, the “Counterparties”). The Company paid an aggregate amount of approximately $22.5 million and $33.7 million in connection with the 2025 Capped Calls and 2028 Capped Calls to the Counterparties, respectively. The 2025 Capped Calls and 2028 Capped Calls cover approximately 9,705,454 shares and 9,040,869 shares of the Company’s common stock at a strike price that corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 and 2028 Notes, respectively. The 2025 and 2028 Capped Calls are subject to anti-dilution adjustments that are intended to be substantially identical to those in the 2025 and 2028 Notes, and are exercisable upon conversion of the 2025 and 2028 Notes. The 2025 and 2028 Capped Calls

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are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including merger events, tender offer and announcement events. In addition, the 2025 and 2028 Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2025 and 2028 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings and hedging disruptions. The 2025 Capped Calls settle in components commencing on April 16, 2025 with the last component scheduled to expire on June 12, 2025. The 2028 Capped Calls settle in components commencing on December 31, 2027 with the last component scheduled to expire on February 28, 2028.

The cap price of the 2025 Capped Call is initially $27.88 per share, which represents a premium of 100.0% over the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $13.94 per share on June 10, 2020, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions. The cap price of the 2028 Capped Call is initially $48.00 per share, which represents a premium of 100.0% over the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $24.00 per share on March 3, 2021, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the capped call transactions. The Company expects to receive from the Counterparties a number of shares of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s election (subject to certain conditions), cash, with an aggregate market value (or, in the case of cash settlement, in an amount) approximately equal to the product of such excess times the number of shares of the Company’s common stock relating to the 2025 and 2028 Capped Calls being exercised.

These Capped Call instruments meet the conditions outlined in ASC 815-40 to be classified in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives, and are not subsequently remeasured as long as the conditions for equity classification continue to be met. The Company recorded a reduction to additional paid-in capital of approximately $22.5 million and $33.7 million related to the premium payments for the 2025 and 2028 Capped Call transactions.

Note 7. Share-based Compensation Plans

2011 Equity Incentive Plan

In 2011, the Company adopted the Equity Incentive Plan (2011 Plan) authorizing the granting of incentive stock options (ISOs) and non-statutory stock options (NSOs) to eligible participants for up to 12,987,255 shares of common stock. Under the 2011 Plan, incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options are to be granted at an exercise price that is no less than 100% of the fair value of the stock at the date of grant. Options generally vest over four years and are exercisable for up to 10 years after the date of grant. Incentive stock options granted to stockholders who own more than 10% of the outstanding stock of the Company at the time of grant must be issued at an exercise price no less than 110% of the fair value of the stock on the date of grant. The 2011 Plan has been replaced by the Company’s 2019 Plan as defined below with respect to future equity awards.

2019 Equity Incentive Plan

In connection with the Company’s initial public offering, the Company adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The 2019 Plan allows the Company to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance awards to participants. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2019 Plan, the initial number of shares authorized for grants under the 2019 Plan is 8,000,000. These available shares increase annually by an amount equal to the lesser of 8,000,000 shares, 5% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or the number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. On August 4, 2020, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase of shares available for grant under the 2019 Plan by 4,293,616 shares.     

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In connection with the Company’s initial public offering, the Company adopted the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The Employee Stock Purchase Plan permits employees to purchase shares of common stock during six-month offering periods at a purchase price equal to the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the first business day of such offering period and (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of common stock on the last business day of such offering period. The plan is considered compensatory and, as such, the purchase discount from market price purchased by employees will be recorded as compensation expense. The initial number of shares of common stock that could be issued under the employee stock purchase plan was 1,750,000 shares. These available shares increase by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,750,000 shares, 1% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31, or the number of shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. On August 4, 2020, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase in the shares available for grant under the ESPP by 858,723 shares. The initial offering period ran from May 15, 2020 to November 14, 2020. There were no shares purchased by employees under the ESPP during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company selected the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as the method for determining the estimated fair value for the Company’s 2019 ESPP. As of March 31, 2021, total unrecognized compensation costs related to the 2019 ESPP was $0.1 million which will be amortized over a weighted average period of 0.1 years.

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Stock-based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows (in thousands):

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company capitalized $0.4 million of stock-based compensation expense to proprietary software. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we did not capitalize any stock-based compensation expense.

Note 8. Leases

The Company leases its corporate offices, retail spaces and authentication centers under various noncancelable operating leases with terms ranging from one year to fifteen years.

The Company recorded operating lease costs of $7.3 million and $6.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company also incurred $1.3 million and $0.9 million of variable lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The variable lease costs are comprised primarily of the Company’s proportionate share of operating expenses, property taxes and insurance.            

Maturities of operating lease liabilities by fiscal year for the Company’s operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2021, the Company has entered into operating lease agreements that have not yet commenced. The Company will determine the classification at the commencement date for each lease, but currently expects these leases to be classified as operating leases. Pending execution of the landlord's obligations to prepare leased spaces for occupancy, the Company expects these leases to commence on various dates in the year ended December 31, 2021.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s estimated undiscounted lease payments for leases that have not yet commenced were as follows (in thousands):

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Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for the Company’s operating leases are as follows:

The Company has leases for certain vehicles that are classified as finance leases. The finance lease right-of-use asset and finance lease liabilities for these vehicle leases are immaterial as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Note 9. Commitments and Contingencies

Noncancelable Purchase Commitments

The Company has commitments for cloud services and other services in the ordinary course of business with varying expiration terms through 2023. As of March 31, 2021, there were no material changes to the Company’s noncancelable purchase commitments disclosed in the financial statements in the Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Other Commitments

In January 2018, the Company and the University of Arizona Foundation entered into an endowment agreement (the “Endowment Agreement”) to establish a fund (the “Fund”) to create and grow a gemology degree program in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arizona (the “University”). The Company agreed to donate a total of $2.0 million, payable in four annual installments of $0.5 million starting in January 2018.

There are no conditions that the University must meet to receive the funds nor any penalties to the University for nonperformance. The Endowment Agreement directs the use of the funds but contains no binding restrictions on the use of the funds. On the execution of the Endowment Agreement, the Company recognized $1.7 million expense for the estimated fair value of the grant, using a discount rate of 10%, to selling, general and administrative expenses in the statements of operations. The Company recognized a corresponding liability for the remaining installment payments and will recognize accretion of the liability as interest expense over the remaining term of the Endowment Agreement.

Interest expense related to the accretion of the grant liability was not material in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. As of March 31, 2021, there was no outstanding liability, as the final annual installment of $0.5 million was made during the three months ended March 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding liability was $0.5 million, which is included in other accrued and current liabilities on the condensed balance sheets.   

Contingencies

From time to time, the Company is subject to, and it is presently involved in, litigation and other legal proceedings and from time to time, the Company receives inquiries from government agencies. Accounting for contingencies requires the Company to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. The Company records a loss contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company discloses material contingencies when a loss is not probable but reasonably possible.

On November 14, 2018, Chanel, Inc. (“Chanel”) filed a lawsuit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York bringing various trademark and advertising-related claims under the Lanham Act and New York state law analogues. Chanel alleges, among other things, that the Company has misrepresented certain counterfeit Chanel products as authentic Chanel products, that the Company’s resale of Chanel products confuses consumers into believing that Chanel is affiliated with the Company and involved in authenticating consignors’ goods and that only Chanel is capable of authenticating second-hand Chanel goods. The Court issued an Opinion & Order on March 30, 2020 denying in part and granting in part the Company’s motion to dismiss. The Company filed its answer and affirmative defenses on May 29, 2020. Chanel’s claims are now in the discovery phase. On

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November 3, 2020, with the court’s permission, the Company filed a motion to amend its answer to add counterclaims against Chanel alleging anticompetitive conduct in violation of the federal and state antitrust laws as well as tortious interference. That motion was granted on February 24, 2021, permitting the Company to file its amended pleading. The Company filed its Amended Answer, Affirmative Defenses, and Counterclaims on February 25, 2021. On March 8, 2021, Chanel filed a motion to dismiss the Company’s counterclaims and to strike one of the Company’s affirmative defenses. The Company filed its opposition to Chanel’s motion on April 1, 2021. A decision on that motion is pending. A joint stipulation and order staying the case for three months was entered on April 5, 2021, while the parties attempt mediation. This litigation is in its early stages and the final outcome, including the Company’s liability, if any, with respect to Chanel’s claims, is uncertain. Chanel could in the future assert additional trademark and advertising or other claims against the Company in this or other proceedings. An unfavorable outcome in this or similar litigation could adversely affect the Company’s business and could lead to other similar lawsuits. The Company is not able to predict or reasonably estimate the ultimate outcome or possible losses relating to this claim.

On September 10, 2019, a purported shareholder class action complaint was filed against the Company, its officers and directors and the underwriters of its IPO in the Superior Court of the State of California in the County of San Mateo. Three additional purported class actions, also alleging claims arising from the IPO were subsequently filed in Marin County and San Francisco County Superior Courts. The San Mateo case was voluntarily dismissed, refiled in Marin County Superior Court and consolidated with the cases there. On January 10, 2020, the Marin County plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended complaint. The plaintiffs in the San Francisco Superior Court case have filed a request for dismissal. Separately an additional purported class action was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on November 25, 2019. On February 12, 2020, a lead plaintiff was appointed in the federal action and an Amended Consolidated Complaint was filed on March 31, 2020. Defendants’ filed a demurrer and motion to strike in the state court action on March 13, 2020 and filed a motion to stay the proceedings in favor of the federal action on May 1, 2020. On August 4, 2020, the court granted defendants’ motion to stay the state court action and deferred ruling on the demurrer and motion to strike pending the outcome of the federal court action. A motion to dismiss the Amended and Consolidated Complaint in the federal court action was filed on May 15, 2020. On March 31, 2021, the court entered an order on the motion to dismiss, dismissing the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) claims and some of the claims alleged under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). The court provided plaintiffs with an opportunity to amend the complaint and, on April 30, 2021, plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint in federal court. The state court complaint, and the Second Amended Complaint in federal court each allege claims under the Securities Act of 1933 on behalf of a purported class of shareholders who acquired the Company’s stock pursuant to or traceable to the registration statement for the Company’s IPO. The federal complaint also alleges claims under the Exchange Act on behalf of a purported class of shareholders who purchased the Company’s stock from June 27, 2019 through November 20, 2019. The complaints seek, among other things, damages and interest, rescission, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On September 10, 2020 and December 7, 2020, purported shareholders filed putative derivative actions in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. The derivative complaints allege factual allegations largely tracking the above referenced lawsuits. The two derivative cases have been consolidated and the consolidated case has been stayed. While the Company intends to vigorously defend against the litigation described above, the cases are at a very early stage and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in its defense. For this same reason, the Company cannot currently estimate the loss or the range of possible losses it may experience in connection with this litigation.

Indemnifications

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnifications of varying scope and terms to vendors, directors, officers and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties and other liabilities relating to or arising from the Company's various services, or its acts or omissions. The Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its financial statements.

Note 10. Income Taxes

The quarterly income tax provision reflects an estimate of the corresponding quarter’s state taxes in the United States. The Company has reviewed all positive and negative evidence associated with the realizability of its deferred tax assets, and continues to maintain a full valuation allowance as of March 31, 2021.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (the “Act”) was signed into law. The Act provides various forms of income tax relief to companies including additional carryback opportunities for net operating losses (NOLs), and the potential offset of 100% of taxable income with NOLs (as opposed to only 80% before the Act’s enactment). The Act also temporarily increases the interest deductibility threshold from 30% to 50% of adjusted taxable income. Further, some companies can immediately expense qualified improvement property, instead of depreciating those costs over 39 years, for income tax purposes. Additionally, if improvement property is capitalized, the life to be used for amortization has been reduced from 39 years to 15 years.

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Given the Company’s tax attributes, specifically large net operating loss carryforwards, the Act and related provisions do not create immediate material tax relief. However, the Company continues to monitor the various tax provisions.

Note 11. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

The following securities were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented, because including them would have been anti-dilutive (on an as-converted basis):

The Convertible Senior Notes issued in June 2020 and in March 2021 are convertible, based on the applicable conversion rate, into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. The impact of the assumed conversion to diluted net loss per share is computed on an as-converted basis.

Note 12. Subsequent Events

Revolving Credit Agreement

In April 2021, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with a lender, to provide a revolving line of credit of up to $50 million. Advances on the line of credit bear interest payable monthly at a variable annual rate equal to the greater of the prime rate plus 0.50% or 4.25%. The credit facility expires in April 2023. 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our condensed financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our audited financial statements and related notes and our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2021. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. See the discussion under “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and particularly in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future, and our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results we expect for the full calendar year or any other period.

Overview

We are the world’s largest online marketplace for authenticated, consigned luxury goods. We are revolutionizing luxury resale by providing an end-to-end service that unlocks supply from consignors and creates a trusted, curated online marketplace for buyers globally. Since our inception in 2011, we have cultivated a loyal and engaged consignor and buyer base through continuous investment in our technology platform, logistics infrastructure and people. We offer a wide selection of authenticated, primarily pre-owned luxury goods on our online marketplace bearing the brands of thousands of luxury and premium designers. We offer products across multiple categories including women’s, men’s, kids’, jewelry and watches, and home and art. We have built a vibrant online marketplace that we believe expands the overall luxury market, promotes the recirculation of luxury goods and contributes to a more sustainable world.

We have transformed the luxury consignment experience by removing the friction and pain points inherent in the traditional consignment model. For consignors, we offer concierge in-home consultation and pickup, subject to safety requirements related to the COVID pandemic, and meetings with consignors via online face-to-face platforms, or Virtual Consultations. Consignors may also drop off items at our luxury consignment offices. Our Flagship and Neighborhood Stores provide an alternative location to drop off consigned items and an opportunity to interact with our experts. Consignors may also utilize our complimentary shipping directly to our authentication centers. We leverage our proprietary transactional database and market insights from approximately 18.4 million item sales since inception to deliver optimal pricing and rapid sell-through. For buyers, we offer highly coveted and exclusive authenticated pre-owned luxury goods at attractive values, as well as a high-quality experience befitting the products we offer. Our online marketplace is powered by our proprietary technology platform, including consumer facing applications and purpose-built software that supports our complex, single-SKU inventory management system.

The substantial majority of our revenue is generated by consignment sales. We also generate revenue from other services and direct sales.

We generate revenue from orders processed through our website, mobile app and retail stores located in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Palo Alto, Newport Beach, Greenwich, and San Francisco. Our omni-channel experience enables buyers to purchase anytime and anywhere. We have a global base of more than 22.6 million members as of March 31, 2021. We count as a member any user who has registered an email address on our website or downloaded our mobile app, thereby agreeing to our terms of service.

Through March 31, 2021, we have cumulatively paid more than $1.9 billion in commissions to our consignors. Our GMV increased by 27% to $327.3 million from $257.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, NMV increased by 32% to $244.2 million from $184.6 million as returns decreased year over year primarily due to a higher mix of non-returnable items, including handbags and certain promoted items. Our total revenue increased by 27% to

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$98.8 million from $78.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, our gross profit was $58.3 million and $49.0 million, respectively, representing an increase of 19%. See “—Impact of COVID-19 on our Business” below.

Impact of COVID-19 on Our Business

In the year ended December 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted our business operations and results. Operations in the Company’s fulfillment facilitates were initially limited in accordance with shelter-in-place orders resulting in operations below full capacity. In-person concierge consignment appointments were temporarily suspended and our retail stores and luxury consignment offices were temporarily closed. GMV decreased in 2020 due to the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. During the second half of 2020, operations capacity was no longer limited by restrictions related to COVID-19 and all luxury consignment offices and retail stores were open. In-person concierge consignment appointments were available as an option for our consignor base and were augmented with virtual appointments.

In the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company resumed in-person concierge consignment appointments. GMV trends have improved significantly as GMV increased approximately 27% in the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period last year. Despite the continuing impact of COVID-19 on the overall economy, we also saw growth in active buyers.

While government restrictions have in many locations been removed or eased, the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic remains highly uncertain, and our business and results of operations, including our net revenues, earnings and cash flows, could be adversely impacted. We are continuing to closely monitor the effects of the ongoing pandemic and its impact on our business. Travel and border closures do not significantly affect our business as we operate a U.S. focused marketplace.

Throughout the pandemic, our top priority has been to protect the health and safety of our employees and our customers. We have enforced social distancing in our authentication centers, enabled virtual consignment appointments, implemented curbside pick-up of products from our consignors, and enabled our corporate employees to work remotely. The impact of these actions on our workforce are difficult to assess. However, we do not believe that these remote work arrangements have adversely affected our ability to maintain our financial reporting systems, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we do not expect to encounter any significant challenges to our ability to maintain these systems and controls.

We also do not expect the pandemic to affect the assets on our condensed balance sheets and our ability to timely account for those assets. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions used in preparing our financial statements on an ongoing basis. We do not anticipate any material impairments with respect to inventory, long-lived assets, right-of-use assets, or changes in accounting judgments that would have a material impact on our financial statements.

Other Factors Affecting Our Performance

Other key business and marketplace factors, independent of the health and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, impact our business. To analyze our business performance, determine financial forecasts and help develop long-term strategic plans, we focus on the factors described below. While each of these factors presents significant opportunity for our business, collectively, they also pose important challenges that we must successfully address in order to sustain our growth, improve our operating results and achieve and maintain our profitability.

Consignor growth and retention. We grow our sales by increasing the supply of luxury goods offered through our consignment online marketplace. We grow our supply both by attracting new consignors and by creating lasting engagement with existing consignors. We generate leads for new consignors principally through our advertising activity. We convert those leads into active consignors through the activities of our sales professionals, who are trained and incentivized to identify and source high-quality, coveted luxury goods from consignors. Our sales professionals form a consultative relationship with consignors and deliver a high-quality, rapid consigning experience. Our existing relationships with consignors allow us to unlock valuable supply across multiple categories within the home, including women’s, men’s, kids’, jewelry and watches, and home and art. We leverage our proprietary transactional database and market insights based on more than 18.4 million item sales since inception to deliver consignors optimal pricing and rapid sell-through.

Our growth has been driven in significant part by repeat sales by existing consignors concurrent with growth of our consignor base. The percentage of GMV from repeat consignors in the three months ended March 31, 2021 was 84% as compared to 82% for the three months ended March 31, 2020.    

Buyer growth and retention. We grow our business by attracting and retaining buyers. We attract and retain buyers by offering highly coveted, authenticated, pre-owned luxury goods at attractive values and delivering a high-quality, luxury experience. We measure our success in attracting and retaining buyers by tracking buyer satisfaction and purchasing activity over time. We have experienced high buyer satisfaction, as evidenced by our buyer net promoter score of 71 in 2020.

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We believe there is substantial opportunity to grow our business by having buyers also become consignors and vice versa. As of March 31, 2021, 13% of our buyers had become consignors and 56% of our consignors had become buyers. If we fail to continue to attract and retain our buyer base to our online marketplace, our operating results would be adversely affected.  

Scaling operations and technology. To support the future growth of our business, we are expanding our capacity through investments in physical infrastructure, talent and technology. We principally conduct our intake, authentication, merchandising and fulfillment operations in our four leased authentication centers located in California and New Jersey comprising an aggregate of approximately 1 million square feet of space. We secured leases on more than half of this space in 2018. In October 2020, we secured a lease in Arizona for an additional authentication center and incurred occupancy costs upon taking possession during the three months ended March 31, 2021. The market for real estate to support operations centers such as ours is competitive, and we plan to continue to secure and efficiently bring online additional capacity to support future growth. In 2017 and 2018, we opened our flagship retail stores in New York and Los Angeles. We opened a second retail store with a smaller footprint in New York in May 2019. We opened two additional flagship stores in 2020 in San Francisco and Chicago, and a neighborhood store in Palo Alto. Additionally, we opened three neighborhood stores in Newport Beach, New York City, and Greenwich during the three months ended March 31, 2021. We intend to open additional retail stores in the future. In addition to scaling our physical infrastructure, growing our single-SKU business operations and developing our SKU-depth capabilities require that we attract, train and retain highly-skilled personnel for purposes of authentication, copywriting, merchandising, pricing and fulfilling orders. We invest substantially in technology to automate our operations and support growth. We continue to strategically invest in technology despite the difficult operating environment resulting from COVID-19, as innovation positions us to scale and support growth once the economy normalizes.

Seasonality. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, we have observed trends in seasonality of supply and demand in our business. Specifically, our supply increases in the third and fourth quarters, and our demand increases in the fourth quarter. As a result of this seasonality, we typically see stronger AOV and more rapid sell-through in the fourth quarter. We also incur higher operating expenses in the last four months of the year as we increase advertising spend to attract consignors and buyers and increase headcount in sales and operations to handle the higher volumes. However, the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on our business have made it difficult to evaluate the impact of seasonality in our business.

Key Financial and Operating Metrics

The key operating and financial metrics that we use to assess the performance of our business are set forth below for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

GMV

GMV, or gross merchandise value, represents the total amount paid for goods across our online marketplace in a given period. We do not reduce GMV to reflect product returns or order cancellations. GMV includes amounts paid for both consigned goods and our inventory net of platform-wide discounts and excludes the effect of buyer incentives, shipping fees and sales tax. Platform-wide discounts are made available to all buyers on the online marketplace, and impact commissions paid to consignors. Buyer incentives apply to specific buyers and consist of coupons or promotions that offer credits in connection with purchases on our platform. We believe this is the primary measure of the scale and growth of our online marketplace and the key indicator of the health of our consignor ecosystem. We monitor trends in GMV to inform budgeting and operational decisions to support and promote growth in our business and to monitor our success in adapting our business to meet the needs of our consignors and buyers. While GMV is the primary driver of our revenue, it is not a proxy for revenue or revenue growth. See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -Revenue Recognition - Consignment and Service Revenue.

NMV

NMV, or net merchandise value, represents the value of sales from both consigned goods and our inventory net of platform-wide discounts less product returns and order cancellations and excludes the effect of buyer incentives, shipping fees and sales tax. We believe NMV is a supplemental measure of the scale and growth of our online marketplace. Like GMV, NMV is not a proxy for revenue or revenue growth.

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Number of Orders

Number of orders means the total number of orders placed across our online marketplace and retail stores in a given period. We do not reduce number of orders to reflect product returns or order cancellations.

Take Rate

Take rate is a key driver of our revenue and provides comparability to other marketplaces. The numerator used to calculate our take rate is equal to net consignment sales and the denominator is equal to the numerator plus consignor commissions. Net consignment sales represent the value of sales from consigned goods net of platform-wide discounts less consignor commission, product returns and order cancellations. We exclude direct revenue from our calculation of take rate because direct revenue represents the sale of inventory owned by us, which costs are included in cost of direct revenue. Our take rate reflects the high level of service that we provide to our consignors across multiple touch points and the consistently high velocity of sales for their goods. Our take rate structure is a tiered commission structure for consignors, where the more they sell the higher percent commission they earn. Consignors start at a 55% commission (which equals a 45% take rate for us) and can earn up to a 70% commission. This tiered structure applies unless it is overridden by a commission exception.

Commission exceptions from the tiered commission structure optimize supply and drive take rate changes. Examples of current commission exceptions include a flat 40% commission on all items under $145, and an 85% commission on watches over $2,495. Management assesses changes in take rates by monitoring the volume of GMV and take rate across each discrete commission grouping, encompassing commission tiers and exceptions.

Active Buyers

Active buyers include buyers who purchased goods through our online marketplace during the 12 months ended on the last day of the period presented, irrespective of returns or cancellations. We believe this metric reflects scale, brand awareness, buyer acquisition and engagement.

Average Order Value (“AOV”)

Average order value (“AOV”) means the average value of all orders placed across our online marketplace and retail stores, excluding shipping fees and sales taxes. Our focus on luxury goods across multiple categories drives a consistently high AOV. Our AOV reflects both the average price of items sold as well as the number of items per order. Our high AOV is a key driver of our operating leverage.

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Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA means net loss before interest income, interest expense, other (income) expense net, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization, further adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, employer payroll tax on employee stock transactions, and certain one-time expenses. The employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock transactions are tied to the vesting or exercise of underlying equity awards and the price of our common stock at the time of vesting, which may vary from period to period independent of the operating performance of our business. Adjusted EBITDA provides a basis for comparison of our business operations between current, past and future periods by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. The following table provides a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

(1) We exclude employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock-based transactions because we believe that excluding this item provides meaningful supplemental information regarding our operating results. In particular, this expense is dependent on the price of our common stock at the time of vesting or exercise, which may vary from period to period, and other factors that are beyond our control and do not correlate to the operation of the business. When evaluating the performance of our business and making operating plans, we do not consider these items. Similar charges were not adjusted in prior periods as they were not material.

Components of our Operating Results

Revenue

Our revenue is comprised of consignment and service revenue and direct revenue.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of consignment and services revenue consists of shipping costs, credit card fees, packaging, customer service personnel-related costs, website hosting services, and consignor inventory adjustments related to lost or damaged products. Cost of direct revenue consists of the cost of goods sold, credit card fees, packaging, customer service personnel-related costs, website hosting services, and inventory adjustments.

Marketing

Marketing expense comprises the cost of acquiring and retaining consignors and buyers, including the cost of television, digital and direct mail advertising. Marketing expense also includes personnel-related costs for employees engaged in these activities. We expect these expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue over the longer term.

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Operations and Technology

Operations and technology expense principally includes personnel-related costs for employees involved with the authentication, merchandising and fulfillment of goods sold through our online marketplace and retail stores, as well as our general information technology expense. Operations and technology expense also includes allocated facility and overhead costs, costs related to our retail stores, facility supplies and depreciation of hardware and equipment, as well as research and development expense for technology associated with managing and improving our operations. We capitalize a portion of our proprietary software and technology development costs. As such, operations and technology expense also includes amortization of capitalized technology development costs. While we have implemented cost saving measures to address the challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect operations and technology expense to increase in future periods to support our growth, including bringing on additional authentication centers and continuing to invest in automation and other technology improvements to support and drive efficiency in our operations. These expenses may vary from year to year as a percentage of revenue, depending primarily upon when we choose to make more significant investments. We expect these expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue over the longer term.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expense is principally comprised of personnel-related costs for our sales professionals and employees involved in finance and administration. Selling, general and administrative expense also includes allocated facilities and overhead costs and professional services, including accounting and legal advisors. While these expenses may vary from year to year as a percentage of revenue, we expect these expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue over the longer term.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of state minimum taxes in the United States. We have a full valuation allowance for our net deferred tax assets primarily consisting of net operating loss carryforwards, accruals and reserves, stock-based compensation, fixed assets, and other book-to-tax timing differences. We expect to maintain this full valuation allowance for the foreseeable future.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations (in thousands) and such data as a percentage of revenue for the periods presented:

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